[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164100},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2298},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2291,"extension":2292,"meta":2293,"navigation":142,"path":2294,"seo":2295,"stem":2296,"__hash__":2297},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2253},"minimark",[9,19,26,34,39,52,61,205,210,281,287,295,300,303,314,319,322,333,340,344,349,354,380,384,393,397,460,464,497,501,546,550,587,591,594,653,657,704,707,712,752,756,783,786,800,814,818,823,890,894,930,933,941,944,1008,1012,1044,1050,1053,1114,1121,1124,1202,1206,1239,1243,1246,1290,1294,1330,1333,1350,1353,1356,1409,1412,1423,1430,1440,1443,1502,1506,1547,1555,1564,1570,1578,1590,1595,1606,1679,1682,1694,1710,1714,1719,1723,1726,1773,1779,1782,1845,1849,1852,1861,1866,1903,1907,1910,1918,1921,1960,1964,1967,2019,2023,2044,2051,2055,2061,2088,2091,2146,2149,2160,2164,2173,2181,2188,2193,2201,2204,2211,2218,2222,2249],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dict-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"dict()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The built-in ",[15,24,17],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,27,28,29,33],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[30,31,32],"strong",{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,35,36,38],{},[15,37,17],{}," is commonly used to:",[40,41,42,46,49],"ul",{},[43,44,45],"li",{},"create an empty dictionary",[43,47,48],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[43,50,51],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,53,54,55,60],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[56,57,59],"a",{"href":58},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",".",[62,63,68],"pre",{"className":64,"code":65,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n","python","",[15,69,70,122,137,144,187],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72,75,79,83,87,91,95,97,101,105,107,110,113,115,119],"span",{"class":73,"line":74},"line",1,[71,76,78],{"class":77},"su5hD","data ",[71,80,82],{"class":81},"smGrS","=",[71,84,86],{"class":85},"sZMiF"," dict",[71,88,90],{"class":89},"sP7_E","(",[71,92,94],{"class":93},"s99_P","name",[71,96,82],{"class":81},[71,98,100],{"class":99},"sjJ54","'",[71,102,104],{"class":103},"s_sjI","Alice",[71,106,100],{"class":99},[71,108,109],{"class":89},",",[71,111,112],{"class":93}," age",[71,114,82],{"class":81},[71,116,118],{"class":117},"srdBf","25",[71,120,121],{"class":89},")\n",[71,123,125,129,131,135],{"class":73,"line":124},2,[71,126,128],{"class":127},"sptTA","print",[71,130,90],{"class":89},[71,132,134],{"class":133},"slqww","data",[71,136,121],{"class":89},[71,138,140],{"class":73,"line":139},3,[71,141,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},true,"\n",[71,145,147,150,152,155,157,159,161,163,166,169,172,174,177,179,181,184],{"class":73,"line":146},4,[71,148,149],{"class":77},"pairs ",[71,151,82],{"class":81},[71,153,154],{"class":89}," [(",[71,156,100],{"class":99},[71,158,56],{"class":103},[71,160,100],{"class":99},[71,162,109],{"class":89},[71,164,165],{"class":117}," 1",[71,167,168],{"class":89},"),",[71,170,171],{"class":89}," (",[71,173,100],{"class":99},[71,175,176],{"class":103},"b",[71,178,100],{"class":99},[71,180,109],{"class":89},[71,182,183],{"class":117}," 2",[71,185,186],{"class":89},")]\n",[71,188,190,192,194,197,199,202],{"class":73,"line":189},5,[71,191,128],{"class":127},[71,193,90],{"class":89},[71,195,196],{"class":85},"dict",[71,198,90],{"class":89},[71,200,201],{"class":133},"pairs",[71,203,204],{"class":89},"))\n",[20,206,207],{},[30,208,209],{},"Output:",[62,211,213],{"className":64,"code":212,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,214,215,253],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,216,217,220,222,224,226,229,232,234,236,238,240,243,245,247,250],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,218,219],{"class":89},"{",[71,221,100],{"class":99},[71,223,94],{"class":103},[71,225,100],{"class":99},[71,227,228],{"class":89},":",[71,230,231],{"class":99}," '",[71,233,104],{"class":103},[71,235,100],{"class":99},[71,237,109],{"class":89},[71,239,231],{"class":99},[71,241,242],{"class":103},"age",[71,244,100],{"class":99},[71,246,228],{"class":89},[71,248,249],{"class":117}," 25",[71,251,252],{"class":89},"}\n",[71,254,255,257,259,261,263,265,267,269,271,273,275,277,279],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,256,219],{"class":89},[71,258,100],{"class":99},[71,260,56],{"class":103},[71,262,100],{"class":99},[71,264,228],{"class":89},[71,266,165],{"class":117},[71,268,109],{"class":89},[71,270,231],{"class":99},[71,272,176],{"class":103},[71,274,100],{"class":99},[71,276,228],{"class":89},[71,278,183],{"class":117},[71,280,252],{"class":89},[20,282,283,284,286],{},"Use ",[15,285,17],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[288,289,291,292,294],"h2",{"id":290},"what-dict-does","What ",[15,293,17],{}," does",[20,296,297,299],{},[15,298,17],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,301,302],{},"A dictionary:",[40,304,305,308,311],{},[43,306,307],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[43,309,310],{},"lets you look up values by key",[43,312,313],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,315,316,318],{},[15,317,17],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,320,321],{},"Common uses include:",[40,323,324,327,330],{},[43,325,326],{},"making an empty dictionary",[43,328,329],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[43,331,332],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,334,335,336,60],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[56,337,339],{"href":338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[288,341,343],{"id":342},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,345,346,348],{},[15,347,17],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[350,351,353],"h3",{"id":352},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[62,355,357],{"className":64,"code":356,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,358,359,370],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,360,361,363,365,367],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,362,78],{"class":77},[71,364,82],{"class":81},[71,366,86],{"class":85},[71,368,369],{"class":89},"()\n",[71,371,372,374,376,378],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,373,128],{"class":127},[71,375,90],{"class":89},[71,377,134],{"class":133},[71,379,121],{"class":89},[20,381,382],{},[30,383,209],{},[62,385,387],{"className":64,"code":386,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{}\n",[15,388,389],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,390,391],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,392,386],{"class":89},[350,394,396],{"id":395},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[62,398,400],{"className":64,"code":399,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,401,402,436,450],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,403,404,406,408,410,412,414,416,418,420,422,424,426,428,430,432,434],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,405,149],{"class":77},[71,407,82],{"class":81},[71,409,154],{"class":89},[71,411,100],{"class":99},[71,413,56],{"class":103},[71,415,100],{"class":99},[71,417,109],{"class":89},[71,419,165],{"class":117},[71,421,168],{"class":89},[71,423,171],{"class":89},[71,425,100],{"class":99},[71,427,176],{"class":103},[71,429,100],{"class":99},[71,431,109],{"class":89},[71,433,183],{"class":117},[71,435,186],{"class":89},[71,437,438,440,442,444,446,448],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,439,78],{"class":77},[71,441,82],{"class":81},[71,443,86],{"class":85},[71,445,90],{"class":89},[71,447,201],{"class":133},[71,449,121],{"class":89},[71,451,452,454,456,458],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,453,128],{"class":127},[71,455,90],{"class":89},[71,457,134],{"class":133},[71,459,121],{"class":89},[20,461,462],{},[30,463,209],{},[62,465,467],{"className":64,"code":466,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,468,469],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,470,471,473,475,477,479,481,483,485,487,489,491,493,495],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,472,219],{"class":89},[71,474,100],{"class":99},[71,476,56],{"class":103},[71,478,100],{"class":99},[71,480,228],{"class":89},[71,482,165],{"class":117},[71,484,109],{"class":89},[71,486,231],{"class":99},[71,488,176],{"class":103},[71,490,100],{"class":99},[71,492,228],{"class":89},[71,494,183],{"class":117},[71,496,252],{"class":89},[350,498,500],{"id":499},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[62,502,504],{"className":64,"code":503,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,505,506,536],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,507,508,510,512,514,516,518,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,509,78],{"class":77},[71,511,82],{"class":81},[71,513,86],{"class":85},[71,515,90],{"class":89},[71,517,94],{"class":93},[71,519,82],{"class":81},[71,521,100],{"class":99},[71,523,104],{"class":103},[71,525,100],{"class":99},[71,527,109],{"class":89},[71,529,112],{"class":93},[71,531,82],{"class":81},[71,533,118],{"class":117},[71,535,121],{"class":89},[71,537,538,540,542,544],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,539,128],{"class":127},[71,541,90],{"class":89},[71,543,134],{"class":133},[71,545,121],{"class":89},[20,547,548],{},[30,549,209],{},[62,551,553],{"className":64,"code":552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,554,555],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,556,557,559,561,563,565,567,569,571,573,575,577,579,581,583,585],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,558,219],{"class":89},[71,560,100],{"class":99},[71,562,94],{"class":103},[71,564,100],{"class":99},[71,566,228],{"class":89},[71,568,231],{"class":99},[71,570,104],{"class":103},[71,572,100],{"class":99},[71,574,109],{"class":89},[71,576,231],{"class":99},[71,578,242],{"class":103},[71,580,100],{"class":99},[71,582,228],{"class":89},[71,584,249],{"class":117},[71,586,252],{"class":89},[350,588,590],{"id":589},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,592,593],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[62,595,597],{"className":64,"code":596,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,598,599,643],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,600,601,603,605,607,610,612,614,616,618,620,623,626,628,631,633,636,638,641],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,602,78],{"class":77},[71,604,82],{"class":81},[71,606,86],{"class":85},[71,608,609],{"class":89},"([(",[71,611,100],{"class":99},[71,613,56],{"class":103},[71,615,100],{"class":99},[71,617,109],{"class":89},[71,619,165],{"class":117},[71,621,622],{"class":89},")],",[71,624,625],{"class":93}," b",[71,627,82],{"class":81},[71,629,630],{"class":117},"2",[71,632,109],{"class":89},[71,634,635],{"class":93}," c",[71,637,82],{"class":81},[71,639,640],{"class":117},"3",[71,642,121],{"class":89},[71,644,645,647,649,651],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,646,128],{"class":127},[71,648,90],{"class":89},[71,650,134],{"class":133},[71,652,121],{"class":89},[20,654,655],{},[30,656,209],{},[62,658,660],{"className":64,"code":659,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,661,662],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,663,664,666,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688,690,692,695,697,699,702],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,665,219],{"class":89},[71,667,100],{"class":99},[71,669,56],{"class":103},[71,671,100],{"class":99},[71,673,228],{"class":89},[71,675,165],{"class":117},[71,677,109],{"class":89},[71,679,231],{"class":99},[71,681,176],{"class":103},[71,683,100],{"class":99},[71,685,228],{"class":89},[71,687,183],{"class":117},[71,689,109],{"class":89},[71,691,231],{"class":99},[71,693,694],{"class":103},"c",[71,696,100],{"class":99},[71,698,228],{"class":89},[71,700,701],{"class":117}," 3",[71,703,252],{"class":89},[288,705,353],{"id":706},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,708,283,709,711],{},[15,710,17],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[62,713,715],{"className":64,"code":714,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,716,717,727,742],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,718,719,721,723,725],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,720,78],{"class":77},[71,722,82],{"class":81},[71,724,86],{"class":85},[71,726,369],{"class":89},[71,728,729,731,733,736,738,740],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,730,128],{"class":127},[71,732,90],{"class":89},[71,734,735],{"class":85},"type",[71,737,90],{"class":89},[71,739,134],{"class":133},[71,741,204],{"class":89},[71,743,744,746,748,750],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,745,128],{"class":127},[71,747,90],{"class":89},[71,749,134],{"class":133},[71,751,121],{"class":89},[20,753,754],{},[30,755,209],{},[62,757,759],{"className":64,"code":758,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,760,761,779],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,762,763,766,770,772,774,776],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,764,765],{"class":81},"\u003C",[71,767,769],{"class":768},"sbsja","class",[71,771,231],{"class":99},[71,773,196],{"class":103},[71,775,100],{"class":99},[71,777,778],{"class":81},">\n",[71,780,781],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,782,386],{"class":89},[20,784,785],{},"This gives the same result as:",[62,787,789],{"className":64,"code":788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {}\n",[15,790,791],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,792,793,795,797],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,794,78],{"class":77},[71,796,82],{"class":81},[71,798,799],{"class":89}," {}\n",[20,801,802,803,806,807,810,811,813],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,804,805],{},"{}"," is more common because it is shorter.",[808,809],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,812,17],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[288,815,817],{"id":816},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,819,820,821,60],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,822,17],{},[62,824,826],{"className":64,"code":825,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,827,828,866,880],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,829,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,846,848,850,852,854,856,858,860,862,864],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,831,149],{"class":77},[71,833,82],{"class":81},[71,835,154],{"class":89},[71,837,100],{"class":99},[71,839,94],{"class":103},[71,841,100],{"class":99},[71,843,109],{"class":89},[71,845,231],{"class":99},[71,847,104],{"class":103},[71,849,100],{"class":99},[71,851,168],{"class":89},[71,853,171],{"class":89},[71,855,100],{"class":99},[71,857,242],{"class":103},[71,859,100],{"class":99},[71,861,109],{"class":89},[71,863,249],{"class":117},[71,865,186],{"class":89},[71,867,868,870,872,874,876,878],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,869,78],{"class":77},[71,871,82],{"class":81},[71,873,86],{"class":85},[71,875,90],{"class":89},[71,877,201],{"class":133},[71,879,121],{"class":89},[71,881,882,884,886,888],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,883,128],{"class":127},[71,885,90],{"class":89},[71,887,134],{"class":133},[71,889,121],{"class":89},[20,891,892],{},[30,893,209],{},[62,895,896],{"className":64,"code":552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,897,898],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,899,900,902,904,906,908,910,912,914,916,918,920,922,924,926,928],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,901,219],{"class":89},[71,903,100],{"class":99},[71,905,94],{"class":103},[71,907,100],{"class":99},[71,909,228],{"class":89},[71,911,231],{"class":99},[71,913,104],{"class":103},[71,915,100],{"class":99},[71,917,109],{"class":89},[71,919,231],{"class":99},[71,921,242],{"class":103},[71,923,100],{"class":99},[71,925,228],{"class":89},[71,927,249],{"class":117},[71,929,252],{"class":89},[20,931,932],{},"Each pair becomes:",[40,934,935,938],{},[43,936,937],{},"the first item as the key",[43,939,940],{},"the second item as the value",[20,942,943],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[62,945,947],{"className":64,"code":946,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,948,949,984,998],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,950,951,953,955,958,960,962,964,966,968,970,972,974,976,978,980,982],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,952,149],{"class":77},[71,954,82],{"class":81},[71,956,957],{"class":89}," ((",[71,959,100],{"class":99},[71,961,56],{"class":103},[71,963,100],{"class":99},[71,965,109],{"class":89},[71,967,165],{"class":117},[71,969,168],{"class":89},[71,971,171],{"class":89},[71,973,100],{"class":99},[71,975,176],{"class":103},[71,977,100],{"class":99},[71,979,109],{"class":89},[71,981,183],{"class":117},[71,983,204],{"class":89},[71,985,986,988,990,992,994,996],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,987,78],{"class":77},[71,989,82],{"class":81},[71,991,86],{"class":85},[71,993,90],{"class":89},[71,995,201],{"class":133},[71,997,121],{"class":89},[71,999,1000,1002,1004,1006],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,1001,128],{"class":127},[71,1003,90],{"class":89},[71,1005,134],{"class":133},[71,1007,121],{"class":89},[20,1009,1010],{},[30,1011,209],{},[62,1013,1014],{"className":64,"code":466,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,1015,1016],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1017,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1019,219],{"class":89},[71,1021,100],{"class":99},[71,1023,56],{"class":103},[71,1025,100],{"class":99},[71,1027,228],{"class":89},[71,1029,165],{"class":117},[71,1031,109],{"class":89},[71,1033,231],{"class":99},[71,1035,176],{"class":103},[71,1037,100],{"class":99},[71,1039,228],{"class":89},[71,1041,183],{"class":117},[71,1043,252],{"class":89},[20,1045,1046,1047,60],{},"Each item must contain ",[30,1048,1049],{},"exactly two elements",[20,1051,1052],{},"This causes an error:",[62,1054,1056],{"className":64,"code":1055,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,1057,1058,1098],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1059,1060,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1061,1062],{"class":77},"bad_data ",[71,1064,82],{"class":81},[71,1066,154],{"class":89},[71,1068,100],{"class":99},[71,1070,56],{"class":103},[71,1072,100],{"class":99},[71,1074,109],{"class":89},[71,1076,165],{"class":117},[71,1078,109],{"class":89},[71,1080,1081],{"class":117}," 100",[71,1083,168],{"class":89},[71,1085,171],{"class":89},[71,1087,100],{"class":99},[71,1089,176],{"class":103},[71,1091,100],{"class":99},[71,1093,109],{"class":89},[71,1095,183],{"class":117},[71,1097,186],{"class":89},[71,1099,1100,1103,1105,1107,1109,1112],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1101,1102],{"class":77},"result ",[71,1104,82],{"class":81},[71,1106,86],{"class":85},[71,1108,90],{"class":89},[71,1110,1111],{"class":133},"bad_data",[71,1113,121],{"class":89},[20,1115,1116,1117,1120],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,1118,1119],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,1122,1123],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[62,1125,1127],{"className":64,"code":1126,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,1128,1129,1178,1192],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1130,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1132,149],{"class":77},[71,1134,82],{"class":81},[71,1136,154],{"class":89},[71,1138,100],{"class":99},[71,1140,56],{"class":103},[71,1142,100],{"class":99},[71,1144,109],{"class":89},[71,1146,165],{"class":117},[71,1148,168],{"class":89},[71,1150,171],{"class":89},[71,1152,100],{"class":99},[71,1154,56],{"class":103},[71,1156,100],{"class":99},[71,1158,109],{"class":89},[71,1160,1161],{"class":117}," 99",[71,1163,168],{"class":89},[71,1165,171],{"class":89},[71,1167,100],{"class":99},[71,1169,176],{"class":103},[71,1171,100],{"class":99},[71,1173,109],{"class":89},[71,1175,183],{"class":117},[71,1177,186],{"class":89},[71,1179,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1181,78],{"class":77},[71,1183,82],{"class":81},[71,1185,86],{"class":85},[71,1187,90],{"class":89},[71,1189,201],{"class":133},[71,1191,121],{"class":89},[71,1193,1194,1196,1198,1200],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,1195,128],{"class":127},[71,1197,90],{"class":89},[71,1199,134],{"class":133},[71,1201,121],{"class":89},[20,1203,1204],{},[30,1205,209],{},[62,1207,1209],{"className":64,"code":1208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,1210,1211],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1212,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231,1233,1235,1237],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1214,219],{"class":89},[71,1216,100],{"class":99},[71,1218,56],{"class":103},[71,1220,100],{"class":99},[71,1222,228],{"class":89},[71,1224,1161],{"class":117},[71,1226,109],{"class":89},[71,1228,231],{"class":99},[71,1230,176],{"class":103},[71,1232,100],{"class":99},[71,1234,228],{"class":89},[71,1236,183],{"class":117},[71,1238,252],{"class":89},[288,1240,1242],{"id":1241},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,1244,1245],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[62,1247,1248],{"className":64,"code":503,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,1249,1250,1280],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1251,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1253,78],{"class":77},[71,1255,82],{"class":81},[71,1257,86],{"class":85},[71,1259,90],{"class":89},[71,1261,94],{"class":93},[71,1263,82],{"class":81},[71,1265,100],{"class":99},[71,1267,104],{"class":103},[71,1269,100],{"class":99},[71,1271,109],{"class":89},[71,1273,112],{"class":93},[71,1275,82],{"class":81},[71,1277,118],{"class":117},[71,1279,121],{"class":89},[71,1281,1282,1284,1286,1288],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1283,128],{"class":127},[71,1285,90],{"class":89},[71,1287,134],{"class":133},[71,1289,121],{"class":89},[20,1291,1292],{},[30,1293,209],{},[62,1295,1296],{"className":64,"code":552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,1297,1298],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1299,1300,1302,1304,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326,1328],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1301,219],{"class":89},[71,1303,100],{"class":99},[71,1305,94],{"class":103},[71,1307,100],{"class":99},[71,1309,228],{"class":89},[71,1311,231],{"class":99},[71,1313,104],{"class":103},[71,1315,100],{"class":99},[71,1317,109],{"class":89},[71,1319,231],{"class":99},[71,1321,242],{"class":103},[71,1323,100],{"class":99},[71,1325,228],{"class":89},[71,1327,249],{"class":117},[71,1329,252],{"class":89},[20,1331,1332],{},"In this form:",[40,1334,1335,1343],{},[43,1336,1337,1339,1340],{},[15,1338,94],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,1341,1342],{},"'name'",[43,1344,1345,1339,1347],{},[15,1346,242],{},[15,1348,1349],{},"'age'",[20,1351,1352],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,1354,1355],{},"Valid examples:",[62,1357,1359],{"className":64,"code":1358,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,1360,1361,1399],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1362,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1374,1376,1378,1381,1383,1385,1388,1390,1392,1395,1397],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1364,78],{"class":77},[71,1366,82],{"class":81},[71,1368,86],{"class":85},[71,1370,90],{"class":89},[71,1372,1373],{"class":93},"city",[71,1375,82],{"class":81},[71,1377,100],{"class":99},[71,1379,1380],{"class":103},"Paris",[71,1382,100],{"class":99},[71,1384,109],{"class":89},[71,1386,1387],{"class":93}," country",[71,1389,82],{"class":81},[71,1391,100],{"class":99},[71,1393,1394],{"class":103},"France",[71,1396,100],{"class":99},[71,1398,121],{"class":89},[71,1400,1401,1403,1405,1407],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1402,128],{"class":127},[71,1404,90],{"class":89},[71,1406,134],{"class":133},[71,1408,121],{"class":89},[20,1410,1411],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[40,1413,1414,1417,1420],{},[43,1415,1416],{},"spaces",[43,1418,1419],{},"hyphens",[43,1421,1422],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,1424,1425,1426,1429],{},"For example, this is ",[30,1427,1428],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[62,1431,1433],{"className":64,"code":1432,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,1434,1435],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1436,1437],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1438,1432],{"class":1439},"sutJx",[20,1441,1442],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[62,1444,1446],{"className":64,"code":1445,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,1447,1448,1492],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1449,1450,1452,1454,1457,1459,1462,1464,1466,1468,1471,1473,1475,1477,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1451,78],{"class":77},[71,1453,82],{"class":81},[71,1455,1456],{"class":89}," {",[71,1458,100],{"class":99},[71,1460,1461],{"class":103},"first-name",[71,1463,100],{"class":99},[71,1465,228],{"class":89},[71,1467,231],{"class":99},[71,1469,1470],{"class":103},"Sam",[71,1472,100],{"class":99},[71,1474,109],{"class":89},[71,1476,231],{"class":99},[71,1478,1479],{"class":103},"first name",[71,1481,100],{"class":99},[71,1483,228],{"class":89},[71,1485,231],{"class":99},[71,1487,1470],{"class":103},[71,1489,100],{"class":99},[71,1491,252],{"class":89},[71,1493,1494,1496,1498,1500],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1495,128],{"class":127},[71,1497,90],{"class":89},[71,1499,134],{"class":133},[71,1501,121],{"class":89},[20,1503,1504],{},[30,1505,209],{},[62,1507,1509],{"className":64,"code":1508,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,1510,1511],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1512,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1514,219],{"class":89},[71,1516,100],{"class":99},[71,1518,1461],{"class":103},[71,1520,100],{"class":99},[71,1522,228],{"class":89},[71,1524,231],{"class":99},[71,1526,1470],{"class":103},[71,1528,100],{"class":99},[71,1530,109],{"class":89},[71,1532,231],{"class":99},[71,1534,1479],{"class":103},[71,1536,100],{"class":99},[71,1538,228],{"class":89},[71,1540,231],{"class":99},[71,1542,1470],{"class":103},[71,1544,100],{"class":99},[71,1546,252],{"class":89},[288,1548,1550,1552,1553],{"id":1549},"dict-vs",[15,1551,17],{}," vs ",[15,1554,805],{},[20,1556,1557,1558,1560,1561,1563],{},"Both ",[15,1559,17],{}," and ",[15,1562,805],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[350,1565,283,1567,1569],{"id":1566},"use-when",[15,1568,805],{}," when:",[40,1571,1572,1575],{},[43,1573,1574],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[43,1576,1577],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[62,1579,1580],{"className":64,"code":788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,1581,1582],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1583,1584,1586,1588],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1585,78],{"class":77},[71,1587,82],{"class":81},[71,1589,799],{"class":89},[350,1591,283,1593,1569],{"id":1592},"use-dict-when",[15,1594,17],{},[40,1596,1597,1600,1603],{},[43,1598,1599],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[43,1601,1602],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[43,1604,1605],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[62,1607,1609],{"className":64,"code":1608,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,1610,1611,1648],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1612,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1643,1645],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1614,78],{"class":77},[71,1616,82],{"class":81},[71,1618,86],{"class":85},[71,1620,609],{"class":89},[71,1622,100],{"class":99},[71,1624,56],{"class":103},[71,1626,100],{"class":99},[71,1628,109],{"class":89},[71,1630,165],{"class":117},[71,1632,168],{"class":89},[71,1634,171],{"class":89},[71,1636,100],{"class":99},[71,1638,176],{"class":103},[71,1640,100],{"class":99},[71,1642,109],{"class":89},[71,1644,183],{"class":117},[71,1646,1647],{"class":89},")])\n",[71,1649,1650,1653,1655,1657,1659,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1673,1675,1677],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1651,1652],{"class":77},"info ",[71,1654,82],{"class":81},[71,1656,86],{"class":85},[71,1658,90],{"class":89},[71,1660,94],{"class":93},[71,1662,82],{"class":81},[71,1664,100],{"class":99},[71,1666,104],{"class":103},[71,1668,100],{"class":99},[71,1670,109],{"class":89},[71,1672,112],{"class":93},[71,1674,82],{"class":81},[71,1676,118],{"class":117},[71,1678,121],{"class":89},[20,1680,1681],{},"So:",[40,1683,1684,1689],{},[43,1685,1686,1688],{},[15,1687,805],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[43,1690,1691,1693],{},[15,1692,17],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,1695,1696,1697,1701,1702,60],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[56,1698,1700],{"href":1699},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[56,1703,1705,1706,1709],{"href":1704},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,1707,1708],{},"get()"," method",[288,1711,1713],{"id":1712},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,1715,1716,1717,60],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1718,17],{},[350,1720,1722],{"id":1721},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,1724,1725],{},"This is wrong:",[62,1727,1729],{"className":64,"code":1728,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,1730,1731,1758],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1732,1733,1736,1738,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1734,1735],{"class":77},"items ",[71,1737,82],{"class":81},[71,1739,1740],{"class":89}," [",[71,1742,100],{"class":99},[71,1744,56],{"class":103},[71,1746,100],{"class":99},[71,1748,109],{"class":89},[71,1750,231],{"class":99},[71,1752,176],{"class":103},[71,1754,100],{"class":99},[71,1756,1757],{"class":89},"]\n",[71,1759,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1771],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1761,78],{"class":77},[71,1763,82],{"class":81},[71,1765,86],{"class":85},[71,1767,90],{"class":89},[71,1769,1770],{"class":133},"items",[71,1772,121],{"class":89},[20,1774,1775,1776,60],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,1777,1778],{},"('a', 1)",[20,1780,1781],{},"Correct version:",[62,1783,1785],{"className":64,"code":1784,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,1786,1787,1821,1835],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1788,1789,1791,1793,1795,1797,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1790,1735],{"class":77},[71,1792,82],{"class":81},[71,1794,154],{"class":89},[71,1796,100],{"class":99},[71,1798,56],{"class":103},[71,1800,100],{"class":99},[71,1802,109],{"class":89},[71,1804,165],{"class":117},[71,1806,168],{"class":89},[71,1808,171],{"class":89},[71,1810,100],{"class":99},[71,1812,176],{"class":103},[71,1814,100],{"class":99},[71,1816,109],{"class":89},[71,1818,183],{"class":117},[71,1820,186],{"class":89},[71,1822,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1824,78],{"class":77},[71,1826,82],{"class":81},[71,1828,86],{"class":85},[71,1830,90],{"class":89},[71,1832,1770],{"class":133},[71,1834,121],{"class":89},[71,1836,1837,1839,1841,1843],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,1838,128],{"class":127},[71,1840,90],{"class":89},[71,1842,134],{"class":133},[71,1844,121],{"class":89},[350,1846,1848],{"id":1847},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,1850,1851],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[62,1853,1855],{"className":64,"code":1854,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,1856,1857],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1858,1859],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1860,1854],{"class":1439},[20,1862,1863,1864,228],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,1865,82],{},[62,1867,1869],{"className":64,"code":1868,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,1870,1871,1893],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1872,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1874,78],{"class":77},[71,1876,82],{"class":81},[71,1878,86],{"class":85},[71,1880,90],{"class":89},[71,1882,94],{"class":93},[71,1884,82],{"class":81},[71,1886,100],{"class":99},[71,1888,104],{"class":103},[71,1890,100],{"class":99},[71,1892,121],{"class":89},[71,1894,1895,1897,1899,1901],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1896,128],{"class":127},[71,1898,90],{"class":89},[71,1900,134],{"class":133},[71,1902,121],{"class":89},[350,1904,1906],{"id":1905},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,1908,1909],{},"This will not work:",[62,1911,1912],{"className":64,"code":1432,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,1913,1914],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1915,1916],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1917,1432],{"class":1439},[20,1919,1920],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[62,1922,1924],{"className":64,"code":1923,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,1925,1926,1950],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1927,1928,1930,1932,1934,1936,1938,1940,1942,1944,1946,1948],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1929,78],{"class":77},[71,1931,82],{"class":81},[71,1933,1456],{"class":89},[71,1935,100],{"class":99},[71,1937,1461],{"class":103},[71,1939,100],{"class":99},[71,1941,228],{"class":89},[71,1943,231],{"class":99},[71,1945,1470],{"class":103},[71,1947,100],{"class":99},[71,1949,252],{"class":89},[71,1951,1952,1954,1956,1958],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,1953,128],{"class":127},[71,1955,90],{"class":89},[71,1957,134],{"class":133},[71,1959,121],{"class":89},[350,1961,1963],{"id":1962},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,1965,1966],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[62,1968,1970],{"className":64,"code":1969,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,1971,1972,2009],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1973,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1975,78],{"class":77},[71,1977,82],{"class":81},[71,1979,86],{"class":85},[71,1981,609],{"class":89},[71,1983,100],{"class":99},[71,1985,1986],{"class":103},"x",[71,1988,100],{"class":99},[71,1990,109],{"class":89},[71,1992,165],{"class":117},[71,1994,168],{"class":89},[71,1996,171],{"class":89},[71,1998,100],{"class":99},[71,2000,1986],{"class":103},[71,2002,100],{"class":99},[71,2004,109],{"class":89},[71,2006,183],{"class":117},[71,2008,1647],{"class":89},[71,2010,2011,2013,2015,2017],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2012,128],{"class":127},[71,2014,90],{"class":89},[71,2016,134],{"class":133},[71,2018,121],{"class":89},[20,2020,2021],{},[30,2022,209],{},[62,2024,2026],{"className":64,"code":2025,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,2027,2028],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2029,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2031,219],{"class":89},[71,2033,100],{"class":99},[71,2035,1986],{"class":103},[71,2037,100],{"class":99},[71,2039,228],{"class":89},[71,2041,183],{"class":117},[71,2043,252],{"class":89},[20,2045,2046,2047,60],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[56,2048,2050],{"href":2049},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[288,2052,2054],{"id":2053},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,2056,2057,2058,2060],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,2059,17],{}," include:",[40,2062,2063,2073,2079,2082],{},[43,2064,2065,2066,2069,2070],{},"passing a list like ",[15,2067,2068],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,2071,2072],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[43,2074,2075,2076],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,2077,2078],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[43,2080,2081],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[43,2083,2084,2085,2087],{},"confusing ",[15,2086,17],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,2089,2090],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[62,2092,2094],{"className":64,"code":2093,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,2095,2096,2110,2120,2131],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2097,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2099,128],{"class":127},[71,2101,90],{"class":89},[71,2103,735],{"class":85},[71,2105,90],{"class":89},[71,2107,134],{"class":133},[71,2109,204],{"class":89},[71,2111,2112,2114,2116,2118],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2113,128],{"class":127},[71,2115,90],{"class":89},[71,2117,134],{"class":133},[71,2119,121],{"class":89},[71,2121,2122,2124,2126,2129],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,2123,128],{"class":127},[71,2125,90],{"class":89},[71,2127,2128],{"class":133},"list_of_pairs",[71,2130,121],{"class":89},[71,2132,2133,2135,2137,2140,2142,2144],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,2134,128],{"class":127},[71,2136,90],{"class":89},[71,2138,2139],{"class":127},"len",[71,2141,90],{"class":89},[71,2143,2128],{"class":133},[71,2145,204],{"class":89},[20,2147,2148],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[40,2150,2151,2154,2157],{},[43,2152,2153],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[43,2155,2156],{},"what data is being passed in",[43,2158,2159],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[288,2161,2163],{"id":2162},"faq","FAQ",[350,2165,2167,2168,1560,2170,2172],{"id":2166},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and","What is the difference between ",[15,2169,17],{},[15,2171,805],{},"?",[20,2174,2175,2177,2178,2180],{},[15,2176,805],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,2179,17],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[350,2182,2184,2185,2187],{"id":2183},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list","Can ",[15,2186,17],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,2189,2190,2191,60],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,2192,2072],{},[350,2194,2196,2197,2200],{"id":2195},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys","Why does ",[15,2198,2199],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,2202,2203],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[350,2205,2207,2208,2210],{"id":2206},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,2209,17],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,2212,2213,2214,2217],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,2215,2216],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[288,2219,2221],{"id":2220},"see-also","See also",[40,2223,2224,2229,2233,2238,2244],{},[43,2225,2226],{},[56,2227,2228],{"href":338},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[43,2230,2231],{},[56,2232,59],{"href":58},[43,2234,2235],{},[56,2236,2237],{"href":1699},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[43,2239,2240],{},[56,2241,1705,2242,1709],{"href":1704},[15,2243,1708],{},[43,2245,2246],{},[56,2247,2248],{"href":2049},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2250,2251,2252],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":2254},[2255,2257,2263,2264,2265,2266,2273,2279,2280,2290],{"id":290,"depth":124,"text":2256},"What dict() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":2258},[2259,2260,2261,2262],{"id":352,"depth":139,"text":353},{"id":395,"depth":139,"text":396},{"id":499,"depth":139,"text":500},{"id":589,"depth":139,"text":590},{"id":706,"depth":124,"text":353},{"id":816,"depth":124,"text":817},{"id":1241,"depth":124,"text":1242},{"id":1549,"depth":124,"text":2267,"children":2268},"dict() vs {}",[2269,2271],{"id":1566,"depth":139,"text":2270},"Use {} when:",{"id":1592,"depth":139,"text":2272},"Use dict() when:",{"id":1712,"depth":124,"text":1713,"children":2274},[2275,2276,2277,2278],{"id":1721,"depth":139,"text":1722},{"id":1847,"depth":139,"text":1848},{"id":1905,"depth":139,"text":1906},{"id":1962,"depth":139,"text":1963},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":2281},[2282,2284,2286,2288],{"id":2166,"depth":139,"text":2283},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":2183,"depth":139,"text":2285},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":2195,"depth":139,"text":2287},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":2206,"depth":139,"text":2289},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2291},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",[2299,3900,5612,7312,9451,11416,12937,15115,17322,19782,21621,24187,26286,28568,30516,32427,34424,35864,37693,40218,42380,43609,44980,46628,48949,50793,52775,54469,55722,57416,59167,61139,62889,64989,66349,68300,69863,71854,73649,75549,77991,80069,82709,84738,86701,88889,90893,93206,94888,96333,97527,98705,100545,102985,104689,106704,108228,109473,110636,112018,114089,115986,117760,119626,121745,123485,124947,126541,128464,130141,132076,133565,136349,137926,139485,141513,143465,144928,146117,148003,149414,151110,152664,154086,155489,157387,159781,161612],{"id":2300,"title":2301,"body":2302,"description":3894,"extension":2292,"meta":3895,"navigation":142,"path":3896,"seo":3897,"stem":3898,"__hash__":3899},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2303,"toc":3866},[2304,2307,2314,2317,2328,2331,2335,2398,2400,2420,2425,2429,2434,2437,2453,2456,2482,2485,2487,2490,2505,2508,2535,2538,2597,2599,2614,2624,2635,2639,2642,2696,2698,2718,2721,2745,2752,2756,2761,2767,2769,2807,2809,2818,2824,2842,2845,2857,2861,2866,2870,2873,2893,2895,2953,2955,2963,2966,2970,3002,3004,3012,3015,3019,3024,3072,3074,3082,3086,3146,3148,3156,3159,3161,3165,3167,3191,3200,3216,3267,3269,3284,3295,3299,3302,3332,3339,3343,3348,3389,3391,3402,3405,3448,3450,3458,3462,3467,3489,3491,3500,3509,3513,3518,3540,3542,3612,3614,3661,3664,3667,3670,3752,3754,3785,3787,3791,3794,3798,3801,3805,3808,3812,3824,3828,3831,3833,3863],[10,2305,2301],{"id":2306},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2308,2309,2310,2313],{},"The ",[15,2311,2312],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2315,2316],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[40,2318,2319,2322,2325],{},[43,2320,2321],{},"a number without its negative sign",[43,2323,2324],{},"the distance between two numbers",[43,2326,2327],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2329,2330],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[288,2332,2334],{"id":2333},"quick-example","Quick example",[62,2336,2338],{"className":64,"code":2337,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2339,2340,2359,2374],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2341,2342,2344,2346,2349,2351,2354,2357],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2343,128],{"class":127},[71,2345,90],{"class":89},[71,2347,2348],{"class":127},"abs",[71,2350,90],{"class":89},[71,2352,2353],{"class":81},"-",[71,2355,2356],{"class":117},"7",[71,2358,204],{"class":89},[71,2360,2361,2363,2365,2367,2369,2372],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2362,128],{"class":127},[71,2364,90],{"class":89},[71,2366,2348],{"class":127},[71,2368,90],{"class":89},[71,2370,2371],{"class":117},"3.5",[71,2373,204],{"class":89},[71,2375,2376,2378,2380,2382,2384,2386,2388,2391,2393,2396],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,2377,128],{"class":127},[71,2379,90],{"class":89},[71,2381,2348],{"class":127},[71,2383,90],{"class":89},[71,2385,2353],{"class":81},[71,2387,630],{"class":117},[71,2389,2390],{"class":81},"+",[71,2392,640],{"class":117},[71,2394,2395],{"class":768},"j",[71,2397,204],{"class":89},[20,2399,209],{},[62,2401,2403],{"className":64,"code":2402,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2404,2405,2410,2415],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2406,2407],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2408,2409],{"class":117},"7\n",[71,2411,2412],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2413,2414],{"class":117},"3.5\n",[71,2416,2417],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,2418,2419],{"class":117},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2421,283,2422,2424],{},[15,2423,2312],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[288,2426,2428],{"id":2427},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2430,2431,2433],{},[15,2432,2312],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2435,2436],{},"That means:",[40,2438,2439,2442,2445],{},[43,2440,2441],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[43,2443,2444],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[43,2446,2447,2450,2451],{},[15,2448,2449],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2452,2449],{},[20,2454,2455],{},"Examples:",[40,2457,2458,2467,2475],{},[43,2459,2460,2463,2464],{},[15,2461,2462],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2465,2466],{},"5",[43,2468,2469,2463,2472],{},[15,2470,2471],{},"abs(9)",[15,2473,2474],{},"9",[43,2476,2477,2463,2480],{},[15,2478,2479],{},"abs(0)",[15,2481,2449],{},[20,2483,2484],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[288,2486,343],{"id":342},[20,2488,2489],{},"The syntax is:",[62,2491,2493],{"className":64,"code":2492,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"abs(x)\n",[15,2494,2495],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2496,2497,2499,2501,2503],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2498,2348],{"class":127},[71,2500,90],{"class":89},[71,2502,1986],{"class":133},[71,2504,121],{"class":89},[20,2506,2507],{},"Here:",[40,2509,2510,2527,2532],{},[43,2511,2512,2514,2515,2518,2519,2522,2523,2526],{},[15,2513,1986],{}," is usually an ",[15,2516,2517],{},"int",", ",[15,2520,2521],{},"float",", or ",[15,2524,2525],{},"complex"," number",[43,2528,2529,2531],{},[15,2530,2312],{}," returns a new value",[43,2533,2534],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2536,2537],{},"Example:",[62,2539,2541],{"className":64,"code":2540,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2542,2543,2556,2572,2576,2586],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2544,2545,2548,2550,2553],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2546,2547],{"class":77},"number ",[71,2549,82],{"class":81},[71,2551,2552],{"class":81}," -",[71,2554,2555],{"class":117},"12\n",[71,2557,2558,2560,2562,2565,2567,2570],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2559,1102],{"class":77},[71,2561,82],{"class":81},[71,2563,2564],{"class":127}," abs",[71,2566,90],{"class":89},[71,2568,2569],{"class":133},"number",[71,2571,121],{"class":89},[71,2573,2574],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,2575,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,2577,2578,2580,2582,2584],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,2579,128],{"class":127},[71,2581,90],{"class":89},[71,2583,2569],{"class":133},[71,2585,121],{"class":89},[71,2587,2588,2590,2592,2595],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,2589,128],{"class":127},[71,2591,90],{"class":89},[71,2593,2594],{"class":133},"result",[71,2596,121],{"class":89},[20,2598,209],{},[62,2600,2602],{"className":64,"code":2601,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"-12\n12\n",[15,2603,2604,2610],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2605,2606,2608],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2607,2353],{"class":81},[71,2609,2555],{"class":117},[71,2611,2612],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2613,2555],{"class":117},[20,2615,2616,2617,2619,2620,2623],{},"Notice that ",[15,2618,2569],{}," is still ",[15,2621,2622],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2625,2626,2627,2634],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[56,2628,2630,2633],{"href":2629},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2631,2632],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[288,2636,2638],{"id":2637},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2640,2641],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[62,2643,2645],{"className":64,"code":2644,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2646,2647,2664,2679],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2648,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2659,2662],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2650,128],{"class":127},[71,2652,90],{"class":89},[71,2654,2348],{"class":127},[71,2656,90],{"class":89},[71,2658,2353],{"class":81},[71,2660,2661],{"class":117},"10",[71,2663,204],{"class":89},[71,2665,2666,2668,2670,2672,2674,2677],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2667,128],{"class":127},[71,2669,90],{"class":89},[71,2671,2348],{"class":127},[71,2673,90],{"class":89},[71,2675,2676],{"class":117},"8",[71,2678,204],{"class":89},[71,2680,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2691,2694],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,2682,128],{"class":127},[71,2684,90],{"class":89},[71,2686,2348],{"class":127},[71,2688,90],{"class":89},[71,2690,2353],{"class":81},[71,2692,2693],{"class":117},"4.2",[71,2695,204],{"class":89},[20,2697,209],{},[62,2699,2701],{"className":64,"code":2700,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2702,2703,2708,2713],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2704,2705],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2706,2707],{"class":117},"10\n",[71,2709,2710],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2711,2712],{"class":117},"8\n",[71,2714,2715],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,2716,2717],{"class":117},"4.2\n",[20,2719,2720],{},"What each line does:",[40,2722,2723,2731,2738],{},[43,2724,2725,2728,2729],{},[15,2726,2727],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2730,2661],{},[43,2732,2733,2728,2736],{},[15,2734,2735],{},"abs(8)",[15,2737,2676],{},[43,2739,2740,2728,2743],{},[15,2741,2742],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2744,2693],{},[20,2746,2747,2748,60],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[56,2749,2751],{"href":2750},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[288,2753,2755],{"id":2754},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2757,2758,2760],{},[15,2759,2312],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2762,2763,2764,2766],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2765,2449],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2768,2537],{},[62,2770,2772],{"className":64,"code":2771,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2773,2774,2792],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2775,2776,2779,2781,2783,2786,2789],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2777,2778],{"class":77},"value ",[71,2780,82],{"class":81},[71,2782,701],{"class":117},[71,2784,2785],{"class":81}," +",[71,2787,2788],{"class":117}," 4",[71,2790,2791],{"class":768},"j\n",[71,2793,2794,2796,2798,2800,2802,2805],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2795,128],{"class":127},[71,2797,90],{"class":89},[71,2799,2348],{"class":127},[71,2801,90],{"class":89},[71,2803,2804],{"class":133},"value",[71,2806,204],{"class":89},[20,2808,209],{},[62,2810,2812],{"className":64,"code":2811,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"5.0\n",[15,2813,2814],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2815,2816],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2817,2811],{"class":117},[20,2819,2820,2821,2172],{},"Why ",[15,2822,2823],{},"5.0",[40,2825,2826,2831,2837],{},[43,2827,2828,2829],{},"the real part is ",[15,2830,640],{},[43,2832,2833,2834],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2835,2836],{},"4",[43,2838,2839,2840],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2841,2823],{},[20,2843,2844],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[40,2846,2847,2854],{},[43,2848,2849,2851,2852],{},[15,2850,2312],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2853,2521],{},[43,2855,2856],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[288,2858,2860],{"id":2859},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2862,2863,2864,60],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2865,2312],{},[350,2867,2869],{"id":2868},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2871,2872],{},"A very common pattern is:",[62,2874,2876],{"className":64,"code":2875,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2877,2878],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2879,2880,2882,2884,2887,2889,2891],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2881,2348],{"class":127},[71,2883,90],{"class":89},[71,2885,2886],{"class":133},"a ",[71,2888,2353],{"class":81},[71,2890,625],{"class":133},[71,2892,121],{"class":89},[20,2894,2537],{},[62,2896,2898],{"className":64,"code":2897,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2899,2900,2909,2919,2923,2942],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2901,2902,2904,2906],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2903,2886],{"class":77},[71,2905,82],{"class":81},[71,2907,2908],{"class":117}," 3\n",[71,2910,2911,2914,2916],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2912,2913],{"class":77},"b ",[71,2915,82],{"class":81},[71,2917,2918],{"class":117}," 10\n",[71,2920,2921],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,2922,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,2924,2925,2928,2930,2932,2934,2936,2938,2940],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,2926,2927],{"class":77},"distance ",[71,2929,82],{"class":81},[71,2931,2564],{"class":127},[71,2933,90],{"class":89},[71,2935,2886],{"class":133},[71,2937,2353],{"class":81},[71,2939,625],{"class":133},[71,2941,121],{"class":89},[71,2943,2944,2946,2948,2951],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,2945,128],{"class":127},[71,2947,90],{"class":89},[71,2949,2950],{"class":133},"distance",[71,2952,121],{"class":89},[20,2954,209],{},[62,2956,2957],{"className":64,"code":2409,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,2958,2959],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2960,2961],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2962,2409],{"class":117},[20,2964,2965],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[350,2967,2969],{"id":2968},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[62,2971,2973],{"className":64,"code":2972,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2974,2975,2987],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,2976,2977,2980,2982,2984],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,2978,2979],{"class":77},"temperature_change ",[71,2981,82],{"class":81},[71,2983,2552],{"class":81},[71,2985,2986],{"class":117},"6\n",[71,2988,2989,2991,2993,2995,2997,3000],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,2990,128],{"class":127},[71,2992,90],{"class":89},[71,2994,2348],{"class":127},[71,2996,90],{"class":89},[71,2998,2999],{"class":133},"temperature_change",[71,3001,204],{"class":89},[20,3003,209],{},[62,3005,3006],{"className":64,"code":2986,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,3007,3008],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3009,3010],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3011,2986],{"class":117},[20,3013,3014],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[350,3016,3018],{"id":3017},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3020,3021,3022,2634],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3023,2312],{},[62,3025,3027],{"className":64,"code":3026,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3028,3029,3041,3057,3061],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3030,3031,3034,3036,3038],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3032,3033],{"class":77},"balance_change ",[71,3035,82],{"class":81},[71,3037,2552],{"class":81},[71,3039,3040],{"class":117},"25\n",[71,3042,3043,3046,3048,3050,3052,3055],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3044,3045],{"class":77},"safe_value ",[71,3047,82],{"class":81},[71,3049,2564],{"class":127},[71,3051,90],{"class":89},[71,3053,3054],{"class":133},"balance_change",[71,3056,121],{"class":89},[71,3058,3059],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3060,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,3062,3063,3065,3067,3070],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,3064,128],{"class":127},[71,3066,90],{"class":89},[71,3068,3069],{"class":133},"safe_value",[71,3071,121],{"class":89},[20,3073,209],{},[62,3075,3076],{"className":64,"code":3040,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,3077,3078],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3079,3080],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3081,3040],{"class":117},[350,3083,3085],{"id":3084},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[62,3087,3089],{"className":64,"code":3088,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3090,3091,3101,3111,3115,3135],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3092,3093,3096,3098],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3094,3095],{"class":77},"guess ",[71,3097,82],{"class":81},[71,3099,3100],{"class":117}," 42\n",[71,3102,3103,3106,3108],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3104,3105],{"class":77},"target ",[71,3107,82],{"class":81},[71,3109,3110],{"class":117}," 50\n",[71,3112,3113],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3114,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,3116,3117,3120,3122,3124,3126,3128,3130,3133],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,3118,3119],{"class":77},"difference ",[71,3121,82],{"class":81},[71,3123,2564],{"class":127},[71,3125,90],{"class":89},[71,3127,3095],{"class":133},[71,3129,2353],{"class":81},[71,3131,3132],{"class":133}," target",[71,3134,121],{"class":89},[71,3136,3137,3139,3141,3144],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,3138,128],{"class":127},[71,3140,90],{"class":89},[71,3142,3143],{"class":133},"difference",[71,3145,121],{"class":89},[20,3147,209],{},[62,3149,3150],{"className":64,"code":2712,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,3151,3152],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3153,3154],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3155,2712],{"class":117},[20,3157,3158],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[288,3160,2054],{"id":2053},[350,3162,3164],{"id":3163},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3166,1052],{},[62,3168,3170],{"className":64,"code":3169,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3171,3172],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3173,3174,3176,3178,3180,3182,3185,3187,3189],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3175,128],{"class":127},[71,3177,90],{"class":89},[71,3179,2348],{"class":127},[71,3181,90],{"class":89},[71,3183,3184],{"class":99},"\"",[71,3186,2466],{"class":103},[71,3188,3184],{"class":99},[71,3190,204],{"class":89},[20,3192,3193,3196,3197,3199],{},[15,3194,3195],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3198,2312],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3201,3202,3203,3209,3210,228],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[56,3204,3206],{"href":3205},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3207,3208],{},"int()"," or ",[56,3211,3213],{"href":3212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3214,3215],{},"float()",[62,3217,3219],{"className":64,"code":3218,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3220,3221,3244],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3222,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233,3235,3237,3239,3241],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3224,128],{"class":127},[71,3226,90],{"class":89},[71,3228,2348],{"class":127},[71,3230,90],{"class":89},[71,3232,2517],{"class":85},[71,3234,90],{"class":89},[71,3236,3184],{"class":99},[71,3238,2466],{"class":103},[71,3240,3184],{"class":99},[71,3242,3243],{"class":89},")))\n",[71,3245,3246,3248,3250,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260,3263,3265],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3247,128],{"class":127},[71,3249,90],{"class":89},[71,3251,2348],{"class":127},[71,3253,90],{"class":89},[71,3255,2521],{"class":85},[71,3257,90],{"class":89},[71,3259,3184],{"class":99},[71,3261,3262],{"class":103},"-3.2",[71,3264,3184],{"class":99},[71,3266,3243],{"class":89},[20,3268,209],{},[62,3270,3272],{"className":64,"code":3271,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3273,3274,3279],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3275,3276],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3277,3278],{"class":117},"5\n",[71,3280,3281],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3282,3283],{"class":117},"3.2\n",[20,3285,3286,3287,3290,3291,60],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3288,3289],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[56,3292,3294],{"href":3293},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[350,3296,3298],{"id":3297},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3300,3301],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[62,3303,3305],{"className":64,"code":3304,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3306,3307],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3308,3309,3311,3313,3315,3318,3321,3323,3325,3327,3329],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3310,128],{"class":127},[71,3312,90],{"class":89},[71,3314,2348],{"class":127},[71,3316,3317],{"class":89},"([",[71,3319,3320],{"class":117},"1",[71,3322,109],{"class":89},[71,3324,183],{"class":117},[71,3326,109],{"class":89},[71,3328,701],{"class":117},[71,3330,3331],{"class":89},"]))\n",[20,3333,3334,3335,3338],{},"This raises a ",[15,3336,3337],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[350,3340,3342],{"id":3341},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3344,3345,3347],{},[15,3346,2312],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[62,3349,3351],{"className":64,"code":3350,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3352,3353,3365,3375,3379],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3354,3355,3358,3360,3362],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3356,3357],{"class":77},"x ",[71,3359,82],{"class":81},[71,3361,2552],{"class":81},[71,3363,3364],{"class":117},"9\n",[71,3366,3367,3369,3371,3373],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3368,2348],{"class":127},[71,3370,90],{"class":89},[71,3372,1986],{"class":133},[71,3374,121],{"class":89},[71,3376,3377],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3378,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,3380,3381,3383,3385,3387],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,3382,128],{"class":127},[71,3384,90],{"class":89},[71,3386,1986],{"class":133},[71,3388,121],{"class":89},[20,3390,209],{},[62,3392,3394],{"className":64,"code":3393,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"-9\n",[15,3395,3396],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3397,3398,3400],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3399,2353],{"class":81},[71,3401,3364],{"class":117},[20,3403,3404],{},"If you want to store the result:",[62,3406,3408],{"className":64,"code":3407,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3409,3410,3420,3434,3438],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3411,3412,3414,3416,3418],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3413,3357],{"class":77},[71,3415,82],{"class":81},[71,3417,2552],{"class":81},[71,3419,3364],{"class":117},[71,3421,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3423,3357],{"class":77},[71,3425,82],{"class":81},[71,3427,2564],{"class":127},[71,3429,90],{"class":89},[71,3431,1986],{"class":133},[71,3433,121],{"class":89},[71,3435,3436],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3437,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,3439,3440,3442,3444,3446],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,3441,128],{"class":127},[71,3443,90],{"class":89},[71,3445,1986],{"class":133},[71,3447,121],{"class":89},[20,3449,209],{},[62,3451,3452],{"className":64,"code":3364,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,3453,3454],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3455,3456],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3457,3364],{"class":117},[350,3459,3461],{"id":3460},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3463,3464,3466],{},[15,3465,2312],{}," does not round numbers.",[62,3468,3470],{"className":64,"code":3469,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3471,3472],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3473,3474,3476,3478,3480,3482,3484,3487],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3475,128],{"class":127},[71,3477,90],{"class":89},[71,3479,2348],{"class":127},[71,3481,90],{"class":89},[71,3483,2353],{"class":81},[71,3485,3486],{"class":117},"4.7",[71,3488,204],{"class":89},[20,3490,209],{},[62,3492,3494],{"className":64,"code":3493,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"4.7\n",[15,3495,3496],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3497,3498],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3499,3493],{"class":117},[20,3501,3502,3503,3505,3506,3508],{},"If you expected ",[15,3504,2466],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3507,2312],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[288,3510,3512],{"id":3511},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3514,3515,3517],{},[15,3516,2312],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[40,3519,3520,3527,3534],{},[43,3521,3522,3524,3525],{},[15,3523,2517],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3526,2517],{},[43,3528,3529,3531,3532],{},[15,3530,2521],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3533,2521],{},[43,3535,3536,3531,3538],{},[15,3537,2525],{},[15,3539,2521],{},[20,3541,2537],{},[62,3543,3545],{"className":64,"code":3544,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3546,3547,3567,3588],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3548,3549,3551,3553,3555,3557,3559,3561,3563,3565],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3550,128],{"class":127},[71,3552,90],{"class":89},[71,3554,735],{"class":85},[71,3556,90],{"class":89},[71,3558,2348],{"class":127},[71,3560,90],{"class":89},[71,3562,2353],{"class":81},[71,3564,2466],{"class":117},[71,3566,3243],{"class":89},[71,3568,3569,3571,3573,3575,3577,3579,3581,3583,3586],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3570,128],{"class":127},[71,3572,90],{"class":89},[71,3574,735],{"class":85},[71,3576,90],{"class":89},[71,3578,2348],{"class":127},[71,3580,90],{"class":89},[71,3582,2353],{"class":81},[71,3584,3585],{"class":117},"3.2",[71,3587,3243],{"class":89},[71,3589,3590,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3606,3608,3610],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3591,128],{"class":127},[71,3593,90],{"class":89},[71,3595,735],{"class":85},[71,3597,90],{"class":89},[71,3599,2348],{"class":127},[71,3601,90],{"class":89},[71,3603,640],{"class":117},[71,3605,2785],{"class":81},[71,3607,2788],{"class":117},[71,3609,2395],{"class":768},[71,3611,3243],{"class":89},[20,3613,209],{},[62,3615,3617],{"className":64,"code":3616,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3618,3619,3633,3647],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3620,3621,3623,3625,3627,3629,3631],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3622,765],{"class":81},[71,3624,769],{"class":768},[71,3626,231],{"class":99},[71,3628,2517],{"class":103},[71,3630,100],{"class":99},[71,3632,778],{"class":81},[71,3634,3635,3637,3639,3641,3643,3645],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3636,765],{"class":81},[71,3638,769],{"class":768},[71,3640,231],{"class":99},[71,3642,2521],{"class":103},[71,3644,100],{"class":99},[71,3646,778],{"class":81},[71,3648,3649,3651,3653,3655,3657,3659],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3650,765],{"class":81},[71,3652,769],{"class":768},[71,3654,231],{"class":99},[71,3656,2521],{"class":103},[71,3658,100],{"class":99},[71,3660,778],{"class":81},[20,3662,3663],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3665,3666],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3668,3669],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[62,3671,3673],{"className":64,"code":3672,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3674,3675,3690,3700,3714,3718,3732],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3676,3677,3679,3681,3684,3687],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3678,2778],{"class":77},[71,3680,82],{"class":81},[71,3682,3683],{"class":99}," \"",[71,3685,3686],{"class":103},"-5",[71,3688,3689],{"class":99},"\"\n",[71,3691,3692,3694,3696,3698],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3693,128],{"class":127},[71,3695,90],{"class":89},[71,3697,2804],{"class":133},[71,3699,121],{"class":89},[71,3701,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3703,128],{"class":127},[71,3705,90],{"class":89},[71,3707,735],{"class":85},[71,3709,90],{"class":89},[71,3711,2804],{"class":133},[71,3713,204],{"class":89},[71,3715,3716],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,3717,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,3719,3720,3723,3725,3727,3730],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,3721,3722],{"class":77},"user_input ",[71,3724,82],{"class":81},[71,3726,3683],{"class":99},[71,3728,3729],{"class":103},"-3.7",[71,3731,3689],{"class":99},[71,3733,3735,3737,3739,3741,3743,3745,3747,3750],{"class":73,"line":3734},6,[71,3736,128],{"class":127},[71,3738,90],{"class":89},[71,3740,2348],{"class":127},[71,3742,90],{"class":89},[71,3744,2521],{"class":85},[71,3746,90],{"class":89},[71,3748,3749],{"class":133},"user_input",[71,3751,3243],{"class":89},[20,3753,209],{},[62,3755,3757],{"className":64,"code":3756,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3758,3759,3765,3780],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3760,3761,3763],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3762,2353],{"class":81},[71,3764,3278],{"class":117},[71,3766,3767,3769,3771,3773,3776,3778],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3768,765],{"class":81},[71,3770,769],{"class":768},[71,3772,231],{"class":99},[71,3774,3775],{"class":103},"str",[71,3777,100],{"class":99},[71,3779,778],{"class":81},[71,3781,3782],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3783,3784],{"class":117},"3.7\n",[288,3786,2163],{"id":2162},[350,3788,3790],{"id":3789},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3792,3793],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[350,3795,3797],{"id":3796},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3799,3800],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[350,3802,3804],{"id":3803},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3806,3807],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[350,3809,3811],{"id":3810},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3813,3814,3816,3817,3209,3819,3821,3822,60],{},[15,3815,3289],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3818,3208],{},[15,3820,3215],{}," before using ",[15,3823,2312],{},[350,3825,3827],{"id":3826},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3829,3830],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[288,3832,2221],{"id":2220},[40,3834,3835,3842,3848,3854,3859],{},[43,3836,3837],{},[56,3838,3839,3841],{"href":3205},[15,3840,3208],{}," function explained",[43,3843,3844],{},[56,3845,3846,3841],{"href":3212},[15,3847,3215],{},[43,3849,3850],{},[56,3851,3852,3841],{"href":2629},[15,3853,2632],{},[43,3855,3856],{},[56,3857,3858],{"href":3293},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[43,3860,3861],{},[56,3862,2751],{"href":2750},[2250,3864,3865],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":3867},[3868,3869,3870,3871,3872,3873,3879,3885,3886,3893],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":2427,"depth":124,"text":2428},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":2637,"depth":124,"text":2638},{"id":2754,"depth":124,"text":2755},{"id":2859,"depth":124,"text":2860,"children":3874},[3875,3876,3877,3878],{"id":2868,"depth":139,"text":2869},{"id":2968,"depth":139,"text":2969},{"id":3017,"depth":139,"text":3018},{"id":3084,"depth":139,"text":3085},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":3880},[3881,3882,3883,3884],{"id":3163,"depth":139,"text":3164},{"id":3297,"depth":139,"text":3298},{"id":3341,"depth":139,"text":3342},{"id":3460,"depth":139,"text":3461},{"id":3511,"depth":124,"text":3512},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":3887},[3888,3889,3890,3891,3892],{"id":3789,"depth":139,"text":3790},{"id":3796,"depth":139,"text":3797},{"id":3803,"depth":139,"text":3804},{"id":3810,"depth":139,"text":3811},{"id":3826,"depth":139,"text":3827},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2301,"description":3894},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3901,"title":3902,"body":3903,"description":5606,"extension":2292,"meta":5607,"navigation":142,"path":5608,"seo":5609,"stem":5610,"__hash__":5611},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3904,"toc":5570},[3905,3911,3917,3920,3937,3941,3997,4007,4012,4016,4035,4038,4055,4058,4062,4070,4087,4090,4129,4132,4139,4145,4223,4225,4257,4263,4267,4271,4310,4312,4321,4328,4332,4371,4373,4382,4392,4396,4452,4454,4462,4465,4468,4515,4517,4525,4531,4538,4543,4546,4549,4616,4618,4626,4629,4696,4698,4706,4720,4723,4734,4738,4744,4747,4749,4765,4767,4775,4778,4781,4784,4801,4804,4807,4837,4839,4852,4856,4860,4862,4877,4882,4885,4912,4919,4922,4962,4969,4975,4983,4986,5038,5045,5109,5114,5123,5126,5144,5150,5153,5295,5301,5306,5309,5320,5323,5378,5380,5388,5391,5450,5452,5460,5463,5474,5476,5483,5492,5500,5503,5509,5512,5520,5533,5535,5567],[10,3906,13,3908,18],{"id":3907},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3909,3910],{},"all()",[20,3912,3913,3914,3916],{},"Python’s ",[15,3915,3910],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3918,3919],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[40,3921,3922,3925,3928],{},[43,3923,3924],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[43,3926,3927],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[43,3929,3930,2728,3933,3936],{},[15,3931,3932],{},"all([])",[15,3934,3935],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[288,3938,3940],{"id":3939},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[62,3942,3944],{"className":64,"code":3943,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3945,3946,3967,3983],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,3947,3948,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961,3963,3965],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,3949,3950],{"class":77},"numbers ",[71,3952,82],{"class":81},[71,3954,1740],{"class":89},[71,3956,3320],{"class":117},[71,3958,109],{"class":89},[71,3960,183],{"class":117},[71,3962,109],{"class":89},[71,3964,701],{"class":117},[71,3966,1757],{"class":89},[71,3968,3969,3971,3973,3976,3978,3981],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,3970,1102],{"class":77},[71,3972,82],{"class":81},[71,3974,3975],{"class":127}," all",[71,3977,90],{"class":89},[71,3979,3980],{"class":133},"numbers",[71,3982,121],{"class":89},[71,3984,3985,3987,3989,3991,3994],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,3986,128],{"class":127},[71,3988,90],{"class":89},[71,3990,2594],{"class":133},[71,3992,3993],{"class":89},")",[71,3995,3996],{"class":1439},"  # True\n",[20,3998,3999,2728,4001,4003,4004,60],{},[15,4000,3910],{},[15,4002,3935],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4005,4006],{},"False",[288,4008,291,4010,294],{"id":4009},"what-all-does",[15,4011,3910],{},[20,4013,4014,228],{},[15,4015,3910],{},[40,4017,4018,4021,4027,4032],{},[43,4019,4020],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[43,4022,4023,4024,4026],{},"returns ",[15,4025,3935],{}," if all items are truthy",[43,4028,4023,4029,4031],{},[15,4030,4006],{}," if any item is falsy",[43,4033,4034],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4036,4037],{},"Basic syntax:",[62,4039,4041],{"className":64,"code":4040,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4042,4043],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4044,4045,4048,4050,4053],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4046,4047],{"class":127},"all",[71,4049,90],{"class":89},[71,4051,4052],{"class":133},"iterable",[71,4054,121],{"class":89},[20,4056,4057],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[288,4059,4061],{"id":4060},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4063,4064,4065,3209,4067,4069],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4066,3935],{},[15,4068,4006],{}," in conditions.",[40,4071,4072,4080],{},[43,4073,4074,4077,4078],{},[30,4075,4076],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4079,3935],{},[43,4081,4082,4077,4085],{},[30,4083,4084],{},"Falsy",[15,4086,4006],{},[20,4088,4089],{},"Common falsy values include:",[40,4091,4092,4096,4101,4106,4111,4115,4120,4124],{},[43,4093,4094],{},[15,4095,2449],{},[43,4097,4098],{},[15,4099,4100],{},"0.0",[43,4102,4103],{},[15,4104,4105],{},"''",[43,4107,4108],{},[15,4109,4110],{},"None",[43,4112,4113],{},[15,4114,4006],{},[43,4116,4117],{},[15,4118,4119],{},"[]",[43,4121,4122],{},[15,4123,805],{},[43,4125,4126],{},[15,4127,4128],{},"set()",[20,4130,4131],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4133,4134,4135,60],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[56,4136,4138],{"href":4137},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4140,4141,4142,228],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4143,4144],{},"bool()",[62,4146,4148],{"className":64,"code":4147,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4149,4150,4188,4192],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4151,4152,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163,4166,4168,4171,4173,4175,4178,4180,4182,4186],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4153,4154],{"class":77},"values ",[71,4156,82],{"class":81},[71,4158,1740],{"class":89},[71,4160,3320],{"class":117},[71,4162,109],{"class":89},[71,4164,4165],{"class":117}," 0",[71,4167,109],{"class":89},[71,4169,4170],{"class":99}," ''",[71,4172,109],{"class":89},[71,4174,231],{"class":99},[71,4176,4177],{"class":103},"hello",[71,4179,100],{"class":99},[71,4181,109],{"class":89},[71,4183,4185],{"class":4184},"s39Yj"," None",[71,4187,1757],{"class":89},[71,4189,4190],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4191,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,4193,4194,4196,4198,4201,4203,4205,4207,4211,4214,4217,4220],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,4195,128],{"class":127},[71,4197,3317],{"class":89},[71,4199,4200],{"class":85},"bool",[71,4202,90],{"class":89},[71,4204,1986],{"class":133},[71,4206,3993],{"class":89},[71,4208,4210],{"class":4209},"sVHd0"," for",[71,4212,4213],{"class":133}," x ",[71,4215,4216],{"class":4209},"in",[71,4218,4219],{"class":133}," values",[71,4221,4222],{"class":89},"])\n",[20,4224,209],{},[62,4226,4228],{"className":64,"code":4227,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4229,4230],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4231,4232,4235,4237,4239,4242,4244,4246,4248,4251,4253,4255],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4233,4234],{"class":89},"[",[71,4236,3935],{"class":4184},[71,4238,109],{"class":89},[71,4240,4241],{"class":4184}," False",[71,4243,109],{"class":89},[71,4245,4241],{"class":4184},[71,4247,109],{"class":89},[71,4249,4250],{"class":4184}," True",[71,4252,109],{"class":89},[71,4254,4241],{"class":4184},[71,4256,1757],{"class":89},[20,4258,4259,4260,4262],{},"This matters because ",[15,4261,3910],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[288,4264,4266],{"id":4265},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[350,4268,4270],{"id":4269},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[62,4272,4274],{"className":64,"code":4273,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4275,4276,4296],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4277,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4279,3950],{"class":77},[71,4281,82],{"class":81},[71,4283,1740],{"class":89},[71,4285,3320],{"class":117},[71,4287,109],{"class":89},[71,4289,183],{"class":117},[71,4291,109],{"class":89},[71,4293,701],{"class":117},[71,4295,1757],{"class":89},[71,4297,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4299,128],{"class":127},[71,4301,90],{"class":89},[71,4303,4047],{"class":127},[71,4305,90],{"class":89},[71,4307,3980],{"class":133},[71,4309,204],{"class":89},[20,4311,209],{},[62,4313,4315],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\n",[15,4316,4317],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4318,4319],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4320,4314],{"class":4184},[20,4322,4323,4324,2728,4326,60],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4325,3910],{},[15,4327,3935],{},[350,4329,4331],{"id":4330},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[62,4333,4335],{"className":64,"code":4334,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4336,4337,4357],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4338,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4340,3950],{"class":77},[71,4342,82],{"class":81},[71,4344,1740],{"class":89},[71,4346,3320],{"class":117},[71,4348,109],{"class":89},[71,4350,4165],{"class":117},[71,4352,109],{"class":89},[71,4354,701],{"class":117},[71,4356,1757],{"class":89},[71,4358,4359,4361,4363,4365,4367,4369],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4360,128],{"class":127},[71,4362,90],{"class":89},[71,4364,4047],{"class":127},[71,4366,90],{"class":89},[71,4368,3980],{"class":133},[71,4370,204],{"class":89},[20,4372,209],{},[62,4374,4376],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"False\n",[15,4377,4378],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4379,4380],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4381,4375],{"class":4184},[20,4383,4384,4385,4387,4388,2728,4390,60],{},"The value ",[15,4386,2449],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4389,3910],{},[15,4391,4006],{},[350,4393,4395],{"id":4394},"example-strings","Example: strings",[62,4397,4399],{"className":64,"code":4398,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4400,4401,4437],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4402,4403,4406,4408,4410,4412,4415,4417,4419,4421,4424,4426,4428,4430,4433,4435],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4404,4405],{"class":77},"words ",[71,4407,82],{"class":81},[71,4409,1740],{"class":89},[71,4411,100],{"class":99},[71,4413,4414],{"class":103},"apple",[71,4416,100],{"class":99},[71,4418,109],{"class":89},[71,4420,231],{"class":99},[71,4422,4423],{"class":103},"banana",[71,4425,100],{"class":99},[71,4427,109],{"class":89},[71,4429,231],{"class":99},[71,4431,4432],{"class":103},"cherry",[71,4434,100],{"class":99},[71,4436,1757],{"class":89},[71,4438,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4450],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4440,128],{"class":127},[71,4442,90],{"class":89},[71,4444,4047],{"class":127},[71,4446,90],{"class":89},[71,4448,4449],{"class":133},"words",[71,4451,204],{"class":89},[20,4453,209],{},[62,4455,4456],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,4457,4458],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4459,4460],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4461,4314],{"class":4184},[20,4463,4464],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4466,4467],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[62,4469,4471],{"className":64,"code":4470,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4472,4473,4501],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4474,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4476,4405],{"class":77},[71,4478,82],{"class":81},[71,4480,1740],{"class":89},[71,4482,100],{"class":99},[71,4484,4414],{"class":103},[71,4486,100],{"class":99},[71,4488,109],{"class":89},[71,4490,4170],{"class":99},[71,4492,109],{"class":89},[71,4494,231],{"class":99},[71,4496,4432],{"class":103},[71,4498,100],{"class":99},[71,4500,1757],{"class":89},[71,4502,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4504,128],{"class":127},[71,4506,90],{"class":89},[71,4508,4047],{"class":127},[71,4510,90],{"class":89},[71,4512,4449],{"class":133},[71,4514,204],{"class":89},[20,4516,209],{},[62,4518,4519],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,4520,4521],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4522,4523],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4524,4375],{"class":4184},[20,4526,4527,4528,4530],{},"The empty string ",[15,4529,4105],{}," is falsy.",[288,4532,4534,4535,4537],{"id":4533},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4536,3910],{}," works with conditions",[20,4539,4540,4542],{},[15,4541,3910],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4544,4545],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4547,4548],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[62,4550,4552],{"className":64,"code":4551,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4553,4554,4574,4602,4606],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4555,4556,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4557,3950],{"class":77},[71,4559,82],{"class":81},[71,4561,1740],{"class":89},[71,4563,3320],{"class":117},[71,4565,109],{"class":89},[71,4567,183],{"class":117},[71,4569,109],{"class":89},[71,4571,701],{"class":117},[71,4573,1757],{"class":89},[71,4575,4576,4578,4580,4582,4584,4586,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4600],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4577,1102],{"class":77},[71,4579,82],{"class":81},[71,4581,3975],{"class":127},[71,4583,90],{"class":89},[71,4585,3357],{"class":133},[71,4587,4588],{"class":81},">",[71,4590,4165],{"class":117},[71,4592,4210],{"class":4209},[71,4594,4213],{"class":133},[71,4596,4216],{"class":4209},[71,4598,4599],{"class":133}," numbers",[71,4601,121],{"class":89},[71,4603,4604],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,4605,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,4607,4608,4610,4612,4614],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,4609,128],{"class":127},[71,4611,90],{"class":89},[71,4613,2594],{"class":133},[71,4615,121],{"class":89},[20,4617,209],{},[62,4619,4620],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,4621,4622],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4623,4624],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4625,4314],{"class":4184},[20,4627,4628],{},"Here is one that fails:",[62,4630,4632],{"className":64,"code":4631,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4633,4634,4656,4682,4686],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4635,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4637,3950],{"class":77},[71,4639,82],{"class":81},[71,4641,1740],{"class":89},[71,4643,3320],{"class":117},[71,4645,109],{"class":89},[71,4647,2552],{"class":81},[71,4649,630],{"class":117},[71,4651,109],{"class":89},[71,4653,701],{"class":117},[71,4655,1757],{"class":89},[71,4657,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4659,1102],{"class":77},[71,4661,82],{"class":81},[71,4663,3975],{"class":127},[71,4665,90],{"class":89},[71,4667,3357],{"class":133},[71,4669,4588],{"class":81},[71,4671,4165],{"class":117},[71,4673,4210],{"class":4209},[71,4675,4213],{"class":133},[71,4677,4216],{"class":4209},[71,4679,4599],{"class":133},[71,4681,121],{"class":89},[71,4683,4684],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,4685,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,4687,4688,4690,4692,4694],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,4689,128],{"class":127},[71,4691,90],{"class":89},[71,4693,2594],{"class":133},[71,4695,121],{"class":89},[20,4697,209],{},[62,4699,4700],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,4701,4702],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4703,4704],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4705,4375],{"class":4184},[20,4707,4708,4709,4712,4713,4715,4716,2728,4718,60],{},"The expression ",[15,4710,4711],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4714,3935],{},", then ",[15,4717,3910],{},[15,4719,3935],{},[20,4721,4722],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4724,4725,4726,1560,4730,60],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[56,4727,4729],{"href":4728},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[56,4731,4733],{"href":4732},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[288,4735,4737],{"id":4736},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4739,4740,2728,4742,60],{},[15,4741,3932],{},[15,4743,3935],{},[20,4745,4746],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4748,2537],{},[62,4750,4752],{"className":64,"code":4751,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4753,4754],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4755,4756,4758,4760,4762],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4757,128],{"class":127},[71,4759,90],{"class":89},[71,4761,4047],{"class":127},[71,4763,4764],{"class":89},"([]))\n",[20,4766,209],{},[62,4768,4769],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,4770,4771],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4772,4773],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4774,4314],{"class":4184},[20,4776,4777],{},"Why?",[20,4779,4780],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4782,4783],{},"Think of it this way:",[40,4785,4786,4793,4796],{},[43,4787,4788,2728,4790,4792],{},[15,4789,3910],{},[15,4791,4006],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[43,4794,4795],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[43,4797,4798,4799],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4800,4006],{},[20,4802,4803],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4805,4806],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[62,4808,4810],{"className":64,"code":4809,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4811,4812,4823],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4813,4814,4816,4818,4820],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4815,128],{"class":127},[71,4817,90],{"class":89},[71,4819,4047],{"class":127},[71,4821,4822],{"class":89},"(()))\n",[71,4824,4825,4827,4829,4831,4833,4835],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4826,128],{"class":127},[71,4828,90],{"class":89},[71,4830,4047],{"class":127},[71,4832,90],{"class":89},[71,4834,4105],{"class":99},[71,4836,204],{"class":89},[20,4838,209],{},[62,4840,4842],{"className":64,"code":4841,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4843,4844,4848],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4845,4846],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4847,4314],{"class":4184},[71,4849,4850],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4851,4314],{"class":4184},[288,4853,4855],{"id":4854},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[350,4857,4859],{"id":4858},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4861,1725],{},[62,4863,4865],{"className":64,"code":4864,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4866,4867,4872],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4868,4869],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4870,4871],{"class":1439},"# Wrong\n",[71,4873,4874],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4875,4876],{"class":1439},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4878,4879,4881],{},[15,4880,3910],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4883,4884],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[62,4886,4888],{"className":64,"code":4887,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4889,4890],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4891,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4893,128],{"class":127},[71,4895,90],{"class":89},[71,4897,4047],{"class":127},[71,4899,3317],{"class":89},[71,4901,3320],{"class":117},[71,4903,109],{"class":89},[71,4905,183],{"class":117},[71,4907,109],{"class":89},[71,4909,701],{"class":117},[71,4911,3331],{"class":89},[350,4913,4915,4916,4918],{"id":4914},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4917,3910],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4920,4921],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[62,4923,4925],{"className":64,"code":4924,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4926,4927,4948],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4928,4929,4931,4933,4935,4937,4939,4942,4944,4946],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4930,3950],{"class":77},[71,4932,82],{"class":81},[71,4934,1740],{"class":89},[71,4936,2466],{"class":117},[71,4938,109],{"class":89},[71,4940,4941],{"class":117}," 5",[71,4943,109],{"class":89},[71,4945,4941],{"class":117},[71,4947,1757],{"class":89},[71,4949,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,4951,128],{"class":127},[71,4953,90],{"class":89},[71,4955,4047],{"class":127},[71,4957,90],{"class":89},[71,4959,3980],{"class":133},[71,4961,204],{"class":89},[20,4963,4964,4965,4968],{},"This does ",[30,4966,4967],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4970,4971,4972,4974],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4973,2466],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[62,4976,4977],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,4978,4979],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4980,4981],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4982,4314],{"class":4184},[20,4984,4985],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[62,4987,4989],{"className":64,"code":4988,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4990,4991,5011],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,4992,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,4994,3950],{"class":77},[71,4996,82],{"class":81},[71,4998,1740],{"class":89},[71,5000,2466],{"class":117},[71,5002,109],{"class":89},[71,5004,4941],{"class":117},[71,5006,109],{"class":89},[71,5008,4941],{"class":117},[71,5010,1757],{"class":89},[71,5012,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,5014,128],{"class":127},[71,5016,90],{"class":89},[71,5018,4047],{"class":127},[71,5020,90],{"class":89},[71,5022,3357],{"class":133},[71,5024,5025],{"class":81},"==",[71,5027,4941],{"class":117},[71,5029,4210],{"class":4209},[71,5031,4213],{"class":133},[71,5033,4216],{"class":4209},[71,5035,4599],{"class":133},[71,5037,204],{"class":89},[350,5039,5041,5042,5044],{"id":5040},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5043,2449],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[62,5046,5048],{"className":64,"code":5047,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5049,5050,5076],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5051,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5073],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5053,128],{"class":127},[71,5055,90],{"class":89},[71,5057,4047],{"class":127},[71,5059,3317],{"class":89},[71,5061,3320],{"class":117},[71,5063,109],{"class":89},[71,5065,183],{"class":117},[71,5067,109],{"class":89},[71,5069,4165],{"class":117},[71,5071,5072],{"class":89},"]))",[71,5074,5075],{"class":1439},"       # False\n",[71,5077,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5102,5104,5106],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,5079,128],{"class":127},[71,5081,90],{"class":89},[71,5083,4047],{"class":127},[71,5085,3317],{"class":89},[71,5087,100],{"class":99},[71,5089,56],{"class":103},[71,5091,100],{"class":99},[71,5093,109],{"class":89},[71,5095,231],{"class":99},[71,5097,176],{"class":103},[71,5099,100],{"class":99},[71,5101,109],{"class":89},[71,5103,4170],{"class":99},[71,5105,5072],{"class":89},[71,5107,5108],{"class":1439},"  # False\n",[20,5110,5111,5112,60],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5113,4006],{},[350,5115,5117,5118,5120,5121],{"id":5116},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5119,3932],{}," is ",[15,5122,3935],{},[20,5124,5125],{},"This is expected behavior:",[62,5127,5129],{"className":64,"code":5128,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5130,5131],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5132,5133,5135,5137,5139,5142],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5134,128],{"class":127},[71,5136,90],{"class":89},[71,5138,4047],{"class":127},[71,5140,5141],{"class":89},"([]))",[71,5143,3996],{"class":1439},[20,5145,5146,5147,5149],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5148,3935],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5151,5152],{},"Useful quick tests:",[62,5154,5156],{"className":64,"code":5155,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5157,5158,5180,5202,5249,5285],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5159,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176,5178],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5161,128],{"class":127},[71,5163,90],{"class":89},[71,5165,4047],{"class":127},[71,5167,3317],{"class":89},[71,5169,3320],{"class":117},[71,5171,109],{"class":89},[71,5173,183],{"class":117},[71,5175,109],{"class":89},[71,5177,701],{"class":117},[71,5179,3331],{"class":89},[71,5181,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,5183,128],{"class":127},[71,5185,90],{"class":89},[71,5187,4047],{"class":127},[71,5189,3317],{"class":89},[71,5191,3320],{"class":117},[71,5193,109],{"class":89},[71,5195,4165],{"class":117},[71,5197,109],{"class":89},[71,5199,701],{"class":117},[71,5201,3331],{"class":89},[71,5203,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242,5244,5246],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,5205,128],{"class":127},[71,5207,3317],{"class":89},[71,5209,4200],{"class":85},[71,5211,90],{"class":89},[71,5213,1986],{"class":133},[71,5215,3993],{"class":89},[71,5217,4210],{"class":4209},[71,5219,4213],{"class":133},[71,5221,4216],{"class":4209},[71,5223,1740],{"class":89},[71,5225,3320],{"class":117},[71,5227,109],{"class":89},[71,5229,4165],{"class":117},[71,5231,109],{"class":89},[71,5233,4170],{"class":99},[71,5235,109],{"class":89},[71,5237,231],{"class":99},[71,5239,4177],{"class":103},[71,5241,100],{"class":99},[71,5243,109],{"class":89},[71,5245,4185],{"class":4184},[71,5247,5248],{"class":89},"]])\n",[71,5250,5251,5253,5255,5257,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271,5273,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,5252,128],{"class":127},[71,5254,90],{"class":89},[71,5256,4047],{"class":127},[71,5258,90],{"class":89},[71,5260,3357],{"class":133},[71,5262,4588],{"class":81},[71,5264,4165],{"class":117},[71,5266,4210],{"class":4209},[71,5268,4213],{"class":133},[71,5270,4216],{"class":4209},[71,5272,1740],{"class":89},[71,5274,3320],{"class":117},[71,5276,109],{"class":89},[71,5278,183],{"class":117},[71,5280,109],{"class":89},[71,5282,701],{"class":117},[71,5284,3331],{"class":89},[71,5286,5287,5289,5291,5293],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,5288,128],{"class":127},[71,5290,90],{"class":89},[71,5292,4047],{"class":127},[71,5294,4764],{"class":89},[288,5296,5298,5299],{"id":5297},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5300,3910],{},[20,5302,5303,5305],{},[15,5304,3910],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5307,5308],{},"Common use cases:",[40,5310,5311,5314,5317],{},[43,5312,5313],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[43,5315,5316],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[43,5318,5319],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5321,5322],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[62,5324,5326],{"className":64,"code":5325,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5327,5328,5363],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5329,5330,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347,5350,5352,5354,5356,5359,5361],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5331,5332],{"class":77},"names ",[71,5334,82],{"class":81},[71,5336,1740],{"class":89},[71,5338,100],{"class":99},[71,5340,104],{"class":103},[71,5342,100],{"class":99},[71,5344,109],{"class":89},[71,5346,231],{"class":99},[71,5348,5349],{"class":103},"Bob",[71,5351,100],{"class":99},[71,5353,109],{"class":89},[71,5355,231],{"class":99},[71,5357,5358],{"class":103},"Charlie",[71,5360,100],{"class":99},[71,5362,1757],{"class":89},[71,5364,5365,5367,5369,5371,5373,5376],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,5366,128],{"class":127},[71,5368,90],{"class":89},[71,5370,4047],{"class":127},[71,5372,90],{"class":89},[71,5374,5375],{"class":133},"names",[71,5377,204],{"class":89},[20,5379,209],{},[62,5381,5382],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,5383,5384],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5385,5386],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5387,4314],{"class":4184},[20,5389,5390],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[62,5392,5394],{"className":64,"code":5393,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5395,5396,5420],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5397,5398,5401,5403,5405,5408,5410,5413,5415,5418],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5399,5400],{"class":77},"scores ",[71,5402,82],{"class":81},[71,5404,1740],{"class":89},[71,5406,5407],{"class":117},"75",[71,5409,109],{"class":89},[71,5411,5412],{"class":117}," 80",[71,5414,109],{"class":89},[71,5416,5417],{"class":117}," 50",[71,5419,1757],{"class":89},[71,5421,5422,5424,5426,5428,5430,5433,5436,5438,5440,5443,5445,5448],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,5423,128],{"class":127},[71,5425,90],{"class":89},[71,5427,4047],{"class":127},[71,5429,90],{"class":89},[71,5431,5432],{"class":133},"score ",[71,5434,5435],{"class":81},">=",[71,5437,5417],{"class":117},[71,5439,4210],{"class":4209},[71,5441,5442],{"class":133}," score ",[71,5444,4216],{"class":4209},[71,5446,5447],{"class":133}," scores",[71,5449,204],{"class":89},[20,5451,209],{},[62,5453,5454],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,5455,5456],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5457,5458],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5459,4314],{"class":4184},[20,5461,5462],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5464,5465,5466,1560,5470,60],{},"For related tasks, see ",[56,5467,5469],{"href":5468},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[56,5471,5473],{"href":5472},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[288,5475,2163],{"id":2162},[350,5477,5479,5480,5482],{"id":5478},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5481,3910],{}," return in Python?",[20,5484,5485,5486,5488,5489,5491],{},"It returns ",[15,5487,3935],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5490,4006],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[350,5493,2196,5495,5497,5498,2172],{"id":5494},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5496,3932],{}," return ",[15,5499,3935],{},[20,5501,5502],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[350,5504,2184,5506,5508],{"id":5505},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5507,3910],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5510,5511],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[350,5513,2167,5515,1560,5517,2172],{"id":5514},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5516,3910],{},[15,5518,5519],{},"any()",[20,5521,5522,5524,5525,5527,5528,60],{},[15,5523,3910],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5526,5519],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[56,5529,13,5531,3841],{"href":5530},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5532,5519],{},[288,5534,2221],{"id":2220},[40,5536,5537,5543,5547,5552,5557,5562],{},[43,5538,5539],{},[56,5540,13,5541,3841],{"href":5530},[15,5542,5519],{},[43,5544,5545],{},[56,5546,4138],{"href":4137},[43,5548,5549],{},[56,5550,5551],{"href":5472},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[43,5553,5554],{},[56,5555,5556],{"href":5468},"How to filter a list in Python",[43,5558,5559],{},[56,5560,5561],{"href":4728},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[43,5563,5564],{},[56,5565,5566],{"href":4732},"What is an iterable in Python",[2250,5568,5569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":5571},[5572,5573,5575,5576,5581,5583,5584,5593,5595,5605],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":4009,"depth":124,"text":5574},"What all() does",{"id":4060,"depth":124,"text":4061},{"id":4265,"depth":124,"text":4266,"children":5577},[5578,5579,5580],{"id":4269,"depth":139,"text":4270},{"id":4330,"depth":139,"text":4331},{"id":4394,"depth":139,"text":4395},{"id":4533,"depth":124,"text":5582},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4736,"depth":124,"text":4737},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":5585},[5586,5587,5589,5591],{"id":4858,"depth":139,"text":4859},{"id":4914,"depth":139,"text":5588},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5040,"depth":139,"text":5590},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5116,"depth":139,"text":5592},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5297,"depth":124,"text":5594},"When to use all()",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":5596},[5597,5599,5601,5603],{"id":5478,"depth":139,"text":5598},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5494,"depth":139,"text":5600},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5505,"depth":139,"text":5602},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5514,"depth":139,"text":5604},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3902,"description":5606},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5613,"title":5614,"body":5615,"description":7307,"extension":2292,"meta":7308,"navigation":142,"path":5530,"seo":7309,"stem":7310,"__hash__":7311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5616,"toc":7285},[5617,5620,5628,5631,5648,5656,5700,5709,5713,5718,5721,5738,5741,5752,5764,5768,5771,5786,5791,5794,5806,5809,5893,5896,5917,5923,5925,5933,5947,5949,5983,5985,5988,6049,6051,6068,6071,6098,6100,6108,6120,6124,6127,6166,6168,6176,6178,6194,6202,6205,6248,6250,6258,6263,6267,6275,6278,6305,6308,6311,6385,6387,6395,6402,6426,6437,6440,6519,6521,6529,6536,6540,6545,6560,6562,6570,6573,6579,6582,6628,6630,6647,6651,6656,6667,6670,6785,6788,6847,6853,6855,6860,6864,6866,6885,6891,6894,6913,6917,6926,6953,6955,6963,6971,6975,6981,7004,7006,7014,7021,7025,7028,7079,7082,7133,7136,7138,7142,7149,7153,7160,7164,7172,7176,7179,7201,7203,7253,7255,7282],[10,5618,5614],{"id":5619},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5621,5622,5624,5625,60],{},[15,5623,5519],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[30,5626,5627],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5629,5630],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[40,5632,5633,5636,5639,5642,5645],{},[43,5634,5635],{},"lists",[43,5637,5638],{},"tuples",[43,5640,5641],{},"sets",[43,5643,5644],{},"strings",[43,5646,5647],{},"generator expressions",[20,5649,5650,5651,3209,5653,5655],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5652,3935],{},[15,5654,4006],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[62,5657,5659],{"className":64,"code":5658,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5660,5661,5681],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5662,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5677,5679],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5664,4154],{"class":77},[71,5666,82],{"class":81},[71,5668,1740],{"class":89},[71,5670,2449],{"class":117},[71,5672,109],{"class":89},[71,5674,4170],{"class":99},[71,5676,109],{"class":89},[71,5678,4941],{"class":117},[71,5680,1757],{"class":89},[71,5682,5683,5685,5687,5690,5692,5695,5698],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,5684,128],{"class":127},[71,5686,90],{"class":89},[71,5688,5689],{"class":127},"any",[71,5691,90],{"class":89},[71,5693,5694],{"class":133},"values",[71,5696,5697],{"class":89},"))",[71,5699,3996],{"class":1439},[20,5701,283,5702,5705,5706,5708],{},[15,5703,5704],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5707,3935],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[288,5710,5712],{"id":5711},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5714,5715,5717],{},[15,5716,5519],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5719,5720],{},"It returns:",[40,5722,5723,5728,5733],{},[43,5724,5725,5727],{},[15,5726,3935],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[43,5729,5730,5732],{},[15,5731,4006],{}," if all items are falsy",[43,5734,5735,5737],{},[15,5736,4006],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5739,5740],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[40,5742,5743,5746,5749],{},[43,5744,5745],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[43,5747,5748],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[43,5750,5751],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5753,5754,5755,5758,5759,60],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[30,5756,5757],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[56,5760,5762],{"href":5761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5763,3910],{},[288,5765,5767],{"id":5766},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5769,5770],{},"The syntax is simple:",[62,5772,5774],{"className":64,"code":5773,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5775,5776],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5777,5778,5780,5782,5784],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5779,5689],{"class":127},[71,5781,90],{"class":89},[71,5783,4052],{"class":133},[71,5785,121],{"class":89},[20,5787,5788,5789,60],{},"The argument must be an ",[30,5790,4052],{},[20,5792,5793],{},"Common inputs include:",[40,5795,5796,5798,5800,5802,5804],{},[43,5797,5635],{},[43,5799,5638],{},[43,5801,5641],{},[43,5803,5644],{},[43,5805,5647],{},[20,5807,5808],{},"For example:",[62,5810,5812],{"className":64,"code":5811,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5813,5814,5836,5855,5875],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5815,5816,5818,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5834],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5817,128],{"class":127},[71,5819,90],{"class":89},[71,5821,5689],{"class":127},[71,5823,3317],{"class":89},[71,5825,2449],{"class":117},[71,5827,109],{"class":89},[71,5829,4165],{"class":117},[71,5831,109],{"class":89},[71,5833,165],{"class":117},[71,5835,3331],{"class":89},[71,5837,5838,5840,5842,5844,5847,5849,5851,5853],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,5839,128],{"class":127},[71,5841,90],{"class":89},[71,5843,5689],{"class":127},[71,5845,5846],{"class":89},"((",[71,5848,4006],{"class":4184},[71,5850,109],{"class":89},[71,5852,4241],{"class":4184},[71,5854,3243],{"class":89},[71,5856,5857,5859,5861,5863,5866,5868,5870,5872],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,5858,128],{"class":127},[71,5860,90],{"class":89},[71,5862,5689],{"class":127},[71,5864,5865],{"class":89},"({",[71,5867,2449],{"class":117},[71,5869,109],{"class":89},[71,5871,183],{"class":117},[71,5873,5874],{"class":89},"}))\n",[71,5876,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887,5889,5891],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,5878,128],{"class":127},[71,5880,90],{"class":89},[71,5882,5689],{"class":127},[71,5884,90],{"class":89},[71,5886,3184],{"class":99},[71,5888,4177],{"class":103},[71,5890,3184],{"class":99},[71,5892,204],{"class":89},[20,5894,5895],{},"Expected output:",[62,5897,5899],{"className":64,"code":5898,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5900,5901,5905,5909,5913],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5902,5903],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5904,4314],{"class":4184},[71,5906,5907],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,5908,4375],{"class":4184},[71,5910,5911],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,5912,4314],{"class":4184},[71,5914,5915],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,5916,4314],{"class":4184},[20,5918,5919,5920,60],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[56,5921,5473],{"href":5922},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[288,5924,4061],{"id":4060},[20,5926,4064,5927,3209,5930,4069],{},[30,5928,5929],{},"truthy",[30,5931,5932],{},"falsy",[40,5934,5935,5941],{},[43,5936,5937,4077,5939],{},[30,5938,4076],{},[15,5940,3935],{},[43,5942,5943,4077,5945],{},[30,5944,4084],{},[15,5946,4006],{},[20,5948,4089],{},[40,5950,5951,5955,5959,5963,5967,5971,5975,5979],{},[43,5952,5953],{},[15,5954,4006],{},[43,5956,5957],{},[15,5958,2449],{},[43,5960,5961],{},[15,5962,4100],{},[43,5964,5965],{},[15,5966,4105],{},[43,5968,5969],{},[15,5970,4119],{},[43,5972,5973],{},[15,5974,805],{},[43,5976,5977],{},[15,5978,4128],{},[43,5980,5981],{},[15,5982,4110],{},[20,5984,4131],{},[20,5986,5987],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[62,5989,5991],{"className":64,"code":5990,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5992,5993,6007,6025],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,5994,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,5996,128],{"class":127},[71,5998,90],{"class":89},[71,6000,5689],{"class":127},[71,6002,3317],{"class":89},[71,6004,3320],{"class":117},[71,6006,3331],{"class":89},[71,6008,6009,6011,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6010,128],{"class":127},[71,6012,90],{"class":89},[71,6014,5689],{"class":127},[71,6016,3317],{"class":89},[71,6018,100],{"class":99},[71,6020,4177],{"class":103},[71,6022,100],{"class":99},[71,6024,3331],{"class":89},[71,6026,6027,6029,6031,6033,6036,6038,6040,6042,6044,6046],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,6028,128],{"class":127},[71,6030,90],{"class":89},[71,6032,5689],{"class":127},[71,6034,6035],{"class":89},"([[",[71,6037,3320],{"class":117},[71,6039,109],{"class":89},[71,6041,183],{"class":117},[71,6043,109],{"class":89},[71,6045,701],{"class":117},[71,6047,6048],{"class":89},"]]))\n",[20,6050,5895],{},[62,6052,6054],{"className":64,"code":6053,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6055,6056,6060,6064],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6057,6058],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6059,4314],{"class":4184},[71,6061,6062],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6063,4314],{"class":4184},[71,6065,6066],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,6067,4314],{"class":4184},[20,6069,6070],{},"And these are all falsy:",[62,6072,6074],{"className":64,"code":6073,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6075,6076],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6077,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094,6096],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6079,128],{"class":127},[71,6081,90],{"class":89},[71,6083,5689],{"class":127},[71,6085,3317],{"class":89},[71,6087,2449],{"class":117},[71,6089,109],{"class":89},[71,6091,4170],{"class":99},[71,6093,109],{"class":89},[71,6095,4185],{"class":4184},[71,6097,3331],{"class":89},[20,6099,5895],{},[62,6101,6102],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,6103,6104],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6105,6106],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6107,4375],{"class":4184},[20,6109,6110,6111,1560,6114,60],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[56,6112,4138],{"href":6113},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[56,6115,6117,6119],{"href":6116},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6118,4144],{}," explained",[288,6121,6123],{"id":6122},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6125,6126],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[62,6128,6130],{"className":64,"code":6129,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6131,6132,6152],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6133,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6144,6146,6148,6150],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6135,4154],{"class":77},[71,6137,82],{"class":81},[71,6139,1740],{"class":89},[71,6141,2449],{"class":117},[71,6143,109],{"class":89},[71,6145,4170],{"class":99},[71,6147,109],{"class":89},[71,6149,4941],{"class":117},[71,6151,1757],{"class":89},[71,6153,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6155,128],{"class":127},[71,6157,90],{"class":89},[71,6159,5689],{"class":127},[71,6161,90],{"class":89},[71,6163,5694],{"class":133},[71,6165,204],{"class":89},[20,6167,209],{},[62,6169,6170],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,6171,6172],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6173,6174],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6175,4314],{"class":4184},[20,6177,4777],{},[40,6179,6180,6185,6189],{},[43,6181,6182,6184],{},[15,6183,2449],{}," is falsy",[43,6186,6187,6184],{},[15,6188,4105],{},[43,6190,6191,6193],{},[15,6192,2466],{}," is truthy",[20,6195,6196,6197,2728,6200,60],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6198,6199],{},"any(values)",[15,6201,3935],{},[20,6203,6204],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[62,6206,6208],{"className":64,"code":6207,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6209,6210,6234],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6211,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6232],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6213,4154],{"class":77},[71,6215,82],{"class":81},[71,6217,1740],{"class":89},[71,6219,2449],{"class":117},[71,6221,109],{"class":89},[71,6223,4170],{"class":99},[71,6225,109],{"class":89},[71,6227,4185],{"class":4184},[71,6229,109],{"class":89},[71,6231,4241],{"class":4184},[71,6233,1757],{"class":89},[71,6235,6236,6238,6240,6242,6244,6246],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6237,128],{"class":127},[71,6239,90],{"class":89},[71,6241,5689],{"class":127},[71,6243,90],{"class":89},[71,6245,5694],{"class":133},[71,6247,204],{"class":89},[20,6249,209],{},[62,6251,6252],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,6253,6254],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6255,6256],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6257,4375],{"class":4184},[20,6259,6260,6261,60],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6262,4006],{},[288,6264,6266],{"id":6265},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6268,6269,6271,6272,60],{},[15,6270,5519],{}," is often used with a ",[30,6273,6274],{},"generator expression",[20,6276,6277],{},"This is a common pattern:",[62,6279,6281],{"className":64,"code":6280,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6282,6283],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6284,6285,6287,6289,6292,6295,6298,6300,6303],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6286,5689],{"class":127},[71,6288,90],{"class":89},[71,6290,6291],{"class":133},"condition ",[71,6293,6294],{"class":4209},"for",[71,6296,6297],{"class":133}," item ",[71,6299,4216],{"class":4209},[71,6301,6302],{"class":133}," items",[71,6304,121],{"class":89},[20,6306,6307],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6309,6310],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[62,6312,6314],{"className":64,"code":6313,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6315,6316,6344,6348,6375],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6317,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6342],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6319,3950],{"class":77},[71,6321,82],{"class":81},[71,6323,1740],{"class":89},[71,6325,2836],{"class":117},[71,6327,109],{"class":89},[71,6329,6330],{"class":117}," 7",[71,6332,109],{"class":89},[71,6334,2552],{"class":81},[71,6336,630],{"class":117},[71,6338,109],{"class":89},[71,6340,6341],{"class":117}," 10",[71,6343,1757],{"class":89},[71,6345,6346],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6347,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,6349,6350,6352,6354,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365,6367,6369,6371,6373],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,6351,1102],{"class":77},[71,6353,82],{"class":81},[71,6355,6356],{"class":127}," any",[71,6358,90],{"class":89},[71,6360,3357],{"class":133},[71,6362,765],{"class":81},[71,6364,4165],{"class":117},[71,6366,4210],{"class":4209},[71,6368,4213],{"class":133},[71,6370,4216],{"class":4209},[71,6372,4599],{"class":133},[71,6374,121],{"class":89},[71,6376,6377,6379,6381,6383],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,6378,128],{"class":127},[71,6380,90],{"class":89},[71,6382,2594],{"class":133},[71,6384,121],{"class":89},[20,6386,209],{},[62,6388,6389],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,6390,6391],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6392,6393],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6394,4314],{"class":4184},[20,6396,6397,6398,6401],{},"This works because ",[15,6399,6400],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[40,6403,6404,6412,6419],{},[43,6405,6406,6409,6410],{},[15,6407,6408],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6411,4006],{},[43,6413,6414,6409,6417],{},[15,6415,6416],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6418,4006],{},[43,6420,6421,6409,6424],{},[15,6422,6423],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6425,3935],{},[20,6427,6428,6429,6431,6432,6434,6435,60],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6430,3935],{}," result, ",[15,6433,5519],{}," can return ",[15,6436,3935],{},[20,6438,6439],{},"Here is another example:",[62,6441,6443],{"className":64,"code":6442,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6444,6445,6474,6478,6508],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6446,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457,6459,6461,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6448,4405],{"class":77},[71,6450,82],{"class":81},[71,6452,1740],{"class":89},[71,6454,3184],{"class":99},[71,6456,4414],{"class":103},[71,6458,3184],{"class":99},[71,6460,109],{"class":89},[71,6462,6463],{"class":99}," \"\"",[71,6465,109],{"class":89},[71,6467,3683],{"class":99},[71,6469,4423],{"class":103},[71,6471,3184],{"class":99},[71,6473,1757],{"class":89},[71,6475,6476],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6477,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,6479,6480,6483,6485,6487,6489,6492,6494,6496,6498,6501,6503,6506],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,6481,6482],{"class":77},"has_empty_string ",[71,6484,82],{"class":81},[71,6486,6356],{"class":127},[71,6488,90],{"class":89},[71,6490,6491],{"class":133},"word ",[71,6493,5025],{"class":81},[71,6495,6463],{"class":99},[71,6497,4210],{"class":4209},[71,6499,6500],{"class":133}," word ",[71,6502,4216],{"class":4209},[71,6504,6505],{"class":133}," words",[71,6507,121],{"class":89},[71,6509,6510,6512,6514,6517],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,6511,128],{"class":127},[71,6513,90],{"class":89},[71,6515,6516],{"class":133},"has_empty_string",[71,6518,121],{"class":89},[20,6520,209],{},[62,6522,6523],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,6524,6525],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6526,6527],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6528,4314],{"class":4184},[20,6530,6531,6532,60],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[56,6533,6535],{"href":6534},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[288,6537,6539],{"id":6538},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6541,6542,6543,228],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6544,4006],{},[62,6546,6548],{"className":64,"code":6547,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6549,6550],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6551,6552,6554,6556,6558],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6553,128],{"class":127},[71,6555,90],{"class":89},[71,6557,5689],{"class":127},[71,6559,4764],{"class":89},[20,6561,209],{},[62,6563,6564],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,6565,6566],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6567,6568],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6569,4375],{"class":4184},[20,6571,6572],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6574,6575,6576,6578],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6577,5519],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6580,6581],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[62,6583,6585],{"className":64,"code":6584,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6586,6587,6597,6612],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6588,6589,6591,6593,6595],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6590,128],{"class":127},[71,6592,90],{"class":89},[71,6594,5689],{"class":127},[71,6596,4822],{"class":89},[71,6598,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607,6610],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6600,128],{"class":127},[71,6602,90],{"class":89},[71,6604,5689],{"class":127},[71,6606,90],{"class":89},[71,6608,6609],{"class":99},"\"\"",[71,6611,204],{"class":89},[71,6613,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6625],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,6615,128],{"class":127},[71,6617,90],{"class":89},[71,6619,5689],{"class":127},[71,6621,90],{"class":89},[71,6623,6624],{"class":85},"set",[71,6626,6627],{"class":89},"()))\n",[20,6629,209],{},[62,6631,6633],{"className":64,"code":6632,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6634,6635,6639,6643],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6636,6637],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6638,4375],{"class":4184},[71,6640,6641],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6642,4375],{"class":4184},[71,6644,6645],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,6646,4375],{"class":4184},[288,6648,6650],{"id":6649},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6652,283,6653,6655],{},[15,6654,5519],{}," when you want to:",[40,6657,6658,6661,6664],{},[43,6659,6660],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[43,6662,6663],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[43,6665,6666],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6668,6669],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[62,6671,6673],{"className":64,"code":6672,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6674,6675,6700,6704,6714,6718,6732,6751,6762,6768,6773],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6676,6677,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6698],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6678,3950],{"class":77},[71,6680,82],{"class":81},[71,6682,1740],{"class":89},[71,6684,3320],{"class":117},[71,6686,109],{"class":89},[71,6688,701],{"class":117},[71,6690,109],{"class":89},[71,6692,4941],{"class":117},[71,6694,109],{"class":89},[71,6696,6697],{"class":117}," 8",[71,6699,1757],{"class":89},[71,6701,6702],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6703,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,6705,6706,6709,6711],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,6707,6708],{"class":77},"found_even ",[71,6710,82],{"class":81},[71,6712,6713],{"class":4184}," False\n",[71,6715,6716],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,6717,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,6719,6720,6722,6725,6727,6729],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,6721,6294],{"class":4209},[71,6723,6724],{"class":77}," number ",[71,6726,4216],{"class":4209},[71,6728,4599],{"class":77},[71,6730,6731],{"class":89},":\n",[71,6733,6734,6737,6739,6742,6744,6747,6749],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,6735,6736],{"class":4209},"    if",[71,6738,6724],{"class":77},[71,6740,6741],{"class":81},"%",[71,6743,183],{"class":117},[71,6745,6746],{"class":81}," ==",[71,6748,4165],{"class":117},[71,6750,6731],{"class":89},[71,6752,6754,6757,6759],{"class":73,"line":6753},7,[71,6755,6756],{"class":77},"        found_even ",[71,6758,82],{"class":81},[71,6760,6761],{"class":4184}," True\n",[71,6763,6765],{"class":73,"line":6764},8,[71,6766,6767],{"class":4209},"        break\n",[71,6769,6771],{"class":73,"line":6770},9,[71,6772,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,6774,6776,6778,6780,6783],{"class":73,"line":6775},10,[71,6777,128],{"class":127},[71,6779,90],{"class":89},[71,6781,6782],{"class":133},"found_even",[71,6784,121],{"class":89},[20,6786,6787],{},"You can write:",[62,6789,6791],{"className":64,"code":6790,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6792,6793,6817],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6794,6795,6797,6799,6801,6803,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6796,3950],{"class":77},[71,6798,82],{"class":81},[71,6800,1740],{"class":89},[71,6802,3320],{"class":117},[71,6804,109],{"class":89},[71,6806,701],{"class":117},[71,6808,109],{"class":89},[71,6810,4941],{"class":117},[71,6812,109],{"class":89},[71,6814,6697],{"class":117},[71,6816,1757],{"class":89},[71,6818,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,6820,128],{"class":127},[71,6822,90],{"class":89},[71,6824,5689],{"class":127},[71,6826,90],{"class":89},[71,6828,2547],{"class":133},[71,6830,6741],{"class":81},[71,6832,183],{"class":117},[71,6834,6746],{"class":81},[71,6836,4165],{"class":117},[71,6838,4210],{"class":4209},[71,6840,6724],{"class":133},[71,6842,4216],{"class":4209},[71,6844,4599],{"class":133},[71,6846,204],{"class":89},[20,6848,6849,6850,6852],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6851,5519],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[288,6854,4855],{"id":4854},[20,6856,6857,6858,60],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6859,5519],{},[350,6861,6863],{"id":6862},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6865,1725],{},[62,6867,6869],{"className":64,"code":6868,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6870,6871],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6872,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6874,128],{"class":127},[71,6876,90],{"class":89},[71,6878,5689],{"class":127},[71,6880,90],{"class":89},[71,6882,2466],{"class":117},[71,6884,204],{"class":89},[20,6886,6887,6888,6890],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6889,2466],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6892,6893],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[62,6895,6897],{"className":64,"code":6896,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6898,6899],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6900,6901,6903,6905,6907,6909,6911],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6902,128],{"class":127},[71,6904,90],{"class":89},[71,6906,5689],{"class":127},[71,6908,3317],{"class":89},[71,6910,2466],{"class":117},[71,6912,3331],{"class":89},[350,6914,6916],{"id":6915},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6918,6919,6921,6922,6925],{},[15,6920,5519],{}," needs only ",[30,6923,6924],{},"one"," truthy item.",[62,6927,6929],{"className":64,"code":6928,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6930,6931],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6932,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6934,128],{"class":127},[71,6936,90],{"class":89},[71,6938,5689],{"class":127},[71,6940,3317],{"class":89},[71,6942,4006],{"class":4184},[71,6944,109],{"class":89},[71,6946,4241],{"class":4184},[71,6948,109],{"class":89},[71,6950,4250],{"class":4184},[71,6952,3331],{"class":89},[20,6954,209],{},[62,6956,6957],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,6958,6959],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6960,6961],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6962,4314],{"class":4184},[20,6964,6965,6966,6970],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[56,6967,6968],{"href":5761},[15,6969,3910],{}," instead.",[350,6972,6974],{"id":6973},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6976,6977,6978,60],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6979,6980],{},"\"True\"",[62,6982,6984],{"className":64,"code":6983,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6985,6986],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,6987,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,6989,128],{"class":127},[71,6991,90],{"class":89},[71,6993,5689],{"class":127},[71,6995,3317],{"class":89},[71,6997,3184],{"class":99},[71,6999,4006],{"class":103},[71,7001,3184],{"class":99},[71,7003,3331],{"class":89},[20,7005,209],{},[62,7007,7008],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,7009,7010],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7011,7012],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7013,4314],{"class":4184},[20,7015,7016,7017,7020],{},"That is because ",[15,7018,7019],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[350,7022,7024],{"id":7023},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7026,7027],{},"This works:",[62,7029,7031],{"className":64,"code":7030,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7032,7033,7053],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7034,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7036,3950],{"class":77},[71,7038,82],{"class":81},[71,7040,1740],{"class":89},[71,7042,3320],{"class":117},[71,7044,109],{"class":89},[71,7046,183],{"class":117},[71,7048,109],{"class":89},[71,7050,701],{"class":117},[71,7052,1757],{"class":89},[71,7054,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7056,128],{"class":127},[71,7058,90],{"class":89},[71,7060,5689],{"class":127},[71,7062,3317],{"class":89},[71,7064,3357],{"class":133},[71,7066,4588],{"class":81},[71,7068,183],{"class":117},[71,7070,4210],{"class":4209},[71,7072,4213],{"class":133},[71,7074,4216],{"class":4209},[71,7076,4599],{"class":133},[71,7078,3331],{"class":89},[20,7080,7081],{},"But this is usually better:",[62,7083,7085],{"className":64,"code":7084,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7086,7087,7107],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7088,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101,7103,7105],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7090,3950],{"class":77},[71,7092,82],{"class":81},[71,7094,1740],{"class":89},[71,7096,3320],{"class":117},[71,7098,109],{"class":89},[71,7100,183],{"class":117},[71,7102,109],{"class":89},[71,7104,701],{"class":117},[71,7106,1757],{"class":89},[71,7108,7109,7111,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7110,128],{"class":127},[71,7112,90],{"class":89},[71,7114,5689],{"class":127},[71,7116,90],{"class":89},[71,7118,3357],{"class":133},[71,7120,4588],{"class":81},[71,7122,183],{"class":117},[71,7124,4210],{"class":4209},[71,7126,4213],{"class":133},[71,7128,4216],{"class":4209},[71,7130,4599],{"class":133},[71,7132,204],{"class":89},[20,7134,7135],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[288,7137,2163],{"id":2162},[350,7139,7141],{"id":7140},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7143,5485,7144,7146,7147,60],{},[15,7145,3935],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7148,4006],{},[350,7150,7152],{"id":7151},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7154,7155,2728,7157,7159],{},[15,7156,5519],{},[15,7158,4006],{}," for an empty iterable.",[350,7161,7163],{"id":7162},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7165,7166,7168,7169,7171],{},[15,7167,5519],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7170,3910],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[350,7173,7175],{"id":7174},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7177,7178],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[62,7180,7181],{"className":64,"code":6280,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,7182,7183],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7184,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193,7195,7197,7199],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7186,5689],{"class":127},[71,7188,90],{"class":89},[71,7190,6291],{"class":133},[71,7192,6294],{"class":4209},[71,7194,6297],{"class":133},[71,7196,4216],{"class":4209},[71,7198,6302],{"class":133},[71,7200,121],{"class":89},[20,7202,5808],{},[62,7204,7205],{"className":64,"code":7084,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,7206,7207,7227],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7208,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7210,3950],{"class":77},[71,7212,82],{"class":81},[71,7214,1740],{"class":89},[71,7216,3320],{"class":117},[71,7218,109],{"class":89},[71,7220,183],{"class":117},[71,7222,109],{"class":89},[71,7224,701],{"class":117},[71,7226,1757],{"class":89},[71,7228,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249,7251],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7230,128],{"class":127},[71,7232,90],{"class":89},[71,7234,5689],{"class":127},[71,7236,90],{"class":89},[71,7238,3357],{"class":133},[71,7240,4588],{"class":81},[71,7242,183],{"class":117},[71,7244,4210],{"class":4209},[71,7246,4213],{"class":133},[71,7248,4216],{"class":4209},[71,7250,4599],{"class":133},[71,7252,204],{"class":89},[288,7254,2221],{"id":2220},[40,7256,7257,7263,7267,7271,7276],{},[43,7258,7259],{},[56,7260,7261,3841],{"href":5761},[15,7262,3910],{},[43,7264,7265],{},[56,7266,4138],{"href":6113},[43,7268,7269],{},[56,7270,5551],{"href":5922},[43,7272,7273],{},[56,7274,7275],{"href":6534},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[43,7277,7278],{},[56,7279,7280,3841],{"href":6116},[15,7281,4144],{},[2250,7283,7284],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":7286},[7287,7288,7289,7290,7291,7292,7293,7294,7300,7306],{"id":5711,"depth":124,"text":5712},{"id":5766,"depth":124,"text":5767},{"id":4060,"depth":124,"text":4061},{"id":6122,"depth":124,"text":6123},{"id":6265,"depth":124,"text":6266},{"id":6538,"depth":124,"text":6539},{"id":6649,"depth":124,"text":6650},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":7295},[7296,7297,7298,7299],{"id":6862,"depth":139,"text":6863},{"id":6915,"depth":139,"text":6916},{"id":6973,"depth":139,"text":6974},{"id":7023,"depth":139,"text":7024},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":7301},[7302,7303,7304,7305],{"id":7140,"depth":139,"text":7141},{"id":7151,"depth":139,"text":7152},{"id":7162,"depth":139,"text":7163},{"id":7174,"depth":139,"text":7175},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5614,"description":7307},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7313,"title":7314,"body":7315,"description":9445,"extension":2292,"meta":9446,"navigation":142,"path":9447,"seo":9448,"stem":9449,"__hash__":9450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7316,"toc":9408},[7317,7320,7329,7339,7341,7438,7440,7469,7485,7489,7494,7497,7507,7513,7519,7535,7537,7545,7552,7556,7559,7574,7579,7597,7602,7604,7652,7654,7671,7675,7681,7684,7719,7721,7827,7829,7866,7870,7878,7880,7900,7902,8021,8023,8052,8055,8078,8080,8088,8096,8100,8106,8110,8151,8153,8161,8164,8192,8194,8202,8206,8235,8237,8245,8277,8279,8287,8291,8342,8344,8352,8360,8364,8367,8420,8422,8443,8450,8454,8460,8463,8471,8493,8495,8503,8511,8534,8536,8544,8549,8554,8566,8568,8609,8620,8624,8633,8636,8639,8698,8701,8753,8756,8762,8778,8784,8786,8791,8800,8803,8825,8827,8835,8840,8843,8878,8880,8888,8892,8897,8935,8947,8950,9004,9012,9016,9019,9041,9050,9053,9094,9096,9119,9125,9131,9146,9148,9167,9170,9189,9191,9210,9214,9220,9299,9302,9316,9323,9325,9329,9336,9340,9344,9348,9353,9357,9362,9366,9373,9375,9405],[10,7318,7314],{"id":7319},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7321,2309,7322,7324,7325,3209,7327,60],{},[15,7323,4144],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7326,3935],{},[15,7328,4006],{},[20,7330,7331,7332,7334,7335,7338],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7333,4144],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7336,7337],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[288,7340,3940],{"id":3939},[62,7342,7344],{"className":64,"code":7343,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7345,7346,7360,7374,7388,7406,7416],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7347,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7349,128],{"class":127},[71,7351,90],{"class":89},[71,7353,4200],{"class":85},[71,7355,90],{"class":89},[71,7357,2449],{"class":117},[71,7359,204],{"class":89},[71,7361,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7363,128],{"class":127},[71,7365,90],{"class":89},[71,7367,4200],{"class":85},[71,7369,90],{"class":89},[71,7371,3320],{"class":117},[71,7373,204],{"class":89},[71,7375,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384,7386],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,7377,128],{"class":127},[71,7379,90],{"class":89},[71,7381,4200],{"class":85},[71,7383,90],{"class":89},[71,7385,6609],{"class":99},[71,7387,204],{"class":89},[71,7389,7390,7392,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402,7404],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,7391,128],{"class":127},[71,7393,90],{"class":89},[71,7395,4200],{"class":85},[71,7397,90],{"class":89},[71,7399,3184],{"class":99},[71,7401,4177],{"class":103},[71,7403,3184],{"class":99},[71,7405,204],{"class":89},[71,7407,7408,7410,7412,7414],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,7409,128],{"class":127},[71,7411,90],{"class":89},[71,7413,4200],{"class":85},[71,7415,4764],{"class":89},[71,7417,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430,7432,7434,7436],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,7419,128],{"class":127},[71,7421,90],{"class":89},[71,7423,4200],{"class":85},[71,7425,3317],{"class":89},[71,7427,3320],{"class":117},[71,7429,109],{"class":89},[71,7431,183],{"class":117},[71,7433,109],{"class":89},[71,7435,701],{"class":117},[71,7437,3331],{"class":89},[20,7439,5895],{},[62,7441,7443],{"className":64,"code":7442,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7444,7445,7449,7453,7457,7461,7465],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7446,7447],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7448,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7450,7451],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7452,4314],{"class":4184},[71,7454,7455],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,7456,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7458,7459],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,7460,4314],{"class":4184},[71,7462,7463],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,7464,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7466,7467],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,7468,4314],{"class":4184},[20,7470,283,7471,7474,7475,3209,7477,7479,7480,7482,7483,60],{},[15,7472,7473],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7476,3935],{},[15,7478,4006],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7481,4006],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7484,3935],{},[288,7486,7488],{"id":7487},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7490,7491,7493],{},[15,7492,4144],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7495,7496],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[40,7498,7499,7503],{},[43,7500,7501],{},[15,7502,3935],{},[43,7504,7505],{},[15,7506,4006],{},[20,7508,7509,7510,7512],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7511,7337],{}," statements.",[20,7514,7515,7516,7518],{},"You can also call ",[15,7517,4144],{}," with no argument:",[62,7520,7522],{"className":64,"code":7521,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(bool())\n",[15,7523,7524],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7525,7526,7528,7530,7532],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7527,128],{"class":127},[71,7529,90],{"class":89},[71,7531,4200],{"class":85},[71,7533,7534],{"class":89},"())\n",[20,7536,209],{},[62,7538,7539],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,7540,7541],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7542,7543],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7544,4375],{"class":4184},[20,7546,7547,7548,60],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[56,7549,7551],{"href":7550},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[288,7553,7555],{"id":7554},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7557,7558],{},"The basic syntax is:",[62,7560,7562],{"className":64,"code":7561,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"bool(value)\n",[15,7563,7564],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7565,7566,7568,7570,7572],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7567,4200],{"class":85},[71,7569,90],{"class":89},[71,7571,2804],{"class":133},[71,7573,121],{"class":89},[20,7575,2309,7576,7578],{},[15,7577,2804],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[40,7580,7581,7583,7585,7587,7589,7592,7594],{},[43,7582,3980],{},[43,7584,5644],{},[43,7586,5635],{},[43,7588,5638],{},[43,7590,7591],{},"dictionaries",[43,7593,5641],{},[43,7595,7596],{},"other objects",[20,7598,7599,7600,60],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7601,4006],{},[20,7603,2537],{},[62,7605,7607],{"className":64,"code":7606,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7608,7609,7623,7642],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7610,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619,7621],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7612,128],{"class":127},[71,7614,90],{"class":89},[71,7616,4200],{"class":85},[71,7618,90],{"class":89},[71,7620,2661],{"class":117},[71,7622,204],{"class":89},[71,7624,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633,7635,7638,7640],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7626,128],{"class":127},[71,7628,90],{"class":89},[71,7630,4200],{"class":85},[71,7632,90],{"class":89},[71,7634,3184],{"class":99},[71,7636,7637],{"class":103},"Python",[71,7639,3184],{"class":99},[71,7641,204],{"class":89},[71,7643,7644,7646,7648,7650],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,7645,128],{"class":127},[71,7647,90],{"class":89},[71,7649,4200],{"class":85},[71,7651,7534],{"class":89},[20,7653,209],{},[62,7655,7657],{"className":64,"code":7656,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7658,7659,7663,7667],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7660,7661],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7662,4314],{"class":4184},[71,7664,7665],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7666,4314],{"class":4184},[71,7668,7669],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,7670,4375],{"class":4184},[288,7672,7674],{"id":7673},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7676,7677,7678,7680],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[30,7679,5932],{}," values.",[20,7682,7683],{},"Common examples:",[40,7685,7686,7690,7694,7698,7702,7707,7711,7715],{},[43,7687,7688],{},[15,7689,2449],{},[43,7691,7692],{},[15,7693,4100],{},[43,7695,7696],{},[15,7697,6609],{},[43,7699,7700],{},[15,7701,4119],{},[43,7703,7704],{},[15,7705,7706],{},"()",[43,7708,7709],{},[15,7710,805],{},[43,7712,7713],{},[15,7714,4128],{},[43,7716,7717],{},[15,7718,4110],{},[20,7720,2537],{},[62,7722,7724],{"className":64,"code":7723,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7725,7726,7740,7754,7768,7778,7788,7799,7813],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7727,7728,7730,7732,7734,7736,7738],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7729,128],{"class":127},[71,7731,90],{"class":89},[71,7733,4200],{"class":85},[71,7735,90],{"class":89},[71,7737,2449],{"class":117},[71,7739,204],{"class":89},[71,7741,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7743,128],{"class":127},[71,7745,90],{"class":89},[71,7747,4200],{"class":85},[71,7749,90],{"class":89},[71,7751,4100],{"class":117},[71,7753,204],{"class":89},[71,7755,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,7757,128],{"class":127},[71,7759,90],{"class":89},[71,7761,4200],{"class":85},[71,7763,90],{"class":89},[71,7765,6609],{"class":99},[71,7767,204],{"class":89},[71,7769,7770,7772,7774,7776],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,7771,128],{"class":127},[71,7773,90],{"class":89},[71,7775,4200],{"class":85},[71,7777,4764],{"class":89},[71,7779,7780,7782,7784,7786],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,7781,128],{"class":127},[71,7783,90],{"class":89},[71,7785,4200],{"class":85},[71,7787,4822],{"class":89},[71,7789,7790,7792,7794,7796],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,7791,128],{"class":127},[71,7793,90],{"class":89},[71,7795,4200],{"class":85},[71,7797,7798],{"class":89},"({}))\n",[71,7800,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809,7811],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,7802,128],{"class":127},[71,7804,90],{"class":89},[71,7806,4200],{"class":85},[71,7808,90],{"class":89},[71,7810,6624],{"class":85},[71,7812,6627],{"class":89},[71,7814,7815,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,7816,128],{"class":127},[71,7818,90],{"class":89},[71,7820,4200],{"class":85},[71,7822,90],{"class":89},[71,7824,4110],{"class":4184},[71,7826,204],{"class":89},[20,7828,209],{},[62,7830,7832],{"className":64,"code":7831,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7833,7834,7838,7842,7846,7850,7854,7858,7862],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7835,7836],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7837,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7839,7840],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7841,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7843,7844],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,7845,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7847,7848],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,7849,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7851,7852],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,7853,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7855,7856],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,7857,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7859,7860],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,7861,4375],{"class":4184},[71,7863,7864],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,7865,4375],{"class":4184},[288,7867,7869],{"id":7868},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7871,7872,7873,7875,7876,7680],{},"Many values become ",[15,7874,3935],{},". These are often called ",[30,7877,5929],{},[20,7879,7683],{},[40,7881,7882,7885,7888,7891,7894,7897],{},[43,7883,7884],{},"non-zero numbers",[43,7886,7887],{},"non-empty strings",[43,7889,7890],{},"non-empty lists",[43,7892,7893],{},"non-empty tuples",[43,7895,7896],{},"non-empty sets",[43,7898,7899],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7901,2537],{},[62,7903,7905],{"className":64,"code":7904,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7906,7907,7921,7937,7955,7977,7995],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,7908,7909,7911,7913,7915,7917,7919],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,7910,128],{"class":127},[71,7912,90],{"class":89},[71,7914,4200],{"class":85},[71,7916,90],{"class":89},[71,7918,2466],{"class":117},[71,7920,204],{"class":89},[71,7922,7923,7925,7927,7929,7931,7933,7935],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,7924,128],{"class":127},[71,7926,90],{"class":89},[71,7928,4200],{"class":85},[71,7930,90],{"class":89},[71,7932,2353],{"class":81},[71,7934,630],{"class":117},[71,7936,204],{"class":89},[71,7938,7939,7941,7943,7945,7947,7949,7951,7953],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,7940,128],{"class":127},[71,7942,90],{"class":89},[71,7944,4200],{"class":85},[71,7946,90],{"class":89},[71,7948,3184],{"class":99},[71,7950,4177],{"class":103},[71,7952,3184],{"class":99},[71,7954,204],{"class":89},[71,7956,7957,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969,7971,7973,7975],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,7958,128],{"class":127},[71,7960,90],{"class":89},[71,7962,4200],{"class":85},[71,7964,3317],{"class":89},[71,7966,3320],{"class":117},[71,7968,109],{"class":89},[71,7970,183],{"class":117},[71,7972,109],{"class":89},[71,7974,701],{"class":117},[71,7976,3331],{"class":89},[71,7978,7979,7981,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991,7993],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,7980,128],{"class":127},[71,7982,90],{"class":89},[71,7984,4200],{"class":85},[71,7986,5846],{"class":89},[71,7988,3320],{"class":117},[71,7990,109],{"class":89},[71,7992,183],{"class":117},[71,7994,3243],{"class":89},[71,7996,7997,7999,8001,8003,8005,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017,8019],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,7998,128],{"class":127},[71,8000,90],{"class":89},[71,8002,4200],{"class":85},[71,8004,5865],{"class":89},[71,8006,3184],{"class":99},[71,8008,94],{"class":103},[71,8010,3184],{"class":99},[71,8012,228],{"class":89},[71,8014,3683],{"class":99},[71,8016,1470],{"class":103},[71,8018,3184],{"class":99},[71,8020,5874],{"class":89},[20,8022,209],{},[62,8024,8026],{"className":64,"code":8025,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8027,8028,8032,8036,8040,8044,8048],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8029,8030],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8031,4314],{"class":4184},[71,8033,8034],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8035,4314],{"class":4184},[71,8037,8038],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,8039,4314],{"class":4184},[71,8041,8042],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,8043,4314],{"class":4184},[71,8045,8046],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,8047,4314],{"class":4184},[71,8049,8050],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,8051,4314],{"class":4184},[20,8053,8054],{},"One important example is this:",[62,8056,8058],{"className":64,"code":8057,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8059,8060],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8061,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072,8074,8076],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8063,128],{"class":127},[71,8065,90],{"class":89},[71,8067,4200],{"class":85},[71,8069,90],{"class":89},[71,8071,3184],{"class":99},[71,8073,4006],{"class":103},[71,8075,3184],{"class":99},[71,8077,204],{"class":89},[20,8079,209],{},[62,8081,8082],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8083,8084],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8085,8086],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8087,4314],{"class":4184},[20,8089,8090,8091,8093,8094,60],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8092,7019],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8095,3935],{},[288,8097,8099],{"id":8098},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8101,8102,8103,8105],{},"You can use ",[15,8104,4144],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[350,8107,8109],{"id":8108},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[62,8111,8113],{"className":64,"code":8112,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8114,8115,8137],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8116,8117,8119,8121,8123,8125,8127,8130,8132,8135],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8118,1735],{"class":77},[71,8120,82],{"class":81},[71,8122,1740],{"class":89},[71,8124,2661],{"class":117},[71,8126,109],{"class":89},[71,8128,8129],{"class":117}," 20",[71,8131,109],{"class":89},[71,8133,8134],{"class":117}," 30",[71,8136,1757],{"class":89},[71,8138,8139,8141,8143,8145,8147,8149],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8140,128],{"class":127},[71,8142,90],{"class":89},[71,8144,4200],{"class":85},[71,8146,90],{"class":89},[71,8148,1770],{"class":133},[71,8150,204],{"class":89},[20,8152,209],{},[62,8154,8155],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8156,8157],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8158,8159],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8160,4314],{"class":4184},[20,8162,8163],{},"With an empty list:",[62,8165,8167],{"className":64,"code":8166,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8168,8169,8178],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8170,8171,8173,8175],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8172,1735],{"class":77},[71,8174,82],{"class":81},[71,8176,8177],{"class":89}," []\n",[71,8179,8180,8182,8184,8186,8188,8190],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8181,128],{"class":127},[71,8183,90],{"class":89},[71,8185,4200],{"class":85},[71,8187,90],{"class":89},[71,8189,1770],{"class":133},[71,8191,204],{"class":89},[20,8193,209],{},[62,8195,8196],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8197,8198],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8199,8200],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8201,4375],{"class":4184},[350,8203,8205],{"id":8204},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[62,8207,8209],{"className":64,"code":8208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8210,8211,8221],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8212,8213,8216,8218],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8214,8215],{"class":77},"name ",[71,8217,82],{"class":81},[71,8219,8220],{"class":99}," \"\"\n",[71,8222,8223,8225,8227,8229,8231,8233],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8224,128],{"class":127},[71,8226,90],{"class":89},[71,8228,4200],{"class":85},[71,8230,90],{"class":89},[71,8232,94],{"class":133},[71,8234,204],{"class":89},[20,8236,209],{},[62,8238,8239],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8240,8241],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8242,8243],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8244,4375],{"class":4184},[62,8246,8248],{"className":64,"code":8247,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8249,8250,8263],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8251,8252,8254,8256,8258,8261],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8253,8215],{"class":77},[71,8255,82],{"class":81},[71,8257,3683],{"class":99},[71,8259,8260],{"class":103},"Mia",[71,8262,3689],{"class":99},[71,8264,8265,8267,8269,8271,8273,8275],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8266,128],{"class":127},[71,8268,90],{"class":89},[71,8270,4200],{"class":85},[71,8272,90],{"class":89},[71,8274,94],{"class":133},[71,8276,204],{"class":89},[20,8278,209],{},[62,8280,8281],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8282,8283],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8284,8285],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8286,4314],{"class":4184},[350,8288,8290],{"id":8289},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[62,8292,8294],{"className":64,"code":8293,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8295,8296,8310,8327,8331],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8297,8298,8301,8303,8305,8308],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8299,8300],{"class":77},"username ",[71,8302,82],{"class":81},[71,8304,3683],{"class":99},[71,8306,8307],{"class":103},"alex",[71,8309,3689],{"class":99},[71,8311,8312,8315,8317,8320,8322,8325],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8313,8314],{"class":77},"has_name ",[71,8316,82],{"class":81},[71,8318,8319],{"class":85}," bool",[71,8321,90],{"class":89},[71,8323,8324],{"class":133},"username",[71,8326,121],{"class":89},[71,8328,8329],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,8330,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,8332,8333,8335,8337,8340],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,8334,128],{"class":127},[71,8336,90],{"class":89},[71,8338,8339],{"class":133},"has_name",[71,8341,121],{"class":89},[20,8343,209],{},[62,8345,8346],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8347,8348],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8349,8350],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8351,4314],{"class":4184},[20,8353,8354,8355,3209,8357,8359],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8356,3935],{},[15,8358,4006],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[350,8361,8363],{"id":8362},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8365,8366],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[62,8368,8370],{"className":64,"code":8369,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8371,8372,8392,8396,8404],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8373,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388,8390],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8375,3950],{"class":77},[71,8377,82],{"class":81},[71,8379,1740],{"class":89},[71,8381,3320],{"class":117},[71,8383,109],{"class":89},[71,8385,183],{"class":117},[71,8387,109],{"class":89},[71,8389,701],{"class":117},[71,8391,1757],{"class":89},[71,8393,8394],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8395,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,8397,8398,8400,8402],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,8399,7337],{"class":4209},[71,8401,4599],{"class":77},[71,8403,6731],{"class":89},[71,8405,8406,8409,8411,8413,8416,8418],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,8407,8408],{"class":127},"    print",[71,8410,90],{"class":89},[71,8412,3184],{"class":99},[71,8414,8415],{"class":103},"The list is not empty",[71,8417,3184],{"class":99},[71,8419,121],{"class":89},[20,8421,209],{},[62,8423,8425],{"className":64,"code":8424,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8426,8427],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8428,8429,8431,8434,8437,8440],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8430,2309],{"class":77},[71,8432,8433],{"class":85},"list",[71,8435,8436],{"class":81}," is",[71,8438,8439],{"class":81}," not",[71,8441,8442],{"class":77}," empty\n",[20,8444,8445,8446,60],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[56,8447,8449],{"href":8448},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[288,8451,8453],{"id":8452},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8455,8456,8457,8459],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8458,4144],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8461,8462],{},"It does not do that.",[350,8464,8466,2728,8469],{"id":8465},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8467,8468],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8470,3935],{},[62,8472,8473],{"className":64,"code":8057,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8474,8475],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8476,8477,8479,8481,8483,8485,8487,8489,8491],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8478,128],{"class":127},[71,8480,90],{"class":89},[71,8482,4200],{"class":85},[71,8484,90],{"class":89},[71,8486,3184],{"class":99},[71,8488,4006],{"class":103},[71,8490,3184],{"class":99},[71,8492,204],{"class":89},[20,8494,209],{},[62,8496,8497],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8498,8499],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8500,8501],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8502,4314],{"class":4184},[350,8504,8506,2728,8509],{"id":8505},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8507,8508],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8510,3935],{},[62,8512,8514],{"className":64,"code":8513,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8515,8516],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8517,8518,8520,8522,8524,8526,8528,8530,8532],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8519,128],{"class":127},[71,8521,90],{"class":89},[71,8523,4200],{"class":85},[71,8525,90],{"class":89},[71,8527,3184],{"class":99},[71,8529,2449],{"class":103},[71,8531,3184],{"class":99},[71,8533,204],{"class":89},[20,8535,209],{},[62,8537,8538],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8539,8540],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8541,8542],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8543,4314],{"class":4184},[20,8545,8546,8547,60],{},"This happens because both values are ",[30,8548,7887],{},[20,8550,8551,8553],{},[15,8552,4144],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8555,8556,8557,8562,8563,8565],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[56,8558,8560],{"href":8559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8561,3289],{},", because ",[15,8564,3289],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8567,2537],{},[62,8569,8571],{"className":64,"code":8570,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8572,8573,8594],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8574,8575,8578,8580,8583,8585,8587,8590,8592],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8576,8577],{"class":77},"user_value ",[71,8579,82],{"class":81},[71,8581,8582],{"class":127}," input",[71,8584,90],{"class":89},[71,8586,3184],{"class":99},[71,8588,8589],{"class":103},"Enter True or False: ",[71,8591,3184],{"class":99},[71,8593,121],{"class":89},[71,8595,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604,8607],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8597,128],{"class":127},[71,8599,90],{"class":89},[71,8601,4200],{"class":85},[71,8603,90],{"class":89},[71,8605,8606],{"class":133},"user_value",[71,8608,204],{"class":89},[20,8610,8611,8612,8614,8615,8562,8617,8619],{},"If the user types ",[15,8613,4006],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8616,3935],{},[15,8618,7019],{}," is not empty.",[288,8621,8623],{"id":8622},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8625,8626,8627,8629,8630,8632],{},"In many ",[15,8628,7337],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8631,4144],{}," yourself.",[20,8634,8635],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8637,8638],{},"Instead of this:",[62,8640,8642],{"className":64,"code":8641,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8643,8644,8665,8669,8683],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8645,8646,8649,8651,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8647,8648],{"class":77},"my_list ",[71,8650,82],{"class":81},[71,8652,1740],{"class":89},[71,8654,3320],{"class":117},[71,8656,109],{"class":89},[71,8658,183],{"class":117},[71,8660,109],{"class":89},[71,8662,701],{"class":117},[71,8664,1757],{"class":89},[71,8666,8667],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8668,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,8670,8671,8673,8675,8677,8680],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,8672,7337],{"class":4209},[71,8674,8319],{"class":85},[71,8676,90],{"class":89},[71,8678,8679],{"class":133},"my_list",[71,8681,8682],{"class":89},"):\n",[71,8684,8685,8687,8689,8691,8694,8696],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,8686,8408],{"class":127},[71,8688,90],{"class":89},[71,8690,3184],{"class":99},[71,8692,8693],{"class":103},"List has items",[71,8695,3184],{"class":99},[71,8697,121],{"class":89},[20,8699,8700],{},"You can simply write:",[62,8702,8704],{"className":64,"code":8703,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8705,8706,8726,8730,8739],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8707,8708,8710,8712,8714,8716,8718,8720,8722,8724],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8709,8648],{"class":77},[71,8711,82],{"class":81},[71,8713,1740],{"class":89},[71,8715,3320],{"class":117},[71,8717,109],{"class":89},[71,8719,183],{"class":117},[71,8721,109],{"class":89},[71,8723,701],{"class":117},[71,8725,1757],{"class":89},[71,8727,8728],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8729,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,8731,8732,8734,8737],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,8733,7337],{"class":4209},[71,8735,8736],{"class":77}," my_list",[71,8738,6731],{"class":89},[71,8740,8741,8743,8745,8747,8749,8751],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,8742,8408],{"class":127},[71,8744,90],{"class":89},[71,8746,3184],{"class":99},[71,8748,8693],{"class":103},[71,8750,3184],{"class":99},[71,8752,121],{"class":89},[20,8754,8755],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8757,8758,8759,8761],{},"Using ",[15,8760,4144],{}," is still helpful when:",[40,8763,8764,8767,8775],{},[43,8765,8766],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[43,8768,8769,8770,3209,8772,8774],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8771,3935],{},[15,8773,4006],{}," value",[43,8776,8777],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8779,8780,8781,60],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[56,8782,8783],{"href":2629},"Python type() function explained",[288,8785,2054],{"id":2053},[20,8787,8788,8789,60],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8790,4144],{},[350,8792,8794,8795,8797,8798],{"id":8793},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8796,8468],{}," to return ",[15,8799,4006],{},[20,8801,8802],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[62,8804,8805],{"className":64,"code":8057,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8806,8807],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8808,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817,8819,8821,8823],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8810,128],{"class":127},[71,8812,90],{"class":89},[71,8814,4200],{"class":85},[71,8816,90],{"class":89},[71,8818,3184],{"class":99},[71,8820,4006],{"class":103},[71,8822,3184],{"class":99},[71,8824,204],{"class":89},[20,8826,209],{},[62,8828,8829],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8830,8831],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8832,8833],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8834,4314],{"class":4184},[20,8836,8837,8838,7020],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8839,7019],{},[20,8841,8842],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[62,8844,8846],{"className":64,"code":8845,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8847,8848,8860],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8849,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8851,2778],{"class":77},[71,8853,82],{"class":81},[71,8855,3683],{"class":99},[71,8857,4006],{"class":103},[71,8859,3689],{"class":99},[71,8861,8862,8864,8866,8868,8870,8872,8874,8876],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8863,128],{"class":127},[71,8865,90],{"class":89},[71,8867,2778],{"class":133},[71,8869,5025],{"class":81},[71,8871,3683],{"class":99},[71,8873,3935],{"class":103},[71,8875,3184],{"class":99},[71,8877,121],{"class":89},[20,8879,209],{},[62,8881,8882],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,8883,8884],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8885,8886],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8887,4375],{"class":4184},[350,8889,8891],{"id":8890},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8893,8894,8896],{},[15,8895,3289],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[62,8898,8900],{"className":64,"code":8899,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8901,8902,8921],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8903,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912,8914,8917,8919],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8905,2778],{"class":77},[71,8907,82],{"class":81},[71,8909,8582],{"class":127},[71,8911,90],{"class":89},[71,8913,3184],{"class":99},[71,8915,8916],{"class":103},"Enter yes or no: ",[71,8918,3184],{"class":99},[71,8920,121],{"class":89},[71,8922,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931,8933],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8924,128],{"class":127},[71,8926,90],{"class":89},[71,8928,4200],{"class":85},[71,8930,90],{"class":89},[71,8932,2804],{"class":133},[71,8934,204],{"class":89},[20,8936,8611,8937,8940,8941,8943,8944,8619],{},[15,8938,8939],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8942,3935],{}," because ",[15,8945,8946],{},"\"no\"",[20,8948,8949],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[62,8951,8953],{"className":64,"code":8952,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8954,8955,8985],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,8956,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8971,8974,8977,8980,8983],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,8958,2778],{"class":77},[71,8960,82],{"class":81},[71,8962,8582],{"class":127},[71,8964,90],{"class":89},[71,8966,3184],{"class":99},[71,8968,8916],{"class":103},[71,8970,3184],{"class":99},[71,8972,8973],{"class":89},").",[71,8975,8976],{"class":133},"strip",[71,8978,8979],{"class":89},"().",[71,8981,8982],{"class":133},"lower",[71,8984,369],{"class":89},[71,8986,8987,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997,9000,9002],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,8988,128],{"class":127},[71,8990,90],{"class":89},[71,8992,2778],{"class":133},[71,8994,5025],{"class":81},[71,8996,3683],{"class":99},[71,8998,8999],{"class":103},"yes",[71,9001,3184],{"class":99},[71,9003,121],{"class":89},[20,9005,9006,9007,9009,9010,60],{},"This gives ",[15,9008,3935],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9011,8999],{},[350,9013,9015],{"id":9014},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9017,9018],{},"These are different:",[40,9020,9021,9025,9029,9033,9037],{},[43,9022,9023],{},[15,9024,4006],{},[43,9026,9027],{},[15,9028,2449],{},[43,9030,9031],{},[15,9032,6609],{},[43,9034,9035],{},[15,9036,4119],{},[43,9038,9039],{},[15,9040,4110],{},[20,9042,9043,9044,9046,9047,9049],{},"They all become ",[15,9045,4006],{}," with ",[15,9048,4144],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9051,9052],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[62,9054,9056],{"className":64,"code":9055,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9057,9058,9066,9080],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9059,9060,9062,9064],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9061,2778],{"class":77},[71,9063,82],{"class":81},[71,9065,8177],{"class":89},[71,9067,9068,9070,9072,9074,9076,9078],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9069,128],{"class":127},[71,9071,90],{"class":89},[71,9073,735],{"class":85},[71,9075,90],{"class":89},[71,9077,2804],{"class":133},[71,9079,204],{"class":89},[71,9081,9082,9084,9086,9088,9090,9092],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,9083,128],{"class":127},[71,9085,90],{"class":89},[71,9087,4200],{"class":85},[71,9089,90],{"class":89},[71,9091,2804],{"class":133},[71,9093,204],{"class":89},[20,9095,209],{},[62,9097,9099],{"className":64,"code":9098,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9100,9101,9115],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9102,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9104,765],{"class":81},[71,9106,769],{"class":768},[71,9108,231],{"class":99},[71,9110,8433],{"class":103},[71,9112,100],{"class":99},[71,9114,778],{"class":81},[71,9116,9117],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9118,4375],{"class":4184},[350,9120,8758,9122,9124],{"id":9121},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9123,805],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9126,9127,9128,9130],{},"In Python, ",[15,9129,805],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[62,9132,9134],{"className":64,"code":9133,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9135,9136],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9137,9138,9140,9142,9144],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9139,128],{"class":127},[71,9141,90],{"class":89},[71,9143,735],{"class":85},[71,9145,7798],{"class":89},[20,9147,209],{},[62,9149,9151],{"className":64,"code":9150,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9152,9153],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9154,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163,9165],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9156,765],{"class":81},[71,9158,769],{"class":768},[71,9160,231],{"class":99},[71,9162,196],{"class":103},[71,9164,100],{"class":99},[71,9166,778],{"class":81},[20,9168,9169],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[62,9171,9173],{"className":64,"code":9172,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9174,9175],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9176,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9178,128],{"class":127},[71,9180,90],{"class":89},[71,9182,735],{"class":85},[71,9184,90],{"class":89},[71,9186,6624],{"class":85},[71,9188,6627],{"class":89},[20,9190,209],{},[62,9192,9194],{"className":64,"code":9193,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9195,9196],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9197,9198,9200,9202,9204,9206,9208],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9199,765],{"class":81},[71,9201,769],{"class":768},[71,9203,231],{"class":99},[71,9205,6624],{"class":103},[71,9207,100],{"class":99},[71,9209,778],{"class":81},[288,9211,9213],{"id":9212},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9215,9216,9217,9219],{},"If ",[15,9218,4144],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[62,9221,9223],{"className":64,"code":9222,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9224,9225,9239,9253,9263,9281],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9226,9227,9229,9231,9233,9235,9237],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9228,128],{"class":127},[71,9230,90],{"class":89},[71,9232,4200],{"class":85},[71,9234,90],{"class":89},[71,9236,2804],{"class":133},[71,9238,204],{"class":89},[71,9240,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9242,128],{"class":127},[71,9244,90],{"class":89},[71,9246,735],{"class":85},[71,9248,90],{"class":89},[71,9250,2804],{"class":133},[71,9252,204],{"class":89},[71,9254,9255,9257,9259,9261],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,9256,128],{"class":127},[71,9258,90],{"class":89},[71,9260,2804],{"class":133},[71,9262,121],{"class":89},[71,9264,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,9266,128],{"class":127},[71,9268,90],{"class":89},[71,9270,2778],{"class":133},[71,9272,5025],{"class":81},[71,9274,3683],{"class":99},[71,9276,3935],{"class":103},[71,9278,3184],{"class":99},[71,9280,121],{"class":89},[71,9282,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,9284,128],{"class":127},[71,9286,90],{"class":89},[71,9288,2804],{"class":133},[71,9290,60],{"class":89},[71,9292,8976],{"class":133},[71,9294,8979],{"class":89},[71,9296,8982],{"class":133},[71,9298,7534],{"class":89},[20,9300,9301],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[40,9303,9304,9307,9310,9313],{},[43,9305,9306],{},"what the value really is",[43,9308,9309],{},"whether it is a string",[43,9311,9312],{},"whether it contains spaces",[43,9314,9315],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9317,9318,9319,60],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[56,9320,9322],{"href":9321},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[288,9324,2163],{"id":2162},[350,9326,9328],{"id":9327},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9330,9331,9332,3209,9334,60],{},"It returns either ",[15,9333,3935],{},[15,9335,4006],{},[350,9337,9339],{"id":9338},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9341,5485,9342,60],{},[15,9343,4006],{},[350,9345,9347],{"id":9346},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9349,9350,9351,60],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9352,3935],{},[350,9354,9356],{"id":9355},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9358,9359,9360,60],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9361,4006],{},[350,9363,9365],{"id":9364},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9367,9368,9369,3209,9371,4069],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9370,3935],{},[15,9372,4006],{},[288,9374,2221],{"id":2220},[40,9376,9377,9382,9386,9391,9395,9400],{},[43,9378,9379],{},[56,9380,9381],{"href":6113},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[43,9383,9384],{},[56,9385,8449],{"href":8448},[43,9387,9388],{},[56,9389,9390],{"href":8559},"Python input() function explained",[43,9392,9393],{},[56,9394,8783],{"href":2629},[43,9396,9397],{},[56,9398,9399],{"href":9321},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[43,9401,9402],{},[56,9403,9404],{"href":7550},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2250,9406,9407],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":9409},[9410,9411,9412,9413,9414,9415,9421,9427,9428,9436,9437,9444],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":7487,"depth":124,"text":7488},{"id":7554,"depth":124,"text":7555},{"id":7673,"depth":124,"text":7674},{"id":7868,"depth":124,"text":7869},{"id":8098,"depth":124,"text":8099,"children":9416},[9417,9418,9419,9420],{"id":8108,"depth":139,"text":8109},{"id":8204,"depth":139,"text":8205},{"id":8289,"depth":139,"text":8290},{"id":8362,"depth":139,"text":8363},{"id":8452,"depth":124,"text":8453,"children":9422},[9423,9425],{"id":8465,"depth":139,"text":9424},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8505,"depth":139,"text":9426},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8622,"depth":124,"text":8623},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":9429},[9430,9432,9433,9434],{"id":8793,"depth":139,"text":9431},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8890,"depth":139,"text":8891},{"id":9014,"depth":139,"text":9015},{"id":9121,"depth":139,"text":9435},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9212,"depth":124,"text":9213},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":9438},[9439,9440,9441,9442,9443],{"id":9327,"depth":139,"text":9328},{"id":9338,"depth":139,"text":9339},{"id":9346,"depth":139,"text":9347},{"id":9355,"depth":139,"text":9356},{"id":9364,"depth":139,"text":9365},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7314,"description":9445},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":9452,"description":2291,"extension":2292,"meta":11414,"navigation":142,"path":2294,"seo":11415,"stem":2296,"__hash__":2297},{"type":7,"value":9453,"toc":11384},[9454,9458,9462,9466,9470,9478,9482,9578,9582,9646,9650,9654,9658,9660,9668,9672,9674,9682,9686,9688,9692,9694,9718,9722,9730,9732,9794,9798,9830,9832,9876,9880,9916,9918,9920,9972,9976,10020,10022,10026,10064,10068,10090,10092,10104,10112,10114,10118,10184,10188,10224,10226,10232,10234,10296,10300,10332,10336,10338,10394,10398,10400,10476,10480,10512,10514,10516,10560,10564,10600,10602,10616,10618,10620,10668,10670,10678,10682,10690,10692,10746,10750,10790,10796,10802,10806,10812,10824,10828,10836,10906,10908,10918,10926,10928,10932,10934,10936,10978,10982,10984,11046,11048,11050,11058,11062,11098,11100,11102,11110,11112,11150,11152,11154,11204,11208,11228,11232,11234,11238,11256,11258,11310,11312,11320,11322,11328,11334,11338,11342,11346,11348,11352,11356,11358,11382],[10,9455,13,9456,18],{"id":12},[15,9457,17],{},[20,9459,22,9460,25],{},[15,9461,17],{},[20,9463,28,9464,33],{},[30,9465,32],{},[20,9467,9468,38],{},[15,9469,17],{},[40,9471,9472,9474,9476],{},[43,9473,45],{},[43,9475,48],{},[43,9477,51],{},[20,9479,54,9480,60],{},[56,9481,59],{"href":58},[62,9483,9484],{"className":64,"code":65,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9485,9486,9516,9526,9530,9564],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9487,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9489,78],{"class":77},[71,9491,82],{"class":81},[71,9493,86],{"class":85},[71,9495,90],{"class":89},[71,9497,94],{"class":93},[71,9499,82],{"class":81},[71,9501,100],{"class":99},[71,9503,104],{"class":103},[71,9505,100],{"class":99},[71,9507,109],{"class":89},[71,9509,112],{"class":93},[71,9511,82],{"class":81},[71,9513,118],{"class":117},[71,9515,121],{"class":89},[71,9517,9518,9520,9522,9524],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9519,128],{"class":127},[71,9521,90],{"class":89},[71,9523,134],{"class":133},[71,9525,121],{"class":89},[71,9527,9528],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,9529,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,9531,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,9533,149],{"class":77},[71,9535,82],{"class":81},[71,9537,154],{"class":89},[71,9539,100],{"class":99},[71,9541,56],{"class":103},[71,9543,100],{"class":99},[71,9545,109],{"class":89},[71,9547,165],{"class":117},[71,9549,168],{"class":89},[71,9551,171],{"class":89},[71,9553,100],{"class":99},[71,9555,176],{"class":103},[71,9557,100],{"class":99},[71,9559,109],{"class":89},[71,9561,183],{"class":117},[71,9563,186],{"class":89},[71,9565,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,9567,128],{"class":127},[71,9569,90],{"class":89},[71,9571,196],{"class":85},[71,9573,90],{"class":89},[71,9575,201],{"class":133},[71,9577,204],{"class":89},[20,9579,9580],{},[30,9581,209],{},[62,9583,9584],{"className":64,"code":212,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9585,9586,9618],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9587,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9589,219],{"class":89},[71,9591,100],{"class":99},[71,9593,94],{"class":103},[71,9595,100],{"class":99},[71,9597,228],{"class":89},[71,9599,231],{"class":99},[71,9601,104],{"class":103},[71,9603,100],{"class":99},[71,9605,109],{"class":89},[71,9607,231],{"class":99},[71,9609,242],{"class":103},[71,9611,100],{"class":99},[71,9613,228],{"class":89},[71,9615,249],{"class":117},[71,9617,252],{"class":89},[71,9619,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9621,219],{"class":89},[71,9623,100],{"class":99},[71,9625,56],{"class":103},[71,9627,100],{"class":99},[71,9629,228],{"class":89},[71,9631,165],{"class":117},[71,9633,109],{"class":89},[71,9635,231],{"class":99},[71,9637,176],{"class":103},[71,9639,100],{"class":99},[71,9641,228],{"class":89},[71,9643,183],{"class":117},[71,9645,252],{"class":89},[20,9647,283,9648,286],{},[15,9649,17],{},[288,9651,291,9652,294],{"id":290},[15,9653,17],{},[20,9655,9656,299],{},[15,9657,17],{},[20,9659,302],{},[40,9661,9662,9664,9666],{},[43,9663,307],{},[43,9665,310],{},[43,9667,313],{},[20,9669,9670,318],{},[15,9671,17],{},[20,9673,321],{},[40,9675,9676,9678,9680],{},[43,9677,326],{},[43,9679,329],{},[43,9681,332],{},[20,9683,335,9684,60],{},[56,9685,339],{"href":338},[288,9687,343],{"id":342},[20,9689,9690,348],{},[15,9691,17],{},[350,9693,353],{"id":352},[62,9695,9696],{"className":64,"code":356,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9697,9698,9708],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9699,9700,9702,9704,9706],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9701,78],{"class":77},[71,9703,82],{"class":81},[71,9705,86],{"class":85},[71,9707,369],{"class":89},[71,9709,9710,9712,9714,9716],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9711,128],{"class":127},[71,9713,90],{"class":89},[71,9715,134],{"class":133},[71,9717,121],{"class":89},[20,9719,9720],{},[30,9721,209],{},[62,9723,9724],{"className":64,"code":386,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9725,9726],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9727,9728],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9729,386],{"class":89},[350,9731,396],{"id":395},[62,9733,9734],{"className":64,"code":399,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9735,9736,9770,9784],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9737,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9739,149],{"class":77},[71,9741,82],{"class":81},[71,9743,154],{"class":89},[71,9745,100],{"class":99},[71,9747,56],{"class":103},[71,9749,100],{"class":99},[71,9751,109],{"class":89},[71,9753,165],{"class":117},[71,9755,168],{"class":89},[71,9757,171],{"class":89},[71,9759,100],{"class":99},[71,9761,176],{"class":103},[71,9763,100],{"class":99},[71,9765,109],{"class":89},[71,9767,183],{"class":117},[71,9769,186],{"class":89},[71,9771,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9773,78],{"class":77},[71,9775,82],{"class":81},[71,9777,86],{"class":85},[71,9779,90],{"class":89},[71,9781,201],{"class":133},[71,9783,121],{"class":89},[71,9785,9786,9788,9790,9792],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,9787,128],{"class":127},[71,9789,90],{"class":89},[71,9791,134],{"class":133},[71,9793,121],{"class":89},[20,9795,9796],{},[30,9797,209],{},[62,9799,9800],{"className":64,"code":466,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9801,9802],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9803,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9805,219],{"class":89},[71,9807,100],{"class":99},[71,9809,56],{"class":103},[71,9811,100],{"class":99},[71,9813,228],{"class":89},[71,9815,165],{"class":117},[71,9817,109],{"class":89},[71,9819,231],{"class":99},[71,9821,176],{"class":103},[71,9823,100],{"class":99},[71,9825,228],{"class":89},[71,9827,183],{"class":117},[71,9829,252],{"class":89},[350,9831,500],{"id":499},[62,9833,9834],{"className":64,"code":503,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9835,9836,9866],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9837,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9839,78],{"class":77},[71,9841,82],{"class":81},[71,9843,86],{"class":85},[71,9845,90],{"class":89},[71,9847,94],{"class":93},[71,9849,82],{"class":81},[71,9851,100],{"class":99},[71,9853,104],{"class":103},[71,9855,100],{"class":99},[71,9857,109],{"class":89},[71,9859,112],{"class":93},[71,9861,82],{"class":81},[71,9863,118],{"class":117},[71,9865,121],{"class":89},[71,9867,9868,9870,9872,9874],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9869,128],{"class":127},[71,9871,90],{"class":89},[71,9873,134],{"class":133},[71,9875,121],{"class":89},[20,9877,9878],{},[30,9879,209],{},[62,9881,9882],{"className":64,"code":552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9883,9884],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9885,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9887,219],{"class":89},[71,9889,100],{"class":99},[71,9891,94],{"class":103},[71,9893,100],{"class":99},[71,9895,228],{"class":89},[71,9897,231],{"class":99},[71,9899,104],{"class":103},[71,9901,100],{"class":99},[71,9903,109],{"class":89},[71,9905,231],{"class":99},[71,9907,242],{"class":103},[71,9909,100],{"class":99},[71,9911,228],{"class":89},[71,9913,249],{"class":117},[71,9915,252],{"class":89},[350,9917,590],{"id":589},[20,9919,593],{},[62,9921,9922],{"className":64,"code":596,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9923,9924,9962],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9925,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9927,78],{"class":77},[71,9929,82],{"class":81},[71,9931,86],{"class":85},[71,9933,609],{"class":89},[71,9935,100],{"class":99},[71,9937,56],{"class":103},[71,9939,100],{"class":99},[71,9941,109],{"class":89},[71,9943,165],{"class":117},[71,9945,622],{"class":89},[71,9947,625],{"class":93},[71,9949,82],{"class":81},[71,9951,630],{"class":117},[71,9953,109],{"class":89},[71,9955,635],{"class":93},[71,9957,82],{"class":81},[71,9959,640],{"class":117},[71,9961,121],{"class":89},[71,9963,9964,9966,9968,9970],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,9965,128],{"class":127},[71,9967,90],{"class":89},[71,9969,134],{"class":133},[71,9971,121],{"class":89},[20,9973,9974],{},[30,9975,209],{},[62,9977,9978],{"className":64,"code":659,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,9979,9980],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,9981,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,9983,219],{"class":89},[71,9985,100],{"class":99},[71,9987,56],{"class":103},[71,9989,100],{"class":99},[71,9991,228],{"class":89},[71,9993,165],{"class":117},[71,9995,109],{"class":89},[71,9997,231],{"class":99},[71,9999,176],{"class":103},[71,10001,100],{"class":99},[71,10003,228],{"class":89},[71,10005,183],{"class":117},[71,10007,109],{"class":89},[71,10009,231],{"class":99},[71,10011,694],{"class":103},[71,10013,100],{"class":99},[71,10015,228],{"class":89},[71,10017,701],{"class":117},[71,10019,252],{"class":89},[288,10021,353],{"id":706},[20,10023,283,10024,711],{},[15,10025,17],{},[62,10027,10028],{"className":64,"code":714,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10029,10030,10040,10054],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10031,10032,10034,10036,10038],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10033,78],{"class":77},[71,10035,82],{"class":81},[71,10037,86],{"class":85},[71,10039,369],{"class":89},[71,10041,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10043,128],{"class":127},[71,10045,90],{"class":89},[71,10047,735],{"class":85},[71,10049,90],{"class":89},[71,10051,134],{"class":133},[71,10053,204],{"class":89},[71,10055,10056,10058,10060,10062],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,10057,128],{"class":127},[71,10059,90],{"class":89},[71,10061,134],{"class":133},[71,10063,121],{"class":89},[20,10065,10066],{},[30,10067,209],{},[62,10069,10070],{"className":64,"code":758,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10071,10072,10086],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10073,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10075,765],{"class":81},[71,10077,769],{"class":768},[71,10079,231],{"class":99},[71,10081,196],{"class":103},[71,10083,100],{"class":99},[71,10085,778],{"class":81},[71,10087,10088],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10089,386],{"class":89},[20,10091,785],{},[62,10093,10094],{"className":64,"code":788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10095,10096],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10097,10098,10100,10102],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10099,78],{"class":77},[71,10101,82],{"class":81},[71,10103,799],{"class":89},[20,10105,802,10106,806,10108,810,10110,813],{},[15,10107,805],{},[808,10109],{},[15,10111,17],{},[288,10113,817],{"id":816},[20,10115,820,10116,60],{},[15,10117,17],{},[62,10119,10120],{"className":64,"code":825,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10121,10122,10160,10174],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10123,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10125,149],{"class":77},[71,10127,82],{"class":81},[71,10129,154],{"class":89},[71,10131,100],{"class":99},[71,10133,94],{"class":103},[71,10135,100],{"class":99},[71,10137,109],{"class":89},[71,10139,231],{"class":99},[71,10141,104],{"class":103},[71,10143,100],{"class":99},[71,10145,168],{"class":89},[71,10147,171],{"class":89},[71,10149,100],{"class":99},[71,10151,242],{"class":103},[71,10153,100],{"class":99},[71,10155,109],{"class":89},[71,10157,249],{"class":117},[71,10159,186],{"class":89},[71,10161,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10163,78],{"class":77},[71,10165,82],{"class":81},[71,10167,86],{"class":85},[71,10169,90],{"class":89},[71,10171,201],{"class":133},[71,10173,121],{"class":89},[71,10175,10176,10178,10180,10182],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,10177,128],{"class":127},[71,10179,90],{"class":89},[71,10181,134],{"class":133},[71,10183,121],{"class":89},[20,10185,10186],{},[30,10187,209],{},[62,10189,10190],{"className":64,"code":552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10191,10192],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10193,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10195,219],{"class":89},[71,10197,100],{"class":99},[71,10199,94],{"class":103},[71,10201,100],{"class":99},[71,10203,228],{"class":89},[71,10205,231],{"class":99},[71,10207,104],{"class":103},[71,10209,100],{"class":99},[71,10211,109],{"class":89},[71,10213,231],{"class":99},[71,10215,242],{"class":103},[71,10217,100],{"class":99},[71,10219,228],{"class":89},[71,10221,249],{"class":117},[71,10223,252],{"class":89},[20,10225,932],{},[40,10227,10228,10230],{},[43,10229,937],{},[43,10231,940],{},[20,10233,943],{},[62,10235,10236],{"className":64,"code":946,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10237,10238,10272,10286],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10239,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10241,149],{"class":77},[71,10243,82],{"class":81},[71,10245,957],{"class":89},[71,10247,100],{"class":99},[71,10249,56],{"class":103},[71,10251,100],{"class":99},[71,10253,109],{"class":89},[71,10255,165],{"class":117},[71,10257,168],{"class":89},[71,10259,171],{"class":89},[71,10261,100],{"class":99},[71,10263,176],{"class":103},[71,10265,100],{"class":99},[71,10267,109],{"class":89},[71,10269,183],{"class":117},[71,10271,204],{"class":89},[71,10273,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10275,78],{"class":77},[71,10277,82],{"class":81},[71,10279,86],{"class":85},[71,10281,90],{"class":89},[71,10283,201],{"class":133},[71,10285,121],{"class":89},[71,10287,10288,10290,10292,10294],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,10289,128],{"class":127},[71,10291,90],{"class":89},[71,10293,134],{"class":133},[71,10295,121],{"class":89},[20,10297,10298],{},[30,10299,209],{},[62,10301,10302],{"className":64,"code":466,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10303,10304],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10305,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10307,219],{"class":89},[71,10309,100],{"class":99},[71,10311,56],{"class":103},[71,10313,100],{"class":99},[71,10315,228],{"class":89},[71,10317,165],{"class":117},[71,10319,109],{"class":89},[71,10321,231],{"class":99},[71,10323,176],{"class":103},[71,10325,100],{"class":99},[71,10327,228],{"class":89},[71,10329,183],{"class":117},[71,10331,252],{"class":89},[20,10333,1046,10334,60],{},[30,10335,1049],{},[20,10337,1052],{},[62,10339,10340],{"className":64,"code":1055,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10341,10342,10380],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10343,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10345,1062],{"class":77},[71,10347,82],{"class":81},[71,10349,154],{"class":89},[71,10351,100],{"class":99},[71,10353,56],{"class":103},[71,10355,100],{"class":99},[71,10357,109],{"class":89},[71,10359,165],{"class":117},[71,10361,109],{"class":89},[71,10363,1081],{"class":117},[71,10365,168],{"class":89},[71,10367,171],{"class":89},[71,10369,100],{"class":99},[71,10371,176],{"class":103},[71,10373,100],{"class":99},[71,10375,109],{"class":89},[71,10377,183],{"class":117},[71,10379,186],{"class":89},[71,10381,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10383,1102],{"class":77},[71,10385,82],{"class":81},[71,10387,86],{"class":85},[71,10389,90],{"class":89},[71,10391,1111],{"class":133},[71,10393,121],{"class":89},[20,10395,1116,10396,1120],{},[15,10397,1119],{},[20,10399,1123],{},[62,10401,10402],{"className":64,"code":1126,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10403,10404,10452,10466],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10405,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10407,149],{"class":77},[71,10409,82],{"class":81},[71,10411,154],{"class":89},[71,10413,100],{"class":99},[71,10415,56],{"class":103},[71,10417,100],{"class":99},[71,10419,109],{"class":89},[71,10421,165],{"class":117},[71,10423,168],{"class":89},[71,10425,171],{"class":89},[71,10427,100],{"class":99},[71,10429,56],{"class":103},[71,10431,100],{"class":99},[71,10433,109],{"class":89},[71,10435,1161],{"class":117},[71,10437,168],{"class":89},[71,10439,171],{"class":89},[71,10441,100],{"class":99},[71,10443,176],{"class":103},[71,10445,100],{"class":99},[71,10447,109],{"class":89},[71,10449,183],{"class":117},[71,10451,186],{"class":89},[71,10453,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10455,78],{"class":77},[71,10457,82],{"class":81},[71,10459,86],{"class":85},[71,10461,90],{"class":89},[71,10463,201],{"class":133},[71,10465,121],{"class":89},[71,10467,10468,10470,10472,10474],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,10469,128],{"class":127},[71,10471,90],{"class":89},[71,10473,134],{"class":133},[71,10475,121],{"class":89},[20,10477,10478],{},[30,10479,209],{},[62,10481,10482],{"className":64,"code":1208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10483,10484],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10485,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10487,219],{"class":89},[71,10489,100],{"class":99},[71,10491,56],{"class":103},[71,10493,100],{"class":99},[71,10495,228],{"class":89},[71,10497,1161],{"class":117},[71,10499,109],{"class":89},[71,10501,231],{"class":99},[71,10503,176],{"class":103},[71,10505,100],{"class":99},[71,10507,228],{"class":89},[71,10509,183],{"class":117},[71,10511,252],{"class":89},[288,10513,1242],{"id":1241},[20,10515,1245],{},[62,10517,10518],{"className":64,"code":503,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10519,10520,10550],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10521,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10523,78],{"class":77},[71,10525,82],{"class":81},[71,10527,86],{"class":85},[71,10529,90],{"class":89},[71,10531,94],{"class":93},[71,10533,82],{"class":81},[71,10535,100],{"class":99},[71,10537,104],{"class":103},[71,10539,100],{"class":99},[71,10541,109],{"class":89},[71,10543,112],{"class":93},[71,10545,82],{"class":81},[71,10547,118],{"class":117},[71,10549,121],{"class":89},[71,10551,10552,10554,10556,10558],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10553,128],{"class":127},[71,10555,90],{"class":89},[71,10557,134],{"class":133},[71,10559,121],{"class":89},[20,10561,10562],{},[30,10563,209],{},[62,10565,10566],{"className":64,"code":552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10567,10568],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10569,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10588,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10571,219],{"class":89},[71,10573,100],{"class":99},[71,10575,94],{"class":103},[71,10577,100],{"class":99},[71,10579,228],{"class":89},[71,10581,231],{"class":99},[71,10583,104],{"class":103},[71,10585,100],{"class":99},[71,10587,109],{"class":89},[71,10589,231],{"class":99},[71,10591,242],{"class":103},[71,10593,100],{"class":99},[71,10595,228],{"class":89},[71,10597,249],{"class":117},[71,10599,252],{"class":89},[20,10601,1332],{},[40,10603,10604,10610],{},[43,10605,10606,1339,10608],{},[15,10607,94],{},[15,10609,1342],{},[43,10611,10612,1339,10614],{},[15,10613,242],{},[15,10615,1349],{},[20,10617,1352],{},[20,10619,1355],{},[62,10621,10622],{"className":64,"code":1358,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10623,10624,10658],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10625,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654,10656],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10627,78],{"class":77},[71,10629,82],{"class":81},[71,10631,86],{"class":85},[71,10633,90],{"class":89},[71,10635,1373],{"class":93},[71,10637,82],{"class":81},[71,10639,100],{"class":99},[71,10641,1380],{"class":103},[71,10643,100],{"class":99},[71,10645,109],{"class":89},[71,10647,1387],{"class":93},[71,10649,82],{"class":81},[71,10651,100],{"class":99},[71,10653,1394],{"class":103},[71,10655,100],{"class":99},[71,10657,121],{"class":89},[71,10659,10660,10662,10664,10666],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10661,128],{"class":127},[71,10663,90],{"class":89},[71,10665,134],{"class":133},[71,10667,121],{"class":89},[20,10669,1411],{},[40,10671,10672,10674,10676],{},[43,10673,1416],{},[43,10675,1419],{},[43,10677,1422],{},[20,10679,1425,10680,1429],{},[30,10681,1428],{},[62,10683,10684],{"className":64,"code":1432,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10685,10686],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10687,10688],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10689,1432],{"class":1439},[20,10691,1442],{},[62,10693,10694],{"className":64,"code":1445,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10695,10696,10736],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10697,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10699,78],{"class":77},[71,10701,82],{"class":81},[71,10703,1456],{"class":89},[71,10705,100],{"class":99},[71,10707,1461],{"class":103},[71,10709,100],{"class":99},[71,10711,228],{"class":89},[71,10713,231],{"class":99},[71,10715,1470],{"class":103},[71,10717,100],{"class":99},[71,10719,109],{"class":89},[71,10721,231],{"class":99},[71,10723,1479],{"class":103},[71,10725,100],{"class":99},[71,10727,228],{"class":89},[71,10729,231],{"class":99},[71,10731,1470],{"class":103},[71,10733,100],{"class":99},[71,10735,252],{"class":89},[71,10737,10738,10740,10742,10744],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10739,128],{"class":127},[71,10741,90],{"class":89},[71,10743,134],{"class":133},[71,10745,121],{"class":89},[20,10747,10748],{},[30,10749,209],{},[62,10751,10752],{"className":64,"code":1508,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10753,10754],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10755,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10788],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10757,219],{"class":89},[71,10759,100],{"class":99},[71,10761,1461],{"class":103},[71,10763,100],{"class":99},[71,10765,228],{"class":89},[71,10767,231],{"class":99},[71,10769,1470],{"class":103},[71,10771,100],{"class":99},[71,10773,109],{"class":89},[71,10775,231],{"class":99},[71,10777,1479],{"class":103},[71,10779,100],{"class":99},[71,10781,228],{"class":89},[71,10783,231],{"class":99},[71,10785,1470],{"class":103},[71,10787,100],{"class":99},[71,10789,252],{"class":89},[288,10791,10792,1552,10794],{"id":1549},[15,10793,17],{},[15,10795,805],{},[20,10797,1557,10798,1560,10800,1563],{},[15,10799,17],{},[15,10801,805],{},[350,10803,283,10804,1569],{"id":1566},[15,10805,805],{},[40,10807,10808,10810],{},[43,10809,1574],{},[43,10811,1577],{},[62,10813,10814],{"className":64,"code":788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10815,10816],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10817,10818,10820,10822],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10819,78],{"class":77},[71,10821,82],{"class":81},[71,10823,799],{"class":89},[350,10825,283,10826,1569],{"id":1592},[15,10827,17],{},[40,10829,10830,10832,10834],{},[43,10831,1599],{},[43,10833,1602],{},[43,10835,1605],{},[62,10837,10838],{"className":64,"code":1608,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10839,10840,10876],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10841,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870,10872,10874],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10843,78],{"class":77},[71,10845,82],{"class":81},[71,10847,86],{"class":85},[71,10849,609],{"class":89},[71,10851,100],{"class":99},[71,10853,56],{"class":103},[71,10855,100],{"class":99},[71,10857,109],{"class":89},[71,10859,165],{"class":117},[71,10861,168],{"class":89},[71,10863,171],{"class":89},[71,10865,100],{"class":99},[71,10867,176],{"class":103},[71,10869,100],{"class":99},[71,10871,109],{"class":89},[71,10873,183],{"class":117},[71,10875,1647],{"class":89},[71,10877,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10879,1652],{"class":77},[71,10881,82],{"class":81},[71,10883,86],{"class":85},[71,10885,90],{"class":89},[71,10887,94],{"class":93},[71,10889,82],{"class":81},[71,10891,100],{"class":99},[71,10893,104],{"class":103},[71,10895,100],{"class":99},[71,10897,109],{"class":89},[71,10899,112],{"class":93},[71,10901,82],{"class":81},[71,10903,118],{"class":117},[71,10905,121],{"class":89},[20,10907,1681],{},[40,10909,10910,10914],{},[43,10911,10912,1688],{},[15,10913,805],{},[43,10915,10916,1693],{},[15,10917,17],{},[20,10919,1696,10920,1701,10922,60],{},[56,10921,1700],{"href":1699},[56,10923,1705,10924,1709],{"href":1704},[15,10925,1708],{},[288,10927,1713],{"id":1712},[20,10929,1716,10930,60],{},[15,10931,17],{},[350,10933,1722],{"id":1721},[20,10935,1725],{},[62,10937,10938],{"className":64,"code":1728,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10939,10940,10964],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10941,10942,10944,10946,10948,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10943,1735],{"class":77},[71,10945,82],{"class":81},[71,10947,1740],{"class":89},[71,10949,100],{"class":99},[71,10951,56],{"class":103},[71,10953,100],{"class":99},[71,10955,109],{"class":89},[71,10957,231],{"class":99},[71,10959,176],{"class":103},[71,10961,100],{"class":99},[71,10963,1757],{"class":89},[71,10965,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,10967,78],{"class":77},[71,10969,82],{"class":81},[71,10971,86],{"class":85},[71,10973,90],{"class":89},[71,10975,1770],{"class":133},[71,10977,121],{"class":89},[20,10979,1775,10980,60],{},[15,10981,1778],{},[20,10983,1781],{},[62,10985,10986],{"className":64,"code":1784,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,10987,10988,11022,11036],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,10989,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,10991,1735],{"class":77},[71,10993,82],{"class":81},[71,10995,154],{"class":89},[71,10997,100],{"class":99},[71,10999,56],{"class":103},[71,11001,100],{"class":99},[71,11003,109],{"class":89},[71,11005,165],{"class":117},[71,11007,168],{"class":89},[71,11009,171],{"class":89},[71,11011,100],{"class":99},[71,11013,176],{"class":103},[71,11015,100],{"class":99},[71,11017,109],{"class":89},[71,11019,183],{"class":117},[71,11021,186],{"class":89},[71,11023,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11025,78],{"class":77},[71,11027,82],{"class":81},[71,11029,86],{"class":85},[71,11031,90],{"class":89},[71,11033,1770],{"class":133},[71,11035,121],{"class":89},[71,11037,11038,11040,11042,11044],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,11039,128],{"class":127},[71,11041,90],{"class":89},[71,11043,134],{"class":133},[71,11045,121],{"class":89},[350,11047,1848],{"id":1847},[20,11049,1851],{},[62,11051,11052],{"className":64,"code":1854,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,11053,11054],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11055,11056],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11057,1854],{"class":1439},[20,11059,1863,11060,228],{},[15,11061,82],{},[62,11063,11064],{"className":64,"code":1868,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,11065,11066,11088],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11067,11068,11070,11072,11074,11076,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11069,78],{"class":77},[71,11071,82],{"class":81},[71,11073,86],{"class":85},[71,11075,90],{"class":89},[71,11077,94],{"class":93},[71,11079,82],{"class":81},[71,11081,100],{"class":99},[71,11083,104],{"class":103},[71,11085,100],{"class":99},[71,11087,121],{"class":89},[71,11089,11090,11092,11094,11096],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11091,128],{"class":127},[71,11093,90],{"class":89},[71,11095,134],{"class":133},[71,11097,121],{"class":89},[350,11099,1906],{"id":1905},[20,11101,1909],{},[62,11103,11104],{"className":64,"code":1432,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,11105,11106],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11107,11108],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11109,1432],{"class":1439},[20,11111,1920],{},[62,11113,11114],{"className":64,"code":1923,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,11115,11116,11140],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11117,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11119,78],{"class":77},[71,11121,82],{"class":81},[71,11123,1456],{"class":89},[71,11125,100],{"class":99},[71,11127,1461],{"class":103},[71,11129,100],{"class":99},[71,11131,228],{"class":89},[71,11133,231],{"class":99},[71,11135,1470],{"class":103},[71,11137,100],{"class":99},[71,11139,252],{"class":89},[71,11141,11142,11144,11146,11148],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11143,128],{"class":127},[71,11145,90],{"class":89},[71,11147,134],{"class":133},[71,11149,121],{"class":89},[350,11151,1963],{"id":1962},[20,11153,1966],{},[62,11155,11156],{"className":64,"code":1969,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,11157,11158,11194],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11159,11160,11162,11164,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11161,78],{"class":77},[71,11163,82],{"class":81},[71,11165,86],{"class":85},[71,11167,609],{"class":89},[71,11169,100],{"class":99},[71,11171,1986],{"class":103},[71,11173,100],{"class":99},[71,11175,109],{"class":89},[71,11177,165],{"class":117},[71,11179,168],{"class":89},[71,11181,171],{"class":89},[71,11183,100],{"class":99},[71,11185,1986],{"class":103},[71,11187,100],{"class":99},[71,11189,109],{"class":89},[71,11191,183],{"class":117},[71,11193,1647],{"class":89},[71,11195,11196,11198,11200,11202],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11197,128],{"class":127},[71,11199,90],{"class":89},[71,11201,134],{"class":133},[71,11203,121],{"class":89},[20,11205,11206],{},[30,11207,209],{},[62,11209,11210],{"className":64,"code":2025,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,11211,11212],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11213,11214,11216,11218,11220,11222,11224,11226],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11215,219],{"class":89},[71,11217,100],{"class":99},[71,11219,1986],{"class":103},[71,11221,100],{"class":99},[71,11223,228],{"class":89},[71,11225,183],{"class":117},[71,11227,252],{"class":89},[20,11229,2046,11230,60],{},[56,11231,2050],{"href":2049},[288,11233,2054],{"id":2053},[20,11235,2057,11236,2060],{},[15,11237,17],{},[40,11239,11240,11246,11250,11252],{},[43,11241,2065,11242,2069,11244],{},[15,11243,2068],{},[15,11245,2072],{},[43,11247,2075,11248],{},[15,11249,2078],{},[43,11251,2081],{},[43,11253,2084,11254,2087],{},[15,11255,17],{},[20,11257,2090],{},[62,11259,11260],{"className":64,"code":2093,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,11261,11262,11276,11286,11296],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11263,11264,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11265,128],{"class":127},[71,11267,90],{"class":89},[71,11269,735],{"class":85},[71,11271,90],{"class":89},[71,11273,134],{"class":133},[71,11275,204],{"class":89},[71,11277,11278,11280,11282,11284],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11279,128],{"class":127},[71,11281,90],{"class":89},[71,11283,134],{"class":133},[71,11285,121],{"class":89},[71,11287,11288,11290,11292,11294],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,11289,128],{"class":127},[71,11291,90],{"class":89},[71,11293,2128],{"class":133},[71,11295,121],{"class":89},[71,11297,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,11299,128],{"class":127},[71,11301,90],{"class":89},[71,11303,2139],{"class":127},[71,11305,90],{"class":89},[71,11307,2128],{"class":133},[71,11309,204],{"class":89},[20,11311,2148],{},[40,11313,11314,11316,11318],{},[43,11315,2153],{},[43,11317,2156],{},[43,11319,2159],{},[288,11321,2163],{"id":2162},[350,11323,2167,11324,1560,11326,2172],{"id":2166},[15,11325,17],{},[15,11327,805],{},[20,11329,11330,2177,11332,2180],{},[15,11331,805],{},[15,11333,17],{},[350,11335,2184,11336,2187],{"id":2183},[15,11337,17],{},[20,11339,2190,11340,60],{},[15,11341,2072],{},[350,11343,2196,11344,2200],{"id":2195},[15,11345,2199],{},[20,11347,2203],{},[350,11349,2207,11350,2210],{"id":2206},[15,11351,17],{},[20,11353,2213,11354,2217],{},[15,11355,2216],{},[288,11357,2221],{"id":2220},[40,11359,11360,11364,11368,11372,11378],{},[43,11361,11362],{},[56,11363,2228],{"href":338},[43,11365,11366],{},[56,11367,59],{"href":58},[43,11369,11370],{},[56,11371,2237],{"href":1699},[43,11373,11374],{},[56,11375,1705,11376,1709],{"href":1704},[15,11377,1708],{},[43,11379,11380],{},[56,11381,2248],{"href":2049},[2250,11383,2252],{},{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":11385},[11386,11387,11393,11394,11395,11396,11400,11406,11407,11413],{"id":290,"depth":124,"text":2256},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":11388},[11389,11390,11391,11392],{"id":352,"depth":139,"text":353},{"id":395,"depth":139,"text":396},{"id":499,"depth":139,"text":500},{"id":589,"depth":139,"text":590},{"id":706,"depth":124,"text":353},{"id":816,"depth":124,"text":817},{"id":1241,"depth":124,"text":1242},{"id":1549,"depth":124,"text":2267,"children":11397},[11398,11399],{"id":1566,"depth":139,"text":2270},{"id":1592,"depth":139,"text":2272},{"id":1712,"depth":124,"text":1713,"children":11401},[11402,11403,11404,11405],{"id":1721,"depth":139,"text":1722},{"id":1847,"depth":139,"text":1848},{"id":1905,"depth":139,"text":1906},{"id":1962,"depth":139,"text":1963},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":11408},[11409,11410,11411,11412],{"id":2166,"depth":139,"text":2283},{"id":2183,"depth":139,"text":2285},{"id":2195,"depth":139,"text":2287},{"id":2206,"depth":139,"text":2289},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},{},{"title":5,"description":2291},{"id":11417,"title":11418,"body":11419,"description":12931,"extension":2292,"meta":12932,"navigation":142,"path":12933,"seo":12934,"stem":12935,"__hash__":12936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11420,"toc":12900},[11421,11429,11435,11442,11444,11505,11510,11515,11520,11538,11541,11545,11547,11563,11566,11579,11583,11586,11720,11722,11789,11792,11808,11814,11820,11823,11905,11907,11921,11925,11931,11996,11998,12006,12009,12032,12038,12101,12107,12110,12124,12137,12141,12152,12157,12168,12175,12179,12185,12307,12309,12335,12338,12355,12358,12469,12471,12520,12522,12535,12544,12549,12554,12565,12567,12670,12693,12695,12699,12718,12721,12779,12782,12808,12810,12817,12820,12826,12830,12837,12845,12851,12854,12856,12897],[10,11422,11424,11425,11428],{"id":11423},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11426,11427],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11430,11431,11434],{},[15,11432,11433],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11436,11437,11438,11441],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[30,11439,11440],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[288,11443,2334],{"id":2333},[62,11445,11447],{"className":64,"code":11446,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11448,11449,11481,11492],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11450,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477,11479],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11452,78],{"class":77},[71,11454,82],{"class":81},[71,11456,1456],{"class":89},[71,11458,3184],{"class":99},[71,11460,56],{"class":103},[71,11462,3184],{"class":99},[71,11464,228],{"class":89},[71,11466,165],{"class":117},[71,11468,109],{"class":89},[71,11470,3683],{"class":99},[71,11472,176],{"class":103},[71,11474,3184],{"class":99},[71,11476,228],{"class":89},[71,11478,183],{"class":117},[71,11480,252],{"class":89},[71,11482,11483,11485,11487,11490],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11484,134],{"class":77},[71,11486,60],{"class":89},[71,11488,11489],{"class":133},"clear",[71,11491,369],{"class":89},[71,11493,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,11495,128],{"class":127},[71,11497,90],{"class":89},[71,11499,134],{"class":133},[71,11501,3993],{"class":89},[71,11503,11504],{"class":1439},"  # {}\n",[20,11506,11507,11509],{},[15,11508,11427],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[288,11511,291,11513,294],{"id":11512},"what-clear-does",[15,11514,11427],{},[20,11516,2309,11517,11519],{},[15,11518,11427],{}," method:",[40,11521,11522,11525,11528,11533],{},[43,11523,11524],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[43,11526,11527],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[43,11529,11530,11531],{},"Returns ",[15,11532,4110],{},[43,11534,11535,11536],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11537,805],{},[20,11539,11540],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11542,54,11543,60],{},[56,11544,59],{"href":58},[288,11546,343],{"id":342},[62,11548,11550],{"className":64,"code":11549,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11551,11552],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11553,11554,11557,11559,11561],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11555,11556],{"class":77},"my_dict",[71,11558,60],{"class":89},[71,11560,11489],{"class":133},[71,11562,369],{"class":89},[20,11564,11565],{},"Important points:",[40,11567,11568,11573,11576],{},[43,11569,11570,11572],{},[15,11571,11427],{}," takes no arguments",[43,11574,11575],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[43,11577,11578],{},"It empties that dictionary",[288,11580,11582],{"id":11581},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11584,11585],{},"Here is a basic example:",[62,11587,11589],{"className":64,"code":11588,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11590,11591,11601,11622,11636,11653,11657,11661,11681,11685,11696,11700],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11592,11593,11596,11598],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11594,11595],{"class":77},"user ",[71,11597,82],{"class":81},[71,11599,11600],{"class":89}," {\n",[71,11602,11603,11606,11608,11610,11612,11614,11617,11619],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11604,11605],{"class":99},"    \"",[71,11607,94],{"class":103},[71,11609,3184],{"class":99},[71,11611,228],{"class":89},[71,11613,3683],{"class":99},[71,11615,11616],{"class":103},"Maya",[71,11618,3184],{"class":99},[71,11620,11621],{"class":89},",\n",[71,11623,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11634],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,11625,11605],{"class":99},[71,11627,242],{"class":103},[71,11629,3184],{"class":99},[71,11631,228],{"class":89},[71,11633,249],{"class":117},[71,11635,11621],{"class":89},[71,11637,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11648,11651],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,11639,11605],{"class":99},[71,11641,1373],{"class":103},[71,11643,3184],{"class":99},[71,11645,228],{"class":89},[71,11647,3683],{"class":99},[71,11649,11650],{"class":103},"Berlin",[71,11652,3689],{"class":99},[71,11654,11655],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,11656,252],{"class":89},[71,11658,11659],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,11660,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,11662,11663,11665,11667,11669,11672,11674,11676,11679],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,11664,128],{"class":127},[71,11666,90],{"class":89},[71,11668,3184],{"class":99},[71,11670,11671],{"class":103},"Before:",[71,11673,3184],{"class":99},[71,11675,109],{"class":89},[71,11677,11678],{"class":133}," user",[71,11680,121],{"class":89},[71,11682,11683],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,11684,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,11686,11687,11690,11692,11694],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,11688,11689],{"class":77},"user",[71,11691,60],{"class":89},[71,11693,11489],{"class":133},[71,11695,369],{"class":89},[71,11697,11698],{"class":73,"line":6775},[71,11699,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11712,11714,11716,11718],{"class":73,"line":11702},11,[71,11704,128],{"class":127},[71,11706,90],{"class":89},[71,11708,3184],{"class":99},[71,11710,11711],{"class":103},"After:",[71,11713,3184],{"class":99},[71,11715,109],{"class":89},[71,11717,11678],{"class":133},[71,11719,121],{"class":89},[20,11721,5895],{},[62,11723,11725],{"className":64,"code":11724,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11726,11727,11780],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11728,11729,11732,11734,11736,11738,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11730,11731],{"class":77},"Before",[71,11733,228],{"class":89},[71,11735,1456],{"class":89},[71,11737,100],{"class":99},[71,11739,94],{"class":103},[71,11741,100],{"class":99},[71,11743,228],{"class":89},[71,11745,231],{"class":99},[71,11747,11616],{"class":103},[71,11749,100],{"class":99},[71,11751,109],{"class":89},[71,11753,231],{"class":99},[71,11755,242],{"class":103},[71,11757,100],{"class":99},[71,11759,228],{"class":89},[71,11761,249],{"class":117},[71,11763,109],{"class":89},[71,11765,231],{"class":99},[71,11767,1373],{"class":103},[71,11769,100],{"class":99},[71,11771,228],{"class":89},[71,11773,231],{"class":99},[71,11775,11650],{"class":103},[71,11777,100],{"class":99},[71,11779,252],{"class":89},[71,11781,11782,11785,11787],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11783,11784],{"class":77},"After",[71,11786,228],{"class":89},[71,11788,799],{"class":89},[20,11790,11791],{},"What happens here:",[40,11793,11794,11799,11805],{},[43,11795,11796,11798],{},[15,11797,11689],{}," starts with three items",[43,11800,11801,11804],{},[15,11802,11803],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[43,11806,11807],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[288,11809,291,11811,11813],{"id":11810},"what-clear-returns",[15,11812,11427],{}," returns",[20,11815,11816,2728,11818,60],{},[15,11817,11427],{},[15,11819,4110],{},[20,11821,11822],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[62,11824,11826],{"className":64,"code":11825,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11827,11828,11862,11866,11881,11885,11895],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11829,11830,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11854,11856,11858,11860],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11831,11832],{"class":77},"my_dict ",[71,11834,82],{"class":81},[71,11836,1456],{"class":89},[71,11838,3184],{"class":99},[71,11840,1986],{"class":103},[71,11842,3184],{"class":99},[71,11844,228],{"class":89},[71,11846,165],{"class":117},[71,11848,109],{"class":89},[71,11850,3683],{"class":99},[71,11852,11853],{"class":103},"y",[71,11855,3184],{"class":99},[71,11857,228],{"class":89},[71,11859,183],{"class":117},[71,11861,252],{"class":89},[71,11863,11864],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11865,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,11867,11868,11870,11872,11875,11877,11879],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,11869,1102],{"class":77},[71,11871,82],{"class":81},[71,11873,11874],{"class":77}," my_dict",[71,11876,60],{"class":89},[71,11878,11489],{"class":133},[71,11880,369],{"class":89},[71,11882,11883],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,11884,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,11886,11887,11889,11891,11893],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,11888,128],{"class":127},[71,11890,90],{"class":89},[71,11892,2594],{"class":133},[71,11894,121],{"class":89},[71,11896,11897,11899,11901,11903],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,11898,128],{"class":127},[71,11900,90],{"class":89},[71,11902,11556],{"class":133},[71,11904,121],{"class":89},[20,11906,209],{},[62,11908,11910],{"className":64,"code":11909,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"None\n{}\n",[15,11911,11912,11917],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11913,11914],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11915,11916],{"class":4184},"None\n",[71,11918,11919],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11920,386],{"class":89},[350,11922,11924],{"id":11923},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11926,11927,11928,11930],{},"Do ",[30,11929,4967],{}," do this:",[62,11932,11934],{"className":64,"code":11933,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11935,11936,11968,11982,11986],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,11937,11938,11940,11942,11944,11946,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,11939,11832],{"class":77},[71,11941,82],{"class":81},[71,11943,1456],{"class":89},[71,11945,3184],{"class":99},[71,11947,1986],{"class":103},[71,11949,3184],{"class":99},[71,11951,228],{"class":89},[71,11953,165],{"class":117},[71,11955,109],{"class":89},[71,11957,3683],{"class":99},[71,11959,11853],{"class":103},[71,11961,3184],{"class":99},[71,11963,228],{"class":89},[71,11965,183],{"class":117},[71,11967,252],{"class":89},[71,11969,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,11971,11832],{"class":77},[71,11973,82],{"class":81},[71,11975,11874],{"class":77},[71,11977,60],{"class":89},[71,11979,11489],{"class":133},[71,11981,369],{"class":89},[71,11983,11984],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,11985,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,11987,11988,11990,11992,11994],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,11989,128],{"class":127},[71,11991,90],{"class":89},[71,11993,11556],{"class":133},[71,11995,121],{"class":89},[20,11997,209],{},[62,11999,12000],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,12001,12002],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12003,12004],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12005,11916],{"class":4184},[20,12007,12008],{},"Why this happens:",[40,12010,12011,12017,12022],{},[43,12012,12013,12016],{},[15,12014,12015],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[43,12018,12019,12020],{},"The method returns ",[15,12021,4110],{},[43,12023,12024,12025,12028,12029,12031],{},"Then ",[15,12026,12027],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12030,4110],{}," in the variable",[20,12033,12034,12035,12037],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12036,11427],{}," by itself:",[62,12039,12041],{"className":64,"code":12040,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12042,12043,12075,12085,12089],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12044,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12046,11832],{"class":77},[71,12048,82],{"class":81},[71,12050,1456],{"class":89},[71,12052,3184],{"class":99},[71,12054,1986],{"class":103},[71,12056,3184],{"class":99},[71,12058,228],{"class":89},[71,12060,165],{"class":117},[71,12062,109],{"class":89},[71,12064,3683],{"class":99},[71,12066,11853],{"class":103},[71,12068,3184],{"class":99},[71,12070,228],{"class":89},[71,12072,183],{"class":117},[71,12074,252],{"class":89},[71,12076,12077,12079,12081,12083],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,12078,11556],{"class":77},[71,12080,60],{"class":89},[71,12082,11489],{"class":133},[71,12084,369],{"class":89},[71,12086,12087],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,12088,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,12090,12091,12093,12095,12097,12099],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,12092,128],{"class":127},[71,12094,90],{"class":89},[71,12096,11556],{"class":133},[71,12098,3993],{"class":89},[71,12100,11504],{"class":1439},[288,12102,12104,12106],{"id":12103},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12105,11427],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12108,12109],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[62,12111,12112],{"className":64,"code":11549,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,12113,12114],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12115,12116,12118,12120,12122],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12117,11556],{"class":77},[71,12119,60],{"class":89},[71,12121,11489],{"class":133},[71,12123,369],{"class":89},[62,12125,12127],{"className":64,"code":12126,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12128,12129],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12130,12131,12133,12135],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12132,11832],{"class":77},[71,12134,82],{"class":81},[71,12136,799],{"class":89},[350,12138,12139],{"id":11489},[15,12140,11427],{},[40,12142,12143,12146,12149],{},[43,12144,12145],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[43,12147,12148],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[43,12150,12151],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[350,12153,12154],{"id":11556},[15,12155,12156],{},"my_dict = {}",[40,12158,12159,12162,12165],{},[43,12160,12161],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[43,12163,12164],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[43,12166,12167],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12169,12170,12171,60],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[56,12172,12174],{"href":12173},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[288,12176,12178],{"id":12177},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12180,12181,12182,12184],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12183,11427],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[62,12186,12188],{"className":64,"code":12187,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12189,12190,12223,12233,12237,12248,12252,12272,12292],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12191,12192,12195,12197,12199,12201,12203,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217,12219,12221],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12193,12194],{"class":77},"original ",[71,12196,82],{"class":81},[71,12198,1456],{"class":89},[71,12200,3184],{"class":99},[71,12202,56],{"class":103},[71,12204,3184],{"class":99},[71,12206,228],{"class":89},[71,12208,165],{"class":117},[71,12210,109],{"class":89},[71,12212,3683],{"class":99},[71,12214,176],{"class":103},[71,12216,3184],{"class":99},[71,12218,228],{"class":89},[71,12220,183],{"class":117},[71,12222,252],{"class":89},[71,12224,12225,12228,12230],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,12226,12227],{"class":77},"other_ref ",[71,12229,82],{"class":81},[71,12231,12232],{"class":77}," original\n",[71,12234,12235],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,12236,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,12238,12239,12242,12244,12246],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,12240,12241],{"class":77},"original",[71,12243,60],{"class":89},[71,12245,11489],{"class":133},[71,12247,369],{"class":89},[71,12249,12250],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,12251,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,12253,12254,12256,12258,12260,12263,12265,12267,12270],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,12255,128],{"class":127},[71,12257,90],{"class":89},[71,12259,3184],{"class":99},[71,12261,12262],{"class":103},"original:",[71,12264,3184],{"class":99},[71,12266,109],{"class":89},[71,12268,12269],{"class":133}," original",[71,12271,121],{"class":89},[71,12273,12274,12276,12278,12280,12283,12285,12287,12290],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,12275,128],{"class":127},[71,12277,90],{"class":89},[71,12279,3184],{"class":99},[71,12281,12282],{"class":103},"other_ref:",[71,12284,3184],{"class":99},[71,12286,109],{"class":89},[71,12288,12289],{"class":133}," other_ref",[71,12291,121],{"class":89},[71,12293,12294,12296,12298,12300,12303,12305],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,12295,128],{"class":127},[71,12297,90],{"class":89},[71,12299,12194],{"class":133},[71,12301,12302],{"class":4209},"is",[71,12304,12289],{"class":133},[71,12306,121],{"class":89},[20,12308,209],{},[62,12310,12312],{"className":64,"code":12311,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12313,12314,12322,12331],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12315,12316,12318,12320],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12317,12241],{"class":77},[71,12319,228],{"class":89},[71,12321,799],{"class":89},[71,12323,12324,12327,12329],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,12325,12326],{"class":77},"other_ref",[71,12328,228],{"class":89},[71,12330,799],{"class":89},[71,12332,12333],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,12334,4314],{"class":4184},[20,12336,12337],{},"This shows:",[40,12339,12340,12347,12352],{},[43,12341,12342,1560,12344,12346],{},[15,12343,12241],{},[15,12345,12326],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[43,12348,12349,12351],{},[15,12350,11427],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[43,12353,12354],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12356,12357],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[62,12359,12361],{"className":64,"code":12360,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12362,12363,12395,12403,12407,12415,12419,12437,12455],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12364,12365,12367,12369,12371,12373,12375,12377,12379,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391,12393],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12366,12194],{"class":77},[71,12368,82],{"class":81},[71,12370,1456],{"class":89},[71,12372,3184],{"class":99},[71,12374,56],{"class":103},[71,12376,3184],{"class":99},[71,12378,228],{"class":89},[71,12380,165],{"class":117},[71,12382,109],{"class":89},[71,12384,3683],{"class":99},[71,12386,176],{"class":103},[71,12388,3184],{"class":99},[71,12390,228],{"class":89},[71,12392,183],{"class":117},[71,12394,252],{"class":89},[71,12396,12397,12399,12401],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,12398,12227],{"class":77},[71,12400,82],{"class":81},[71,12402,12232],{"class":77},[71,12404,12405],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,12406,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,12408,12409,12411,12413],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,12410,12194],{"class":77},[71,12412,82],{"class":81},[71,12414,799],{"class":89},[71,12416,12417],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,12418,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,12420,12421,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,12422,128],{"class":127},[71,12424,90],{"class":89},[71,12426,3184],{"class":99},[71,12428,12262],{"class":103},[71,12430,3184],{"class":99},[71,12432,109],{"class":89},[71,12434,12269],{"class":133},[71,12436,121],{"class":89},[71,12438,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449,12451,12453],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,12440,128],{"class":127},[71,12442,90],{"class":89},[71,12444,3184],{"class":99},[71,12446,12282],{"class":103},[71,12448,3184],{"class":99},[71,12450,109],{"class":89},[71,12452,12289],{"class":133},[71,12454,121],{"class":89},[71,12456,12457,12459,12461,12463,12465,12467],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,12458,128],{"class":127},[71,12460,90],{"class":89},[71,12462,12194],{"class":133},[71,12464,12302],{"class":4209},[71,12466,12289],{"class":133},[71,12468,121],{"class":89},[20,12470,209],{},[62,12472,12474],{"className":64,"code":12473,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12475,12476,12484,12516],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12477,12478,12480,12482],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12479,12241],{"class":77},[71,12481,228],{"class":89},[71,12483,799],{"class":89},[71,12485,12486,12488,12490,12492,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,12487,12326],{"class":77},[71,12489,228],{"class":89},[71,12491,1456],{"class":89},[71,12493,100],{"class":99},[71,12495,56],{"class":103},[71,12497,100],{"class":99},[71,12499,228],{"class":89},[71,12501,165],{"class":117},[71,12503,109],{"class":89},[71,12505,231],{"class":99},[71,12507,176],{"class":103},[71,12509,100],{"class":99},[71,12511,228],{"class":89},[71,12513,183],{"class":117},[71,12515,252],{"class":89},[71,12517,12518],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,12519,4375],{"class":4184},[20,12521,2507],{},[40,12523,12524,12530],{},[43,12525,12526,12529],{},[15,12527,12528],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[43,12531,12532,12534],{},[15,12533,12326],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12536,12537,12538,60],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[56,12539,12541],{"href":12540},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12542,12543],{},"dict.copy()",[288,12545,5298,12547],{"id":12546},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12548,11427],{},[20,12550,12551,12553],{},[15,12552,11427],{}," is useful when you want to:",[40,12555,12556,12559,12562],{},[43,12557,12558],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[43,12560,12561],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[43,12563,12564],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12566,2537],{},[62,12568,12570],{"className":64,"code":12569,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12571,12572,12581,12597,12617,12630,12634,12638,12643,12654,12658],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12573,12574,12577,12579],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12575,12576],{"class":77},"session_data ",[71,12578,82],{"class":81},[71,12580,11600],{"class":89},[71,12582,12583,12585,12588,12590,12592,12595],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,12584,11605],{"class":99},[71,12586,12587],{"class":103},"user_id",[71,12589,3184],{"class":99},[71,12591,228],{"class":89},[71,12593,12594],{"class":117}," 101",[71,12596,11621],{"class":89},[71,12598,12599,12601,12604,12606,12608,12610,12613,12615],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,12600,11605],{"class":99},[71,12602,12603],{"class":103},"theme",[71,12605,3184],{"class":99},[71,12607,228],{"class":89},[71,12609,3683],{"class":99},[71,12611,12612],{"class":103},"dark",[71,12614,3184],{"class":99},[71,12616,11621],{"class":89},[71,12618,12619,12621,12624,12626,12628],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,12620,11605],{"class":99},[71,12622,12623],{"class":103},"logged_in",[71,12625,3184],{"class":99},[71,12627,228],{"class":89},[71,12629,6761],{"class":4184},[71,12631,12632],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,12633,252],{"class":89},[71,12635,12636],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,12637,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,12639,12640],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,12641,12642],{"class":1439},"# Reset for a new session\n",[71,12644,12645,12648,12650,12652],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,12646,12647],{"class":77},"session_data",[71,12649,60],{"class":89},[71,12651,11489],{"class":133},[71,12653,369],{"class":89},[71,12655,12656],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,12657,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,12659,12660,12662,12664,12666,12668],{"class":73,"line":6775},[71,12661,128],{"class":127},[71,12663,90],{"class":89},[71,12665,12647],{"class":133},[71,12667,3993],{"class":89},[71,12669,11504],{"class":1439},[20,12671,12672,12673,12679,12680,60,12684,12686,12687,60],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[56,12674,12676],{"href":12675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12677,12678],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[56,12681,12683],{"href":12682},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[808,12685],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[56,12688,12690],{"href":12689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12691,12692],{},"dict.popitem()",[288,12694,2054],{"id":2053},[20,12696,1716,12697,228],{},[15,12698,11427],{},[40,12700,12701,12707,12712,12715],{},[43,12702,12703,12704,12706],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12705,11427],{}," to a variable",[43,12708,8794,12709,12711],{},[15,12710,11427],{}," to return a new dictionary",[43,12713,12714],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[43,12716,12717],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12719,12720],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[62,12722,12724],{"className":64,"code":12723,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12725,12726,12736,12750,12765],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12727,12728,12730,12732,12734],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12729,128],{"class":127},[71,12731,90],{"class":89},[71,12733,11556],{"class":133},[71,12735,121],{"class":89},[71,12737,12738,12740,12742,12744,12746,12748],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,12739,128],{"class":127},[71,12741,90],{"class":89},[71,12743,735],{"class":85},[71,12745,90],{"class":89},[71,12747,11556],{"class":133},[71,12749,204],{"class":89},[71,12751,12752,12754,12756,12759,12761,12763],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,12753,128],{"class":127},[71,12755,90],{"class":89},[71,12757,12758],{"class":127},"id",[71,12760,90],{"class":89},[71,12762,11556],{"class":133},[71,12764,204],{"class":89},[71,12766,12767,12769,12771,12773,12775,12777],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,12768,128],{"class":127},[71,12770,90],{"class":89},[71,12772,12227],{"class":133},[71,12774,12302],{"class":4209},[71,12776,11874],{"class":133},[71,12778,121],{"class":89},[20,12780,12781],{},"What these show:",[40,12783,12784,12790,12796,12802],{},[43,12785,12786,12789],{},[15,12787,12788],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[43,12791,12792,12795],{},[15,12793,12794],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[43,12797,12798,12801],{},[15,12799,12800],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[43,12803,12804,12807],{},[15,12805,12806],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[288,12809,2163],{"id":2162},[350,12811,12813,12814,12816],{"id":12812},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12815,11427],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12818,12819],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[350,12821,5479,12823,12825],{"id":12822},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12824,11433],{}," return?",[20,12827,5485,12828,60],{},[15,12829,4110],{},[350,12831,2167,12833,1560,12835,2172],{"id":12832},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12834,11427],{},[15,12836,805],{},[20,12838,12839,12841,12842,12844],{},[15,12840,11427],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12843,805],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[350,12846,12813,12848,12850],{"id":12847},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12849,11427],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12852,12853],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[288,12855,2221],{"id":2220},[40,12857,12858,12862,12866,12873,12880,12887,12892],{},[43,12859,12860],{},[56,12861,59],{"href":58},[43,12863,12864],{},[56,12865,2228],{"href":338},[43,12867,12868],{},[56,12869,1705,12870,1709],{"href":12675},[15,12871,12872],{},"pop()",[43,12874,12875],{},[56,12876,1705,12877,1709],{"href":12689},[15,12878,12879],{},"popitem()",[43,12881,12882],{},[56,12883,1705,12884,1709],{"href":12540},[15,12885,12886],{},"copy()",[43,12888,12889],{},[56,12890,12891],{"href":12173},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[43,12893,12894],{},[56,12895,12896],{"href":12682},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2250,12898,12899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":12901},[12902,12903,12905,12906,12907,12911,12916,12917,12919,12920,12930],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":11512,"depth":124,"text":12904},"What clear() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":11810,"depth":124,"text":12908,"children":12909},"What clear() returns",[12910],{"id":11923,"depth":139,"text":11924},{"id":12103,"depth":124,"text":12912,"children":12913},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12914,12915],{"id":11489,"depth":139,"text":11427},{"id":11556,"depth":139,"text":12156},{"id":12177,"depth":124,"text":12178},{"id":12546,"depth":124,"text":12918},"When to use clear()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":12921},[12922,12924,12926,12928],{"id":12812,"depth":139,"text":12923},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12822,"depth":139,"text":12925},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12832,"depth":139,"text":12927},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12847,"depth":139,"text":12929},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11418,"description":12931},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12938,"title":12939,"body":12940,"description":15109,"extension":2292,"meta":15110,"navigation":142,"path":15111,"seo":15112,"stem":15113,"__hash__":15114},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12941,"toc":15081},[12942,12947,12952,12962,12964,13053,13057,13098,13103,13110,13128,13137,13139,13160,13163,13175,13177,13256,13260,13301,13303,13306,13434,13438,13518,13521,13539,13542,13546,13552,13554,13565,13567,13762,13766,13872,13875,13893,13896,13903,13908,13912,13926,13928,14055,14059,14139,14152,14158,14161,14169,14173,14299,14303,14377,14382,14513,14517,14591,14594,14608,14612,14616,14630,14632,14768,14772,14841,14843,14848,14870,14873,14980,14983,14994,15001,15003,15009,15012,15019,15022,15029,15037,15041,15044,15046,15078],[10,12943,11424,12945,11428],{"id":12944},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12946,12886],{},[20,12948,12949,12951],{},[15,12950,12543],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12953,12954,12955,12957,12958,12961],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12956,12886],{}," makes a ",[30,12959,12960],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[288,12963,2334],{"id":2333},[62,12965,12967],{"className":64,"code":12966,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12968,12969,13007,13024,13028,13039],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,12970,12971,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,12972,12973],{"class":77},"student ",[71,12975,82],{"class":81},[71,12977,1456],{"class":89},[71,12979,3184],{"class":99},[71,12981,94],{"class":103},[71,12983,3184],{"class":99},[71,12985,228],{"class":89},[71,12987,3683],{"class":99},[71,12989,12990],{"class":103},"Ana",[71,12992,3184],{"class":99},[71,12994,109],{"class":89},[71,12996,3683],{"class":99},[71,12998,242],{"class":103},[71,13000,3184],{"class":99},[71,13002,228],{"class":89},[71,13004,8129],{"class":117},[71,13006,252],{"class":89},[71,13008,13009,13012,13014,13017,13019,13022],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,13010,13011],{"class":77},"student_copy ",[71,13013,82],{"class":81},[71,13015,13016],{"class":77}," student",[71,13018,60],{"class":89},[71,13020,13021],{"class":133},"copy",[71,13023,369],{"class":89},[71,13025,13026],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,13027,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,13029,13030,13032,13034,13037],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,13031,128],{"class":127},[71,13033,90],{"class":89},[71,13035,13036],{"class":133},"student_copy",[71,13038,121],{"class":89},[71,13040,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,13042,128],{"class":127},[71,13044,90],{"class":89},[71,13046,13011],{"class":133},[71,13048,12302],{"class":4209},[71,13050,13016],{"class":133},[71,13052,121],{"class":89},[20,13054,13055],{},[30,13056,209],{},[62,13058,13060],{"className":64,"code":13059,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13061,13062,13094],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13063,13064,13066,13068,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13065,219],{"class":89},[71,13067,100],{"class":99},[71,13069,94],{"class":103},[71,13071,100],{"class":99},[71,13073,228],{"class":89},[71,13075,231],{"class":99},[71,13077,12990],{"class":103},[71,13079,100],{"class":99},[71,13081,109],{"class":89},[71,13083,231],{"class":99},[71,13085,242],{"class":103},[71,13087,100],{"class":99},[71,13089,228],{"class":89},[71,13091,8129],{"class":117},[71,13093,252],{"class":89},[71,13095,13096],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,13097,4375],{"class":4184},[20,13099,283,13100,13102],{},[15,13101,12886],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[288,13104,13106,13107,13109],{"id":13105},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13108,12886],{}," method does",[40,13111,13112,13117,13120,13125],{},[43,13113,13114,13116],{},[15,13115,12543],{}," returns a new dictionary",[43,13118,13119],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[43,13121,13122,13123],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13124,12886],{},[43,13126,13127],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13129,13130,13131,3209,13134,60],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[56,13132,59],{"href":13133},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[56,13135,339],{"href":13136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[288,13138,343],{"id":342},[62,13140,13142],{"className":64,"code":13141,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13143,13144],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13145,13146,13149,13151,13154,13156,13158],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13147,13148],{"class":77},"new_dict ",[71,13150,82],{"class":81},[71,13152,13153],{"class":77}," old_dict",[71,13155,60],{"class":89},[71,13157,13021],{"class":133},[71,13159,369],{"class":89},[20,13161,13162],{},"Key points:",[40,13164,13165,13169,13172],{},[43,13166,13167,11572],{},[15,13168,12886],{},[43,13170,13171],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[43,13173,13174],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13176,2537],{},[62,13178,13180],{"className":64,"code":13179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13181,13182,13225,13241,13245],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13183,13184,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218,13221,13223],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13185,13186],{"class":77},"colors ",[71,13188,82],{"class":81},[71,13190,1456],{"class":89},[71,13192,3184],{"class":99},[71,13194,56],{"class":103},[71,13196,3184],{"class":99},[71,13198,228],{"class":89},[71,13200,3683],{"class":99},[71,13202,13203],{"class":103},"red",[71,13205,3184],{"class":99},[71,13207,109],{"class":89},[71,13209,3683],{"class":99},[71,13211,176],{"class":103},[71,13213,3184],{"class":99},[71,13215,228],{"class":89},[71,13217,3683],{"class":99},[71,13219,13220],{"class":103},"blue",[71,13222,3184],{"class":99},[71,13224,252],{"class":89},[71,13226,13227,13230,13232,13235,13237,13239],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,13228,13229],{"class":77},"new_colors ",[71,13231,82],{"class":81},[71,13233,13234],{"class":77}," colors",[71,13236,60],{"class":89},[71,13238,13021],{"class":133},[71,13240,369],{"class":89},[71,13242,13243],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,13244,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,13246,13247,13249,13251,13254],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,13248,128],{"class":127},[71,13250,90],{"class":89},[71,13252,13253],{"class":133},"new_colors",[71,13255,121],{"class":89},[20,13257,13258],{},[30,13259,209],{},[62,13261,13263],{"className":64,"code":13262,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13264,13265],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13266,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13268,219],{"class":89},[71,13270,100],{"class":99},[71,13272,56],{"class":103},[71,13274,100],{"class":99},[71,13276,228],{"class":89},[71,13278,231],{"class":99},[71,13280,13203],{"class":103},[71,13282,100],{"class":99},[71,13284,109],{"class":89},[71,13286,231],{"class":99},[71,13288,176],{"class":103},[71,13290,100],{"class":99},[71,13292,228],{"class":89},[71,13294,231],{"class":99},[71,13296,13220],{"class":103},[71,13298,100],{"class":99},[71,13300,252],{"class":89},[288,13302,11582],{"id":11581},[20,13304,13305],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[62,13307,13309],{"className":64,"code":13308,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13310,13311,13349,13365,13369,13391,13395,13414],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13312,13313,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13314,13315],{"class":77},"person ",[71,13317,82],{"class":81},[71,13319,1456],{"class":89},[71,13321,3184],{"class":99},[71,13323,94],{"class":103},[71,13325,3184],{"class":99},[71,13327,228],{"class":89},[71,13329,3683],{"class":99},[71,13331,13332],{"class":103},"Liam",[71,13334,3184],{"class":99},[71,13336,109],{"class":89},[71,13338,3683],{"class":99},[71,13340,242],{"class":103},[71,13342,3184],{"class":99},[71,13344,228],{"class":89},[71,13346,249],{"class":117},[71,13348,252],{"class":89},[71,13350,13351,13354,13356,13359,13361,13363],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,13352,13353],{"class":77},"person_copy ",[71,13355,82],{"class":81},[71,13357,13358],{"class":77}," person",[71,13360,60],{"class":89},[71,13362,13021],{"class":133},[71,13364,369],{"class":89},[71,13366,13367],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,13368,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,13370,13371,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13385,13388],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,13372,13373],{"class":77},"person_copy",[71,13375,4234],{"class":89},[71,13377,3184],{"class":99},[71,13379,242],{"class":103},[71,13381,3184],{"class":99},[71,13383,13384],{"class":89},"]",[71,13386,13387],{"class":81}," =",[71,13389,13390],{"class":117}," 26\n",[71,13392,13393],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,13394,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,13396,13397,13399,13401,13403,13406,13408,13410,13412],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,13398,128],{"class":127},[71,13400,90],{"class":89},[71,13402,3184],{"class":99},[71,13404,13405],{"class":103},"Original:",[71,13407,3184],{"class":99},[71,13409,109],{"class":89},[71,13411,13358],{"class":133},[71,13413,121],{"class":89},[71,13415,13416,13418,13420,13422,13425,13427,13429,13432],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,13417,128],{"class":127},[71,13419,90],{"class":89},[71,13421,3184],{"class":99},[71,13423,13424],{"class":103},"Copy:",[71,13426,3184],{"class":99},[71,13428,109],{"class":89},[71,13430,13431],{"class":133}," person_copy",[71,13433,121],{"class":89},[20,13435,13436],{},[30,13437,209],{},[62,13439,13441],{"className":64,"code":13440,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13442,13443,13480],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13444,13445,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13446,13447],{"class":77},"Original",[71,13449,228],{"class":89},[71,13451,1456],{"class":89},[71,13453,100],{"class":99},[71,13455,94],{"class":103},[71,13457,100],{"class":99},[71,13459,228],{"class":89},[71,13461,231],{"class":99},[71,13463,13332],{"class":103},[71,13465,100],{"class":99},[71,13467,109],{"class":89},[71,13469,231],{"class":99},[71,13471,242],{"class":103},[71,13473,100],{"class":99},[71,13475,228],{"class":89},[71,13477,249],{"class":117},[71,13479,252],{"class":89},[71,13481,13482,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13516],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,13483,13484],{"class":77},"Copy",[71,13486,228],{"class":89},[71,13488,1456],{"class":89},[71,13490,100],{"class":99},[71,13492,94],{"class":103},[71,13494,100],{"class":99},[71,13496,228],{"class":89},[71,13498,231],{"class":99},[71,13500,13332],{"class":103},[71,13502,100],{"class":99},[71,13504,109],{"class":89},[71,13506,231],{"class":99},[71,13508,242],{"class":103},[71,13510,100],{"class":99},[71,13512,228],{"class":89},[71,13514,13515],{"class":117}," 26",[71,13517,252],{"class":89},[20,13519,13520],{},"What happened here:",[40,13522,13523,13529,13536],{},[43,13524,13525,13528],{},[15,13526,13527],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[43,13530,13531,13532,13535],{},"Changing ",[15,13533,13534],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[43,13537,13538],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13540,13541],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[288,13543,13545],{"id":13544},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13547,13548,12957,13550,60],{},[15,13549,12886],{},[30,13551,12960],{},[20,13553,2436],{},[40,13555,13556,13559,13562],{},[43,13557,13558],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[43,13560,13561],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[43,13563,13564],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13566,2537],{},[62,13568,13570],{"className":64,"code":13569,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13571,13572,13580,13598,13621,13625,13629,13643,13647,13672,13676,13694,13713,13728],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13573,13574,13576,13578],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13575,12973],{"class":77},[71,13577,82],{"class":81},[71,13579,11600],{"class":89},[71,13581,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,13583,11605],{"class":99},[71,13585,94],{"class":103},[71,13587,3184],{"class":99},[71,13589,228],{"class":89},[71,13591,3683],{"class":99},[71,13593,12990],{"class":103},[71,13595,3184],{"class":99},[71,13597,11621],{"class":89},[71,13599,13600,13602,13605,13607,13609,13611,13614,13616,13619],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,13601,11605],{"class":99},[71,13603,13604],{"class":103},"grades",[71,13606,3184],{"class":99},[71,13608,228],{"class":89},[71,13610,1740],{"class":89},[71,13612,13613],{"class":117},"90",[71,13615,109],{"class":89},[71,13617,13618],{"class":117}," 85",[71,13620,1757],{"class":89},[71,13622,13623],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,13624,252],{"class":89},[71,13626,13627],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,13628,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,13630,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,13632,13011],{"class":77},[71,13634,82],{"class":81},[71,13636,13016],{"class":77},[71,13638,60],{"class":89},[71,13640,13021],{"class":133},[71,13642,369],{"class":89},[71,13644,13645],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,13646,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,13648,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13662,13665,13667,13670],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,13650,13036],{"class":77},[71,13652,4234],{"class":89},[71,13654,3184],{"class":99},[71,13656,13604],{"class":103},[71,13658,3184],{"class":99},[71,13660,13661],{"class":89},"].",[71,13663,13664],{"class":133},"append",[71,13666,90],{"class":89},[71,13668,13669],{"class":117},"100",[71,13671,121],{"class":89},[71,13673,13674],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,13675,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,13677,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688,13690,13692],{"class":73,"line":6775},[71,13679,128],{"class":127},[71,13681,90],{"class":89},[71,13683,3184],{"class":99},[71,13685,13405],{"class":103},[71,13687,3184],{"class":99},[71,13689,109],{"class":89},[71,13691,13016],{"class":133},[71,13693,121],{"class":89},[71,13695,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13711],{"class":73,"line":11702},[71,13697,128],{"class":127},[71,13699,90],{"class":89},[71,13701,3184],{"class":99},[71,13703,13424],{"class":103},[71,13705,3184],{"class":99},[71,13707,109],{"class":89},[71,13709,13710],{"class":133}," student_copy",[71,13712,121],{"class":89},[71,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726],{"class":73,"line":13715},12,[71,13717,128],{"class":127},[71,13719,90],{"class":89},[71,13721,12973],{"class":133},[71,13723,12302],{"class":4209},[71,13725,13710],{"class":133},[71,13727,121],{"class":89},[71,13729,13731,13733,13735,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760],{"class":73,"line":13730},13,[71,13732,128],{"class":127},[71,13734,90],{"class":89},[71,13736,13737],{"class":133},"student",[71,13739,4234],{"class":89},[71,13741,3184],{"class":99},[71,13743,13604],{"class":103},[71,13745,3184],{"class":99},[71,13747,13384],{"class":89},[71,13749,8436],{"class":4209},[71,13751,13710],{"class":133},[71,13753,4234],{"class":89},[71,13755,3184],{"class":99},[71,13757,13604],{"class":103},[71,13759,3184],{"class":99},[71,13761,4222],{"class":89},[20,13763,13764],{},[30,13765,209],{},[62,13767,13769],{"className":64,"code":13768,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13770,13771,13818,13864,13868],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13772,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13774,13447],{"class":77},[71,13776,228],{"class":89},[71,13778,1456],{"class":89},[71,13780,100],{"class":99},[71,13782,94],{"class":103},[71,13784,100],{"class":99},[71,13786,228],{"class":89},[71,13788,231],{"class":99},[71,13790,12990],{"class":103},[71,13792,100],{"class":99},[71,13794,109],{"class":89},[71,13796,231],{"class":99},[71,13798,13604],{"class":103},[71,13800,100],{"class":99},[71,13802,228],{"class":89},[71,13804,1740],{"class":89},[71,13806,13613],{"class":117},[71,13808,109],{"class":89},[71,13810,13618],{"class":117},[71,13812,109],{"class":89},[71,13814,1081],{"class":117},[71,13816,13817],{"class":89},"]}\n",[71,13819,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,13821,13484],{"class":77},[71,13823,228],{"class":89},[71,13825,1456],{"class":89},[71,13827,100],{"class":99},[71,13829,94],{"class":103},[71,13831,100],{"class":99},[71,13833,228],{"class":89},[71,13835,231],{"class":99},[71,13837,12990],{"class":103},[71,13839,100],{"class":99},[71,13841,109],{"class":89},[71,13843,231],{"class":99},[71,13845,13604],{"class":103},[71,13847,100],{"class":99},[71,13849,228],{"class":89},[71,13851,1740],{"class":89},[71,13853,13613],{"class":117},[71,13855,109],{"class":89},[71,13857,13618],{"class":117},[71,13859,109],{"class":89},[71,13861,1081],{"class":117},[71,13863,13817],{"class":89},[71,13865,13866],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,13867,4375],{"class":4184},[71,13869,13870],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,13871,4314],{"class":4184},[20,13873,13874],{},"Notice the difference:",[40,13876,13877,13885],{},[43,13878,13879,5120,13882,13884],{},[15,13880,13881],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13883,4006],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[43,13886,13887,5120,13890,13892],{},[15,13888,13889],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13891,3935],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13894,13895],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13897,13898,13899,60],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[56,13900,13902],{"href":13901},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[288,13904,5298,13906],{"id":13905},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13907,12886],{},[20,13909,283,13910,1569],{},[15,13911,12886],{},[40,13913,13914,13917,13920,13923],{},[43,13915,13916],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[43,13918,13919],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[43,13921,13922],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[43,13924,13925],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13927,2537],{},[62,13929,13931],{"className":64,"code":13930,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13932,13933,13972,13988,13992,14012,14016,14035],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,13934,13935,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13963,13965,13967,13970],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,13936,13937],{"class":77},"settings ",[71,13939,82],{"class":81},[71,13941,1456],{"class":89},[71,13943,3184],{"class":99},[71,13945,12603],{"class":103},[71,13947,3184],{"class":99},[71,13949,228],{"class":89},[71,13951,3683],{"class":99},[71,13953,12612],{"class":103},[71,13955,3184],{"class":99},[71,13957,109],{"class":89},[71,13959,3683],{"class":99},[71,13961,13962],{"class":103},"font_size",[71,13964,3184],{"class":99},[71,13966,228],{"class":89},[71,13968,13969],{"class":117}," 14",[71,13971,252],{"class":89},[71,13973,13974,13977,13979,13982,13984,13986],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,13975,13976],{"class":77},"settings_backup ",[71,13978,82],{"class":81},[71,13980,13981],{"class":77}," settings",[71,13983,60],{"class":89},[71,13985,13021],{"class":133},[71,13987,369],{"class":89},[71,13989,13990],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,13991,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,13993,13994,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,13995,13996],{"class":77},"settings",[71,13998,4234],{"class":89},[71,14000,3184],{"class":99},[71,14002,13962],{"class":103},[71,14004,3184],{"class":99},[71,14006,13384],{"class":89},[71,14008,13387],{"class":81},[71,14010,14011],{"class":117}," 16\n",[71,14013,14014],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,14015,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,14017,14018,14020,14022,14024,14027,14029,14031,14033],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,14019,128],{"class":127},[71,14021,90],{"class":89},[71,14023,3184],{"class":99},[71,14025,14026],{"class":103},"Current:",[71,14028,3184],{"class":99},[71,14030,109],{"class":89},[71,14032,13981],{"class":133},[71,14034,121],{"class":89},[71,14036,14037,14039,14041,14043,14046,14048,14050,14053],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,14038,128],{"class":127},[71,14040,90],{"class":89},[71,14042,3184],{"class":99},[71,14044,14045],{"class":103},"Backup:",[71,14047,3184],{"class":99},[71,14049,109],{"class":89},[71,14051,14052],{"class":133}," settings_backup",[71,14054,121],{"class":89},[20,14056,14057],{},[30,14058,209],{},[62,14060,14062],{"className":64,"code":14061,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14063,14064,14102],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,14065,14066,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14100],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,14067,14068],{"class":77},"Current",[71,14070,228],{"class":89},[71,14072,1456],{"class":89},[71,14074,100],{"class":99},[71,14076,12603],{"class":103},[71,14078,100],{"class":99},[71,14080,228],{"class":89},[71,14082,231],{"class":99},[71,14084,12612],{"class":103},[71,14086,100],{"class":99},[71,14088,109],{"class":89},[71,14090,231],{"class":99},[71,14092,13962],{"class":103},[71,14094,100],{"class":99},[71,14096,228],{"class":89},[71,14098,14099],{"class":117}," 16",[71,14101,252],{"class":89},[71,14103,14104,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,14105,14106],{"class":77},"Backup",[71,14108,228],{"class":89},[71,14110,1456],{"class":89},[71,14112,100],{"class":99},[71,14114,12603],{"class":103},[71,14116,100],{"class":99},[71,14118,228],{"class":89},[71,14120,231],{"class":99},[71,14122,12612],{"class":103},[71,14124,100],{"class":99},[71,14126,109],{"class":89},[71,14128,231],{"class":99},[71,14130,13962],{"class":103},[71,14132,100],{"class":99},[71,14134,228],{"class":89},[71,14136,13969],{"class":117},[71,14138,252],{"class":89},[20,14140,14141,14142,3209,14148,60],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[56,14143,14145],{"href":14144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14146,14147],{},"dict.update()",[56,14149,14150],{"href":12933},[15,14151,11433],{},[288,14153,14155,14157],{"id":14154},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14156,12886],{}," vs assignment",[20,14159,14160],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14162,8758,14163,14165,14166,14168],{},[15,14164,82],{}," does ",[30,14167,4967],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[350,14170,14172],{"id":14171},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[62,14174,14176],{"className":64,"code":14175,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14177,14178,14210,14219,14223,14243,14247,14265,14285],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,14179,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,14181,12194],{"class":77},[71,14183,82],{"class":81},[71,14185,1456],{"class":89},[71,14187,3184],{"class":99},[71,14189,1986],{"class":103},[71,14191,3184],{"class":99},[71,14193,228],{"class":89},[71,14195,165],{"class":117},[71,14197,109],{"class":89},[71,14199,3683],{"class":99},[71,14201,11853],{"class":103},[71,14203,3184],{"class":99},[71,14205,228],{"class":89},[71,14207,183],{"class":117},[71,14209,252],{"class":89},[71,14211,14212,14215,14217],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,14213,14214],{"class":77},"assigned ",[71,14216,82],{"class":81},[71,14218,12232],{"class":77},[71,14220,14221],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,14222,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,14224,14225,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,14226,14227],{"class":77},"assigned",[71,14229,4234],{"class":89},[71,14231,3184],{"class":99},[71,14233,1986],{"class":103},[71,14235,3184],{"class":99},[71,14237,13384],{"class":89},[71,14239,13387],{"class":81},[71,14241,14242],{"class":117}," 99\n",[71,14244,14245],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,14246,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,14248,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,14250,128],{"class":127},[71,14252,90],{"class":89},[71,14254,3184],{"class":99},[71,14256,13405],{"class":103},[71,14258,3184],{"class":99},[71,14260,109],{"class":89},[71,14262,12269],{"class":133},[71,14264,121],{"class":89},[71,14266,14267,14269,14271,14273,14276,14278,14280,14283],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,14268,128],{"class":127},[71,14270,90],{"class":89},[71,14272,3184],{"class":99},[71,14274,14275],{"class":103},"Assigned:",[71,14277,3184],{"class":99},[71,14279,109],{"class":89},[71,14281,14282],{"class":133}," assigned",[71,14284,121],{"class":89},[71,14286,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,14288,128],{"class":127},[71,14290,90],{"class":89},[71,14292,12194],{"class":133},[71,14294,12302],{"class":4209},[71,14296,14282],{"class":133},[71,14298,121],{"class":89},[20,14300,14301],{},[30,14302,209],{},[62,14304,14306],{"className":64,"code":14305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14307,14308,14340,14373],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,14309,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,14311,13447],{"class":77},[71,14313,228],{"class":89},[71,14315,1456],{"class":89},[71,14317,100],{"class":99},[71,14319,1986],{"class":103},[71,14321,100],{"class":99},[71,14323,228],{"class":89},[71,14325,1161],{"class":117},[71,14327,109],{"class":89},[71,14329,231],{"class":99},[71,14331,11853],{"class":103},[71,14333,100],{"class":99},[71,14335,228],{"class":89},[71,14337,183],{"class":117},[71,14339,252],{"class":89},[71,14341,14342,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,14343,14344],{"class":77},"Assigned",[71,14346,228],{"class":89},[71,14348,1456],{"class":89},[71,14350,100],{"class":99},[71,14352,1986],{"class":103},[71,14354,100],{"class":99},[71,14356,228],{"class":89},[71,14358,1161],{"class":117},[71,14360,109],{"class":89},[71,14362,231],{"class":99},[71,14364,11853],{"class":103},[71,14366,100],{"class":99},[71,14368,228],{"class":89},[71,14370,183],{"class":117},[71,14372,252],{"class":89},[71,14374,14375],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,14376,4314],{"class":4184},[350,14378,8758,14380],{"id":14379},"using-copy",[15,14381,12886],{},[62,14383,14385],{"className":64,"code":14384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14386,14387,14419,14434,14438,14457,14461,14479,14499],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,14388,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,14390,12194],{"class":77},[71,14392,82],{"class":81},[71,14394,1456],{"class":89},[71,14396,3184],{"class":99},[71,14398,1986],{"class":103},[71,14400,3184],{"class":99},[71,14402,228],{"class":89},[71,14404,165],{"class":117},[71,14406,109],{"class":89},[71,14408,3683],{"class":99},[71,14410,11853],{"class":103},[71,14412,3184],{"class":99},[71,14414,228],{"class":89},[71,14416,183],{"class":117},[71,14418,252],{"class":89},[71,14420,14421,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,14422,14423],{"class":77},"copied ",[71,14425,82],{"class":81},[71,14427,12269],{"class":77},[71,14429,60],{"class":89},[71,14431,13021],{"class":133},[71,14433,369],{"class":89},[71,14435,14436],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,14437,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,14439,14440,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,14441,14442],{"class":77},"copied",[71,14444,4234],{"class":89},[71,14446,3184],{"class":99},[71,14448,1986],{"class":103},[71,14450,3184],{"class":99},[71,14452,13384],{"class":89},[71,14454,13387],{"class":81},[71,14456,14242],{"class":117},[71,14458,14459],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,14460,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,14462,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,14464,128],{"class":127},[71,14466,90],{"class":89},[71,14468,3184],{"class":99},[71,14470,13405],{"class":103},[71,14472,3184],{"class":99},[71,14474,109],{"class":89},[71,14476,12269],{"class":133},[71,14478,121],{"class":89},[71,14480,14481,14483,14485,14487,14490,14492,14494,14497],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,14482,128],{"class":127},[71,14484,90],{"class":89},[71,14486,3184],{"class":99},[71,14488,14489],{"class":103},"Copied:",[71,14491,3184],{"class":99},[71,14493,109],{"class":89},[71,14495,14496],{"class":133}," copied",[71,14498,121],{"class":89},[71,14500,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,14502,128],{"class":127},[71,14504,90],{"class":89},[71,14506,12194],{"class":133},[71,14508,12302],{"class":4209},[71,14510,14496],{"class":133},[71,14512,121],{"class":89},[20,14514,14515],{},[30,14516,209],{},[62,14518,14520],{"className":64,"code":14519,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14521,14522,14554,14587],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,14523,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,14525,13447],{"class":77},[71,14527,228],{"class":89},[71,14529,1456],{"class":89},[71,14531,100],{"class":99},[71,14533,1986],{"class":103},[71,14535,100],{"class":99},[71,14537,228],{"class":89},[71,14539,165],{"class":117},[71,14541,109],{"class":89},[71,14543,231],{"class":99},[71,14545,11853],{"class":103},[71,14547,100],{"class":99},[71,14549,228],{"class":89},[71,14551,183],{"class":117},[71,14553,252],{"class":89},[71,14555,14556,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,14557,14558],{"class":77},"Copied",[71,14560,228],{"class":89},[71,14562,1456],{"class":89},[71,14564,100],{"class":99},[71,14566,1986],{"class":103},[71,14568,100],{"class":99},[71,14570,228],{"class":89},[71,14572,1161],{"class":117},[71,14574,109],{"class":89},[71,14576,231],{"class":99},[71,14578,11853],{"class":103},[71,14580,100],{"class":99},[71,14582,228],{"class":89},[71,14584,183],{"class":117},[71,14586,252],{"class":89},[71,14588,14589],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,14590,4375],{"class":4184},[20,14592,14593],{},"Summary:",[40,14595,14596,14602],{},[43,14597,14598,14601],{},[15,14599,14600],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[43,14603,14604,14607],{},[15,14605,14606],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[288,14609,14611],{"id":14610},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14613,14614,228],{},[15,14615,12886],{},[40,14617,14618,14621,14624,14627],{},[43,14619,14620],{},"Returns a dictionary",[43,14622,14623],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[43,14625,14626],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[43,14628,14629],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14631,2537],{},[62,14633,14635],{"className":64,"code":14634,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14636,14637,14669,14685,14689,14707,14727,14731,14749],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,14638,14639,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,14640,78],{"class":77},[71,14642,82],{"class":81},[71,14644,1456],{"class":89},[71,14646,3184],{"class":99},[71,14648,56],{"class":103},[71,14650,3184],{"class":99},[71,14652,228],{"class":89},[71,14654,165],{"class":117},[71,14656,109],{"class":89},[71,14658,3683],{"class":99},[71,14660,176],{"class":103},[71,14662,3184],{"class":99},[71,14664,228],{"class":89},[71,14666,183],{"class":117},[71,14668,252],{"class":89},[71,14670,14671,14674,14676,14679,14681,14683],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,14672,14673],{"class":77},"data_copy ",[71,14675,82],{"class":81},[71,14677,14678],{"class":77}," data",[71,14680,60],{"class":89},[71,14682,13021],{"class":133},[71,14684,369],{"class":89},[71,14686,14687],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,14688,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,14690,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,14692,134],{"class":77},[71,14694,4234],{"class":89},[71,14696,3184],{"class":99},[71,14698,56],{"class":103},[71,14700,3184],{"class":99},[71,14702,13384],{"class":89},[71,14704,13387],{"class":81},[71,14706,2918],{"class":117},[71,14708,14709,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,14710,14711],{"class":77},"data_copy",[71,14713,4234],{"class":89},[71,14715,3184],{"class":99},[71,14717,176],{"class":103},[71,14719,3184],{"class":99},[71,14721,13384],{"class":89},[71,14723,13387],{"class":81},[71,14725,14726],{"class":117}," 20\n",[71,14728,14729],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,14730,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,14732,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,14734,128],{"class":127},[71,14736,90],{"class":89},[71,14738,3184],{"class":99},[71,14740,13405],{"class":103},[71,14742,3184],{"class":99},[71,14744,109],{"class":89},[71,14746,14678],{"class":133},[71,14748,121],{"class":89},[71,14750,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761,14763,14766],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,14752,128],{"class":127},[71,14754,90],{"class":89},[71,14756,3184],{"class":99},[71,14758,13424],{"class":103},[71,14760,3184],{"class":99},[71,14762,109],{"class":89},[71,14764,14765],{"class":133}," data_copy",[71,14767,121],{"class":89},[20,14769,14770],{},[30,14771,209],{},[62,14773,14775],{"className":64,"code":14774,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14776,14777,14809],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,14778,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803,14805,14807],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,14780,13447],{"class":77},[71,14782,228],{"class":89},[71,14784,1456],{"class":89},[71,14786,100],{"class":99},[71,14788,56],{"class":103},[71,14790,100],{"class":99},[71,14792,228],{"class":89},[71,14794,6341],{"class":117},[71,14796,109],{"class":89},[71,14798,231],{"class":99},[71,14800,176],{"class":103},[71,14802,100],{"class":99},[71,14804,228],{"class":89},[71,14806,183],{"class":117},[71,14808,252],{"class":89},[71,14810,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,14812,13484],{"class":77},[71,14814,228],{"class":89},[71,14816,1456],{"class":89},[71,14818,100],{"class":99},[71,14820,56],{"class":103},[71,14822,100],{"class":99},[71,14824,228],{"class":89},[71,14826,165],{"class":117},[71,14828,109],{"class":89},[71,14830,231],{"class":99},[71,14832,176],{"class":103},[71,14834,100],{"class":99},[71,14836,228],{"class":89},[71,14838,8129],{"class":117},[71,14840,252],{"class":89},[288,14842,2054],{"id":2053},[20,14844,14845,14846,228],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14847,12543],{},[40,14849,14850,14857,14862,14867],{},[43,14851,8758,14852,2069,14854,14856],{},[15,14853,82],{},[15,14855,12886],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[43,14858,4915,14859,14861],{},[15,14860,12886],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[43,14863,14864,14865],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14866,12886],{},[43,14868,14869],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14871,14872],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[62,14874,14876],{"className":64,"code":14875,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14877,14878,14888,14898,14912,14935,14958],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,14879,14880,14882,14884,14886],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,14881,128],{"class":127},[71,14883,90],{"class":89},[71,14885,12241],{"class":133},[71,14887,121],{"class":89},[71,14889,14890,14892,14894,14896],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,14891,128],{"class":127},[71,14893,90],{"class":89},[71,14895,14442],{"class":133},[71,14897,121],{"class":89},[71,14899,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,14901,128],{"class":127},[71,14903,90],{"class":89},[71,14905,12194],{"class":133},[71,14907,12302],{"class":4209},[71,14909,14496],{"class":133},[71,14911,121],{"class":89},[71,14913,14914,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926,14929,14931,14933],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,14915,128],{"class":127},[71,14917,90],{"class":89},[71,14919,12758],{"class":127},[71,14921,90],{"class":89},[71,14923,12241],{"class":133},[71,14925,168],{"class":89},[71,14927,14928],{"class":127}," id",[71,14930,90],{"class":89},[71,14932,14442],{"class":133},[71,14934,204],{"class":89},[71,14936,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947,14949,14951,14954,14956],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,14938,128],{"class":127},[71,14940,90],{"class":89},[71,14942,12758],{"class":127},[71,14944,90],{"class":89},[71,14946,12241],{"class":133},[71,14948,4234],{"class":89},[71,14950,3184],{"class":99},[71,14952,14953],{"class":103},"key",[71,14955,3184],{"class":99},[71,14957,3331],{"class":89},[71,14959,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,14961,128],{"class":127},[71,14963,90],{"class":89},[71,14965,12758],{"class":127},[71,14967,90],{"class":89},[71,14969,14442],{"class":133},[71,14971,4234],{"class":89},[71,14973,3184],{"class":99},[71,14975,14953],{"class":103},[71,14977,3184],{"class":99},[71,14979,3331],{"class":89},[20,14981,14982],{},"What these help you check:",[40,14984,14985,14988,14991],{},[43,14986,14987],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[43,14989,14990],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[43,14992,14993],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14995,14996,14997,60],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[56,14998,15000],{"href":14999},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[288,15002,2163],{"id":2162},[350,15004,12813,15006,15008],{"id":15005},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15007,12543],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15010,15011],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[350,15013,15015,15016,15018],{"id":15014},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15017,12543],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15020,15021],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[350,15023,2167,15025,1560,15027,2172],{"id":15024},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15026,12886],{},[15,15028,82],{},[20,15030,15031,15033,15034,15036],{},[15,15032,12886],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15035,82],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[350,15038,15040],{"id":15039},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15042,15043],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[288,15045,2221],{"id":2220},[40,15047,15048,15052,15056,15060,15067,15073],{},[43,15049,15050],{},[56,15051,2228],{"href":13136},[43,15053,15054],{},[56,15055,59],{"href":13133},[43,15057,15058],{},[56,15059,13902],{"href":13901},[43,15061,15062],{},[56,15063,1705,15064,1709],{"href":14144},[15,15065,15066],{},"update()",[43,15068,15069],{},[56,15070,1705,15071,1709],{"href":12933},[15,15072,11427],{},[43,15074,15075],{},[56,15076,15077],{"href":14999},"How to copy a list in Python",[2250,15079,15080],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":15082},[15083,15084,15086,15087,15088,15089,15091,15097,15098,15099,15108],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":13105,"depth":124,"text":15085},"What the copy() method does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":13544,"depth":124,"text":13545},{"id":13905,"depth":124,"text":15090},"When to use copy()",{"id":14154,"depth":124,"text":15092,"children":15093},"copy() vs assignment",[15094,15095],{"id":14171,"depth":139,"text":14172},{"id":14379,"depth":139,"text":15096},"Using copy()",{"id":14610,"depth":124,"text":14611},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":15100},[15101,15103,15105,15107],{"id":15005,"depth":139,"text":15102},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15014,"depth":139,"text":15104},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15024,"depth":139,"text":15106},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15039,"depth":139,"text":15040},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12939,"description":15109},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15116,"title":15117,"body":15118,"description":17317,"extension":2292,"meta":17318,"navigation":142,"path":13136,"seo":17319,"stem":17320,"__hash__":17321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15119,"toc":17279},[15120,15123,15129,15138,15140,15216,15220,15269,15272,15276,15290,15293,15297,15310,15313,15346,15360,15363,15375,15379,15382,15390,15470,15474,15527,15531,15549,15551,15633,15636,15638,15641,15644,15667,15691,15695,15703,15706,15710,15719,15724,15782,15786,15819,15825,15831,15834,15889,15893,15943,15946,15952,15955,15963,15965,16010,16015,16024,16027,16030,16077,16079,16084,16087,16181,16185,16238,16241,16297,16300,16304,16307,16321,16325,16391,16395,16420,16423,16427,16505,16509,16512,16515,16535,16538,16591,16595,16598,16601,16614,16616,16705,16712,16715,16726,16728,16731,16751,16755,16758,16767,16770,16809,16813,16815,16824,16833,16835,16873,16877,16924,16928,16949,16953,16956,17068,17073,17171,17193,17195,17199,17206,17210,17216,17220,17223,17227,17230,17237,17245,17247,17273,17276],[10,15121,15117],{"id":15122},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15124,15125,15126,15128],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[30,15127,32],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15130,15131,15132,3209,15134,60],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[56,15133,59],{"href":58},[56,15135,15137],{"href":15136},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[288,15139,2334],{"id":2333},[62,15141,15143],{"className":64,"code":15142,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15144,15145,15153,15171,15185,15198,15202,15206],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15146,15147,15149,15151],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15148,12973],{"class":77},[71,15150,82],{"class":81},[71,15152,11600],{"class":89},[71,15154,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15156,11605],{"class":99},[71,15158,94],{"class":103},[71,15160,3184],{"class":99},[71,15162,228],{"class":89},[71,15164,3683],{"class":99},[71,15166,12990],{"class":103},[71,15168,3184],{"class":99},[71,15170,11621],{"class":89},[71,15172,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,15174,11605],{"class":99},[71,15176,242],{"class":103},[71,15178,3184],{"class":99},[71,15180,228],{"class":89},[71,15182,8129],{"class":117},[71,15184,11621],{"class":89},[71,15186,15187,15189,15192,15194,15196],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,15188,11605],{"class":99},[71,15190,15191],{"class":103},"is_active",[71,15193,3184],{"class":99},[71,15195,228],{"class":89},[71,15197,6761],{"class":4184},[71,15199,15200],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,15201,252],{"class":89},[71,15203,15204],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,15205,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,15207,15208,15210,15212,15214],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,15209,128],{"class":127},[71,15211,90],{"class":89},[71,15213,13737],{"class":133},[71,15215,121],{"class":89},[20,15217,15218],{},[30,15219,209],{},[62,15221,15223],{"className":64,"code":15222,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15224,15225],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15226,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15228,219],{"class":89},[71,15230,100],{"class":99},[71,15232,94],{"class":103},[71,15234,100],{"class":99},[71,15236,228],{"class":89},[71,15238,231],{"class":99},[71,15240,12990],{"class":103},[71,15242,100],{"class":99},[71,15244,109],{"class":89},[71,15246,231],{"class":99},[71,15248,242],{"class":103},[71,15250,100],{"class":99},[71,15252,228],{"class":89},[71,15254,8129],{"class":117},[71,15256,109],{"class":89},[71,15258,231],{"class":99},[71,15260,15191],{"class":103},[71,15262,100],{"class":99},[71,15264,228],{"class":89},[71,15266,4250],{"class":4184},[71,15268,252],{"class":89},[20,15270,15271],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[288,15273,15275],{"id":15274},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[40,15277,15278,15281,15284,15287],{},[43,15279,15280],{},"What a dictionary is",[43,15282,15283],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[43,15285,15286],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[43,15288,15289],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[288,15291,15280],{"id":15292},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15294,28,15295,60],{},[30,15296,32],{},[40,15298,15299,15305],{},[43,15300,15301,15302,15304],{},"A ",[30,15303,14953],{}," is the label",[43,15306,15301,15307,15309],{},[30,15308,2804],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15311,15312],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[62,15314,15316],{"className":64,"code":15315,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15317,15318,15326,15342],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15319,15320,15322,15324],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15321,12973],{"class":77},[71,15323,82],{"class":81},[71,15325,11600],{"class":89},[71,15327,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15329,11605],{"class":99},[71,15331,94],{"class":103},[71,15333,3184],{"class":99},[71,15335,228],{"class":89},[71,15337,3683],{"class":99},[71,15339,12990],{"class":103},[71,15341,3689],{"class":99},[71,15343,15344],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,15345,252],{"class":89},[40,15347,15348,15354],{},[43,15349,15350,15353],{},[15,15351,15352],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[43,15355,15356,15359],{},[15,15357,15358],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15361,15362],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[40,15364,15365,15367,15369,15372],{},[43,15366,94],{},[43,15368,242],{},[43,15370,15371],{},"email",[43,15373,15374],{},"country",[288,15376,15378],{"id":15377},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15380,15381],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15383,283,15384,15386,15387,60],{},[15,15385,805],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15388,15389],{},"key: value",[62,15391,15393],{"className":64,"code":15392,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15394,15395,15403,15421,15435,15452,15456,15460],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15396,15397,15399,15401],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15398,12973],{"class":77},[71,15400,82],{"class":81},[71,15402,11600],{"class":89},[71,15404,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15406,11605],{"class":99},[71,15408,94],{"class":103},[71,15410,3184],{"class":99},[71,15412,228],{"class":89},[71,15414,3683],{"class":99},[71,15416,12990],{"class":103},[71,15418,3184],{"class":99},[71,15420,11621],{"class":89},[71,15422,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,15424,11605],{"class":99},[71,15426,242],{"class":103},[71,15428,3184],{"class":99},[71,15430,228],{"class":89},[71,15432,8129],{"class":117},[71,15434,11621],{"class":89},[71,15436,15437,15439,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,15438,11605],{"class":99},[71,15440,15441],{"class":103},"course",[71,15443,3184],{"class":99},[71,15445,228],{"class":89},[71,15447,3683],{"class":99},[71,15449,7637],{"class":103},[71,15451,3689],{"class":99},[71,15453,15454],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,15455,252],{"class":89},[71,15457,15458],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,15459,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,15461,15462,15464,15466,15468],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,15463,128],{"class":127},[71,15465,90],{"class":89},[71,15467,13737],{"class":133},[71,15469,121],{"class":89},[20,15471,15472],{},[30,15473,209],{},[62,15475,15477],{"className":64,"code":15476,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15478,15479],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15480,15481,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491,15493,15495,15497,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15482,219],{"class":89},[71,15484,100],{"class":99},[71,15486,94],{"class":103},[71,15488,100],{"class":99},[71,15490,228],{"class":89},[71,15492,231],{"class":99},[71,15494,12990],{"class":103},[71,15496,100],{"class":99},[71,15498,109],{"class":89},[71,15500,231],{"class":99},[71,15502,242],{"class":103},[71,15504,100],{"class":99},[71,15506,228],{"class":89},[71,15508,8129],{"class":117},[71,15510,109],{"class":89},[71,15512,231],{"class":99},[71,15514,15441],{"class":103},[71,15516,100],{"class":99},[71,15518,228],{"class":89},[71,15520,231],{"class":99},[71,15522,7637],{"class":103},[71,15524,100],{"class":99},[71,15526,252],{"class":89},[350,15528,15530],{"id":15529},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[40,15532,15533,15538,15543,15546],{},[43,15534,283,15535,15537],{},[15,15536,805],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[43,15539,15540,15541],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15542,15389],{},[43,15544,15545],{},"Separate items with commas",[43,15547,15548],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15550,2537],{},[62,15552,15554],{"className":64,"code":15553,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15555,15556,15565,15585,15601,15614,15618,15622],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15557,15558,15561,15563],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15559,15560],{"class":77},"book ",[71,15562,82],{"class":81},[71,15564,11600],{"class":89},[71,15566,15567,15569,15572,15574,15576,15578,15581,15583],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15568,11605],{"class":99},[71,15570,15571],{"class":103},"title",[71,15573,3184],{"class":99},[71,15575,228],{"class":89},[71,15577,3683],{"class":99},[71,15579,15580],{"class":103},"Python Basics",[71,15582,3184],{"class":99},[71,15584,11621],{"class":89},[71,15586,15587,15589,15592,15594,15596,15599],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,15588,11605],{"class":99},[71,15590,15591],{"class":103},"pages",[71,15593,3184],{"class":99},[71,15595,228],{"class":89},[71,15597,15598],{"class":117}," 150",[71,15600,11621],{"class":89},[71,15602,15603,15605,15608,15610,15612],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,15604,11605],{"class":99},[71,15606,15607],{"class":103},"available",[71,15609,3184],{"class":99},[71,15611,228],{"class":89},[71,15613,6761],{"class":4184},[71,15615,15616],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,15617,252],{"class":89},[71,15619,15620],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,15621,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,15623,15624,15626,15628,15631],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,15625,128],{"class":127},[71,15627,90],{"class":89},[71,15629,15630],{"class":133},"book",[71,15632,121],{"class":89},[20,15634,15635],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[288,15637,353],{"id":352},[20,15639,15640],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15642,15643],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[62,15645,15647],{"className":64,"code":15646,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15648,15649,15657],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15650,15651,15653,15655],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15652,78],{"class":77},[71,15654,82],{"class":81},[71,15656,799],{"class":89},[71,15658,15659,15661,15663,15665],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15660,128],{"class":127},[71,15662,90],{"class":89},[71,15664,134],{"class":133},[71,15666,121],{"class":89},[62,15668,15669],{"className":64,"code":356,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,15670,15671,15681],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15672,15673,15675,15677,15679],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15674,78],{"class":77},[71,15676,82],{"class":81},[71,15678,86],{"class":85},[71,15680,369],{"class":89},[71,15682,15683,15685,15687,15689],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15684,128],{"class":127},[71,15686,90],{"class":89},[71,15688,134],{"class":133},[71,15690,121],{"class":89},[20,15692,15693],{},[30,15694,209],{},[62,15696,15697],{"className":64,"code":386,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,15698,15699],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15700,15701],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15702,386],{"class":89},[20,15704,15705],{},"Both are correct.",[350,15707,15709],{"id":15708},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15711,15712,15714,15715,15718],{},[15,15713,805],{}," creates an empty ",[30,15716,15717],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15720,15721,15722,60],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15723,4128],{},[62,15725,15727],{"className":64,"code":15726,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15728,15729,15737,15749,15753,15767],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15730,15731,15733,15735],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15732,11832],{"class":77},[71,15734,82],{"class":81},[71,15736,799],{"class":89},[71,15738,15739,15742,15744,15747],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15740,15741],{"class":77},"my_set ",[71,15743,82],{"class":81},[71,15745,15746],{"class":85}," set",[71,15748,369],{"class":89},[71,15750,15751],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,15752,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,15754,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,15756,128],{"class":127},[71,15758,90],{"class":89},[71,15760,735],{"class":85},[71,15762,90],{"class":89},[71,15764,11556],{"class":133},[71,15766,204],{"class":89},[71,15768,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15780],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,15770,128],{"class":127},[71,15772,90],{"class":89},[71,15774,735],{"class":85},[71,15776,90],{"class":89},[71,15778,15779],{"class":133},"my_set",[71,15781,204],{"class":89},[20,15783,15784],{},[30,15785,209],{},[62,15787,15789],{"className":64,"code":15788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15790,15791,15805],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15792,15793,15795,15797,15799,15801,15803],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15794,765],{"class":81},[71,15796,769],{"class":768},[71,15798,231],{"class":99},[71,15800,196],{"class":103},[71,15802,100],{"class":99},[71,15804,778],{"class":81},[71,15806,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15808,765],{"class":81},[71,15810,769],{"class":768},[71,15812,231],{"class":99},[71,15814,6624],{"class":103},[71,15816,100],{"class":99},[71,15818,778],{"class":81},[288,15820,15822,15823],{"id":15821},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15824,17],{},[20,15826,15827,15828,15830],{},"You can also use ",[15,15829,17],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15832,15833],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[62,15835,15837],{"className":64,"code":15836,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15838,15839,15879],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15840,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15868,15870,15873,15875,15877],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15842,12973],{"class":77},[71,15844,82],{"class":81},[71,15846,86],{"class":85},[71,15848,90],{"class":89},[71,15850,94],{"class":93},[71,15852,82],{"class":81},[71,15854,3184],{"class":99},[71,15856,12990],{"class":103},[71,15858,3184],{"class":99},[71,15860,109],{"class":89},[71,15862,112],{"class":93},[71,15864,82],{"class":81},[71,15866,15867],{"class":117},"20",[71,15869,109],{"class":89},[71,15871,15872],{"class":93}," active",[71,15874,82],{"class":81},[71,15876,3935],{"class":4184},[71,15878,121],{"class":89},[71,15880,15881,15883,15885,15887],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,15882,128],{"class":127},[71,15884,90],{"class":89},[71,15886,13737],{"class":133},[71,15888,121],{"class":89},[20,15890,15891],{},[30,15892,209],{},[62,15894,15896],{"className":64,"code":15895,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15897,15898],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15899,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15935,15937,15939,15941],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15901,219],{"class":89},[71,15903,100],{"class":99},[71,15905,94],{"class":103},[71,15907,100],{"class":99},[71,15909,228],{"class":89},[71,15911,231],{"class":99},[71,15913,12990],{"class":103},[71,15915,100],{"class":99},[71,15917,109],{"class":89},[71,15919,231],{"class":99},[71,15921,242],{"class":103},[71,15923,100],{"class":99},[71,15925,228],{"class":89},[71,15927,8129],{"class":117},[71,15929,109],{"class":89},[71,15931,231],{"class":99},[71,15933,15934],{"class":103},"active",[71,15936,100],{"class":99},[71,15938,228],{"class":89},[71,15940,4250],{"class":4184},[71,15942,252],{"class":89},[20,15944,15945],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[350,15947,15949,15950],{"id":15948},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15951,17],{},[20,15953,15954],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[40,15956,15957,15960],{},[43,15958,15959],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[43,15961,15962],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15964,7027],{},[62,15966,15968],{"className":64,"code":15967,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15969,15970,16000],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,15971,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,15973,11595],{"class":77},[71,15975,82],{"class":81},[71,15977,86],{"class":85},[71,15979,90],{"class":89},[71,15981,94],{"class":93},[71,15983,82],{"class":81},[71,15985,3184],{"class":99},[71,15987,1470],{"class":103},[71,15989,3184],{"class":99},[71,15991,109],{"class":89},[71,15993,112],{"class":93},[71,15995,82],{"class":81},[71,15997,118],{"class":117},[71,15999,121],{"class":89},[71,16001,16002,16004,16006,16008],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16003,128],{"class":127},[71,16005,90],{"class":89},[71,16007,11689],{"class":133},[71,16009,121],{"class":89},[20,16011,4964,16012,16014],{},[30,16013,4967],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[62,16016,16018],{"className":64,"code":16017,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16019,16020],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16021,16022],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16023,16017],{"class":1439},[20,16025,16026],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16028,16029],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[62,16031,16033],{"className":64,"code":16032,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16034,16035,16043,16059,16063,16067],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16036,16037,16039,16041],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16038,11595],{"class":77},[71,16040,82],{"class":81},[71,16042,11600],{"class":89},[71,16044,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16046,11605],{"class":99},[71,16048,1461],{"class":103},[71,16050,3184],{"class":99},[71,16052,228],{"class":89},[71,16054,3683],{"class":99},[71,16056,1470],{"class":103},[71,16058,3689],{"class":99},[71,16060,16061],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,16062,252],{"class":89},[71,16064,16065],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,16066,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,16068,16069,16071,16073,16075],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,16070,128],{"class":127},[71,16072,90],{"class":89},[71,16074,11689],{"class":133},[71,16076,121],{"class":89},[288,16078,396],{"id":395},[20,16080,16081,16083],{},[15,16082,17],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16085,16086],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[62,16088,16090],{"className":64,"code":16089,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16091,16092,16149,16153,16167,16171],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16093,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16145,16147],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16095,149],{"class":77},[71,16097,82],{"class":81},[71,16099,154],{"class":89},[71,16101,3184],{"class":99},[71,16103,94],{"class":103},[71,16105,3184],{"class":99},[71,16107,109],{"class":89},[71,16109,3683],{"class":99},[71,16111,12990],{"class":103},[71,16113,3184],{"class":99},[71,16115,168],{"class":89},[71,16117,171],{"class":89},[71,16119,3184],{"class":99},[71,16121,242],{"class":103},[71,16123,3184],{"class":99},[71,16125,109],{"class":89},[71,16127,8129],{"class":117},[71,16129,168],{"class":89},[71,16131,171],{"class":89},[71,16133,3184],{"class":99},[71,16135,1373],{"class":103},[71,16137,3184],{"class":99},[71,16139,109],{"class":89},[71,16141,3683],{"class":99},[71,16143,16144],{"class":103},"Lima",[71,16146,3184],{"class":99},[71,16148,186],{"class":89},[71,16150,16151],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16152,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,16154,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,16156,12973],{"class":77},[71,16158,82],{"class":81},[71,16160,86],{"class":85},[71,16162,90],{"class":89},[71,16164,201],{"class":133},[71,16166,121],{"class":89},[71,16168,16169],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,16170,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,16172,16173,16175,16177,16179],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,16174,128],{"class":127},[71,16176,90],{"class":89},[71,16178,13737],{"class":133},[71,16180,121],{"class":89},[20,16182,16183],{},[30,16184,209],{},[62,16186,16188],{"className":64,"code":16187,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16189,16190],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16191,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16193,219],{"class":89},[71,16195,100],{"class":99},[71,16197,94],{"class":103},[71,16199,100],{"class":99},[71,16201,228],{"class":89},[71,16203,231],{"class":99},[71,16205,12990],{"class":103},[71,16207,100],{"class":99},[71,16209,109],{"class":89},[71,16211,231],{"class":99},[71,16213,242],{"class":103},[71,16215,100],{"class":99},[71,16217,228],{"class":89},[71,16219,8129],{"class":117},[71,16221,109],{"class":89},[71,16223,231],{"class":99},[71,16225,1373],{"class":103},[71,16227,100],{"class":99},[71,16229,228],{"class":89},[71,16231,231],{"class":99},[71,16233,16144],{"class":103},[71,16235,100],{"class":99},[71,16237,252],{"class":89},[20,16239,16240],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[62,16242,16244],{"className":64,"code":16243,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16245,16246,16287],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16247,16248,16250,16252,16254,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16249,12973],{"class":77},[71,16251,82],{"class":81},[71,16253,86],{"class":85},[71,16255,16256],{"class":89},"(((",[71,16258,3184],{"class":99},[71,16260,94],{"class":103},[71,16262,3184],{"class":99},[71,16264,109],{"class":89},[71,16266,3683],{"class":99},[71,16268,12990],{"class":103},[71,16270,3184],{"class":99},[71,16272,168],{"class":89},[71,16274,171],{"class":89},[71,16276,3184],{"class":99},[71,16278,242],{"class":103},[71,16280,3184],{"class":99},[71,16282,109],{"class":89},[71,16284,8129],{"class":117},[71,16286,3243],{"class":89},[71,16288,16289,16291,16293,16295],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16290,128],{"class":127},[71,16292,90],{"class":89},[71,16294,13737],{"class":133},[71,16296,121],{"class":89},[20,16298,16299],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[288,16301,16303],{"id":16302},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16305,16306],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[40,16308,16309,16312,16315,16318],{},[43,16310,16311],{},"Keys must be unique",[43,16313,16314],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[43,16316,16317],{},"Values can repeat",[43,16319,16320],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[350,16322,16324],{"id":16323},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[62,16326,16328],{"className":64,"code":16327,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16329,16330,16338,16356,16373,16377,16381],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16331,16332,16334,16336],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16333,78],{"class":77},[71,16335,82],{"class":81},[71,16337,11600],{"class":89},[71,16339,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16341,11605],{"class":99},[71,16343,94],{"class":103},[71,16345,3184],{"class":99},[71,16347,228],{"class":89},[71,16349,3683],{"class":99},[71,16351,12990],{"class":103},[71,16353,3184],{"class":99},[71,16355,11621],{"class":89},[71,16357,16358,16360,16362,16364,16366,16368,16371],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,16359,11605],{"class":99},[71,16361,94],{"class":103},[71,16363,3184],{"class":99},[71,16365,228],{"class":89},[71,16367,3683],{"class":99},[71,16369,16370],{"class":103},"Maria",[71,16372,3689],{"class":99},[71,16374,16375],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,16376,252],{"class":89},[71,16378,16379],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,16380,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,16382,16383,16385,16387,16389],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,16384,128],{"class":127},[71,16386,90],{"class":89},[71,16388,134],{"class":133},[71,16390,121],{"class":89},[20,16392,16393],{},[30,16394,209],{},[62,16396,16398],{"className":64,"code":16397,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16399,16400],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16401,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416,16418],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16403,219],{"class":89},[71,16405,100],{"class":99},[71,16407,94],{"class":103},[71,16409,100],{"class":99},[71,16411,228],{"class":89},[71,16413,231],{"class":99},[71,16415,16370],{"class":103},[71,16417,100],{"class":99},[71,16419,252],{"class":89},[20,16421,16422],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[350,16424,16426],{"id":16425},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[62,16428,16430],{"className":64,"code":16429,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16431,16432,16440,16456,16472,16486,16490,16494],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16433,16434,16436,16438],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16435,5400],{"class":77},[71,16437,82],{"class":81},[71,16439,11600],{"class":89},[71,16441,16442,16445,16447,16449,16452,16454],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16443,16444],{"class":117},"    1",[71,16446,228],{"class":89},[71,16448,3683],{"class":99},[71,16450,16451],{"class":103},"low",[71,16453,3184],{"class":99},[71,16455,11621],{"class":89},[71,16457,16458,16461,16463,16465,16468,16470],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,16459,16460],{"class":117},"    2",[71,16462,228],{"class":89},[71,16464,3683],{"class":99},[71,16466,16467],{"class":103},"medium",[71,16469,3184],{"class":99},[71,16471,11621],{"class":89},[71,16473,16474,16477,16479,16481,16484],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,16475,16476],{"class":117},"    3",[71,16478,228],{"class":89},[71,16480,3683],{"class":99},[71,16482,16483],{"class":103},"high",[71,16485,3689],{"class":99},[71,16487,16488],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,16489,252],{"class":89},[71,16491,16492],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,16493,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,16495,16496,16498,16500,16503],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,16497,128],{"class":127},[71,16499,90],{"class":89},[71,16501,16502],{"class":133},"scores",[71,16504,121],{"class":89},[350,16506,16508],{"id":16507},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16510,16511],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16513,16514],{},"This will cause an error:",[62,16516,16518],{"className":64,"code":16517,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16519,16520,16525,16530],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16521,16522],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16523,16524],{"class":1439},"# bad = {\n",[71,16526,16527],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16528,16529],{"class":1439},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[71,16531,16532],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,16533,16534],{"class":1439},"# }\n",[20,16536,16537],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[62,16539,16541],{"className":64,"code":16540,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16542,16543,16552,16572,16576,16580],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16544,16545,16548,16550],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16546,16547],{"class":77},"good ",[71,16549,82],{"class":81},[71,16551,11600],{"class":89},[71,16553,16554,16557,16559,16561,16563,16566,16568,16570],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16555,16556],{"class":89},"    (",[71,16558,3320],{"class":117},[71,16560,109],{"class":89},[71,16562,183],{"class":117},[71,16564,16565],{"class":89},"):",[71,16567,3683],{"class":99},[71,16569,3980],{"class":103},[71,16571,3689],{"class":99},[71,16573,16574],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,16575,252],{"class":89},[71,16577,16578],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,16579,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,16581,16582,16584,16586,16589],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,16583,128],{"class":127},[71,16585,90],{"class":89},[71,16587,16588],{"class":133},"good",[71,16590,121],{"class":89},[288,16592,16594],{"id":16593},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16596,16597],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16599,16600],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[40,16602,16603,16606,16608,16611],{},[43,16604,16605],{},"user data",[43,16607,13996],{},[43,16609,16610],{},"counters",[43,16612,16613],{},"lookups",[20,16615,2537],{},[62,16617,16619],{"className":64,"code":16618,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16620,16621,16629,16648,16667,16679,16683,16687],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16622,16623,16625,16627],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16624,11595],{"class":77},[71,16626,82],{"class":81},[71,16628,11600],{"class":89},[71,16630,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16644,16646],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16632,11605],{"class":99},[71,16634,8324],{"class":103},[71,16636,3184],{"class":99},[71,16638,228],{"class":89},[71,16640,3683],{"class":99},[71,16642,16643],{"class":103},"ana123",[71,16645,3184],{"class":99},[71,16647,11621],{"class":89},[71,16649,16650,16652,16654,16656,16658,16660,16663,16665],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,16651,11605],{"class":99},[71,16653,15371],{"class":103},[71,16655,3184],{"class":99},[71,16657,228],{"class":89},[71,16659,3683],{"class":99},[71,16661,16662],{"class":103},"ana@example.com",[71,16664,3184],{"class":99},[71,16666,11621],{"class":89},[71,16668,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,16670,11605],{"class":99},[71,16672,12623],{"class":103},[71,16674,3184],{"class":99},[71,16676,228],{"class":89},[71,16678,6761],{"class":4184},[71,16680,16681],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,16682,252],{"class":89},[71,16684,16685],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,16686,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,16688,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,16690,128],{"class":127},[71,16692,90],{"class":89},[71,16694,11689],{"class":133},[71,16696,4234],{"class":89},[71,16698,3184],{"class":99},[71,16700,15371],{"class":103},[71,16702,3184],{"class":99},[71,16704,4222],{"class":89},[20,16706,16707,16708,60],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[56,16709,16711],{"href":16710},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16713,16714],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[40,16716,16717,16720,16723],{},[43,16718,16719],{},"labels are not needed",[43,16721,16722],{},"you mostly care about position",[43,16724,16725],{},"order matters more than named fields",[288,16727,2054],{"id":2053},[20,16729,16730],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[40,16732,16733,16736,16739,16742,16745],{},[43,16734,16735],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[43,16737,16738],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[43,16740,16741],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[43,16743,16744],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[43,16746,16747,16748,16750],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16749,805],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[350,16752,16754],{"id":16753},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16756,16757],{},"Wrong:",[62,16759,16761],{"className":64,"code":16760,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16762,16763],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16764,16765],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16766,16760],{"class":1439},[20,16768,16769],{},"Correct:",[62,16771,16773],{"className":64,"code":16772,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16774,16775,16799],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16776,16777,16779,16781,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16778,12973],{"class":77},[71,16780,82],{"class":81},[71,16782,1456],{"class":89},[71,16784,3184],{"class":99},[71,16786,94],{"class":103},[71,16788,3184],{"class":99},[71,16790,228],{"class":89},[71,16792,3683],{"class":99},[71,16794,12990],{"class":103},[71,16796,3184],{"class":99},[71,16798,252],{"class":89},[71,16800,16801,16803,16805,16807],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16802,128],{"class":127},[71,16804,90],{"class":89},[71,16806,13737],{"class":133},[71,16808,121],{"class":89},[350,16810,16812],{"id":16811},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16814,16757],{},[62,16816,16818],{"className":64,"code":16817,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16819,16820],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16821,16822],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16823,16817],{"class":1439},[20,16825,16826,16827,16829,16830,16832],{},"This only works if ",[15,16828,94],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16831,15352],{},", use quotes.",[20,16834,16769],{},[62,16836,16837],{"className":64,"code":16772,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,16838,16839,16863],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16840,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16842,12973],{"class":77},[71,16844,82],{"class":81},[71,16846,1456],{"class":89},[71,16848,3184],{"class":99},[71,16850,94],{"class":103},[71,16852,3184],{"class":99},[71,16854,228],{"class":89},[71,16856,3683],{"class":99},[71,16858,12990],{"class":103},[71,16860,3184],{"class":99},[71,16862,252],{"class":89},[71,16864,16865,16867,16869,16871],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16866,128],{"class":127},[71,16868,90],{"class":89},[71,16870,13737],{"class":133},[71,16872,121],{"class":89},[350,16874,16876],{"id":16875},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[62,16878,16880],{"className":64,"code":16879,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16881,16882,16914],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16883,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16885,78],{"class":77},[71,16887,82],{"class":81},[71,16889,1456],{"class":89},[71,16891,3184],{"class":99},[71,16893,242],{"class":103},[71,16895,3184],{"class":99},[71,16897,228],{"class":89},[71,16899,8129],{"class":117},[71,16901,109],{"class":89},[71,16903,3683],{"class":99},[71,16905,242],{"class":103},[71,16907,3184],{"class":99},[71,16909,228],{"class":89},[71,16911,8134],{"class":117},[71,16913,252],{"class":89},[71,16915,16916,16918,16920,16922],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,16917,128],{"class":127},[71,16919,90],{"class":89},[71,16921,134],{"class":133},[71,16923,121],{"class":89},[20,16925,16926],{},[30,16927,209],{},[62,16929,16931],{"className":64,"code":16930,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16932,16933],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16934,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16936,219],{"class":89},[71,16938,100],{"class":99},[71,16940,242],{"class":103},[71,16942,100],{"class":99},[71,16944,228],{"class":89},[71,16946,8134],{"class":117},[71,16948,252],{"class":89},[288,16950,16952],{"id":16951},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16954,16955],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[62,16957,16959],{"className":64,"code":16958,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16960,16961,16997,17001,17011,17025,17040,17054],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,16962,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987,16989,16991,16993,16995],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,16964,11832],{"class":77},[71,16966,82],{"class":81},[71,16968,1456],{"class":89},[71,16970,3184],{"class":99},[71,16972,94],{"class":103},[71,16974,3184],{"class":99},[71,16976,228],{"class":89},[71,16978,3683],{"class":99},[71,16980,12990],{"class":103},[71,16982,3184],{"class":99},[71,16984,109],{"class":89},[71,16986,3683],{"class":99},[71,16988,242],{"class":103},[71,16990,3184],{"class":99},[71,16992,228],{"class":89},[71,16994,8129],{"class":117},[71,16996,252],{"class":89},[71,16998,16999],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,17000,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,17002,17003,17005,17007,17009],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,17004,128],{"class":127},[71,17006,90],{"class":89},[71,17008,11556],{"class":133},[71,17010,121],{"class":89},[71,17012,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,17014,128],{"class":127},[71,17016,90],{"class":89},[71,17018,735],{"class":85},[71,17020,90],{"class":89},[71,17022,11556],{"class":133},[71,17024,204],{"class":89},[71,17026,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17038],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,17028,128],{"class":127},[71,17030,90],{"class":89},[71,17032,11556],{"class":133},[71,17034,60],{"class":89},[71,17036,17037],{"class":133},"keys",[71,17039,7534],{"class":89},[71,17041,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,17043,128],{"class":127},[71,17045,90],{"class":89},[71,17047,11556],{"class":133},[71,17049,60],{"class":89},[71,17051,5694],{"class":133},[71,17053,7534],{"class":89},[71,17055,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,17057,128],{"class":127},[71,17059,90],{"class":89},[71,17061,2139],{"class":127},[71,17063,90],{"class":89},[71,17065,11556],{"class":133},[71,17067,204],{"class":89},[20,17069,17070],{},[30,17071,17072],{},"Example output:",[62,17074,17076],{"className":64,"code":17075,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17077,17078,17110,17124,17147,17166],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17079,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17081,219],{"class":89},[71,17083,100],{"class":99},[71,17085,94],{"class":103},[71,17087,100],{"class":99},[71,17089,228],{"class":89},[71,17091,231],{"class":99},[71,17093,12990],{"class":103},[71,17095,100],{"class":99},[71,17097,109],{"class":89},[71,17099,231],{"class":99},[71,17101,242],{"class":103},[71,17103,100],{"class":99},[71,17105,228],{"class":89},[71,17107,8129],{"class":117},[71,17109,252],{"class":89},[71,17111,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,17113,765],{"class":81},[71,17115,769],{"class":768},[71,17117,231],{"class":99},[71,17119,196],{"class":103},[71,17121,100],{"class":99},[71,17123,778],{"class":81},[71,17125,17126,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,17127,17128],{"class":133},"dict_keys",[71,17130,3317],{"class":89},[71,17132,100],{"class":99},[71,17134,94],{"class":103},[71,17136,100],{"class":99},[71,17138,109],{"class":89},[71,17140,231],{"class":99},[71,17142,242],{"class":103},[71,17144,100],{"class":99},[71,17146,4222],{"class":89},[71,17148,17149,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162,17164],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,17150,17151],{"class":133},"dict_values",[71,17153,3317],{"class":89},[71,17155,100],{"class":99},[71,17157,12990],{"class":103},[71,17159,100],{"class":99},[71,17161,109],{"class":89},[71,17163,8129],{"class":117},[71,17165,4222],{"class":89},[71,17167,17168],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,17169,17170],{"class":117},"2\n",[20,17172,17173,17174,2518,17180,17186,17187,60],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[56,17175,1705,17177],{"href":17176},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17178,17179],{},"keys()",[56,17181,1705,17183],{"href":17182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17184,17185],{},"values()",", and ",[56,17188,1705,17190],{"href":17189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17191,17192],{},"items()",[288,17194,2163],{"id":2162},[350,17196,17198],{"id":17197},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17200,283,17201,3209,17203,17205],{},[15,17202,805],{},[15,17204,17],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[350,17207,17209],{"id":17208},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17211,17212,17213,60],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17214,17215],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[350,17217,17219],{"id":17218},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17221,17222],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[350,17224,17226],{"id":17225},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17228,17229],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[350,17231,2167,17233,1560,17235,2172],{"id":17232},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17234,805],{},[15,17236,17],{},[20,17238,17239,17241,17242,17244],{},[15,17240,805],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17243,17],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[288,17246,2221],{"id":2220},[40,17248,17249,17253,17259,17263,17269],{},[43,17250,17251],{},[56,17252,59],{"href":58},[43,17254,17255],{},[56,17256,1705,17257,1709],{"href":1704},[15,17258,1708],{},[43,17260,17261],{},[56,17262,2237],{"href":1699},[43,17264,17265],{},[56,17266,17268],{"href":17267},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[43,17270,17271],{},[56,17272,2248],{"href":2049},[20,17274,17275],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2250,17277,17278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":17280},[17281,17282,17283,17284,17287,17290,17295,17296,17301,17302,17307,17308,17316],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":15274,"depth":124,"text":15275},{"id":15292,"depth":124,"text":15280},{"id":15377,"depth":124,"text":15378,"children":17285},[17286],{"id":15529,"depth":139,"text":15530},{"id":352,"depth":124,"text":353,"children":17288},[17289],{"id":15708,"depth":139,"text":15709},{"id":15821,"depth":124,"text":17291,"children":17292},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17293],{"id":15948,"depth":139,"text":17294},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":395,"depth":124,"text":396},{"id":16302,"depth":124,"text":16303,"children":17297},[17298,17299,17300],{"id":16323,"depth":139,"text":16324},{"id":16425,"depth":139,"text":16426},{"id":16507,"depth":139,"text":16508},{"id":16593,"depth":124,"text":16594},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":17303},[17304,17305,17306],{"id":16753,"depth":139,"text":16754},{"id":16811,"depth":139,"text":16812},{"id":16875,"depth":139,"text":16876},{"id":16951,"depth":124,"text":16952},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":17309},[17310,17311,17312,17313,17314],{"id":17197,"depth":139,"text":17198},{"id":17208,"depth":139,"text":17209},{"id":17218,"depth":139,"text":17219},{"id":17225,"depth":139,"text":17226},{"id":17232,"depth":139,"text":17315},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15117,"description":17317},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17323,"title":17324,"body":17325,"description":19776,"extension":2292,"meta":19777,"navigation":142,"path":19778,"seo":19779,"stem":19780,"__hash__":19781},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17326,"toc":19732},[17327,17333,17339,17342,17345,17347,17429,17435,17440,17444,17462,17474,17479,17483,17506,17510,17522,17530,17534,17540,17542,17545,17620,17622,17667,17669,17686,17691,17697,17702,17776,17778,17823,17826,17837,17839,17958,17960,18013,18020,18024,18027,18044,18050,18054,18152,18154,18206,18213,18217,18223,18226,18229,18256,18261,18265,18268,18372,18374,18419,18422,18425,18430,18435,18446,18448,18509,18569,18575,18583,18589,18594,18599,18659,18663,18730,18733,18737,18808,18811,18824,18831,18833,18837,18841,18912,18914,18951,18954,18957,19020,19027,19030,19072,19082,19085,19154,19160,19165,19249,19251,19300,19307,19313,19358,19360,19393,19398,19402,19408,19447,19491,19559,19602,19604,19610,19613,19617,19622,19626,19629,19633,19635,19696,19698,19724,19729],[10,17328,11424,17330,11428],{"id":17329},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17331,17332],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17334,17335,17338],{},[15,17336,17337],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17340,17341],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17343,17344],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[288,17346,2334],{"id":2333},[62,17348,17350],{"className":64,"code":17349,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17351,17352,17385,17413,17424],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17353,17354,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17355,17356],{"class":77},"keys ",[71,17358,82],{"class":81},[71,17360,1740],{"class":89},[71,17362,3184],{"class":99},[71,17364,94],{"class":103},[71,17366,3184],{"class":99},[71,17368,109],{"class":89},[71,17370,3683],{"class":99},[71,17372,242],{"class":103},[71,17374,3184],{"class":99},[71,17376,109],{"class":89},[71,17378,3683],{"class":99},[71,17380,1373],{"class":103},[71,17382,3184],{"class":99},[71,17384,1757],{"class":89},[71,17386,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17409,17411],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,17388,13315],{"class":77},[71,17390,82],{"class":81},[71,17392,86],{"class":85},[71,17394,60],{"class":89},[71,17396,17397],{"class":133},"fromkeys",[71,17399,90],{"class":89},[71,17401,17037],{"class":133},[71,17403,109],{"class":89},[71,17405,3683],{"class":99},[71,17407,17408],{"class":103},"unknown",[71,17410,3184],{"class":99},[71,17412,121],{"class":89},[71,17414,17415,17417,17419,17422],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,17416,128],{"class":127},[71,17418,90],{"class":89},[71,17420,17421],{"class":133},"person",[71,17423,121],{"class":89},[71,17425,17426],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,17427,17428],{"class":1439},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17430,283,17431,17434],{},[15,17432,17433],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[288,17436,291,17438,294],{"id":17437},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17439,17337],{},[20,17441,17442,228],{},[15,17443,17337],{},[40,17445,17446,17449,17452,17455],{},[43,17447,17448],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[43,17450,17451],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[43,17453,17454],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[43,17456,17457,17458,17461],{},"Is called as ",[15,17459,17460],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17463,17464,17465,17467,17468,17470,17471,60],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17466,196],{},", so you write ",[15,17469,17460],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17472,17473],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17475,17476,17477,60],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[56,17478,59],{"href":13133},[288,17480,17482],{"id":17481},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[62,17484,17486],{"className":64,"code":17485,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17487,17488],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17489,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17491,196],{"class":85},[71,17493,60],{"class":89},[71,17495,17397],{"class":133},[71,17497,90],{"class":89},[71,17499,4052],{"class":133},[71,17501,109],{"class":89},[71,17503,8774],{"class":133},[71,17505,121],{"class":89},[350,17507,17509],{"id":17508},"parameters","Parameters",[40,17511,17512,17517],{},[43,17513,17514,17516],{},[15,17515,4052],{},": the keys to use",[43,17518,17519,17521],{},[15,17520,2804],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17523,17524,17525,17527,17528,60],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17526,2804],{},", each key gets ",[15,17529,4110],{},[350,17531,17533],{"id":17532},"return-value","Return value",[20,17535,17536,17537,60],{},"It returns a ",[30,17538,17539],{},"new dictionary",[288,17541,6123],{"id":6122},[20,17543,17544],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[62,17546,17548],{"className":64,"code":17547,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17549,17550,17583,17605,17609],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17551,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17553,17356],{"class":77},[71,17555,82],{"class":81},[71,17557,1740],{"class":89},[71,17559,3184],{"class":99},[71,17561,13203],{"class":103},[71,17563,3184],{"class":99},[71,17565,109],{"class":89},[71,17567,3683],{"class":99},[71,17569,17570],{"class":103},"green",[71,17572,3184],{"class":99},[71,17574,109],{"class":89},[71,17576,3683],{"class":99},[71,17578,13220],{"class":103},[71,17580,3184],{"class":99},[71,17582,1757],{"class":89},[71,17584,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,17586,13186],{"class":77},[71,17588,82],{"class":81},[71,17590,86],{"class":85},[71,17592,60],{"class":89},[71,17594,17397],{"class":133},[71,17596,90],{"class":89},[71,17598,17037],{"class":133},[71,17600,109],{"class":89},[71,17602,4165],{"class":117},[71,17604,121],{"class":89},[71,17606,17607],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,17608,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,17610,17611,17613,17615,17618],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,17612,128],{"class":127},[71,17614,90],{"class":89},[71,17616,17617],{"class":133},"colors",[71,17619,121],{"class":89},[20,17621,209],{},[62,17623,17625],{"className":64,"code":17624,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17626,17627],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17628,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17630,219],{"class":89},[71,17632,100],{"class":99},[71,17634,13203],{"class":103},[71,17636,100],{"class":99},[71,17638,228],{"class":89},[71,17640,4165],{"class":117},[71,17642,109],{"class":89},[71,17644,231],{"class":99},[71,17646,17570],{"class":103},[71,17648,100],{"class":99},[71,17650,228],{"class":89},[71,17652,4165],{"class":117},[71,17654,109],{"class":89},[71,17656,231],{"class":99},[71,17658,13220],{"class":103},[71,17660,100],{"class":99},[71,17662,228],{"class":89},[71,17664,4165],{"class":117},[71,17666,252],{"class":89},[20,17668,11791],{},[40,17670,17671,17676,17681],{},[43,17672,17673,17675],{},[15,17674,17037],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[43,17677,17678,17680],{},[15,17679,2449],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[43,17682,17683,17685],{},[15,17684,17337],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17687,17688,17689,60],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[56,17690,339],{"href":13136},[288,17692,8758,17694,17696],{"id":17693},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17695,17332],{}," without a value",[20,17698,17699,17700,60],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17701,4110],{},[62,17703,17705],{"className":64,"code":17704,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17706,17707,17741,17761,17765],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17708,17709,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17737,17739],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17710,17711],{"class":77},"fields ",[71,17713,82],{"class":81},[71,17715,1740],{"class":89},[71,17717,3184],{"class":99},[71,17719,8324],{"class":103},[71,17721,3184],{"class":99},[71,17723,109],{"class":89},[71,17725,3683],{"class":99},[71,17727,15371],{"class":103},[71,17729,3184],{"class":99},[71,17731,109],{"class":89},[71,17733,3683],{"class":99},[71,17735,17736],{"class":103},"password",[71,17738,3184],{"class":99},[71,17740,1757],{"class":89},[71,17742,17743,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17759],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,17744,17745],{"class":77},"user_data ",[71,17747,82],{"class":81},[71,17749,86],{"class":85},[71,17751,60],{"class":89},[71,17753,17397],{"class":133},[71,17755,90],{"class":89},[71,17757,17758],{"class":133},"fields",[71,17760,121],{"class":89},[71,17762,17763],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,17764,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,17766,17767,17769,17771,17774],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,17768,128],{"class":127},[71,17770,90],{"class":89},[71,17772,17773],{"class":133},"user_data",[71,17775,121],{"class":89},[20,17777,209],{},[62,17779,17781],{"className":64,"code":17780,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17782,17783],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17784,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17786,219],{"class":89},[71,17788,100],{"class":99},[71,17790,8324],{"class":103},[71,17792,100],{"class":99},[71,17794,228],{"class":89},[71,17796,4185],{"class":4184},[71,17798,109],{"class":89},[71,17800,231],{"class":99},[71,17802,15371],{"class":103},[71,17804,100],{"class":99},[71,17806,228],{"class":89},[71,17808,4185],{"class":4184},[71,17810,109],{"class":89},[71,17812,231],{"class":99},[71,17814,17736],{"class":103},[71,17816,100],{"class":99},[71,17818,228],{"class":89},[71,17820,4185],{"class":4184},[71,17822,252],{"class":89},[20,17824,17825],{},"This is useful when:",[40,17827,17828,17831,17834],{},[43,17829,17830],{},"You want to create the keys first",[43,17832,17833],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[43,17835,17836],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17838,2537],{},[62,17840,17842],{"className":64,"code":17841,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17843,17844,17876,17894,17898,17921,17944,17948],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17845,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17847,17711],{"class":77},[71,17849,82],{"class":81},[71,17851,1740],{"class":89},[71,17853,3184],{"class":99},[71,17855,8324],{"class":103},[71,17857,3184],{"class":99},[71,17859,109],{"class":89},[71,17861,3683],{"class":99},[71,17863,15371],{"class":103},[71,17865,3184],{"class":99},[71,17867,109],{"class":89},[71,17869,3683],{"class":99},[71,17871,17736],{"class":103},[71,17873,3184],{"class":99},[71,17875,1757],{"class":89},[71,17877,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,17879,17745],{"class":77},[71,17881,82],{"class":81},[71,17883,86],{"class":85},[71,17885,60],{"class":89},[71,17887,17397],{"class":133},[71,17889,90],{"class":89},[71,17891,17758],{"class":133},[71,17893,121],{"class":89},[71,17895,17896],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,17897,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,17899,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17919],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,17901,17773],{"class":77},[71,17903,4234],{"class":89},[71,17905,3184],{"class":99},[71,17907,8324],{"class":103},[71,17909,3184],{"class":99},[71,17911,13384],{"class":89},[71,17913,13387],{"class":81},[71,17915,3683],{"class":99},[71,17917,17918],{"class":103},"alice",[71,17920,3689],{"class":99},[71,17922,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17942],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,17924,17773],{"class":77},[71,17926,4234],{"class":89},[71,17928,3184],{"class":99},[71,17930,15371],{"class":103},[71,17932,3184],{"class":99},[71,17934,13384],{"class":89},[71,17936,13387],{"class":81},[71,17938,3683],{"class":99},[71,17940,17941],{"class":103},"alice@example.com",[71,17943,3689],{"class":99},[71,17945,17946],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,17947,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,17949,17950,17952,17954,17956],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,17951,128],{"class":127},[71,17953,90],{"class":89},[71,17955,17773],{"class":133},[71,17957,121],{"class":89},[20,17959,209],{},[62,17961,17963],{"className":64,"code":17962,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17964,17965],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,17966,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,17968,219],{"class":89},[71,17970,100],{"class":99},[71,17972,8324],{"class":103},[71,17974,100],{"class":99},[71,17976,228],{"class":89},[71,17978,231],{"class":99},[71,17980,17918],{"class":103},[71,17982,100],{"class":99},[71,17984,109],{"class":89},[71,17986,231],{"class":99},[71,17988,15371],{"class":103},[71,17990,100],{"class":99},[71,17992,228],{"class":89},[71,17994,231],{"class":99},[71,17996,17941],{"class":103},[71,17998,100],{"class":99},[71,18000,109],{"class":89},[71,18002,231],{"class":99},[71,18004,17736],{"class":103},[71,18006,100],{"class":99},[71,18008,228],{"class":89},[71,18010,4185],{"class":4184},[71,18012,252],{"class":89},[20,18014,18015,18016,60],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[56,18017,18019],{"href":18018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[288,18021,18023],{"id":18022},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18025,18026],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[40,18028,18029,18034,18039],{},[43,18030,18031,18033],{},[15,18032,4119],{}," (list)",[43,18035,18036,18038],{},[15,18037,805],{}," (dictionary)",[43,18040,18041,18043],{},[15,18042,4128],{}," (set)",[20,18045,18046,18047,60],{},"All keys will point to the ",[30,18048,18049],{},"same object",[350,18051,18053],{"id":18052},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[62,18055,18057],{"className":64,"code":18056,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18058,18059,18091,18112,18116,18138,18142],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18060,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18062,17356],{"class":77},[71,18064,82],{"class":81},[71,18066,1740],{"class":89},[71,18068,3184],{"class":99},[71,18070,56],{"class":103},[71,18072,3184],{"class":99},[71,18074,109],{"class":89},[71,18076,3683],{"class":99},[71,18078,176],{"class":103},[71,18080,3184],{"class":99},[71,18082,109],{"class":89},[71,18084,3683],{"class":99},[71,18086,694],{"class":103},[71,18088,3184],{"class":99},[71,18090,1757],{"class":89},[71,18092,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18094,78],{"class":77},[71,18096,82],{"class":81},[71,18098,86],{"class":85},[71,18100,60],{"class":89},[71,18102,17397],{"class":133},[71,18104,90],{"class":89},[71,18106,17037],{"class":133},[71,18108,109],{"class":89},[71,18110,18111],{"class":89}," [])\n",[71,18113,18114],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,18115,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,18117,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,18119,134],{"class":77},[71,18121,4234],{"class":89},[71,18123,3184],{"class":99},[71,18125,56],{"class":103},[71,18127,3184],{"class":99},[71,18129,13661],{"class":89},[71,18131,13664],{"class":133},[71,18133,90],{"class":89},[71,18135,3320],{"class":117},[71,18137,121],{"class":89},[71,18139,18140],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,18141,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,18143,18144,18146,18148,18150],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,18145,128],{"class":127},[71,18147,90],{"class":89},[71,18149,134],{"class":133},[71,18151,121],{"class":89},[20,18153,209],{},[62,18155,18157],{"className":64,"code":18156,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18158,18159],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18160,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18162,219],{"class":89},[71,18164,100],{"class":99},[71,18166,56],{"class":103},[71,18168,100],{"class":99},[71,18170,228],{"class":89},[71,18172,1740],{"class":89},[71,18174,3320],{"class":117},[71,18176,18177],{"class":89},"],",[71,18179,231],{"class":99},[71,18181,176],{"class":103},[71,18183,100],{"class":99},[71,18185,228],{"class":89},[71,18187,1740],{"class":89},[71,18189,3320],{"class":117},[71,18191,18177],{"class":89},[71,18193,231],{"class":99},[71,18195,694],{"class":103},[71,18197,100],{"class":99},[71,18199,228],{"class":89},[71,18201,1740],{"class":89},[71,18203,3320],{"class":117},[71,18205,13817],{"class":89},[20,18207,18208,18209,18212],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18210,18211],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[350,18214,18216],{"id":18215},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18218,18219,18222],{},[15,18220,18221],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18224,18225],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18227,18228],{},"So this:",[62,18230,18232],{"className":64,"code":18231,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18233,18234],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18235,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18237,134],{"class":77},[71,18239,4234],{"class":89},[71,18241,3184],{"class":99},[71,18243,56],{"class":103},[71,18245,3184],{"class":99},[71,18247,13661],{"class":89},[71,18249,13664],{"class":133},[71,18251,90],{"class":89},[71,18253,3320],{"class":117},[71,18255,121],{"class":89},[20,18257,18258,18259,60],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18260,18211],{},[350,18262,18264],{"id":18263},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18266,18267],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[62,18269,18271],{"className":64,"code":18270,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18272,18273,18305,18332,18336,18358,18362],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18274,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18276,17356],{"class":77},[71,18278,82],{"class":81},[71,18280,1740],{"class":89},[71,18282,3184],{"class":99},[71,18284,56],{"class":103},[71,18286,3184],{"class":99},[71,18288,109],{"class":89},[71,18290,3683],{"class":99},[71,18292,176],{"class":103},[71,18294,3184],{"class":99},[71,18296,109],{"class":89},[71,18298,3683],{"class":99},[71,18300,694],{"class":103},[71,18302,3184],{"class":99},[71,18304,1757],{"class":89},[71,18306,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18320,18322,18325,18327,18330],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18308,78],{"class":77},[71,18310,82],{"class":81},[71,18312,1456],{"class":89},[71,18314,14953],{"class":77},[71,18316,228],{"class":89},[71,18318,18319],{"class":89}," []",[71,18321,4210],{"class":4209},[71,18323,18324],{"class":77}," key ",[71,18326,4216],{"class":4209},[71,18328,18329],{"class":77}," keys",[71,18331,252],{"class":89},[71,18333,18334],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,18335,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,18337,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,18339,134],{"class":77},[71,18341,4234],{"class":89},[71,18343,3184],{"class":99},[71,18345,56],{"class":103},[71,18347,3184],{"class":99},[71,18349,13661],{"class":89},[71,18351,13664],{"class":133},[71,18353,90],{"class":89},[71,18355,3320],{"class":117},[71,18357,121],{"class":89},[71,18359,18360],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,18361,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,18363,18364,18366,18368,18370],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,18365,128],{"class":127},[71,18367,90],{"class":89},[71,18369,134],{"class":133},[71,18371,121],{"class":89},[20,18373,209],{},[62,18375,18377],{"className":64,"code":18376,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18378,18379],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18380,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18382,219],{"class":89},[71,18384,100],{"class":99},[71,18386,56],{"class":103},[71,18388,100],{"class":99},[71,18390,228],{"class":89},[71,18392,1740],{"class":89},[71,18394,3320],{"class":117},[71,18396,18177],{"class":89},[71,18398,231],{"class":99},[71,18400,176],{"class":103},[71,18402,100],{"class":99},[71,18404,228],{"class":89},[71,18406,18407],{"class":89}," [],",[71,18409,231],{"class":99},[71,18411,694],{"class":103},[71,18413,100],{"class":99},[71,18415,228],{"class":89},[71,18417,18418],{"class":89}," []}\n",[20,18420,18421],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18423,18424],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[288,18426,5298,18428],{"id":18427},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18429,17332],{},[20,18431,18432,18434],{},[15,18433,17337],{}," is a good choice when:",[40,18436,18437,18440,18443],{},[43,18438,18439],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[43,18441,18442],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[43,18444,18445],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18447,2455],{},[62,18449,18451],{"className":64,"code":18450,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18452,18453,18498],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18454,18455,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18490,18492,18494,18496],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18456,18457],{"class":77},"flags ",[71,18459,82],{"class":81},[71,18461,86],{"class":85},[71,18463,60],{"class":89},[71,18465,17397],{"class":133},[71,18467,3317],{"class":89},[71,18469,3184],{"class":99},[71,18471,18472],{"class":103},"is_admin",[71,18474,3184],{"class":99},[71,18476,109],{"class":89},[71,18478,3683],{"class":99},[71,18480,15191],{"class":103},[71,18482,3184],{"class":99},[71,18484,109],{"class":89},[71,18486,3683],{"class":99},[71,18488,18489],{"class":103},"is_verified",[71,18491,3184],{"class":99},[71,18493,18177],{"class":89},[71,18495,4241],{"class":4184},[71,18497,121],{"class":89},[71,18499,18500,18502,18504,18507],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18501,128],{"class":127},[71,18503,90],{"class":89},[71,18505,18506],{"class":133},"flags",[71,18508,121],{"class":89},[62,18510,18512],{"className":64,"code":18511,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18513,18514,18559],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18515,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18533,18535,18537,18539,18542,18544,18546,18548,18551,18553,18555,18557],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18517,5400],{"class":77},[71,18519,82],{"class":81},[71,18521,86],{"class":85},[71,18523,60],{"class":89},[71,18525,17397],{"class":133},[71,18527,3317],{"class":89},[71,18529,3184],{"class":99},[71,18531,18532],{"class":103},"math",[71,18534,3184],{"class":99},[71,18536,109],{"class":89},[71,18538,3683],{"class":99},[71,18540,18541],{"class":103},"science",[71,18543,3184],{"class":99},[71,18545,109],{"class":89},[71,18547,3683],{"class":99},[71,18549,18550],{"class":103},"history",[71,18552,3184],{"class":99},[71,18554,18177],{"class":89},[71,18556,4165],{"class":117},[71,18558,121],{"class":89},[71,18560,18561,18563,18565,18567],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18562,128],{"class":127},[71,18564,90],{"class":89},[71,18566,16502],{"class":133},[71,18568,121],{"class":89},[20,18570,18571,18572,18574],{},"It is ",[30,18573,4967],{}," the best choice when:",[40,18576,18577,18580],{},[43,18578,18579],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[43,18581,18582],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[288,18584,18586,18588],{"id":18585},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18587,17332],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18590,18591,18593],{},[15,18592,17332],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[350,18595,8758,18597],{"id":18596},"using-fromkeys",[15,18598,17332],{},[62,18600,18602],{"className":64,"code":18601,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18603,18604,18649],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18605,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18623,18625,18627,18629,18632,18634,18636,18638,18641,18643,18645,18647],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18607,13937],{"class":77},[71,18609,82],{"class":81},[71,18611,86],{"class":85},[71,18613,60],{"class":89},[71,18615,17397],{"class":133},[71,18617,3317],{"class":89},[71,18619,3184],{"class":99},[71,18621,18622],{"class":103},"sound",[71,18624,3184],{"class":99},[71,18626,109],{"class":89},[71,18628,3683],{"class":99},[71,18630,18631],{"class":103},"music",[71,18633,3184],{"class":99},[71,18635,109],{"class":89},[71,18637,3683],{"class":99},[71,18639,18640],{"class":103},"notifications",[71,18642,3184],{"class":99},[71,18644,18177],{"class":89},[71,18646,4250],{"class":4184},[71,18648,121],{"class":89},[71,18650,18651,18653,18655,18657],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18652,128],{"class":127},[71,18654,90],{"class":89},[71,18656,13996],{"class":133},[71,18658,121],{"class":89},[350,18660,18662],{"id":18661},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[62,18664,18666],{"className":64,"code":18665,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18667,18668,18676,18690,18704,18716,18720],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18669,18670,18672,18674],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18671,13937],{"class":77},[71,18673,82],{"class":81},[71,18675,11600],{"class":89},[71,18677,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18679,11605],{"class":99},[71,18681,18622],{"class":103},[71,18683,3184],{"class":99},[71,18685,228],{"class":89},[71,18687,4250],{"class":4184},[71,18689,11621],{"class":89},[71,18691,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,18693,11605],{"class":99},[71,18695,18631],{"class":103},[71,18697,3184],{"class":99},[71,18699,228],{"class":89},[71,18701,4241],{"class":4184},[71,18703,11621],{"class":89},[71,18705,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,18707,11605],{"class":99},[71,18709,18640],{"class":103},[71,18711,3184],{"class":99},[71,18713,228],{"class":89},[71,18715,6761],{"class":4184},[71,18717,18718],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,18719,252],{"class":89},[71,18721,18722,18724,18726,18728],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,18723,128],{"class":127},[71,18725,90],{"class":89},[71,18727,13996],{"class":133},[71,18729,121],{"class":89},[20,18731,18732],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[350,18734,18736],{"id":18735},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[62,18738,18740],{"className":64,"code":18739,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18741,18742,18774,18798],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18743,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18745,17356],{"class":77},[71,18747,82],{"class":81},[71,18749,1740],{"class":89},[71,18751,3184],{"class":99},[71,18753,56],{"class":103},[71,18755,3184],{"class":99},[71,18757,109],{"class":89},[71,18759,3683],{"class":99},[71,18761,176],{"class":103},[71,18763,3184],{"class":99},[71,18765,109],{"class":89},[71,18767,3683],{"class":99},[71,18769,694],{"class":103},[71,18771,3184],{"class":99},[71,18773,1757],{"class":89},[71,18775,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18777,78],{"class":77},[71,18779,82],{"class":81},[71,18781,1456],{"class":89},[71,18783,14953],{"class":77},[71,18785,228],{"class":89},[71,18787,18319],{"class":89},[71,18789,4210],{"class":4209},[71,18791,18324],{"class":77},[71,18793,4216],{"class":4209},[71,18795,18329],{"class":77},[71,18797,252],{"class":89},[71,18799,18800,18802,18804,18806],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,18801,128],{"class":127},[71,18803,90],{"class":89},[71,18805,134],{"class":133},[71,18807,121],{"class":89},[20,18809,18810],{},"Use:",[40,18812,18813,18818,18821],{},[43,18814,18815,18817],{},[15,18816,17332],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[43,18819,18820],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[43,18822,18823],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18825,18826,18827,60],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[56,18828,1705,18829,1709],{"href":14144},[15,18830,15066],{},[288,18832,2054],{"id":2053},[20,18834,14845,18835,60],{},[15,18836,17337],{},[350,18838,18840],{"id":18839},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[62,18842,18844],{"className":64,"code":18843,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18845,18846,18879,18902],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18847,18848,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18849,18850],{"class":77},"d ",[71,18852,82],{"class":81},[71,18854,86],{"class":85},[71,18856,60],{"class":89},[71,18858,17397],{"class":133},[71,18860,3317],{"class":89},[71,18862,3184],{"class":99},[71,18864,56],{"class":103},[71,18866,3184],{"class":99},[71,18868,109],{"class":89},[71,18870,3683],{"class":99},[71,18872,176],{"class":103},[71,18874,3184],{"class":99},[71,18876,18177],{"class":89},[71,18878,18111],{"class":89},[71,18880,18881,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18882,18883],{"class":77},"d",[71,18885,4234],{"class":89},[71,18887,3184],{"class":99},[71,18889,56],{"class":103},[71,18891,3184],{"class":99},[71,18893,13661],{"class":89},[71,18895,13664],{"class":133},[71,18897,90],{"class":89},[71,18899,3320],{"class":117},[71,18901,121],{"class":89},[71,18903,18904,18906,18908,18910],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,18905,128],{"class":127},[71,18907,90],{"class":89},[71,18909,18883],{"class":133},[71,18911,121],{"class":89},[20,18913,209],{},[62,18915,18917],{"className":64,"code":18916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18918,18919],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18920,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18922,219],{"class":89},[71,18924,100],{"class":99},[71,18926,56],{"class":103},[71,18928,100],{"class":99},[71,18930,228],{"class":89},[71,18932,1740],{"class":89},[71,18934,3320],{"class":117},[71,18936,18177],{"class":89},[71,18938,231],{"class":99},[71,18940,176],{"class":103},[71,18942,100],{"class":99},[71,18944,228],{"class":89},[71,18946,1740],{"class":89},[71,18948,3320],{"class":117},[71,18950,13817],{"class":89},[20,18952,18953],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18955,18956],{},"Use this instead:",[62,18958,18960],{"className":64,"code":18959,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18961,18962,18986,19010],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,18963,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,18965,17356],{"class":77},[71,18967,82],{"class":81},[71,18969,1740],{"class":89},[71,18971,3184],{"class":99},[71,18973,56],{"class":103},[71,18975,3184],{"class":99},[71,18977,109],{"class":89},[71,18979,3683],{"class":99},[71,18981,176],{"class":103},[71,18983,3184],{"class":99},[71,18985,1757],{"class":89},[71,18987,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,18989,18850],{"class":77},[71,18991,82],{"class":81},[71,18993,1456],{"class":89},[71,18995,14953],{"class":77},[71,18997,228],{"class":89},[71,18999,18319],{"class":89},[71,19001,4210],{"class":4209},[71,19003,18324],{"class":77},[71,19005,4216],{"class":4209},[71,19007,18329],{"class":77},[71,19009,252],{"class":89},[71,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,19013,128],{"class":127},[71,19015,90],{"class":89},[71,19017,18883],{"class":133},[71,19019,121],{"class":89},[350,19021,19023,19024,19026],{"id":19022},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19025,17332],{}," on a list",[20,19028,19029],{},"Wrong idea:",[62,19031,19033],{"className":64,"code":19032,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19034,19035,19067],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19036,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19038,17356],{"class":77},[71,19040,82],{"class":81},[71,19042,1740],{"class":89},[71,19044,3184],{"class":99},[71,19046,56],{"class":103},[71,19048,3184],{"class":99},[71,19050,109],{"class":89},[71,19052,3683],{"class":99},[71,19054,176],{"class":103},[71,19056,3184],{"class":99},[71,19058,109],{"class":89},[71,19060,3683],{"class":99},[71,19062,694],{"class":103},[71,19064,3184],{"class":99},[71,19066,1757],{"class":89},[71,19068,19069],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19070,19071],{"class":1439},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19073,19074,19076,19077,19079,19080,60],{},[15,19075,17332],{}," belongs to ",[15,19078,196],{},", not ",[15,19081,8433],{},[20,19083,19084],{},"Correct usage:",[62,19086,19088],{"className":64,"code":19087,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19089,19090,19122,19144],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19091,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19093,17356],{"class":77},[71,19095,82],{"class":81},[71,19097,1740],{"class":89},[71,19099,3184],{"class":99},[71,19101,56],{"class":103},[71,19103,3184],{"class":99},[71,19105,109],{"class":89},[71,19107,3683],{"class":99},[71,19109,176],{"class":103},[71,19111,3184],{"class":99},[71,19113,109],{"class":89},[71,19115,3683],{"class":99},[71,19117,694],{"class":103},[71,19119,3184],{"class":99},[71,19121,1757],{"class":89},[71,19123,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19125,18850],{"class":77},[71,19127,82],{"class":81},[71,19129,86],{"class":85},[71,19131,60],{"class":89},[71,19133,17397],{"class":133},[71,19135,90],{"class":89},[71,19137,17037],{"class":133},[71,19139,109],{"class":89},[71,19141,4165],{"class":117},[71,19143,121],{"class":89},[71,19145,19146,19148,19150,19152],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,19147,128],{"class":127},[71,19149,90],{"class":89},[71,19151,18883],{"class":133},[71,19153,121],{"class":89},[350,19155,8794,19157,19159],{"id":19156},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19158,17332],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19161,19162,19164],{},[15,19163,17337],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[62,19166,19168],{"className":64,"code":19167,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19169,19170,19190,19224,19228,19238],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19171,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19173,12194],{"class":77},[71,19175,82],{"class":81},[71,19177,1456],{"class":89},[71,19179,3184],{"class":99},[71,19181,1986],{"class":103},[71,19183,3184],{"class":99},[71,19185,228],{"class":89},[71,19187,165],{"class":117},[71,19189,252],{"class":89},[71,19191,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19193,13148],{"class":77},[71,19195,82],{"class":81},[71,19197,86],{"class":85},[71,19199,60],{"class":89},[71,19201,17397],{"class":133},[71,19203,3317],{"class":89},[71,19205,3184],{"class":99},[71,19207,56],{"class":103},[71,19209,3184],{"class":99},[71,19211,109],{"class":89},[71,19213,3683],{"class":99},[71,19215,176],{"class":103},[71,19217,3184],{"class":99},[71,19219,18177],{"class":89},[71,19221,4165],{"class":117},[71,19223,121],{"class":89},[71,19225,19226],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,19227,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,19229,19230,19232,19234,19236],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,19231,128],{"class":127},[71,19233,90],{"class":89},[71,19235,12241],{"class":133},[71,19237,121],{"class":89},[71,19239,19240,19242,19244,19247],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,19241,128],{"class":127},[71,19243,90],{"class":89},[71,19245,19246],{"class":133},"new_dict",[71,19248,121],{"class":89},[20,19250,209],{},[62,19252,19254],{"className":64,"code":19253,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19255,19256,19272],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19257,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19259,219],{"class":89},[71,19261,100],{"class":99},[71,19263,1986],{"class":103},[71,19265,100],{"class":99},[71,19267,228],{"class":89},[71,19269,165],{"class":117},[71,19271,252],{"class":89},[71,19273,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19275,219],{"class":89},[71,19277,100],{"class":99},[71,19279,56],{"class":103},[71,19281,100],{"class":99},[71,19283,228],{"class":89},[71,19285,4165],{"class":117},[71,19287,109],{"class":89},[71,19289,231],{"class":99},[71,19291,176],{"class":103},[71,19293,100],{"class":99},[71,19295,228],{"class":89},[71,19297,4165],{"class":117},[71,19299,252],{"class":89},[20,19301,19302,19303,60],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[56,19304,1705,19305,1709],{"href":14144},[15,19306,15066],{},[350,19308,19310,19311],{"id":19309},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19312,4110],{},[62,19314,19316],{"className":64,"code":19315,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19317,19318,19348],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19319,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19321,18850],{"class":77},[71,19323,82],{"class":81},[71,19325,86],{"class":85},[71,19327,60],{"class":89},[71,19329,17397],{"class":133},[71,19331,3317],{"class":89},[71,19333,3184],{"class":99},[71,19335,1986],{"class":103},[71,19337,3184],{"class":99},[71,19339,109],{"class":89},[71,19341,3683],{"class":99},[71,19343,11853],{"class":103},[71,19345,3184],{"class":99},[71,19347,4222],{"class":89},[71,19349,19350,19352,19354,19356],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19351,128],{"class":127},[71,19353,90],{"class":89},[71,19355,18883],{"class":133},[71,19357,121],{"class":89},[20,19359,209],{},[62,19361,19363],{"className":64,"code":19362,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19364,19365],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19366,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19368,219],{"class":89},[71,19370,100],{"class":99},[71,19372,1986],{"class":103},[71,19374,100],{"class":99},[71,19376,228],{"class":89},[71,19378,4185],{"class":4184},[71,19380,109],{"class":89},[71,19382,231],{"class":99},[71,19384,11853],{"class":103},[71,19386,100],{"class":99},[71,19388,228],{"class":89},[71,19390,4185],{"class":4184},[71,19392,252],{"class":89},[20,19394,19395,19396,60],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19397,4110],{},[288,19399,19401],{"id":19400},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19403,19404,19405,19407],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19406,17332],{}," works.",[62,19409,19411],{"className":64,"code":19410,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19412,19413],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19414,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19416,128],{"class":127},[71,19418,90],{"class":89},[71,19420,196],{"class":85},[71,19422,60],{"class":89},[71,19424,17397],{"class":133},[71,19426,3317],{"class":89},[71,19428,3184],{"class":99},[71,19430,56],{"class":103},[71,19432,3184],{"class":99},[71,19434,109],{"class":89},[71,19436,3683],{"class":99},[71,19438,176],{"class":103},[71,19440,3184],{"class":99},[71,19442,18177],{"class":89},[71,19444,4165],{"class":117},[71,19446,204],{"class":89},[62,19448,19449],{"className":64,"code":19315,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,19450,19451,19481],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19452,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19454,18850],{"class":77},[71,19456,82],{"class":81},[71,19458,86],{"class":85},[71,19460,60],{"class":89},[71,19462,17397],{"class":133},[71,19464,3317],{"class":89},[71,19466,3184],{"class":99},[71,19468,1986],{"class":103},[71,19470,3184],{"class":99},[71,19472,109],{"class":89},[71,19474,3683],{"class":99},[71,19476,11853],{"class":103},[71,19478,3184],{"class":99},[71,19480,4222],{"class":89},[71,19482,19483,19485,19487,19489],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19484,128],{"class":127},[71,19486,90],{"class":89},[71,19488,18883],{"class":133},[71,19490,121],{"class":89},[62,19492,19493],{"className":64,"code":18843,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,19494,19495,19527,19549],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19496,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19498,18850],{"class":77},[71,19500,82],{"class":81},[71,19502,86],{"class":85},[71,19504,60],{"class":89},[71,19506,17397],{"class":133},[71,19508,3317],{"class":89},[71,19510,3184],{"class":99},[71,19512,56],{"class":103},[71,19514,3184],{"class":99},[71,19516,109],{"class":89},[71,19518,3683],{"class":99},[71,19520,176],{"class":103},[71,19522,3184],{"class":99},[71,19524,18177],{"class":89},[71,19526,18111],{"class":89},[71,19528,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19530,18883],{"class":77},[71,19532,4234],{"class":89},[71,19534,3184],{"class":99},[71,19536,56],{"class":103},[71,19538,3184],{"class":99},[71,19540,13661],{"class":89},[71,19542,13664],{"class":133},[71,19544,90],{"class":89},[71,19546,3320],{"class":117},[71,19548,121],{"class":89},[71,19550,19551,19553,19555,19557],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,19552,128],{"class":127},[71,19554,90],{"class":89},[71,19556,18883],{"class":133},[71,19558,121],{"class":89},[62,19560,19562],{"className":64,"code":19561,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19563,19564],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19565,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19567,128],{"class":127},[71,19569,90],{"class":89},[71,19571,735],{"class":85},[71,19573,90],{"class":89},[71,19575,196],{"class":85},[71,19577,60],{"class":89},[71,19579,17397],{"class":133},[71,19581,3317],{"class":89},[71,19583,3320],{"class":117},[71,19585,109],{"class":89},[71,19587,183],{"class":117},[71,19589,109],{"class":89},[71,19591,701],{"class":117},[71,19593,18177],{"class":89},[71,19595,3683],{"class":99},[71,19597,2804],{"class":103},[71,19599,3184],{"class":99},[71,19601,3243],{"class":89},[288,19603,2163],{"id":2162},[350,19605,12813,19607,19609],{"id":19606},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19608,17332],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19611,19612],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[350,19614,19616],{"id":19615},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19618,19619,19620,60],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19621,4110],{},[350,19623,19625],{"id":19624},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19627,19628],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[350,19630,19632],{"id":19631},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19634,18267],{},[62,19636,19638],{"className":64,"code":19637,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19639,19640,19672],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19641,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19643,17356],{"class":77},[71,19645,82],{"class":81},[71,19647,1740],{"class":89},[71,19649,3184],{"class":99},[71,19651,56],{"class":103},[71,19653,3184],{"class":99},[71,19655,109],{"class":89},[71,19657,3683],{"class":99},[71,19659,176],{"class":103},[71,19661,3184],{"class":99},[71,19663,109],{"class":89},[71,19665,3683],{"class":99},[71,19667,694],{"class":103},[71,19669,3184],{"class":99},[71,19671,1757],{"class":89},[71,19673,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19675,78],{"class":77},[71,19677,82],{"class":81},[71,19679,1456],{"class":89},[71,19681,14953],{"class":77},[71,19683,228],{"class":89},[71,19685,18319],{"class":89},[71,19687,4210],{"class":4209},[71,19689,18324],{"class":77},[71,19691,4216],{"class":4209},[71,19693,18329],{"class":77},[71,19695,252],{"class":89},[288,19697,2221],{"id":2220},[40,19699,19700,19704,19708,19712,19718],{},[43,19701,19702],{},[56,19703,2228],{"href":13136},[43,19705,19706],{},[56,19707,59],{"href":13133},[43,19709,19710],{},[56,19711,2237],{"href":18018},[43,19713,19714],{},[56,19715,1705,19716,1709],{"href":14144},[15,19717,15066],{},[43,19719,19720],{},[56,19721,1705,19722,1709],{"href":15111},[15,19723,12886],{},[20,19725,283,19726,19728],{},[15,19727,17337],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2250,19730,19731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":19733},[19734,19735,19737,19741,19742,19744,19749,19751,19758,19767,19768,19775],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":17437,"depth":124,"text":19736},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17481,"depth":124,"text":17482,"children":19738},[19739,19740],{"id":17508,"depth":139,"text":17509},{"id":17532,"depth":139,"text":17533},{"id":6122,"depth":124,"text":6123},{"id":17693,"depth":124,"text":19743},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18022,"depth":124,"text":18023,"children":19745},[19746,19747,19748],{"id":18052,"depth":139,"text":18053},{"id":18215,"depth":139,"text":18216},{"id":18263,"depth":139,"text":18264},{"id":18427,"depth":124,"text":19750},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18585,"depth":124,"text":19752,"children":19753},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19754,19756,19757],{"id":18596,"depth":139,"text":19755},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18661,"depth":139,"text":18662},{"id":18735,"depth":139,"text":18736},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":19759},[19760,19761,19763,19765],{"id":18839,"depth":139,"text":18840},{"id":19022,"depth":139,"text":19762},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19156,"depth":139,"text":19764},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19309,"depth":139,"text":19766},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19400,"depth":124,"text":19401},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":19769},[19770,19772,19773,19774],{"id":19606,"depth":139,"text":19771},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19615,"depth":139,"text":19616},{"id":19624,"depth":139,"text":19625},{"id":19631,"depth":139,"text":19632},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17324,"description":19776},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19783,"title":19784,"body":19785,"description":21615,"extension":2292,"meta":21616,"navigation":142,"path":21617,"seo":21618,"stem":21619,"__hash__":21620},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19786,"toc":21582},[19787,19792,19798,19809,19939,19946,19951,19955,19971,19973,20071,20074,20091,20095,20097,20102,20140,20143,20161,20163,20281,20286,20290,20306,20309,20445,20448,20453,20459,20462,20499,20502,20506,20511,20587,20591,20596,20678,20680,20696,20701,20705,20711,20780,20783,20800,20803,20885,20891,20894,20914,20918,20923,20929,20935,21006,21009,21015,21018,21092,21099,21105,21113,21123,21125,21220,21226,21231,21318,21324,21326,21331,21353,21356,21451,21454,21485,21498,21500,21508,21514,21520,21523,21529,21534,21541,21546,21548,21579],[10,19788,11424,19790,11428],{"id":19789},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19791,1708],{},[20,19793,19794,19795,19797],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19796,1708],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19799,19800,19801,2518,19804,2728,19806,19808],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19802,19803],{},"KeyError",[15,19805,1708],{},[15,19807,4110],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[62,19810,19812],{"className":64,"code":19811,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19813,19814,19850,19854,19880,19905],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19815,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19817,13315],{"class":77},[71,19819,82],{"class":81},[71,19821,1456],{"class":89},[71,19823,3184],{"class":99},[71,19825,94],{"class":103},[71,19827,3184],{"class":99},[71,19829,228],{"class":89},[71,19831,3683],{"class":99},[71,19833,12990],{"class":103},[71,19835,3184],{"class":99},[71,19837,109],{"class":89},[71,19839,3683],{"class":99},[71,19841,242],{"class":103},[71,19843,3184],{"class":99},[71,19845,228],{"class":89},[71,19847,249],{"class":117},[71,19849,252],{"class":89},[71,19851,19852],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,19853,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,19855,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,19857,128],{"class":127},[71,19859,90],{"class":89},[71,19861,17421],{"class":133},[71,19863,60],{"class":89},[71,19865,19866],{"class":133},"get",[71,19868,90],{"class":89},[71,19870,3184],{"class":99},[71,19872,94],{"class":103},[71,19874,3184],{"class":99},[71,19876,5697],{"class":89},[71,19878,19879],{"class":1439},"           # Ana\n",[71,19881,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,19883,128],{"class":127},[71,19885,90],{"class":89},[71,19887,17421],{"class":133},[71,19889,60],{"class":89},[71,19891,19866],{"class":133},[71,19893,90],{"class":89},[71,19895,3184],{"class":99},[71,19897,1373],{"class":103},[71,19899,3184],{"class":99},[71,19901,5697],{"class":89},[71,19903,19904],{"class":1439},"           # None\n",[71,19906,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19932,19934,19936],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,19908,128],{"class":127},[71,19910,90],{"class":89},[71,19912,17421],{"class":133},[71,19914,60],{"class":89},[71,19916,19866],{"class":133},[71,19918,90],{"class":89},[71,19920,3184],{"class":99},[71,19922,1373],{"class":103},[71,19924,3184],{"class":99},[71,19926,109],{"class":89},[71,19928,3683],{"class":99},[71,19930,19931],{"class":103},"N\u002FA",[71,19933,3184],{"class":99},[71,19935,5697],{"class":89},[71,19937,19938],{"class":1439},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19940,283,19941,19943,19944,60],{},[15,19942,1708],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19945,19803],{},[288,19947,291,19949,294],{"id":19948},"what-get-does",[15,19950,1708],{},[20,19952,2309,19953,11519],{},[15,19954,1708],{},[40,19956,19957,19960,19965,19968],{},[43,19958,19959],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[43,19961,11530,19962,19964],{},[15,19963,4110],{}," if the key does not exist",[43,19966,19967],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[43,19969,19970],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19972,2537],{},[62,19974,19976],{"className":64,"code":19975,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19977,19978,20017,20021,20046],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,19979,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19999,20001,20003,20005,20008,20010,20012,20015],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,19981,12973],{"class":77},[71,19983,82],{"class":81},[71,19985,1456],{"class":89},[71,19987,3184],{"class":99},[71,19989,94],{"class":103},[71,19991,3184],{"class":99},[71,19993,228],{"class":89},[71,19995,3683],{"class":99},[71,19997,19998],{"class":103},"Lina",[71,20000,3184],{"class":99},[71,20002,109],{"class":89},[71,20004,3683],{"class":99},[71,20006,20007],{"class":103},"grade",[71,20009,3184],{"class":99},[71,20011,228],{"class":89},[71,20013,20014],{"class":117}," 90",[71,20016,252],{"class":89},[71,20018,20019],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20020,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,20022,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,20024,128],{"class":127},[71,20026,90],{"class":89},[71,20028,13737],{"class":133},[71,20030,60],{"class":89},[71,20032,19866],{"class":133},[71,20034,90],{"class":89},[71,20036,3184],{"class":99},[71,20038,94],{"class":103},[71,20040,3184],{"class":99},[71,20042,5697],{"class":89},[71,20044,20045],{"class":1439},"     # Lina\n",[71,20047,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,20049,128],{"class":127},[71,20051,90],{"class":89},[71,20053,13737],{"class":133},[71,20055,60],{"class":89},[71,20057,19866],{"class":133},[71,20059,90],{"class":89},[71,20061,3184],{"class":99},[71,20063,15371],{"class":103},[71,20065,3184],{"class":99},[71,20067,5697],{"class":89},[71,20069,20070],{"class":1439},"    # None\n",[20,20072,20073],{},"In this example:",[40,20075,20076,20081],{},[43,20077,20078,20080],{},[15,20079,15352],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[43,20082,20083,20086,20087,2728,20089],{},[15,20084,20085],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20088,1708],{},[15,20090,4110],{},[20,20092,13130,20093,60],{},[56,20094,59],{"href":58},[288,20096,343],{"id":342},[20,20098,20099,20100,228],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20101,1708],{},[62,20103,20105],{"className":64,"code":20104,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20106,20107,20121],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20108,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20110,15717],{"class":77},[71,20112,60],{"class":89},[71,20114,19866],{"class":133},[71,20116,90],{"class":89},[71,20118,14953],{"class":133},[71,20120,121],{"class":89},[71,20122,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20138],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20124,15717],{"class":77},[71,20126,60],{"class":89},[71,20128,19866],{"class":133},[71,20130,90],{"class":89},[71,20132,14953],{"class":133},[71,20134,109],{"class":89},[71,20136,20137],{"class":133}," default_value",[71,20139,121],{"class":89},[20,20141,20142],{},"What each part means:",[40,20144,20145,20150,20156],{},[43,20146,20147,20149],{},[15,20148,14953],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[43,20151,20152,20155],{},[15,20153,20154],{},"default_value"," is optional",[43,20157,20158,20159],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20160,4110],{},[20,20162,2537],{},[62,20164,20166],{"className":64,"code":20165,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20167,20168,20192,20196,20221,20247],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20169,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20171,13937],{"class":77},[71,20173,82],{"class":81},[71,20175,1456],{"class":89},[71,20177,3184],{"class":99},[71,20179,12603],{"class":103},[71,20181,3184],{"class":99},[71,20183,228],{"class":89},[71,20185,3683],{"class":99},[71,20187,12612],{"class":103},[71,20189,3184],{"class":99},[71,20191,252],{"class":89},[71,20193,20194],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20195,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,20197,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,20199,128],{"class":127},[71,20201,90],{"class":89},[71,20203,13996],{"class":133},[71,20205,60],{"class":89},[71,20207,19866],{"class":133},[71,20209,90],{"class":89},[71,20211,3184],{"class":99},[71,20213,12603],{"class":103},[71,20215,3184],{"class":99},[71,20217,5697],{"class":89},[71,20219,20220],{"class":1439},"            # dark\n",[71,20222,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20240,20242,20244],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,20224,128],{"class":127},[71,20226,90],{"class":89},[71,20228,13996],{"class":133},[71,20230,60],{"class":89},[71,20232,19866],{"class":133},[71,20234,90],{"class":89},[71,20236,3184],{"class":99},[71,20238,20239],{"class":103},"language",[71,20241,3184],{"class":99},[71,20243,5697],{"class":89},[71,20245,20246],{"class":1439},"         # None\n",[71,20248,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20274,20276,20278],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,20250,128],{"class":127},[71,20252,90],{"class":89},[71,20254,13996],{"class":133},[71,20256,60],{"class":89},[71,20258,19866],{"class":133},[71,20260,90],{"class":89},[71,20262,3184],{"class":99},[71,20264,20239],{"class":103},[71,20266,3184],{"class":99},[71,20268,109],{"class":89},[71,20270,3683],{"class":99},[71,20272,20273],{"class":103},"en",[71,20275,3184],{"class":99},[71,20277,5697],{"class":89},[71,20279,20280],{"class":1439},"   # en\n",[288,20282,5298,20284],{"id":20283},"when-to-use-get",[15,20285,1708],{},[20,20287,283,20288,1569],{},[15,20289,1708],{},[40,20291,20292,20295,20300,20303],{},[43,20293,20294],{},"A key might not exist",[43,20296,20297,20298],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20299,19803],{},[43,20301,20302],{},"You are reading optional data",[43,20304,20305],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20307,20308],{},"Example with optional user data:",[62,20310,20312],{"className":64,"code":20311,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20313,20314,20356,20360,20385,20411],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20315,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20352,20354],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20317,11595],{"class":77},[71,20319,82],{"class":81},[71,20321,1456],{"class":89},[71,20323,3184],{"class":99},[71,20325,8324],{"class":103},[71,20327,3184],{"class":99},[71,20329,228],{"class":89},[71,20331,3683],{"class":99},[71,20333,20334],{"class":103},"sam",[71,20336,3184],{"class":99},[71,20338,109],{"class":89},[71,20340,3683],{"class":99},[71,20342,15371],{"class":103},[71,20344,3184],{"class":99},[71,20346,228],{"class":89},[71,20348,3683],{"class":99},[71,20350,20351],{"class":103},"sam@example.com",[71,20353,3184],{"class":99},[71,20355,252],{"class":89},[71,20357,20358],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20359,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,20361,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,20363,128],{"class":127},[71,20365,90],{"class":89},[71,20367,11689],{"class":133},[71,20369,60],{"class":89},[71,20371,19866],{"class":133},[71,20373,90],{"class":89},[71,20375,3184],{"class":99},[71,20377,8324],{"class":103},[71,20379,3184],{"class":99},[71,20381,5697],{"class":89},[71,20383,20384],{"class":1439},"              # sam\n",[71,20386,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20404,20406,20408],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,20388,128],{"class":127},[71,20390,90],{"class":89},[71,20392,11689],{"class":133},[71,20394,60],{"class":89},[71,20396,19866],{"class":133},[71,20398,90],{"class":89},[71,20400,3184],{"class":99},[71,20402,20403],{"class":103},"phone",[71,20405,3184],{"class":99},[71,20407,5697],{"class":89},[71,20409,20410],{"class":1439},"                 # None\n",[71,20412,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20438,20440,20442],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,20414,128],{"class":127},[71,20416,90],{"class":89},[71,20418,11689],{"class":133},[71,20420,60],{"class":89},[71,20422,19866],{"class":133},[71,20424,90],{"class":89},[71,20426,3184],{"class":99},[71,20428,20403],{"class":103},[71,20430,3184],{"class":99},[71,20432,109],{"class":89},[71,20434,3683],{"class":99},[71,20436,20437],{"class":103},"Not provided",[71,20439,3184],{"class":99},[71,20441,5697],{"class":89},[71,20443,20444],{"class":1439}," # Not provided\n",[20,20446,20447],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20449,20450,20451,60],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[56,20452,16711],{"href":16710},[288,20454,20456,20458],{"id":20455},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20457,1708],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20460,20461],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[62,20463,20465],{"className":64,"code":20464,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20466,20467,20481],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20468,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20470,134],{"class":77},[71,20472,4234],{"class":89},[71,20474,3184],{"class":99},[71,20476,14953],{"class":103},[71,20478,3184],{"class":99},[71,20480,1757],{"class":89},[71,20482,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20484,134],{"class":77},[71,20486,60],{"class":89},[71,20488,19866],{"class":133},[71,20490,90],{"class":89},[71,20492,3184],{"class":99},[71,20494,14953],{"class":103},[71,20496,3184],{"class":99},[71,20498,121],{"class":89},[20,20500,20501],{},"The difference is important.",[350,20503,20505],{"id":20504},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20507,20508,20509,60],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20510,19803],{},[62,20512,20514],{"className":64,"code":20513,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20515,20516,20540,20544,20566],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20517,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20519,78],{"class":77},[71,20521,82],{"class":81},[71,20523,1456],{"class":89},[71,20525,3184],{"class":99},[71,20527,94],{"class":103},[71,20529,3184],{"class":99},[71,20531,228],{"class":89},[71,20533,3683],{"class":99},[71,20535,12990],{"class":103},[71,20537,3184],{"class":99},[71,20539,252],{"class":89},[71,20541,20542],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20543,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,20545,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20563],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,20547,128],{"class":127},[71,20549,90],{"class":89},[71,20551,134],{"class":133},[71,20553,4234],{"class":89},[71,20555,3184],{"class":99},[71,20557,94],{"class":103},[71,20559,3184],{"class":99},[71,20561,20562],{"class":89},"])",[71,20564,20565],{"class":1439},"   # Ana\n",[71,20567,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,20569,128],{"class":127},[71,20571,90],{"class":89},[71,20573,134],{"class":133},[71,20575,4234],{"class":89},[71,20577,3184],{"class":99},[71,20579,1373],{"class":103},[71,20581,3184],{"class":99},[71,20583,20562],{"class":89},[71,20585,20586],{"class":1439},"   # KeyError\n",[350,20588,20589],{"id":19866},[15,20590,1708],{},[20,20592,20593,20595],{},[15,20594,1708],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[62,20597,20599],{"className":64,"code":20598,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20600,20601,20625,20629,20653],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20602,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20604,78],{"class":77},[71,20606,82],{"class":81},[71,20608,1456],{"class":89},[71,20610,3184],{"class":99},[71,20612,94],{"class":103},[71,20614,3184],{"class":99},[71,20616,228],{"class":89},[71,20618,3683],{"class":99},[71,20620,12990],{"class":103},[71,20622,3184],{"class":99},[71,20624,252],{"class":89},[71,20626,20627],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20628,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,20630,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,20632,128],{"class":127},[71,20634,90],{"class":89},[71,20636,134],{"class":133},[71,20638,60],{"class":89},[71,20640,19866],{"class":133},[71,20642,90],{"class":89},[71,20644,3184],{"class":99},[71,20646,94],{"class":103},[71,20648,3184],{"class":99},[71,20650,5697],{"class":89},[71,20652,20565],{"class":1439},[71,20654,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,20656,128],{"class":127},[71,20658,90],{"class":89},[71,20660,134],{"class":133},[71,20662,60],{"class":89},[71,20664,19866],{"class":133},[71,20666,90],{"class":89},[71,20668,3184],{"class":99},[71,20670,1373],{"class":103},[71,20672,3184],{"class":99},[71,20674,5697],{"class":89},[71,20676,20677],{"class":1439},"   # None\n",[20,20679,18810],{},[40,20681,20682,20688],{},[43,20683,20684,20685],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[30,20686,20687],{},"must exist",[43,20689,20690,20692,20693],{},[15,20691,1708],{}," when the key is ",[30,20694,20695],{},"optional",[20,20697,20698,20699,60],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[56,20700,2248],{"href":2049},[288,20702,20704],{"id":20703},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20706,20707,20708,20710],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20709,1708],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[62,20712,20714],{"className":64,"code":20713,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20715,20716,20741,20745],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20717,20718,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20719,20720],{"class":77},"profile ",[71,20722,82],{"class":81},[71,20724,1456],{"class":89},[71,20726,3184],{"class":99},[71,20728,94],{"class":103},[71,20730,3184],{"class":99},[71,20732,228],{"class":89},[71,20734,3683],{"class":99},[71,20736,8260],{"class":103},[71,20738,3184],{"class":99},[71,20740,252],{"class":89},[71,20742,20743],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20744,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,20746,20747,20749,20751,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20773,20775,20777],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,20748,128],{"class":127},[71,20750,90],{"class":89},[71,20752,20753],{"class":133},"profile",[71,20755,60],{"class":89},[71,20757,19866],{"class":133},[71,20759,90],{"class":89},[71,20761,3184],{"class":99},[71,20763,15374],{"class":103},[71,20765,3184],{"class":99},[71,20767,109],{"class":89},[71,20769,3683],{"class":99},[71,20771,20772],{"class":103},"Unknown",[71,20774,3184],{"class":99},[71,20776,5697],{"class":89},[71,20778,20779],{"class":1439},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20781,20782],{},"This is useful for display text:",[40,20784,20785,20790,20795],{},[43,20786,20787],{},[15,20788,20789],{},"\"Unknown\"",[43,20791,20792],{},[15,20793,20794],{},"\"Not set\"",[43,20796,20797],{},[15,20798,20799],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20801,20802],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[62,20804,20806],{"className":64,"code":20805,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20807,20808,20840,20844,20871],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20809,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20811,5400],{"class":77},[71,20813,82],{"class":81},[71,20815,1456],{"class":89},[71,20817,3184],{"class":99},[71,20819,18532],{"class":103},[71,20821,3184],{"class":99},[71,20823,228],{"class":89},[71,20825,6341],{"class":117},[71,20827,109],{"class":89},[71,20829,3683],{"class":99},[71,20831,18541],{"class":103},[71,20833,3184],{"class":99},[71,20835,228],{"class":89},[71,20837,6697],{"class":117},[71,20839,252],{"class":89},[71,20841,20842],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20843,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,20845,20846,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,20847,20848],{"class":77},"total_history ",[71,20850,82],{"class":81},[71,20852,5447],{"class":77},[71,20854,60],{"class":89},[71,20856,19866],{"class":133},[71,20858,90],{"class":89},[71,20860,3184],{"class":99},[71,20862,18550],{"class":103},[71,20864,3184],{"class":99},[71,20866,109],{"class":89},[71,20868,4165],{"class":117},[71,20870,121],{"class":89},[71,20872,20873,20875,20877,20880,20882],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,20874,128],{"class":127},[71,20876,90],{"class":89},[71,20878,20879],{"class":133},"total_history",[71,20881,3993],{"class":89},[71,20883,20884],{"class":1439},"   # 0\n",[20,20886,20887,20888,20890],{},"Here, ",[15,20889,2449],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20892,20893],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[40,20895,20896,20899,20904,20909],{},[43,20897,20898],{},"Use a string for text",[43,20900,283,20901,20903],{},[15,20902,2449],{}," for numbers",[43,20905,283,20906,20908],{},[15,20907,4119],{}," for lists if needed",[43,20910,283,20911,20913],{},[15,20912,805],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[288,20915,20917],{"id":20916},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20919,20920,20921,60],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20922,1708],{},[350,20924,20926,20928],{"id":20925},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20927,1708],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20930,20931,20932,20934],{},"This code does ",[30,20933,4967],{}," create a new key:",[62,20936,20938],{"className":64,"code":20937,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20939,20940,20964,20968,20993],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,20941,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,20943,13315],{"class":77},[71,20945,82],{"class":81},[71,20947,1456],{"class":89},[71,20949,3184],{"class":99},[71,20951,94],{"class":103},[71,20953,3184],{"class":99},[71,20955,228],{"class":89},[71,20957,3683],{"class":99},[71,20959,12990],{"class":103},[71,20961,3184],{"class":99},[71,20963,252],{"class":89},[71,20965,20966],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,20967,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,20969,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988,20990],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,20971,128],{"class":127},[71,20973,90],{"class":89},[71,20975,17421],{"class":133},[71,20977,60],{"class":89},[71,20979,19866],{"class":133},[71,20981,90],{"class":89},[71,20983,3184],{"class":99},[71,20985,1373],{"class":103},[71,20987,3184],{"class":99},[71,20989,5697],{"class":89},[71,20991,20992],{"class":1439},"  # None\n",[71,20994,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,20996,128],{"class":127},[71,20998,90],{"class":89},[71,21000,17421],{"class":133},[71,21002,3993],{"class":89},[71,21004,21005],{"class":1439},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21007,21008],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[350,21010,21012,21014],{"id":21011},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21013,1708],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21016,21017],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[62,21019,21021],{"className":64,"code":21020,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21022,21023,21049,21053,21079],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21024,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21036,21038,21040,21042,21045,21047],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21026,13937],{"class":77},[71,21028,82],{"class":81},[71,21030,1456],{"class":89},[71,21032,3184],{"class":99},[71,21034,21035],{"class":103},"mode",[71,21037,3184],{"class":99},[71,21039,228],{"class":89},[71,21041,3683],{"class":99},[71,21043,21044],{"class":103},"light",[71,21046,3184],{"class":99},[71,21048,252],{"class":89},[71,21050,21051],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,21052,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,21054,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,21056,13996],{"class":77},[71,21058,60],{"class":89},[71,21060,19866],{"class":133},[71,21062,90],{"class":89},[71,21064,3184],{"class":99},[71,21066,12603],{"class":103},[71,21068,3184],{"class":99},[71,21070,109],{"class":89},[71,21072,3683],{"class":99},[71,21074,12612],{"class":103},[71,21076,3184],{"class":99},[71,21078,121],{"class":89},[71,21080,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,21082,128],{"class":127},[71,21084,90],{"class":89},[71,21086,13996],{"class":133},[71,21088,3993],{"class":89},[71,21090,21091],{"class":1439},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21093,21094,21095,21098],{},"Even though ",[15,21096,21097],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[350,21100,21102,21103],{"id":21101},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21104,4110],{},[20,21106,21107,21108,2728,21110,21112],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21109,1708],{},[15,21111,4110],{}," because:",[40,21114,21115,21118],{},[43,21116,21117],{},"The key is missing, or",[43,21119,21120,21121],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21122,4110],{},[20,21124,2537],{},[62,21126,21128],{"className":64,"code":21127,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21129,21130,21167,21171,21195],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21131,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21159,21161,21163,21165],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21133,78],{"class":77},[71,21135,82],{"class":81},[71,21137,1456],{"class":89},[71,21139,3184],{"class":99},[71,21141,94],{"class":103},[71,21143,3184],{"class":99},[71,21145,228],{"class":89},[71,21147,3683],{"class":99},[71,21149,12990],{"class":103},[71,21151,3184],{"class":99},[71,21153,109],{"class":89},[71,21155,3683],{"class":99},[71,21157,21158],{"class":103},"nickname",[71,21160,3184],{"class":99},[71,21162,228],{"class":89},[71,21164,4185],{"class":4184},[71,21166,252],{"class":89},[71,21168,21169],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,21170,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,21172,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,21174,128],{"class":127},[71,21176,90],{"class":89},[71,21178,134],{"class":133},[71,21180,60],{"class":89},[71,21182,19866],{"class":133},[71,21184,90],{"class":89},[71,21186,3184],{"class":99},[71,21188,21158],{"class":103},[71,21190,3184],{"class":99},[71,21192,5697],{"class":89},[71,21194,20992],{"class":1439},[71,21196,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,21198,128],{"class":127},[71,21200,90],{"class":89},[71,21202,134],{"class":133},[71,21204,60],{"class":89},[71,21206,19866],{"class":133},[71,21208,90],{"class":89},[71,21210,3184],{"class":99},[71,21212,1373],{"class":103},[71,21214,3184],{"class":99},[71,21216,5697],{"class":89},[71,21218,21219],{"class":1439},"      # None\n",[20,21221,21222,21223,21225],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21224,4110],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21227,21228,21229,228],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21230,4216],{},[62,21232,21234],{"className":64,"code":21233,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21235,21236,21272,21276,21297],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21237,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21239,78],{"class":77},[71,21241,82],{"class":81},[71,21243,1456],{"class":89},[71,21245,3184],{"class":99},[71,21247,94],{"class":103},[71,21249,3184],{"class":99},[71,21251,228],{"class":89},[71,21253,3683],{"class":99},[71,21255,12990],{"class":103},[71,21257,3184],{"class":99},[71,21259,109],{"class":89},[71,21261,3683],{"class":99},[71,21263,21158],{"class":103},[71,21265,3184],{"class":99},[71,21267,228],{"class":89},[71,21269,4185],{"class":4184},[71,21271,252],{"class":89},[71,21273,21274],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,21275,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,21277,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21291,21293,21295],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,21279,128],{"class":127},[71,21281,90],{"class":89},[71,21283,3184],{"class":99},[71,21285,21158],{"class":103},[71,21287,3184],{"class":99},[71,21289,21290],{"class":4209}," in",[71,21292,14678],{"class":133},[71,21294,3993],{"class":89},[71,21296,3996],{"class":1439},[71,21298,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,21300,128],{"class":127},[71,21302,90],{"class":89},[71,21304,3184],{"class":99},[71,21306,1373],{"class":103},[71,21308,3184],{"class":99},[71,21310,21290],{"class":4209},[71,21312,14678],{"class":133},[71,21314,3993],{"class":89},[71,21316,21317],{"class":1439},"      # False\n",[20,21319,21320,21321,60],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[56,21322,21323],{"href":17267},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[288,21325,2054],{"id":2053},[20,21327,21328,21329,228],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21330,1708],{},[40,21332,21333,21338,21345,21350],{},[43,21334,21335,21336],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21337,19803],{},[43,21339,5041,21340,2728,21342,21344],{},[15,21341,1708],{},[15,21343,4110],{}," if no default is provided",[43,21346,4915,21347,21349],{},[15,21348,1708],{}," creates a key automatically",[43,21351,21352],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21354,21355],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[62,21357,21359],{"className":64,"code":21358,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21360,21361,21371,21385,21403,21425],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21362,21363,21365,21367,21369],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21364,128],{"class":127},[71,21366,90],{"class":89},[71,21368,11556],{"class":133},[71,21370,121],{"class":89},[71,21372,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,21374,128],{"class":127},[71,21376,90],{"class":89},[71,21378,11556],{"class":133},[71,21380,60],{"class":89},[71,21382,17037],{"class":133},[71,21384,7534],{"class":89},[71,21386,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,21388,128],{"class":127},[71,21390,90],{"class":89},[71,21392,100],{"class":99},[71,21394,94],{"class":103},[71,21396,100],{"class":99},[71,21398,21290],{"class":4209},[71,21400,11874],{"class":133},[71,21402,121],{"class":89},[71,21404,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419,21421,21423],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,21406,128],{"class":127},[71,21408,90],{"class":89},[71,21410,11556],{"class":133},[71,21412,60],{"class":89},[71,21414,19866],{"class":133},[71,21416,90],{"class":89},[71,21418,100],{"class":99},[71,21420,94],{"class":103},[71,21422,100],{"class":99},[71,21424,204],{"class":89},[71,21426,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,21428,128],{"class":127},[71,21430,90],{"class":89},[71,21432,735],{"class":85},[71,21434,90],{"class":89},[71,21436,11556],{"class":133},[71,21438,60],{"class":89},[71,21440,19866],{"class":133},[71,21442,90],{"class":89},[71,21444,100],{"class":99},[71,21446,94],{"class":103},[71,21448,100],{"class":99},[71,21450,3243],{"class":89},[20,21452,21453],{},"What these checks tell you:",[40,21455,21456,21461,21467,21473,21479],{},[43,21457,21458,21460],{},[15,21459,12788],{}," shows the full dictionary",[43,21462,21463,21466],{},[15,21464,21465],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[43,21468,21469,21472],{},[15,21470,21471],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[43,21474,21475,21478],{},[15,21476,21477],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[43,21480,21481,21484],{},[15,21482,21483],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21486,21487,21488,1560,21493,21497],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[56,21489,21490,21491,1709],{"href":17176},"the dictionary ",[15,21492,17179],{},[56,21494,21490,21495,1709],{"href":17189},[15,21496,17192],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[288,21499,2163],{"id":2162},[350,21501,12813,21503,21505,21506,2172],{"id":21502},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21504,1708],{}," raise ",[15,21507,19803],{},[20,21509,21510,21511,21513],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21512,4110],{}," or the default value you provide.",[350,21515,12813,21517,21519],{"id":21516},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21518,1708],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21521,21522],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[350,21524,21526,21527,2172],{"id":21525},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21528,1708],{},[20,21530,21531,21533],{},[15,21532,4110],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[350,21535,21537,21538,21540],{"id":21536},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21539,1708],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21542,283,21543,21545],{},[15,21544,1708],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[288,21547,2221],{"id":2220},[40,21549,21550,21554,21560,21566,21570,21575],{},[43,21551,21552],{},[56,21553,59],{"href":58},[43,21555,21556],{},[56,21557,1705,21558,1709],{"href":17176},[15,21559,17179],{},[43,21561,21562],{},[56,21563,1705,21564,1709],{"href":17189},[15,21565,17192],{},[43,21567,21568],{},[56,21569,17268],{"href":17267},[43,21571,21572],{},[56,21573,21574],{"href":16710},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[43,21576,21577],{},[56,21578,2248],{"href":2049},[2250,21580,21581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":21583},[21584,21586,21587,21589,21594,21595,21603,21604,21614],{"id":19948,"depth":124,"text":21585},"What get() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":20283,"depth":124,"text":21588},"When to use get()",{"id":20455,"depth":124,"text":21590,"children":21591},"get() vs square brackets",[21592,21593],{"id":20504,"depth":139,"text":20505},{"id":19866,"depth":139,"text":1708},{"id":20703,"depth":124,"text":20704},{"id":20916,"depth":124,"text":20917,"children":21596},[21597,21599,21601],{"id":20925,"depth":139,"text":21598},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21011,"depth":139,"text":21600},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21101,"depth":139,"text":21602},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":21605},[21606,21608,21610,21612],{"id":21502,"depth":139,"text":21607},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21516,"depth":139,"text":21609},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21525,"depth":139,"text":21611},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21536,"depth":139,"text":21613},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19784,"description":21615},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21622,"title":21623,"body":21624,"description":24181,"extension":2292,"meta":24182,"navigation":142,"path":24183,"seo":24184,"stem":24185,"__hash__":24186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21625,"toc":24147},[21626,21631,21637,21643,21645,21727,21731,21748,21753,21758,21763,21765,21779,21781,21844,21848,21888,21896,21898,21900,21915,21918,21931,21933,22012,22016,22082,22084,22088,22096,22098,22109,22111,22221,22225,22304,22310,22316,22321,22434,22438,22470,22473,22580,22586,22593,22597,22600,22703,22707,22768,22771,22774,22785,22794,22797,22814,22816,22915,22919,22994,22997,23020,23025,23030,23047,23049,23170,23174,23208,23210,23215,23222,23232,23234,23312,23315,23386,23396,23399,23431,23434,23473,23479,23486,23489,23580,23584,23665,23671,23674,23677,23782,23785,23788,23910,23914,23917,23984,23988,24025,24031,24033,24039,24044,24050,24057,24063,24066,24105,24111,24114,24116,24144],[10,21627,11424,21629,11428],{"id":21628},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21630,17192],{},[20,21632,2309,21633,21636],{},[15,21634,21635],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21638,21639,21640,21642],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21641,17192],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[288,21644,2334],{"id":2333},[62,21646,21648],{"className":64,"code":21647,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21649,21650,21686,21690,21713],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21651,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21653,13315],{"class":77},[71,21655,82],{"class":81},[71,21657,1456],{"class":89},[71,21659,3184],{"class":99},[71,21661,94],{"class":103},[71,21663,3184],{"class":99},[71,21665,228],{"class":89},[71,21667,3683],{"class":99},[71,21669,12990],{"class":103},[71,21671,3184],{"class":99},[71,21673,109],{"class":89},[71,21675,3683],{"class":99},[71,21677,242],{"class":103},[71,21679,3184],{"class":99},[71,21681,228],{"class":89},[71,21683,249],{"class":117},[71,21685,252],{"class":89},[71,21687,21688],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,21689,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,21691,21692,21694,21697,21699,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,21693,6294],{"class":4209},[71,21695,21696],{"class":77}," key",[71,21698,109],{"class":89},[71,21700,21701],{"class":77}," value ",[71,21703,4216],{"class":4209},[71,21705,13358],{"class":77},[71,21707,60],{"class":89},[71,21709,1770],{"class":133},[71,21711,21712],{"class":89},"():\n",[71,21714,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,21716,8408],{"class":127},[71,21718,90],{"class":89},[71,21720,14953],{"class":133},[71,21722,109],{"class":89},[71,21724,8774],{"class":133},[71,21726,121],{"class":89},[20,21728,21729],{},[30,21730,209],{},[62,21732,21734],{"className":64,"code":21733,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21735,21736,21741],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21737,21738],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21739,21740],{"class":77},"name Ana\n",[71,21742,21743,21746],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,21744,21745],{"class":77},"age ",[71,21747,3040],{"class":117},[20,21749,283,21750,21752],{},[15,21751,17192],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[288,21754,291,21756,294],{"id":21755},"what-items-does",[15,21757,17192],{},[20,21759,21760,21762],{},[15,21761,17192],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21764,11565],{},[40,21766,21767,21773,21776],{},[43,21768,21769,21770],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21771,21772],{},"(key, value)",[43,21774,21775],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[43,21777,21778],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21780,2537],{},[62,21782,21784],{"className":64,"code":21783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21785,21786,21822,21826],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21787,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21789,13315],{"class":77},[71,21791,82],{"class":81},[71,21793,1456],{"class":89},[71,21795,3184],{"class":99},[71,21797,94],{"class":103},[71,21799,3184],{"class":99},[71,21801,228],{"class":89},[71,21803,3683],{"class":99},[71,21805,12990],{"class":103},[71,21807,3184],{"class":99},[71,21809,109],{"class":89},[71,21811,3683],{"class":99},[71,21813,242],{"class":103},[71,21815,3184],{"class":99},[71,21817,228],{"class":89},[71,21819,249],{"class":117},[71,21821,252],{"class":89},[71,21823,21824],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,21825,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,21827,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,21829,128],{"class":127},[71,21831,90],{"class":89},[71,21833,8433],{"class":85},[71,21835,90],{"class":89},[71,21837,17421],{"class":133},[71,21839,60],{"class":89},[71,21841,1770],{"class":133},[71,21843,6627],{"class":89},[20,21845,21846],{},[30,21847,209],{},[62,21849,21851],{"className":64,"code":21850,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21852,21853],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21854,21855,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21856,21857],{"class":89},"[(",[71,21859,100],{"class":99},[71,21861,94],{"class":103},[71,21863,100],{"class":99},[71,21865,109],{"class":89},[71,21867,231],{"class":99},[71,21869,12990],{"class":103},[71,21871,100],{"class":99},[71,21873,168],{"class":89},[71,21875,171],{"class":89},[71,21877,100],{"class":99},[71,21879,242],{"class":103},[71,21881,100],{"class":99},[71,21883,109],{"class":89},[71,21885,249],{"class":117},[71,21887,186],{"class":89},[20,21889,21890,21891,3209,21893,60],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[56,21892,59],{"href":13133},[56,21894,15137],{"href":21895},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[288,21897,343],{"id":342},[20,21899,5770],{},[62,21901,21903],{"className":64,"code":21902,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21904,21905],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21906,21907,21909,21911,21913],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21908,11556],{"class":77},[71,21910,60],{"class":89},[71,21912,1770],{"class":133},[71,21914,369],{"class":89},[20,21916,21917],{},"Things to remember:",[40,21919,21920,21925,21928],{},[43,21921,21922,21924],{},[15,21923,17192],{}," does not take any arguments",[43,21926,21927],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[43,21929,21930],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21932,2537],{},[62,21934,21936],{"className":64,"code":21935,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21937,21938,21970,21974,21988,21992,22002],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,21939,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,21941,5400],{"class":77},[71,21943,82],{"class":81},[71,21945,1456],{"class":89},[71,21947,3184],{"class":99},[71,21949,104],{"class":103},[71,21951,3184],{"class":99},[71,21953,228],{"class":89},[71,21955,20014],{"class":117},[71,21957,109],{"class":89},[71,21959,3683],{"class":99},[71,21961,5349],{"class":103},[71,21963,3184],{"class":99},[71,21965,228],{"class":89},[71,21967,13618],{"class":117},[71,21969,252],{"class":89},[71,21971,21972],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,21973,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,21975,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,21977,1102],{"class":77},[71,21979,82],{"class":81},[71,21981,5447],{"class":77},[71,21983,60],{"class":89},[71,21985,1770],{"class":133},[71,21987,369],{"class":89},[71,21989,21990],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,21991,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,21993,21994,21996,21998,22000],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,21995,128],{"class":127},[71,21997,90],{"class":89},[71,21999,2594],{"class":133},[71,22001,121],{"class":89},[71,22003,22004,22006,22008,22010],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,22005,128],{"class":127},[71,22007,90],{"class":89},[71,22009,16502],{"class":133},[71,22011,121],{"class":89},[20,22013,22014],{},[30,22015,209],{},[62,22017,22019],{"className":64,"code":22018,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22020,22021,22054],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22022,22023,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22024,22025],{"class":133},"dict_items",[71,22027,609],{"class":89},[71,22029,100],{"class":99},[71,22031,104],{"class":103},[71,22033,100],{"class":99},[71,22035,109],{"class":89},[71,22037,20014],{"class":117},[71,22039,168],{"class":89},[71,22041,171],{"class":89},[71,22043,100],{"class":99},[71,22045,5349],{"class":103},[71,22047,100],{"class":99},[71,22049,109],{"class":89},[71,22051,13618],{"class":117},[71,22053,1647],{"class":89},[71,22055,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22057,219],{"class":89},[71,22059,100],{"class":99},[71,22061,104],{"class":103},[71,22063,100],{"class":99},[71,22065,228],{"class":89},[71,22067,20014],{"class":117},[71,22069,109],{"class":89},[71,22071,231],{"class":99},[71,22073,5349],{"class":103},[71,22075,100],{"class":99},[71,22077,228],{"class":89},[71,22079,13618],{"class":117},[71,22081,252],{"class":89},[20,22083,21008],{},[288,22085,22087],{"id":22086},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22089,22090,22092,22093,22095],{},[15,22091,17192],{}," returns a ",[15,22094,22025],{}," view object.",[20,22097,2436],{},[40,22099,22100,22103,22106],{},[43,22101,22102],{},"You can loop over it",[43,22104,22105],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[43,22107,22108],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22110,2537],{},[62,22112,22114],{"className":64,"code":22113,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22115,22116,22148,22162,22166,22180,22184,22203,22207],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22117,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22119,78],{"class":77},[71,22121,82],{"class":81},[71,22123,1456],{"class":89},[71,22125,3184],{"class":99},[71,22127,1986],{"class":103},[71,22129,3184],{"class":99},[71,22131,228],{"class":89},[71,22133,165],{"class":117},[71,22135,109],{"class":89},[71,22137,3683],{"class":99},[71,22139,11853],{"class":103},[71,22141,3184],{"class":99},[71,22143,228],{"class":89},[71,22145,183],{"class":117},[71,22147,252],{"class":89},[71,22149,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22151,149],{"class":77},[71,22153,82],{"class":81},[71,22155,14678],{"class":77},[71,22157,60],{"class":89},[71,22159,1770],{"class":133},[71,22161,369],{"class":89},[71,22163,22164],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,22165,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,22167,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,22169,128],{"class":127},[71,22171,90],{"class":89},[71,22173,8433],{"class":85},[71,22175,90],{"class":89},[71,22177,201],{"class":133},[71,22179,204],{"class":89},[71,22181,22182],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,22183,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,22185,22186,22188,22190,22192,22195,22197,22199,22201],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,22187,134],{"class":77},[71,22189,4234],{"class":89},[71,22191,3184],{"class":99},[71,22193,22194],{"class":103},"z",[71,22196,3184],{"class":99},[71,22198,13384],{"class":89},[71,22200,13387],{"class":81},[71,22202,2908],{"class":117},[71,22204,22205],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,22206,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,22208,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,22210,128],{"class":127},[71,22212,90],{"class":89},[71,22214,8433],{"class":85},[71,22216,90],{"class":89},[71,22218,201],{"class":133},[71,22220,204],{"class":89},[20,22222,22223],{},[30,22224,209],{},[62,22226,22228],{"className":64,"code":22227,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22229,22230,22260],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22231,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22233,21857],{"class":89},[71,22235,100],{"class":99},[71,22237,1986],{"class":103},[71,22239,100],{"class":99},[71,22241,109],{"class":89},[71,22243,165],{"class":117},[71,22245,168],{"class":89},[71,22247,171],{"class":89},[71,22249,100],{"class":99},[71,22251,11853],{"class":103},[71,22253,100],{"class":99},[71,22255,109],{"class":89},[71,22257,183],{"class":117},[71,22259,186],{"class":89},[71,22261,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22263,21857],{"class":89},[71,22265,100],{"class":99},[71,22267,1986],{"class":103},[71,22269,100],{"class":99},[71,22271,109],{"class":89},[71,22273,165],{"class":117},[71,22275,168],{"class":89},[71,22277,171],{"class":89},[71,22279,100],{"class":99},[71,22281,11853],{"class":103},[71,22283,100],{"class":99},[71,22285,109],{"class":89},[71,22287,183],{"class":117},[71,22289,168],{"class":89},[71,22291,171],{"class":89},[71,22293,100],{"class":99},[71,22295,22194],{"class":103},[71,22297,100],{"class":99},[71,22299,109],{"class":89},[71,22301,701],{"class":117},[71,22303,186],{"class":89},[20,22305,22306,22307,22309],{},"This happens because ",[15,22308,201],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[288,22311,22313,22314],{"id":22312},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22315,17192],{},[20,22317,22318,22319,228],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22320,17192],{},[62,22322,22324],{"className":64,"code":22323,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22325,22326,22379,22383,22403],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22327,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22329,12973],{"class":77},[71,22331,82],{"class":81},[71,22333,1456],{"class":89},[71,22335,3184],{"class":99},[71,22337,94],{"class":103},[71,22339,3184],{"class":99},[71,22341,228],{"class":89},[71,22343,3683],{"class":99},[71,22345,8260],{"class":103},[71,22347,3184],{"class":99},[71,22349,109],{"class":89},[71,22351,3683],{"class":99},[71,22353,20007],{"class":103},[71,22355,3184],{"class":99},[71,22357,228],{"class":89},[71,22359,3683],{"class":99},[71,22361,22362],{"class":103},"A",[71,22364,3184],{"class":99},[71,22366,109],{"class":89},[71,22368,3683],{"class":99},[71,22370,242],{"class":103},[71,22372,3184],{"class":99},[71,22374,228],{"class":89},[71,22376,13969],{"class":117},[71,22378,252],{"class":89},[71,22380,22381],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22382,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,22384,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,22386,6294],{"class":4209},[71,22388,21696],{"class":77},[71,22390,109],{"class":89},[71,22392,21701],{"class":77},[71,22394,4216],{"class":4209},[71,22396,13016],{"class":77},[71,22398,60],{"class":89},[71,22400,1770],{"class":133},[71,22402,21712],{"class":89},[71,22404,22405,22407,22409,22412,22414,22416,22418,22421,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,22406,8408],{"class":127},[71,22408,90],{"class":89},[71,22410,22411],{"class":768},"f",[71,22413,3184],{"class":103},[71,22415,219],{"class":117},[71,22417,14953],{"class":133},[71,22419,22420],{"class":117},"}",[71,22422,22423],{"class":103},": ",[71,22425,219],{"class":117},[71,22427,2804],{"class":133},[71,22429,22420],{"class":117},[71,22431,3184],{"class":103},[71,22433,121],{"class":89},[20,22435,22436],{},[30,22437,209],{},[62,22439,22441],{"className":64,"code":22440,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22442,22443,22452,22461],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22444,22445,22447,22449],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22446,94],{"class":77},[71,22448,228],{"class":89},[71,22450,22451],{"class":77}," Mia\n",[71,22453,22454,22456,22458],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22455,20007],{"class":77},[71,22457,228],{"class":89},[71,22459,22460],{"class":77}," A\n",[71,22462,22463,22465,22467],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,22464,242],{"class":77},[71,22466,228],{"class":89},[71,22468,22469],{"class":117}," 14\n",[20,22471,22472],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[62,22474,22476],{"className":64,"code":22475,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22477,22478,22530,22534,22546],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22479,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22481,12973],{"class":77},[71,22483,82],{"class":81},[71,22485,1456],{"class":89},[71,22487,3184],{"class":99},[71,22489,94],{"class":103},[71,22491,3184],{"class":99},[71,22493,228],{"class":89},[71,22495,3683],{"class":99},[71,22497,8260],{"class":103},[71,22499,3184],{"class":99},[71,22501,109],{"class":89},[71,22503,3683],{"class":99},[71,22505,20007],{"class":103},[71,22507,3184],{"class":99},[71,22509,228],{"class":89},[71,22511,3683],{"class":99},[71,22513,22362],{"class":103},[71,22515,3184],{"class":99},[71,22517,109],{"class":89},[71,22519,3683],{"class":99},[71,22521,242],{"class":103},[71,22523,3184],{"class":99},[71,22525,228],{"class":89},[71,22527,13969],{"class":117},[71,22529,252],{"class":89},[71,22531,22532],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22533,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,22535,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,22537,6294],{"class":4209},[71,22539,18324],{"class":77},[71,22541,4216],{"class":4209},[71,22543,13016],{"class":77},[71,22545,6731],{"class":89},[71,22547,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,22549,8408],{"class":127},[71,22551,90],{"class":89},[71,22553,22411],{"class":768},[71,22555,3184],{"class":103},[71,22557,219],{"class":117},[71,22559,14953],{"class":133},[71,22561,22420],{"class":117},[71,22563,22423],{"class":103},[71,22565,219],{"class":117},[71,22567,13737],{"class":133},[71,22569,4234],{"class":89},[71,22571,14953],{"class":133},[71,22573,13384],{"class":89},[71,22575,22420],{"class":117},[71,22577,3184],{"class":103},[71,22579,121],{"class":89},[20,22581,6849,22582,22585],{},[15,22583,22584],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22587,22588,22589,60],{},"For a full guide, see ",[56,22590,22592],{"href":22591},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[288,22594,22596],{"id":22595},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22598,22599],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[62,22601,22603],{"className":64,"code":22602,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22604,22605,22664,22668,22688,22692],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22606,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22642,22644,22646,22648,22651,22653,22655,22657,22660,22662],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22608,13186],{"class":77},[71,22610,82],{"class":81},[71,22612,1456],{"class":89},[71,22614,3184],{"class":99},[71,22616,4414],{"class":103},[71,22618,3184],{"class":99},[71,22620,228],{"class":89},[71,22622,3683],{"class":99},[71,22624,13203],{"class":103},[71,22626,3184],{"class":99},[71,22628,109],{"class":89},[71,22630,3683],{"class":99},[71,22632,4423],{"class":103},[71,22634,3184],{"class":99},[71,22636,228],{"class":89},[71,22638,3683],{"class":99},[71,22640,22641],{"class":103},"yellow",[71,22643,3184],{"class":99},[71,22645,109],{"class":89},[71,22647,3683],{"class":99},[71,22649,22650],{"class":103},"grape",[71,22652,3184],{"class":99},[71,22654,228],{"class":89},[71,22656,3683],{"class":99},[71,22658,22659],{"class":103},"purple",[71,22661,3184],{"class":99},[71,22663,252],{"class":89},[71,22665,22666],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22667,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,22669,22670,22673,22675,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,22671,22672],{"class":77},"pairs_list ",[71,22674,82],{"class":81},[71,22676,22677],{"class":85}," list",[71,22679,90],{"class":89},[71,22681,17617],{"class":133},[71,22683,60],{"class":89},[71,22685,1770],{"class":133},[71,22687,7534],{"class":89},[71,22689,22690],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,22691,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,22693,22694,22696,22698,22701],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,22695,128],{"class":127},[71,22697,90],{"class":89},[71,22699,22700],{"class":133},"pairs_list",[71,22702,121],{"class":89},[20,22704,22705],{},[30,22706,209],{},[62,22708,22710],{"className":64,"code":22709,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22711,22712],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22713,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22715,21857],{"class":89},[71,22717,100],{"class":99},[71,22719,4414],{"class":103},[71,22721,100],{"class":99},[71,22723,109],{"class":89},[71,22725,231],{"class":99},[71,22727,13203],{"class":103},[71,22729,100],{"class":99},[71,22731,168],{"class":89},[71,22733,171],{"class":89},[71,22735,100],{"class":99},[71,22737,4423],{"class":103},[71,22739,100],{"class":99},[71,22741,109],{"class":89},[71,22743,231],{"class":99},[71,22745,22641],{"class":103},[71,22747,100],{"class":99},[71,22749,168],{"class":89},[71,22751,171],{"class":89},[71,22753,100],{"class":99},[71,22755,22650],{"class":103},[71,22757,100],{"class":99},[71,22759,109],{"class":89},[71,22761,231],{"class":99},[71,22763,22659],{"class":103},[71,22765,100],{"class":99},[71,22767,186],{"class":89},[20,22769,22770],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22772,22773],{},"Use this when:",[40,22775,22776,22779,22782],{},[43,22777,22778],{},"You want clearer printed output",[43,22780,22781],{},"You need list behavior",[43,22783,22784],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[288,22786,22788,1552,22790,1552,22792],{"id":22787},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22789,17192],{},[15,22791,17179],{},[15,22793,17185],{},[20,22795,22796],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[40,22798,22799,22804,22809],{},[43,22800,22801,22803],{},[15,22802,17192],{}," gives both key and value",[43,22805,22806,22808],{},[15,22807,17179],{}," gives only keys",[43,22810,22811,22813],{},[15,22812,17185],{}," gives only values",[20,22815,2537],{},[62,22817,22819],{"className":64,"code":22818,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22820,22821,22857,22861,22879,22897],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22822,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22824,13315],{"class":77},[71,22826,82],{"class":81},[71,22828,1456],{"class":89},[71,22830,3184],{"class":99},[71,22832,94],{"class":103},[71,22834,3184],{"class":99},[71,22836,228],{"class":89},[71,22838,3683],{"class":99},[71,22840,12990],{"class":103},[71,22842,3184],{"class":99},[71,22844,109],{"class":89},[71,22846,3683],{"class":99},[71,22848,242],{"class":103},[71,22850,3184],{"class":99},[71,22852,228],{"class":89},[71,22854,249],{"class":117},[71,22856,252],{"class":89},[71,22858,22859],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22860,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,22862,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,22864,128],{"class":127},[71,22866,90],{"class":89},[71,22868,8433],{"class":85},[71,22870,90],{"class":89},[71,22872,17421],{"class":133},[71,22874,60],{"class":89},[71,22876,17037],{"class":133},[71,22878,6627],{"class":89},[71,22880,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,22882,128],{"class":127},[71,22884,90],{"class":89},[71,22886,8433],{"class":85},[71,22888,90],{"class":89},[71,22890,17421],{"class":133},[71,22892,60],{"class":89},[71,22894,5694],{"class":133},[71,22896,6627],{"class":89},[71,22898,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,22900,128],{"class":127},[71,22902,90],{"class":89},[71,22904,8433],{"class":85},[71,22906,90],{"class":89},[71,22908,17421],{"class":133},[71,22910,60],{"class":89},[71,22912,1770],{"class":133},[71,22914,6627],{"class":89},[20,22916,22917],{},[30,22918,209],{},[62,22920,22922],{"className":64,"code":22921,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22923,22924,22944,22960],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,22925,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,22927,4234],{"class":89},[71,22929,100],{"class":99},[71,22931,94],{"class":103},[71,22933,100],{"class":99},[71,22935,109],{"class":89},[71,22937,231],{"class":99},[71,22939,242],{"class":103},[71,22941,100],{"class":99},[71,22943,1757],{"class":89},[71,22945,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,22947,4234],{"class":89},[71,22949,100],{"class":99},[71,22951,12990],{"class":103},[71,22953,100],{"class":99},[71,22955,109],{"class":89},[71,22957,249],{"class":117},[71,22959,1757],{"class":89},[71,22961,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,22963,21857],{"class":89},[71,22965,100],{"class":99},[71,22967,94],{"class":103},[71,22969,100],{"class":99},[71,22971,109],{"class":89},[71,22973,231],{"class":99},[71,22975,12990],{"class":103},[71,22977,100],{"class":99},[71,22979,168],{"class":89},[71,22981,171],{"class":89},[71,22983,100],{"class":99},[71,22985,242],{"class":103},[71,22987,100],{"class":99},[71,22989,109],{"class":89},[71,22991,249],{"class":117},[71,22993,186],{"class":89},[20,22995,22996],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[40,22998,22999,23007,23015],{},[43,23000,23001,23002],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[56,23003,23005],{"href":23004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23006,17179],{},[43,23008,23009,23010],{},"Need just values? Use ",[56,23011,23013],{"href":23012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23014,17185],{},[43,23016,23017,23018],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23019,17192],{},[288,23021,5298,23023],{"id":23022},"when-to-use-items",[15,23024,17192],{},[20,23026,23027,23029],{},[15,23028,17192],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[40,23031,23032,23035,23038,23041,23044],{},[43,23033,23034],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[43,23036,23037],{},"Building formatted output",[43,23039,23040],{},"Looping through settings and values",[43,23042,23043],{},"Showing names with scores",[43,23045,23046],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23048,2537],{},[62,23050,23052],{"className":64,"code":23051,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23053,23054,23062,23080,23099,23111,23115,23119,23140],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23055,23056,23058,23060],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23057,13937],{"class":77},[71,23059,82],{"class":81},[71,23061,11600],{"class":89},[71,23063,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23065,11605],{"class":99},[71,23067,12603],{"class":103},[71,23069,3184],{"class":99},[71,23071,228],{"class":89},[71,23073,3683],{"class":99},[71,23075,12612],{"class":103},[71,23077,3184],{"class":99},[71,23079,11621],{"class":89},[71,23081,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23095,23097],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23083,11605],{"class":99},[71,23085,20239],{"class":103},[71,23087,3184],{"class":99},[71,23089,228],{"class":89},[71,23091,3683],{"class":99},[71,23093,23094],{"class":103},"English",[71,23096,3184],{"class":99},[71,23098,11621],{"class":89},[71,23100,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,23102,11605],{"class":99},[71,23104,18640],{"class":103},[71,23106,3184],{"class":99},[71,23108,228],{"class":89},[71,23110,6761],{"class":4184},[71,23112,23113],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,23114,252],{"class":89},[71,23116,23117],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,23118,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,23120,23121,23123,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,23122,6294],{"class":4209},[71,23124,23125],{"class":77}," setting",[71,23127,109],{"class":89},[71,23129,21701],{"class":77},[71,23131,4216],{"class":4209},[71,23133,13981],{"class":77},[71,23135,60],{"class":89},[71,23137,1770],{"class":133},[71,23139,21712],{"class":89},[71,23141,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23155,23157,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,23143,8408],{"class":127},[71,23145,90],{"class":89},[71,23147,22411],{"class":768},[71,23149,3184],{"class":103},[71,23151,219],{"class":117},[71,23153,23154],{"class":133},"setting",[71,23156,22420],{"class":117},[71,23158,23159],{"class":103}," = ",[71,23161,219],{"class":117},[71,23163,2804],{"class":133},[71,23165,22420],{"class":117},[71,23167,3184],{"class":103},[71,23169,121],{"class":89},[20,23171,23172],{},[30,23173,209],{},[62,23175,23177],{"className":64,"code":23176,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23178,23179,23189,23199],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23180,23181,23184,23186],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23182,23183],{"class":77},"theme ",[71,23185,82],{"class":81},[71,23187,23188],{"class":77}," dark\n",[71,23190,23191,23194,23196],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23192,23193],{"class":77},"language ",[71,23195,82],{"class":81},[71,23197,23198],{"class":77}," English\n",[71,23200,23201,23204,23206],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23202,23203],{"class":77},"notifications ",[71,23205,82],{"class":81},[71,23207,6761],{"class":4184},[288,23209,2054],{"id":2053},[20,23211,23212,23213,60],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23214,17192],{},[350,23216,23218,23219,23221],{"id":23217},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23220,17192],{}," incorrectly",[20,23223,23224,23225,23227,23228,23231],{},"Each result from ",[15,23226,17192],{}," has ",[30,23229,23230],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23233,7027],{},[62,23235,23236],{"className":64,"code":21647,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,23237,23238,23274,23278,23298],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23239,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23241,13315],{"class":77},[71,23243,82],{"class":81},[71,23245,1456],{"class":89},[71,23247,3184],{"class":99},[71,23249,94],{"class":103},[71,23251,3184],{"class":99},[71,23253,228],{"class":89},[71,23255,3683],{"class":99},[71,23257,12990],{"class":103},[71,23259,3184],{"class":99},[71,23261,109],{"class":89},[71,23263,3683],{"class":99},[71,23265,242],{"class":103},[71,23267,3184],{"class":99},[71,23269,228],{"class":89},[71,23271,249],{"class":117},[71,23273,252],{"class":89},[71,23275,23276],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23277,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,23279,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23281,6294],{"class":4209},[71,23283,21696],{"class":77},[71,23285,109],{"class":89},[71,23287,21701],{"class":77},[71,23289,4216],{"class":4209},[71,23291,13358],{"class":77},[71,23293,60],{"class":89},[71,23295,1770],{"class":133},[71,23297,21712],{"class":89},[71,23299,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,23301,8408],{"class":127},[71,23303,90],{"class":89},[71,23305,14953],{"class":133},[71,23307,109],{"class":89},[71,23309,8774],{"class":133},[71,23311,121],{"class":89},[20,23313,23314],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[62,23316,23318],{"className":64,"code":23317,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23319,23320,23356,23360,23376],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23321,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23323,13315],{"class":77},[71,23325,82],{"class":81},[71,23327,1456],{"class":89},[71,23329,3184],{"class":99},[71,23331,94],{"class":103},[71,23333,3184],{"class":99},[71,23335,228],{"class":89},[71,23337,3683],{"class":99},[71,23339,12990],{"class":103},[71,23341,3184],{"class":99},[71,23343,109],{"class":89},[71,23345,3683],{"class":99},[71,23347,242],{"class":103},[71,23349,3184],{"class":99},[71,23351,228],{"class":89},[71,23353,249],{"class":117},[71,23355,252],{"class":89},[71,23357,23358],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23359,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,23361,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23363,6294],{"class":4209},[71,23365,18324],{"class":77},[71,23367,4216],{"class":4209},[71,23369,13358],{"class":77},[71,23371,60],{"class":89},[71,23373,1770],{"class":133},[71,23375,21712],{"class":89},[71,23377,23378,23380,23382,23384],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,23379,8408],{"class":127},[71,23381,90],{"class":89},[71,23383,14953],{"class":133},[71,23385,121],{"class":89},[20,23387,23388,23389,23391,23392,23395],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23390,14953],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23393,23394],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23397,23398],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[62,23400,23402],{"className":64,"code":23401,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23403,23404,23420],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23405,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23407,6294],{"class":4209},[71,23409,6297],{"class":77},[71,23411,4216],{"class":4209},[71,23413,13358],{"class":77},[71,23415,60],{"class":89},[71,23417,1770],{"class":133},[71,23419,21712],{"class":89},[71,23421,23422,23424,23426,23429],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23423,8408],{"class":127},[71,23425,90],{"class":89},[71,23427,23428],{"class":133},"item",[71,23430,121],{"class":89},[20,23432,23433],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[62,23435,23437],{"className":64,"code":23436,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23438,23439,23459],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23440,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23442,6294],{"class":4209},[71,23444,21696],{"class":77},[71,23446,109],{"class":89},[71,23448,21701],{"class":77},[71,23450,4216],{"class":4209},[71,23452,13358],{"class":77},[71,23454,60],{"class":89},[71,23456,1770],{"class":133},[71,23458,21712],{"class":89},[71,23460,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23462,8408],{"class":127},[71,23464,90],{"class":89},[71,23466,14953],{"class":133},[71,23468,109],{"class":89},[71,23470,8774],{"class":133},[71,23472,121],{"class":89},[350,23474,8794,23476,23478],{"id":23475},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23477,17192],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23480,23481,22092,23483,23485],{},[15,23482,17192],{},[15,23484,22025],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23487,23488],{},"Check it:",[62,23490,23492],{"className":64,"code":23491,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23493,23494,23526,23530,23544,23562],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23495,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23497,11832],{"class":77},[71,23499,82],{"class":81},[71,23501,1456],{"class":89},[71,23503,3184],{"class":99},[71,23505,56],{"class":103},[71,23507,3184],{"class":99},[71,23509,228],{"class":89},[71,23511,165],{"class":117},[71,23513,109],{"class":89},[71,23515,3683],{"class":99},[71,23517,176],{"class":103},[71,23519,3184],{"class":99},[71,23521,228],{"class":89},[71,23523,183],{"class":117},[71,23525,252],{"class":89},[71,23527,23528],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23529,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,23531,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23533,128],{"class":127},[71,23535,90],{"class":89},[71,23537,11556],{"class":133},[71,23539,60],{"class":89},[71,23541,1770],{"class":133},[71,23543,7534],{"class":89},[71,23545,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,23547,128],{"class":127},[71,23549,90],{"class":89},[71,23551,735],{"class":85},[71,23553,90],{"class":89},[71,23555,11556],{"class":133},[71,23557,60],{"class":89},[71,23559,1770],{"class":133},[71,23561,6627],{"class":89},[71,23563,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,23565,128],{"class":127},[71,23567,90],{"class":89},[71,23569,8433],{"class":85},[71,23571,90],{"class":89},[71,23573,11556],{"class":133},[71,23575,60],{"class":89},[71,23577,1770],{"class":133},[71,23579,6627],{"class":89},[20,23581,23582],{},[30,23583,209],{},[62,23585,23587],{"className":64,"code":23586,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23588,23589,23621,23635],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23590,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23592,22025],{"class":133},[71,23594,609],{"class":89},[71,23596,100],{"class":99},[71,23598,56],{"class":103},[71,23600,100],{"class":99},[71,23602,109],{"class":89},[71,23604,165],{"class":117},[71,23606,168],{"class":89},[71,23608,171],{"class":89},[71,23610,100],{"class":99},[71,23612,176],{"class":103},[71,23614,100],{"class":99},[71,23616,109],{"class":89},[71,23618,183],{"class":117},[71,23620,1647],{"class":89},[71,23622,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23624,765],{"class":81},[71,23626,769],{"class":768},[71,23628,231],{"class":99},[71,23630,22025],{"class":103},[71,23632,100],{"class":99},[71,23634,778],{"class":81},[71,23636,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23638,21857],{"class":89},[71,23640,100],{"class":99},[71,23642,56],{"class":103},[71,23644,100],{"class":99},[71,23646,109],{"class":89},[71,23648,165],{"class":117},[71,23650,168],{"class":89},[71,23652,171],{"class":89},[71,23654,100],{"class":99},[71,23656,176],{"class":103},[71,23658,100],{"class":99},[71,23660,109],{"class":89},[71,23662,183],{"class":117},[71,23664,186],{"class":89},[350,23666,23668,23669],{"id":23667},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23670,17192],{},[20,23672,23673],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23675,23676],{},"Problem example:",[62,23678,23680],{"className":64,"code":23679,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23681,23682,23726,23730,23750,23762],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23683,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23685,3950],{"class":77},[71,23687,82],{"class":81},[71,23689,1456],{"class":89},[71,23691,3184],{"class":99},[71,23693,56],{"class":103},[71,23695,3184],{"class":99},[71,23697,228],{"class":89},[71,23699,165],{"class":117},[71,23701,109],{"class":89},[71,23703,3683],{"class":99},[71,23705,176],{"class":103},[71,23707,3184],{"class":99},[71,23709,228],{"class":89},[71,23711,183],{"class":117},[71,23713,109],{"class":89},[71,23715,3683],{"class":99},[71,23717,694],{"class":103},[71,23719,3184],{"class":99},[71,23721,228],{"class":89},[71,23723,701],{"class":117},[71,23725,252],{"class":89},[71,23727,23728],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23729,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,23731,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23733,6294],{"class":4209},[71,23735,21696],{"class":77},[71,23737,109],{"class":89},[71,23739,21701],{"class":77},[71,23741,4216],{"class":4209},[71,23743,4599],{"class":77},[71,23745,60],{"class":89},[71,23747,1770],{"class":133},[71,23749,21712],{"class":89},[71,23751,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,23753,6736],{"class":4209},[71,23755,21701],{"class":77},[71,23757,5025],{"class":81},[71,23759,183],{"class":117},[71,23761,6731],{"class":89},[71,23763,23764,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,23765,23766],{"class":77},"        numbers",[71,23768,4234],{"class":89},[71,23770,3184],{"class":99},[71,23772,18883],{"class":103},[71,23774,3184],{"class":99},[71,23776,13384],{"class":89},[71,23778,13387],{"class":81},[71,23780,23781],{"class":117}," 4\n",[20,23783,23784],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23786,23787],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[62,23789,23791],{"className":64,"code":23790,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23792,23793,23837,23841,23866,23878,23896,23900],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23794,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23796,3950],{"class":77},[71,23798,82],{"class":81},[71,23800,1456],{"class":89},[71,23802,3184],{"class":99},[71,23804,56],{"class":103},[71,23806,3184],{"class":99},[71,23808,228],{"class":89},[71,23810,165],{"class":117},[71,23812,109],{"class":89},[71,23814,3683],{"class":99},[71,23816,176],{"class":103},[71,23818,3184],{"class":99},[71,23820,228],{"class":89},[71,23822,183],{"class":117},[71,23824,109],{"class":89},[71,23826,3683],{"class":99},[71,23828,694],{"class":103},[71,23830,3184],{"class":99},[71,23832,228],{"class":89},[71,23834,701],{"class":117},[71,23836,252],{"class":89},[71,23838,23839],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23840,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,23842,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23844,6294],{"class":4209},[71,23846,21696],{"class":77},[71,23848,109],{"class":89},[71,23850,21701],{"class":77},[71,23852,4216],{"class":4209},[71,23854,22677],{"class":85},[71,23856,90],{"class":89},[71,23858,3980],{"class":133},[71,23860,60],{"class":89},[71,23862,1770],{"class":133},[71,23864,23865],{"class":89},"()):\n",[71,23867,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,23869,6736],{"class":4209},[71,23871,21701],{"class":77},[71,23873,5025],{"class":81},[71,23875,183],{"class":117},[71,23877,6731],{"class":89},[71,23879,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,23881,23766],{"class":77},[71,23883,4234],{"class":89},[71,23885,3184],{"class":99},[71,23887,18883],{"class":103},[71,23889,3184],{"class":99},[71,23891,13384],{"class":89},[71,23893,13387],{"class":81},[71,23895,23781],{"class":117},[71,23897,23898],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,23899,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,23901,23902,23904,23906,23908],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,23903,128],{"class":127},[71,23905,90],{"class":89},[71,23907,3980],{"class":133},[71,23909,121],{"class":89},[350,23911,23913],{"id":23912},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23915,23916],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[62,23918,23920],{"className":64,"code":23919,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23921,23922,23954,23958,23974],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23923,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23925,78],{"class":77},[71,23927,82],{"class":81},[71,23929,1456],{"class":89},[71,23931,3184],{"class":99},[71,23933,1986],{"class":103},[71,23935,3184],{"class":99},[71,23937,228],{"class":89},[71,23939,6341],{"class":117},[71,23941,109],{"class":89},[71,23943,3683],{"class":99},[71,23945,11853],{"class":103},[71,23947,3184],{"class":99},[71,23949,228],{"class":89},[71,23951,8129],{"class":117},[71,23953,252],{"class":89},[71,23955,23956],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,23957,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,23959,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,23961,6294],{"class":4209},[71,23963,6297],{"class":77},[71,23965,4216],{"class":4209},[71,23967,14678],{"class":77},[71,23969,60],{"class":89},[71,23971,1770],{"class":133},[71,23973,21712],{"class":89},[71,23975,23976,23978,23980,23982],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,23977,8408],{"class":127},[71,23979,90],{"class":89},[71,23981,23428],{"class":133},[71,23983,121],{"class":89},[20,23985,23986],{},[30,23987,209],{},[62,23989,23991],{"className":64,"code":23990,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23992,23993,24009],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,23994,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,23996,90],{"class":89},[71,23998,100],{"class":99},[71,24000,1986],{"class":103},[71,24002,100],{"class":99},[71,24004,109],{"class":89},[71,24006,6341],{"class":117},[71,24008,121],{"class":89},[71,24010,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24012,90],{"class":89},[71,24014,100],{"class":99},[71,24016,11853],{"class":103},[71,24018,100],{"class":99},[71,24020,109],{"class":89},[71,24022,8129],{"class":117},[71,24024,121],{"class":89},[20,24026,24027,24028,24030],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24029,21772],{}," pair.",[288,24032,2163],{"id":2162},[350,24034,24036,24037,5482],{"id":24035},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24038,17192],{},[20,24040,17536,24041,24043],{},[15,24042,22025],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[350,24045,12813,24047,24049],{"id":24046},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24048,17192],{}," return a list?",[20,24051,24052,24053,24056],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24054,24055],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[350,24058,24060,24061,2172],{"id":24059},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24062,17192],{},[20,24064,24065],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[62,24067,24069],{"className":64,"code":24068,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24070,24071,24091],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24072,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24074,6294],{"class":4209},[71,24076,21696],{"class":77},[71,24078,109],{"class":89},[71,24080,21701],{"class":77},[71,24082,4216],{"class":4209},[71,24084,11874],{"class":77},[71,24086,60],{"class":89},[71,24088,1770],{"class":133},[71,24090,21712],{"class":89},[71,24092,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24094,8408],{"class":127},[71,24096,90],{"class":89},[71,24098,14953],{"class":133},[71,24100,109],{"class":89},[71,24102,8774],{"class":133},[71,24104,121],{"class":89},[350,24106,12813,24108,24110],{"id":24107},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24109,17192],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24112,24113],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[288,24115,2221],{"id":2220},[40,24117,24118,24124,24130,24135,24139],{},[43,24119,24120],{},[56,24121,1705,24122,1709],{"href":23004},[15,24123,17179],{},[43,24125,24126],{},[56,24127,1705,24128,1709],{"href":23012},[15,24129,17185],{},[43,24131,24132],{},[56,24133,24134],{"href":22591},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[43,24136,24137],{},[56,24138,59],{"href":13133},[43,24140,24141],{},[56,24142,24143],{"href":21895},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2250,24145,24146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":24148},[24149,24150,24152,24153,24154,24156,24157,24159,24161,24170,24180],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":21755,"depth":124,"text":24151},"What items() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":22086,"depth":124,"text":22087},{"id":22312,"depth":124,"text":24155},"Looping with items()",{"id":22595,"depth":124,"text":22596},{"id":22787,"depth":124,"text":24158},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23022,"depth":124,"text":24160},"When to use items()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":24162},[24163,24165,24167,24169],{"id":23217,"depth":139,"text":24164},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23475,"depth":139,"text":24166},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23667,"depth":139,"text":24168},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23912,"depth":139,"text":23913},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":24171},[24172,24174,24176,24178],{"id":24035,"depth":139,"text":24173},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24046,"depth":139,"text":24175},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24059,"depth":139,"text":24177},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24107,"depth":139,"text":24179},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21623,"description":24181},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24188,"title":24189,"body":24190,"description":26281,"extension":2292,"meta":26282,"navigation":142,"path":23004,"seo":26283,"stem":26284,"__hash__":26285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24191,"toc":26247},[24192,24197,24203,24206,24217,24224,24226,24309,24313,24360,24365,24370,24375,24377,24393,24395,24494,24498,24555,24558,24560,24563,24656,24660,24723,24726,24742,24747,24749,24751,24766,24768,24779,24781,24824,24827,24871,24874,24876,24883,24886,24903,24905,24998,25002,25043,25055,25059,25062,25150,25154,25174,25177,25204,25211,25216,25220,25231,25233,25337,25341,25367,25370,25437,25442,25445,25468,25473,25477,25482,25488,25493,25495,25550,25554,25581,25588,25594,25597,25622,25628,25654,25657,25732,25739,25744,25746,25785,25803,25807,25810,25853,25856,25858,25877,25879,25884,25909,25912,25982,25985,26058,26062,26064,26125,26128,26144,26146,26151,26156,26163,26172,26178,26184,26191,26197,26201,26206,26208,26244],[10,24193,11424,24195,11428],{"id":24194},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24196,17179],{},[20,24198,24199,24200,24202],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24201,17179],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24204,24205],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[40,24207,24208,24211,24214],{},[43,24209,24210],{},"view the available keys",[43,24212,24213],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[43,24215,24216],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24218,24219,24221,24222,60],{},[15,24220,17179],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24223,17128],{},[288,24225,2334],{"id":2333},[62,24227,24229],{"className":64,"code":24228,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24230,24231,24267,24281,24285,24295],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24232,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24234,12973],{"class":77},[71,24236,82],{"class":81},[71,24238,1456],{"class":89},[71,24240,3184],{"class":99},[71,24242,94],{"class":103},[71,24244,3184],{"class":99},[71,24246,228],{"class":89},[71,24248,3683],{"class":99},[71,24250,12990],{"class":103},[71,24252,3184],{"class":99},[71,24254,109],{"class":89},[71,24256,3683],{"class":99},[71,24258,242],{"class":103},[71,24260,3184],{"class":99},[71,24262,228],{"class":89},[71,24264,8129],{"class":117},[71,24266,252],{"class":89},[71,24268,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24270,17356],{"class":77},[71,24272,82],{"class":81},[71,24274,13016],{"class":77},[71,24276,60],{"class":89},[71,24278,17037],{"class":133},[71,24280,369],{"class":89},[71,24282,24283],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,24284,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,24286,24287,24289,24291,24293],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,24288,128],{"class":127},[71,24290,90],{"class":89},[71,24292,17037],{"class":133},[71,24294,121],{"class":89},[71,24296,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,24298,128],{"class":127},[71,24300,90],{"class":89},[71,24302,8433],{"class":85},[71,24304,90],{"class":89},[71,24306,17037],{"class":133},[71,24308,204],{"class":89},[20,24310,24311],{},[30,24312,209],{},[62,24314,24316],{"className":64,"code":24315,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24317,24318,24340],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24319,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24321,17128],{"class":133},[71,24323,3317],{"class":89},[71,24325,100],{"class":99},[71,24327,94],{"class":103},[71,24329,100],{"class":99},[71,24331,109],{"class":89},[71,24333,231],{"class":99},[71,24335,242],{"class":103},[71,24337,100],{"class":99},[71,24339,4222],{"class":89},[71,24341,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24343,4234],{"class":89},[71,24345,100],{"class":99},[71,24347,94],{"class":103},[71,24349,100],{"class":99},[71,24351,109],{"class":89},[71,24353,231],{"class":99},[71,24355,242],{"class":103},[71,24357,100],{"class":99},[71,24359,1757],{"class":89},[20,24361,283,24362,24364],{},[15,24363,17179],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[288,24366,291,24368,294],{"id":24367},"what-keys-does",[15,24369,17179],{},[20,24371,24372,24374],{},[15,24373,17179],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24376,11565],{},[40,24378,24379,24382,24385,24390],{},[43,24380,24381],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[43,24383,24384],{},"It does not need any arguments",[43,24386,17536,24387,24389],{},[15,24388,17128],{}," view object, not a list",[43,24391,24392],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24394,2537],{},[62,24396,24398],{"className":64,"code":24397,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24399,24400,24436,24440,24454,24458,24480],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24401,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24403,13315],{"class":77},[71,24405,82],{"class":81},[71,24407,1456],{"class":89},[71,24409,3184],{"class":99},[71,24411,94],{"class":103},[71,24413,3184],{"class":99},[71,24415,228],{"class":89},[71,24417,3683],{"class":99},[71,24419,13332],{"class":103},[71,24421,3184],{"class":99},[71,24423,109],{"class":89},[71,24425,3683],{"class":99},[71,24427,242],{"class":103},[71,24429,3184],{"class":99},[71,24431,228],{"class":89},[71,24433,249],{"class":117},[71,24435,252],{"class":89},[71,24437,24438],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24439,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,24441,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,24443,128],{"class":127},[71,24445,90],{"class":89},[71,24447,17421],{"class":133},[71,24449,60],{"class":89},[71,24451,17037],{"class":133},[71,24453,7534],{"class":89},[71,24455,24456],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,24457,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,24459,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,24461,17421],{"class":77},[71,24463,4234],{"class":89},[71,24465,3184],{"class":99},[71,24467,1373],{"class":103},[71,24469,3184],{"class":99},[71,24471,13384],{"class":89},[71,24473,13387],{"class":81},[71,24475,3683],{"class":99},[71,24477,1380],{"class":103},[71,24479,3689],{"class":99},[71,24481,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,24483,128],{"class":127},[71,24485,90],{"class":89},[71,24487,17421],{"class":133},[71,24489,60],{"class":89},[71,24491,17037],{"class":133},[71,24493,7534],{"class":89},[20,24495,24496],{},[30,24497,209],{},[62,24499,24501],{"className":64,"code":24500,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24502,24503,24525],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24504,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24506,17128],{"class":133},[71,24508,3317],{"class":89},[71,24510,100],{"class":99},[71,24512,94],{"class":103},[71,24514,100],{"class":99},[71,24516,109],{"class":89},[71,24518,231],{"class":99},[71,24520,242],{"class":103},[71,24522,100],{"class":99},[71,24524,4222],{"class":89},[71,24526,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24528,17128],{"class":133},[71,24530,3317],{"class":89},[71,24532,100],{"class":99},[71,24534,94],{"class":103},[71,24536,100],{"class":99},[71,24538,109],{"class":89},[71,24540,231],{"class":99},[71,24542,242],{"class":103},[71,24544,100],{"class":99},[71,24546,109],{"class":89},[71,24548,231],{"class":99},[71,24550,1373],{"class":103},[71,24552,100],{"class":99},[71,24554,4222],{"class":89},[20,24556,24557],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[288,24559,6123],{"id":6122},[20,24561,24562],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[62,24564,24566],{"className":64,"code":24565,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24567,24568,24620,24624,24638],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24569,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24571,78],{"class":77},[71,24573,82],{"class":81},[71,24575,1456],{"class":89},[71,24577,3184],{"class":99},[71,24579,94],{"class":103},[71,24581,3184],{"class":99},[71,24583,228],{"class":89},[71,24585,3683],{"class":99},[71,24587,12990],{"class":103},[71,24589,3184],{"class":99},[71,24591,109],{"class":89},[71,24593,3683],{"class":99},[71,24595,242],{"class":103},[71,24597,3184],{"class":99},[71,24599,228],{"class":89},[71,24601,8129],{"class":117},[71,24603,109],{"class":89},[71,24605,3683],{"class":99},[71,24607,20007],{"class":103},[71,24609,3184],{"class":99},[71,24611,228],{"class":89},[71,24613,3683],{"class":99},[71,24615,22362],{"class":103},[71,24617,3184],{"class":99},[71,24619,252],{"class":89},[71,24621,24622],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24623,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,24625,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,24627,128],{"class":127},[71,24629,90],{"class":89},[71,24631,134],{"class":133},[71,24633,60],{"class":89},[71,24635,17037],{"class":133},[71,24637,7534],{"class":89},[71,24639,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,24641,128],{"class":127},[71,24643,90],{"class":89},[71,24645,8433],{"class":85},[71,24647,90],{"class":89},[71,24649,134],{"class":133},[71,24651,60],{"class":89},[71,24653,17037],{"class":133},[71,24655,6627],{"class":89},[20,24657,24658],{},[30,24659,209],{},[62,24661,24663],{"className":64,"code":24662,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24664,24665,24695],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24666,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24668,17128],{"class":133},[71,24670,3317],{"class":89},[71,24672,100],{"class":99},[71,24674,94],{"class":103},[71,24676,100],{"class":99},[71,24678,109],{"class":89},[71,24680,231],{"class":99},[71,24682,242],{"class":103},[71,24684,100],{"class":99},[71,24686,109],{"class":89},[71,24688,231],{"class":99},[71,24690,20007],{"class":103},[71,24692,100],{"class":99},[71,24694,4222],{"class":89},[71,24696,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24698,4234],{"class":89},[71,24700,100],{"class":99},[71,24702,94],{"class":103},[71,24704,100],{"class":99},[71,24706,109],{"class":89},[71,24708,231],{"class":99},[71,24710,242],{"class":103},[71,24712,100],{"class":99},[71,24714,109],{"class":89},[71,24716,231],{"class":99},[71,24718,20007],{"class":103},[71,24720,100],{"class":99},[71,24722,1757],{"class":89},[20,24724,24725],{},"This shows two things:",[40,24727,24728,24736],{},[43,24729,24730,22092,24733,24735],{},[15,24731,24732],{},"data.keys()",[15,24734,17128],{}," object",[43,24737,24738,24741],{},[15,24739,24740],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24743,54,24744,60],{},[56,24745,24746],{"href":338},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[288,24748,5767],{"id":5766},[20,24750,2489],{},[62,24752,24754],{"className":64,"code":24753,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24755,24756],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24757,24758,24760,24762,24764],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24759,11556],{"class":77},[71,24761,60],{"class":89},[71,24763,17037],{"class":133},[71,24765,369],{"class":89},[20,24767,21917],{},[40,24769,24770,24773,24776],{},[43,24771,24772],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[43,24774,24775],{},"It takes no parameters",[43,24777,24778],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24780,16769],{},[62,24782,24784],{"className":64,"code":24783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24785,24786,24810],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24787,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24789,12973],{"class":77},[71,24791,82],{"class":81},[71,24793,1456],{"class":89},[71,24795,3184],{"class":99},[71,24797,94],{"class":103},[71,24799,3184],{"class":99},[71,24801,228],{"class":89},[71,24803,3683],{"class":99},[71,24805,12990],{"class":103},[71,24807,3184],{"class":99},[71,24809,252],{"class":89},[71,24811,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24813,128],{"class":127},[71,24815,90],{"class":89},[71,24817,13737],{"class":133},[71,24819,60],{"class":89},[71,24821,17037],{"class":133},[71,24823,7534],{"class":89},[20,24825,24826],{},"Incorrect:",[62,24828,24830],{"className":64,"code":24829,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24831,24832,24856],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24833,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24835,12973],{"class":77},[71,24837,82],{"class":81},[71,24839,1456],{"class":89},[71,24841,3184],{"class":99},[71,24843,94],{"class":103},[71,24845,3184],{"class":99},[71,24847,228],{"class":89},[71,24849,3683],{"class":99},[71,24851,12990],{"class":103},[71,24853,3184],{"class":99},[71,24855,252],{"class":89},[71,24857,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24869],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24859,128],{"class":127},[71,24861,90],{"class":89},[71,24863,13737],{"class":133},[71,24865,60],{"class":89},[71,24867,17037],{"class":24868},"skxfh",[71,24870,121],{"class":89},[20,24872,24873],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[288,24875,17533],{"id":17532},[20,24877,24878,22092,24880,24882],{},[15,24879,17179],{},[15,24881,17128],{}," object.",[20,24884,24885],{},"This object:",[40,24887,24888,24891,24894,24900],{},[43,24889,24890],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[43,24892,24893],{},"can be used in a loop",[43,24895,24896,24897],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24898,24899],{},"list()",[43,24901,24902],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24904,2537],{},[62,24906,24908],{"className":64,"code":24907,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24909,24910,24951,24955,24970,24974,24984],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,24911,24912,24915,24917,24919,24921,24924,24926,24928,24930,24933,24935,24937,24939,24942,24944,24946,24949],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,24913,24914],{"class":77},"car ",[71,24916,82],{"class":81},[71,24918,1456],{"class":89},[71,24920,3184],{"class":99},[71,24922,24923],{"class":103},"brand",[71,24925,3184],{"class":99},[71,24927,228],{"class":89},[71,24929,3683],{"class":99},[71,24931,24932],{"class":103},"Toyota",[71,24934,3184],{"class":99},[71,24936,109],{"class":89},[71,24938,3683],{"class":99},[71,24940,24941],{"class":103},"year",[71,24943,3184],{"class":99},[71,24945,228],{"class":89},[71,24947,24948],{"class":117}," 2020",[71,24950,252],{"class":89},[71,24952,24953],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,24954,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,24956,24957,24959,24961,24964,24966,24968],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,24958,1102],{"class":77},[71,24960,82],{"class":81},[71,24962,24963],{"class":77}," car",[71,24965,60],{"class":89},[71,24967,17037],{"class":133},[71,24969,369],{"class":89},[71,24971,24972],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,24973,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,24975,24976,24978,24980,24982],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,24977,128],{"class":127},[71,24979,90],{"class":89},[71,24981,2594],{"class":133},[71,24983,121],{"class":89},[71,24985,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,24987,128],{"class":127},[71,24989,90],{"class":89},[71,24991,735],{"class":85},[71,24993,90],{"class":89},[71,24995,2594],{"class":133},[71,24997,204],{"class":89},[20,24999,25000],{},[30,25001,209],{},[62,25003,25005],{"className":64,"code":25004,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25006,25007,25029],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25008,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25010,17128],{"class":133},[71,25012,3317],{"class":89},[71,25014,100],{"class":99},[71,25016,24923],{"class":103},[71,25018,100],{"class":99},[71,25020,109],{"class":89},[71,25022,231],{"class":99},[71,25024,24941],{"class":103},[71,25026,100],{"class":99},[71,25028,4222],{"class":89},[71,25030,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25032,765],{"class":81},[71,25034,769],{"class":768},[71,25036,231],{"class":99},[71,25038,17128],{"class":103},[71,25040,100],{"class":99},[71,25042,778],{"class":81},[20,25044,25045,25046,25050,25051,60],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[56,25047,1705,25048,1709],{"href":17182},[15,25049,17185],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[56,25052,1705,25053,1709],{"href":17189},[15,25054,17192],{},[288,25056,25058],{"id":25057},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25060,25061],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[62,25063,25065],{"className":64,"code":25064,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25066,25067,25120,25124,25140],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25068,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25116,25118],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25070,12973],{"class":77},[71,25072,82],{"class":81},[71,25074,1456],{"class":89},[71,25076,3184],{"class":99},[71,25078,94],{"class":103},[71,25080,3184],{"class":99},[71,25082,228],{"class":89},[71,25084,3683],{"class":99},[71,25086,12990],{"class":103},[71,25088,3184],{"class":99},[71,25090,109],{"class":89},[71,25092,3683],{"class":99},[71,25094,242],{"class":103},[71,25096,3184],{"class":99},[71,25098,228],{"class":89},[71,25100,8129],{"class":117},[71,25102,109],{"class":89},[71,25104,3683],{"class":99},[71,25106,15441],{"class":103},[71,25108,3184],{"class":99},[71,25110,228],{"class":89},[71,25112,3683],{"class":99},[71,25114,25115],{"class":103},"Math",[71,25117,3184],{"class":99},[71,25119,252],{"class":89},[71,25121,25122],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25123,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,25125,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,25127,6294],{"class":4209},[71,25129,18324],{"class":77},[71,25131,4216],{"class":4209},[71,25133,13016],{"class":77},[71,25135,60],{"class":89},[71,25137,17037],{"class":133},[71,25139,21712],{"class":89},[71,25141,25142,25144,25146,25148],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,25143,8408],{"class":127},[71,25145,90],{"class":89},[71,25147,14953],{"class":133},[71,25149,121],{"class":89},[20,25151,25152],{},[30,25153,209],{},[62,25155,25157],{"className":64,"code":25156,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25158,25159,25164,25169],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25160,25161],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25162,25163],{"class":77},"name\n",[71,25165,25166],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25167,25168],{"class":77},"age\n",[71,25170,25171],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,25172,25173],{"class":77},"course\n",[20,25175,25176],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[62,25178,25180],{"className":64,"code":25179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25181,25182,25194],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25183,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25185,6294],{"class":4209},[71,25187,18324],{"class":77},[71,25189,4216],{"class":4209},[71,25191,13016],{"class":77},[71,25193,6731],{"class":89},[71,25195,25196,25198,25200,25202],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25197,8408],{"class":127},[71,25199,90],{"class":89},[71,25201,14953],{"class":133},[71,25203,121],{"class":89},[20,25205,25206,25207,25210],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25208,25209],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[288,25212,5298,25214],{"id":25213},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25215,17179],{},[20,25217,283,25218,1569],{},[15,25219,17179],{},[40,25221,25222,25225,25228],{},[43,25223,25224],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[43,25226,25227],{},"you want to display available fields",[43,25229,25230],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25232,2537],{},[62,25234,25236],{"className":64,"code":25235,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25237,25238,25291,25295,25310,25327],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25239,25240,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25260,25262,25264,25266,25269,25271,25273,25276,25278,25280,25283,25285,25287,25289],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25241,25242],{"class":77},"product ",[71,25244,82],{"class":81},[71,25246,1456],{"class":89},[71,25248,3184],{"class":99},[71,25250,94],{"class":103},[71,25252,3184],{"class":99},[71,25254,228],{"class":89},[71,25256,3683],{"class":99},[71,25258,25259],{"class":103},"Book",[71,25261,3184],{"class":99},[71,25263,109],{"class":89},[71,25265,3683],{"class":99},[71,25267,25268],{"class":103},"price",[71,25270,3184],{"class":99},[71,25272,228],{"class":89},[71,25274,25275],{"class":117}," 12.99",[71,25277,109],{"class":89},[71,25279,3683],{"class":99},[71,25281,25282],{"class":103},"stock",[71,25284,3184],{"class":99},[71,25286,228],{"class":89},[71,25288,4941],{"class":117},[71,25290,252],{"class":89},[71,25292,25293],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25294,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,25296,25297,25299,25301,25303,25306,25308],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,25298,128],{"class":127},[71,25300,90],{"class":89},[71,25302,3184],{"class":99},[71,25304,25305],{"class":103},"Available fields:",[71,25307,3184],{"class":99},[71,25309,121],{"class":89},[71,25311,25312,25314,25316,25318,25321,25323,25325],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,25313,6294],{"class":4209},[71,25315,18324],{"class":77},[71,25317,4216],{"class":4209},[71,25319,25320],{"class":77}," product",[71,25322,60],{"class":89},[71,25324,17037],{"class":133},[71,25326,21712],{"class":89},[71,25328,25329,25331,25333,25335],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,25330,8408],{"class":127},[71,25332,90],{"class":89},[71,25334,14953],{"class":133},[71,25336,121],{"class":89},[20,25338,25339],{},[30,25340,209],{},[62,25342,25344],{"className":64,"code":25343,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25345,25346,25353,25357,25362],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25347,25348,25351],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25349,25350],{"class":77},"Available fields",[71,25352,6731],{"class":89},[71,25354,25355],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25356,25163],{"class":77},[71,25358,25359],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,25360,25361],{"class":77},"price\n",[71,25363,25364],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,25365,25366],{"class":77},"stock\n",[20,25368,25369],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[62,25371,25373],{"className":64,"code":25372,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25374,25375,25411,25415],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25376,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25378,25242],{"class":77},[71,25380,82],{"class":81},[71,25382,1456],{"class":89},[71,25384,3184],{"class":99},[71,25386,94],{"class":103},[71,25388,3184],{"class":99},[71,25390,228],{"class":89},[71,25392,3683],{"class":99},[71,25394,25259],{"class":103},[71,25396,3184],{"class":99},[71,25398,109],{"class":89},[71,25400,3683],{"class":99},[71,25402,25268],{"class":103},[71,25404,3184],{"class":99},[71,25406,228],{"class":89},[71,25408,25275],{"class":117},[71,25410,252],{"class":89},[71,25412,25413],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25414,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,25416,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,25418,128],{"class":127},[71,25420,90],{"class":89},[71,25422,3184],{"class":99},[71,25424,94],{"class":103},[71,25426,3184],{"class":99},[71,25428,21290],{"class":4209},[71,25430,25320],{"class":133},[71,25432,60],{"class":89},[71,25434,17037],{"class":133},[71,25436,7534],{"class":89},[20,25438,25439,25440,60],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25441,3935],{},[20,25443,25444],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[62,25446,25448],{"className":64,"code":25447,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25449,25450],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25451,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25453,128],{"class":127},[71,25455,90],{"class":89},[71,25457,3184],{"class":99},[71,25459,94],{"class":103},[71,25461,3184],{"class":99},[71,25463,21290],{"class":4209},[71,25465,25320],{"class":133},[71,25467,121],{"class":89},[20,25469,25470,25471,60],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[56,25472,21323],{"href":17267},[288,25474,25476],{"id":25475},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25478,25479,25480,60],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25481,17179],{},[350,25483,8794,25485,25487],{"id":25484},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25486,17179],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25489,25490,25492],{},[15,25491,17179],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25494,2537],{},[62,25496,25498],{"className":64,"code":25497,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25499,25500,25536],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25501,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25503,78],{"class":77},[71,25505,82],{"class":81},[71,25507,1456],{"class":89},[71,25509,3184],{"class":99},[71,25511,94],{"class":103},[71,25513,3184],{"class":99},[71,25515,228],{"class":89},[71,25517,3683],{"class":99},[71,25519,12990],{"class":103},[71,25521,3184],{"class":99},[71,25523,109],{"class":89},[71,25525,3683],{"class":99},[71,25527,242],{"class":103},[71,25529,3184],{"class":99},[71,25531,228],{"class":89},[71,25533,8129],{"class":117},[71,25535,252],{"class":89},[71,25537,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25539,128],{"class":127},[71,25541,90],{"class":89},[71,25543,134],{"class":133},[71,25545,60],{"class":89},[71,25547,17037],{"class":133},[71,25549,7534],{"class":89},[20,25551,25552],{},[30,25553,209],{},[62,25555,25557],{"className":64,"code":25556,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25558,25559],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25560,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25562,17128],{"class":133},[71,25564,3317],{"class":89},[71,25566,100],{"class":99},[71,25568,94],{"class":103},[71,25570,100],{"class":99},[71,25572,109],{"class":89},[71,25574,231],{"class":99},[71,25576,242],{"class":103},[71,25578,100],{"class":99},[71,25580,4222],{"class":89},[20,25582,25583,25584,60],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[56,25585,25586],{"href":17189},[15,25587,17192],{},[350,25589,25591,25592],{"id":25590},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25593,17128],{},[20,25595,25596],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[62,25598,25600],{"className":64,"code":25599,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25601,25602],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25603,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25605,4234],{"class":89},[71,25607,100],{"class":99},[71,25609,94],{"class":103},[71,25611,100],{"class":99},[71,25613,109],{"class":89},[71,25615,231],{"class":99},[71,25617,242],{"class":103},[71,25619,100],{"class":99},[71,25621,1757],{"class":89},[20,25623,25624,25625,25627],{},"But ",[15,25626,17179],{}," returns:",[62,25629,25630],{"className":64,"code":25556,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,25631,25632],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25633,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25635,17128],{"class":133},[71,25637,3317],{"class":89},[71,25639,100],{"class":99},[71,25641,94],{"class":103},[71,25643,100],{"class":99},[71,25645,109],{"class":89},[71,25647,231],{"class":99},[71,25649,242],{"class":103},[71,25651,100],{"class":99},[71,25653,4222],{"class":89},[20,25655,25656],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[62,25658,25660],{"className":64,"code":25659,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25661,25662,25698,25717,25721],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25663,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25665,78],{"class":77},[71,25667,82],{"class":81},[71,25669,1456],{"class":89},[71,25671,3184],{"class":99},[71,25673,94],{"class":103},[71,25675,3184],{"class":99},[71,25677,228],{"class":89},[71,25679,3683],{"class":99},[71,25681,12990],{"class":103},[71,25683,3184],{"class":99},[71,25685,109],{"class":89},[71,25687,3683],{"class":99},[71,25689,242],{"class":103},[71,25691,3184],{"class":99},[71,25693,228],{"class":89},[71,25695,8129],{"class":117},[71,25697,252],{"class":89},[71,25699,25700,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25701,25702],{"class":77},"key_list ",[71,25704,82],{"class":81},[71,25706,22677],{"class":85},[71,25708,90],{"class":89},[71,25710,134],{"class":133},[71,25712,60],{"class":89},[71,25714,17037],{"class":133},[71,25716,7534],{"class":89},[71,25718,25719],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,25720,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,25722,25723,25725,25727,25730],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,25724,128],{"class":127},[71,25726,90],{"class":89},[71,25728,25729],{"class":133},"key_list",[71,25731,121],{"class":89},[350,25733,25735,25736,25738],{"id":25734},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25737,17179],{}," on a list or string",[20,25740,25741,25743],{},[15,25742,17179],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25745,1052],{},[62,25747,25749],{"className":64,"code":25748,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25750,25751,25771],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25752,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25754,3950],{"class":77},[71,25756,82],{"class":81},[71,25758,1740],{"class":89},[71,25760,3320],{"class":117},[71,25762,109],{"class":89},[71,25764,183],{"class":117},[71,25766,109],{"class":89},[71,25768,701],{"class":117},[71,25770,1757],{"class":89},[71,25772,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25774,128],{"class":127},[71,25776,90],{"class":89},[71,25778,3980],{"class":133},[71,25780,60],{"class":89},[71,25782,17037],{"class":133},[71,25784,7534],{"class":89},[20,25786,25787,25788,25791,25792,25794,25795,60],{},"You may get an ",[15,25789,25790],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25793,17179],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[56,25796,25798,25799,25802],{"href":25797},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25800,25801],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[350,25804,25806],{"id":25805},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25808,25809],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[62,25811,25813],{"className":64,"code":25812,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25814,25815,25839],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25816,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25818,78],{"class":77},[71,25820,82],{"class":81},[71,25822,1456],{"class":89},[71,25824,3184],{"class":99},[71,25826,94],{"class":103},[71,25828,3184],{"class":99},[71,25830,228],{"class":89},[71,25832,3683],{"class":99},[71,25834,12990],{"class":103},[71,25836,3184],{"class":99},[71,25838,252],{"class":89},[71,25840,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25842,128],{"class":127},[71,25844,90],{"class":89},[71,25846,134],{"class":133},[71,25848,60],{"class":89},[71,25850,17037],{"class":24868},[71,25852,121],{"class":89},[20,25854,25855],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25857,18810],{},[62,25859,25861],{"className":64,"code":25860,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25862,25863],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25864,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25866,128],{"class":127},[71,25868,90],{"class":89},[71,25870,134],{"class":133},[71,25872,60],{"class":89},[71,25874,17037],{"class":133},[71,25876,7534],{"class":89},[288,25878,2054],{"id":2053},[20,25880,25881,25882,228],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25883,17179],{},[40,25885,25886,25891,25897,25903],{},[43,25887,8758,25888,25890],{},[15,25889,17179],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[43,25892,25893,25894,25896],{},"Thinking ",[15,25895,17179],{}," returns values too",[43,25898,25899,25900,25902],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25901,17128],{}," like a normal list",[43,25904,25905,25906,25908],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25907,17128],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25910,25911],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[62,25913,25915],{"className":64,"code":25914,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25916,25917,25949,25963,25967,25977],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25918,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25920,78],{"class":77},[71,25922,82],{"class":81},[71,25924,1456],{"class":89},[71,25926,3184],{"class":99},[71,25928,56],{"class":103},[71,25930,3184],{"class":99},[71,25932,228],{"class":89},[71,25934,165],{"class":117},[71,25936,109],{"class":89},[71,25938,3683],{"class":99},[71,25940,176],{"class":103},[71,25942,3184],{"class":99},[71,25944,228],{"class":89},[71,25946,183],{"class":117},[71,25948,252],{"class":89},[71,25950,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,25952,17356],{"class":77},[71,25954,82],{"class":81},[71,25956,14678],{"class":77},[71,25958,60],{"class":89},[71,25960,17037],{"class":133},[71,25962,369],{"class":89},[71,25964,25965],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,25966,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,25968,25969,25971,25973,25975],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,25970,128],{"class":127},[71,25972,90],{"class":89},[71,25974,17037],{"class":133},[71,25976,121],{"class":89},[71,25978,25979],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,25980,25981],{"class":1439},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25983,25984],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[62,25986,25988],{"className":64,"code":25987,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25989,25990,26022,26040,26044],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,25991,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,25993,78],{"class":77},[71,25995,82],{"class":81},[71,25997,1456],{"class":89},[71,25999,3184],{"class":99},[71,26001,56],{"class":103},[71,26003,3184],{"class":99},[71,26005,228],{"class":89},[71,26007,165],{"class":117},[71,26009,109],{"class":89},[71,26011,3683],{"class":99},[71,26013,176],{"class":103},[71,26015,3184],{"class":99},[71,26017,228],{"class":89},[71,26019,183],{"class":117},[71,26021,252],{"class":89},[71,26023,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,26025,17356],{"class":77},[71,26027,82],{"class":81},[71,26029,22677],{"class":85},[71,26031,90],{"class":89},[71,26033,134],{"class":133},[71,26035,60],{"class":89},[71,26037,17037],{"class":133},[71,26039,7534],{"class":89},[71,26041,26042],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,26043,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,26045,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,26047,128],{"class":127},[71,26049,90],{"class":89},[71,26051,17037],{"class":133},[71,26053,4234],{"class":89},[71,26055,2449],{"class":117},[71,26057,4222],{"class":89},[288,26059,26061],{"id":26060},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26063,2090],{},[62,26065,26067],{"className":64,"code":26066,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26068,26069,26083,26093,26107],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,26072,128],{"class":127},[71,26074,90],{"class":89},[71,26076,735],{"class":85},[71,26078,90],{"class":89},[71,26080,11556],{"class":133},[71,26082,204],{"class":89},[71,26084,26085,26087,26089,26091],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,26086,128],{"class":127},[71,26088,90],{"class":89},[71,26090,11556],{"class":133},[71,26092,121],{"class":89},[71,26094,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,26096,128],{"class":127},[71,26098,90],{"class":89},[71,26100,11556],{"class":133},[71,26102,60],{"class":89},[71,26104,17037],{"class":133},[71,26106,7534],{"class":89},[71,26108,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,26110,128],{"class":127},[71,26112,90],{"class":89},[71,26114,8433],{"class":85},[71,26116,90],{"class":89},[71,26118,11556],{"class":133},[71,26120,60],{"class":89},[71,26122,17037],{"class":133},[71,26124,6627],{"class":89},[20,26126,26127],{},"These help you confirm:",[40,26129,26130,26133,26136,26141],{},[43,26131,26132],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[43,26134,26135],{},"what data it contains",[43,26137,26138,26139,11813],{},"what ",[15,26140,17179],{},[43,26142,26143],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[288,26145,2163],{"id":2162},[350,26147,24036,26149,5482],{"id":26148},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26150,17179],{},[20,26152,17536,26153,26155],{},[15,26154,17128],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[350,26157,15015,26159,26162],{"id":26158},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26160,26161],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26164,26165,26166,26168,26169,60],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26167,17128],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26170,26171],{},"list(dict.keys())",[350,26173,26175,26176,2172],{"id":26174},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26177,26161],{},[20,26179,26180,26181,26183],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26182,6294],{}," loop.",[350,26185,26187,26188,26190],{"id":26186},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26189,17179],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26192,26193,26194,26196],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26195,17179],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[350,26198,26200],{"id":26199},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26202,283,26203,60],{},[15,26204,26205],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[288,26207,2221],{"id":2220},[40,26209,26210,26215,26221,26227,26233,26237],{},[43,26211,26212],{},[56,26213,26214],{"href":338},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[43,26216,26217],{},[56,26218,1705,26219,1709],{"href":17182},[15,26220,17185],{},[43,26222,26223],{},[56,26224,1705,26225,1709],{"href":17189},[15,26226,17192],{},[43,26228,26229],{},[56,26230,26232],{"href":26231},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[43,26234,26235],{},[56,26236,17268],{"href":17267},[43,26238,26239],{},[56,26240,26241,26242,25802],{"href":25797},"How to fix ",[15,26243,25801],{},[2250,26245,26246],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":26248},[26249,26250,26252,26253,26254,26255,26256,26258,26267,26268,26269,26280],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":24367,"depth":124,"text":26251},"What keys() does",{"id":6122,"depth":124,"text":6123},{"id":5766,"depth":124,"text":5767},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":25057,"depth":124,"text":25058},{"id":25213,"depth":124,"text":26257},"When to use keys()",{"id":25475,"depth":124,"text":25476,"children":26259},[26260,26262,26264,26266],{"id":25484,"depth":139,"text":26261},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25590,"depth":139,"text":26263},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25734,"depth":139,"text":26265},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25805,"depth":139,"text":25806},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":26060,"depth":124,"text":26061},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":26270},[26271,26273,26275,26277,26279],{"id":26148,"depth":139,"text":26272},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26158,"depth":139,"text":26274},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26174,"depth":139,"text":26276},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26186,"depth":139,"text":26278},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26199,"depth":139,"text":26200},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24189,"description":26281},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26287,"title":26288,"body":26289,"description":28562,"extension":2292,"meta":28563,"navigation":142,"path":28564,"seo":28565,"stem":28566,"__hash__":28567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26290,"toc":28515},[26291,26296,26301,26304,26306,26452,26465,26470,26474,26488,26490,26593,26602,26604,26607,26645,26670,26672,26779,26781,26788,26791,26799,26801,26942,26950,26955,26959,26970,26972,27134,27137,27145,27152,27158,27255,27261,27338,27341,27353,27358,27364,27367,27371,27460,27463,27467,27571,27578,27665,27674,27676,27681,27687,27690,27736,27739,27805,27814,27820,27913,27919,27925,27968,27971,28036,28042,28134,28137,28141,28147,28172,28175,28271,28278,28280,28285,28376,28378,28406,28411,28413,28420,28423,28427,28437,28442,28445,28452,28462,28469,28477,28479,28512],[10,26292,11424,26294,11428],{"id":26293},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26295,12872],{},[20,26297,26298,26300],{},[15,26299,12678],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26302,26303],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[288,26305,3940],{"id":3939},[62,26307,26309],{"className":64,"code":26308,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26310,26311,26347,26371,26385,26398,26402,26407,26439],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,26312,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,26314,13315],{"class":77},[71,26316,82],{"class":81},[71,26318,1456],{"class":89},[71,26320,3184],{"class":99},[71,26322,94],{"class":103},[71,26324,3184],{"class":99},[71,26326,228],{"class":89},[71,26328,3683],{"class":99},[71,26330,12990],{"class":103},[71,26332,3184],{"class":99},[71,26334,109],{"class":89},[71,26336,3683],{"class":99},[71,26338,242],{"class":103},[71,26340,3184],{"class":99},[71,26342,228],{"class":89},[71,26344,249],{"class":117},[71,26346,252],{"class":89},[71,26348,26349,26352,26354,26356,26358,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,26350,26351],{"class":77},"removed_age ",[71,26353,82],{"class":81},[71,26355,13358],{"class":77},[71,26357,60],{"class":89},[71,26359,26360],{"class":133},"pop",[71,26362,90],{"class":89},[71,26364,3184],{"class":99},[71,26366,242],{"class":103},[71,26368,3184],{"class":99},[71,26370,121],{"class":89},[71,26372,26373,26375,26377,26380,26382],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,26374,128],{"class":127},[71,26376,90],{"class":89},[71,26378,26379],{"class":133},"removed_age",[71,26381,3993],{"class":89},[71,26383,26384],{"class":1439},"   # 25\n",[71,26386,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,26388,128],{"class":127},[71,26390,90],{"class":89},[71,26392,17421],{"class":133},[71,26394,3993],{"class":89},[71,26396,26397],{"class":1439},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[71,26399,26400],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,26401,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,26403,26404],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,26405,26406],{"class":1439},"# Safe version with default value\n",[71,26408,26409,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26435,26437],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,26410,26411],{"class":77},"country ",[71,26413,82],{"class":81},[71,26415,13358],{"class":77},[71,26417,60],{"class":89},[71,26419,26360],{"class":133},[71,26421,90],{"class":89},[71,26423,3184],{"class":99},[71,26425,15374],{"class":103},[71,26427,3184],{"class":99},[71,26429,109],{"class":89},[71,26431,3683],{"class":99},[71,26433,26434],{"class":103},"Not found",[71,26436,3184],{"class":99},[71,26438,121],{"class":89},[71,26440,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,26442,128],{"class":127},[71,26444,90],{"class":89},[71,26446,15374],{"class":133},[71,26448,3993],{"class":89},[71,26450,26451],{"class":1439},"       # Not found\n",[20,26453,283,26454,26457,26458,26461,26462,26464],{},[15,26455,26456],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26459,26460],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26463,19803],{}," when the key might not exist.",[288,26466,291,26468,294],{"id":26467},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26469,12678],{},[20,26471,26472,228],{},[15,26473,12678],{},[40,26475,26476,26479,26482,26485],{},[43,26477,26478],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[43,26480,26481],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[43,26483,26484],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[43,26486,26487],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26489,2537],{},[62,26491,26493],{"className":64,"code":26492,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26494,26495,26535,26539,26562,26566,26580],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,26496,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,26498,11595],{"class":77},[71,26500,82],{"class":81},[71,26502,1456],{"class":89},[71,26504,3184],{"class":99},[71,26506,94],{"class":103},[71,26508,3184],{"class":99},[71,26510,228],{"class":89},[71,26512,3683],{"class":99},[71,26514,13332],{"class":103},[71,26516,3184],{"class":99},[71,26518,109],{"class":89},[71,26520,3683],{"class":99},[71,26522,1373],{"class":103},[71,26524,3184],{"class":99},[71,26526,228],{"class":89},[71,26528,3683],{"class":99},[71,26530,1380],{"class":103},[71,26532,3184],{"class":99},[71,26534,252],{"class":89},[71,26536,26537],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,26538,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,26540,26541,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,26542,26543],{"class":77},"removed_city ",[71,26545,82],{"class":81},[71,26547,11678],{"class":77},[71,26549,60],{"class":89},[71,26551,26360],{"class":133},[71,26553,90],{"class":89},[71,26555,3184],{"class":99},[71,26557,1373],{"class":103},[71,26559,3184],{"class":99},[71,26561,121],{"class":89},[71,26563,26564],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,26565,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,26567,26568,26570,26572,26575,26577],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,26569,128],{"class":127},[71,26571,90],{"class":89},[71,26573,26574],{"class":133},"removed_city",[71,26576,3993],{"class":89},[71,26578,26579],{"class":1439},"  # Paris\n",[71,26581,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,26583,128],{"class":127},[71,26585,90],{"class":89},[71,26587,11689],{"class":133},[71,26589,3993],{"class":89},[71,26591,26592],{"class":1439},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26594,20887,26595,26598,26599,60],{},[15,26596,26597],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26600,26601],{},"\"Paris\"",[288,26603,343],{"id":342},[20,26605,26606],{},"There are two common forms:",[62,26608,26610],{"className":64,"code":26609,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26611,26612,26626],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,26613,26614,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,26615,11556],{"class":77},[71,26617,60],{"class":89},[71,26619,26360],{"class":133},[71,26621,90],{"class":89},[71,26623,14953],{"class":133},[71,26625,121],{"class":89},[71,26627,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26643],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,26629,11556],{"class":77},[71,26631,60],{"class":89},[71,26633,26360],{"class":133},[71,26635,90],{"class":89},[71,26637,14953],{"class":133},[71,26639,109],{"class":89},[71,26641,26642],{"class":133}," default",[71,26644,121],{"class":89},[40,26646,26647,26653,26661,26667],{},[43,26648,26649,26652],{},[15,26650,26651],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[43,26654,26655,26657,26658,26660],{},[15,26656,26651],{}," raises ",[15,26659,19803],{}," if the key is missing",[43,26662,26663,26666],{},[15,26664,26665],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[43,26668,26669],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26671,2537],{},[62,26673,26675],{"className":64,"code":26674,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26676,26677,26709,26713,26738,26766],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,26678,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,26680,5400],{"class":77},[71,26682,82],{"class":81},[71,26684,1456],{"class":89},[71,26686,3184],{"class":99},[71,26688,18532],{"class":103},[71,26690,3184],{"class":99},[71,26692,228],{"class":89},[71,26694,20014],{"class":117},[71,26696,109],{"class":89},[71,26698,3683],{"class":99},[71,26700,18541],{"class":103},[71,26702,3184],{"class":99},[71,26704,228],{"class":89},[71,26706,13618],{"class":117},[71,26708,252],{"class":89},[71,26710,26711],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,26712,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,26714,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,26716,128],{"class":127},[71,26718,90],{"class":89},[71,26720,16502],{"class":133},[71,26722,60],{"class":89},[71,26724,26360],{"class":133},[71,26726,90],{"class":89},[71,26728,3184],{"class":99},[71,26730,18532],{"class":103},[71,26732,3184],{"class":99},[71,26734,5697],{"class":89},[71,26736,26737],{"class":1439},"         # 90\n",[71,26739,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,26741,128],{"class":127},[71,26743,90],{"class":89},[71,26745,16502],{"class":133},[71,26747,60],{"class":89},[71,26749,26360],{"class":133},[71,26751,90],{"class":89},[71,26753,3184],{"class":99},[71,26755,18550],{"class":103},[71,26757,3184],{"class":99},[71,26759,109],{"class":89},[71,26761,4165],{"class":117},[71,26763,5697],{"class":89},[71,26765,20884],{"class":1439},[71,26767,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,26769,128],{"class":127},[71,26771,90],{"class":89},[71,26773,16502],{"class":133},[71,26775,3993],{"class":89},[71,26777,26778],{"class":1439},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[288,26780,17533],{"id":17532},[20,26782,26783,14165,26785,26787],{},[15,26784,12872],{},[30,26786,4967],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26789,26790],{},"Instead, it returns:",[40,26792,26793,26796],{},[43,26794,26795],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[43,26797,26798],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26800,2537],{},[62,26802,26804],{"className":64,"code":26803,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26805,26806,26838,26842,26865,26897,26901,26915,26929],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,26807,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,26809,78],{"class":77},[71,26811,82],{"class":81},[71,26813,1456],{"class":89},[71,26815,3184],{"class":99},[71,26817,56],{"class":103},[71,26819,3184],{"class":99},[71,26821,228],{"class":89},[71,26823,6341],{"class":117},[71,26825,109],{"class":89},[71,26827,3683],{"class":99},[71,26829,176],{"class":103},[71,26831,3184],{"class":99},[71,26833,228],{"class":89},[71,26835,8129],{"class":117},[71,26837,252],{"class":89},[71,26839,26840],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,26841,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,26843,26844,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,26845,26846],{"class":77},"result1 ",[71,26848,82],{"class":81},[71,26850,14678],{"class":77},[71,26852,60],{"class":89},[71,26854,26360],{"class":133},[71,26856,90],{"class":89},[71,26858,3184],{"class":99},[71,26860,56],{"class":103},[71,26862,3184],{"class":99},[71,26864,121],{"class":89},[71,26866,26867,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890,26893,26895],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,26868,26869],{"class":77},"result2 ",[71,26871,82],{"class":81},[71,26873,14678],{"class":77},[71,26875,60],{"class":89},[71,26877,26360],{"class":133},[71,26879,90],{"class":89},[71,26881,3184],{"class":99},[71,26883,694],{"class":103},[71,26885,3184],{"class":99},[71,26887,109],{"class":89},[71,26889,3683],{"class":99},[71,26891,26892],{"class":103},"missing",[71,26894,3184],{"class":99},[71,26896,121],{"class":89},[71,26898,26899],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,26900,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,26902,26903,26905,26907,26910,26912],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,26904,128],{"class":127},[71,26906,90],{"class":89},[71,26908,26909],{"class":133},"result1",[71,26911,3993],{"class":89},[71,26913,26914],{"class":1439},"  # 10\n",[71,26916,26917,26919,26921,26924,26926],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,26918,128],{"class":127},[71,26920,90],{"class":89},[71,26922,26923],{"class":133},"result2",[71,26925,3993],{"class":89},[71,26927,26928],{"class":1439},"  # missing\n",[71,26930,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,26932,128],{"class":127},[71,26934,90],{"class":89},[71,26936,134],{"class":133},[71,26938,3993],{"class":89},[71,26940,26941],{"class":1439},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26943,26944,26945,6970],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[56,26946,26947],{"href":1704},[15,26948,26949],{},"dict.get()",[288,26951,5298,26953],{"id":26952},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26954,12872],{},[20,26956,283,26957,1569],{},[15,26958,12872],{},[40,26960,26961,26964,26967],{},[43,26962,26963],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[43,26965,26966],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[43,26968,26969],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26971,2537],{},[62,26973,26975],{"className":64,"code":26974,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26976,26977,27029,27033,27060,27064,27088,27092,27106,27120],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27013,27015,27017,27020,27022,27024,27027],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,26980,25242],{"class":77},[71,26982,82],{"class":81},[71,26984,1456],{"class":89},[71,26986,3184],{"class":99},[71,26988,94],{"class":103},[71,26990,3184],{"class":99},[71,26992,228],{"class":89},[71,26994,3683],{"class":99},[71,26996,26997],{"class":103},"Laptop",[71,26999,3184],{"class":99},[71,27001,109],{"class":89},[71,27003,3683],{"class":99},[71,27005,25268],{"class":103},[71,27007,3184],{"class":99},[71,27009,228],{"class":89},[71,27011,27012],{"class":117}," 1200",[71,27014,109],{"class":89},[71,27016,3683],{"class":99},[71,27018,27019],{"class":103},"discount",[71,27021,3184],{"class":99},[71,27023,228],{"class":89},[71,27025,27026],{"class":117}," 200",[71,27028,252],{"class":89},[71,27030,27031],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27032,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27034,27035,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,27036,27037],{"class":77},"discount_amount ",[71,27039,82],{"class":81},[71,27041,25320],{"class":77},[71,27043,60],{"class":89},[71,27045,26360],{"class":133},[71,27047,90],{"class":89},[71,27049,3184],{"class":99},[71,27051,27019],{"class":103},[71,27053,3184],{"class":99},[71,27055,109],{"class":89},[71,27057,4165],{"class":117},[71,27059,121],{"class":89},[71,27061,27062],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,27063,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27065,27066,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,27067,27068],{"class":77},"final_price ",[71,27070,82],{"class":81},[71,27072,25320],{"class":77},[71,27074,4234],{"class":89},[71,27076,3184],{"class":99},[71,27078,25268],{"class":103},[71,27080,3184],{"class":99},[71,27082,13384],{"class":89},[71,27084,2552],{"class":81},[71,27086,27087],{"class":77}," discount_amount\n",[71,27089,27090],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,27091,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27093,27094,27096,27098,27101,27103],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,27095,128],{"class":127},[71,27097,90],{"class":89},[71,27099,27100],{"class":133},"discount_amount",[71,27102,3993],{"class":89},[71,27104,27105],{"class":1439},"  # 200\n",[71,27107,27108,27110,27112,27115,27117],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,27109,128],{"class":127},[71,27111,90],{"class":89},[71,27113,27114],{"class":133},"final_price",[71,27116,3993],{"class":89},[71,27118,27119],{"class":1439},"      # 1000\n",[71,27121,27122,27124,27126,27129,27131],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,27123,128],{"class":127},[71,27125,90],{"class":89},[71,27127,27128],{"class":133},"product",[71,27130,3993],{"class":89},[71,27132,27133],{"class":1439},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27135,27136],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[288,27138,27140,1552,27142],{"id":27139},"pop-vs-del",[15,27141,12872],{},[15,27143,27144],{},"del",[20,27146,1557,27147,1560,27149,27151],{},[15,27148,12872],{},[15,27150,27144],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[350,27153,283,27155,27157],{"id":27154},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27156,12872],{}," when you need the removed value",[62,27159,27161],{"className":64,"code":27160,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27162,27163,27199,27203,27225,27229,27242],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27164,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27166,13315],{"class":77},[71,27168,82],{"class":81},[71,27170,1456],{"class":89},[71,27172,3184],{"class":99},[71,27174,94],{"class":103},[71,27176,3184],{"class":99},[71,27178,228],{"class":89},[71,27180,3683],{"class":99},[71,27182,12990],{"class":103},[71,27184,3184],{"class":99},[71,27186,109],{"class":89},[71,27188,3683],{"class":99},[71,27190,242],{"class":103},[71,27192,3184],{"class":99},[71,27194,228],{"class":89},[71,27196,249],{"class":117},[71,27198,252],{"class":89},[71,27200,27201],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27202,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27204,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,27206,21745],{"class":77},[71,27208,82],{"class":81},[71,27210,13358],{"class":77},[71,27212,60],{"class":89},[71,27214,26360],{"class":133},[71,27216,90],{"class":89},[71,27218,3184],{"class":99},[71,27220,242],{"class":103},[71,27222,3184],{"class":99},[71,27224,121],{"class":89},[71,27226,27227],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,27228,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27230,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,27232,128],{"class":127},[71,27234,90],{"class":89},[71,27236,242],{"class":133},[71,27238,3993],{"class":89},[71,27240,27241],{"class":1439},"     # 25\n",[71,27243,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,27245,128],{"class":127},[71,27247,90],{"class":89},[71,27249,17421],{"class":133},[71,27251,3993],{"class":89},[71,27253,27254],{"class":1439},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[350,27256,283,27258,27260],{"id":27257},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27259,27144],{}," when you only want deletion",[62,27262,27264],{"className":64,"code":27263,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27265,27266,27302,27306,27322,27326],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27267,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27269,13315],{"class":77},[71,27271,82],{"class":81},[71,27273,1456],{"class":89},[71,27275,3184],{"class":99},[71,27277,94],{"class":103},[71,27279,3184],{"class":99},[71,27281,228],{"class":89},[71,27283,3683],{"class":99},[71,27285,12990],{"class":103},[71,27287,3184],{"class":99},[71,27289,109],{"class":89},[71,27291,3683],{"class":99},[71,27293,242],{"class":103},[71,27295,3184],{"class":99},[71,27297,228],{"class":89},[71,27299,249],{"class":117},[71,27301,252],{"class":89},[71,27303,27304],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27305,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27307,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,27309,27144],{"class":4209},[71,27311,13358],{"class":77},[71,27313,4234],{"class":89},[71,27315,3184],{"class":99},[71,27317,242],{"class":103},[71,27319,3184],{"class":99},[71,27321,1757],{"class":89},[71,27323,27324],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,27325,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27327,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,27329,128],{"class":127},[71,27331,90],{"class":89},[71,27333,17421],{"class":133},[71,27335,3993],{"class":89},[71,27337,27254],{"class":1439},[20,27339,27340],{},"Difference:",[40,27342,27343,27348],{},[43,27344,27345,27347],{},[15,27346,12872],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[43,27349,27350,27352],{},[15,27351,27144],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27354,27355,27356,60],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[56,27357,12683],{"href":12682},[288,27359,27361,27362],{"id":27360},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27363,19803],{},[20,27365,27366],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[350,27368,27370],{"id":27369},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[62,27372,27374],{"className":64,"code":27373,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27375,27376,27401,27405,27431,27435,27447],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27377,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394,27397,27399],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27379,11832],{"class":77},[71,27381,82],{"class":81},[71,27383,1456],{"class":89},[71,27385,3184],{"class":99},[71,27387,94],{"class":103},[71,27389,3184],{"class":99},[71,27391,228],{"class":89},[71,27393,3683],{"class":99},[71,27395,27396],{"class":103},"Sara",[71,27398,3184],{"class":99},[71,27400,252],{"class":89},[71,27402,27403],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27404,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27406,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,27408,2778],{"class":77},[71,27410,82],{"class":81},[71,27412,11874],{"class":77},[71,27414,60],{"class":89},[71,27416,26360],{"class":133},[71,27418,90],{"class":89},[71,27420,3184],{"class":99},[71,27422,242],{"class":103},[71,27424,3184],{"class":99},[71,27426,109],{"class":89},[71,27428,4185],{"class":4184},[71,27430,121],{"class":89},[71,27432,27433],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,27434,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27436,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,27438,128],{"class":127},[71,27440,90],{"class":89},[71,27442,2804],{"class":133},[71,27444,3993],{"class":89},[71,27446,20677],{"class":1439},[71,27448,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,27450,128],{"class":127},[71,27452,90],{"class":89},[71,27454,11556],{"class":133},[71,27456,3993],{"class":89},[71,27458,27459],{"class":1439}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27461,27462],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[350,27464,27466],{"id":27465},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[62,27468,27470],{"className":64,"code":27469,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27471,27472,27496,27500,27516,27539,27549,27556],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27473,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27475,11832],{"class":77},[71,27477,82],{"class":81},[71,27479,1456],{"class":89},[71,27481,3184],{"class":99},[71,27483,94],{"class":103},[71,27485,3184],{"class":99},[71,27487,228],{"class":89},[71,27489,3683],{"class":99},[71,27491,27396],{"class":103},[71,27493,3184],{"class":99},[71,27495,252],{"class":89},[71,27497,27498],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27499,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27501,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,27503,7337],{"class":4209},[71,27505,3683],{"class":99},[71,27507,242],{"class":103},[71,27509,3184],{"class":99},[71,27511,21290],{"class":81},[71,27513,11874],{"class":77},[71,27515,6731],{"class":89},[71,27517,27518,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,27519,27520],{"class":77},"    value ",[71,27522,82],{"class":81},[71,27524,11874],{"class":77},[71,27526,60],{"class":89},[71,27528,26360],{"class":133},[71,27530,90],{"class":89},[71,27532,3184],{"class":99},[71,27534,242],{"class":103},[71,27536,3184],{"class":99},[71,27538,121],{"class":89},[71,27540,27541,27543,27545,27547],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,27542,8408],{"class":127},[71,27544,90],{"class":89},[71,27546,2804],{"class":133},[71,27548,121],{"class":89},[71,27550,27551,27554],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,27552,27553],{"class":4209},"else",[71,27555,6731],{"class":89},[71,27557,27558,27560,27562,27564,27567,27569],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,27559,8408],{"class":127},[71,27561,90],{"class":89},[71,27563,3184],{"class":99},[71,27565,27566],{"class":103},"Key not found",[71,27568,3184],{"class":99},[71,27570,121],{"class":89},[350,27572,27574,27575,27577],{"id":27573},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27576,1708],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[62,27579,27581],{"className":64,"code":27580,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27582,27583,27607,27611,27637,27641,27653],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27584,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27586,11832],{"class":77},[71,27588,82],{"class":81},[71,27590,1456],{"class":89},[71,27592,3184],{"class":99},[71,27594,94],{"class":103},[71,27596,3184],{"class":99},[71,27598,228],{"class":89},[71,27600,3683],{"class":99},[71,27602,27396],{"class":103},[71,27604,3184],{"class":99},[71,27606,252],{"class":89},[71,27608,27609],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27610,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27612,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,27614,2778],{"class":77},[71,27616,82],{"class":81},[71,27618,11874],{"class":77},[71,27620,60],{"class":89},[71,27622,19866],{"class":133},[71,27624,90],{"class":89},[71,27626,3184],{"class":99},[71,27628,242],{"class":103},[71,27630,3184],{"class":99},[71,27632,109],{"class":89},[71,27634,4185],{"class":4184},[71,27636,121],{"class":89},[71,27638,27639],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,27640,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27642,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,27644,128],{"class":127},[71,27646,90],{"class":89},[71,27648,2804],{"class":133},[71,27650,3993],{"class":89},[71,27652,20677],{"class":1439},[71,27654,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,27656,128],{"class":127},[71,27658,90],{"class":89},[71,27660,11556],{"class":133},[71,27662,3993],{"class":89},[71,27664,27459],{"class":1439},[20,27666,283,27667,27671,27672,60],{},[56,27668,27669],{"href":1704},[15,27670,26949],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[56,27673,2248],{"href":2049},[288,27675,4855],{"id":4854},[20,27677,27678,27679,60],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27680,12678],{},[350,27682,25893,27684,27686],{"id":27683},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27685,12872],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27688,27689],{},"Lists use indexes:",[62,27691,27693],{"className":64,"code":27692,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27694,27695,27715],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27696,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27698,3950],{"class":77},[71,27700,82],{"class":81},[71,27702,1740],{"class":89},[71,27704,2661],{"class":117},[71,27706,109],{"class":89},[71,27708,8129],{"class":117},[71,27710,109],{"class":89},[71,27712,8134],{"class":117},[71,27714,1757],{"class":89},[71,27716,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27718,128],{"class":127},[71,27720,90],{"class":89},[71,27722,3980],{"class":133},[71,27724,60],{"class":89},[71,27726,26360],{"class":133},[71,27728,90],{"class":89},[71,27730,3320],{"class":117},[71,27732,5697],{"class":89},[71,27734,27735],{"class":1439},"  # 20\n",[20,27737,27738],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[62,27740,27742],{"className":64,"code":27741,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27743,27744,27780],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27745,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27747,13315],{"class":77},[71,27749,82],{"class":81},[71,27751,1456],{"class":89},[71,27753,3184],{"class":99},[71,27755,94],{"class":103},[71,27757,3184],{"class":99},[71,27759,228],{"class":89},[71,27761,3683],{"class":99},[71,27763,12990],{"class":103},[71,27765,3184],{"class":99},[71,27767,109],{"class":89},[71,27769,3683],{"class":99},[71,27771,242],{"class":103},[71,27773,3184],{"class":99},[71,27775,228],{"class":89},[71,27777,249],{"class":117},[71,27779,252],{"class":89},[71,27781,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27783,128],{"class":127},[71,27785,90],{"class":89},[71,27787,17421],{"class":133},[71,27789,60],{"class":89},[71,27791,26360],{"class":133},[71,27793,90],{"class":89},[71,27795,3184],{"class":99},[71,27797,242],{"class":103},[71,27799,3184],{"class":99},[71,27801,5697],{"class":89},[71,27803,27804],{"class":1439},"  # 25\n",[20,27806,27807,27808,27810,27811,27813],{},"A dictionary does ",[30,27809,4967],{}," use positions with ",[15,27812,12872],{},". It uses keys.",[350,27815,5041,27817,27819],{"id":27816},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27818,12872],{}," changes the original dictionary",[62,27821,27823],{"className":64,"code":27822,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27824,27825,27857,27861,27883,27887,27900],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27826,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27828,78],{"class":77},[71,27830,82],{"class":81},[71,27832,1456],{"class":89},[71,27834,3184],{"class":99},[71,27836,1986],{"class":103},[71,27838,3184],{"class":99},[71,27840,228],{"class":89},[71,27842,165],{"class":117},[71,27844,109],{"class":89},[71,27846,3683],{"class":99},[71,27848,11853],{"class":103},[71,27850,3184],{"class":99},[71,27852,228],{"class":89},[71,27854,183],{"class":117},[71,27856,252],{"class":89},[71,27858,27859],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27860,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27862,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,27864,2778],{"class":77},[71,27866,82],{"class":81},[71,27868,14678],{"class":77},[71,27870,60],{"class":89},[71,27872,26360],{"class":133},[71,27874,90],{"class":89},[71,27876,3184],{"class":99},[71,27878,1986],{"class":103},[71,27880,3184],{"class":99},[71,27882,121],{"class":89},[71,27884,27885],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,27886,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27888,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,27890,128],{"class":127},[71,27892,90],{"class":89},[71,27894,2804],{"class":133},[71,27896,3993],{"class":89},[71,27898,27899],{"class":1439},"  # 1\n",[71,27901,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,27903,128],{"class":127},[71,27905,90],{"class":89},[71,27907,134],{"class":133},[71,27909,3993],{"class":89},[71,27911,27912],{"class":1439},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27914,27915,27916,27918],{},"After ",[15,27917,12872],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[350,27920,8758,27922,27924],{"id":27921},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27923,12872],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[62,27926,27928],{"className":64,"code":27927,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27929,27930,27954,27958,27963],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27931,27932,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950,27952],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27933,78],{"class":77},[71,27935,82],{"class":81},[71,27937,1456],{"class":89},[71,27939,3184],{"class":99},[71,27941,94],{"class":103},[71,27943,3184],{"class":99},[71,27945,228],{"class":89},[71,27947,3683],{"class":99},[71,27949,8260],{"class":103},[71,27951,3184],{"class":99},[71,27953,252],{"class":89},[71,27955,27956],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,27957,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,27959,27960],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,27961,27962],{"class":1439},"# This causes an error\n",[71,27964,27965],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,27966,27967],{"class":1439},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27969,27970],{},"Safer version:",[62,27972,27974],{"className":64,"code":27973,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27975,27976,28000,28004],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,27977,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,27979,78],{"class":77},[71,27981,82],{"class":81},[71,27983,1456],{"class":89},[71,27985,3184],{"class":99},[71,27987,94],{"class":103},[71,27989,3184],{"class":99},[71,27991,228],{"class":89},[71,27993,3683],{"class":99},[71,27995,8260],{"class":103},[71,27997,3184],{"class":99},[71,27999,252],{"class":89},[71,28001,28002],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,28003,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,28005,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,28007,128],{"class":127},[71,28009,90],{"class":89},[71,28011,134],{"class":133},[71,28013,60],{"class":89},[71,28015,26360],{"class":133},[71,28017,90],{"class":89},[71,28019,3184],{"class":99},[71,28021,242],{"class":103},[71,28023,3184],{"class":99},[71,28025,109],{"class":89},[71,28027,3683],{"class":99},[71,28029,26892],{"class":103},[71,28031,3184],{"class":99},[71,28033,5697],{"class":89},[71,28035,26928],{"class":1439},[350,28037,8794,28039,28041],{"id":28038},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28040,12872],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[62,28043,28045],{"className":64,"code":28044,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28046,28047,28079,28083,28105,28109,28121],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28048,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28050,78],{"class":77},[71,28052,82],{"class":81},[71,28054,1456],{"class":89},[71,28056,3184],{"class":99},[71,28058,56],{"class":103},[71,28060,3184],{"class":99},[71,28062,228],{"class":89},[71,28064,165],{"class":117},[71,28066,109],{"class":89},[71,28068,3683],{"class":99},[71,28070,176],{"class":103},[71,28072,3184],{"class":99},[71,28074,228],{"class":89},[71,28076,183],{"class":117},[71,28078,252],{"class":89},[71,28080,28081],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,28082,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,28084,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,28086,1102],{"class":77},[71,28088,82],{"class":81},[71,28090,14678],{"class":77},[71,28092,60],{"class":89},[71,28094,26360],{"class":133},[71,28096,90],{"class":89},[71,28098,3184],{"class":99},[71,28100,56],{"class":103},[71,28102,3184],{"class":99},[71,28104,121],{"class":89},[71,28106,28107],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,28108,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,28110,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,28112,128],{"class":127},[71,28114,90],{"class":89},[71,28116,2594],{"class":133},[71,28118,3993],{"class":89},[71,28120,27899],{"class":1439},[71,28122,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,28124,128],{"class":127},[71,28126,90],{"class":89},[71,28128,134],{"class":133},[71,28130,3993],{"class":89},[71,28132,28133],{"class":1439},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28135,28136],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[288,28138,28140],{"id":28139},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28142,28143,28144,28146],{},"Problems with ",[15,28145,12678],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[40,28148,28149,28152,28161,28164],{},[43,28150,28151],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[43,28153,28154,28155,28158,28159],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28156,28157],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28160,26456],{},[43,28162,28163],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[43,28165,28166,28167,2069,28169],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28168,3320],{},[15,28170,28171],{},"\"1\"",[20,28173,28174],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[62,28176,28178],{"className":64,"code":28177,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28179,28180,28204,28208,28238],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28181,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194,28196,28198,28200,28202],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28183,78],{"class":77},[71,28185,82],{"class":81},[71,28187,1456],{"class":89},[71,28189,3184],{"class":99},[71,28191,3320],{"class":103},[71,28193,3184],{"class":99},[71,28195,228],{"class":89},[71,28197,3683],{"class":99},[71,28199,6924],{"class":103},[71,28201,3184],{"class":99},[71,28203,252],{"class":89},[71,28205,28206],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,28207,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,28209,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222,28224,28226,28228,28231,28233,28235],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,28211,128],{"class":127},[71,28213,90],{"class":89},[71,28215,134],{"class":133},[71,28217,60],{"class":89},[71,28219,26360],{"class":133},[71,28221,90],{"class":89},[71,28223,3320],{"class":117},[71,28225,109],{"class":89},[71,28227,3683],{"class":99},[71,28229,28230],{"class":103},"not found",[71,28232,3184],{"class":99},[71,28234,5697],{"class":89},[71,28236,28237],{"class":1439},"    # not found\n",[71,28239,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,28241,128],{"class":127},[71,28243,90],{"class":89},[71,28245,134],{"class":133},[71,28247,60],{"class":89},[71,28249,26360],{"class":133},[71,28251,90],{"class":89},[71,28253,3184],{"class":99},[71,28255,3320],{"class":103},[71,28257,3184],{"class":99},[71,28259,109],{"class":89},[71,28261,3683],{"class":99},[71,28263,28230],{"class":103},[71,28265,3184],{"class":99},[71,28267,5697],{"class":89},[71,28269,28270],{"class":1439},"  # one\n",[20,28272,28273,1560,28275,28277],{},[15,28274,3320],{},[15,28276,28171],{}," are different keys.",[288,28279,9213],{"id":9212},[20,28281,9216,28282,28284],{},[15,28283,12872],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[62,28286,28288],{"className":64,"code":28287,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28289,28290,28300,28314,28332,28362],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28291,28292,28294,28296,28298],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28293,128],{"class":127},[71,28295,90],{"class":89},[71,28297,11556],{"class":133},[71,28299,121],{"class":89},[71,28301,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310,28312],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,28303,128],{"class":127},[71,28305,90],{"class":89},[71,28307,11556],{"class":133},[71,28309,60],{"class":89},[71,28311,17037],{"class":133},[71,28313,7534],{"class":89},[71,28315,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324,28326,28328,28330],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,28317,128],{"class":127},[71,28319,90],{"class":89},[71,28321,100],{"class":99},[71,28323,94],{"class":103},[71,28325,100],{"class":99},[71,28327,21290],{"class":4209},[71,28329,11874],{"class":133},[71,28331,121],{"class":89},[71,28333,28334,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,28335,128],{"class":127},[71,28337,90],{"class":89},[71,28339,11556],{"class":133},[71,28341,60],{"class":89},[71,28343,26360],{"class":133},[71,28345,90],{"class":89},[71,28347,100],{"class":99},[71,28349,94],{"class":103},[71,28351,100],{"class":99},[71,28353,109],{"class":89},[71,28355,231],{"class":99},[71,28357,26892],{"class":103},[71,28359,100],{"class":99},[71,28361,204],{"class":89},[71,28363,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,28365,128],{"class":127},[71,28367,90],{"class":89},[71,28369,735],{"class":85},[71,28371,90],{"class":89},[71,28373,11556],{"class":133},[71,28375,204],{"class":89},[20,28377,21453],{},[40,28379,28380,28385,28390,28395,28401],{},[43,28381,28382,28384],{},[15,28383,12788],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[43,28386,28387,28389],{},[15,28388,21465],{}," shows all available keys",[43,28391,28392,28394],{},[15,28393,21471],{}," checks whether a key exists",[43,28396,28397,28400],{},[15,28398,28399],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[43,28402,28403,28405],{},[15,28404,12794],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28407,28408,28409,60],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[56,28410,339],{"href":338},[288,28412,2163],{"id":2162},[350,28414,28416,28417,28419],{"id":28415},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28418,12872],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28421,28422],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[350,28424,28426],{"id":28425},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28428,28429,26657,28431,28433,28434,28436],{},[15,28430,26456],{},[15,28432,19803],{},". ",[15,28435,26460],{}," returns the default value instead.",[350,28438,12813,28440,15008],{"id":28439},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28441,12872],{},[20,28443,28444],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[350,28446,28448,28449,28451],{"id":28447},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28450,12872],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28453,28454,28455,28457,28458,60],{},"Not with ",[15,28456,12678],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[56,28459,28460],{"href":12689},[15,28461,12879],{},[350,28463,2167,28465,1560,28467,2172],{"id":28464},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28466,1708],{},[15,28468,12872],{},[20,28470,28471,28473,28474,28476],{},[15,28472,1708],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28475,12872],{}," reads and removes it.",[288,28478,2221],{"id":2220},[40,28480,28481,28487,28494,28498,28502,28506],{},[43,28482,28483],{},[56,28484,28485],{"href":1704},[15,28486,19784],{},[43,28488,28489],{},[56,28490,28491],{"href":12689},[15,28492,28493],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[43,28495,28496],{},[56,28497,12896],{"href":12682},[43,28499,28500],{},[56,28501,21574],{"href":16710},[43,28503,28504],{},[56,28505,2248],{"href":2049},[43,28507,28508],{},[56,28509,28511],{"href":28510},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2250,28513,28514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":28516},[28517,28518,28520,28521,28522,28524,28531,28538,28548,28549,28550,28561],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":26467,"depth":124,"text":28519},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":26952,"depth":124,"text":28523},"When to use pop()",{"id":27139,"depth":124,"text":28525,"children":28526},"pop() vs del",[28527,28529],{"id":27154,"depth":139,"text":28528},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27257,"depth":139,"text":28530},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27360,"depth":124,"text":28532,"children":28533},"How to avoid KeyError",[28534,28535,28536],{"id":27369,"depth":139,"text":27370},{"id":27465,"depth":139,"text":27466},{"id":27573,"depth":139,"text":28537},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":28539},[28540,28542,28544,28546],{"id":27683,"depth":139,"text":28541},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27816,"depth":139,"text":28543},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27921,"depth":139,"text":28545},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28038,"depth":139,"text":28547},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28139,"depth":124,"text":28140},{"id":9212,"depth":124,"text":9213},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":28551},[28552,28554,28555,28557,28559],{"id":28415,"depth":139,"text":28553},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28425,"depth":139,"text":28426},{"id":28439,"depth":139,"text":28556},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28447,"depth":139,"text":28558},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28464,"depth":139,"text":28560},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26288,"description":28562},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28569,"title":28493,"body":28570,"description":30510,"extension":2292,"meta":30511,"navigation":142,"path":30512,"seo":30513,"stem":30514,"__hash__":30515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28571,"toc":30474},[28572,28577,28582,28585,28593,28603,28605,28694,28698,28747,28752,28757,28761,28777,28780,28782,28797,28799,28815,28822,28826,28832,28841,28843,28912,28916,28937,28940,28959,28962,28985,28987,28990,29105,29109,29168,29175,29179,29185,29310,29314,29364,29367,29371,29378,29380,29443,29447,29468,29471,29480,29495,29503,29510,29514,29526,29530,29541,29543,29689,29693,29752,29759,29764,29768,29774,29797,29802,29821,29825,29896,29903,29976,29985,29990,29995,30006,30009,30146,30151,30183,30188,30190,30194,30254,30257,30314,30317,30360,30362,30367,30373,30379,30382,30389,30397,30402,30405,30412,30420,30422,30471],[10,28573,11424,28575,11428],{"id":28574},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28576,12879],{},[20,28578,2309,28579,28581],{},[15,28580,12879],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28583,28584],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[40,28586,28587,28590],{},[43,28588,28589],{},"remove an item",[43,28591,28592],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28594,28595,28596,28598,28599,28602],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28597,12879],{}," removes the ",[30,28600,28601],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[288,28604,2334],{"id":2333},[62,28606,28608],{"className":64,"code":28607,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28609,28610,28654,28670,28674,28684],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28611,28612,28614,28616,28618,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28613,78],{"class":77},[71,28615,82],{"class":81},[71,28617,1456],{"class":89},[71,28619,3184],{"class":99},[71,28621,56],{"class":103},[71,28623,3184],{"class":99},[71,28625,228],{"class":89},[71,28627,165],{"class":117},[71,28629,109],{"class":89},[71,28631,3683],{"class":99},[71,28633,176],{"class":103},[71,28635,3184],{"class":99},[71,28637,228],{"class":89},[71,28639,183],{"class":117},[71,28641,109],{"class":89},[71,28643,3683],{"class":99},[71,28645,694],{"class":103},[71,28647,3184],{"class":99},[71,28649,228],{"class":89},[71,28651,701],{"class":117},[71,28653,252],{"class":89},[71,28655,28656,28659,28661,28663,28665,28668],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,28657,28658],{"class":77},"item ",[71,28660,82],{"class":81},[71,28662,14678],{"class":77},[71,28664,60],{"class":89},[71,28666,28667],{"class":133},"popitem",[71,28669,369],{"class":89},[71,28671,28672],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,28673,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,28675,28676,28678,28680,28682],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,28677,128],{"class":127},[71,28679,90],{"class":89},[71,28681,23428],{"class":133},[71,28683,121],{"class":89},[71,28685,28686,28688,28690,28692],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,28687,128],{"class":127},[71,28689,90],{"class":89},[71,28691,134],{"class":133},[71,28693,121],{"class":89},[20,28695,28696],{},[30,28697,209],{},[62,28699,28701],{"className":64,"code":28700,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28702,28703,28719],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28704,28705,28707,28709,28711,28713,28715,28717],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28706,90],{"class":89},[71,28708,100],{"class":99},[71,28710,694],{"class":103},[71,28712,100],{"class":99},[71,28714,109],{"class":89},[71,28716,701],{"class":117},[71,28718,121],{"class":89},[71,28720,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,28722,219],{"class":89},[71,28724,100],{"class":99},[71,28726,56],{"class":103},[71,28728,100],{"class":99},[71,28730,228],{"class":89},[71,28732,165],{"class":117},[71,28734,109],{"class":89},[71,28736,231],{"class":99},[71,28738,176],{"class":103},[71,28740,100],{"class":99},[71,28742,228],{"class":89},[71,28744,183],{"class":117},[71,28746,252],{"class":89},[20,28748,28749,28751],{},[15,28750,12879],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[288,28753,291,28755,294],{"id":28754},"what-popitem-does",[15,28756,12879],{},[20,28758,28759,228],{},[15,28760,12879],{},[40,28762,28763,28766,28771,28774],{},[43,28764,28765],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[43,28767,28768,28769],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28770,21772],{},[43,28772,28773],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[43,28775,28776],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28778,28779],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[288,28781,343],{"id":342},[62,28783,28785],{"className":64,"code":28784,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28786,28787],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28788,28789,28791,28793,28795],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28790,15717],{"class":77},[71,28792,60],{"class":89},[71,28794,28667],{"class":133},[71,28796,369],{"class":89},[20,28798,11565],{},[40,28800,28801,28809,28812],{},[43,28802,28803,28805,28806],{},[15,28804,12879],{}," takes ",[30,28807,28808],{},"no arguments",[43,28810,28811],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[43,28813,28814],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28816,28817,28818,6970],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[56,28819,28820],{"href":12675},[15,28821,12872],{},[288,28823,28825],{"id":28824},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28827,28828,28829,28831],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28830,12879],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28833,28834,28835,28838],"ol",{},[43,28836,28837],{},"the key",[43,28839,28840],{},"the value",[20,28842,2537],{},[62,28844,28846],{"className":64,"code":28845,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28847,28848,28884,28898,28902],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28849,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28851,13315],{"class":77},[71,28853,82],{"class":81},[71,28855,1456],{"class":89},[71,28857,3184],{"class":99},[71,28859,94],{"class":103},[71,28861,3184],{"class":99},[71,28863,228],{"class":89},[71,28865,3683],{"class":99},[71,28867,104],{"class":103},[71,28869,3184],{"class":99},[71,28871,109],{"class":89},[71,28873,3683],{"class":99},[71,28875,242],{"class":103},[71,28877,3184],{"class":99},[71,28879,228],{"class":89},[71,28881,249],{"class":117},[71,28883,252],{"class":89},[71,28885,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,28887,1102],{"class":77},[71,28889,82],{"class":81},[71,28891,13358],{"class":77},[71,28893,60],{"class":89},[71,28895,28667],{"class":133},[71,28897,369],{"class":89},[71,28899,28900],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,28901,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,28903,28904,28906,28908,28910],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,28905,128],{"class":127},[71,28907,90],{"class":89},[71,28909,2594],{"class":133},[71,28911,121],{"class":89},[20,28913,28914],{},[30,28915,209],{},[62,28917,28919],{"className":64,"code":28918,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28920,28921],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28922,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28924,90],{"class":89},[71,28926,100],{"class":99},[71,28928,242],{"class":103},[71,28930,100],{"class":99},[71,28932,109],{"class":89},[71,28934,249],{"class":117},[71,28936,121],{"class":89},[20,28938,28939],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[62,28941,28943],{"className":64,"code":28942,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28944,28945],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28946,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28948,1102],{"class":77},[71,28950,82],{"class":81},[71,28952,13358],{"class":77},[71,28954,60],{"class":89},[71,28956,28667],{"class":133},[71,28958,369],{"class":89},[20,28960,28961],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[62,28963,28965],{"className":64,"code":28964,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28966,28967],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28968,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28970,14953],{"class":77},[71,28972,109],{"class":89},[71,28974,21701],{"class":77},[71,28976,82],{"class":81},[71,28978,13358],{"class":77},[71,28980,60],{"class":89},[71,28982,28667],{"class":133},[71,28984,369],{"class":89},[288,28986,11582],{"id":11581},[20,28988,28989],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[62,28991,28993],{"className":64,"code":28992,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28994,28995,29043,29047,29062,29066,29086],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,28996,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29027,29029,29031,29034,29036,29038,29041],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,28998,5400],{"class":77},[71,29000,82],{"class":81},[71,29002,1456],{"class":89},[71,29004,3184],{"class":99},[71,29006,29007],{"class":103},"Tom",[71,29009,3184],{"class":99},[71,29011,228],{"class":89},[71,29013,5412],{"class":117},[71,29015,109],{"class":89},[71,29017,3683],{"class":99},[71,29019,12990],{"class":103},[71,29021,3184],{"class":99},[71,29023,228],{"class":89},[71,29025,29026],{"class":117}," 95",[71,29028,109],{"class":89},[71,29030,3683],{"class":99},[71,29032,29033],{"class":103},"Leo",[71,29035,3184],{"class":99},[71,29037,228],{"class":89},[71,29039,29040],{"class":117}," 88",[71,29042,252],{"class":89},[71,29044,29045],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29046,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29048,29049,29052,29054,29056,29058,29060],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,29050,29051],{"class":77},"removed_pair ",[71,29053,82],{"class":81},[71,29055,5447],{"class":77},[71,29057,60],{"class":89},[71,29059,28667],{"class":133},[71,29061,369],{"class":89},[71,29063,29064],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,29065,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29067,29068,29070,29072,29074,29077,29079,29081,29084],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,29069,128],{"class":127},[71,29071,90],{"class":89},[71,29073,3184],{"class":99},[71,29075,29076],{"class":103},"Removed:",[71,29078,3184],{"class":99},[71,29080,109],{"class":89},[71,29082,29083],{"class":133}," removed_pair",[71,29085,121],{"class":89},[71,29087,29088,29090,29092,29094,29097,29099,29101,29103],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,29089,128],{"class":127},[71,29091,90],{"class":89},[71,29093,3184],{"class":99},[71,29095,29096],{"class":103},"After removal:",[71,29098,3184],{"class":99},[71,29100,109],{"class":89},[71,29102,5447],{"class":133},[71,29104,121],{"class":89},[20,29106,29107],{},[30,29108,209],{},[62,29110,29112],{"className":64,"code":29111,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29113,29114,29135],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29115,29116,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29117,29118],{"class":77},"Removed",[71,29120,228],{"class":89},[71,29122,171],{"class":89},[71,29124,100],{"class":99},[71,29126,29033],{"class":103},[71,29128,100],{"class":99},[71,29130,109],{"class":89},[71,29132,29040],{"class":117},[71,29134,121],{"class":89},[71,29136,29137,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29138,29139],{"class":77},"After removal",[71,29141,228],{"class":89},[71,29143,1456],{"class":89},[71,29145,100],{"class":99},[71,29147,29007],{"class":103},[71,29149,100],{"class":99},[71,29151,228],{"class":89},[71,29153,5412],{"class":117},[71,29155,109],{"class":89},[71,29157,231],{"class":99},[71,29159,12990],{"class":103},[71,29161,100],{"class":99},[71,29163,228],{"class":89},[71,29165,29026],{"class":117},[71,29167,252],{"class":89},[20,29169,29170,29171,29174],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29172,29173],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[288,29176,29178],{"id":29177},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29180,29181,29182,29184],{},"Because ",[15,29183,12879],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[62,29186,29188],{"className":64,"code":29187,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29189,29190,29226,29230,29249,29253,29272,29291],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29191,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222,29224],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29193,15560],{"class":77},[71,29195,82],{"class":81},[71,29197,1456],{"class":89},[71,29199,3184],{"class":99},[71,29201,15571],{"class":103},[71,29203,3184],{"class":99},[71,29205,228],{"class":89},[71,29207,3683],{"class":99},[71,29209,15580],{"class":103},[71,29211,3184],{"class":99},[71,29213,109],{"class":89},[71,29215,3683],{"class":99},[71,29217,15591],{"class":103},[71,29219,3184],{"class":99},[71,29221,228],{"class":89},[71,29223,27026],{"class":117},[71,29225,252],{"class":89},[71,29227,29228],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29229,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29231,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29243,29245,29247],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,29233,14953],{"class":77},[71,29235,109],{"class":89},[71,29237,21701],{"class":77},[71,29239,82],{"class":81},[71,29241,29242],{"class":77}," book",[71,29244,60],{"class":89},[71,29246,28667],{"class":133},[71,29248,369],{"class":89},[71,29250,29251],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,29252,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29254,29255,29257,29259,29261,29264,29266,29268,29270],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,29256,128],{"class":127},[71,29258,90],{"class":89},[71,29260,3184],{"class":99},[71,29262,29263],{"class":103},"Key:",[71,29265,3184],{"class":99},[71,29267,109],{"class":89},[71,29269,21696],{"class":133},[71,29271,121],{"class":89},[71,29273,29274,29276,29278,29280,29283,29285,29287,29289],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,29275,128],{"class":127},[71,29277,90],{"class":89},[71,29279,3184],{"class":99},[71,29281,29282],{"class":103},"Value:",[71,29284,3184],{"class":99},[71,29286,109],{"class":89},[71,29288,8774],{"class":133},[71,29290,121],{"class":89},[71,29292,29293,29295,29297,29299,29302,29304,29306,29308],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,29294,128],{"class":127},[71,29296,90],{"class":89},[71,29298,3184],{"class":99},[71,29300,29301],{"class":103},"Dictionary:",[71,29303,3184],{"class":99},[71,29305,109],{"class":89},[71,29307,29242],{"class":133},[71,29309,121],{"class":89},[20,29311,29312],{},[30,29313,209],{},[62,29315,29317],{"className":64,"code":29316,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29318,29319,29329,29339],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29320,29321,29324,29326],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29322,29323],{"class":77},"Key",[71,29325,228],{"class":89},[71,29327,29328],{"class":77}," pages\n",[71,29330,29331,29334,29336],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29332,29333],{"class":77},"Value",[71,29335,228],{"class":89},[71,29337,29338],{"class":117}," 200\n",[71,29340,29341,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,29342,29343],{"class":77},"Dictionary",[71,29345,228],{"class":89},[71,29347,1456],{"class":89},[71,29349,100],{"class":99},[71,29351,15571],{"class":103},[71,29353,100],{"class":99},[71,29355,228],{"class":89},[71,29357,231],{"class":99},[71,29359,15580],{"class":103},[71,29361,100],{"class":99},[71,29363,252],{"class":89},[20,29365,29366],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[288,29368,29370],{"id":29369},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29372,29373,29374,28598,29376,60],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29375,12879],{},[30,29377,28601],{},[20,29379,2537],{},[62,29381,29383],{"className":64,"code":29382,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29384,29385,29429],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29386,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29388,78],{"class":77},[71,29390,82],{"class":81},[71,29392,1456],{"class":89},[71,29394,3184],{"class":99},[71,29396,1986],{"class":103},[71,29398,3184],{"class":99},[71,29400,228],{"class":89},[71,29402,165],{"class":117},[71,29404,109],{"class":89},[71,29406,3683],{"class":99},[71,29408,11853],{"class":103},[71,29410,3184],{"class":99},[71,29412,228],{"class":89},[71,29414,183],{"class":117},[71,29416,109],{"class":89},[71,29418,3683],{"class":99},[71,29420,22194],{"class":103},[71,29422,3184],{"class":99},[71,29424,228],{"class":89},[71,29426,701],{"class":117},[71,29428,252],{"class":89},[71,29430,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29432,128],{"class":127},[71,29434,90],{"class":89},[71,29436,134],{"class":133},[71,29438,60],{"class":89},[71,29440,28667],{"class":133},[71,29442,7534],{"class":89},[20,29444,29445],{},[30,29446,209],{},[62,29448,29450],{"className":64,"code":29449,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29451,29452],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29453,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29455,90],{"class":89},[71,29457,100],{"class":99},[71,29459,22194],{"class":103},[71,29461,100],{"class":99},[71,29463,109],{"class":89},[71,29465,701],{"class":117},[71,29467,121],{"class":89},[20,29469,29470],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29472,29473,29474,29476,29477,29479],{},"As a beginner, do ",[30,29475,4967],{}," think of ",[15,29478,12879],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29481,29482,29483,2518,29487,17186,29491,60],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[56,29484,29485],{"href":17189},[15,29486,17192],{},[56,29488,29489],{"href":17176},[15,29490,17179],{},[56,29492,29493],{"href":17182},[15,29494,17185],{},[288,29496,29498,29499,1560,29501],{"id":29497},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29500,12879],{},[15,29502,12872],{},[20,29504,29505,1560,29507,29509],{},[15,29506,12879],{},[15,29508,12872],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[350,29511,29512],{"id":28667},[15,29513,12879],{},[40,29515,29516,29519,29522],{},[43,29517,29518],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[43,29520,29521],{},"does not need a key argument",[43,29523,4023,29524],{},[15,29525,21772],{},[350,29527,29528],{"id":26360},[15,29529,12872],{},[40,29531,29532,29535,29538],{},[43,29533,29534],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[43,29536,29537],{},"needs the key name",[43,29539,29540],{},"returns only the value",[20,29542,2537],{},[62,29544,29546],{"className":64,"code":29545,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29547,29548,29592,29596,29610,29630,29634,29656,29675,29679],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29549,29550,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568,29570,29572,29574,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29551,78],{"class":77},[71,29553,82],{"class":81},[71,29555,1456],{"class":89},[71,29557,3184],{"class":99},[71,29559,56],{"class":103},[71,29561,3184],{"class":99},[71,29563,228],{"class":89},[71,29565,165],{"class":117},[71,29567,109],{"class":89},[71,29569,3683],{"class":99},[71,29571,176],{"class":103},[71,29573,3184],{"class":99},[71,29575,228],{"class":89},[71,29577,183],{"class":117},[71,29579,109],{"class":89},[71,29581,3683],{"class":99},[71,29583,694],{"class":103},[71,29585,3184],{"class":99},[71,29587,228],{"class":89},[71,29589,701],{"class":117},[71,29591,252],{"class":89},[71,29593,29594],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29595,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29597,29598,29600,29602,29604,29606,29608],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,29599,28658],{"class":77},[71,29601,82],{"class":81},[71,29603,14678],{"class":77},[71,29605,60],{"class":89},[71,29607,28667],{"class":133},[71,29609,369],{"class":89},[71,29611,29612,29614,29616,29618,29621,29623,29625,29628],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,29613,128],{"class":127},[71,29615,90],{"class":89},[71,29617,3184],{"class":99},[71,29619,29620],{"class":103},"popitem():",[71,29622,3184],{"class":99},[71,29624,109],{"class":89},[71,29626,29627],{"class":133}," item",[71,29629,121],{"class":89},[71,29631,29632],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,29633,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29635,29636,29638,29640,29642,29644,29646,29648,29650,29652,29654],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,29637,2778],{"class":77},[71,29639,82],{"class":81},[71,29641,14678],{"class":77},[71,29643,60],{"class":89},[71,29645,26360],{"class":133},[71,29647,90],{"class":89},[71,29649,3184],{"class":99},[71,29651,56],{"class":103},[71,29653,3184],{"class":99},[71,29655,121],{"class":89},[71,29657,29658,29660,29662,29664,29667,29669,29671,29673],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,29659,128],{"class":127},[71,29661,90],{"class":89},[71,29663,3184],{"class":99},[71,29665,29666],{"class":103},"pop('a'):",[71,29668,3184],{"class":99},[71,29670,109],{"class":89},[71,29672,8774],{"class":133},[71,29674,121],{"class":89},[71,29676,29677],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,29678,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29680,29681,29683,29685,29687],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,29682,128],{"class":127},[71,29684,90],{"class":89},[71,29686,134],{"class":133},[71,29688,121],{"class":89},[20,29690,29691],{},[30,29692,209],{},[62,29694,29696],{"className":64,"code":29695,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29697,29698,29719,29736],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29699,29700,29702,29705,29707,29709,29711,29713,29715,29717],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29701,28667],{"class":133},[71,29703,29704],{"class":89},"():",[71,29706,171],{"class":89},[71,29708,100],{"class":99},[71,29710,694],{"class":103},[71,29712,100],{"class":99},[71,29714,109],{"class":89},[71,29716,701],{"class":117},[71,29718,121],{"class":89},[71,29720,29721,29723,29725,29727,29729,29731,29733],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29722,26360],{"class":133},[71,29724,90],{"class":89},[71,29726,100],{"class":99},[71,29728,56],{"class":103},[71,29730,100],{"class":99},[71,29732,16565],{"class":89},[71,29734,29735],{"class":117}," 1\n",[71,29737,29738,29740,29742,29744,29746,29748,29750],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,29739,219],{"class":89},[71,29741,100],{"class":99},[71,29743,176],{"class":103},[71,29745,100],{"class":99},[71,29747,228],{"class":89},[71,29749,183],{"class":117},[71,29751,252],{"class":89},[20,29753,283,29754,29758],{},[56,29755,29756],{"href":12675},[15,29757,12872],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29760,283,29761,29763],{},[15,29762,12879],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[288,29765,29767],{"id":29766},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29769,29770,29771,29773],{},"Calling ",[15,29772,12879],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[62,29775,29777],{"className":64,"code":29776,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29778,29779,29787],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29780,29781,29783,29785],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29782,78],{"class":77},[71,29784,82],{"class":81},[71,29786,799],{"class":89},[71,29788,29789,29791,29793,29795],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29790,134],{"class":77},[71,29792,60],{"class":89},[71,29794,28667],{"class":133},[71,29796,369],{"class":89},[20,29798,29799],{},[30,29800,29801],{},"Error:",[62,29803,29805],{"className":64,"code":29804,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29806,29807],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29808,29809,29811,29813,29815,29818],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29810,19803],{"class":85},[71,29812,228],{"class":89},[71,29814,231],{"class":99},[71,29816,29817],{"class":103},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[71,29819,29820],{"class":99},"'\n",[350,29822,29824],{"id":29823},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[62,29826,29828],{"className":64,"code":29827,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29829,29830,29838,29842,29850,29865,29875,29881],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29831,29832,29834,29836],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29833,78],{"class":77},[71,29835,82],{"class":81},[71,29837,799],{"class":89},[71,29839,29840],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29841,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29843,29844,29846,29848],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,29845,7337],{"class":4209},[71,29847,14678],{"class":77},[71,29849,6731],{"class":89},[71,29851,29852,29855,29857,29859,29861,29863],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,29853,29854],{"class":77},"    item ",[71,29856,82],{"class":81},[71,29858,14678],{"class":77},[71,29860,60],{"class":89},[71,29862,28667],{"class":133},[71,29864,369],{"class":89},[71,29866,29867,29869,29871,29873],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,29868,8408],{"class":127},[71,29870,90],{"class":89},[71,29872,23428],{"class":133},[71,29874,121],{"class":89},[71,29876,29877,29879],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,29878,27553],{"class":4209},[71,29880,6731],{"class":89},[71,29882,29883,29885,29887,29889,29892,29894],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,29884,8408],{"class":127},[71,29886,90],{"class":89},[71,29888,3184],{"class":99},[71,29890,29891],{"class":103},"Dictionary is empty",[71,29893,3184],{"class":99},[71,29895,121],{"class":89},[350,29897,29899,29900],{"id":29898},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29901,29902],{},"try-except",[62,29904,29906],{"className":64,"code":29905,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29907,29908,29916,29920,29927,29941,29951,29961],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,29909,29910,29912,29914],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,29911,78],{"class":77},[71,29913,82],{"class":81},[71,29915,799],{"class":89},[71,29917,29918],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,29919,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,29921,29922,29925],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,29923,29924],{"class":4209},"try",[71,29926,6731],{"class":89},[71,29928,29929,29931,29933,29935,29937,29939],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,29930,29854],{"class":77},[71,29932,82],{"class":81},[71,29934,14678],{"class":77},[71,29936,60],{"class":89},[71,29938,28667],{"class":133},[71,29940,369],{"class":89},[71,29942,29943,29945,29947,29949],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,29944,8408],{"class":127},[71,29946,90],{"class":89},[71,29948,23428],{"class":133},[71,29950,121],{"class":89},[71,29952,29953,29956,29959],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,29954,29955],{"class":4209},"except",[71,29957,29958],{"class":85}," KeyError",[71,29960,6731],{"class":89},[71,29962,29963,29965,29967,29969,29972,29974],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,29964,8408],{"class":127},[71,29966,90],{"class":89},[71,29968,3184],{"class":99},[71,29970,29971],{"class":103},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[71,29973,3184],{"class":99},[71,29975,121],{"class":89},[20,29977,29978,29979,60],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[56,29980,25798,29982],{"href":29981},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29983,29984],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[288,29986,5298,29988],{"id":29987},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29989,12879],{},[20,29991,29992,29994],{},[15,29993,12879],{}," is useful when:",[40,29996,29997,30000,30003],{},[43,29998,29999],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[43,30001,30002],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[43,30004,30005],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30007,30008],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[62,30010,30012],{"className":64,"code":30011,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30013,30014,30023,30043,30063,30081,30085,30089,30099,30118],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30015,30016,30019,30021],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30017,30018],{"class":77},"tasks ",[71,30020,82],{"class":81},[71,30022,11600],{"class":89},[71,30024,30025,30027,30030,30032,30034,30036,30039,30041],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,30026,11605],{"class":99},[71,30028,30029],{"class":103},"first",[71,30031,3184],{"class":99},[71,30033,228],{"class":89},[71,30035,3683],{"class":99},[71,30037,30038],{"class":103},"wash dishes",[71,30040,3184],{"class":99},[71,30042,11621],{"class":89},[71,30044,30045,30047,30050,30052,30054,30056,30059,30061],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,30046,11605],{"class":99},[71,30048,30049],{"class":103},"second",[71,30051,3184],{"class":99},[71,30053,228],{"class":89},[71,30055,3683],{"class":99},[71,30057,30058],{"class":103},"do homework",[71,30060,3184],{"class":99},[71,30062,11621],{"class":89},[71,30064,30065,30067,30070,30072,30074,30076,30079],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,30066,11605],{"class":99},[71,30068,30069],{"class":103},"third",[71,30071,3184],{"class":99},[71,30073,228],{"class":89},[71,30075,3683],{"class":99},[71,30077,30078],{"class":103},"read book",[71,30080,3689],{"class":99},[71,30082,30083],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,30084,252],{"class":89},[71,30086,30087],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,30088,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,30090,30091,30094,30097],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,30092,30093],{"class":4209},"while",[71,30095,30096],{"class":77}," tasks",[71,30098,6731],{"class":89},[71,30100,30101,30104,30106,30108,30110,30112,30114,30116],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,30102,30103],{"class":77},"    key",[71,30105,109],{"class":89},[71,30107,21701],{"class":77},[71,30109,82],{"class":81},[71,30111,30096],{"class":77},[71,30113,60],{"class":89},[71,30115,28667],{"class":133},[71,30117,369],{"class":89},[71,30119,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,30121,8408],{"class":127},[71,30123,90],{"class":89},[71,30125,22411],{"class":768},[71,30127,3184],{"class":103},[71,30129,219],{"class":117},[71,30131,14953],{"class":133},[71,30133,22420],{"class":117},[71,30135,22423],{"class":103},[71,30137,219],{"class":117},[71,30139,2804],{"class":133},[71,30141,22420],{"class":117},[71,30143,3184],{"class":103},[71,30145,121],{"class":89},[20,30147,30148],{},[30,30149,30150],{},"Possible output:",[62,30152,30154],{"className":64,"code":30153,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30155,30156,30165,30174],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30157,30158,30160,30162],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30159,30069],{"class":77},[71,30161,228],{"class":89},[71,30163,30164],{"class":77}," read book\n",[71,30166,30167,30169,30171],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,30168,30049],{"class":77},[71,30170,228],{"class":89},[71,30172,30173],{"class":77}," do homework\n",[71,30175,30176,30178,30180],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,30177,30029],{"class":77},[71,30179,228],{"class":89},[71,30181,30182],{"class":77}," wash dishes\n",[20,30184,29181,30185,30187],{},[15,30186,12879],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[288,30189,2054],{"id":2053},[20,30191,14845,30192,228],{},[15,30193,12879],{},[40,30195,30196,30210,30229,30240],{},[43,30197,30198,30203],{},[30,30199,29770,30200,30202],{},[15,30201,12879],{}," on an empty dictionary",[40,30204,30205],{},[43,30206,30207,30208,60],{},"This raises ",[15,30209,19803],{},[43,30211,30212,30217],{},[30,30213,8794,30214,30216],{},[15,30215,12879],{}," to remove a specific key",[40,30218,30219,30222],{},[43,30220,30221],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[43,30223,283,30224,30228],{},[56,30225,30226],{"href":12675},[15,30227,12872],{}," if you need that.",[43,30230,30231,30235],{},[30,30232,5041,30233,27819],{},[15,30234,12879],{},[40,30236,30237],{},[43,30238,30239],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[43,30241,30242,30245],{},[30,30243,30244],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[40,30246,30247],{},[43,30248,30249,22092,30251,30253],{},[15,30250,12879],{},[15,30252,21772],{}," tuple.",[20,30255,30256],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[62,30258,30260],{"className":64,"code":30259,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30261,30262,30272,30286,30290,30304],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30263,30264,30266,30268,30270],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30265,128],{"class":127},[71,30267,90],{"class":89},[71,30269,11556],{"class":133},[71,30271,121],{"class":89},[71,30273,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,30275,128],{"class":127},[71,30277,90],{"class":89},[71,30279,2139],{"class":127},[71,30281,90],{"class":89},[71,30283,11556],{"class":133},[71,30285,204],{"class":89},[71,30287,30288],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,30289,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,30291,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,30293,28658],{"class":77},[71,30295,82],{"class":81},[71,30297,11874],{"class":77},[71,30299,60],{"class":89},[71,30301,28667],{"class":133},[71,30303,369],{"class":89},[71,30305,30306,30308,30310,30312],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,30307,128],{"class":127},[71,30309,90],{"class":89},[71,30311,23428],{"class":133},[71,30313,121],{"class":89},[20,30315,30316],{},"Or with unpacking:",[62,30318,30320],{"className":64,"code":30319,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30321,30322,30340,30350],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30323,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30325,14953],{"class":77},[71,30327,109],{"class":89},[71,30329,21701],{"class":77},[71,30331,82],{"class":81},[71,30333,11874],{"class":77},[71,30335,60],{"class":89},[71,30337,28667],{"class":133},[71,30339,369],{"class":89},[71,30341,30342,30344,30346,30348],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,30343,128],{"class":127},[71,30345,90],{"class":89},[71,30347,14953],{"class":133},[71,30349,121],{"class":89},[71,30351,30352,30354,30356,30358],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,30353,128],{"class":127},[71,30355,90],{"class":89},[71,30357,2804],{"class":133},[71,30359,121],{"class":89},[288,30361,2163],{"id":2162},[350,30363,5479,30365,5482],{"id":30364},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30366,12879],{},[20,30368,30369,30370,60],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30371,30372],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[350,30374,12813,30376,30378],{"id":30375},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30377,12879],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30380,30381],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[350,30383,30385,30386,30388],{"id":30384},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30387,12879],{}," removes?",[20,30390,30391,30392,30396],{},"No. Use ",[56,30393,30394],{"href":12675},[15,30395,12872],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[350,30398,12813,30400,15008],{"id":30399},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30401,12879],{},[20,30403,30404],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[350,30406,30408,30409,30411],{"id":30407},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30410,12879],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30413,30414,30415,30417,30418,60],{},"It raises ",[15,30416,19803],{}," with the message ",[15,30419,29817],{},[288,30421,2221],{"id":2220},[40,30423,30424,30431,30437,30443,30449,30456,30460,30464],{},[43,30425,30426],{},[56,30427,30428,30430],{"href":12675},[15,30429,12872],{}," method for dictionaries",[43,30432,30433],{},[56,30434,30435,30430],{"href":17189},[15,30436,17192],{},[43,30438,30439],{},[56,30440,30441,30430],{"href":17176},[15,30442,17179],{},[43,30444,30445],{},[56,30446,30447,30430],{"href":17182},[15,30448,17185],{},[43,30450,30451],{},[56,30452,30454,30430],{"href":30453},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30455,11427],{},[43,30457,30458],{},[56,30459,12896],{"href":12682},[43,30461,30462],{},[56,30463,21574],{"href":16710},[43,30465,30466],{},[56,30467,30468,30469],{"href":29981},"Fix ",[15,30470,29984],{},[2250,30472,30473],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":30475},[30476,30477,30479,30480,30481,30482,30483,30484,30489,30494,30496,30497,30509],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":28754,"depth":124,"text":30478},"What popitem() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":28824,"depth":124,"text":28825},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":29177,"depth":124,"text":29178},{"id":29369,"depth":124,"text":29370},{"id":29497,"depth":124,"text":30485,"children":30486},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30487,30488],{"id":28667,"depth":139,"text":12879},{"id":26360,"depth":139,"text":12872},{"id":29766,"depth":124,"text":29767,"children":30490},[30491,30492],{"id":29823,"depth":139,"text":29824},{"id":29898,"depth":139,"text":30493},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29987,"depth":124,"text":30495},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":30498},[30499,30501,30503,30505,30507],{"id":30364,"depth":139,"text":30500},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30375,"depth":139,"text":30502},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30384,"depth":139,"text":30504},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30399,"depth":139,"text":30506},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30407,"depth":139,"text":30508},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28493,"description":30510},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30517,"title":30518,"body":30519,"description":32422,"extension":2292,"meta":32423,"navigation":142,"path":14144,"seo":32424,"stem":32425,"__hash__":32426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30520,"toc":32394},[30521,30526,30531,30534,30536,30633,30638,30643,30648,30651,30659,30662,30677,30679,30779,30781,30838,30842,30844,30847,30867,30872,30883,30886,30913,30916,30918,30975,30977,30998,31004,31009,31012,31023,31025,31133,31135,31188,31190,31202,31209,31215,31220,31223,31311,31313,31358,31361,31369,31372,31375,31444,31447,31450,31454,31457,31528,31530,31583,31586,31589,31592,31607,31610,31622,31625,31688,31690,31696,31698,31700,31779,31781,31822,31824,31889,31891,31928,31933,31938,31942,31956,31959,32082,32084,32169,32174,32176,32180,32202,32205,32285,32288,32307,32312,32314,32320,32325,32331,32334,32340,32343,32349,32354,32360,32366,32368,32391],[10,30522,11424,30524,11428],{"id":30523},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30525,15066],{},[20,30527,2309,30528,30530],{},[15,30529,15066],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30532,30533],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[288,30535,2334],{"id":2333},[62,30537,30539],{"className":64,"code":30538,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30540,30541,30577,30618,30628],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30542,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30544,13315],{"class":77},[71,30546,82],{"class":81},[71,30548,1456],{"class":89},[71,30550,3184],{"class":99},[71,30552,94],{"class":103},[71,30554,3184],{"class":99},[71,30556,228],{"class":89},[71,30558,3683],{"class":99},[71,30560,12990],{"class":103},[71,30562,3184],{"class":99},[71,30564,109],{"class":89},[71,30566,3683],{"class":99},[71,30568,242],{"class":103},[71,30570,3184],{"class":99},[71,30572,228],{"class":89},[71,30574,8129],{"class":117},[71,30576,252],{"class":89},[71,30578,30579,30581,30583,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,30580,17421],{"class":77},[71,30582,60],{"class":89},[71,30584,30585],{"class":133},"update",[71,30587,5865],{"class":89},[71,30589,3184],{"class":99},[71,30591,242],{"class":103},[71,30593,3184],{"class":99},[71,30595,228],{"class":89},[71,30597,30598],{"class":117}," 21",[71,30600,109],{"class":89},[71,30602,3683],{"class":99},[71,30604,1373],{"class":103},[71,30606,3184],{"class":99},[71,30608,228],{"class":89},[71,30610,3683],{"class":99},[71,30612,16144],{"class":103},[71,30614,3184],{"class":99},[71,30616,30617],{"class":89},"})\n",[71,30619,30620,30622,30624,30626],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,30621,128],{"class":127},[71,30623,90],{"class":89},[71,30625,17421],{"class":133},[71,30627,121],{"class":89},[71,30629,30630],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,30631,30632],{"class":1439},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30634,283,30635,30637],{},[15,30636,15066],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[288,30639,291,30641,294],{"id":30640},"what-update-does",[15,30642,15066],{},[20,30644,30645,30647],{},[15,30646,15066],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30649,30650],{},"It can do two main things:",[40,30652,30653,30656],{},[43,30654,30655],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[43,30657,30658],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30660,30661],{},"Important things to know:",[40,30663,30664,30667,30670,30674],{},[43,30665,30666],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[43,30668,30669],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[43,30671,5485,30672],{},[15,30673,4110],{},[43,30675,30676],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30678,2537],{},[62,30680,30682],{"className":64,"code":30681,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30683,30684,30726,30769],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30685,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30722,30724],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30687,12973],{"class":77},[71,30689,82],{"class":81},[71,30691,1456],{"class":89},[71,30693,3184],{"class":99},[71,30695,94],{"class":103},[71,30697,3184],{"class":99},[71,30699,228],{"class":89},[71,30701,3683],{"class":99},[71,30703,30704],{"class":103},"Mira",[71,30706,3184],{"class":99},[71,30708,109],{"class":89},[71,30710,3683],{"class":99},[71,30712,20007],{"class":103},[71,30714,3184],{"class":99},[71,30716,228],{"class":89},[71,30718,3683],{"class":99},[71,30720,30721],{"class":103},"B",[71,30723,3184],{"class":99},[71,30725,252],{"class":89},[71,30727,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30765,30767],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,30729,13737],{"class":77},[71,30731,60],{"class":89},[71,30733,30585],{"class":133},[71,30735,5865],{"class":89},[71,30737,3184],{"class":99},[71,30739,20007],{"class":103},[71,30741,3184],{"class":99},[71,30743,228],{"class":89},[71,30745,3683],{"class":99},[71,30747,22362],{"class":103},[71,30749,3184],{"class":99},[71,30751,109],{"class":89},[71,30753,3683],{"class":99},[71,30755,1373],{"class":103},[71,30757,3184],{"class":99},[71,30759,228],{"class":89},[71,30761,3683],{"class":99},[71,30763,30764],{"class":103},"Quito",[71,30766,3184],{"class":99},[71,30768,30617],{"class":89},[71,30770,30771,30773,30775,30777],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,30772,128],{"class":127},[71,30774,90],{"class":89},[71,30776,13737],{"class":133},[71,30778,121],{"class":89},[20,30780,209],{},[62,30782,30784],{"className":64,"code":30783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30785,30786],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30787,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30789,219],{"class":89},[71,30791,100],{"class":99},[71,30793,94],{"class":103},[71,30795,100],{"class":99},[71,30797,228],{"class":89},[71,30799,231],{"class":99},[71,30801,30704],{"class":103},[71,30803,100],{"class":99},[71,30805,109],{"class":89},[71,30807,231],{"class":99},[71,30809,20007],{"class":103},[71,30811,100],{"class":99},[71,30813,228],{"class":89},[71,30815,231],{"class":99},[71,30817,22362],{"class":103},[71,30819,100],{"class":99},[71,30821,109],{"class":89},[71,30823,231],{"class":99},[71,30825,1373],{"class":103},[71,30827,100],{"class":99},[71,30829,228],{"class":89},[71,30831,231],{"class":99},[71,30833,30764],{"class":103},[71,30835,100],{"class":99},[71,30837,252],{"class":89},[20,30839,54,30840,60],{},[56,30841,24746],{"href":338},[288,30843,343],{"id":342},[20,30845,30846],{},"The basic form is:",[62,30848,30850],{"className":64,"code":30849,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30851,30852],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30853,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30865],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30855,15717],{"class":77},[71,30857,60],{"class":89},[71,30859,30585],{"class":133},[71,30861,90],{"class":89},[71,30863,30864],{"class":133},"other",[71,30866,121],{"class":89},[20,30868,30869,30871],{},[15,30870,30864],{}," can be:",[40,30873,30874,30877,30880],{},[43,30875,30876],{},"Another dictionary",[43,30878,30879],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[43,30881,30882],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30884,30885],{},"You can also use:",[62,30887,30889],{"className":64,"code":30888,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30890,30891],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30892,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30894,15717],{"class":77},[71,30896,60],{"class":89},[71,30898,30585],{"class":133},[71,30900,90],{"class":89},[71,30902,94],{"class":93},[71,30904,82],{"class":81},[71,30906,3184],{"class":99},[71,30908,1470],{"class":103},[71,30910,3184],{"class":99},[71,30912,121],{"class":89},[20,30914,30915],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30917,2537],{},[62,30919,30921],{"className":64,"code":30920,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30922,30923,30943,30965],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30924,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30926,78],{"class":77},[71,30928,82],{"class":81},[71,30930,1456],{"class":89},[71,30932,3184],{"class":99},[71,30934,56],{"class":103},[71,30936,3184],{"class":99},[71,30938,228],{"class":89},[71,30940,165],{"class":117},[71,30942,252],{"class":89},[71,30944,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,30946,134],{"class":77},[71,30948,60],{"class":89},[71,30950,30585],{"class":133},[71,30952,5865],{"class":89},[71,30954,3184],{"class":99},[71,30956,56],{"class":103},[71,30958,3184],{"class":99},[71,30960,228],{"class":89},[71,30962,6341],{"class":117},[71,30964,30617],{"class":89},[71,30966,30967,30969,30971,30973],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,30968,128],{"class":127},[71,30970,90],{"class":89},[71,30972,134],{"class":133},[71,30974,121],{"class":89},[20,30976,209],{},[62,30978,30980],{"className":64,"code":30979,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30981,30982],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,30983,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,30985,219],{"class":89},[71,30987,100],{"class":99},[71,30989,56],{"class":103},[71,30991,100],{"class":99},[71,30993,228],{"class":89},[71,30995,6341],{"class":117},[71,30997,252],{"class":89},[288,30999,8758,31001,31003],{"id":31000},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31002,15066],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31005,31006,31007,60],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31008,15066],{},[20,31010,31011],{},"It is useful when:",[40,31013,31014,31017,31020],{},[43,31015,31016],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[43,31018,31019],{},"Adding extra settings",[43,31021,31022],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31024,2537],{},[62,31026,31028],{"className":64,"code":31027,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31029,31030,31067,31104,31108,31123],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31031,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31065],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31033,13937],{"class":77},[71,31035,82],{"class":81},[71,31037,1456],{"class":89},[71,31039,3184],{"class":99},[71,31041,12603],{"class":103},[71,31043,3184],{"class":99},[71,31045,228],{"class":89},[71,31047,3683],{"class":99},[71,31049,21044],{"class":103},[71,31051,3184],{"class":99},[71,31053,109],{"class":89},[71,31055,3683],{"class":99},[71,31057,13962],{"class":103},[71,31059,3184],{"class":99},[71,31061,228],{"class":89},[71,31063,31064],{"class":117}," 12",[71,31066,252],{"class":89},[71,31068,31069,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,31070,31071],{"class":77},"new_settings ",[71,31073,82],{"class":81},[71,31075,1456],{"class":89},[71,31077,3184],{"class":99},[71,31079,13962],{"class":103},[71,31081,3184],{"class":99},[71,31083,228],{"class":89},[71,31085,13969],{"class":117},[71,31087,109],{"class":89},[71,31089,3683],{"class":99},[71,31091,20239],{"class":103},[71,31093,3184],{"class":99},[71,31095,228],{"class":89},[71,31097,3683],{"class":99},[71,31099,20273],{"class":103},[71,31101,3184],{"class":99},[71,31103,252],{"class":89},[71,31105,31106],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,31107,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,31109,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118,31121],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,31111,13996],{"class":77},[71,31113,60],{"class":89},[71,31115,30585],{"class":133},[71,31117,90],{"class":89},[71,31119,31120],{"class":133},"new_settings",[71,31122,121],{"class":89},[71,31124,31125,31127,31129,31131],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,31126,128],{"class":127},[71,31128,90],{"class":89},[71,31130,13996],{"class":133},[71,31132,121],{"class":89},[20,31134,209],{},[62,31136,31138],{"className":64,"code":31137,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31139,31140],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31141,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31143,219],{"class":89},[71,31145,100],{"class":99},[71,31147,12603],{"class":103},[71,31149,100],{"class":99},[71,31151,228],{"class":89},[71,31153,231],{"class":99},[71,31155,21044],{"class":103},[71,31157,100],{"class":99},[71,31159,109],{"class":89},[71,31161,231],{"class":99},[71,31163,13962],{"class":103},[71,31165,100],{"class":99},[71,31167,228],{"class":89},[71,31169,13969],{"class":117},[71,31171,109],{"class":89},[71,31173,231],{"class":99},[71,31175,20239],{"class":103},[71,31177,100],{"class":99},[71,31179,228],{"class":89},[71,31181,231],{"class":99},[71,31183,20273],{"class":103},[71,31185,100],{"class":99},[71,31187,252],{"class":89},[20,31189,13520],{},[40,31191,31192,31197],{},[43,31193,31194,31196],{},[15,31195,13962],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[43,31198,31199,31201],{},[15,31200,20239],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31203,31204,31205,60],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[56,31206,31208],{"href":31207},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[288,31210,8758,31212,31214],{"id":31211},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31213,15066],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31216,31217,31219],{},[15,31218,15066],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31221,31222],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[62,31224,31226],{"className":64,"code":31225,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31227,31228,31248,31283,31287,31301],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31229,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31231,5400],{"class":77},[71,31233,82],{"class":81},[71,31235,1456],{"class":89},[71,31237,3184],{"class":99},[71,31239,18532],{"class":103},[71,31241,3184],{"class":99},[71,31243,228],{"class":89},[71,31245,20014],{"class":117},[71,31247,252],{"class":89},[71,31249,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31275,31277,31279,31281],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,31251,149],{"class":77},[71,31253,82],{"class":81},[71,31255,154],{"class":89},[71,31257,3184],{"class":99},[71,31259,18541],{"class":103},[71,31261,3184],{"class":99},[71,31263,109],{"class":89},[71,31265,13618],{"class":117},[71,31267,168],{"class":89},[71,31269,171],{"class":89},[71,31271,3184],{"class":99},[71,31273,31274],{"class":103},"english",[71,31276,3184],{"class":99},[71,31278,109],{"class":89},[71,31280,29040],{"class":117},[71,31282,186],{"class":89},[71,31284,31285],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,31286,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,31288,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,31290,16502],{"class":77},[71,31292,60],{"class":89},[71,31294,30585],{"class":133},[71,31296,90],{"class":89},[71,31298,201],{"class":133},[71,31300,121],{"class":89},[71,31302,31303,31305,31307,31309],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,31304,128],{"class":127},[71,31306,90],{"class":89},[71,31308,16502],{"class":133},[71,31310,121],{"class":89},[20,31312,209],{},[62,31314,31316],{"className":64,"code":31315,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31317,31318],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31319,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31321,219],{"class":89},[71,31323,100],{"class":99},[71,31325,18532],{"class":103},[71,31327,100],{"class":99},[71,31329,228],{"class":89},[71,31331,20014],{"class":117},[71,31333,109],{"class":89},[71,31335,231],{"class":99},[71,31337,18541],{"class":103},[71,31339,100],{"class":99},[71,31341,228],{"class":89},[71,31343,13618],{"class":117},[71,31345,109],{"class":89},[71,31347,231],{"class":99},[71,31349,31274],{"class":103},[71,31351,100],{"class":99},[71,31353,228],{"class":89},[71,31355,29040],{"class":117},[71,31357,252],{"class":89},[20,31359,31360],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[40,31362,31363,31366],{},[43,31364,31365],{},"The key",[43,31367,31368],{},"The value",[20,31370,31371],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31373,31374],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[62,31376,31378],{"className":64,"code":31377,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31379,31380,31400,31425,31429],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31381,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31383,78],{"class":77},[71,31385,82],{"class":81},[71,31387,1456],{"class":89},[71,31389,3184],{"class":99},[71,31391,56],{"class":103},[71,31393,3184],{"class":99},[71,31395,228],{"class":89},[71,31397,165],{"class":117},[71,31399,252],{"class":89},[71,31401,31402,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,31403,31404],{"class":77},"bad_pairs ",[71,31406,82],{"class":81},[71,31408,154],{"class":89},[71,31410,3184],{"class":99},[71,31412,176],{"class":103},[71,31414,3184],{"class":99},[71,31416,109],{"class":89},[71,31418,183],{"class":117},[71,31420,109],{"class":89},[71,31422,701],{"class":117},[71,31424,186],{"class":89},[71,31426,31427],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,31428,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,31430,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31442],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,31432,134],{"class":77},[71,31434,60],{"class":89},[71,31436,30585],{"class":133},[71,31438,90],{"class":89},[71,31440,31441],{"class":133},"bad_pairs",[71,31443,121],{"class":89},[20,31445,31446],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31448,31449],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[288,31451,31453],{"id":31452},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31455,31456],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[62,31458,31460],{"className":64,"code":31459,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31461,31462,31486,31518],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31463,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31465,11595],{"class":77},[71,31467,82],{"class":81},[71,31469,1456],{"class":89},[71,31471,3184],{"class":99},[71,31473,94],{"class":103},[71,31475,3184],{"class":99},[71,31477,228],{"class":89},[71,31479,3683],{"class":99},[71,31481,29033],{"class":103},[71,31483,3184],{"class":99},[71,31485,252],{"class":89},[71,31487,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31507,31509,31511,31514,31516],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,31489,11689],{"class":77},[71,31491,60],{"class":89},[71,31493,30585],{"class":133},[71,31495,90],{"class":89},[71,31497,242],{"class":93},[71,31499,82],{"class":81},[71,31501,118],{"class":117},[71,31503,109],{"class":89},[71,31505,31506],{"class":93}," city",[71,31508,82],{"class":81},[71,31510,3184],{"class":99},[71,31512,31513],{"class":103},"Madrid",[71,31515,3184],{"class":99},[71,31517,121],{"class":89},[71,31519,31520,31522,31524,31526],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,31521,128],{"class":127},[71,31523,90],{"class":89},[71,31525,11689],{"class":133},[71,31527,121],{"class":89},[20,31529,209],{},[62,31531,31533],{"className":64,"code":31532,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31534,31535],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31536,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31538,219],{"class":89},[71,31540,100],{"class":99},[71,31542,94],{"class":103},[71,31544,100],{"class":99},[71,31546,228],{"class":89},[71,31548,231],{"class":99},[71,31550,29033],{"class":103},[71,31552,100],{"class":99},[71,31554,109],{"class":89},[71,31556,231],{"class":99},[71,31558,242],{"class":103},[71,31560,100],{"class":99},[71,31562,228],{"class":89},[71,31564,249],{"class":117},[71,31566,109],{"class":89},[71,31568,231],{"class":99},[71,31570,1373],{"class":103},[71,31572,100],{"class":99},[71,31574,228],{"class":89},[71,31576,231],{"class":99},[71,31578,31513],{"class":103},[71,31580,100],{"class":99},[71,31582,252],{"class":89},[20,31584,31585],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31587,31588],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31590,31591],{},"These work:",[40,31593,31594,31598,31602],{},[43,31595,31596],{},[15,31597,242],{},[43,31599,31600],{},[15,31601,1373],{},[43,31603,31604],{},[15,31605,31606],{},"first_name",[20,31608,31609],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[40,31611,31612,31617],{},[43,31613,31614],{},[15,31615,31616],{},"\"first name\"",[43,31618,31619],{},[15,31620,31621],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31623,31624],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[62,31626,31628],{"className":64,"code":31627,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31629,31630,31638,31678],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31631,31632,31634,31636],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31633,11595],{"class":77},[71,31635,82],{"class":81},[71,31637,799],{"class":89},[71,31639,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31669,31671,31673,31676],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,31641,11689],{"class":77},[71,31643,60],{"class":89},[71,31645,30585],{"class":133},[71,31647,5865],{"class":89},[71,31649,3184],{"class":99},[71,31651,1479],{"class":103},[71,31653,3184],{"class":99},[71,31655,228],{"class":89},[71,31657,3683],{"class":99},[71,31659,29033],{"class":103},[71,31661,3184],{"class":99},[71,31663,109],{"class":89},[71,31665,3683],{"class":99},[71,31667,31668],{"class":103},"user-id",[71,31670,3184],{"class":99},[71,31672,228],{"class":89},[71,31674,31675],{"class":117}," 1001",[71,31677,30617],{"class":89},[71,31679,31680,31682,31684,31686],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,31681,128],{"class":127},[71,31683,90],{"class":89},[71,31685,11689],{"class":133},[71,31687,121],{"class":89},[288,31689,17533],{"id":17532},[20,31691,31692,2728,31694,60],{},[15,31693,15066],{},[15,31695,4110],{},[20,31697,14160],{},[20,31699,24826],{},[62,31701,31703],{"className":64,"code":31702,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31704,31705,31729,31755,31759,31769],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31706,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31708,13315],{"class":77},[71,31710,82],{"class":81},[71,31712,1456],{"class":89},[71,31714,3184],{"class":99},[71,31716,94],{"class":103},[71,31718,3184],{"class":99},[71,31720,228],{"class":89},[71,31722,3683],{"class":99},[71,31724,12990],{"class":103},[71,31726,3184],{"class":99},[71,31728,252],{"class":89},[71,31730,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,31732,1102],{"class":77},[71,31734,82],{"class":81},[71,31736,13358],{"class":77},[71,31738,60],{"class":89},[71,31740,30585],{"class":133},[71,31742,5865],{"class":89},[71,31744,3184],{"class":99},[71,31746,242],{"class":103},[71,31748,3184],{"class":99},[71,31750,228],{"class":89},[71,31752,8129],{"class":117},[71,31754,30617],{"class":89},[71,31756,31757],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,31758,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,31760,31761,31763,31765,31767],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,31762,128],{"class":127},[71,31764,90],{"class":89},[71,31766,2594],{"class":133},[71,31768,121],{"class":89},[71,31770,31771,31773,31775,31777],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,31772,128],{"class":127},[71,31774,90],{"class":89},[71,31776,17421],{"class":133},[71,31778,121],{"class":89},[20,31780,209],{},[62,31782,31784],{"className":64,"code":31783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31785,31786,31790],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31787,31788],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31789,11916],{"class":4184},[71,31791,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,31793,219],{"class":89},[71,31795,100],{"class":99},[71,31797,94],{"class":103},[71,31799,100],{"class":99},[71,31801,228],{"class":89},[71,31803,231],{"class":99},[71,31805,12990],{"class":103},[71,31807,100],{"class":99},[71,31809,109],{"class":89},[71,31811,231],{"class":99},[71,31813,242],{"class":103},[71,31815,100],{"class":99},[71,31817,228],{"class":89},[71,31819,8129],{"class":117},[71,31821,252],{"class":89},[20,31823,16769],{},[62,31825,31827],{"className":64,"code":31826,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31828,31829,31853,31875,31879],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31830,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31832,13315],{"class":77},[71,31834,82],{"class":81},[71,31836,1456],{"class":89},[71,31838,3184],{"class":99},[71,31840,94],{"class":103},[71,31842,3184],{"class":99},[71,31844,228],{"class":89},[71,31846,3683],{"class":99},[71,31848,12990],{"class":103},[71,31850,3184],{"class":99},[71,31852,252],{"class":89},[71,31854,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,31856,17421],{"class":77},[71,31858,60],{"class":89},[71,31860,30585],{"class":133},[71,31862,5865],{"class":89},[71,31864,3184],{"class":99},[71,31866,242],{"class":103},[71,31868,3184],{"class":99},[71,31870,228],{"class":89},[71,31872,8129],{"class":117},[71,31874,30617],{"class":89},[71,31876,31877],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,31878,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,31880,31881,31883,31885,31887],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,31882,128],{"class":127},[71,31884,90],{"class":89},[71,31886,17421],{"class":133},[71,31888,121],{"class":89},[20,31890,209],{},[62,31892,31894],{"className":64,"code":31893,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31895,31896],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31897,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31899,219],{"class":89},[71,31901,100],{"class":99},[71,31903,94],{"class":103},[71,31905,100],{"class":99},[71,31907,228],{"class":89},[71,31909,231],{"class":99},[71,31911,12990],{"class":103},[71,31913,100],{"class":99},[71,31915,109],{"class":89},[71,31917,231],{"class":99},[71,31919,242],{"class":103},[71,31921,100],{"class":99},[71,31923,228],{"class":89},[71,31925,8129],{"class":117},[71,31927,252],{"class":89},[20,31929,31930,31931,60],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[56,31932,18019],{"href":1699},[288,31934,5298,31936],{"id":31935},"when-to-use-update",[15,31937,15066],{},[20,31939,283,31940,1569],{},[15,31941,15066],{},[40,31943,31944,31947,31950,31953],{},[43,31945,31946],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[43,31948,31949],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[43,31951,31952],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[43,31954,31955],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31957,31958],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[62,31960,31962],{"className":64,"code":31961,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31963,31964,32000,32015,32019,32058,32062,32072],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,31965,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,31967,12194],{"class":77},[71,31969,82],{"class":81},[71,31971,1456],{"class":89},[71,31973,3184],{"class":99},[71,31975,94],{"class":103},[71,31977,3184],{"class":99},[71,31979,228],{"class":89},[71,31981,3683],{"class":99},[71,31983,12990],{"class":103},[71,31985,3184],{"class":99},[71,31987,109],{"class":89},[71,31989,3683],{"class":99},[71,31991,242],{"class":103},[71,31993,3184],{"class":99},[71,31995,228],{"class":89},[71,31997,8129],{"class":117},[71,31999,252],{"class":89},[71,32001,32002,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,32003,32004],{"class":77},"updated ",[71,32006,82],{"class":81},[71,32008,12269],{"class":77},[71,32010,60],{"class":89},[71,32012,13021],{"class":133},[71,32014,369],{"class":89},[71,32016,32017],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,32018,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,32020,32021,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,32022,32023],{"class":77},"updated",[71,32025,60],{"class":89},[71,32027,30585],{"class":133},[71,32029,5865],{"class":89},[71,32031,3184],{"class":99},[71,32033,242],{"class":103},[71,32035,3184],{"class":99},[71,32037,228],{"class":89},[71,32039,30598],{"class":117},[71,32041,109],{"class":89},[71,32043,3683],{"class":99},[71,32045,1373],{"class":103},[71,32047,3184],{"class":99},[71,32049,228],{"class":89},[71,32051,3683],{"class":99},[71,32053,16144],{"class":103},[71,32055,3184],{"class":99},[71,32057,30617],{"class":89},[71,32059,32060],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,32061,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,32063,32064,32066,32068,32070],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,32065,128],{"class":127},[71,32067,90],{"class":89},[71,32069,12241],{"class":133},[71,32071,121],{"class":89},[71,32073,32074,32076,32078,32080],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,32075,128],{"class":127},[71,32077,90],{"class":89},[71,32079,32023],{"class":133},[71,32081,121],{"class":89},[20,32083,209],{},[62,32085,32087],{"className":64,"code":32086,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32088,32089,32121],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32090,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32092,219],{"class":89},[71,32094,100],{"class":99},[71,32096,94],{"class":103},[71,32098,100],{"class":99},[71,32100,228],{"class":89},[71,32102,231],{"class":99},[71,32104,12990],{"class":103},[71,32106,100],{"class":99},[71,32108,109],{"class":89},[71,32110,231],{"class":99},[71,32112,242],{"class":103},[71,32114,100],{"class":99},[71,32116,228],{"class":89},[71,32118,8129],{"class":117},[71,32120,252],{"class":89},[71,32122,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,32124,219],{"class":89},[71,32126,100],{"class":99},[71,32128,94],{"class":103},[71,32130,100],{"class":99},[71,32132,228],{"class":89},[71,32134,231],{"class":99},[71,32136,12990],{"class":103},[71,32138,100],{"class":99},[71,32140,109],{"class":89},[71,32142,231],{"class":99},[71,32144,242],{"class":103},[71,32146,100],{"class":99},[71,32148,228],{"class":89},[71,32150,30598],{"class":117},[71,32152,109],{"class":89},[71,32154,231],{"class":99},[71,32156,1373],{"class":103},[71,32158,100],{"class":99},[71,32160,228],{"class":89},[71,32162,231],{"class":99},[71,32164,16144],{"class":103},[71,32166,100],{"class":99},[71,32168,252],{"class":89},[20,32170,32171,32172,60],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[56,32173,16711],{"href":16710},[288,32175,2054],{"id":2053},[20,32177,1716,32178,228],{},[15,32179,15066],{},[40,32181,32182,32189,32193,32196,32199],{},[43,32183,12703,32184,32186,32187],{},[15,32185,15066],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32188,4110],{},[43,32190,8794,32191,12711],{},[15,32192,15066],{},[43,32194,32195],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[43,32197,32198],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[43,32200,32201],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32203,32204],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[62,32206,32208],{"className":64,"code":32207,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32209,32210,32220,32234,32248,32270],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32211,32212,32214,32216,32218],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32213,128],{"class":127},[71,32215,90],{"class":89},[71,32217,11556],{"class":133},[71,32219,121],{"class":89},[71,32221,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,32223,128],{"class":127},[71,32225,90],{"class":89},[71,32227,735],{"class":85},[71,32229,90],{"class":89},[71,32231,134],{"class":133},[71,32233,204],{"class":89},[71,32235,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,32237,128],{"class":127},[71,32239,90],{"class":89},[71,32241,8433],{"class":85},[71,32243,90],{"class":89},[71,32245,134],{"class":133},[71,32247,204],{"class":89},[71,32249,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,32251,128],{"class":127},[71,32253,90],{"class":89},[71,32255,11556],{"class":133},[71,32257,60],{"class":89},[71,32259,19866],{"class":133},[71,32261,90],{"class":89},[71,32263,100],{"class":99},[71,32265,14953],{"class":103},[71,32267,100],{"class":99},[71,32269,204],{"class":89},[71,32271,32272,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,32273,32274],{"class":127},"help",[71,32276,90],{"class":89},[71,32278,196],{"class":85},[71,32280,60],{"class":89},[71,32282,30585],{"class":24868},[71,32284,121],{"class":89},[20,32286,32287],{},"These can help you check:",[40,32289,32290,32293,32298,32301,32304],{},[43,32291,32292],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[43,32294,32295,32296],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32297,15066],{},[43,32299,32300],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[43,32302,32303],{},"Whether a key exists",[43,32305,32306],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32308,32309,32310,60],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[56,32311,2248],{"href":2049},[288,32313,2163],{"id":2162},[350,32315,12813,32317,32319],{"id":32316},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32318,15066],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32321,32322,32323,60],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32324,4110],{},[350,32326,12813,32328,32330],{"id":32327},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32329,15066],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32332,32333],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[350,32335,2184,32337,32339],{"id":32336},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32338,15066],{}," add new keys?",[20,32341,32342],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[350,32344,28448,32346,32348],{"id":32345},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32347,15066],{}," with a list?",[20,32350,32351,32352,60],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32353,2072],{},[350,32355,2167,32357,32359],{"id":32356},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32358,15066],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32361,32362,32363,32365],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32364,15066],{}," can change many keys at once.",[288,32367,2221],{"id":2220},[40,32369,32370,32374,32378,32383,32387],{},[43,32371,32372],{},[56,32373,26214],{"href":338},[43,32375,32376],{},[56,32377,2237],{"href":1699},[43,32379,32380],{},[56,32381,32382],{"href":31207},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[43,32384,32385],{},[56,32386,21574],{"href":16710},[43,32388,32389],{},[56,32390,2248],{"href":2049},[2250,32392,32393],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":32395},[32396,32397,32399,32400,32402,32404,32405,32406,32408,32409,32421],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":30640,"depth":124,"text":32398},"What update() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":31000,"depth":124,"text":32401},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31211,"depth":124,"text":32403},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31452,"depth":124,"text":31453},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":31935,"depth":124,"text":32407},"When to use update()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":32410},[32411,32413,32415,32417,32419],{"id":32316,"depth":139,"text":32412},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32327,"depth":139,"text":32414},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32336,"depth":139,"text":32416},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32345,"depth":139,"text":32418},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32356,"depth":139,"text":32420},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30518,"description":32422},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32428,"title":32429,"body":32430,"description":34419,"extension":2292,"meta":34420,"navigation":142,"path":23012,"seo":34421,"stem":34422,"__hash__":34423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32431,"toc":34382},[32432,32437,32444,32447,32449,32548,32550,32605,32610,32615,32629,32634,32636,32651,32653,32667,32680,32685,32691,32698,32700,32807,32809,32858,32864,32939,32941,32962,32964,32967,33072,33074,33129,33131,33159,33163,33168,33247,33249,33269,33271,33282,33292,33296,33301,33405,33407,33432,33435,33446,33451,33460,33463,33480,33482,33569,33571,33634,33636,33659,33661,33666,33672,33677,33679,33718,33724,33727,33746,33757,33763,33766,33839,33841,33860,33865,33868,33891,33897,33900,33964,33967,34044,34051,34054,34113,34119,34121,34140,34144,34147,34198,34201,34221,34223,34284,34286,34291,34296,34301,34306,34311,34316,34322,34325,34334,34342,34344,34379],[10,32433,11424,32435,11428],{"id":32434},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32436,17185],{},[20,32438,32439,32440,32443],{},"The Python ",[15,32441,32442],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32445,32446],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[288,32448,2334],{"id":2333},[62,32450,32452],{"className":64,"code":32451,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32453,32454,32506,32520,32524,32534],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32455,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32457,12973],{"class":77},[71,32459,82],{"class":81},[71,32461,1456],{"class":89},[71,32463,3184],{"class":99},[71,32465,94],{"class":103},[71,32467,3184],{"class":99},[71,32469,228],{"class":89},[71,32471,3683],{"class":99},[71,32473,12990],{"class":103},[71,32475,3184],{"class":99},[71,32477,109],{"class":89},[71,32479,3683],{"class":99},[71,32481,242],{"class":103},[71,32483,3184],{"class":99},[71,32485,228],{"class":89},[71,32487,8129],{"class":117},[71,32489,109],{"class":89},[71,32491,3683],{"class":99},[71,32493,1373],{"class":103},[71,32495,3184],{"class":99},[71,32497,228],{"class":89},[71,32499,3683],{"class":99},[71,32501,16144],{"class":103},[71,32503,3184],{"class":99},[71,32505,252],{"class":89},[71,32507,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,32509,4154],{"class":77},[71,32511,82],{"class":81},[71,32513,13016],{"class":77},[71,32515,60],{"class":89},[71,32517,5694],{"class":133},[71,32519,369],{"class":89},[71,32521,32522],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,32523,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,32525,32526,32528,32530,32532],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,32527,128],{"class":127},[71,32529,90],{"class":89},[71,32531,5694],{"class":133},[71,32533,121],{"class":89},[71,32535,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,32537,128],{"class":127},[71,32539,90],{"class":89},[71,32541,8433],{"class":85},[71,32543,90],{"class":89},[71,32545,5694],{"class":133},[71,32547,204],{"class":89},[20,32549,209],{},[62,32551,32553],{"className":64,"code":32552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32554,32555,32581],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32556,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32558,17151],{"class":133},[71,32560,3317],{"class":89},[71,32562,100],{"class":99},[71,32564,12990],{"class":103},[71,32566,100],{"class":99},[71,32568,109],{"class":89},[71,32570,8129],{"class":117},[71,32572,109],{"class":89},[71,32574,231],{"class":99},[71,32576,16144],{"class":103},[71,32578,100],{"class":99},[71,32580,4222],{"class":89},[71,32582,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,32584,4234],{"class":89},[71,32586,100],{"class":99},[71,32588,12990],{"class":103},[71,32590,100],{"class":99},[71,32592,109],{"class":89},[71,32594,8129],{"class":117},[71,32596,109],{"class":89},[71,32598,231],{"class":99},[71,32600,16144],{"class":103},[71,32602,100],{"class":99},[71,32604,1757],{"class":89},[20,32606,32607,32609],{},[15,32608,17185],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[288,32611,291,32613,294],{"id":32612},"what-values-does",[15,32614,17185],{},[40,32616,32617,32620,32623,32626],{},[43,32618,32619],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[43,32621,32622],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[43,32624,32625],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[43,32627,32628],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32630,32631,32632,60],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[56,32633,339],{"href":338},[288,32635,343],{"id":342},[62,32637,32639],{"className":64,"code":32638,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32640,32641],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32642,32643,32645,32647,32649],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32644,11556],{"class":77},[71,32646,60],{"class":89},[71,32648,5694],{"class":133},[71,32650,369],{"class":89},[20,32652,13162],{},[40,32654,32655,32659,32662],{},[43,32656,32657,11572],{},[15,32658,17185],{},[43,32660,32661],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[43,32663,32664,32665],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32666,17185],{},[20,32668,32669,32670,1560,32675,60],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[56,32671,32672,32674],{"href":17176},[15,32673,17179],{}," for dictionary keys",[56,32676,32677,32679],{"href":17189},[15,32678,17192],{}," for key-value pairs",[288,32681,291,32683,11813],{"id":32682},"what-values-returns",[15,32684,17185],{},[20,32686,32687,22092,32689,24882],{},[15,32688,17185],{},[15,32690,17151],{},[20,32692,32693,32694,32697],{},"This object is a ",[30,32695,32696],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32699,2537],{},[62,32701,32703],{"className":64,"code":32702,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32704,32705,32741,32745,32760,32771,32775,32797],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32706,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32708,13315],{"class":77},[71,32710,82],{"class":81},[71,32712,1456],{"class":89},[71,32714,3184],{"class":99},[71,32716,94],{"class":103},[71,32718,3184],{"class":99},[71,32720,228],{"class":89},[71,32722,3683],{"class":99},[71,32724,8260],{"class":103},[71,32726,3184],{"class":99},[71,32728,109],{"class":89},[71,32730,3683],{"class":99},[71,32732,242],{"class":103},[71,32734,3184],{"class":99},[71,32736,228],{"class":89},[71,32738,249],{"class":117},[71,32740,252],{"class":89},[71,32742,32743],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,32744,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,32746,32747,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,32748,32749],{"class":77},"values_view ",[71,32751,82],{"class":81},[71,32753,13358],{"class":77},[71,32755,60],{"class":89},[71,32757,5694],{"class":133},[71,32759,369],{"class":89},[71,32761,32762,32764,32766,32769],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,32763,128],{"class":127},[71,32765,90],{"class":89},[71,32767,32768],{"class":133},"values_view",[71,32770,121],{"class":89},[71,32772,32773],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,32774,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,32776,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,32778,17421],{"class":77},[71,32780,4234],{"class":89},[71,32782,3184],{"class":99},[71,32784,1373],{"class":103},[71,32786,3184],{"class":99},[71,32788,13384],{"class":89},[71,32790,13387],{"class":81},[71,32792,3683],{"class":99},[71,32794,30764],{"class":103},[71,32796,3689],{"class":99},[71,32798,32799,32801,32803,32805],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,32800,128],{"class":127},[71,32802,90],{"class":89},[71,32804,32768],{"class":133},[71,32806,121],{"class":89},[20,32808,209],{},[62,32810,32812],{"className":64,"code":32811,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32813,32814,32832],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32815,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32817,17151],{"class":133},[71,32819,3317],{"class":89},[71,32821,100],{"class":99},[71,32823,8260],{"class":103},[71,32825,100],{"class":99},[71,32827,109],{"class":89},[71,32829,249],{"class":117},[71,32831,4222],{"class":89},[71,32833,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,32835,17151],{"class":133},[71,32837,3317],{"class":89},[71,32839,100],{"class":99},[71,32841,8260],{"class":103},[71,32843,100],{"class":99},[71,32845,109],{"class":89},[71,32847,249],{"class":117},[71,32849,109],{"class":89},[71,32851,231],{"class":99},[71,32853,30764],{"class":103},[71,32855,100],{"class":99},[71,32857,4222],{"class":89},[20,32859,32860,32861,60],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32862,32863],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[62,32865,32867],{"className":64,"code":32866,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32868,32869,32905,32924,32928],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32870,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32872,13315],{"class":77},[71,32874,82],{"class":81},[71,32876,1456],{"class":89},[71,32878,3184],{"class":99},[71,32880,94],{"class":103},[71,32882,3184],{"class":99},[71,32884,228],{"class":89},[71,32886,3683],{"class":99},[71,32888,8260],{"class":103},[71,32890,3184],{"class":99},[71,32892,109],{"class":89},[71,32894,3683],{"class":99},[71,32896,242],{"class":103},[71,32898,3184],{"class":99},[71,32900,228],{"class":89},[71,32902,249],{"class":117},[71,32904,252],{"class":89},[71,32906,32907,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,32908,32909],{"class":77},"values_list ",[71,32911,82],{"class":81},[71,32913,22677],{"class":85},[71,32915,90],{"class":89},[71,32917,17421],{"class":133},[71,32919,60],{"class":89},[71,32921,5694],{"class":133},[71,32923,7534],{"class":89},[71,32925,32926],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,32927,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,32929,32930,32932,32934,32937],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,32931,128],{"class":127},[71,32933,90],{"class":89},[71,32935,32936],{"class":133},"values_list",[71,32938,121],{"class":89},[20,32940,209],{},[62,32942,32944],{"className":64,"code":32943,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32945,32946],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32947,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32949,4234],{"class":89},[71,32951,100],{"class":99},[71,32953,8260],{"class":103},[71,32955,100],{"class":99},[71,32957,109],{"class":89},[71,32959,249],{"class":117},[71,32961,1757],{"class":89},[288,32963,11582],{"id":11581},[20,32965,32966],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[62,32968,32970],{"className":64,"code":32969,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32971,32972,33026,33030,33044,33048,33058],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,32973,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33007,33009,33011,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,32975,24914],{"class":77},[71,32977,82],{"class":81},[71,32979,1456],{"class":89},[71,32981,3184],{"class":99},[71,32983,24923],{"class":103},[71,32985,3184],{"class":99},[71,32987,228],{"class":89},[71,32989,3683],{"class":99},[71,32991,24932],{"class":103},[71,32993,3184],{"class":99},[71,32995,109],{"class":89},[71,32997,3683],{"class":99},[71,32999,24941],{"class":103},[71,33001,3184],{"class":99},[71,33003,228],{"class":89},[71,33005,33006],{"class":117}," 2022",[71,33008,109],{"class":89},[71,33010,3683],{"class":99},[71,33012,33013],{"class":103},"color",[71,33015,3184],{"class":99},[71,33017,228],{"class":89},[71,33019,3683],{"class":99},[71,33021,13220],{"class":103},[71,33023,3184],{"class":99},[71,33025,252],{"class":89},[71,33027,33028],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33029,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,33031,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,33033,1102],{"class":77},[71,33035,82],{"class":81},[71,33037,24963],{"class":77},[71,33039,60],{"class":89},[71,33041,5694],{"class":133},[71,33043,369],{"class":89},[71,33045,33046],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,33047,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,33049,33050,33052,33054,33056],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,33051,128],{"class":127},[71,33053,90],{"class":89},[71,33055,2594],{"class":133},[71,33057,121],{"class":89},[71,33059,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,33061,128],{"class":127},[71,33063,90],{"class":89},[71,33065,8433],{"class":85},[71,33067,90],{"class":89},[71,33069,2594],{"class":133},[71,33071,204],{"class":89},[20,33073,209],{},[62,33075,33077],{"className":64,"code":33076,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33078,33079,33105],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33080,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33082,17151],{"class":133},[71,33084,3317],{"class":89},[71,33086,100],{"class":99},[71,33088,24932],{"class":103},[71,33090,100],{"class":99},[71,33092,109],{"class":89},[71,33094,33006],{"class":117},[71,33096,109],{"class":89},[71,33098,231],{"class":99},[71,33100,13220],{"class":103},[71,33102,100],{"class":99},[71,33104,4222],{"class":89},[71,33106,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33108,4234],{"class":89},[71,33110,100],{"class":99},[71,33112,24932],{"class":103},[71,33114,100],{"class":99},[71,33116,109],{"class":89},[71,33118,33006],{"class":117},[71,33120,109],{"class":89},[71,33122,231],{"class":99},[71,33124,13220],{"class":103},[71,33126,100],{"class":99},[71,33128,1757],{"class":89},[20,33130,11791],{},[40,33132,33133,33139,33145,33153],{},[43,33134,33135,33138],{},[15,33136,33137],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[43,33140,33141,33144],{},[15,33142,33143],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[43,33146,33147,33150,33151,24735],{},[15,33148,33149],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33152,17151],{},[43,33154,33155,33158],{},[15,33156,33157],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[288,33160,33162],{"id":33161},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33164,33165,33166,26183],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33167,6294],{},[62,33169,33171],{"className":64,"code":33170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33172,33173,33217,33221,33237],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33174,33175,33177,33179,33181,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33176,5400],{"class":77},[71,33178,82],{"class":81},[71,33180,1456],{"class":89},[71,33182,3184],{"class":99},[71,33184,18532],{"class":103},[71,33186,3184],{"class":99},[71,33188,228],{"class":89},[71,33190,20014],{"class":117},[71,33192,109],{"class":89},[71,33194,3683],{"class":99},[71,33196,31274],{"class":103},[71,33198,3184],{"class":99},[71,33200,228],{"class":89},[71,33202,13618],{"class":117},[71,33204,109],{"class":89},[71,33206,3683],{"class":99},[71,33208,18541],{"class":103},[71,33210,3184],{"class":99},[71,33212,228],{"class":89},[71,33214,29040],{"class":117},[71,33216,252],{"class":89},[71,33218,33219],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33220,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,33222,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,33224,6294],{"class":4209},[71,33226,21701],{"class":77},[71,33228,4216],{"class":4209},[71,33230,5447],{"class":77},[71,33232,60],{"class":89},[71,33234,5694],{"class":133},[71,33236,21712],{"class":89},[71,33238,33239,33241,33243,33245],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,33240,8408],{"class":127},[71,33242,90],{"class":89},[71,33244,2804],{"class":133},[71,33246,121],{"class":89},[20,33248,209],{},[62,33250,33252],{"className":64,"code":33251,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33253,33254,33259,33264],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33255,33256],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33257,33258],{"class":117},"90\n",[71,33260,33261],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33262,33263],{"class":117},"85\n",[71,33265,33266],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,33267,33268],{"class":117},"88\n",[20,33270,17825],{},[40,33272,33273,33276,33279],{},[43,33274,33275],{},"You only need the values",[43,33277,33278],{},"You do not care about the keys",[43,33280,33281],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33283,33284,33285,3209,33289,60],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[56,33286,1705,33287,1709],{"href":17189},[15,33288,17192],{},[56,33290,22592],{"href":33291},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[288,33293,33295],{"id":33294},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33297,283,33298,33300],{},[15,33299,32863],{}," when you need a list.",[62,33302,33304],{"className":64,"code":33303,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33305,33306,33352,33356,33376,33380,33391],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33307,33308,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33344,33346,33348,33350],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33309,33310],{"class":77},"fruit_prices ",[71,33312,82],{"class":81},[71,33314,1456],{"class":89},[71,33316,3184],{"class":99},[71,33318,4414],{"class":103},[71,33320,3184],{"class":99},[71,33322,228],{"class":89},[71,33324,183],{"class":117},[71,33326,109],{"class":89},[71,33328,3683],{"class":99},[71,33330,4423],{"class":103},[71,33332,3184],{"class":99},[71,33334,228],{"class":89},[71,33336,165],{"class":117},[71,33338,109],{"class":89},[71,33340,3683],{"class":99},[71,33342,33343],{"class":103},"orange",[71,33345,3184],{"class":99},[71,33347,228],{"class":89},[71,33349,701],{"class":117},[71,33351,252],{"class":89},[71,33353,33354],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33355,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,33357,33358,33361,33363,33365,33367,33370,33372,33374],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,33359,33360],{"class":77},"price_list ",[71,33362,82],{"class":81},[71,33364,22677],{"class":85},[71,33366,90],{"class":89},[71,33368,33369],{"class":133},"fruit_prices",[71,33371,60],{"class":89},[71,33373,5694],{"class":133},[71,33375,7534],{"class":89},[71,33377,33378],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,33379,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,33381,33382,33384,33386,33389],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,33383,128],{"class":127},[71,33385,90],{"class":89},[71,33387,33388],{"class":133},"price_list",[71,33390,121],{"class":89},[71,33392,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,33394,128],{"class":127},[71,33396,90],{"class":89},[71,33398,33388],{"class":133},[71,33400,4234],{"class":89},[71,33402,2449],{"class":117},[71,33404,4222],{"class":89},[20,33406,209],{},[62,33408,33410],{"className":64,"code":33409,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33411,33412,33428],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33413,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33415,4234],{"class":89},[71,33417,630],{"class":117},[71,33419,109],{"class":89},[71,33421,165],{"class":117},[71,33423,109],{"class":89},[71,33425,701],{"class":117},[71,33427,1757],{"class":89},[71,33429,33430],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33431,17170],{"class":117},[20,33433,33434],{},"This is helpful for:",[40,33436,33437,33440,33443],{},[43,33438,33439],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[43,33441,33442],{},"Accessing values by index",[43,33444,33445],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33447,4259,33448,33450],{},[15,33449,17151],{}," is not the same as a list.",[288,33452,33454,1552,33456,1552,33458],{"id":33453},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33455,17185],{},[15,33457,17179],{},[15,33459,17192],{},[20,33461,33462],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[40,33464,33465,33470,33475],{},[43,33466,33467,33469],{},[15,33468,17185],{}," returns only the values",[43,33471,33472,33474],{},[15,33473,17179],{}," returns only the keys",[43,33476,33477,33479],{},[15,33478,17192],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33481,2455],{},[62,33483,33485],{"className":64,"code":33484,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33486,33487,33523,33527,33541,33555],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33488,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33490,12973],{"class":77},[71,33492,82],{"class":81},[71,33494,1456],{"class":89},[71,33496,3184],{"class":99},[71,33498,94],{"class":103},[71,33500,3184],{"class":99},[71,33502,228],{"class":89},[71,33504,3683],{"class":99},[71,33506,12990],{"class":103},[71,33508,3184],{"class":99},[71,33510,109],{"class":89},[71,33512,3683],{"class":99},[71,33514,242],{"class":103},[71,33516,3184],{"class":99},[71,33518,228],{"class":89},[71,33520,8129],{"class":117},[71,33522,252],{"class":89},[71,33524,33525],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33526,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,33528,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,33530,128],{"class":127},[71,33532,90],{"class":89},[71,33534,13737],{"class":133},[71,33536,60],{"class":89},[71,33538,17037],{"class":133},[71,33540,7534],{"class":89},[71,33542,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,33544,128],{"class":127},[71,33546,90],{"class":89},[71,33548,13737],{"class":133},[71,33550,60],{"class":89},[71,33552,5694],{"class":133},[71,33554,7534],{"class":89},[71,33556,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,33558,128],{"class":127},[71,33560,90],{"class":89},[71,33562,13737],{"class":133},[71,33564,60],{"class":89},[71,33566,1770],{"class":133},[71,33568,7534],{"class":89},[20,33570,209],{},[62,33572,33574],{"className":64,"code":33573,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33575,33576,33598,33616],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33577,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33579,17128],{"class":133},[71,33581,3317],{"class":89},[71,33583,100],{"class":99},[71,33585,94],{"class":103},[71,33587,100],{"class":99},[71,33589,109],{"class":89},[71,33591,231],{"class":99},[71,33593,242],{"class":103},[71,33595,100],{"class":99},[71,33597,4222],{"class":89},[71,33599,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33601,17151],{"class":133},[71,33603,3317],{"class":89},[71,33605,100],{"class":99},[71,33607,12990],{"class":103},[71,33609,100],{"class":99},[71,33611,109],{"class":89},[71,33613,8129],{"class":117},[71,33615,4222],{"class":89},[71,33617,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,33619,22025],{"class":133},[71,33621,609],{"class":89},[71,33623,100],{"class":99},[71,33625,94],{"class":103},[71,33627,100],{"class":99},[71,33629,109],{"class":89},[71,33631,8129],{"class":117},[71,33633,1647],{"class":89},[20,33635,18810],{},[40,33637,33638,33645,33652],{},[43,33639,33640,33644],{},[56,33641,33642],{"href":17176},[15,33643,17179],{}," when you need just the keys",[43,33646,33647,33651],{},[56,33648,33649],{"href":17182},[15,33650,17185],{}," when you need just the values",[43,33653,33654,33658],{},[56,33655,33656],{"href":17189},[15,33657,17192],{}," when you need both",[288,33660,4855],{"id":4854},[20,33662,33663,33664,60],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33665,17185],{},[350,33667,29770,33669,33671],{"id":33668},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33670,17185],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33673,33674,33676],{},[15,33675,17185],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33678,16757],{},[62,33680,33682],{"className":64,"code":33681,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33683,33684,33704],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33685,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33687,8648],{"class":77},[71,33689,82],{"class":81},[71,33691,1740],{"class":89},[71,33693,3320],{"class":117},[71,33695,109],{"class":89},[71,33697,183],{"class":117},[71,33699,109],{"class":89},[71,33701,701],{"class":117},[71,33703,1757],{"class":89},[71,33705,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33707,128],{"class":127},[71,33709,90],{"class":89},[71,33711,8679],{"class":133},[71,33713,60],{"class":89},[71,33715,5694],{"class":133},[71,33717,7534],{"class":89},[20,33719,33720,33721,33723],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33722,17185],{}," method.",[20,33725,33726],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[62,33728,33730],{"className":64,"code":33729,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33731,33732],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33733,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33735,128],{"class":127},[71,33737,90],{"class":89},[71,33739,735],{"class":85},[71,33741,90],{"class":89},[71,33743,8679],{"class":133},[71,33745,204],{"class":89},[20,33747,33748,33749,33751,33752,60],{},"If you get an ",[15,33750,25790],{},", see ",[56,33753,25798,33754,33756],{"href":25797},[15,33755,25801],{}," errors",[350,33758,4915,33760,33762],{"id":33759},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33761,17185],{}," returns a list",[20,33764,33765],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[62,33767,33769],{"className":64,"code":33768,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33770,33771,33807,33821,33825],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33772,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33774,12973],{"class":77},[71,33776,82],{"class":81},[71,33778,1456],{"class":89},[71,33780,3184],{"class":99},[71,33782,94],{"class":103},[71,33784,3184],{"class":99},[71,33786,228],{"class":89},[71,33788,3683],{"class":99},[71,33790,12990],{"class":103},[71,33792,3184],{"class":99},[71,33794,109],{"class":89},[71,33796,3683],{"class":99},[71,33798,242],{"class":103},[71,33800,3184],{"class":99},[71,33802,228],{"class":89},[71,33804,8129],{"class":117},[71,33806,252],{"class":89},[71,33808,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33810,4154],{"class":77},[71,33812,82],{"class":81},[71,33814,13016],{"class":77},[71,33816,60],{"class":89},[71,33818,5694],{"class":133},[71,33820,369],{"class":89},[71,33822,33823],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,33824,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,33826,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,33828,128],{"class":127},[71,33830,90],{"class":89},[71,33832,735],{"class":85},[71,33834,90],{"class":89},[71,33836,5694],{"class":133},[71,33838,204],{"class":89},[20,33840,209],{},[62,33842,33844],{"className":64,"code":33843,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33845,33846],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33847,33848,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33849,765],{"class":81},[71,33851,769],{"class":768},[71,33853,231],{"class":99},[71,33855,17151],{"class":103},[71,33857,100],{"class":99},[71,33859,778],{"class":81},[20,33861,5485,33862,33864],{},[15,33863,17151],{},", not a list.",[20,33866,33867],{},"If you need a list:",[62,33869,33871],{"className":64,"code":33870,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33872,33873],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33874,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33876,4154],{"class":77},[71,33878,82],{"class":81},[71,33880,22677],{"class":85},[71,33882,90],{"class":89},[71,33884,13737],{"class":133},[71,33886,60],{"class":89},[71,33888,5694],{"class":133},[71,33890,7534],{"class":89},[350,33892,33894,33895],{"id":33893},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33896,17151],{},[20,33898,33899],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[62,33901,33903],{"className":64,"code":33902,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33904,33905,33941,33955,33959],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33906,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33908,12973],{"class":77},[71,33910,82],{"class":81},[71,33912,1456],{"class":89},[71,33914,3184],{"class":99},[71,33916,94],{"class":103},[71,33918,3184],{"class":99},[71,33920,228],{"class":89},[71,33922,3683],{"class":99},[71,33924,12990],{"class":103},[71,33926,3184],{"class":99},[71,33928,109],{"class":89},[71,33930,3683],{"class":99},[71,33932,242],{"class":103},[71,33934,3184],{"class":99},[71,33936,228],{"class":89},[71,33938,8129],{"class":117},[71,33940,252],{"class":89},[71,33942,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,33944,4154],{"class":77},[71,33946,82],{"class":81},[71,33948,13016],{"class":77},[71,33950,60],{"class":89},[71,33952,5694],{"class":133},[71,33954,369],{"class":89},[71,33956,33957],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,33958,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,33960,33961],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,33962,33963],{"class":1439},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33965,33966],{},"Convert to a list first:",[62,33968,33970],{"className":64,"code":33969,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33971,33972,34008,34026,34030],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,33973,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,33975,12973],{"class":77},[71,33977,82],{"class":81},[71,33979,1456],{"class":89},[71,33981,3184],{"class":99},[71,33983,94],{"class":103},[71,33985,3184],{"class":99},[71,33987,228],{"class":89},[71,33989,3683],{"class":99},[71,33991,12990],{"class":103},[71,33993,3184],{"class":99},[71,33995,109],{"class":89},[71,33997,3683],{"class":99},[71,33999,242],{"class":103},[71,34001,3184],{"class":99},[71,34003,228],{"class":89},[71,34005,8129],{"class":117},[71,34007,252],{"class":89},[71,34009,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34011,4154],{"class":77},[71,34013,82],{"class":81},[71,34015,22677],{"class":85},[71,34017,90],{"class":89},[71,34019,13737],{"class":133},[71,34021,60],{"class":89},[71,34023,5694],{"class":133},[71,34025,7534],{"class":89},[71,34027,34028],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,34029,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,34031,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,34033,128],{"class":127},[71,34035,90],{"class":89},[71,34037,5694],{"class":133},[71,34039,4234],{"class":89},[71,34041,2449],{"class":117},[71,34043,4222],{"class":89},[350,34045,8758,34047,2069,34049],{"id":34046},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34048,5694],{},[15,34050,17185],{},[20,34052,34053],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[62,34055,34057],{"className":64,"code":34056,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34058,34059,34095,34099],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34060,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34062,12973],{"class":77},[71,34064,82],{"class":81},[71,34066,1456],{"class":89},[71,34068,3184],{"class":99},[71,34070,94],{"class":103},[71,34072,3184],{"class":99},[71,34074,228],{"class":89},[71,34076,3683],{"class":99},[71,34078,12990],{"class":103},[71,34080,3184],{"class":99},[71,34082,109],{"class":89},[71,34084,3683],{"class":99},[71,34086,242],{"class":103},[71,34088,3184],{"class":99},[71,34090,228],{"class":89},[71,34092,8129],{"class":117},[71,34094,252],{"class":89},[71,34096,34097],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34098,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,34100,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,34102,128],{"class":127},[71,34104,90],{"class":89},[71,34106,13737],{"class":133},[71,34108,60],{"class":89},[71,34110,5694],{"class":24868},[71,34112,121],{"class":89},[20,34114,34115,34118],{},[15,34116,34117],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34120,18810],{},[62,34122,34124],{"className":64,"code":34123,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34125,34126],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34127,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34129,128],{"class":127},[71,34131,90],{"class":89},[71,34133,13737],{"class":133},[71,34135,60],{"class":89},[71,34137,5694],{"class":133},[71,34139,7534],{"class":89},[350,34141,34143],{"id":34142},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34145,34146],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[62,34148,34150],{"className":64,"code":34149,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34151,34152,34184],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34153,34154,34156,34158,34160,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34155,78],{"class":77},[71,34157,82],{"class":81},[71,34159,1456],{"class":89},[71,34161,3184],{"class":99},[71,34163,56],{"class":103},[71,34165,3184],{"class":99},[71,34167,228],{"class":89},[71,34169,165],{"class":117},[71,34171,109],{"class":89},[71,34173,3683],{"class":99},[71,34175,176],{"class":103},[71,34177,3184],{"class":99},[71,34179,228],{"class":89},[71,34181,183],{"class":117},[71,34183,252],{"class":89},[71,34185,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34187,128],{"class":127},[71,34189,90],{"class":89},[71,34191,134],{"class":133},[71,34193,60],{"class":89},[71,34195,5694],{"class":133},[71,34197,7534],{"class":89},[20,34199,34200],{},"Not like this:",[62,34202,34204],{"className":64,"code":34203,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34205,34206,34211,34216],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34207,34208],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34209,34210],{"class":1439},"# Wrong examples:\n",[71,34212,34213],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34214,34215],{"class":1439},"# data().values()\n",[71,34217,34218],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,34219,34220],{"class":1439},"# values(data)\n",[20,34222,3669],{},[62,34224,34226],{"className":64,"code":34225,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34227,34228,34242,34252,34266],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34229,34230,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34231,128],{"class":127},[71,34233,90],{"class":89},[71,34235,735],{"class":85},[71,34237,90],{"class":89},[71,34239,11556],{"class":133},[71,34241,204],{"class":89},[71,34243,34244,34246,34248,34250],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34245,128],{"class":127},[71,34247,90],{"class":89},[71,34249,11556],{"class":133},[71,34251,121],{"class":89},[71,34253,34254,34256,34258,34260,34262,34264],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,34255,128],{"class":127},[71,34257,90],{"class":89},[71,34259,11556],{"class":133},[71,34261,60],{"class":89},[71,34263,5694],{"class":133},[71,34265,7534],{"class":89},[71,34267,34268,34270,34272,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,34269,128],{"class":127},[71,34271,90],{"class":89},[71,34273,8433],{"class":85},[71,34275,90],{"class":89},[71,34277,11556],{"class":133},[71,34279,60],{"class":89},[71,34281,5694],{"class":133},[71,34283,6627],{"class":89},[288,34285,2163],{"id":2162},[350,34287,5479,34289,5482],{"id":34288},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34290,32442],{},[20,34292,17536,34293,34295],{},[15,34294,17151],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[350,34297,12813,34299,24049],{"id":34298},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34300,17185],{},[20,34302,24052,34303,24056],{},[15,34304,34305],{},"list(...)",[350,34307,26175,34309,2172],{"id":34308},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34310,32442],{},[20,34312,34313,34314,26183],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34315,6294],{},[350,34317,12813,34319,34321],{"id":34318},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34320,32442],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34323,34324],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[350,34326,34328,34329,34331,34332,2172],{"id":34327},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34330,17185],{}," different from ",[15,34333,17192],{},[20,34335,34336,34338,34339,34341],{},[15,34337,17185],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34340,17192],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[288,34343,2221],{"id":2220},[40,34345,34346,34352,34358,34362,34368,34372],{},[43,34347,34348],{},[56,34349,1705,34350,1709],{"href":17176},[15,34351,17179],{},[43,34353,34354],{},[56,34355,1705,34356,1709],{"href":17189},[15,34357,17192],{},[43,34359,34360],{},[56,34361,2228],{"href":338},[43,34363,34364],{},[56,34365,34367],{"href":34366},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[43,34369,34370],{},[56,34371,24134],{"href":33291},[43,34373,34374],{},[56,34375,30468,34376],{"href":25797},[15,34377,34378],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2250,34380,34381],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":34383},[34384,34385,34387,34388,34390,34391,34392,34393,34395,34406,34418],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":32612,"depth":124,"text":34386},"What values() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":32682,"depth":124,"text":34389},"What values() returns",{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":33161,"depth":124,"text":33162},{"id":33294,"depth":124,"text":33295},{"id":33453,"depth":124,"text":34394},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":34396},[34397,34399,34401,34403,34405],{"id":33668,"depth":139,"text":34398},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33759,"depth":139,"text":34400},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33893,"depth":139,"text":34402},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34046,"depth":139,"text":34404},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34142,"depth":139,"text":34143},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":34407},[34408,34410,34412,34414,34416],{"id":34288,"depth":139,"text":34409},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34298,"depth":139,"text":34411},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34308,"depth":139,"text":34413},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34318,"depth":139,"text":34415},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34327,"depth":139,"text":34417},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32429,"description":34419},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34425,"title":34426,"body":34427,"description":35858,"extension":2292,"meta":35859,"navigation":142,"path":35860,"seo":35861,"stem":35862,"__hash__":35863},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34428,"toc":35810},[34429,34435,34440,34443,34459,34468,34470,34502,34508,34511,34606,34609,34614,34619,34622,34633,34635,34649,34655,34657,34662,34668,34671,34710,34718,34723,34726,34771,34774,34786,34792,34798,34802,34835,34838,34856,34859,34863,34902,34904,34924,34927,34939,34944,34950,34953,35008,35011,35022,35025,35036,35039,35043,35049,35051,35081,35084,35099,35102,35105,35124,35127,35143,35152,35154,35185,35191,35196,35199,35206,35237,35240,35262,35265,35268,35282,35286,35317,35332,35339,35346,35350,35358,35362,35370,35373,35422,35433,35435,35438,35444,35449,35459,35463,35466,35469,35473,35476,35478,35499,35503,35509,35520,35526,35528,35534,35558,35561,35624,35627,35655,35658,35720,35722,35727,35730,35737,35745,35752,35755,35763,35769,35771,35798,35807],[10,34430,13,34432,18],{"id":34431},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34433,34434],{},"dir()",[20,34436,32439,34437,34439],{},[15,34438,34434],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34441,34442],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[40,34444,34445,34448,34451,34456],{},[43,34446,34447],{},"learning Python",[43,34449,34450],{},"exploring a new object",[43,34452,34453,34454],{},"debugging an ",[15,34455,25790],{},[43,34457,34458],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34460,34461,34462,34464,34465],{},"In short, ",[15,34463,34434],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[30,34466,34467],{},"“What can I use here?”",[288,34469,2334],{"id":2333},[62,34471,34473],{"className":64,"code":34472,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34474,34475,34487],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34476,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34478,8215],{"class":77},[71,34480,82],{"class":81},[71,34482,3683],{"class":99},[71,34484,4177],{"class":103},[71,34486,3689],{"class":99},[71,34488,34489,34491,34493,34496,34498,34500],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34490,128],{"class":127},[71,34492,90],{"class":89},[71,34494,34495],{"class":127},"dir",[71,34497,90],{"class":89},[71,34499,94],{"class":133},[71,34501,204],{"class":89},[20,34503,283,34504,34507],{},[15,34505,34506],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34509,34510],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[62,34512,34514],{"className":64,"code":34513,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34515,34516],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34517,34518,34520,34522,34525,34527,34529,34531,34534,34536,34538,34540,34543,34545,34547,34549,34552,34554,34556,34558,34561,34563,34565,34567,34570,34572,34574,34578,34580,34582,34584,34586,34588,34590,34593,34595,34597,34599,34602,34604],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34519,4234],{"class":89},[71,34521,100],{"class":99},[71,34523,34524],{"class":103},"__add__",[71,34526,100],{"class":99},[71,34528,109],{"class":89},[71,34530,231],{"class":99},[71,34532,34533],{"class":103},"__class__",[71,34535,100],{"class":99},[71,34537,109],{"class":89},[71,34539,231],{"class":99},[71,34541,34542],{"class":103},"__contains__",[71,34544,100],{"class":99},[71,34546,109],{"class":89},[71,34548,231],{"class":99},[71,34550,34551],{"class":103},"__delattr__",[71,34553,100],{"class":99},[71,34555,109],{"class":89},[71,34557,231],{"class":99},[71,34559,34560],{"class":103},"__dir__",[71,34562,100],{"class":99},[71,34564,109],{"class":89},[71,34566,231],{"class":99},[71,34568,34569],{"class":103},"__doc__",[71,34571,100],{"class":99},[71,34573,109],{"class":89},[71,34575,34577],{"class":34576},"s_hVV"," ...",[71,34579,109],{"class":89},[71,34581,231],{"class":99},[71,34583,8982],{"class":103},[71,34585,100],{"class":99},[71,34587,109],{"class":89},[71,34589,231],{"class":99},[71,34591,34592],{"class":103},"split",[71,34594,100],{"class":99},[71,34596,109],{"class":89},[71,34598,231],{"class":99},[71,34600,34601],{"class":103},"upper",[71,34603,100],{"class":99},[71,34605,1757],{"class":89},[20,34607,34608],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[288,34610,291,34612,294],{"id":34611},"what-dir-does",[15,34613,34434],{},[20,34615,34616,34618],{},[15,34617,34434],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34620,34621],{},"It usually includes:",[40,34623,34624,34627,34630],{},[43,34625,34626],{},"attributes",[43,34628,34629],{},"methods",[43,34631,34632],{},"special Python names",[20,34634,11565],{},[40,34636,34637,34643,34646],{},[43,34638,34639,34640],{},"The result is a ",[30,34641,34642],{},"list of strings",[43,34644,34645],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[43,34647,34648],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34650,34651,34652,34654],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34653,34434],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[288,34656,343],{"id":342},[20,34658,34659,34661],{},[15,34660,34434],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[350,34663,34665,34667],{"id":34664},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34666,34434],{}," with no argument",[20,34669,34670],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[62,34672,34674],{"className":64,"code":34673,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34675,34676,34684,34696,34700],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34677,34678,34680,34682],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34679,3357],{"class":77},[71,34681,82],{"class":81},[71,34683,2918],{"class":117},[71,34685,34686,34688,34690,34692,34694],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34687,8215],{"class":77},[71,34689,82],{"class":81},[71,34691,3683],{"class":99},[71,34693,1470],{"class":103},[71,34695,3689],{"class":99},[71,34697,34698],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,34699,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,34701,34702,34704,34706,34708],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,34703,128],{"class":127},[71,34705,90],{"class":89},[71,34707,34495],{"class":127},[71,34709,7534],{"class":89},[20,34711,34712,34713,1560,34715,34717],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34714,1986],{},[15,34716,94],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[350,34719,34721],{"id":34720},"dirobject",[15,34722,34506],{},[20,34724,34725],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[62,34727,34729],{"className":64,"code":34728,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34730,34731,34749],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34732,34733,34735,34737,34739,34741,34743,34745,34747],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34734,128],{"class":127},[71,34736,90],{"class":89},[71,34738,34495],{"class":127},[71,34740,90],{"class":89},[71,34742,3184],{"class":99},[71,34744,4177],{"class":103},[71,34746,3184],{"class":99},[71,34748,204],{"class":89},[71,34750,34751,34753,34755,34757,34759,34761,34763,34765,34767,34769],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34752,128],{"class":127},[71,34754,90],{"class":89},[71,34756,34495],{"class":127},[71,34758,3317],{"class":89},[71,34760,3320],{"class":117},[71,34762,109],{"class":89},[71,34764,183],{"class":117},[71,34766,109],{"class":89},[71,34768,701],{"class":117},[71,34770,3331],{"class":89},[20,34772,34773],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[40,34775,34776,34778,34780,34783],{},[43,34777,5644],{},[43,34779,5635],{},[43,34781,34782],{},"modules",[43,34784,34785],{},"custom objects",[288,34787,8758,34789,34791],{"id":34788},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34790,34434],{}," with a value",[20,34793,34794,34795,34797],{},"A common use of ",[15,34796,34434],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[350,34799,34801],{"id":34800},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[62,34803,34805],{"className":64,"code":34804,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34806,34807,34820],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34808,34809,34812,34814,34816,34818],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34810,34811],{"class":77},"text ",[71,34813,82],{"class":81},[71,34815,3683],{"class":99},[71,34817,4177],{"class":103},[71,34819,3689],{"class":99},[71,34821,34822,34824,34826,34828,34830,34833],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34823,128],{"class":127},[71,34825,90],{"class":89},[71,34827,34495],{"class":127},[71,34829,90],{"class":89},[71,34831,34832],{"class":133},"text",[71,34834,204],{"class":89},[20,34836,34837],{},"You will see method names like:",[40,34839,34840,34844,34848,34852],{},[43,34841,34842],{},[15,34843,8982],{},[43,34845,34846],{},[15,34847,34601],{},[43,34849,34850],{},[15,34851,34592],{},[43,34853,34854],{},[15,34855,8976],{},[20,34857,34858],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[350,34860,34862],{"id":34861},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[62,34864,34866],{"className":64,"code":34865,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34867,34868,34888],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34869,34870,34872,34874,34876,34878,34880,34882,34884,34886],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34871,3950],{"class":77},[71,34873,82],{"class":81},[71,34875,1740],{"class":89},[71,34877,3320],{"class":117},[71,34879,109],{"class":89},[71,34881,183],{"class":117},[71,34883,109],{"class":89},[71,34885,701],{"class":117},[71,34887,1757],{"class":89},[71,34889,34890,34892,34894,34896,34898,34900],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34891,128],{"class":127},[71,34893,90],{"class":89},[71,34895,34495],{"class":127},[71,34897,90],{"class":89},[71,34899,3980],{"class":133},[71,34901,204],{"class":89},[20,34903,34837],{},[40,34905,34906,34910,34914,34919],{},[43,34907,34908],{},[15,34909,13664],{},[43,34911,34912],{},[15,34913,26360],{},[43,34915,34916],{},[15,34917,34918],{},"remove",[43,34920,34921],{},[15,34922,34923],{},"sort",[20,34925,34926],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34928,34929,34930,34935,34936,34938],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[56,34931,34933],{"href":34932},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34934,2632],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34937,34434],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[288,34940,8758,34942,34667],{"id":34941},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34943,34434],{},[20,34945,34946,34947,34949],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34948,34434],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34951,34952],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[62,34954,34956],{"className":64,"code":34955,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34957,34958,34967,34971,34982,34994,34998],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,34959,34960,34962,34964],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,34961,3357],{"class":77},[71,34963,82],{"class":81},[71,34965,34966],{"class":117}," 5\n",[71,34968,34969],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,34970,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,34972,34973,34976,34980],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,34974,34975],{"class":768},"def",[71,34977,34979],{"class":34978},"sGLFI"," greet",[71,34981,21712],{"class":89},[71,34983,34984,34987,34989,34992],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,34985,34986],{"class":4209},"    return",[71,34988,3683],{"class":99},[71,34990,34991],{"class":103},"Hello",[71,34993,3689],{"class":99},[71,34995,34996],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,34997,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,34999,35000,35002,35004,35006],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,35001,128],{"class":127},[71,35003,90],{"class":89},[71,35005,34495],{"class":127},[71,35007,7534],{"class":89},[20,35009,35010],{},"The output will include names like:",[40,35012,35013,35017],{},[43,35014,35015],{},[15,35016,1986],{},[43,35018,35019],{},[15,35020,35021],{},"greet",[20,35023,35024],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[40,35026,35027,35030,35033],{},[43,35028,35029],{},"what variables exist",[43,35031,35032],{},"what functions you have defined",[43,35034,35035],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35037,35038],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[288,35040,35042],{"id":35041},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35044,35045,35046,35048],{},"When you first use ",[15,35047,34434],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35050,2537],{},[62,35052,35053],{"className":64,"code":34804,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,35054,35055,35067],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35056,35057,35059,35061,35063,35065],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35058,34811],{"class":77},[71,35060,82],{"class":81},[71,35062,3683],{"class":99},[71,35064,4177],{"class":103},[71,35066,3689],{"class":99},[71,35068,35069,35071,35073,35075,35077,35079],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35070,128],{"class":127},[71,35072,90],{"class":89},[71,35074,34495],{"class":127},[71,35076,90],{"class":89},[71,35078,34832],{"class":133},[71,35080,204],{"class":89},[20,35082,35083],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[40,35085,35086,35090,35094],{},[43,35087,35088],{},[15,35089,34533],{},[43,35091,35092],{},[15,35093,34569],{},[43,35095,35096],{},[15,35097,35098],{},"__len__",[20,35100,35101],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35103,35104],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[40,35106,35107,35111,35115,35119],{},[43,35108,35109],{},[15,35110,34601],{},[43,35112,35113],{},[15,35114,8982],{},[43,35116,35117],{},[15,35118,34592],{},[43,35120,35121],{},[15,35122,35123],{},"replace",[20,35125,35126],{},"A key point to remember:",[40,35128,35129,35137],{},[43,35130,35131,35133,35134],{},[15,35132,34434],{}," lists ",[30,35135,35136],{},"names only",[43,35138,35139,35140,35142],{},"it does ",[30,35141,4967],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35144,35145,35146,60],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[56,35147,35149],{"href":35148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35150,35151],{},"help()",[20,35153,5808],{},[62,35155,35157],{"className":64,"code":35156,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35158,35159,35171],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35160,35161,35163,35165,35167,35169],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35162,8215],{"class":77},[71,35164,82],{"class":81},[71,35166,3683],{"class":99},[71,35168,4177],{"class":103},[71,35170,3689],{"class":99},[71,35172,35173,35175,35177,35179,35181,35183],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35174,32274],{"class":127},[71,35176,90],{"class":89},[71,35178,94],{"class":133},[71,35180,60],{"class":89},[71,35182,34601],{"class":24868},[71,35184,121],{"class":89},[288,35186,35188,35190],{"id":35187},"dir-on-modules",[15,35189,34434],{}," on modules",[20,35192,15827,35193,35195],{},[15,35194,34434],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35197,35198],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[350,35200,35202,35203,35205],{"id":35201},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35204,18532],{}," module",[62,35207,35209],{"className":64,"code":35208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35210,35211,35219,35223],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35212,35213,35216],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35214,35215],{"class":4209},"import",[71,35217,35218],{"class":77}," math\n",[71,35220,35221],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35222,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,35224,35225,35227,35229,35231,35233,35235],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,35226,128],{"class":127},[71,35228,90],{"class":89},[71,35230,34495],{"class":127},[71,35232,90],{"class":89},[71,35234,18532],{"class":133},[71,35236,204],{"class":89},[20,35238,35239],{},"You may see names like:",[40,35241,35242,35247,35252,35257],{},[43,35243,35244],{},[15,35245,35246],{},"sqrt",[43,35248,35249],{},[15,35250,35251],{},"ceil",[43,35253,35254],{},[15,35255,35256],{},"floor",[43,35258,35259],{},[15,35260,35261],{},"pi",[20,35263,35264],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35266,35267],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[40,35269,35270,35276],{},[43,35271,35272],{},[56,35273,35275],{"href":35274},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[43,35277,35278],{},[56,35279,35281],{"href":35280},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[350,35283,35285],{"id":35284},"another-example","Another example",[62,35287,35289],{"className":64,"code":35288,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35290,35291,35298,35302],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35292,35293,35295],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35294,35215],{"class":4209},[71,35296,35297],{"class":77}," json\n",[71,35299,35300],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35301,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,35303,35304,35306,35308,35310,35312,35315],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,35305,128],{"class":127},[71,35307,90],{"class":89},[71,35309,34495],{"class":127},[71,35311,90],{"class":89},[71,35313,35314],{"class":133},"json",[71,35316,204],{"class":89},[20,35318,35319,35320,2518,35323,2518,35326,17186,35329,60],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35321,35322],{},"dump",[15,35324,35325],{},"dumps",[15,35327,35328],{},"load",[15,35330,35331],{},"loads",[288,35333,35335,1552,35337],{"id":35334},"dir-vs-help",[15,35336,34434],{},[15,35338,35151],{},[20,35340,35341,1560,35343,35345],{},[15,35342,34434],{},[15,35344,35151],{}," are often used together.",[350,35347,35348],{"id":34495},[15,35349,34434],{},[40,35351,35352,35355],{},[43,35353,35354],{},"shows available names",[43,35356,35357],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[350,35359,35360],{"id":32274},[15,35361,35151],{},[40,35363,35364,35367],{},[43,35365,35366],{},"explains what an object or function does",[43,35368,35369],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35371,35372],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[62,35374,35376],{"className":64,"code":35375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35377,35378,35390,35394,35408],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35379,35380,35382,35384,35386,35388],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35381,8215],{"class":77},[71,35383,82],{"class":81},[71,35385,3683],{"class":99},[71,35387,4177],{"class":103},[71,35389,3689],{"class":99},[71,35391,35392],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35393,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,35395,35396,35398,35400,35402,35404,35406],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,35397,128],{"class":127},[71,35399,90],{"class":89},[71,35401,34495],{"class":127},[71,35403,90],{"class":89},[71,35405,94],{"class":133},[71,35407,204],{"class":89},[71,35409,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418,35420],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,35411,32274],{"class":127},[71,35413,90],{"class":89},[71,35415,94],{"class":133},[71,35417,60],{"class":89},[71,35419,34601],{"class":24868},[71,35421,121],{"class":89},[20,35423,283,35424,35426,35427,35429,35430,35432],{},[15,35425,34434],{}," first to find a method name.",[808,35428],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35431,35151],{}," to understand how to use it.",[288,35434,25476],{"id":25475},[20,35436,35437],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[350,35439,35441,35443],{"id":35440},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35442,34434],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35445,35446,35448],{},[15,35447,34434],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35450,35451,35452,35454,35455,35458],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35453,34601],{}," in ",[15,35456,35457],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[350,35460,35462],{"id":35461},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35464,35465],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35467,35468],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[350,35470,35472],{"id":35471},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35474,35475],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35477,5808],{},[40,35479,35480,35485,35491],{},[43,35481,35482,35484],{},[15,35483,35457],{}," shows string-related names",[43,35486,35487,35490],{},[15,35488,35489],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[43,35492,35493,35496,35497,35205],{},[15,35494,35495],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35498,18532],{},[350,35500,35502],{"id":35501},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35504,35505,35506,35508],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35507,34434],{}," does not mean you already know:",[40,35510,35511,35514,35517],{},[43,35512,35513],{},"what it does",[43,35515,35516],{},"what arguments it needs",[43,35518,35519],{},"what it returns",[20,35521,35522,35523,35525],{},"That is why ",[15,35524,35151],{}," is the natural next step.",[288,35527,2054],{"id":2053},[20,35529,35530,35531,35533],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35532,34434],{}," in these situations:",[40,35535,35536,35539,35548,35551],{},[43,35537,35538],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[43,35540,35541,35542,35547],{},"Seeing an ",[56,35543,35545],{"href":35544},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35546,25790],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[43,35549,35550],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[43,35552,8758,35553,35555,35556],{},[15,35554,34434],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35557,35151],{},[20,35559,35560],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[62,35562,35564],{"className":64,"code":35563,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35565,35566,35578,35582,35596,35610],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35567,35568,35570,35572,35574,35576],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35569,8215],{"class":77},[71,35571,82],{"class":81},[71,35573,3683],{"class":99},[71,35575,4177],{"class":103},[71,35577,3689],{"class":99},[71,35579,35580],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35581,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,35583,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592,35594],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,35585,128],{"class":127},[71,35587,90],{"class":89},[71,35589,735],{"class":85},[71,35591,90],{"class":89},[71,35593,94],{"class":133},[71,35595,204],{"class":89},[71,35597,35598,35600,35602,35604,35606,35608],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,35599,128],{"class":127},[71,35601,90],{"class":89},[71,35603,34495],{"class":127},[71,35605,90],{"class":89},[71,35607,94],{"class":133},[71,35609,204],{"class":89},[71,35611,35612,35614,35616,35618,35620,35622],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,35613,32274],{"class":127},[71,35615,90],{"class":89},[71,35617,94],{"class":133},[71,35619,60],{"class":89},[71,35621,34601],{"class":24868},[71,35623,121],{"class":89},[20,35625,35626],{},"And for modules:",[62,35628,35629],{"className":64,"code":35208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,35630,35631,35637,35641],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35632,35633,35635],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35634,35215],{"class":4209},[71,35636,35218],{"class":77},[71,35638,35639],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35640,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,35642,35643,35645,35647,35649,35651,35653],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,35644,128],{"class":127},[71,35646,90],{"class":89},[71,35648,34495],{"class":127},[71,35650,90],{"class":89},[71,35652,18532],{"class":133},[71,35654,204],{"class":89},[20,35656,35657],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[62,35659,35661],{"className":64,"code":35660,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35662,35663,35668,35680,35690,35704,35710],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35664,35665],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35666,35667],{"class":77},"python\n",[71,35669,35670,35672,35674,35676,35678],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35671,8215],{"class":77},[71,35673,82],{"class":81},[71,35675,3683],{"class":99},[71,35677,4177],{"class":103},[71,35679,3689],{"class":99},[71,35681,35682,35684,35686,35688],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,35683,34495],{"class":127},[71,35685,90],{"class":89},[71,35687,94],{"class":133},[71,35689,121],{"class":89},[71,35691,35692,35694,35696,35698,35700,35702],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,35693,32274],{"class":127},[71,35695,90],{"class":89},[71,35697,94],{"class":133},[71,35699,60],{"class":89},[71,35701,34601],{"class":24868},[71,35703,121],{"class":89},[71,35705,35706,35708],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,35707,35215],{"class":4209},[71,35709,35218],{"class":77},[71,35711,35712,35714,35716,35718],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,35713,34495],{"class":127},[71,35715,90],{"class":89},[71,35717,18532],{"class":133},[71,35719,121],{"class":89},[288,35721,2163],{"id":2162},[350,35723,5479,35725,5482],{"id":35724},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35726,34434],{},[20,35728,35729],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[350,35731,2167,35733,1560,35735,2172],{"id":35732},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35734,34434],{},[15,35736,35151],{},[20,35738,35739,35741,35742,35744],{},[15,35740,34434],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35743,35151],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[350,35746,35748,35749,35751],{"id":35747},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35750,34434],{}," output?",[20,35753,35754],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[350,35756,2184,35758,35760,35761,2172],{"id":35757},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35759,34434],{}," help fix ",[15,35762,25790],{},[20,35764,35765,35766,60],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[56,35767,35768],{"href":35544},"object has no attribute",[288,35770,2221],{"id":2220},[40,35772,35773,35779,35784,35788,35792],{},[43,35774,35775],{},[56,35776,13,35777,3841],{"href":35148},[15,35778,35151],{},[43,35780,35781],{},[56,35782,35783],{"href":35544},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[43,35785,35786],{},[56,35787,35275],{"href":35274},[43,35789,35790],{},[56,35791,35281],{"href":35280},[43,35793,35794],{},[56,35795,13,35796,3841],{"href":34932},[15,35797,2632],{},[20,35799,35800,35801,35803,35804,35806],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35802,34434],{}," together with ",[15,35805,35151],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2250,35808,35809],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":35811},[35812,35813,35815,35820,35825,35827,35828,35834,35839,35846,35847,35857],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":34611,"depth":124,"text":35814},"What dir() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":35816},[35817,35819],{"id":34664,"depth":139,"text":35818},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34720,"depth":139,"text":34506},{"id":34788,"depth":124,"text":35821,"children":35822},"Using dir() with a value",[35823,35824],{"id":34800,"depth":139,"text":34801},{"id":34861,"depth":139,"text":34862},{"id":34941,"depth":124,"text":35826},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35041,"depth":124,"text":35042},{"id":35187,"depth":124,"text":35829,"children":35830},"dir() on modules",[35831,35833],{"id":35201,"depth":139,"text":35832},"Example: math module",{"id":35284,"depth":139,"text":35285},{"id":35334,"depth":124,"text":35835,"children":35836},"dir() vs help()",[35837,35838],{"id":34495,"depth":139,"text":34434},{"id":32274,"depth":139,"text":35151},{"id":25475,"depth":124,"text":25476,"children":35840},[35841,35843,35844,35845],{"id":35440,"depth":139,"text":35842},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35461,"depth":139,"text":35462},{"id":35471,"depth":139,"text":35472},{"id":35501,"depth":139,"text":35502},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":35848},[35849,35851,35853,35855],{"id":35724,"depth":139,"text":35850},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35732,"depth":139,"text":35852},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35747,"depth":139,"text":35854},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35757,"depth":139,"text":35856},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34426,"description":35858},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35865,"title":35866,"body":35867,"description":37687,"extension":2292,"meta":37688,"navigation":142,"path":37689,"seo":37690,"stem":37691,"__hash__":37692},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35868,"toc":37656},[35869,35875,35880,35883,35891,35897,35899,35979,35981,36007,36012,36017,36022,36025,36036,36039,36041,36120,36122,36148,36155,36157,36159,36184,36187,36200,36205,36207,36288,36290,36316,36325,36330,36338,36344,36351,36354,36356,36435,36438,36495,36497,36534,36540,36545,36550,36553,36567,36569,36672,36674,36717,36726,36736,36743,36749,36756,36839,36841,36864,36867,36870,36872,36876,36880,36883,36946,36969,36972,36976,36982,36984,37051,37054,37131,37136,37142,37145,37148,37194,37196,37220,37225,37229,37234,37240,37303,37306,37308,37311,37336,37339,37474,37476,37577,37579,37584,37587,37593,37603,37611,37616,37622,37628,37630,37653],[10,35870,13,35872,18],{"id":35871},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35873,35874],{},"enumerate()",[20,35876,35877,35879],{},[15,35878,35874],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35881,35882],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[40,35884,35885,35888],{},[43,35886,35887],{},"the item itself",[43,35889,35890],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35892,35893,35894,35896],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35895,35874],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[288,35898,2334],{"id":2333},[62,35900,35902],{"className":64,"code":35901,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35903,35904,35936,35940,35963],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35905,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918,35920,35922,35924,35926,35928,35930,35932,35934],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35907,13186],{"class":77},[71,35909,82],{"class":81},[71,35911,1740],{"class":89},[71,35913,3184],{"class":99},[71,35915,13203],{"class":103},[71,35917,3184],{"class":99},[71,35919,109],{"class":89},[71,35921,3683],{"class":99},[71,35923,17570],{"class":103},[71,35925,3184],{"class":99},[71,35927,109],{"class":89},[71,35929,3683],{"class":99},[71,35931,13220],{"class":103},[71,35933,3184],{"class":99},[71,35935,1757],{"class":89},[71,35937,35938],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35939,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,35941,35942,35944,35947,35949,35952,35954,35957,35959,35961],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,35943,6294],{"class":4209},[71,35945,35946],{"class":77}," index",[71,35948,109],{"class":89},[71,35950,35951],{"class":77}," color ",[71,35953,4216],{"class":4209},[71,35955,35956],{"class":127}," enumerate",[71,35958,90],{"class":89},[71,35960,17617],{"class":133},[71,35962,8682],{"class":89},[71,35964,35965,35967,35969,35972,35974,35977],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,35966,8408],{"class":127},[71,35968,90],{"class":89},[71,35970,35971],{"class":133},"index",[71,35973,109],{"class":89},[71,35975,35976],{"class":133}," color",[71,35978,121],{"class":89},[20,35980,209],{},[62,35982,35984],{"className":64,"code":35983,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35985,35986,35993,36000],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,35987,35988,35990],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,35989,2449],{"class":117},[71,35991,35992],{"class":77}," red\n",[71,35994,35995,35997],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,35996,3320],{"class":117},[71,35998,35999],{"class":77}," green\n",[71,36001,36002,36004],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36003,630],{"class":117},[71,36005,36006],{"class":77}," blue\n",[20,36008,283,36009,36011],{},[15,36010,35874],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[288,36013,291,36015,294],{"id":36014},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36016,35874],{},[20,36018,36019,36021],{},[15,36020,35874],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36023,36024],{},"It is commonly used with:",[40,36026,36027,36029,36031,36033],{},[43,36028,5635],{},[43,36030,5638],{},[43,36032,5644],{},[43,36034,36035],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36037,36038],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36040,2537],{},[62,36042,36044],{"className":64,"code":36043,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36045,36046,36080,36084,36105],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36047,36048,36050,36052,36054,36056,36058,36060,36062,36064,36067,36069,36071,36073,36076,36078],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36049,5332],{"class":77},[71,36051,82],{"class":81},[71,36053,1740],{"class":89},[71,36055,3184],{"class":99},[71,36057,12990],{"class":103},[71,36059,3184],{"class":99},[71,36061,109],{"class":89},[71,36063,3683],{"class":99},[71,36065,36066],{"class":103},"Ben",[71,36068,3184],{"class":99},[71,36070,109],{"class":89},[71,36072,3683],{"class":99},[71,36074,36075],{"class":103},"Cara",[71,36077,3184],{"class":99},[71,36079,1757],{"class":89},[71,36081,36082],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36083,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,36085,36086,36088,36090,36092,36095,36097,36099,36101,36103],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36087,6294],{"class":4209},[71,36089,35946],{"class":77},[71,36091,109],{"class":89},[71,36093,36094],{"class":77}," name ",[71,36096,4216],{"class":4209},[71,36098,35956],{"class":127},[71,36100,90],{"class":89},[71,36102,5375],{"class":133},[71,36104,8682],{"class":89},[71,36106,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115,36118],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,36108,8408],{"class":127},[71,36110,90],{"class":89},[71,36112,35971],{"class":133},[71,36114,109],{"class":89},[71,36116,36117],{"class":133}," name",[71,36119,121],{"class":89},[20,36121,209],{},[62,36123,36125],{"className":64,"code":36124,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36126,36127,36134,36141],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36128,36129,36131],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36130,2449],{"class":117},[71,36132,36133],{"class":77}," Ana\n",[71,36135,36136,36138],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36137,3320],{"class":117},[71,36139,36140],{"class":77}," Ben\n",[71,36142,36143,36145],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36144,630],{"class":117},[71,36146,36147],{"class":77}," Cara\n",[20,36149,36150,36151,60],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[56,36152,36154],{"href":36153},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[288,36156,343],{"id":342},[20,36158,2489],{},[62,36160,36162],{"className":64,"code":36161,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36163,36164],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36165,36166,36169,36171,36173,36175,36178,36180,36182],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36167,36168],{"class":127},"enumerate",[71,36170,90],{"class":89},[71,36172,4052],{"class":133},[71,36174,109],{"class":89},[71,36176,36177],{"class":93}," start",[71,36179,82],{"class":81},[71,36181,2449],{"class":117},[71,36183,121],{"class":89},[20,36185,36186],{},"It has two parts:",[40,36188,36189,36194],{},[43,36190,36191,36193],{},[15,36192,4052],{},": the object you want to loop through",[43,36195,36196,36199],{},[15,36197,36198],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36201,36202,36203,60],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36204,2449],{},[20,36206,2537],{},[62,36208,36210],{"className":64,"code":36209,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36211,36212,36245,36249,36272],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36213,36214,36217,36219,36221,36223,36225,36227,36229,36231,36233,36235,36237,36239,36241,36243],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36215,36216],{"class":77},"letters ",[71,36218,82],{"class":81},[71,36220,1740],{"class":89},[71,36222,3184],{"class":99},[71,36224,56],{"class":103},[71,36226,3184],{"class":99},[71,36228,109],{"class":89},[71,36230,3683],{"class":99},[71,36232,176],{"class":103},[71,36234,3184],{"class":99},[71,36236,109],{"class":89},[71,36238,3683],{"class":99},[71,36240,694],{"class":103},[71,36242,3184],{"class":99},[71,36244,1757],{"class":89},[71,36246,36247],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36248,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,36250,36251,36253,36256,36258,36261,36263,36265,36267,36270],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36252,6294],{"class":4209},[71,36254,36255],{"class":77}," i",[71,36257,109],{"class":89},[71,36259,36260],{"class":77}," letter ",[71,36262,4216],{"class":4209},[71,36264,35956],{"class":127},[71,36266,90],{"class":89},[71,36268,36269],{"class":133},"letters",[71,36271,8682],{"class":89},[71,36273,36274,36276,36278,36281,36283,36286],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,36275,8408],{"class":127},[71,36277,90],{"class":89},[71,36279,36280],{"class":133},"i",[71,36282,109],{"class":89},[71,36284,36285],{"class":133}," letter",[71,36287,121],{"class":89},[20,36289,209],{},[62,36291,36293],{"className":64,"code":36292,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36294,36295,36302,36309],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36296,36297,36299],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36298,2449],{"class":117},[71,36300,36301],{"class":77}," a\n",[71,36303,36304,36306],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36305,3320],{"class":117},[71,36307,36308],{"class":77}," b\n",[71,36310,36311,36313],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36312,630],{"class":117},[71,36314,36315],{"class":77}," c\n",[20,36317,36318,36319,60],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[56,36320,13,36322,3841],{"href":36321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36323,36324],{},"range()",[288,36326,291,36328,11813],{"id":36327},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36329,35874],{},[20,36331,36332,36334,36335,60],{},[15,36333,35874],{}," returns an ",[30,36336,36337],{},"enumerate object",[20,36339,36340,36341,36343],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36342,6294],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[40,36345,36346],{},[43,36347,36348],{},[15,36349,36350],{},"(index, item)",[20,36352,36353],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36355,2537],{},[62,36357,36359],{"className":64,"code":36358,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36360,36361,36394,36398,36420],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36362,36363,36366,36368,36370,36372,36374,36376,36378,36380,36382,36384,36386,36388,36390,36392],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36364,36365],{"class":77},"fruits ",[71,36367,82],{"class":81},[71,36369,1740],{"class":89},[71,36371,3184],{"class":99},[71,36373,4414],{"class":103},[71,36375,3184],{"class":99},[71,36377,109],{"class":89},[71,36379,3683],{"class":99},[71,36381,4423],{"class":103},[71,36383,3184],{"class":99},[71,36385,109],{"class":89},[71,36387,3683],{"class":99},[71,36389,33343],{"class":103},[71,36391,3184],{"class":99},[71,36393,1757],{"class":89},[71,36395,36396],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36397,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,36399,36400,36402,36404,36406,36409,36411,36413,36415,36418],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36401,6294],{"class":4209},[71,36403,35946],{"class":77},[71,36405,109],{"class":89},[71,36407,36408],{"class":77}," fruit ",[71,36410,4216],{"class":4209},[71,36412,35956],{"class":127},[71,36414,90],{"class":89},[71,36416,36417],{"class":133},"fruits",[71,36419,8682],{"class":89},[71,36421,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430,36433],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,36423,8408],{"class":127},[71,36425,90],{"class":89},[71,36427,35971],{"class":133},[71,36429,109],{"class":89},[71,36431,36432],{"class":133}," fruit",[71,36434,121],{"class":89},[20,36436,36437],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[62,36439,36441],{"className":64,"code":36440,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36442,36443,36463,36467,36485],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36444,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36446,3950],{"class":77},[71,36448,82],{"class":81},[71,36450,1740],{"class":89},[71,36452,2661],{"class":117},[71,36454,109],{"class":89},[71,36456,8129],{"class":117},[71,36458,109],{"class":89},[71,36460,8134],{"class":117},[71,36462,1757],{"class":89},[71,36464,36465],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36466,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,36468,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477,36479,36481,36483],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36470,1102],{"class":77},[71,36472,82],{"class":81},[71,36474,22677],{"class":85},[71,36476,90],{"class":89},[71,36478,36168],{"class":127},[71,36480,90],{"class":89},[71,36482,3980],{"class":133},[71,36484,204],{"class":89},[71,36486,36487,36489,36491,36493],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,36488,128],{"class":127},[71,36490,90],{"class":89},[71,36492,2594],{"class":133},[71,36494,121],{"class":89},[20,36496,209],{},[62,36498,36500],{"className":64,"code":36499,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36501,36502],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36503,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36505,21857],{"class":89},[71,36507,2449],{"class":117},[71,36509,109],{"class":89},[71,36511,6341],{"class":117},[71,36513,168],{"class":89},[71,36515,171],{"class":89},[71,36517,3320],{"class":117},[71,36519,109],{"class":89},[71,36521,8129],{"class":117},[71,36523,168],{"class":89},[71,36525,171],{"class":89},[71,36527,630],{"class":117},[71,36529,109],{"class":89},[71,36531,8134],{"class":117},[71,36533,186],{"class":89},[20,36535,36536,36537,36539],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36538,35874],{}," produces.",[288,36541,5298,36543],{"id":36542},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36544,35874],{},[20,36546,283,36547,36549],{},[15,36548,35874],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36551,36552],{},"Common cases:",[40,36554,36555,36558,36561,36564],{},[43,36556,36557],{},"printing numbered output",[43,36559,36560],{},"building menus",[43,36562,36563],{},"showing positions in a list",[43,36565,36566],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36568,2537],{},[62,36570,36572],{"className":64,"code":36571,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36573,36574,36609,36613,36643],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36575,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36587,36589,36591,36593,36596,36598,36600,36602,36605,36607],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36577,30018],{"class":77},[71,36579,82],{"class":81},[71,36581,1740],{"class":89},[71,36583,3184],{"class":99},[71,36585,36586],{"class":103},"Wash dishes",[71,36588,3184],{"class":99},[71,36590,109],{"class":89},[71,36592,3683],{"class":99},[71,36594,36595],{"class":103},"Study Python",[71,36597,3184],{"class":99},[71,36599,109],{"class":89},[71,36601,3683],{"class":99},[71,36603,36604],{"class":103},"Go for a walk",[71,36606,3184],{"class":99},[71,36608,1757],{"class":89},[71,36610,36611],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36612,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,36614,36615,36617,36619,36621,36624,36626,36628,36630,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36616,6294],{"class":4209},[71,36618,2526],{"class":77},[71,36620,109],{"class":89},[71,36622,36623],{"class":77}," task ",[71,36625,4216],{"class":4209},[71,36627,35956],{"class":127},[71,36629,90],{"class":89},[71,36631,36632],{"class":133},"tasks",[71,36634,109],{"class":89},[71,36636,36177],{"class":93},[71,36638,82],{"class":81},[71,36640,3320],{"class":117},[71,36642,8682],{"class":89},[71,36644,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36666,36668,36670],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,36646,8408],{"class":127},[71,36648,90],{"class":89},[71,36650,22411],{"class":768},[71,36652,3184],{"class":103},[71,36654,219],{"class":117},[71,36656,2569],{"class":133},[71,36658,22420],{"class":117},[71,36660,28433],{"class":103},[71,36662,219],{"class":117},[71,36664,36665],{"class":133},"task",[71,36667,22420],{"class":117},[71,36669,3184],{"class":103},[71,36671,121],{"class":89},[20,36673,209],{},[62,36675,36677],{"className":64,"code":36676,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36678,36679,36691,36703],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36680,36681,36683,36685,36688],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36682,3320],{"class":117},[71,36684,60],{"class":89},[71,36686,36687],{"class":24868}," Wash",[71,36689,36690],{"class":77}," dishes\n",[71,36692,36693,36695,36697,36700],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36694,630],{"class":117},[71,36696,60],{"class":89},[71,36698,36699],{"class":24868}," Study",[71,36701,36702],{"class":77}," Python\n",[71,36704,36705,36707,36709,36712,36714],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36706,640],{"class":117},[71,36708,60],{"class":89},[71,36710,36711],{"class":24868}," Go",[71,36713,4210],{"class":4209},[71,36715,36716],{"class":77}," a walk\n",[20,36718,36719,36720,36722,36723,60],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36721,35874],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36724,36725],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36727,36728,36729,60],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[56,36730,36732,36733,36735],{"href":36731},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36734,35874],{}," in Python",[288,36737,36739,36740,36742],{"id":36738},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36741,36198],{}," argument",[20,36744,36745,36746,36748],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36747,36198],{}," argument.",[20,36750,36751,36752,2069,36754,228],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36753,3320],{},[15,36755,2449],{},[62,36757,36759],{"className":64,"code":36758,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36760,36761,36793,36797,36825],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36762,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36764,13186],{"class":77},[71,36766,82],{"class":81},[71,36768,1740],{"class":89},[71,36770,3184],{"class":99},[71,36772,13203],{"class":103},[71,36774,3184],{"class":99},[71,36776,109],{"class":89},[71,36778,3683],{"class":99},[71,36780,17570],{"class":103},[71,36782,3184],{"class":99},[71,36784,109],{"class":89},[71,36786,3683],{"class":99},[71,36788,13220],{"class":103},[71,36790,3184],{"class":99},[71,36792,1757],{"class":89},[71,36794,36795],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36796,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,36798,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36800,6294],{"class":4209},[71,36802,35946],{"class":77},[71,36804,109],{"class":89},[71,36806,35951],{"class":77},[71,36808,4216],{"class":4209},[71,36810,35956],{"class":127},[71,36812,90],{"class":89},[71,36814,17617],{"class":133},[71,36816,109],{"class":89},[71,36818,36177],{"class":93},[71,36820,82],{"class":81},[71,36822,3320],{"class":117},[71,36824,8682],{"class":89},[71,36826,36827,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,36828,8408],{"class":127},[71,36830,90],{"class":89},[71,36832,35971],{"class":133},[71,36834,109],{"class":89},[71,36836,35976],{"class":133},[71,36838,121],{"class":89},[20,36840,209],{},[62,36842,36844],{"className":64,"code":36843,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36845,36846,36852,36858],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36847,36848,36850],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36849,3320],{"class":117},[71,36851,35992],{"class":77},[71,36853,36854,36856],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36855,630],{"class":117},[71,36857,35999],{"class":77},[71,36859,36860,36862],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36861,640],{"class":117},[71,36863,36006],{"class":77},[20,36865,36866],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36868,36869],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[288,36871,25476],{"id":25475},[20,36873,25479,36874,60],{},[15,36875,35874],{},[350,36877,36879],{"id":36878},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36881,36882],{},"In this loop:",[62,36884,36886],{"className":64,"code":36885,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36887,36888,36908,36912,36932],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36889,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36891,3950],{"class":77},[71,36893,82],{"class":81},[71,36895,1740],{"class":89},[71,36897,2661],{"class":117},[71,36899,109],{"class":89},[71,36901,8129],{"class":117},[71,36903,109],{"class":89},[71,36905,8134],{"class":117},[71,36907,1757],{"class":89},[71,36909,36910],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,36911,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,36913,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,36915,6294],{"class":4209},[71,36917,35946],{"class":77},[71,36919,109],{"class":89},[71,36921,21701],{"class":77},[71,36923,4216],{"class":4209},[71,36925,35956],{"class":127},[71,36927,90],{"class":89},[71,36929,3980],{"class":133},[71,36931,8682],{"class":89},[71,36933,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,36935,8408],{"class":127},[71,36937,90],{"class":89},[71,36939,35971],{"class":133},[71,36941,109],{"class":89},[71,36943,8774],{"class":133},[71,36945,121],{"class":89},[40,36947,36948,36958],{},[43,36949,36950,5120,36952,2518,36954,2518,36956],{},[15,36951,35971],{},[15,36953,2449],{},[15,36955,3320],{},[15,36957,630],{},[43,36959,36960,5120,36962,2518,36964,2518,36966],{},[15,36961,2804],{},[15,36963,2661],{},[15,36965,15867],{},[15,36967,36968],{},"30",[20,36970,36971],{},"These are different things.",[350,36973,36975],{"id":36974},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36977,36978,36979,36981],{},"Each item from ",[15,36980,35874],{}," is a pair.",[20,36983,7027],{},[62,36985,36987],{"className":64,"code":36986,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36988,36989,37013,37017,37037],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,36990,36991,36993,36995,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,36992,1735],{"class":77},[71,36994,82],{"class":81},[71,36996,1740],{"class":89},[71,36998,3184],{"class":99},[71,37000,1986],{"class":103},[71,37002,3184],{"class":99},[71,37004,109],{"class":89},[71,37006,3683],{"class":99},[71,37008,11853],{"class":103},[71,37010,3184],{"class":99},[71,37012,1757],{"class":89},[71,37014,37015],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37016,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,37018,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,37020,6294],{"class":4209},[71,37022,36255],{"class":77},[71,37024,109],{"class":89},[71,37026,6297],{"class":77},[71,37028,4216],{"class":4209},[71,37030,35956],{"class":127},[71,37032,90],{"class":89},[71,37034,1770],{"class":133},[71,37036,8682],{"class":89},[71,37038,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,37040,8408],{"class":127},[71,37042,90],{"class":89},[71,37044,36280],{"class":133},[71,37046,109],{"class":89},[71,37048,29627],{"class":133},[71,37050,121],{"class":89},[20,37052,37053],{},"But this causes an error:",[62,37055,37057],{"className":64,"code":37056,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37058,37059,37083,37087,37112],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37060,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37062,1735],{"class":77},[71,37064,82],{"class":81},[71,37066,1740],{"class":89},[71,37068,3184],{"class":99},[71,37070,1986],{"class":103},[71,37072,3184],{"class":99},[71,37074,109],{"class":89},[71,37076,3683],{"class":99},[71,37078,11853],{"class":103},[71,37080,3184],{"class":99},[71,37082,1757],{"class":89},[71,37084,37085],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37086,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,37088,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,37090,6294],{"class":4209},[71,37092,36255],{"class":77},[71,37094,109],{"class":89},[71,37096,29627],{"class":77},[71,37098,109],{"class":89},[71,37100,37101],{"class":77}," extra ",[71,37103,4216],{"class":4209},[71,37105,35956],{"class":127},[71,37107,90],{"class":89},[71,37109,1770],{"class":133},[71,37111,8682],{"class":89},[71,37113,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37129],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,37115,8408],{"class":127},[71,37117,90],{"class":89},[71,37119,36280],{"class":133},[71,37121,109],{"class":89},[71,37123,29627],{"class":133},[71,37125,109],{"class":89},[71,37127,37128],{"class":133}," extra",[71,37130,121],{"class":89},[20,37132,29181,37133,37135],{},[15,37134,35874],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[350,37137,37139,37141],{"id":37138},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37140,35874],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37143,37144],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37146,37147],{},"Example with a string:",[62,37149,37151],{"className":64,"code":37150,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37152,37153,37179],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37154,37155,37157,37159,37161,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172,37175,37177],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37156,6294],{"class":4209},[71,37158,35946],{"class":77},[71,37160,109],{"class":89},[71,37162,37163],{"class":77}," char ",[71,37165,4216],{"class":4209},[71,37167,35956],{"class":127},[71,37169,90],{"class":89},[71,37171,3184],{"class":99},[71,37173,37174],{"class":103},"cat",[71,37176,3184],{"class":99},[71,37178,8682],{"class":89},[71,37180,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37192],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37182,8408],{"class":127},[71,37184,90],{"class":89},[71,37186,35971],{"class":133},[71,37188,109],{"class":89},[71,37190,37191],{"class":133}," char",[71,37193,121],{"class":89},[20,37195,209],{},[62,37197,37199],{"className":64,"code":37198,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37200,37201,37207,37213],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37202,37203,37205],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37204,2449],{"class":117},[71,37206,36315],{"class":77},[71,37208,37209,37211],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37210,3320],{"class":117},[71,37212,36301],{"class":77},[71,37214,37215,37217],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,37216,630],{"class":117},[71,37218,37219],{"class":77}," t\n",[20,37221,37222,37223,60],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[56,37224,5473],{"href":5922},[350,37226,37228],{"id":37227},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37230,37231,37232,60],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37233,35874],{},[20,37235,37236,37237,37239],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37238,6294],{}," loop:",[62,37241,37243],{"className":64,"code":37242,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37244,37245,37277,37281,37293],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37246,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37248,13186],{"class":77},[71,37250,82],{"class":81},[71,37252,1740],{"class":89},[71,37254,3184],{"class":99},[71,37256,13203],{"class":103},[71,37258,3184],{"class":99},[71,37260,109],{"class":89},[71,37262,3683],{"class":99},[71,37264,17570],{"class":103},[71,37266,3184],{"class":99},[71,37268,109],{"class":89},[71,37270,3683],{"class":99},[71,37272,13220],{"class":103},[71,37274,3184],{"class":99},[71,37276,1757],{"class":89},[71,37278,37279],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37280,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,37282,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,37284,6294],{"class":4209},[71,37286,35951],{"class":77},[71,37288,4216],{"class":4209},[71,37290,13234],{"class":77},[71,37292,6731],{"class":89},[71,37294,37295,37297,37299,37301],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,37296,8408],{"class":127},[71,37298,90],{"class":89},[71,37300,33013],{"class":133},[71,37302,121],{"class":89},[20,37304,37305],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[288,37307,2054],{"id":2053},[20,37309,37310],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[40,37312,37313,37318,37324,37329],{},[43,37314,23218,37315,37317],{},[15,37316,35874],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[43,37319,37320,37321,37323],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37322,2449],{}," by default",[43,37325,8758,37326,37328],{},[15,37327,35874],{}," when only values are needed",[43,37330,37331,37332,9046,37334],{},"Confusing ",[15,37333,35874],{},[15,37335,36324],{},[20,37337,37338],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[62,37340,37342],{"className":64,"code":37341,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37343,37344,37366,37393,37427,37460],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37345,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37347,128],{"class":127},[71,37349,90],{"class":89},[71,37351,36168],{"class":127},[71,37353,3317],{"class":89},[71,37355,2661],{"class":117},[71,37357,109],{"class":89},[71,37359,8129],{"class":117},[71,37361,109],{"class":89},[71,37363,8134],{"class":117},[71,37365,3331],{"class":89},[71,37367,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37369,128],{"class":127},[71,37371,90],{"class":89},[71,37373,8433],{"class":85},[71,37375,90],{"class":89},[71,37377,36168],{"class":127},[71,37379,3317],{"class":89},[71,37381,2661],{"class":117},[71,37383,109],{"class":89},[71,37385,8129],{"class":117},[71,37387,109],{"class":89},[71,37389,8134],{"class":117},[71,37391,37392],{"class":89},"])))\n",[71,37394,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,37396,128],{"class":127},[71,37398,90],{"class":89},[71,37400,8433],{"class":85},[71,37402,90],{"class":89},[71,37404,36168],{"class":127},[71,37406,3317],{"class":89},[71,37408,2661],{"class":117},[71,37410,109],{"class":89},[71,37412,8129],{"class":117},[71,37414,109],{"class":89},[71,37416,8134],{"class":117},[71,37418,18177],{"class":89},[71,37420,36177],{"class":93},[71,37422,82],{"class":81},[71,37424,3320],{"class":117},[71,37426,3243],{"class":89},[71,37428,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437,37439,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,37430,6294],{"class":4209},[71,37432,36255],{"class":77},[71,37434,109],{"class":89},[71,37436,21701],{"class":77},[71,37438,4216],{"class":4209},[71,37440,35956],{"class":127},[71,37442,3317],{"class":89},[71,37444,100],{"class":99},[71,37446,56],{"class":103},[71,37448,100],{"class":99},[71,37450,109],{"class":89},[71,37452,231],{"class":99},[71,37454,176],{"class":103},[71,37456,100],{"class":99},[71,37458,37459],{"class":89},"]):\n",[71,37461,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,37463,8408],{"class":127},[71,37465,90],{"class":89},[71,37467,36280],{"class":133},[71,37469,109],{"class":89},[71,37471,8774],{"class":133},[71,37473,121],{"class":89},[20,37475,17072],{},[62,37477,37479],{"className":64,"code":37478,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37480,37481,37501,37533,37565,37571],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37482,37483,37485,37487,37489,37492,37496,37499],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37484,765],{"class":81},[71,37486,36168],{"class":127},[71,37488,24735],{"class":85},[71,37490,37491],{"class":77}," at ",[71,37493,37495],{"class":37494},"srjyR","0x",[71,37497,37498],{"class":34576},"...",[71,37500,778],{"class":81},[71,37502,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529,37531],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37504,21857],{"class":89},[71,37506,2449],{"class":117},[71,37508,109],{"class":89},[71,37510,6341],{"class":117},[71,37512,168],{"class":89},[71,37514,171],{"class":89},[71,37516,3320],{"class":117},[71,37518,109],{"class":89},[71,37520,8129],{"class":117},[71,37522,168],{"class":89},[71,37524,171],{"class":89},[71,37526,630],{"class":117},[71,37528,109],{"class":89},[71,37530,8134],{"class":117},[71,37532,186],{"class":89},[71,37534,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,37536,21857],{"class":89},[71,37538,3320],{"class":117},[71,37540,109],{"class":89},[71,37542,6341],{"class":117},[71,37544,168],{"class":89},[71,37546,171],{"class":89},[71,37548,630],{"class":117},[71,37550,109],{"class":89},[71,37552,8129],{"class":117},[71,37554,168],{"class":89},[71,37556,171],{"class":89},[71,37558,640],{"class":117},[71,37560,109],{"class":89},[71,37562,8134],{"class":117},[71,37564,186],{"class":89},[71,37566,37567,37569],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,37568,2449],{"class":117},[71,37570,36301],{"class":77},[71,37572,37573,37575],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,37574,3320],{"class":117},[71,37576,36308],{"class":77},[288,37578,2163],{"id":2162},[350,37580,5479,37582,5482],{"id":37581},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37583,35874],{},[20,37585,37586],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[350,37588,12813,37590,37592],{"id":37589},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37591,35874],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37594,37595,37596,37598,37599,37602],{},"It starts at ",[15,37597,2449],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37600,37601],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[350,37604,21537,37606,2069,37608,2172],{"id":37605},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37607,35874],{},[15,37609,37610],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37612,36719,37613,37615],{},[15,37614,35874],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[350,37617,2184,37619,37621],{"id":37618},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37620,35874],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37623,37624,37625,37627],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37626,35874],{}," can return each character with its index.",[288,37629,2221],{"id":2220},[40,37631,37632,37636,37642,37649],{},[43,37633,37634],{},[56,37635,36154],{"href":36153},[43,37637,37638],{},[56,37639,13,37640,3841],{"href":36321},[15,37641,36324],{},[43,37643,37644],{},[56,37645,37646,37647,36735],{"href":36731},"How to use ",[15,37648,35874],{},[43,37650,37651],{},[56,37652,5551],{"href":5922},[2250,37654,37655],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":37657},[37658,37659,37661,37662,37664,37666,37668,37675,37676,37686],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":36014,"depth":124,"text":37660},"What enumerate() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":36327,"depth":124,"text":37663},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36542,"depth":124,"text":37665},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36738,"depth":124,"text":37667},"Using the start argument",{"id":25475,"depth":124,"text":25476,"children":37669},[37670,37671,37672,37674],{"id":36878,"depth":139,"text":36879},{"id":36974,"depth":139,"text":36975},{"id":37138,"depth":139,"text":37673},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37227,"depth":139,"text":37228},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":37677},[37678,37680,37682,37684],{"id":37581,"depth":139,"text":37679},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37589,"depth":139,"text":37681},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37605,"depth":139,"text":37683},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37618,"depth":139,"text":37685},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35866,"description":37687},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37694,"title":37695,"body":37696,"description":40212,"extension":2292,"meta":40213,"navigation":142,"path":40214,"seo":40215,"stem":40216,"__hash__":40217},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37697,"toc":40169},[37698,37704,37709,37712,37720,37734,37736,37827,37835,37840,37845,37847,37863,37865,37944,37946,37963,37969,37973,37975,37996,38000,38003,38015,38019,38022,38025,38042,38045,38121,38123,38140,38145,38149,38157,38160,38175,38177,38266,38268,38313,38316,38320,38323,38402,38404,38426,38429,38436,38441,38444,38547,38549,38574,38577,38584,38590,38595,38598,38609,38715,38717,38738,38746,38753,38759,38778,38783,38786,38805,38807,38892,38894,38923,38926,38931,38936,38939,38950,38952,39041,39043,39063,39069,39175,39177,39197,39200,39284,39286,39306,39313,39315,39319,39325,39328,39385,39388,39391,39452,39461,39464,39467,39495,39498,39558,39560,39577,39581,39584,39662,39664,39684,39687,39762,39766,39769,39771,39780,39785,39787,39838,39846,39858,39863,39924,39926,39943,39947,40010,40012,40037,40045,40047,40053,40059,40066,40074,40080,40083,40090,40100,40106,40112,40115,40132,40138,40140,40166],[10,37699,13,37701,18],{"id":37700},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37702,37703],{},"filter()",[20,37705,37706,37708],{},[15,37707,37703],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37710,37711],{},"It takes:",[40,37713,37714,37717],{},[43,37715,37716],{},"a function that checks each item",[43,37718,37719],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37721,37722,37723,37726,37727,37730,37731,37733],{},"The result is ",[30,37724,37725],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37728,37729],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37732,24899],{}," to see the values.",[288,37735,2334],{"id":2333},[62,37737,37739],{"className":64,"code":37738,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37740,37741,37774,37810],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37742,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37772],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37744,3950],{"class":77},[71,37746,82],{"class":81},[71,37748,1740],{"class":89},[71,37750,3320],{"class":117},[71,37752,109],{"class":89},[71,37754,183],{"class":117},[71,37756,109],{"class":89},[71,37758,701],{"class":117},[71,37760,109],{"class":89},[71,37762,2788],{"class":117},[71,37764,109],{"class":89},[71,37766,4941],{"class":117},[71,37768,109],{"class":89},[71,37770,37771],{"class":117}," 6",[71,37773,1757],{"class":89},[71,37775,37776,37778,37780,37783,37785,37788,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37777,1102],{"class":77},[71,37779,82],{"class":81},[71,37781,37782],{"class":127}," filter",[71,37784,90],{"class":89},[71,37786,37787],{"class":768},"lambda",[71,37789,37791],{"class":37790},"sFwrP"," x",[71,37793,228],{"class":89},[71,37795,4213],{"class":133},[71,37797,6741],{"class":81},[71,37799,183],{"class":117},[71,37801,6746],{"class":81},[71,37803,4165],{"class":117},[71,37805,109],{"class":89},[71,37807,4599],{"class":133},[71,37809,121],{"class":89},[71,37811,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,37813,128],{"class":127},[71,37815,90],{"class":89},[71,37817,8433],{"class":85},[71,37819,90],{"class":89},[71,37821,2594],{"class":133},[71,37823,5697],{"class":89},[71,37825,37826],{"class":1439},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37828,37829,37831,37832,37834],{},[15,37830,37703],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37833,24899],{}," to see the results.",[288,37836,291,37838,294],{"id":37837},"what-filter-does",[15,37839,37703],{},[20,37841,37842,37844],{},[15,37843,37703],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37846,2436],{},[40,37848,37849,37852,37858],{},[43,37850,37851],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[43,37853,37854,37855,37857],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37856,3935],{},", the item is kept",[43,37859,37854,37860,37862],{},[15,37861,4006],{},", the item is removed",[20,37864,2537],{},[62,37866,37868],{"className":64,"code":37867,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37869,37870,37898,37902,37930],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37871,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37873,3950],{"class":77},[71,37875,82],{"class":81},[71,37877,1740],{"class":89},[71,37879,3320],{"class":117},[71,37881,109],{"class":89},[71,37883,183],{"class":117},[71,37885,109],{"class":89},[71,37887,701],{"class":117},[71,37889,109],{"class":89},[71,37891,2788],{"class":117},[71,37893,109],{"class":89},[71,37895,4941],{"class":117},[71,37897,1757],{"class":89},[71,37899,37900],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,37901,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,37903,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,37905,1102],{"class":77},[71,37907,82],{"class":81},[71,37909,37782],{"class":127},[71,37911,90],{"class":89},[71,37913,37787],{"class":768},[71,37915,37791],{"class":37790},[71,37917,228],{"class":89},[71,37919,4213],{"class":133},[71,37921,4588],{"class":81},[71,37923,701],{"class":117},[71,37925,109],{"class":89},[71,37927,4599],{"class":133},[71,37929,121],{"class":89},[71,37931,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,37933,128],{"class":127},[71,37935,90],{"class":89},[71,37937,8433],{"class":85},[71,37939,90],{"class":89},[71,37941,2594],{"class":133},[71,37943,204],{"class":89},[20,37945,209],{},[62,37947,37949],{"className":64,"code":37948,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37950,37951],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37952,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37954,4234],{"class":89},[71,37956,2836],{"class":117},[71,37958,109],{"class":89},[71,37960,4941],{"class":117},[71,37962,1757],{"class":89},[20,37964,37965,37966,37968],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37967,640],{}," are kept.",[288,37970,37972],{"id":37971},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37974,2489],{},[62,37976,37978],{"className":64,"code":37977,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37979,37980],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,37981,37982,37984,37986,37989,37991,37994],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,37983,37729],{"class":127},[71,37985,90],{"class":89},[71,37987,37988],{"class":133},"function",[71,37990,109],{"class":89},[71,37992,37993],{"class":133}," iterable",[71,37995,121],{"class":89},[350,37997,37998],{"id":37988},[15,37999,37988],{},[20,38001,38002],{},"This is the test function.",[40,38004,38005,38008],{},[43,38006,38007],{},"It receives one item at a time",[43,38009,38010,38011,3209,38013],{},"It should return ",[15,38012,3935],{},[15,38014,4006],{},[350,38016,38017],{"id":4052},[15,38018,4052],{},[20,38020,38021],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38023,38024],{},"It can be:",[40,38026,38027,38030,38033,38036,38039],{},[43,38028,38029],{},"a list",[43,38031,38032],{},"a tuple",[43,38034,38035],{},"a string",[43,38037,38038],{},"a set",[43,38040,38041],{},"another iterable object",[20,38043,38044],{},"Example with a tuple:",[62,38046,38048],{"className":64,"code":38047,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38049,38050,38075,38079,38107],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38051,38052,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38053,3950],{"class":77},[71,38055,82],{"class":81},[71,38057,171],{"class":89},[71,38059,2661],{"class":117},[71,38061,109],{"class":89},[71,38063,38064],{"class":117}," 15",[71,38066,109],{"class":89},[71,38068,8129],{"class":117},[71,38070,109],{"class":89},[71,38072,249],{"class":117},[71,38074,121],{"class":89},[71,38076,38077],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38078,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,38080,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,38082,1102],{"class":77},[71,38084,82],{"class":81},[71,38086,37782],{"class":127},[71,38088,90],{"class":89},[71,38090,37787],{"class":768},[71,38092,37791],{"class":37790},[71,38094,228],{"class":89},[71,38096,4213],{"class":133},[71,38098,5435],{"class":81},[71,38100,8129],{"class":117},[71,38102,109],{"class":89},[71,38104,4599],{"class":133},[71,38106,121],{"class":89},[71,38108,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,38110,128],{"class":127},[71,38112,90],{"class":89},[71,38114,8433],{"class":85},[71,38116,90],{"class":89},[71,38118,2594],{"class":133},[71,38120,204],{"class":89},[20,38122,209],{},[62,38124,38126],{"className":64,"code":38125,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38127,38128],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38129,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38131,4234],{"class":89},[71,38133,15867],{"class":117},[71,38135,109],{"class":89},[71,38137,249],{"class":117},[71,38139,1757],{"class":89},[20,38141,38142,38143,60],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[56,38144,5473],{"href":5922},[288,38146,38148],{"id":38147},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38150,38151,38152,22092,38154,60],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38153,37703],{},[30,38155,38156],{},"filter object",[20,38158,38159],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[40,38161,38162,38165,38170],{},[43,38163,38164],{},"loop through it",[43,38166,38167,38168],{},"convert it with ",[15,38169,24899],{},[43,38171,38167,38172],{},[15,38173,38174],{},"tuple()",[20,38176,2537],{},[62,38178,38180],{"className":64,"code":38179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38181,38182,38224,38228,38238,38252],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38183,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38185,1102],{"class":77},[71,38187,82],{"class":81},[71,38189,37782],{"class":127},[71,38191,90],{"class":89},[71,38193,37787],{"class":768},[71,38195,37791],{"class":37790},[71,38197,228],{"class":89},[71,38199,4213],{"class":133},[71,38201,4588],{"class":81},[71,38203,183],{"class":117},[71,38205,109],{"class":89},[71,38207,1740],{"class":89},[71,38209,3320],{"class":117},[71,38211,109],{"class":89},[71,38213,183],{"class":117},[71,38215,109],{"class":89},[71,38217,701],{"class":117},[71,38219,109],{"class":89},[71,38221,2788],{"class":117},[71,38223,4222],{"class":89},[71,38225,38226],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38227,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,38229,38230,38232,38234,38236],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,38231,128],{"class":127},[71,38233,90],{"class":89},[71,38235,2594],{"class":133},[71,38237,121],{"class":89},[71,38239,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,38241,128],{"class":127},[71,38243,90],{"class":89},[71,38245,735],{"class":85},[71,38247,90],{"class":89},[71,38249,2594],{"class":133},[71,38251,204],{"class":89},[71,38253,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,38255,128],{"class":127},[71,38257,90],{"class":89},[71,38259,8433],{"class":85},[71,38261,90],{"class":89},[71,38263,2594],{"class":133},[71,38265,204],{"class":89},[20,38267,209],{},[62,38269,38271],{"className":64,"code":38270,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38272,38273,38287,38301],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38274,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38276,765],{"class":81},[71,38278,37729],{"class":127},[71,38280,24735],{"class":85},[71,38282,37491],{"class":77},[71,38284,37498],{"class":34576},[71,38286,778],{"class":81},[71,38288,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38290,765],{"class":81},[71,38292,769],{"class":768},[71,38294,231],{"class":99},[71,38296,37729],{"class":103},[71,38298,100],{"class":99},[71,38300,778],{"class":81},[71,38302,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,38304,4234],{"class":89},[71,38306,640],{"class":117},[71,38308,109],{"class":89},[71,38310,2788],{"class":117},[71,38312,1757],{"class":89},[20,38314,38315],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[350,38317,38319],{"id":38318},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38321,38322],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[62,38324,38326],{"className":64,"code":38325,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38327,38328,38370,38374,38388],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38329,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38331,1102],{"class":77},[71,38333,82],{"class":81},[71,38335,37782],{"class":127},[71,38337,90],{"class":89},[71,38339,37787],{"class":768},[71,38341,37791],{"class":37790},[71,38343,228],{"class":89},[71,38345,4213],{"class":133},[71,38347,4588],{"class":81},[71,38349,183],{"class":117},[71,38351,109],{"class":89},[71,38353,1740],{"class":89},[71,38355,3320],{"class":117},[71,38357,109],{"class":89},[71,38359,183],{"class":117},[71,38361,109],{"class":89},[71,38363,701],{"class":117},[71,38365,109],{"class":89},[71,38367,2788],{"class":117},[71,38369,4222],{"class":89},[71,38371,38372],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38373,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,38375,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,38377,128],{"class":127},[71,38379,90],{"class":89},[71,38381,8433],{"class":85},[71,38383,90],{"class":89},[71,38385,2594],{"class":133},[71,38387,204],{"class":89},[71,38389,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,38391,128],{"class":127},[71,38393,90],{"class":89},[71,38395,8433],{"class":85},[71,38397,90],{"class":89},[71,38399,2594],{"class":133},[71,38401,204],{"class":89},[20,38403,209],{},[62,38405,38407],{"className":64,"code":38406,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38408,38409,38421],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38410,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38412,4234],{"class":89},[71,38414,640],{"class":117},[71,38416,109],{"class":89},[71,38418,2788],{"class":117},[71,38420,1757],{"class":89},[71,38422,38423],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38424,38425],{"class":89},"[]\n",[20,38427,38428],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[288,38430,8758,38432,9046,38434],{"id":38431},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38433,37703],{},[15,38435,37787],{},[20,38437,15301,38438,38440],{},[15,38439,37787],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38442,38443],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[62,38445,38447],{"className":64,"code":38446,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38448,38449,38491,38495,38533],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38450,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38487,38489],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38452,4405],{"class":77},[71,38454,82],{"class":81},[71,38456,1740],{"class":89},[71,38458,3184],{"class":99},[71,38460,4414],{"class":103},[71,38462,3184],{"class":99},[71,38464,109],{"class":89},[71,38466,3683],{"class":99},[71,38468,38469],{"class":103},"kiwi",[71,38471,3184],{"class":99},[71,38473,109],{"class":89},[71,38475,3683],{"class":99},[71,38477,4423],{"class":103},[71,38479,3184],{"class":99},[71,38481,109],{"class":89},[71,38483,3683],{"class":99},[71,38485,38486],{"class":103},"fig",[71,38488,3184],{"class":99},[71,38490,1757],{"class":89},[71,38492,38493],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38494,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,38496,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38510,38512,38515,38517,38520,38522,38525,38527,38529,38531],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,38498,1102],{"class":77},[71,38500,82],{"class":81},[71,38502,37782],{"class":127},[71,38504,90],{"class":89},[71,38506,37787],{"class":768},[71,38508,38509],{"class":37790}," word",[71,38511,228],{"class":89},[71,38513,38514],{"class":127}," len",[71,38516,90],{"class":89},[71,38518,38519],{"class":133},"word",[71,38521,3993],{"class":89},[71,38523,38524],{"class":81}," >",[71,38526,2788],{"class":117},[71,38528,109],{"class":89},[71,38530,6505],{"class":133},[71,38532,121],{"class":89},[71,38534,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,38536,128],{"class":127},[71,38538,90],{"class":89},[71,38540,8433],{"class":85},[71,38542,90],{"class":89},[71,38544,2594],{"class":133},[71,38546,204],{"class":89},[20,38548,209],{},[62,38550,38552],{"className":64,"code":38551,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38553,38554],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38555,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38557,4234],{"class":89},[71,38559,100],{"class":99},[71,38561,4414],{"class":103},[71,38563,100],{"class":99},[71,38565,109],{"class":89},[71,38567,231],{"class":99},[71,38569,4423],{"class":103},[71,38571,100],{"class":99},[71,38573,1757],{"class":89},[20,38575,38576],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38578,38579,38580,60],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[56,38581,38583],{"href":38582},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[288,38585,8758,38587,38589],{"id":38586},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38588,37703],{}," with a named function",[20,38591,38592,38593,60],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38594,37787],{},[20,38596,38597],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[40,38599,38600,38603,38606],{},[43,38601,38602],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[43,38604,38605],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[43,38607,38608],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[62,38610,38612],{"className":64,"code":38611,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38613,38614,38627,38642,38646,38678,38697,38701],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38615,38616,38618,38621,38623,38625],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38617,34975],{"class":768},[71,38619,38620],{"class":34978}," is_even",[71,38622,90],{"class":89},[71,38624,2569],{"class":37790},[71,38626,8682],{"class":89},[71,38628,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38630,34986],{"class":4209},[71,38632,6724],{"class":77},[71,38634,6741],{"class":81},[71,38636,183],{"class":117},[71,38638,6746],{"class":81},[71,38640,38641],{"class":117}," 0\n",[71,38643,38644],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,38645,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,38647,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,38649,3950],{"class":77},[71,38651,82],{"class":81},[71,38653,1740],{"class":89},[71,38655,3320],{"class":117},[71,38657,109],{"class":89},[71,38659,183],{"class":117},[71,38661,109],{"class":89},[71,38663,701],{"class":117},[71,38665,109],{"class":89},[71,38667,2788],{"class":117},[71,38669,109],{"class":89},[71,38671,4941],{"class":117},[71,38673,109],{"class":89},[71,38675,37771],{"class":117},[71,38677,1757],{"class":89},[71,38679,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688,38691,38693,38695],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,38681,1102],{"class":77},[71,38683,82],{"class":81},[71,38685,37782],{"class":127},[71,38687,90],{"class":89},[71,38689,38690],{"class":133},"is_even",[71,38692,109],{"class":89},[71,38694,4599],{"class":133},[71,38696,121],{"class":89},[71,38698,38699],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,38700,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,38702,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,38704,128],{"class":127},[71,38706,90],{"class":89},[71,38708,8433],{"class":85},[71,38710,90],{"class":89},[71,38712,2594],{"class":133},[71,38714,204],{"class":89},[20,38716,209],{},[62,38718,38720],{"className":64,"code":38719,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38721,38722],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38723,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38725,4234],{"class":89},[71,38727,630],{"class":117},[71,38729,109],{"class":89},[71,38731,2788],{"class":117},[71,38733,109],{"class":89},[71,38735,37771],{"class":117},[71,38737,1757],{"class":89},[20,38739,20887,38740,2728,38743,38745],{},[15,38741,38742],{},"is_even()",[15,38744,3935],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[288,38747,8758,38749,9046,38751],{"id":38748},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38750,4110],{},[15,38752,37703],{},[20,38754,38755,38756,38758],{},"You can pass ",[15,38757,4110],{}," as the first argument:",[62,38760,38762],{"className":64,"code":38761,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38763,38764],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38765,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38767,37729],{"class":127},[71,38769,90],{"class":89},[71,38771,4110],{"class":4184},[71,38773,109],{"class":89},[71,38775,37993],{"class":133},[71,38777,121],{"class":89},[20,38779,38780,38781,7680],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[30,38782,5932],{},[20,38784,38785],{},"Falsy values include:",[40,38787,38788,38792,38797,38801],{},[43,38789,38790],{},[15,38791,2449],{},[43,38793,38794,38796],{},[15,38795,4105],{}," (empty string)",[43,38798,38799],{},[15,38800,4110],{},[43,38802,38803],{},[15,38804,4006],{},[20,38806,2537],{},[62,38808,38810],{"className":64,"code":38809,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38811,38812,38856,38860,38878],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38813,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38815,1735],{"class":77},[71,38817,82],{"class":81},[71,38819,1740],{"class":89},[71,38821,2449],{"class":117},[71,38823,109],{"class":89},[71,38825,165],{"class":117},[71,38827,109],{"class":89},[71,38829,6463],{"class":99},[71,38831,109],{"class":89},[71,38833,3683],{"class":99},[71,38835,4177],{"class":103},[71,38837,3184],{"class":99},[71,38839,109],{"class":89},[71,38841,4185],{"class":4184},[71,38843,109],{"class":89},[71,38845,4250],{"class":4184},[71,38847,109],{"class":89},[71,38849,4241],{"class":4184},[71,38851,109],{"class":89},[71,38853,4941],{"class":117},[71,38855,1757],{"class":89},[71,38857,38858],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38859,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,38861,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874,38876],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,38863,1102],{"class":77},[71,38865,82],{"class":81},[71,38867,37782],{"class":127},[71,38869,90],{"class":89},[71,38871,4110],{"class":4184},[71,38873,109],{"class":89},[71,38875,6302],{"class":133},[71,38877,121],{"class":89},[71,38879,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,38881,128],{"class":127},[71,38883,90],{"class":89},[71,38885,8433],{"class":85},[71,38887,90],{"class":89},[71,38889,2594],{"class":133},[71,38891,204],{"class":89},[20,38893,209],{},[62,38895,38897],{"className":64,"code":38896,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38898,38899],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38900,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38902,4234],{"class":89},[71,38904,3320],{"class":117},[71,38906,109],{"class":89},[71,38908,231],{"class":99},[71,38910,4177],{"class":103},[71,38912,100],{"class":99},[71,38914,109],{"class":89},[71,38916,4250],{"class":4184},[71,38918,109],{"class":89},[71,38920,4941],{"class":117},[71,38922,1757],{"class":89},[20,38924,38925],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[288,38927,5298,38929],{"id":38928},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38930,37703],{},[20,38932,283,38933,38935],{},[15,38934,37703],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38937,38938],{},"It works well for:",[40,38940,38941,38944,38947],{},[43,38942,38943],{},"simple filtering rules",[43,38945,38946],{},"quick data cleaning",[43,38948,38949],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38951,2537],{},[62,38953,38955],{"className":64,"code":38954,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38956,38957,38989,39022,39026],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,38958,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,38960,3950],{"class":77},[71,38962,82],{"class":81},[71,38964,1740],{"class":89},[71,38966,3320],{"class":117},[71,38968,109],{"class":89},[71,38970,183],{"class":117},[71,38972,109],{"class":89},[71,38974,701],{"class":117},[71,38976,109],{"class":89},[71,38978,2788],{"class":117},[71,38980,109],{"class":89},[71,38982,4941],{"class":117},[71,38984,109],{"class":89},[71,38986,37771],{"class":117},[71,38988,1757],{"class":89},[71,38990,38991,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,38992,38993],{"class":77},"evens ",[71,38995,82],{"class":81},[71,38997,37782],{"class":127},[71,38999,90],{"class":89},[71,39001,37787],{"class":768},[71,39003,37791],{"class":37790},[71,39005,228],{"class":89},[71,39007,4213],{"class":133},[71,39009,6741],{"class":81},[71,39011,183],{"class":117},[71,39013,6746],{"class":81},[71,39015,4165],{"class":117},[71,39017,109],{"class":89},[71,39019,4599],{"class":133},[71,39021,121],{"class":89},[71,39023,39024],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,39025,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,39027,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39039],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,39029,128],{"class":127},[71,39031,90],{"class":89},[71,39033,8433],{"class":85},[71,39035,90],{"class":89},[71,39037,39038],{"class":133},"evens",[71,39040,204],{"class":89},[20,39042,209],{},[62,39044,39045],{"className":64,"code":38719,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,39046,39047],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39048,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39050,4234],{"class":89},[71,39052,630],{"class":117},[71,39054,109],{"class":89},[71,39056,2788],{"class":117},[71,39058,109],{"class":89},[71,39060,37771],{"class":117},[71,39062,1757],{"class":89},[20,39064,39065,39066,39068],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39067,6294],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[62,39070,39072],{"className":64,"code":39071,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39073,39074,39106,39114,39118,39130,39146,39161,39165],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39075,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39077,3950],{"class":77},[71,39079,82],{"class":81},[71,39081,1740],{"class":89},[71,39083,3320],{"class":117},[71,39085,109],{"class":89},[71,39087,183],{"class":117},[71,39089,109],{"class":89},[71,39091,701],{"class":117},[71,39093,109],{"class":89},[71,39095,2788],{"class":117},[71,39097,109],{"class":89},[71,39099,4941],{"class":117},[71,39101,109],{"class":89},[71,39103,37771],{"class":117},[71,39105,1757],{"class":89},[71,39107,39108,39110,39112],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39109,38993],{"class":77},[71,39111,82],{"class":81},[71,39113,8177],{"class":89},[71,39115,39116],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,39117,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,39119,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,39121,6294],{"class":4209},[71,39123,6724],{"class":77},[71,39125,4216],{"class":4209},[71,39127,4599],{"class":77},[71,39129,6731],{"class":89},[71,39131,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,39133,6736],{"class":4209},[71,39135,6724],{"class":77},[71,39137,6741],{"class":81},[71,39139,183],{"class":117},[71,39141,6746],{"class":81},[71,39143,4165],{"class":117},[71,39145,6731],{"class":89},[71,39147,39148,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,39149,39150],{"class":77},"        evens",[71,39152,60],{"class":89},[71,39154,13664],{"class":133},[71,39156,90],{"class":89},[71,39158,2569],{"class":133},[71,39160,121],{"class":89},[71,39162,39163],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,39164,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,39166,39167,39169,39171,39173],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,39168,128],{"class":127},[71,39170,90],{"class":89},[71,39172,39038],{"class":133},[71,39174,121],{"class":89},[20,39176,209],{},[62,39178,39179],{"className":64,"code":38719,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,39180,39181],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39182,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39184,4234],{"class":89},[71,39186,630],{"class":117},[71,39188,109],{"class":89},[71,39190,2788],{"class":117},[71,39192,109],{"class":89},[71,39194,37771],{"class":117},[71,39196,1757],{"class":89},[20,39198,39199],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[62,39201,39203],{"className":64,"code":39202,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39204,39205,39237,39270,39274],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39206,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39208,3950],{"class":77},[71,39210,82],{"class":81},[71,39212,1740],{"class":89},[71,39214,3320],{"class":117},[71,39216,109],{"class":89},[71,39218,183],{"class":117},[71,39220,109],{"class":89},[71,39222,701],{"class":117},[71,39224,109],{"class":89},[71,39226,2788],{"class":117},[71,39228,109],{"class":89},[71,39230,4941],{"class":117},[71,39232,109],{"class":89},[71,39234,37771],{"class":117},[71,39236,1757],{"class":89},[71,39238,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39240,38993],{"class":77},[71,39242,82],{"class":81},[71,39244,1740],{"class":89},[71,39246,2547],{"class":77},[71,39248,6294],{"class":4209},[71,39250,6724],{"class":77},[71,39252,4216],{"class":4209},[71,39254,39255],{"class":77}," numbers ",[71,39257,7337],{"class":4209},[71,39259,6724],{"class":77},[71,39261,6741],{"class":81},[71,39263,183],{"class":117},[71,39265,6746],{"class":81},[71,39267,4165],{"class":117},[71,39269,1757],{"class":89},[71,39271,39272],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,39273,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,39275,39276,39278,39280,39282],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,39277,128],{"class":127},[71,39279,90],{"class":89},[71,39281,39038],{"class":133},[71,39283,121],{"class":89},[20,39285,209],{},[62,39287,39288],{"className":64,"code":38719,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,39289,39290],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39291,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39293,4234],{"class":89},[71,39295,630],{"class":117},[71,39297,109],{"class":89},[71,39299,2788],{"class":117},[71,39301,109],{"class":89},[71,39303,37771],{"class":117},[71,39305,1757],{"class":89},[20,39307,39308,39309,60],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[56,39310,39312],{"href":39311},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[288,39314,2054],{"id":2053},[20,39316,14845,39317,60],{},[15,39318,37703],{},[350,39320,8794,39322,39324],{"id":39321},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39323,37703],{}," to return a list",[20,39326,39327],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[62,39329,39331],{"className":64,"code":39330,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39332,39333,39375],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39334,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39336,1102],{"class":77},[71,39338,82],{"class":81},[71,39340,37782],{"class":127},[71,39342,90],{"class":89},[71,39344,37787],{"class":768},[71,39346,37791],{"class":37790},[71,39348,228],{"class":89},[71,39350,4213],{"class":133},[71,39352,4588],{"class":81},[71,39354,183],{"class":117},[71,39356,109],{"class":89},[71,39358,1740],{"class":89},[71,39360,3320],{"class":117},[71,39362,109],{"class":89},[71,39364,183],{"class":117},[71,39366,109],{"class":89},[71,39368,701],{"class":117},[71,39370,109],{"class":89},[71,39372,2788],{"class":117},[71,39374,4222],{"class":89},[71,39376,39377,39379,39381,39383],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39378,128],{"class":127},[71,39380,90],{"class":89},[71,39382,2594],{"class":133},[71,39384,121],{"class":89},[20,39386,39387],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39389,39390],{},"Fix:",[62,39392,39394],{"className":64,"code":39393,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39395,39396,39438],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39397,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39399,1102],{"class":77},[71,39401,82],{"class":81},[71,39403,37782],{"class":127},[71,39405,90],{"class":89},[71,39407,37787],{"class":768},[71,39409,37791],{"class":37790},[71,39411,228],{"class":89},[71,39413,4213],{"class":133},[71,39415,4588],{"class":81},[71,39417,183],{"class":117},[71,39419,109],{"class":89},[71,39421,1740],{"class":89},[71,39423,3320],{"class":117},[71,39425,109],{"class":89},[71,39427,183],{"class":117},[71,39429,109],{"class":89},[71,39431,701],{"class":117},[71,39433,109],{"class":89},[71,39435,2788],{"class":117},[71,39437,4222],{"class":89},[71,39439,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39441,128],{"class":127},[71,39443,90],{"class":89},[71,39445,8433],{"class":85},[71,39447,90],{"class":89},[71,39449,2594],{"class":133},[71,39451,204],{"class":89},[350,39453,39455,39456,3209,39458,39460],{"id":39454},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39457,3935],{},[15,39459,4006],{}," clearly",[20,39462,39463],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39465,39466],{},"Good example:",[62,39468,39470],{"className":64,"code":39469,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39471,39472,39485],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39473,39474,39476,39479,39481,39483],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39475,34975],{"class":768},[71,39477,39478],{"class":34978}," is_positive",[71,39480,90],{"class":89},[71,39482,2569],{"class":37790},[71,39484,8682],{"class":89},[71,39486,39487,39489,39491,39493],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39488,34986],{"class":4209},[71,39490,6724],{"class":77},[71,39492,4588],{"class":81},[71,39494,38641],{"class":117},[20,39496,39497],{},"Then use it with:",[62,39499,39501],{"className":64,"code":39500,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39502,39503,39535],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39504,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39506,3950],{"class":77},[71,39508,82],{"class":81},[71,39510,1740],{"class":89},[71,39512,2353],{"class":81},[71,39514,630],{"class":117},[71,39516,109],{"class":89},[71,39518,2552],{"class":81},[71,39520,3320],{"class":117},[71,39522,109],{"class":89},[71,39524,4165],{"class":117},[71,39526,109],{"class":89},[71,39528,165],{"class":117},[71,39530,109],{"class":89},[71,39532,183],{"class":117},[71,39534,1757],{"class":89},[71,39536,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39552,39554,39556],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39538,128],{"class":127},[71,39540,90],{"class":89},[71,39542,8433],{"class":85},[71,39544,90],{"class":89},[71,39546,37729],{"class":127},[71,39548,90],{"class":89},[71,39550,39551],{"class":133},"is_positive",[71,39553,109],{"class":89},[71,39555,4599],{"class":133},[71,39557,3243],{"class":89},[20,39559,209],{},[62,39561,39563],{"className":64,"code":39562,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39564,39565],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39566,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39568,4234],{"class":89},[71,39570,3320],{"class":117},[71,39572,109],{"class":89},[71,39574,183],{"class":117},[71,39576,1757],{"class":89},[350,39578,39580],{"id":39579},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39582,39583],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[62,39585,39586],{"className":64,"code":38325,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,39587,39588,39630,39634,39648],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39589,39590,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39591,1102],{"class":77},[71,39593,82],{"class":81},[71,39595,37782],{"class":127},[71,39597,90],{"class":89},[71,39599,37787],{"class":768},[71,39601,37791],{"class":37790},[71,39603,228],{"class":89},[71,39605,4213],{"class":133},[71,39607,4588],{"class":81},[71,39609,183],{"class":117},[71,39611,109],{"class":89},[71,39613,1740],{"class":89},[71,39615,3320],{"class":117},[71,39617,109],{"class":89},[71,39619,183],{"class":117},[71,39621,109],{"class":89},[71,39623,701],{"class":117},[71,39625,109],{"class":89},[71,39627,2788],{"class":117},[71,39629,4222],{"class":89},[71,39631,39632],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39633,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,39635,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,39637,128],{"class":127},[71,39639,90],{"class":89},[71,39641,8433],{"class":85},[71,39643,90],{"class":89},[71,39645,2594],{"class":133},[71,39647,204],{"class":89},[71,39649,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,39651,128],{"class":127},[71,39653,90],{"class":89},[71,39655,8433],{"class":85},[71,39657,90],{"class":89},[71,39659,2594],{"class":133},[71,39661,204],{"class":89},[20,39663,209],{},[62,39665,39666],{"className":64,"code":38406,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,39667,39668,39680],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39669,39670,39672,39674,39676,39678],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39671,4234],{"class":89},[71,39673,640],{"class":117},[71,39675,109],{"class":89},[71,39677,2788],{"class":117},[71,39679,1757],{"class":89},[71,39681,39682],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39683,38425],{"class":89},[20,39685,39686],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[62,39688,39690],{"className":64,"code":39689,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39691,39692,39738,39742,39752],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39693,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39695,1102],{"class":77},[71,39697,82],{"class":81},[71,39699,22677],{"class":85},[71,39701,90],{"class":89},[71,39703,37729],{"class":127},[71,39705,90],{"class":89},[71,39707,37787],{"class":768},[71,39709,37791],{"class":37790},[71,39711,228],{"class":89},[71,39713,4213],{"class":133},[71,39715,4588],{"class":81},[71,39717,183],{"class":117},[71,39719,109],{"class":89},[71,39721,1740],{"class":89},[71,39723,3320],{"class":117},[71,39725,109],{"class":89},[71,39727,183],{"class":117},[71,39729,109],{"class":89},[71,39731,701],{"class":117},[71,39733,109],{"class":89},[71,39735,2788],{"class":117},[71,39737,3331],{"class":89},[71,39739,39740],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39741,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,39743,39744,39746,39748,39750],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,39745,128],{"class":127},[71,39747,90],{"class":89},[71,39749,2594],{"class":133},[71,39751,121],{"class":89},[71,39753,39754,39756,39758,39760],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,39755,128],{"class":127},[71,39757,90],{"class":89},[71,39759,2594],{"class":133},[71,39761,121],{"class":89},[350,39763,39765],{"id":39764},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39767,39768],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39770,16757],{},[62,39772,39774],{"className":64,"code":39773,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39775,39776],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39777,39778],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39779,39773],{"class":1439},[20,39781,39782,39783,6890],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39784,2661],{},[20,39786,16769],{},[62,39788,39790],{"className":64,"code":39789,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39791,39792],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39793,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39795,128],{"class":127},[71,39797,90],{"class":89},[71,39799,8433],{"class":85},[71,39801,90],{"class":89},[71,39803,37729],{"class":127},[71,39805,90],{"class":89},[71,39807,37787],{"class":768},[71,39809,37791],{"class":37790},[71,39811,228],{"class":89},[71,39813,4213],{"class":133},[71,39815,4588],{"class":81},[71,39817,183],{"class":117},[71,39819,109],{"class":89},[71,39821,1740],{"class":89},[71,39823,3320],{"class":117},[71,39825,109],{"class":89},[71,39827,183],{"class":117},[71,39829,109],{"class":89},[71,39831,701],{"class":117},[71,39833,109],{"class":89},[71,39835,2788],{"class":117},[71,39837,37392],{"class":89},[350,39839,37331,39841,9046,39843],{"id":39840},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39842,37703],{},[15,39844,39845],{},"map()",[40,39847,39848,39853],{},[43,39849,39850,39852],{},[15,39851,37703],{}," keeps or removes items",[43,39854,39855,39857],{},[15,39856,39845],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39859,39860,39861,228],{},"Example of ",[15,39862,37703],{},[62,39864,39866],{"className":64,"code":39865,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39867,39868,39892],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39869,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886,39888,39890],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39871,3950],{"class":77},[71,39873,82],{"class":81},[71,39875,1740],{"class":89},[71,39877,3320],{"class":117},[71,39879,109],{"class":89},[71,39881,183],{"class":117},[71,39883,109],{"class":89},[71,39885,701],{"class":117},[71,39887,109],{"class":89},[71,39889,2788],{"class":117},[71,39891,1757],{"class":89},[71,39893,39894,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39895,128],{"class":127},[71,39897,90],{"class":89},[71,39899,8433],{"class":85},[71,39901,90],{"class":89},[71,39903,37729],{"class":127},[71,39905,90],{"class":89},[71,39907,37787],{"class":768},[71,39909,37791],{"class":37790},[71,39911,228],{"class":89},[71,39913,4213],{"class":133},[71,39915,4588],{"class":81},[71,39917,183],{"class":117},[71,39919,109],{"class":89},[71,39921,4599],{"class":133},[71,39923,3243],{"class":89},[20,39925,209],{},[62,39927,39929],{"className":64,"code":39928,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39930,39931],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39932,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39934,4234],{"class":89},[71,39936,640],{"class":117},[71,39938,109],{"class":89},[71,39940,2788],{"class":117},[71,39942,1757],{"class":89},[20,39944,39860,39945,228],{},[15,39946,39845],{},[62,39948,39950],{"className":64,"code":39949,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39951,39952,39976],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,39953,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970,39972,39974],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,39955,3950],{"class":77},[71,39957,82],{"class":81},[71,39959,1740],{"class":89},[71,39961,3320],{"class":117},[71,39963,109],{"class":89},[71,39965,183],{"class":117},[71,39967,109],{"class":89},[71,39969,701],{"class":117},[71,39971,109],{"class":89},[71,39973,2788],{"class":117},[71,39975,1757],{"class":89},[71,39977,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986,39989,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999,40002,40004,40006,40008],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,39979,128],{"class":127},[71,39981,90],{"class":89},[71,39983,8433],{"class":85},[71,39985,90],{"class":89},[71,39987,39988],{"class":127},"map",[71,39990,90],{"class":89},[71,39992,37787],{"class":768},[71,39994,37791],{"class":37790},[71,39996,228],{"class":89},[71,39998,4213],{"class":133},[71,40000,40001],{"class":81},"*",[71,40003,183],{"class":117},[71,40005,109],{"class":89},[71,40007,4599],{"class":133},[71,40009,3243],{"class":89},[20,40011,209],{},[62,40013,40015],{"className":64,"code":40014,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40016,40017],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40018,40019,40021,40023,40025,40027,40029,40031,40033,40035],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40020,4234],{"class":89},[71,40022,630],{"class":117},[71,40024,109],{"class":89},[71,40026,2788],{"class":117},[71,40028,109],{"class":89},[71,40030,37771],{"class":117},[71,40032,109],{"class":89},[71,40034,6697],{"class":117},[71,40036,1757],{"class":89},[20,40038,40039,40040,60],{},"For the related function, see ",[56,40041,13,40043,3841],{"href":40042},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40044,39845],{},[288,40046,2163],{"id":2162},[350,40048,12813,40050,40052],{"id":40049},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40051,37703],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40054,40055,40056,40058],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40057,24899],{}," if needed.",[350,40060,40062,40063,40065],{"id":40061},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40064,37703],{}," need to return?",[20,40067,38010,40068,40070,40071,40073],{},[15,40069,3935],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40072,4006],{}," to remove it.",[350,40075,28448,40077,40079],{"id":40076},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40078,37703],{}," without lambda?",[20,40081,40082],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[350,40084,5479,40086,40089],{"id":40085},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40087,40088],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40091,40092,40093,40095,40096,17186,40098,60],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40094,2449],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40097,4110],{},[15,40099,4006],{},[350,40101,21537,40103,40105],{"id":40102},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40104,37703],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40107,40108,40109,40111],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40110,6294],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40113,40114],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[40,40116,40117,40123,40129],{},[43,40118,40119,40120,40122],{},"use ",[15,40121,37703],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[43,40124,40125,40126,40128],{},"use a ",[15,40127,6294],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[43,40130,40131],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40133,40134,40135,60],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[56,40136,5469],{"href":40137},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[288,40139,2221],{"id":2220},[40,40141,40142,40147,40151,40156,40162],{},[43,40143,40144],{},[56,40145,40146],{"href":38582},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[43,40148,40149],{},[56,40150,5556],{"href":40137},[43,40152,40153],{},[56,40154,40155],{"href":39311},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[43,40157,40158],{},[56,40159,13,40160,3841],{"href":40042},[15,40161,39845],{},[43,40163,40164],{},[56,40165,5551],{"href":5922},[2250,40167,40168],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":40170},[40171,40172,40174,40178,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189,40199,40211],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":37837,"depth":124,"text":40173},"What filter() does",{"id":37971,"depth":124,"text":37972,"children":40175},[40176,40177],{"id":37988,"depth":139,"text":37988},{"id":4052,"depth":139,"text":4052},{"id":38147,"depth":124,"text":38148,"children":40179},[40180],{"id":38318,"depth":139,"text":38319},{"id":38431,"depth":124,"text":40182},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38586,"depth":124,"text":40184},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38748,"depth":124,"text":40186},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38928,"depth":124,"text":40188},"When to use filter()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":40190},[40191,40193,40195,40196,40197],{"id":39321,"depth":139,"text":40192},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39454,"depth":139,"text":40194},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39579,"depth":139,"text":39580},{"id":39764,"depth":139,"text":39765},{"id":39840,"depth":139,"text":40198},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":40200},[40201,40203,40205,40207,40209],{"id":40049,"depth":139,"text":40202},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40061,"depth":139,"text":40204},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40076,"depth":139,"text":40206},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40085,"depth":139,"text":40208},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40102,"depth":139,"text":40210},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37695,"description":40212},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40219,"title":40220,"body":40221,"description":42374,"extension":2292,"meta":42375,"navigation":142,"path":42376,"seo":42377,"stem":42378,"__hash__":42379},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40222,"toc":42328},[40223,40226,40231,40237,40239,40291,40293,40312,40317,40321,40326,40329,40344,40347,40369,40371,40420,40422,40446,40448,40450,40465,40470,40478,40493,40495,40504,40507,40542,40546,40551,40555,40562,40597,40599,40615,40619,40622,40663,40665,40679,40683,40686,40710,40712,40721,40725,40728,40761,40763,40776,40780,40786,40805,40807,40815,40819,40824,40828,40834,40857,40859,40888,40891,40910,40914,40917,40944,40946,40980,40984,40987,41011,41015,41026,41028,41033,41039,41041,41125,41127,41169,41172,41176,41183,41192,41248,41255,41264,41269,41273,41344,41346,41355,41359,41362,41406,41408,41417,41421,41427,41477,41481,41486,41490,41514,41516,41525,41529,41553,41555,41566,41570,41594,41596,41605,41608,41625,41631,41635,41641,41644,41649,41652,41673,41675,41707,41710,41715,41717,41728,41730,41774,41778,41785,41837,41839,41848,41852,41855,41948,41951,41975,41979,41982,42074,42079,42083,42090,42095,42119,42121,42130,42135,42158,42160,42168,42175,42198,42206,42208,42221,42231,42233,42237,42244,42248,42257,42261,42268,42272,42276,42280,42293,42295,42325],[10,40224,40220],{"id":40225},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40227,22,40228,40230],{},[15,40229,3215],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40232,40233,40234,40236],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40235,3215],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[288,40238,2334],{"id":2333},[62,40240,40242],{"className":64,"code":40241,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40243,40244,40258,40277],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40245,40246,40248,40250,40252,40254,40256],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40247,128],{"class":127},[71,40249,90],{"class":89},[71,40251,2521],{"class":85},[71,40253,90],{"class":89},[71,40255,2466],{"class":117},[71,40257,204],{"class":89},[71,40259,40260,40262,40264,40266,40268,40270,40273,40275],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40261,128],{"class":127},[71,40263,90],{"class":89},[71,40265,2521],{"class":85},[71,40267,90],{"class":89},[71,40269,3184],{"class":99},[71,40271,40272],{"class":103},"3.14",[71,40274,3184],{"class":99},[71,40276,204],{"class":89},[71,40278,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287,40289],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,40280,128],{"class":127},[71,40282,90],{"class":89},[71,40284,2521],{"class":85},[71,40286,90],{"class":89},[71,40288,3935],{"class":4184},[71,40290,204],{"class":89},[20,40292,209],{},[62,40294,40296],{"className":64,"code":40295,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40297,40298,40302,40307],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40299,40300],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40301,2811],{"class":117},[71,40303,40304],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40305,40306],{"class":117},"3.14\n",[71,40308,40309],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,40310,40311],{"class":117},"1.0\n",[20,40313,283,40314,40316],{},[15,40315,3215],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[288,40318,40320],{"id":40319},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40322,40323,40325],{},[15,40324,3215],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40327,40328],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[40,40330,40331,40335,40339],{},[43,40332,40333],{},[15,40334,2823],{},[43,40336,40337],{},[15,40338,40272],{},[43,40340,40341],{},[15,40342,40343],{},"0.5",[20,40345,40346],{},"A few key points:",[40,40348,40349,40356,40359,40362],{},[43,40350,40351,40353,40354],{},[15,40352,3215],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40355,2521],{},[43,40357,40358],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[43,40360,40361],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[43,40363,40364,40365],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[56,40366,40367],{"href":8559},[15,40368,3289],{},[20,40370,2537],{},[62,40372,40374],{"className":64,"code":40373,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40375,40376,40396,40406],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40377,40378,40380,40382,40385,40387,40389,40392,40394],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40379,2547],{"class":77},[71,40381,82],{"class":81},[71,40383,40384],{"class":85}," float",[71,40386,90],{"class":89},[71,40388,3184],{"class":99},[71,40390,40391],{"class":103},"2.75",[71,40393,3184],{"class":99},[71,40395,121],{"class":89},[71,40397,40398,40400,40402,40404],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40399,128],{"class":127},[71,40401,90],{"class":89},[71,40403,2569],{"class":133},[71,40405,121],{"class":89},[71,40407,40408,40410,40412,40414,40416,40418],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,40409,128],{"class":127},[71,40411,90],{"class":89},[71,40413,735],{"class":85},[71,40415,90],{"class":89},[71,40417,2569],{"class":133},[71,40419,204],{"class":89},[20,40421,209],{},[62,40423,40425],{"className":64,"code":40424,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40426,40427,40432],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40428,40429],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40430,40431],{"class":117},"2.75\n",[71,40433,40434,40436,40438,40440,40442,40444],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40435,765],{"class":81},[71,40437,769],{"class":768},[71,40439,231],{"class":99},[71,40441,2521],{"class":103},[71,40443,100],{"class":99},[71,40445,778],{"class":81},[288,40447,343],{"id":342},[20,40449,7558],{},[62,40451,40453],{"className":64,"code":40452,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"float(value)\n",[15,40454,40455],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40456,40457,40459,40461,40463],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40458,2521],{"class":85},[71,40460,90],{"class":89},[71,40462,2804],{"class":133},[71,40464,121],{"class":89},[20,40466,40467,40468,60],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40469,3215],{},[20,40471,40472,40473,40475,40476,228],{},"If you call ",[15,40474,3215],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40477,4100],{},[62,40479,40481],{"className":64,"code":40480,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float())\n",[15,40482,40483],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40484,40485,40487,40489,40491],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40486,128],{"class":127},[71,40488,90],{"class":89},[71,40490,2521],{"class":85},[71,40492,7534],{"class":89},[20,40494,209],{},[62,40496,40498],{"className":64,"code":40497,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"0.0\n",[15,40499,40500],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40501,40502],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40503,40497],{"class":117},[20,40505,40506],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[62,40508,40510],{"className":64,"code":40509,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40511,40512,40532],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40513,40514,40517,40519,40521,40523,40525,40528,40530],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40515,40516],{"class":77},"price ",[71,40518,82],{"class":81},[71,40520,40384],{"class":85},[71,40522,90],{"class":89},[71,40524,3184],{"class":99},[71,40526,40527],{"class":103},"19.99",[71,40529,3184],{"class":99},[71,40531,121],{"class":89},[71,40533,40534,40536,40538,40540],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40535,128],{"class":127},[71,40537,90],{"class":89},[71,40539,25268],{"class":133},[71,40541,121],{"class":89},[288,40543,40545],{"id":40544},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40547,40548,40550],{},[15,40549,3215],{}," can convert several common value types.",[350,40552,40554],{"id":40553},"integers","Integers",[20,40556,40557,40558,40561],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40559,40560],{},".0"," added:",[62,40563,40565],{"className":64,"code":40564,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40566,40567,40581],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40568,40569,40571,40573,40575,40577,40579],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40570,128],{"class":127},[71,40572,90],{"class":89},[71,40574,2521],{"class":85},[71,40576,90],{"class":89},[71,40578,2466],{"class":117},[71,40580,204],{"class":89},[71,40582,40583,40585,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40584,128],{"class":127},[71,40586,90],{"class":89},[71,40588,2521],{"class":85},[71,40590,90],{"class":89},[71,40592,2353],{"class":81},[71,40594,630],{"class":117},[71,40596,204],{"class":89},[20,40598,209],{},[62,40600,40602],{"className":64,"code":40601,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40603,40604,40608],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40605,40606],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40607,2811],{"class":117},[71,40609,40610,40612],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40611,2353],{"class":81},[71,40613,40614],{"class":117},"2.0\n",[350,40616,40618],{"id":40617},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40620,40621],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[62,40623,40625],{"className":64,"code":40624,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40626,40627,40645],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40628,40629,40631,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641,40643],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40630,128],{"class":127},[71,40632,90],{"class":89},[71,40634,2521],{"class":85},[71,40636,90],{"class":89},[71,40638,3184],{"class":99},[71,40640,40272],{"class":103},[71,40642,3184],{"class":99},[71,40644,204],{"class":89},[71,40646,40647,40649,40651,40653,40655,40657,40659,40661],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40648,128],{"class":127},[71,40650,90],{"class":89},[71,40652,2521],{"class":85},[71,40654,90],{"class":89},[71,40656,3184],{"class":99},[71,40658,2661],{"class":103},[71,40660,3184],{"class":99},[71,40662,204],{"class":89},[20,40664,209],{},[62,40666,40668],{"className":64,"code":40667,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40669,40670,40674],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40671,40672],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40673,40306],{"class":117},[71,40675,40676],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40677,40678],{"class":117},"10.0\n",[350,40680,40682],{"id":40681},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40684,40685],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[62,40687,40689],{"className":64,"code":40688,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40690,40691],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40692,40693,40695,40697,40699,40701,40703,40706,40708],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40694,128],{"class":127},[71,40696,90],{"class":89},[71,40698,2521],{"class":85},[71,40700,90],{"class":89},[71,40702,3184],{"class":99},[71,40704,40705],{"class":103},"  8.5  ",[71,40707,3184],{"class":99},[71,40709,204],{"class":89},[20,40711,209],{},[62,40713,40715],{"className":64,"code":40714,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"8.5\n",[15,40716,40717],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40718,40719],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40720,40714],{"class":117},[350,40722,40724],{"id":40723},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40726,40727],{},"Boolean values also work:",[62,40729,40731],{"className":64,"code":40730,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40732,40733,40747],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40734,40735,40737,40739,40741,40743,40745],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40736,128],{"class":127},[71,40738,90],{"class":89},[71,40740,2521],{"class":85},[71,40742,90],{"class":89},[71,40744,3935],{"class":4184},[71,40746,204],{"class":89},[71,40748,40749,40751,40753,40755,40757,40759],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40750,128],{"class":127},[71,40752,90],{"class":89},[71,40754,2521],{"class":85},[71,40756,90],{"class":89},[71,40758,4006],{"class":4184},[71,40760,204],{"class":89},[20,40762,209],{},[62,40764,40766],{"className":64,"code":40765,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40767,40768,40772],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40769,40770],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40771,40311],{"class":117},[71,40773,40774],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,40775,40497],{"class":117},[350,40777,40779],{"id":40778},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40781,40782,40783,40785],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40784,3215],{}," returns a float version of it:",[62,40787,40789],{"className":64,"code":40788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40790,40791],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40792,40793,40795,40797,40799,40801,40803],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40794,128],{"class":127},[71,40796,90],{"class":89},[71,40798,2521],{"class":85},[71,40800,90],{"class":89},[71,40802,2693],{"class":117},[71,40804,204],{"class":89},[20,40806,209],{},[62,40808,40809],{"className":64,"code":2717,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,40810,40811],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40812,40813],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40814,2717],{"class":117},[288,40816,40818],{"id":40817},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40820,40821,40822,60],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40823,3215],{},[350,40825,40827],{"id":40826},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40829,40830,40831,228],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40832,40833],{},"ValueError",[62,40835,40837],{"className":64,"code":40836,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40838,40839],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40840,40841,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851,40853,40855],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40842,128],{"class":127},[71,40844,90],{"class":89},[71,40846,2521],{"class":85},[71,40848,90],{"class":89},[71,40850,3184],{"class":99},[71,40852,4177],{"class":103},[71,40854,3184],{"class":99},[71,40856,204],{"class":89},[20,40858,29801],{},[62,40860,40862],{"className":64,"code":40861,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40863,40864],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40865,40866,40868,40870,40873,40875,40878,40880,40882,40884,40886],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40867,40833],{"class":85},[71,40869,228],{"class":89},[71,40871,40872],{"class":77}," could ",[71,40874,4967],{"class":81},[71,40876,40877],{"class":77}," convert string to ",[71,40879,2521],{"class":85},[71,40881,228],{"class":89},[71,40883,231],{"class":99},[71,40885,4177],{"class":103},[71,40887,29820],{"class":99},[20,40889,40890],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[62,40892,40894],{"className":64,"code":40893,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40895,40896],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40897,40898,40900,40902,40904,40906,40908],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40899,128],{"class":127},[71,40901,90],{"class":89},[71,40903,2521],{"class":85},[71,40905,90],{"class":89},[71,40907,6609],{"class":99},[71,40909,204],{"class":89},[350,40911,40913],{"id":40912},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40915,40916],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[62,40918,40920],{"className":64,"code":40919,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40921,40922],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40923,40924,40926,40928,40930,40932,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40925,128],{"class":127},[71,40927,90],{"class":89},[71,40929,2521],{"class":85},[71,40931,3317],{"class":89},[71,40933,3320],{"class":117},[71,40935,109],{"class":89},[71,40937,183],{"class":117},[71,40939,109],{"class":89},[71,40941,701],{"class":117},[71,40943,3331],{"class":89},[20,40945,29801],{},[62,40947,40949],{"className":64,"code":40948,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40950,40951],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40952,40953,40955,40957,40959,40961,40964,40967,40970,40972,40974,40976,40978],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40954,3337],{"class":85},[71,40956,228],{"class":89},[71,40958,40384],{"class":85},[71,40960,7706],{"class":89},[71,40962,40963],{"class":77}," argument must be a string ",[71,40965,40966],{"class":81},"or",[71,40968,40969],{"class":77}," a real number",[71,40971,109],{"class":89},[71,40973,8439],{"class":81},[71,40975,231],{"class":99},[71,40977,8433],{"class":103},[71,40979,29820],{"class":99},[350,40981,40983],{"id":40982},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40985,40986],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[62,40988,40990],{"className":64,"code":40989,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40991,40992],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,40993,40994,40996,40998,41000,41002,41004,41007,41009],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,40995,128],{"class":127},[71,40997,90],{"class":89},[71,40999,2521],{"class":85},[71,41001,90],{"class":89},[71,41003,3184],{"class":99},[71,41005,41006],{"class":103},"3,14",[71,41008,3184],{"class":99},[71,41010,204],{"class":89},[20,41012,3334,41013,60],{},[15,41014,40833],{},[20,41016,41017,41018,1560,41022,60],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[56,41019,41021],{"href":41020},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[56,41023,41025],{"href":41024},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[288,41027,17533],{"id":17532},[20,41029,41030,41032],{},[15,41031,3215],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41034,41035,41036,41038],{},"It does ",[30,41037,4967],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41040,2537],{},[62,41042,41044],{"className":64,"code":41043,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41045,41046,41059,41073,41077,41087,41097,41111],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41047,41048,41050,41052,41054,41057],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41049,34811],{"class":77},[71,41051,82],{"class":81},[71,41053,3683],{"class":99},[71,41055,41056],{"class":103},"6.5",[71,41058,3689],{"class":99},[71,41060,41061,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41062,2547],{"class":77},[71,41064,82],{"class":81},[71,41066,40384],{"class":85},[71,41068,90],{"class":89},[71,41070,34832],{"class":133},[71,41072,121],{"class":89},[71,41074,41075],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,41076,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,41078,41079,41081,41083,41085],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,41080,128],{"class":127},[71,41082,90],{"class":89},[71,41084,34832],{"class":133},[71,41086,121],{"class":89},[71,41088,41089,41091,41093,41095],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,41090,128],{"class":127},[71,41092,90],{"class":89},[71,41094,2569],{"class":133},[71,41096,121],{"class":89},[71,41098,41099,41101,41103,41105,41107,41109],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,41100,128],{"class":127},[71,41102,90],{"class":89},[71,41104,735],{"class":85},[71,41106,90],{"class":89},[71,41108,34832],{"class":133},[71,41110,204],{"class":89},[71,41112,41113,41115,41117,41119,41121,41123],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,41114,128],{"class":127},[71,41116,90],{"class":89},[71,41118,735],{"class":85},[71,41120,90],{"class":89},[71,41122,2569],{"class":133},[71,41124,204],{"class":89},[20,41126,209],{},[62,41128,41130],{"className":64,"code":41129,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41131,41132,41137,41141,41155],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41133,41134],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41135,41136],{"class":117},"6.5\n",[71,41138,41139],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41140,41136],{"class":117},[71,41142,41143,41145,41147,41149,41151,41153],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,41144,765],{"class":81},[71,41146,769],{"class":768},[71,41148,231],{"class":99},[71,41150,3775],{"class":103},[71,41152,100],{"class":99},[71,41154,778],{"class":81},[71,41156,41157,41159,41161,41163,41165,41167],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,41158,765],{"class":81},[71,41160,769],{"class":768},[71,41162,231],{"class":99},[71,41164,2521],{"class":103},[71,41166,100],{"class":99},[71,41168,778],{"class":81},[20,41170,41171],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[288,41173,41175],{"id":41174},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[350,41177,41179,41180,41182],{"id":41178},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41181,3289],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41184,2309,41185,41189,41190,60],{},[56,41186,41187,2633],{"href":8559},[15,41188,3289],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41191,3215],{},[62,41193,41195],{"className":64,"code":41194,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41196,41197,41216,41230,41234],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41198,41199,41201,41203,41205,41207,41209,41212,41214],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41200,8577],{"class":77},[71,41202,82],{"class":81},[71,41204,8582],{"class":127},[71,41206,90],{"class":89},[71,41208,3184],{"class":99},[71,41210,41211],{"class":103},"Enter a price: ",[71,41213,3184],{"class":99},[71,41215,121],{"class":89},[71,41217,41218,41220,41222,41224,41226,41228],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41219,40516],{"class":77},[71,41221,82],{"class":81},[71,41223,40384],{"class":85},[71,41225,90],{"class":89},[71,41227,8606],{"class":133},[71,41229,121],{"class":89},[71,41231,41232],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,41233,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,41235,41236,41238,41240,41242,41244,41246],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,41237,128],{"class":127},[71,41239,90],{"class":89},[71,41241,40516],{"class":133},[71,41243,40001],{"class":81},[71,41245,183],{"class":117},[71,41247,121],{"class":89},[20,41249,41250,41251,41254],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41252,41253],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[62,41256,41258],{"className":64,"code":41257,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"9.0\n",[15,41259,41260],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41261,41262],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41263,41257],{"class":117},[20,41265,41266,41267,60],{},"For more help with this, see ",[56,41268,9322],{"href":9321},[350,41270,41272],{"id":41271},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[62,41274,41276],{"className":64,"code":41275,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41277,41278,41291,41304,41308,41333],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41279,41280,41282,41284,41286,41289],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41281,2886],{"class":77},[71,41283,82],{"class":81},[71,41285,3683],{"class":99},[71,41287,41288],{"class":103},"2.5",[71,41290,3689],{"class":99},[71,41292,41293,41295,41297,41299,41302],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41294,2913],{"class":77},[71,41296,82],{"class":81},[71,41298,3683],{"class":99},[71,41300,41301],{"class":103},"1.5",[71,41303,3689],{"class":99},[71,41305,41306],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,41307,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,41309,41310,41313,41315,41317,41319,41321,41323,41325,41327,41329,41331],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,41311,41312],{"class":77},"total ",[71,41314,82],{"class":81},[71,41316,40384],{"class":85},[71,41318,90],{"class":89},[71,41320,56],{"class":133},[71,41322,3993],{"class":89},[71,41324,2785],{"class":81},[71,41326,40384],{"class":85},[71,41328,90],{"class":89},[71,41330,176],{"class":133},[71,41332,121],{"class":89},[71,41334,41335,41337,41339,41342],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,41336,128],{"class":127},[71,41338,90],{"class":89},[71,41340,41341],{"class":133},"total",[71,41343,121],{"class":89},[20,41345,209],{},[62,41347,41349],{"className":64,"code":41348,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"4.0\n",[15,41350,41351],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41352,41353],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41354,41348],{"class":117},[350,41356,41358],{"id":41357},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41360,41361],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[62,41363,41365],{"className":64,"code":41364,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41366,41367,41377,41392,41396],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41368,41369,41372,41374],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41370,41371],{"class":77},"count ",[71,41373,82],{"class":81},[71,41375,41376],{"class":117}," 7\n",[71,41378,41379,41381,41383,41385,41387,41390],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41380,1102],{"class":77},[71,41382,82],{"class":81},[71,41384,40384],{"class":85},[71,41386,90],{"class":89},[71,41388,41389],{"class":133},"count",[71,41391,121],{"class":89},[71,41393,41394],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,41395,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,41397,41398,41400,41402,41404],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,41399,128],{"class":127},[71,41401,90],{"class":89},[71,41403,2594],{"class":133},[71,41405,121],{"class":89},[20,41407,209],{},[62,41409,41411],{"className":64,"code":41410,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"7.0\n",[15,41412,41413],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41414,41415],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41416,41410],{"class":117},[350,41418,41420],{"id":41419},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41422,41423,41424,41426],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41425,3215],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[62,41428,41430],{"className":64,"code":41429,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41431,41432,41446,41462,41466],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41433,41434,41437,41439,41441,41444],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41435,41436],{"class":77},"temperature_text ",[71,41438,82],{"class":81},[71,41440,3683],{"class":99},[71,41442,41443],{"class":103},"21.8",[71,41445,3689],{"class":99},[71,41447,41448,41451,41453,41455,41457,41460],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41449,41450],{"class":77},"temperature ",[71,41452,82],{"class":81},[71,41454,40384],{"class":85},[71,41456,90],{"class":89},[71,41458,41459],{"class":133},"temperature_text",[71,41461,121],{"class":89},[71,41463,41464],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,41465,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,41467,41468,41470,41472,41475],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,41469,128],{"class":127},[71,41471,90],{"class":89},[71,41473,41474],{"class":133},"temperature",[71,41476,121],{"class":89},[288,41478,41480],{"id":41479},"special-values","Special values",[20,41482,41483,41485],{},[15,41484,3215],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[350,41487,41489],{"id":41488},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[62,41491,41493],{"className":64,"code":41492,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41494,41495],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41496,41497,41499,41501,41503,41505,41507,41510,41512],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41498,128],{"class":127},[71,41500,90],{"class":89},[71,41502,2521],{"class":85},[71,41504,90],{"class":89},[71,41506,3184],{"class":99},[71,41508,41509],{"class":103},"inf",[71,41511,3184],{"class":99},[71,41513,204],{"class":89},[20,41515,209],{},[62,41517,41519],{"className":64,"code":41518,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"inf\n",[15,41520,41521],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41522,41523],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41524,41518],{"class":77},[350,41526,41528],{"id":41527},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[62,41530,41532],{"className":64,"code":41531,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41533,41534],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41535,41536,41538,41540,41542,41544,41546,41549,41551],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41537,128],{"class":127},[71,41539,90],{"class":89},[71,41541,2521],{"class":85},[71,41543,90],{"class":89},[71,41545,3184],{"class":99},[71,41547,41548],{"class":103},"-inf",[71,41550,3184],{"class":99},[71,41552,204],{"class":89},[20,41554,209],{},[62,41556,41558],{"className":64,"code":41557,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"-inf\n",[15,41559,41560],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41561,41562,41564],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41563,2353],{"class":81},[71,41565,41518],{"class":77},[350,41567,41569],{"id":41568},"not-a-number","Not a number",[62,41571,41573],{"className":64,"code":41572,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41574,41575],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41576,41577,41579,41581,41583,41585,41587,41590,41592],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41578,128],{"class":127},[71,41580,90],{"class":89},[71,41582,2521],{"class":85},[71,41584,90],{"class":89},[71,41586,3184],{"class":99},[71,41588,41589],{"class":103},"nan",[71,41591,3184],{"class":99},[71,41593,204],{"class":89},[20,41595,209],{},[62,41597,41599],{"className":64,"code":41598,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"nan\n",[15,41600,41601],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41602,41603],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41604,41598],{"class":77},[20,41606,41607],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[40,41609,41610,41615,41620],{},[43,41611,41612,41614],{},[15,41613,41509],{}," means positive infinity",[43,41616,41617,41619],{},[15,41618,41548],{}," means negative infinity",[43,41621,41622,41624],{},[15,41623,41589],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41626,41627,41628,41630],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41629,3215],{}," accepts them.",[288,41632,41634],{"id":41633},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41636,41637,41638,41640],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41639,3215],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[350,41642,40833],{"id":41643},"valueerror",[20,41645,15301,41646,41648],{},[15,41647,40833],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41650,41651],{},"Common causes:",[40,41653,41654,41660,41663,41666],{},[43,41655,41656,41657],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41658,41659],{},"\"abc\"",[43,41661,41662],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[43,41664,41665],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[43,41667,5041,41668],{},[56,41669,41670,41672],{"href":8559},[15,41671,3289],{}," returns a string",[20,41674,2537],{},[62,41676,41678],{"className":64,"code":41677,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41679,41680,41693],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41681,41682,41684,41686,41688,41691],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41683,2778],{"class":77},[71,41685,82],{"class":81},[71,41687,3683],{"class":99},[71,41689,41690],{"class":103},"abc",[71,41692,3689],{"class":99},[71,41694,41695,41697,41699,41701,41703,41705],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41696,128],{"class":127},[71,41698,90],{"class":89},[71,41700,2521],{"class":85},[71,41702,90],{"class":89},[71,41704,2804],{"class":133},[71,41706,204],{"class":89},[350,41708,3337],{"id":41709},"typeerror",[20,41711,15301,41712,41714],{},[15,41713,3337],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41716,41651],{},[40,41718,41719,41722,41725],{},[43,41720,41721],{},"Passing a list",[43,41723,41724],{},"Passing a dictionary",[43,41726,41727],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41729,2537],{},[62,41731,41733],{"className":64,"code":41732,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41734,41735,41760],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41736,41737,41739,41741,41743,41745,41747,41749,41751,41753,41756,41758],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41738,2778],{"class":77},[71,41740,82],{"class":81},[71,41742,1456],{"class":89},[71,41744,3184],{"class":99},[71,41746,25268],{"class":103},[71,41748,3184],{"class":99},[71,41750,228],{"class":89},[71,41752,3683],{"class":99},[71,41754,41755],{"class":103},"9.99",[71,41757,3184],{"class":99},[71,41759,252],{"class":89},[71,41761,41762,41764,41766,41768,41770,41772],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41763,128],{"class":127},[71,41765,90],{"class":89},[71,41767,2521],{"class":85},[71,41769,90],{"class":89},[71,41771,2804],{"class":133},[71,41773,204],{"class":89},[350,41775,41777],{"id":41776},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41779,41780,41781,41784],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41782,41783],{},"strip()"," can help:",[62,41786,41788],{"className":64,"code":41787,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41789,41790,41803,41818,41822],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41791,41792,41794,41796,41798,41801],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41793,2778],{"class":77},[71,41795,82],{"class":81},[71,41797,3683],{"class":99},[71,41799,41800],{"class":103},"  7.25  ",[71,41802,3689],{"class":99},[71,41804,41805,41808,41810,41812,41814,41816],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41806,41807],{"class":77},"clean_value ",[71,41809,82],{"class":81},[71,41811,8774],{"class":77},[71,41813,60],{"class":89},[71,41815,8976],{"class":133},[71,41817,369],{"class":89},[71,41819,41820],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,41821,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,41823,41824,41826,41828,41830,41832,41835],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,41825,128],{"class":127},[71,41827,90],{"class":89},[71,41829,2521],{"class":85},[71,41831,90],{"class":89},[71,41833,41834],{"class":133},"clean_value",[71,41836,204],{"class":89},[20,41838,209],{},[62,41840,41842],{"className":64,"code":41841,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"7.25\n",[15,41843,41844],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41845,41846],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41847,41841],{"class":117},[350,41849,41851],{"id":41850},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41853,41854],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[62,41856,41858],{"className":64,"code":41857,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41859,41860,41873,41877,41887,41901,41916,41920,41934],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41861,41862,41864,41866,41868,41871],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41863,2778],{"class":77},[71,41865,82],{"class":81},[71,41867,3683],{"class":99},[71,41869,41870],{"class":103}," 3.5 ",[71,41872,3689],{"class":99},[71,41874,41875],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,41876,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,41878,41879,41881,41883,41885],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,41880,128],{"class":127},[71,41882,90],{"class":89},[71,41884,2804],{"class":133},[71,41886,121],{"class":89},[71,41888,41889,41891,41893,41895,41897,41899],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,41890,128],{"class":127},[71,41892,90],{"class":89},[71,41894,735],{"class":85},[71,41896,90],{"class":89},[71,41898,2804],{"class":133},[71,41900,204],{"class":89},[71,41902,41903,41905,41907,41910,41912,41914],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,41904,128],{"class":127},[71,41906,90],{"class":89},[71,41908,41909],{"class":127},"repr",[71,41911,90],{"class":89},[71,41913,2804],{"class":133},[71,41915,204],{"class":89},[71,41917,41918],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,41919,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,41921,41922,41924,41926,41928,41930,41932],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,41923,41807],{"class":77},[71,41925,82],{"class":81},[71,41927,8774],{"class":77},[71,41929,60],{"class":89},[71,41931,8976],{"class":133},[71,41933,369],{"class":89},[71,41935,41936,41938,41940,41942,41944,41946],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,41937,128],{"class":127},[71,41939,90],{"class":89},[71,41941,2521],{"class":85},[71,41943,90],{"class":89},[71,41945,41834],{"class":133},[71,41947,204],{"class":89},[20,41949,41950],{},"Why this helps:",[40,41952,41953,41959,41964,41970],{},[43,41954,41955,41958],{},[15,41956,41957],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[43,41960,41961,21484],{},[15,41962,41963],{},"print(type(value))",[43,41965,41966,41969],{},[15,41967,41968],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[43,41971,41972,41974],{},[15,41973,41783],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[350,41976,41978],{"id":41977},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41980,41981],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[62,41983,41985],{"className":64,"code":41984,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41986,41987,42006,42010,42016,42031,42050,42059],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,41988,41989,41991,41993,41995,41997,41999,42002,42004],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,41990,2778],{"class":77},[71,41992,82],{"class":81},[71,41994,8582],{"class":127},[71,41996,90],{"class":89},[71,41998,3184],{"class":99},[71,42000,42001],{"class":103},"Enter a number: ",[71,42003,3184],{"class":99},[71,42005,121],{"class":89},[71,42007,42008],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,42009,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,42011,42012,42014],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,42013,29924],{"class":4209},[71,42015,6731],{"class":89},[71,42017,42018,42021,42023,42025,42027,42029],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,42019,42020],{"class":77},"    number ",[71,42022,82],{"class":81},[71,42024,40384],{"class":85},[71,42026,90],{"class":89},[71,42028,2804],{"class":133},[71,42030,121],{"class":89},[71,42032,42033,42035,42037,42039,42042,42044,42046,42048],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,42034,8408],{"class":127},[71,42036,90],{"class":89},[71,42038,3184],{"class":99},[71,42040,42041],{"class":103},"Converted:",[71,42043,3184],{"class":99},[71,42045,109],{"class":89},[71,42047,2526],{"class":133},[71,42049,121],{"class":89},[71,42051,42052,42054,42057],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,42053,29955],{"class":4209},[71,42055,42056],{"class":85}," ValueError",[71,42058,6731],{"class":89},[71,42060,42061,42063,42065,42067,42070,42072],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,42062,8408],{"class":127},[71,42064,90],{"class":89},[71,42066,3184],{"class":99},[71,42068,42069],{"class":103},"That is not a valid number.",[71,42071,3184],{"class":99},[71,42073,121],{"class":89},[20,42075,42076,42077,60],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[56,42078,41025],{"href":41024},[288,42080,42082],{"id":42081},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42084,1557,42085,1560,42087,42089],{},[15,42086,3215],{},[15,42088,3208],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42091,42092,42094],{},[15,42093,3215],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[62,42096,42098],{"className":64,"code":42097,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42099,42100],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42101,42102,42104,42106,42108,42110,42112,42115,42117],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42103,128],{"class":127},[71,42105,90],{"class":89},[71,42107,2521],{"class":85},[71,42109,90],{"class":89},[71,42111,3184],{"class":99},[71,42113,42114],{"class":103},"3.9",[71,42116,3184],{"class":99},[71,42118,204],{"class":89},[20,42120,209],{},[62,42122,42124],{"className":64,"code":42123,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3.9\n",[15,42125,42126],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42127,42128],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42129,42123],{"class":117},[20,42131,42132,42134],{},[15,42133,3208],{}," creates whole numbers:",[62,42136,42138],{"className":64,"code":42137,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42139,42140],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42141,42142,42144,42146,42148,42150,42152,42154,42156],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42143,128],{"class":127},[71,42145,90],{"class":89},[71,42147,2517],{"class":85},[71,42149,90],{"class":89},[71,42151,3184],{"class":99},[71,42153,2661],{"class":103},[71,42155,3184],{"class":99},[71,42157,204],{"class":89},[20,42159,209],{},[62,42161,42162],{"className":64,"code":2707,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,42163,42164],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42165,42166],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42167,2707],{"class":117},[20,42169,42170,42171,42174],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42172,42173],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[62,42176,42178],{"className":64,"code":42177,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42179,42180],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42181,42182,42184,42186,42188,42190,42192,42194,42196],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42183,128],{"class":127},[71,42185,90],{"class":89},[71,42187,2517],{"class":85},[71,42189,90],{"class":89},[71,42191,3184],{"class":99},[71,42193,42114],{"class":103},[71,42195,3184],{"class":99},[71,42197,204],{"class":89},[20,42199,3334,42200,8943,42202,42205],{},[15,42201,40833],{},[15,42203,42204],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42207,1681],{},[40,42209,42210,42216],{},[43,42211,42212,42215],{},[15,42213,42214],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[43,42217,42218,42220],{},[15,42219,42173],{}," fails",[20,42222,42223,42224,42227,42228,42230],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[56,42225,42226],{"href":3205},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[56,42229,2751],{"href":2750}," helpful.",[288,42232,2163],{"id":2162},[350,42234,42236],{"id":42235},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42238,42239,42240,3209,42242,60],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42241,2823],{},[15,42243,40272],{},[350,42245,42247],{"id":42246},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42249,42250,42251,3209,42254,60],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42252,42253],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42255,42256],{},"\"10\"",[350,42258,42260],{"id":42259},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42262,29181,42263,42265,42266,60],{},[15,42264,41659],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42267,40833],{},[350,42269,42271],{"id":42270},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42273,5485,42274,60],{},[15,42275,4100],{},[350,42277,42279],{"id":42278},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42281,42282,42283,42285,42286,1560,42289,42285,42291,60],{},"Yes. ",[15,42284,3935],{}," becomes ",[15,42287,42288],{},"1.0",[15,42290,4006],{},[15,42292,4100],{},[288,42294,2221],{"id":2220},[40,42296,42297,42301,42307,42312,42316,42320],{},[43,42298,42299],{},[56,42300,42226],{"href":3205},[43,42302,42303],{},[56,42304,42306],{"href":42305},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[43,42308,42309],{},[56,42310,42311],{"href":41020},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[43,42313,42314],{},[56,42315,9399],{"href":9321},[43,42317,42318],{},[56,42319,41025],{"href":41024},[43,42321,42322],{},[56,42323,42324],{"href":8559},"Python input() Function Explained",[2250,42326,42327],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":42329},[42330,42331,42332,42333,42340,42345,42346,42353,42358,42365,42366,42373],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":40319,"depth":124,"text":40320},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":40544,"depth":124,"text":40545,"children":42334},[42335,42336,42337,42338,42339],{"id":40553,"depth":139,"text":40554},{"id":40617,"depth":139,"text":40618},{"id":40681,"depth":139,"text":40682},{"id":40723,"depth":139,"text":40724},{"id":40778,"depth":139,"text":40779},{"id":40817,"depth":124,"text":40818,"children":42341},[42342,42343,42344],{"id":40826,"depth":139,"text":40827},{"id":40912,"depth":139,"text":40913},{"id":40982,"depth":139,"text":40983},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":41174,"depth":124,"text":41175,"children":42347},[42348,42350,42351,42352],{"id":41178,"depth":139,"text":42349},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41271,"depth":139,"text":41272},{"id":41357,"depth":139,"text":41358},{"id":41419,"depth":139,"text":41420},{"id":41479,"depth":124,"text":41480,"children":42354},[42355,42356,42357],{"id":41488,"depth":139,"text":41489},{"id":41527,"depth":139,"text":41528},{"id":41568,"depth":139,"text":41569},{"id":41633,"depth":124,"text":41634,"children":42359},[42360,42361,42362,42363,42364],{"id":41643,"depth":139,"text":40833},{"id":41709,"depth":139,"text":3337},{"id":41776,"depth":139,"text":41777},{"id":41850,"depth":139,"text":41851},{"id":41977,"depth":139,"text":41978},{"id":42081,"depth":124,"text":42082},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":42367},[42368,42369,42370,42371,42372],{"id":42235,"depth":139,"text":42236},{"id":42246,"depth":139,"text":42247},{"id":42259,"depth":139,"text":42260},{"id":42270,"depth":139,"text":42271},{"id":42278,"depth":139,"text":42279},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40220,"description":42374},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42381,"title":42382,"body":42383,"description":43604,"extension":2292,"meta":43605,"navigation":142,"path":35148,"seo":43606,"stem":43607,"__hash__":43608},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42384,"toc":43570},[42385,42388,42393,42396,42398,42437,42451,42455,42460,42463,42480,42483,42493,42508,42511,42513,42516,42532,42535,42538,42558,42562,42573,42576,42580,42584,42598,42633,42637,42648,42683,42686,42688,42696,42729,42745,42747,42757,42778,42789,42791,42796,42799,42813,42815,42834,42837,42850,42853,42857,42861,42875,42878,42896,42899,42914,42918,42923,42937,42943,42945,43002,43004,43037,43040,43056,43060,43067,43071,43076,43079,43090,43094,43099,43114,43123,43128,43147,43150,43162,43164,43169,43179,43182,43211,43216,43225,43229,43234,43237,43241,43246,43248,43278,43281,43288,43293,43298,43302,43305,43313,43316,43394,43397,43419,43421,43425,43428,43432,43438,43501,43505,43513,43517,43520,43522,43547,43567],[10,42386,42382],{"id":42387},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42389,3913,42390,42392],{},[15,42391,35151],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42394,42395],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[288,42397,2334],{"id":2333},[62,42399,42401],{"className":64,"code":42400,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42402,42403,42413,42423],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42404,42405,42407,42409,42411],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42406,32274],{"class":127},[71,42408,90],{"class":89},[71,42410,2139],{"class":127},[71,42412,121],{"class":89},[71,42414,42415,42417,42419,42421],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,42416,32274],{"class":127},[71,42418,90],{"class":89},[71,42420,3775],{"class":85},[71,42422,121],{"class":89},[71,42424,42425,42427,42429,42431,42433,42435],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,42426,32274],{"class":127},[71,42428,90],{"class":89},[71,42430,100],{"class":99},[71,42432,34782],{"class":103},[71,42434,100],{"class":99},[71,42436,121],{"class":89},[20,42438,283,42439,42441,42442,3209,42444,42446,42447,42450],{},[15,42440,35151],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42443,2139],{},[15,42445,3775],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42448,42449],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[288,42452,42454],{"id":42453},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42456,42457,42459],{},[15,42458,35151],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42461,42462],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[40,42464,42465,42468,42471,42474,42477],{},[43,42466,42467],{},"Functions",[43,42469,42470],{},"Classes",[43,42472,42473],{},"Methods",[43,42475,42476],{},"Modules",[43,42478,42479],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42481,42482],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42484,42485,42486,42492],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[56,42487,42489],{"href":42488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42490,42491],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[62,42494,42496],{"className":64,"code":42495,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(len)\n",[15,42497,42498],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42499,42500,42502,42504,42506],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42501,32274],{"class":127},[71,42503,90],{"class":89},[71,42505,2139],{"class":127},[71,42507,121],{"class":89},[20,42509,42510],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[288,42512,343],{"id":342},[20,42514,42515],{},"The main form is:",[62,42517,42519],{"className":64,"code":42518,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(object)\n",[15,42520,42521],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42522,42523,42525,42527,42530],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42524,32274],{"class":127},[71,42526,90],{"class":89},[71,42528,42529],{"class":85},"object",[71,42531,121],{"class":89},[20,42533,42534],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42536,42537],{},"Common examples include:",[40,42539,42540,42544,42549,42553],{},[43,42541,42542],{},[15,42543,2139],{},[43,42545,42546],{},[15,42547,42548],{},"list.append",[43,42550,42551],{},[15,42552,3775],{},[43,42554,42555],{},[15,42556,42557],{},"open",[20,42559,7515,42560,7518],{},[15,42561,35151],{},[62,42563,42565],{"className":64,"code":42564,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help()\n",[15,42566,42567],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42568,42569,42571],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42570,32274],{"class":127},[71,42572,369],{"class":89},[20,42574,42575],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[288,42577,42579],{"id":42578},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[350,42581,42583],{"id":42582},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42585,42586,42587,2518,42589,2518,42591,17186,42594,60],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42588,2139],{},[15,42590,128],{},[15,42592,42593],{},"input",[56,42595,42596],{"href":2629},[15,42597,2632],{},[62,42599,42601],{"className":64,"code":42600,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42602,42603,42613,42623],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42604,42605,42607,42609,42611],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42606,32274],{"class":127},[71,42608,90],{"class":89},[71,42610,128],{"class":127},[71,42612,121],{"class":89},[71,42614,42615,42617,42619,42621],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,42616,32274],{"class":127},[71,42618,90],{"class":89},[71,42620,42593],{"class":127},[71,42622,121],{"class":89},[71,42624,42625,42627,42629,42631],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,42626,32274],{"class":127},[71,42628,90],{"class":89},[71,42630,735],{"class":85},[71,42632,121],{"class":89},[350,42634,42636],{"id":42635},"data-types","Data types",[20,42638,42639,42640,2518,42642,2518,42644,17186,42646,60],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42641,3775],{},[15,42643,8433],{},[15,42645,196],{},[15,42647,6624],{},[62,42649,42651],{"className":64,"code":42650,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42652,42653,42663,42673],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42654,42655,42657,42659,42661],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42656,32274],{"class":127},[71,42658,90],{"class":89},[71,42660,3775],{"class":85},[71,42662,121],{"class":89},[71,42664,42665,42667,42669,42671],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,42666,32274],{"class":127},[71,42668,90],{"class":89},[71,42670,8433],{"class":85},[71,42672,121],{"class":89},[71,42674,42675,42677,42679,42681],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,42676,32274],{"class":127},[71,42678,90],{"class":89},[71,42680,196],{"class":85},[71,42682,121],{"class":89},[20,42684,42685],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[350,42687,42473],{"id":34629},[20,42689,42690,42691,1560,42694,60],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42692,42693],{},"str.split",[15,42695,42548],{},[62,42697,42699],{"className":64,"code":42698,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42700,42701,42715],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42702,42703,42705,42707,42709,42711,42713],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42704,32274],{"class":127},[71,42706,90],{"class":89},[71,42708,3775],{"class":85},[71,42710,60],{"class":89},[71,42712,34592],{"class":24868},[71,42714,121],{"class":89},[71,42716,42717,42719,42721,42723,42725,42727],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,42718,32274],{"class":127},[71,42720,90],{"class":89},[71,42722,8433],{"class":85},[71,42724,60],{"class":89},[71,42726,13664],{"class":24868},[71,42728,121],{"class":89},[20,42730,42731,42732,9046,42734,28433,42739,42741,42742,42744],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42733,35151],{},[56,42735,42737],{"href":42736},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42738,34434],{},[15,42740,34434],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42743,35151],{}," explains one of them.",[350,42746,42476],{"id":34782},[20,42748,42749,42750,2518,42752,17186,42754,60],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42751,18532],{},[15,42753,35314],{},[15,42755,42756],{},"os",[62,42758,42760],{"className":64,"code":42759,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42761,42762,42768],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42763,42764,42766],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42765,35215],{"class":4209},[71,42767,35218],{"class":77},[71,42769,42770,42772,42774,42776],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,42771,32274],{"class":127},[71,42773,90],{"class":89},[71,42775,18532],{"class":133},[71,42777,121],{"class":89},[20,42779,42780,42781,42785,42786,60],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[56,42782,42784],{"href":42783},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[56,42787,35281],{"href":42788},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[288,42790,35042],{"id":35041},[20,42792,42793,42795],{},[15,42794,35151],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42797,42798],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[40,42800,42801,42804,42807,42810],{},[43,42802,42803],{},"The function signature",[43,42805,42806],{},"The short description",[43,42808,42809],{},"Parameter names",[43,42811,42812],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42814,5808],{},[62,42816,42818],{"className":64,"code":42817,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42819,42820],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42821,42822,42824,42826,42828,42830,42832],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42823,32274],{"class":127},[71,42825,90],{"class":89},[71,42827,3775],{"class":85},[71,42829,60],{"class":89},[71,42831,34592],{"class":24868},[71,42833,121],{"class":89},[20,42835,42836],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[40,42838,42839,42842,42845,42847],{},[43,42840,42841],{},"What object this is",[43,42843,42844],{},"What arguments it accepts",[43,42846,22087],{},[43,42848,42849],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42851,42852],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[288,42854,42856],{"id":42855},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42858,42859,29994],{},[15,42860,35151],{},[40,42862,42863,42866,42869,42872],{},[43,42864,42865],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[43,42867,42868],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[43,42870,42871],{},"You are exploring a new module",[43,42873,42874],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42876,42877],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[62,42879,42880],{"className":64,"code":42817,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,42881,42882],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42883,42884,42886,42888,42890,42892,42894],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42885,32274],{"class":127},[71,42887,90],{"class":89},[71,42889,3775],{"class":85},[71,42891,60],{"class":89},[71,42893,34592],{"class":24868},[71,42895,121],{"class":89},[20,42897,42898],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[62,42900,42902],{"className":64,"code":42901,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(open)\n",[15,42903,42904],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42905,42906,42908,42910,42912],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42907,32274],{"class":127},[71,42909,90],{"class":89},[71,42911,42557],{"class":127},[71,42913,121],{"class":89},[288,42915,42917],{"id":42916},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42919,42920,42922],{},[15,42921,35151],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[40,42924,42925,42928,42931,42934],{},[43,42926,42927],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[43,42929,42930],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[43,42932,42933],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[43,42935,42936],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42938,42939,42940,42942],{},"So, ",[15,42941,35151],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42944,5808],{},[62,42946,42948],{"className":64,"code":42947,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42949,42950,42963,42987,42991],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,42951,42952,42954,42956,42958,42961],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,42953,34811],{"class":77},[71,42955,82],{"class":81},[71,42957,3683],{"class":99},[71,42959,42960],{"class":103},"a,b,c",[71,42962,3689],{"class":99},[71,42964,42965,42968,42970,42973,42975,42977,42979,42981,42983,42985],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,42966,42967],{"class":77},"parts ",[71,42969,82],{"class":81},[71,42971,42972],{"class":77}," text",[71,42974,60],{"class":89},[71,42976,34592],{"class":133},[71,42978,90],{"class":89},[71,42980,3184],{"class":99},[71,42982,109],{"class":103},[71,42984,3184],{"class":99},[71,42986,121],{"class":89},[71,42988,42989],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,42990,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,42992,42993,42995,42997,43000],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,42994,128],{"class":127},[71,42996,90],{"class":89},[71,42998,42999],{"class":133},"parts",[71,43001,121],{"class":89},[20,43003,5895],{},[62,43005,43007],{"className":64,"code":43006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43008,43009],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43010,43011,43013,43015,43017,43019,43021,43023,43025,43027,43029,43031,43033,43035],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43012,4234],{"class":89},[71,43014,100],{"class":99},[71,43016,56],{"class":103},[71,43018,100],{"class":99},[71,43020,109],{"class":89},[71,43022,231],{"class":99},[71,43024,176],{"class":103},[71,43026,100],{"class":99},[71,43028,109],{"class":89},[71,43030,231],{"class":99},[71,43032,694],{"class":103},[71,43034,100],{"class":99},[71,43036,1757],{"class":89},[20,43038,43039],{},"A good workflow is:",[28833,43041,43042,43047,43050,43053],{},[43,43043,283,43044,43046],{},[15,43045,35151],{}," to inspect something",[43,43048,43049],{},"Write a tiny example",[43,43051,43052],{},"Check the result",[43,43054,43055],{},"Repeat",[288,43057,43059],{"id":43058},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43061,43062,1560,43064,43066],{},[15,43063,35151],{},[15,43065,34434],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[350,43068,43069],{"id":32274},[15,43070,35151],{},[20,43072,283,43073,43075],{},[15,43074,35151],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43077,43078],{},"It tells you:",[40,43080,43081,43084,43087],{},[43,43082,43083],{},"What something is",[43,43085,43086],{},"How to use it",[43,43088,43089],{},"What parameters it accepts",[350,43091,43092],{"id":34495},[15,43093,34434],{},[20,43095,283,43096,43098],{},[15,43097,34434],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[62,43100,43102],{"className":64,"code":43101,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dir(str)\n",[15,43103,43104],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43105,43106,43108,43110,43112],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43107,34495],{"class":127},[71,43109,90],{"class":89},[71,43111,3775],{"class":85},[71,43113,121],{"class":89},[20,43115,43116,43117,2518,43119,17186,43121,60],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43118,34592],{},[15,43120,8976],{},[15,43122,8982],{},[20,43124,43125,43126,228],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43127,35151],{},[62,43129,43131],{"className":64,"code":43130,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43132,43133],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43134,43135,43137,43139,43141,43143,43145],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43136,32274],{"class":127},[71,43138,90],{"class":89},[71,43140,3775],{"class":85},[71,43142,60],{"class":89},[71,43144,8982],{"class":24868},[71,43146,121],{"class":89},[20,43148,43149],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[40,43151,43152,43157],{},[43,43153,283,43154,43156],{},[15,43155,34434],{}," to discover options",[43,43158,283,43159,43161],{},[15,43160,35151],{}," to understand one option",[288,43163,2054],{"id":2053},[20,43165,43166,43167,60],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43168,35151],{},[350,43170,8758,43172,43175,43176],{"id":43171},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43173,43174],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43177,43178],{},"help(len)",[20,43180,43181],{},"These are not always the same.",[62,43183,43185],{"className":64,"code":43184,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43186,43187,43197],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43188,43189,43191,43193,43195],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43190,32274],{"class":127},[71,43192,90],{"class":89},[71,43194,2139],{"class":127},[71,43196,121],{"class":89},[71,43198,43199,43201,43203,43205,43207,43209],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,43200,32274],{"class":127},[71,43202,90],{"class":89},[71,43204,100],{"class":99},[71,43206,2139],{"class":103},[71,43208,100],{"class":99},[71,43210,121],{"class":89},[20,43212,43213,43215],{},[15,43214,43178],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43217,43218,43220,43221,43224],{},[15,43219,43174],{}," treats ",[15,43222,43223],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[350,43226,43228],{"id":43227},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43230,43231,43233],{},[15,43232,35151],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43235,43236],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[350,43238,43240],{"id":43239},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43242,40472,43243,43245],{},[15,43244,35151],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43247,2537],{},[62,43249,43251],{"className":64,"code":43250,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43252,43253,43263],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43254,43255,43257,43259,43261],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43256,32274],{"class":127},[71,43258,90],{"class":89},[71,43260,2139],{"class":127},[71,43262,121],{"class":89},[71,43264,43265,43267,43269,43271,43274,43276],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,43266,128],{"class":127},[71,43268,90],{"class":89},[71,43270,3184],{"class":99},[71,43272,43273],{"class":103},"Done",[71,43275,3184],{"class":99},[71,43277,121],{"class":89},[20,43279,43280],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[350,43282,37331,43284,9046,43286],{"id":43283},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43285,35151],{},[15,43287,34434],{},[20,43289,43290,43291,60],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43292,34434],{},[20,43294,43295,43296,60],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43297,35151],{},[288,43299,43301],{"id":43300},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43303,43304],{},"Open Python:",[62,43306,43307],{"className":64,"code":35667,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,43308,43309],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43310,43311],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43312,35667],{"class":77},[20,43314,43315],{},"Then test these commands:",[62,43317,43319],{"className":64,"code":43318,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43320,43321,43331,43345,43359,43369,43384],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43322,43323,43325,43327,43329],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43324,32274],{"class":127},[71,43326,90],{"class":89},[71,43328,2139],{"class":127},[71,43330,121],{"class":89},[71,43332,43333,43335,43337,43339,43341,43343],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,43334,32274],{"class":127},[71,43336,90],{"class":89},[71,43338,3775],{"class":85},[71,43340,60],{"class":89},[71,43342,34592],{"class":24868},[71,43344,121],{"class":89},[71,43346,43347,43349,43351,43353,43355,43357],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,43348,32274],{"class":127},[71,43350,90],{"class":89},[71,43352,8433],{"class":85},[71,43354,60],{"class":89},[71,43356,13664],{"class":24868},[71,43358,121],{"class":89},[71,43360,43361,43363,43365,43367],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,43362,32274],{"class":127},[71,43364,90],{"class":89},[71,43366,42557],{"class":127},[71,43368,121],{"class":89},[71,43370,43371,43373,43375,43377,43380,43382],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,43372,32274],{"class":127},[71,43374,90],{"class":89},[71,43376,100],{"class":99},[71,43378,43379],{"class":103},"keywords",[71,43381,100],{"class":99},[71,43383,121],{"class":89},[71,43385,43386,43388,43390,43392],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,43387,34495],{"class":127},[71,43389,90],{"class":89},[71,43391,3775],{"class":85},[71,43393,121],{"class":89},[20,43395,43396],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[40,43398,43399,43402,43405,43408,43411,43414],{},[43,43400,43401],{},"A built-in function",[43,43403,43404],{},"A string method",[43,43406,43407],{},"A list method",[43,43409,43410],{},"A built-in file function",[43,43412,43413],{},"A special help topic",[43,43415,15301,43416,43418],{},[15,43417,34434],{}," example for comparison",[288,43420,2163],{"id":2162},[350,43422,43424],{"id":43423},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43426,43427],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[350,43429,43431],{"id":43430},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43433,43434,43435,43437],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43436,35151],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[62,43439,43441],{"className":64,"code":43440,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43442,43443,43455,43468,43487,43491],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43444,43445,43447,43449,43451,43453],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43446,34975],{"class":768},[71,43448,34979],{"class":34978},[71,43450,90],{"class":89},[71,43452,94],{"class":37790},[71,43454,8682],{"class":89},[71,43456,43457,43461,43465],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,43458,43460],{"class":43459},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[71,43462,43464],{"class":43463},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[71,43466,43467],{"class":43459},"\"\"\"\n",[71,43469,43470,43472,43475,43478,43480,43482,43484],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,43471,34986],{"class":4209},[71,43473,43474],{"class":768}," f",[71,43476,43477],{"class":103},"\"Hello, ",[71,43479,219],{"class":117},[71,43481,94],{"class":77},[71,43483,22420],{"class":117},[71,43485,43486],{"class":103},"!\"\n",[71,43488,43489],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,43490,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,43492,43493,43495,43497,43499],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,43494,32274],{"class":127},[71,43496,90],{"class":89},[71,43498,35021],{"class":133},[71,43500,121],{"class":89},[350,43502,43504],{"id":43503},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43506,43507,43509,43510,43512],{},[15,43508,43178],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43511,43174],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[350,43514,43516],{"id":43515},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43518,43519],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[288,43521,2221],{"id":2220},[40,43523,43524,43529,43533,43538,43543],{},[43,43525,43526],{},[56,43527,43528],{"href":42736},"Python dir() function explained",[43,43530,43531],{},[56,43532,8783],{"href":2629},[43,43534,43535],{},[56,43536,43537],{"href":42488},"Python len() function explained",[43,43539,43540],{},[56,43541,43542],{"href":42783},"How import works in Python",[43,43544,43545],{},[56,43546,35281],{"href":42788},[20,43548,43549,43550,43552,43553,2518,43555,17186,43557,43559,43560,3209,43563,43566],{},"Try ",[15,43551,35151],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43554,2139],{},[15,43556,128],{},[15,43558,42593],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43561,43562],{},"dir(str)",[15,43564,43565],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2250,43568,43569],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":43571},[43572,43573,43574,43575,43581,43582,43583,43584,43588,43596,43597,43603],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":42453,"depth":124,"text":42454},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":42578,"depth":124,"text":42579,"children":43576},[43577,43578,43579,43580],{"id":42582,"depth":139,"text":42583},{"id":42635,"depth":139,"text":42636},{"id":34629,"depth":139,"text":42473},{"id":34782,"depth":139,"text":42476},{"id":35041,"depth":124,"text":35042},{"id":42855,"depth":124,"text":42856},{"id":42916,"depth":124,"text":42917},{"id":43058,"depth":124,"text":43059,"children":43585},[43586,43587],{"id":32274,"depth":139,"text":35151},{"id":34495,"depth":139,"text":34434},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":43589},[43590,43592,43593,43594],{"id":43171,"depth":139,"text":43591},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43227,"depth":139,"text":43228},{"id":43239,"depth":139,"text":43240},{"id":43283,"depth":139,"text":43595},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43300,"depth":124,"text":43301},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":43598},[43599,43600,43601,43602],{"id":43423,"depth":139,"text":43424},{"id":43430,"depth":139,"text":43431},{"id":43503,"depth":139,"text":43504},{"id":43515,"depth":139,"text":43516},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42382,"description":43604},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43610,"title":43611,"body":43612,"description":44974,"extension":2292,"meta":44975,"navigation":142,"path":44976,"seo":44977,"stem":44978,"__hash__":44979},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43613,"toc":44947},[43614,43620,43625,43631,43641,43700,43710,43721,43726,43732,43734,43752,43760,43762,43764,43779,43782,43793,43795,43886,43889,43893,43898,43919,43921,44032,44034,44061,44072,44076,44079,44162,44164,44172,44178,44184,44188,44191,44301,44303,44316,44319,44333,44341,44348,44353,44367,44373,44486,44488,44549,44552,44558,44564,44567,44589,44592,44662,44665,44697,44704,44706,44709,44727,44730,44742,44748,44750,44755,44781,44784,44856,44858,44864,44867,44873,44876,44882,44892,44898,44901,44908,44911,44913,44944],[10,43615,13,43617,18],{"id":43616},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43618,43619],{},"id()",[20,43621,32439,43622,43624],{},[15,43623,43619],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43626,43627,43628,43630],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43629,43619],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43632,283,43633,43635,43636,43638,43639,60],{},[15,43634,43619],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[30,43637,4967],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43640,5025],{},[62,43642,43644],{"className":64,"code":43643,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43645,43646,43658,43672,43676,43686],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43647,43648,43650,43652,43654,43656],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43649,8215],{"class":77},[71,43651,82],{"class":81},[71,43653,3683],{"class":99},[71,43655,7637],{"class":103},[71,43657,3689],{"class":99},[71,43659,43660,43662,43664,43666,43668,43670],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,43661,128],{"class":127},[71,43663,90],{"class":89},[71,43665,12758],{"class":127},[71,43667,90],{"class":89},[71,43669,94],{"class":133},[71,43671,204],{"class":89},[71,43673,43674],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,43675,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,43677,43678,43681,43683],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,43679,43680],{"class":77},"other ",[71,43682,82],{"class":81},[71,43684,43685],{"class":77}," name\n",[71,43687,43688,43690,43692,43694,43696,43698],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,43689,128],{"class":127},[71,43691,90],{"class":89},[71,43693,12758],{"class":127},[71,43695,90],{"class":89},[71,43697,30864],{"class":133},[71,43699,204],{"class":89},[20,43701,43702,43703,43706,43707,43709],{},"In this example, ",[15,43704,43705],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43708,43619],{}," values match.",[43711,43712,43713],"blockquote",{},[20,43714,283,43715,43717,43718,43720],{},[15,43716,43619],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43719,5025],{}," for value comparison.",[288,43722,291,43724,294],{"id":43723},"what-id-does",[15,43725,43619],{},[20,43727,43728,43731],{},[15,43729,43730],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43733,13162],{},[40,43735,43736,43739,43746,43749],{},[43,43737,43738],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[43,43740,43741,43742,43745],{},"It shows ",[30,43743,43744],{},"object identity",", not object value",[43,43747,43748],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[43,43750,43751],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43753,43754,43755,43759],{},"This is closely related to how ",[56,43756,43758],{"href":43757},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[288,43761,343],{"id":342},[20,43763,5770],{},[62,43765,43767],{"className":64,"code":43766,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"id(object)\n",[15,43768,43769],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43770,43771,43773,43775,43777],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43772,12758],{"class":127},[71,43774,90],{"class":89},[71,43776,42529],{"class":85},[71,43778,121],{"class":89},[20,43780,43781],{},"Important details:",[40,43783,43784,43787,43790],{},[43,43785,43786],{},"It takes one argument",[43,43788,43789],{},"It returns an integer",[43,43791,43792],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43794,2537],{},[62,43796,43798],{"className":64,"code":43797,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43799,43800,43812,43820,43840,43844,43858,43872],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43801,43802,43804,43806,43808,43810],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43803,34811],{"class":77},[71,43805,82],{"class":81},[71,43807,3683],{"class":99},[71,43809,4177],{"class":103},[71,43811,3689],{"class":99},[71,43813,43814,43816,43818],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,43815,2547],{"class":77},[71,43817,82],{"class":81},[71,43819,3100],{"class":117},[71,43821,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836,43838],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,43823,1735],{"class":77},[71,43825,82],{"class":81},[71,43827,1740],{"class":89},[71,43829,3320],{"class":117},[71,43831,109],{"class":89},[71,43833,183],{"class":117},[71,43835,109],{"class":89},[71,43837,701],{"class":117},[71,43839,1757],{"class":89},[71,43841,43842],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,43843,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,43845,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,43847,128],{"class":127},[71,43849,90],{"class":89},[71,43851,12758],{"class":127},[71,43853,90],{"class":89},[71,43855,34832],{"class":133},[71,43857,204],{"class":89},[71,43859,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,43861,128],{"class":127},[71,43863,90],{"class":89},[71,43865,12758],{"class":127},[71,43867,90],{"class":89},[71,43869,2569],{"class":133},[71,43871,204],{"class":89},[71,43873,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882,43884],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,43875,128],{"class":127},[71,43877,90],{"class":89},[71,43879,12758],{"class":127},[71,43881,90],{"class":89},[71,43883,1770],{"class":133},[71,43885,204],{"class":89},[20,43887,43888],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[288,43890,43892],{"id":43891},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43894,43895,43896,60],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43897,43619],{},[40,43899,43900,43907,43914],{},[43,43901,43902,43904,43905],{},[15,43903,5025],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[30,43906,2804],{},[43,43908,43909,43911,43912],{},[15,43910,12302],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[30,43913,42529],{},[43,43915,43916,43918],{},[15,43917,43619],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43920,2537],{},[62,43922,43924],{"className":64,"code":43923,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43925,43926,43946,43966,43970,43987,44004,44018],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,43927,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936,43938,43940,43942,43944],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,43929,2886],{"class":77},[71,43931,82],{"class":81},[71,43933,1740],{"class":89},[71,43935,3320],{"class":117},[71,43937,109],{"class":89},[71,43939,183],{"class":117},[71,43941,109],{"class":89},[71,43943,701],{"class":117},[71,43945,1757],{"class":89},[71,43947,43948,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43964],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,43949,2913],{"class":77},[71,43951,82],{"class":81},[71,43953,1740],{"class":89},[71,43955,3320],{"class":117},[71,43957,109],{"class":89},[71,43959,183],{"class":117},[71,43961,109],{"class":89},[71,43963,701],{"class":117},[71,43965,1757],{"class":89},[71,43967,43968],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,43969,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,43971,43972,43974,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,43973,128],{"class":127},[71,43975,90],{"class":89},[71,43977,2886],{"class":133},[71,43979,5025],{"class":81},[71,43981,625],{"class":133},[71,43983,3993],{"class":89},[71,43985,43986],{"class":1439},"   # True\n",[71,43988,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999,44001],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,43990,128],{"class":127},[71,43992,90],{"class":89},[71,43994,2886],{"class":133},[71,43996,12302],{"class":4209},[71,43998,625],{"class":133},[71,44000,3993],{"class":89},[71,44002,44003],{"class":1439},"   # False\n",[71,44005,44006,44008,44010,44012,44014,44016],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,44007,128],{"class":127},[71,44009,90],{"class":89},[71,44011,12758],{"class":127},[71,44013,90],{"class":89},[71,44015,56],{"class":133},[71,44017,204],{"class":89},[71,44019,44020,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,44021,128],{"class":127},[71,44023,90],{"class":89},[71,44025,12758],{"class":127},[71,44027,90],{"class":89},[71,44029,176],{"class":133},[71,44031,204],{"class":89},[20,44033,2507],{},[40,44035,44036,44044,44052],{},[43,44037,44038,5120,44041,44043],{},[15,44039,44040],{},"a == b",[15,44042,3935],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[43,44045,44046,5120,44049,44051],{},[15,44047,44048],{},"a is b",[15,44050,4006],{}," because they are different list objects",[43,44053,44054,1560,44057,44060],{},[15,44055,44056],{},"id(a)",[15,44058,44059],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44062,44063,44064,1560,44068,60],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[56,44065,44067],{"href":44066},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[56,44069,44071],{"href":44070},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[288,44073,44075],{"id":44074},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44077,44078],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[62,44080,44082],{"className":64,"code":44081,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44083,44084,44104,44114,44118,44132,44147],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44085,44086,44088,44090,44092,44094,44096,44098,44100,44102],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44087,3950],{"class":77},[71,44089,82],{"class":81},[71,44091,1740],{"class":89},[71,44093,2661],{"class":117},[71,44095,109],{"class":89},[71,44097,8129],{"class":117},[71,44099,109],{"class":89},[71,44101,8134],{"class":117},[71,44103,1757],{"class":89},[71,44105,44106,44109,44111],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,44107,44108],{"class":77},"other_numbers ",[71,44110,82],{"class":81},[71,44112,44113],{"class":77}," numbers\n",[71,44115,44116],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,44117,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,44119,44120,44122,44124,44126,44128,44130],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,44121,128],{"class":127},[71,44123,90],{"class":89},[71,44125,12758],{"class":127},[71,44127,90],{"class":89},[71,44129,3980],{"class":133},[71,44131,204],{"class":89},[71,44133,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142,44145],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,44135,128],{"class":127},[71,44137,90],{"class":89},[71,44139,12758],{"class":127},[71,44141,90],{"class":89},[71,44143,44144],{"class":133},"other_numbers",[71,44146,204],{"class":89},[71,44148,44149,44151,44153,44155,44157,44160],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,44150,128],{"class":127},[71,44152,90],{"class":89},[71,44154,3950],{"class":133},[71,44156,12302],{"class":4209},[71,44158,44159],{"class":133}," other_numbers",[71,44161,121],{"class":89},[20,44163,5895],{},[62,44165,44166],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,44167,44168],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44169,44170],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44171,4314],{"class":4184},[20,44173,44174,44175,44177],{},"The two ",[15,44176,43619],{}," values will also match.",[20,44179,22306,44180,44183],{},[15,44181,44182],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[288,44185,44187],{"id":44186},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44189,44190],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[62,44192,44194],{"className":64,"code":44193,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44195,44196,44217,44238,44242,44257,44271,44286],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44197,44198,44201,44203,44205,44207,44209,44211,44213,44215],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44199,44200],{"class":77},"list_a ",[71,44202,82],{"class":81},[71,44204,1740],{"class":89},[71,44206,3320],{"class":117},[71,44208,109],{"class":89},[71,44210,183],{"class":117},[71,44212,109],{"class":89},[71,44214,701],{"class":117},[71,44216,1757],{"class":89},[71,44218,44219,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232,44234,44236],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,44220,44221],{"class":77},"list_b ",[71,44223,82],{"class":81},[71,44225,1740],{"class":89},[71,44227,3320],{"class":117},[71,44229,109],{"class":89},[71,44231,183],{"class":117},[71,44233,109],{"class":89},[71,44235,701],{"class":117},[71,44237,1757],{"class":89},[71,44239,44240],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,44241,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,44243,44244,44246,44248,44250,44252,44255],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,44245,128],{"class":127},[71,44247,90],{"class":89},[71,44249,44200],{"class":133},[71,44251,5025],{"class":81},[71,44253,44254],{"class":133}," list_b",[71,44256,121],{"class":89},[71,44258,44259,44261,44263,44265,44267,44269],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,44260,128],{"class":127},[71,44262,90],{"class":89},[71,44264,44200],{"class":133},[71,44266,12302],{"class":4209},[71,44268,44254],{"class":133},[71,44270,121],{"class":89},[71,44272,44273,44275,44277,44279,44281,44284],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,44274,128],{"class":127},[71,44276,90],{"class":89},[71,44278,12758],{"class":127},[71,44280,90],{"class":89},[71,44282,44283],{"class":133},"list_a",[71,44285,204],{"class":89},[71,44287,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296,44299],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,44289,128],{"class":127},[71,44291,90],{"class":89},[71,44293,12758],{"class":127},[71,44295,90],{"class":89},[71,44297,44298],{"class":133},"list_b",[71,44300,204],{"class":89},[20,44302,5895],{},[62,44304,44306],{"className":64,"code":44305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44307,44308,44312],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44309,44310],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44311,4314],{"class":4184},[71,44313,44314],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,44315,4375],{"class":4184},[20,44317,44318],{},"What this means:",[40,44320,44321,44324,44327],{},[43,44322,44323],{},"The lists are equal in value",[43,44325,44326],{},"They are not the same object",[43,44328,44329,44330,44332],{},"Their ",[15,44331,43619],{}," values are usually different",[20,44334,44335,44336,44338,44339,60],{},"This is why ",[15,44337,43619],{}," should not replace ",[15,44340,5025],{},[288,44342,44344,44345,44347],{"id":44343},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44346,43619],{}," is useful",[20,44349,44350,44352],{},[15,44351,43619],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[40,44354,44355,44358,44361,44364],{},[43,44356,44357],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[43,44359,44360],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[43,44362,44363],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[43,44365,44366],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44368,44369,44370,44372],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44371,43619],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[62,44374,44376],{"className":64,"code":44375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44377,44378,44402,44411,44415,44434,44438,44448,44458,44472],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44379,44380,44382,44384,44386,44388,44390,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44381,12194],{"class":77},[71,44383,82],{"class":81},[71,44385,1740],{"class":89},[71,44387,3184],{"class":99},[71,44389,56],{"class":103},[71,44391,3184],{"class":99},[71,44393,109],{"class":89},[71,44395,3683],{"class":99},[71,44397,176],{"class":103},[71,44399,3184],{"class":99},[71,44401,1757],{"class":89},[71,44403,44404,44407,44409],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,44405,44406],{"class":77},"copy_ref ",[71,44408,82],{"class":81},[71,44410,12232],{"class":77},[71,44412,44413],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,44414,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,44416,44417,44420,44422,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,44418,44419],{"class":77},"copy_ref",[71,44421,60],{"class":89},[71,44423,13664],{"class":133},[71,44425,90],{"class":89},[71,44427,3184],{"class":99},[71,44429,694],{"class":103},[71,44431,3184],{"class":99},[71,44433,121],{"class":89},[71,44435,44436],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,44437,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,44439,44440,44442,44444,44446],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,44441,128],{"class":127},[71,44443,90],{"class":89},[71,44445,12241],{"class":133},[71,44447,121],{"class":89},[71,44449,44450,44452,44454,44456],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,44451,128],{"class":127},[71,44453,90],{"class":89},[71,44455,44419],{"class":133},[71,44457,121],{"class":89},[71,44459,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468,44470],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,44461,128],{"class":127},[71,44463,90],{"class":89},[71,44465,12758],{"class":127},[71,44467,90],{"class":89},[71,44469,12241],{"class":133},[71,44471,204],{"class":89},[71,44473,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,44475,128],{"class":127},[71,44477,90],{"class":89},[71,44479,12758],{"class":127},[71,44481,90],{"class":89},[71,44483,44419],{"class":133},[71,44485,204],{"class":89},[20,44487,5895],{},[62,44489,44491],{"className":64,"code":44490,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44492,44493,44521],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44494,44495,44497,44499,44501,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511,44513,44515,44517,44519],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44496,4234],{"class":89},[71,44498,100],{"class":99},[71,44500,56],{"class":103},[71,44502,100],{"class":99},[71,44504,109],{"class":89},[71,44506,231],{"class":99},[71,44508,176],{"class":103},[71,44510,100],{"class":99},[71,44512,109],{"class":89},[71,44514,231],{"class":99},[71,44516,694],{"class":103},[71,44518,100],{"class":99},[71,44520,1757],{"class":89},[71,44522,44523,44525,44527,44529,44531,44533,44535,44537,44539,44541,44543,44545,44547],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,44524,4234],{"class":89},[71,44526,100],{"class":99},[71,44528,56],{"class":103},[71,44530,100],{"class":99},[71,44532,109],{"class":89},[71,44534,231],{"class":99},[71,44536,176],{"class":103},[71,44538,100],{"class":99},[71,44540,109],{"class":89},[71,44542,231],{"class":99},[71,44544,694],{"class":103},[71,44546,100],{"class":99},[71,44548,1757],{"class":89},[20,44550,44551],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[288,44553,44555,44556],{"id":44554},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44557,43619],{},[20,44559,44560,44561,44563],{},"Do not use ",[15,44562,43619],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44565,44566],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[40,44568,44569,44575,44581,44584],{},[43,44570,44571,44572,44574],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44573,5025],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[43,44576,44577,44578,44580],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44579,43619],{}," values across program runs",[43,44582,44583],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[43,44585,44586,44587],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44588,43619],{},[20,44590,44591],{},"Bad example:",[62,44593,44595],{"className":64,"code":44594,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44596,44597,44609,44621,44625,44647],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44598,44599,44601,44603,44605,44607],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44600,2886],{"class":77},[71,44602,82],{"class":81},[71,44604,3683],{"class":99},[71,44606,37174],{"class":103},[71,44608,3689],{"class":99},[71,44610,44611,44613,44615,44617,44619],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,44612,2913],{"class":77},[71,44614,82],{"class":81},[71,44616,3683],{"class":99},[71,44618,37174],{"class":103},[71,44620,3689],{"class":99},[71,44622,44623],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,44624,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,44626,44627,44629,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639,44641,44643,44645],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,44628,7337],{"class":4209},[71,44630,14928],{"class":127},[71,44632,90],{"class":89},[71,44634,56],{"class":133},[71,44636,3993],{"class":89},[71,44638,6746],{"class":81},[71,44640,14928],{"class":127},[71,44642,90],{"class":89},[71,44644,176],{"class":133},[71,44646,8682],{"class":89},[71,44648,44649,44651,44653,44655,44658,44660],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,44650,8408],{"class":127},[71,44652,90],{"class":89},[71,44654,3184],{"class":99},[71,44656,44657],{"class":103},"The values are equal",[71,44659,3184],{"class":99},[71,44661,121],{"class":89},[20,44663,44664],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[62,44666,44668],{"className":64,"code":44667,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44669,44670,44683],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44671,44672,44674,44677,44679,44681],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44673,7337],{"class":4209},[71,44675,44676],{"class":77}," a ",[71,44678,5025],{"class":81},[71,44680,625],{"class":77},[71,44682,6731],{"class":89},[71,44684,44685,44687,44689,44691,44693,44695],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,44686,8408],{"class":127},[71,44688,90],{"class":89},[71,44690,3184],{"class":99},[71,44692,44657],{"class":103},[71,44694,3184],{"class":99},[71,44696,121],{"class":89},[20,44698,283,44699,3209,44701,44703],{},[15,44700,12302],{},[15,44702,43619],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[288,44705,20917],{"id":20916},[20,44707,44708],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[40,44710,44711,44714,44717,44722],{},[43,44712,44713],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[43,44715,44716],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[43,44718,44719,44720],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44721,43619],{},[43,44723,44724,44725],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44726,43619],{},[20,44728,44729],{},"The important rule is:",[40,44731,44732,44737],{},[43,44733,283,44734,44736],{},[15,44735,5025],{}," to check value",[43,44738,283,44739,44741],{},[15,44740,12302],{}," to check identity",[20,44743,44744,44745,44747],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44746,43619],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[288,44749,2054],{"id":2053},[20,44751,44752,44753,228],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44754,43619],{},[40,44756,44757,44765,44768,44771,44776],{},[43,44758,8758,44759,44761,44762,44764],{},[15,44760,43619],{}," when ",[15,44763,5025],{}," should be used",[43,44766,44767],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[43,44769,44770],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[43,44772,44773,44774],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44775,43619],{},[43,44777,8758,44778,44780],{},[15,44779,43619],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44782,44783],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[62,44785,44787],{"className":64,"code":44786,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44788,44789,44804,44818,44832,44846],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,44790,44791,44793,44795,44797,44799,44802],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,44792,128],{"class":127},[71,44794,90],{"class":89},[71,44796,12758],{"class":127},[71,44798,90],{"class":89},[71,44800,44801],{"class":133},"my_object",[71,44803,204],{"class":89},[71,44805,44806,44808,44810,44812,44814,44816],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,44807,128],{"class":127},[71,44809,90],{"class":89},[71,44811,2886],{"class":133},[71,44813,5025],{"class":81},[71,44815,625],{"class":133},[71,44817,121],{"class":89},[71,44819,44820,44822,44824,44826,44828,44830],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,44821,128],{"class":127},[71,44823,90],{"class":89},[71,44825,2886],{"class":133},[71,44827,12302],{"class":4209},[71,44829,625],{"class":133},[71,44831,121],{"class":89},[71,44833,44834,44836,44838,44840,44842,44844],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,44835,128],{"class":127},[71,44837,90],{"class":89},[71,44839,735],{"class":85},[71,44841,90],{"class":89},[71,44843,44801],{"class":133},[71,44845,204],{"class":89},[71,44847,44848,44850,44852,44854],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,44849,32274],{"class":127},[71,44851,90],{"class":89},[71,44853,12758],{"class":127},[71,44855,121],{"class":89},[288,44857,2163],{"id":2162},[350,44859,44861,44862,12825],{"id":44860},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44863,43619],{},[20,44865,44866],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[350,44868,15015,44870,44872],{"id":44869},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44871,43619],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44874,44875],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[350,44877,21537,44879,44881],{"id":44878},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44880,43619],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44883,30391,44884,44886,44887,3209,44889,44891],{},[15,44885,5025],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44888,43619],{},[15,44890,12302],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[350,44893,44895,44896,2172],{"id":44894},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44897,43619],{},[20,44899,44900],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[350,44902,44904,44905,44907],{"id":44903},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44906,43619],{}," values?",[20,44909,44910],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[288,44912,2221],{"id":2220},[40,44914,44915,44920,44925,44930,44938],{},[43,44916,44917],{},[56,44918,44919],{"href":43757},"Python variables explained for beginners",[43,44921,44922],{},[56,44923,44924],{"href":44066},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[43,44926,44927],{},[56,44928,44929],{"href":44070},"Python data types overview",[43,44931,44932],{},[56,44933,13,44935,3841],{"href":44934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44936,44937],{},"isinstance()",[43,44939,44940],{},[56,44941,44943],{"href":44942},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2250,44945,44946],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":44948},[44949,44951,44952,44953,44954,44955,44957,44959,44960,44961,44973],{"id":43723,"depth":124,"text":44950},"What id() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":43891,"depth":124,"text":43892},{"id":44074,"depth":124,"text":44075},{"id":44186,"depth":124,"text":44187},{"id":44343,"depth":124,"text":44956},"When id() is useful",{"id":44554,"depth":124,"text":44958},"When not to use id()",{"id":20916,"depth":124,"text":20917},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":44962},[44963,44965,44967,44969,44971],{"id":44860,"depth":139,"text":44964},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44869,"depth":139,"text":44966},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44878,"depth":139,"text":44968},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44894,"depth":139,"text":44970},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44903,"depth":139,"text":44972},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43611,"description":44974},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44981,"title":42324,"body":44982,"description":46622,"extension":2292,"meta":46623,"navigation":142,"path":46624,"seo":46625,"stem":46626,"__hash__":46627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44983,"toc":46588},[44984,44989,44994,44997,44999,45042,45047,45050,45055,45060,45063,45079,45081,45125,45127,45154,45156,45171,45173,45175,45177,45193,45195,45207,45210,45244,45247,45272,45277,45279,45284,45288,45291,45293,45341,45343,45376,45382,45393,45395,45447,45449,45480,45482,45486,45490,45533,45539,45545,45597,45605,45610,45614,45705,45707,45740,45743,45745,45805,45807,45833,45843,45845,45849,45854,45859,45861,45898,45900,45919,45922,45926,45929,45985,45997,46006,46008,46035,46043,46050,46054,46057,46094,46097,46103,46140,46142,46146,46152,46170,46175,46223,46227,46316,46319,46326,46328,46330,46335,46353,46355,46398,46404,46421,46423,46485,46487,46489,46495,46503,46509,46515,46524,46534,46538,46546,46548,46550,46585],[10,44985,13,44987,18],{"id":44986},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44988,3289],{},[20,44990,2309,44991,44993],{},[15,44992,3289],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44995,44996],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[288,44998,2334],{"id":2333},[62,45000,45002],{"className":64,"code":45001,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45003,45004,45023],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45005,45006,45008,45010,45012,45014,45016,45019,45021],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45007,8215],{"class":77},[71,45009,82],{"class":81},[71,45011,8582],{"class":127},[71,45013,90],{"class":89},[71,45015,3184],{"class":99},[71,45017,45018],{"class":103},"Enter your name: ",[71,45020,3184],{"class":99},[71,45022,121],{"class":89},[71,45024,45025,45027,45029,45031,45034,45036,45038,45040],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45026,128],{"class":127},[71,45028,90],{"class":89},[71,45030,3184],{"class":99},[71,45032,45033],{"class":103},"Hello, ",[71,45035,3184],{"class":99},[71,45037,2785],{"class":81},[71,45039,36117],{"class":133},[71,45041,121],{"class":89},[20,45043,283,45044,45046],{},[15,45045,3289],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45048,45049],"hr",{},[288,45051,291,45053,294],{"id":45052},"what-input-does",[15,45054,3289],{},[20,45056,45057,45059],{},[15,45058,3289],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45061,45062],{},"Here is what happens:",[40,45064,45065,45070,45073,45076],{},[43,45066,45067,45069],{},[15,45068,3289],{}," waits for the user to type",[43,45071,45072],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[43,45074,45075],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[43,45077,45078],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45080,2537],{},[62,45082,45084],{"className":64,"code":45083,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45085,45086,45106],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45087,45088,45091,45093,45095,45097,45099,45102,45104],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45089,45090],{"class":77},"color ",[71,45092,82],{"class":81},[71,45094,8582],{"class":127},[71,45096,90],{"class":89},[71,45098,3184],{"class":99},[71,45100,45101],{"class":103},"What is your favorite color? ",[71,45103,3184],{"class":99},[71,45105,121],{"class":89},[71,45107,45108,45110,45112,45114,45117,45119,45121,45123],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45109,128],{"class":127},[71,45111,90],{"class":89},[71,45113,3184],{"class":99},[71,45115,45116],{"class":103},"Your favorite color is",[71,45118,3184],{"class":99},[71,45120,109],{"class":89},[71,45122,35976],{"class":133},[71,45124,121],{"class":89},[20,45126,30150],{},[62,45128,45130],{"className":64,"code":45129,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45131,45132,45145],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45133,45134,45136,45138,45141,45143],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45135,291],{"class":77},[71,45137,12302],{"class":81},[71,45139,45140],{"class":77}," your favorite color",[71,45142,2172],{"class":37494},[71,45144,36006],{"class":77},[71,45146,45147,45150,45152],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45148,45149],{"class":77},"Your favorite color ",[71,45151,12302],{"class":81},[71,45153,36006],{"class":77},[20,45155,20073],{},[40,45157,45158,45163,45168],{},[43,45159,45160,45161],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45162,45101],{},[43,45164,45165,45166],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45167,33013],{},[43,45169,45170],{},"That value is then printed",[45048,45172],{},[288,45174,343],{"id":342},[20,45176,7558],{},[62,45178,45180],{"className":64,"code":45179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45181,45182],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45183,45184,45186,45188,45191],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45185,42593],{"class":127},[71,45187,90],{"class":89},[71,45189,45190],{"class":133},"prompt",[71,45192,121],{"class":89},[20,45194,11565],{},[40,45196,45197,45201,45204],{},[43,45198,2309,45199,20155],{},[15,45200,45190],{},[43,45202,45203],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[43,45205,45206],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45208,45209],{},"Example with a prompt:",[62,45211,45213],{"className":64,"code":45212,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45214,45215,45234],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45216,45217,45219,45221,45223,45225,45227,45230,45232],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45218,8300],{"class":77},[71,45220,82],{"class":81},[71,45222,8582],{"class":127},[71,45224,90],{"class":89},[71,45226,3184],{"class":99},[71,45228,45229],{"class":103},"Enter your username: ",[71,45231,3184],{"class":99},[71,45233,121],{"class":89},[71,45235,45236,45238,45240,45242],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45237,128],{"class":127},[71,45239,90],{"class":89},[71,45241,8324],{"class":133},[71,45243,121],{"class":89},[20,45245,45246],{},"Example without a prompt:",[62,45248,45250],{"className":64,"code":45249,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45251,45252,45262],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45253,45254,45256,45258,45260],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45255,2778],{"class":77},[71,45257,82],{"class":81},[71,45259,8582],{"class":127},[71,45261,369],{"class":89},[71,45263,45264,45266,45268,45270],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45265,128],{"class":127},[71,45267,90],{"class":89},[71,45269,2804],{"class":133},[71,45271,121],{"class":89},[20,45273,8102,45274,45276],{},[15,45275,3289],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45048,45278],{},[288,45280,291,45282,11813],{"id":45281},"what-input-returns",[15,45283,3289],{},[20,45285,45286,8565],{},[15,45287,3289],{},[20,45289,45290],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45292,2537],{},[62,45294,45296],{"className":64,"code":45295,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45297,45298,45317,45327],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45299,45300,45302,45304,45306,45308,45310,45313,45315],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45301,21745],{"class":77},[71,45303,82],{"class":81},[71,45305,8582],{"class":127},[71,45307,90],{"class":89},[71,45309,3184],{"class":99},[71,45311,45312],{"class":103},"Enter your age: ",[71,45314,3184],{"class":99},[71,45316,121],{"class":89},[71,45318,45319,45321,45323,45325],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45320,128],{"class":127},[71,45322,90],{"class":89},[71,45324,242],{"class":133},[71,45326,121],{"class":89},[71,45328,45329,45331,45333,45335,45337,45339],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45330,128],{"class":127},[71,45332,90],{"class":89},[71,45334,735],{"class":85},[71,45336,90],{"class":89},[71,45338,242],{"class":133},[71,45340,204],{"class":89},[20,45342,30150],{},[62,45344,45346],{"className":64,"code":45345,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45347,45348,45358,45362],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45349,45350,45353,45355],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45351,45352],{"class":77},"Enter your age",[71,45354,228],{"class":89},[71,45356,45357],{"class":117}," 25\n",[71,45359,45360],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45361,3040],{"class":117},[71,45363,45364,45366,45368,45370,45372,45374],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45365,765],{"class":81},[71,45367,769],{"class":768},[71,45369,231],{"class":99},[71,45371,3775],{"class":103},[71,45373,100],{"class":99},[71,45375,778],{"class":81},[20,45377,45378,45379,45381],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45380,118],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45383,45384,45385,3209,45389,60],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[56,45386,45387],{"href":3205},[15,45388,3208],{},[56,45390,45391],{"href":3212},[15,45392,3215],{},[20,45394,2537],{},[62,45396,45398],{"className":64,"code":45397,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45399,45400,45423,45433],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45401,45402,45404,45406,45409,45411,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45403,21745],{"class":77},[71,45405,82],{"class":81},[71,45407,45408],{"class":85}," int",[71,45410,90],{"class":89},[71,45412,42593],{"class":127},[71,45414,90],{"class":89},[71,45416,3184],{"class":99},[71,45418,45312],{"class":103},[71,45420,3184],{"class":99},[71,45422,204],{"class":89},[71,45424,45425,45427,45429,45431],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45426,128],{"class":127},[71,45428,90],{"class":89},[71,45430,242],{"class":133},[71,45432,121],{"class":89},[71,45434,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443,45445],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45436,128],{"class":127},[71,45438,90],{"class":89},[71,45440,735],{"class":85},[71,45442,90],{"class":89},[71,45444,242],{"class":133},[71,45446,204],{"class":89},[20,45448,30150],{},[62,45450,45452],{"className":64,"code":45451,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45453,45454,45462,45466],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45455,45456,45458,45460],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45457,45352],{"class":77},[71,45459,228],{"class":89},[71,45461,45357],{"class":117},[71,45463,45464],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45465,3040],{"class":117},[71,45467,45468,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45469,765],{"class":81},[71,45471,769],{"class":768},[71,45473,231],{"class":99},[71,45475,2517],{"class":103},[71,45477,100],{"class":99},[71,45479,778],{"class":81},[45048,45481],{},[288,45483,45485],{"id":45484},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[350,45487,45489],{"id":45488},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[62,45491,45493],{"className":64,"code":45492,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45494,45495,45514],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45496,45497,45499,45501,45503,45505,45507,45510,45512],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45498,8215],{"class":77},[71,45500,82],{"class":81},[71,45502,8582],{"class":127},[71,45504,90],{"class":89},[71,45506,3184],{"class":99},[71,45508,45509],{"class":103},"What is your name? ",[71,45511,3184],{"class":99},[71,45513,121],{"class":89},[71,45515,45516,45518,45520,45522,45525,45527,45529,45531],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45517,128],{"class":127},[71,45519,90],{"class":89},[71,45521,3184],{"class":99},[71,45523,45524],{"class":103},"Hello,",[71,45526,3184],{"class":99},[71,45528,109],{"class":89},[71,45530,36117],{"class":133},[71,45532,121],{"class":89},[20,45534,45535,45536,45538],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45537,94],{}," and prints it.",[350,45540,45542,45543],{"id":45541},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45544,3208],{},[62,45546,45548],{"className":64,"code":45547,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45549,45550,45573],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45551,45552,45554,45556,45558,45560,45562,45564,45566,45569,45571],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45553,21745],{"class":77},[71,45555,82],{"class":81},[71,45557,45408],{"class":85},[71,45559,90],{"class":89},[71,45561,42593],{"class":127},[71,45563,90],{"class":89},[71,45565,3184],{"class":99},[71,45567,45568],{"class":103},"How old are you? ",[71,45570,3184],{"class":99},[71,45572,204],{"class":89},[71,45574,45575,45577,45579,45581,45584,45586,45588,45591,45593,45595],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45576,128],{"class":127},[71,45578,90],{"class":89},[71,45580,3184],{"class":99},[71,45582,45583],{"class":103},"Next year you will be",[71,45585,3184],{"class":99},[71,45587,109],{"class":89},[71,45589,45590],{"class":133}," age ",[71,45592,2390],{"class":81},[71,45594,165],{"class":117},[71,45596,121],{"class":89},[20,45598,6397,45599,45601,45602,45604],{},[15,45600,3208],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45603,3289],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45606,45607,45608,60],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[56,45609,9322],{"href":9321},[350,45611,45613],{"id":45612},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[62,45615,45617],{"className":64,"code":45616,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45618,45619,45643,45667,45681,45685],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45620,45621,45624,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634,45636,45639,45641],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45622,45623],{"class":77},"num1 ",[71,45625,82],{"class":81},[71,45627,45408],{"class":85},[71,45629,90],{"class":89},[71,45631,42593],{"class":127},[71,45633,90],{"class":89},[71,45635,3184],{"class":99},[71,45637,45638],{"class":103},"Enter the first number: ",[71,45640,3184],{"class":99},[71,45642,204],{"class":89},[71,45644,45645,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45660,45663,45665],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45646,45647],{"class":77},"num2 ",[71,45649,82],{"class":81},[71,45651,45408],{"class":85},[71,45653,90],{"class":89},[71,45655,42593],{"class":127},[71,45657,90],{"class":89},[71,45659,3184],{"class":99},[71,45661,45662],{"class":103},"Enter the second number: ",[71,45664,3184],{"class":99},[71,45666,204],{"class":89},[71,45668,45669,45671,45673,45676,45678],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45670,41312],{"class":77},[71,45672,82],{"class":81},[71,45674,45675],{"class":77}," num1 ",[71,45677,2390],{"class":81},[71,45679,45680],{"class":77}," num2\n",[71,45682,45683],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,45684,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,45686,45687,45689,45691,45693,45696,45698,45700,45703],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,45688,128],{"class":127},[71,45690,90],{"class":89},[71,45692,3184],{"class":99},[71,45694,45695],{"class":103},"Total:",[71,45697,3184],{"class":99},[71,45699,109],{"class":89},[71,45701,45702],{"class":133}," total",[71,45704,121],{"class":89},[20,45706,30150],{},[62,45708,45710],{"className":64,"code":45709,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45711,45712,45722,45731],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45713,45714,45717,45719],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45715,45716],{"class":77},"Enter the first number",[71,45718,228],{"class":89},[71,45720,45721],{"class":117}," 2\n",[71,45723,45724,45727,45729],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45725,45726],{"class":77},"Enter the second number",[71,45728,228],{"class":89},[71,45730,2908],{"class":117},[71,45732,45733,45736,45738],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45734,45735],{"class":77},"Total",[71,45737,228],{"class":89},[71,45739,34966],{"class":117},[20,45741,45742],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45744,2537],{},[62,45746,45748],{"className":64,"code":45747,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45749,45750,45768,45786,45790],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45751,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764,45766],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45753,45623],{"class":77},[71,45755,82],{"class":81},[71,45757,8582],{"class":127},[71,45759,90],{"class":89},[71,45761,3184],{"class":99},[71,45763,45638],{"class":103},[71,45765,3184],{"class":99},[71,45767,121],{"class":89},[71,45769,45770,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45771,45647],{"class":77},[71,45773,82],{"class":81},[71,45775,8582],{"class":127},[71,45777,90],{"class":89},[71,45779,3184],{"class":99},[71,45781,45662],{"class":103},[71,45783,3184],{"class":99},[71,45785,121],{"class":89},[71,45787,45788],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45789,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,45791,45792,45794,45796,45798,45800,45803],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,45793,128],{"class":127},[71,45795,90],{"class":89},[71,45797,45623],{"class":133},[71,45799,2390],{"class":81},[71,45801,45802],{"class":133}," num2",[71,45804,121],{"class":89},[20,45806,30150],{},[62,45808,45810],{"className":64,"code":45809,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45811,45812,45820,45828],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45813,45814,45816,45818],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45815,45716],{"class":77},[71,45817,228],{"class":89},[71,45819,45721],{"class":117},[71,45821,45822,45824,45826],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45823,45726],{"class":77},[71,45825,228],{"class":89},[71,45827,2908],{"class":117},[71,45829,45830],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45831,45832],{"class":117},"23\n",[20,45834,45835,45836,45839,45840,60],{},"That happens because ",[15,45837,45838],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45841,45842],{},"\"23\"",[45048,45844],{},[288,45846,45848],{"id":45847},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45850,45851,45852,60],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45853,3289],{},[350,45855,5041,45857,41672],{"id":45856},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45858,3289],{},[20,45860,39327],{},[62,45862,45864],{"className":64,"code":45863,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45865,45866,45884],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45867,45868,45870,45872,45874,45876,45878,45880,45882],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45869,2778],{"class":77},[71,45871,82],{"class":81},[71,45873,8582],{"class":127},[71,45875,90],{"class":89},[71,45877,3184],{"class":99},[71,45879,42001],{"class":103},[71,45881,3184],{"class":99},[71,45883,121],{"class":89},[71,45885,45886,45888,45890,45892,45894,45896],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45887,128],{"class":127},[71,45889,90],{"class":89},[71,45891,735],{"class":85},[71,45893,90],{"class":89},[71,45895,2804],{"class":133},[71,45897,204],{"class":89},[20,45899,209],{},[62,45901,45903],{"className":64,"code":45902,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45904,45905],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45906,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45908,765],{"class":81},[71,45910,769],{"class":768},[71,45912,231],{"class":99},[71,45914,3775],{"class":103},[71,45916,100],{"class":99},[71,45918,778],{"class":81},[20,45920,45921],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[350,45923,45925],{"id":45924},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45927,45928],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[62,45930,45932],{"className":64,"code":45931,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45933,45934,45952,45971],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,45935,45936,45938,45940,45942,45944,45946,45948,45950],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,45937,2886],{"class":77},[71,45939,82],{"class":81},[71,45941,8582],{"class":127},[71,45943,90],{"class":89},[71,45945,3184],{"class":99},[71,45947,42001],{"class":103},[71,45949,3184],{"class":99},[71,45951,121],{"class":89},[71,45953,45954,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45967,45969],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,45955,2913],{"class":77},[71,45957,82],{"class":81},[71,45959,8582],{"class":127},[71,45961,90],{"class":89},[71,45963,3184],{"class":99},[71,45965,45966],{"class":103},"Enter another number: ",[71,45968,3184],{"class":99},[71,45970,121],{"class":89},[71,45972,45973,45975,45977,45979,45981,45983],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,45974,128],{"class":127},[71,45976,90],{"class":89},[71,45978,2886],{"class":133},[71,45980,2390],{"class":81},[71,45982,625],{"class":133},[71,45984,121],{"class":89},[20,45986,41250,45987,1560,45989,45991,45992,19079,45995,60],{},[15,45988,2836],{},[15,45990,2466],{},", the result is ",[15,45993,45994],{},"45",[15,45996,2474],{},[350,45998,46000,46001,46003,46004],{"id":45999},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46002,40833],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46005,3208],{},[20,46007,2537],{},[62,46009,46011],{"className":64,"code":46010,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46012,46013],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46014,46015,46017,46019,46021,46023,46025,46027,46029,46031,46033],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46016,21745],{"class":77},[71,46018,82],{"class":81},[71,46020,45408],{"class":85},[71,46022,90],{"class":89},[71,46024,42593],{"class":127},[71,46026,90],{"class":89},[71,46028,3184],{"class":99},[71,46030,45312],{"class":103},[71,46032,3184],{"class":99},[71,46034,204],{"class":89},[20,46036,8611,46037,46040,46041,60],{},[15,46038,46039],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46042,40833],{},[20,46044,46045,46046,60],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[56,46047,46049],{"href":46048},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[350,46051,46053],{"id":46052},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46055,46056],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[62,46058,46060],{"className":64,"code":46059,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46061,46062,46080],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46063,46064,46066,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46065,8215],{"class":77},[71,46067,82],{"class":81},[71,46069,8582],{"class":127},[71,46071,90],{"class":89},[71,46073,3184],{"class":99},[71,46075,45018],{"class":103},[71,46077,3184],{"class":99},[71,46079,121],{"class":89},[71,46081,46082,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46083,128],{"class":127},[71,46085,90],{"class":89},[71,46087,41909],{"class":127},[71,46089,90],{"class":89},[71,46091,94],{"class":133},[71,46093,204],{"class":89},[20,46095,46096],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46098,46099,46100,228],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46101,46102],{},".strip()",[62,46104,46106],{"className":64,"code":46105,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46107,46108,46130],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46109,46110,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122,46124,46126,46128],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46111,8215],{"class":77},[71,46113,82],{"class":81},[71,46115,8582],{"class":127},[71,46117,90],{"class":89},[71,46119,3184],{"class":99},[71,46121,45018],{"class":103},[71,46123,3184],{"class":99},[71,46125,8973],{"class":89},[71,46127,8976],{"class":133},[71,46129,369],{"class":89},[71,46131,46132,46134,46136,46138],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46133,128],{"class":127},[71,46135,90],{"class":89},[71,46137,94],{"class":133},[71,46139,121],{"class":89},[45048,46141],{},[288,46143,46145],{"id":46144},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46147,46148,46149,46151],{},"These habits make ",[15,46150,3289],{}," easier and safer to use.",[40,46153,46154,46157,46162,46165],{},[43,46155,46156],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[43,46158,283,46159,46161],{},[15,46160,46102],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[43,46163,46164],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[43,46166,283,46167,46169],{},[15,46168,29902],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46171,46172,46173,228],{},"Example with ",[15,46174,46102],{},[62,46176,46178],{"className":64,"code":46177,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46179,46180,46204],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46181,46182,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193,46196,46198,46200,46202],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46183,46184],{"class":77},"city ",[71,46186,82],{"class":81},[71,46188,8582],{"class":127},[71,46190,90],{"class":89},[71,46192,3184],{"class":99},[71,46194,46195],{"class":103},"Enter your city: ",[71,46197,3184],{"class":99},[71,46199,8973],{"class":89},[71,46201,8976],{"class":133},[71,46203,369],{"class":89},[71,46205,46206,46208,46210,46212,46215,46217,46219,46221],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46207,128],{"class":127},[71,46209,90],{"class":89},[71,46211,3184],{"class":99},[71,46213,46214],{"class":103},"City:",[71,46216,3184],{"class":99},[71,46218,109],{"class":89},[71,46220,31506],{"class":133},[71,46222,121],{"class":89},[20,46224,46172,46225,228],{},[15,46226,29902],{},[62,46228,46230],{"className":64,"code":46229,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46231,46232,46238,46261,46293,46301],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46233,46234,46236],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46235,29924],{"class":4209},[71,46237,6731],{"class":89},[71,46239,46240,46243,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255,46257,46259],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46241,46242],{"class":77},"    age ",[71,46244,82],{"class":81},[71,46246,45408],{"class":85},[71,46248,90],{"class":89},[71,46250,42593],{"class":127},[71,46252,90],{"class":89},[71,46254,3184],{"class":99},[71,46256,45312],{"class":103},[71,46258,3184],{"class":99},[71,46260,204],{"class":89},[71,46262,46263,46265,46267,46269,46272,46274,46276,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46289,46291],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,46264,8408],{"class":127},[71,46266,90],{"class":89},[71,46268,3184],{"class":99},[71,46270,46271],{"class":103},"You will be",[71,46273,3184],{"class":99},[71,46275,109],{"class":89},[71,46277,45590],{"class":133},[71,46279,2390],{"class":81},[71,46281,165],{"class":117},[71,46283,109],{"class":89},[71,46285,3683],{"class":99},[71,46287,46288],{"class":103},"next year",[71,46290,3184],{"class":99},[71,46292,121],{"class":89},[71,46294,46295,46297,46299],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,46296,29955],{"class":4209},[71,46298,42056],{"class":85},[71,46300,6731],{"class":89},[71,46302,46303,46305,46307,46309,46312,46314],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,46304,8408],{"class":127},[71,46306,90],{"class":89},[71,46308,3184],{"class":99},[71,46310,46311],{"class":103},"Please enter a whole number.",[71,46313,3184],{"class":99},[71,46315,121],{"class":89},[20,46317,46318],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46320,46321,46322,60],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[56,46323,46325],{"href":46324},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45048,46327],{},[288,46329,2054],{"id":2053},[20,46331,46332,46333,228],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46334,3289],{},[40,46336,46337,46344,46347,46350],{},[43,46338,46339,46340,3209,46342],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46341,3208],{},[15,46343,3215],{},[43,46345,46346],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[43,46348,46349],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[43,46351,46352],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46354,32204],{},[62,46356,46358],{"className":64,"code":46357,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46359,46360,46370,46384],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46361,46362,46364,46366,46368],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46363,128],{"class":127},[71,46365,90],{"class":89},[71,46367,2804],{"class":133},[71,46369,121],{"class":89},[71,46371,46372,46374,46376,46378,46380,46382],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46373,128],{"class":127},[71,46375,90],{"class":89},[71,46377,735],{"class":85},[71,46379,90],{"class":89},[71,46381,2804],{"class":133},[71,46383,204],{"class":89},[71,46385,46386,46388,46390,46392,46394,46396],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,46387,128],{"class":127},[71,46389,90],{"class":89},[71,46391,41909],{"class":127},[71,46393,90],{"class":89},[71,46395,2804],{"class":133},[71,46397,204],{"class":89},[20,46399,46400,46401,46403],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46402,3289],{}," actually returned:",[40,46405,46406,46411,46416],{},[43,46407,46408,46410],{},[15,46409,41957],{}," shows the value",[43,46412,46413,46415],{},[15,46414,41963],{}," shows the data type",[43,46417,46418,46420],{},[15,46419,41968],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46422,2537],{},[62,46424,46426],{"className":64,"code":46425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46427,46428,46447,46457,46471],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46429,46430,46432,46434,46436,46438,46440,46443,46445],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46431,2778],{"class":77},[71,46433,82],{"class":81},[71,46435,8582],{"class":127},[71,46437,90],{"class":89},[71,46439,3184],{"class":99},[71,46441,46442],{"class":103},"Enter something: ",[71,46444,3184],{"class":99},[71,46446,121],{"class":89},[71,46448,46449,46451,46453,46455],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46450,128],{"class":127},[71,46452,90],{"class":89},[71,46454,2804],{"class":133},[71,46456,121],{"class":89},[71,46458,46459,46461,46463,46465,46467,46469],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,46460,128],{"class":127},[71,46462,90],{"class":89},[71,46464,735],{"class":85},[71,46466,90],{"class":89},[71,46468,2804],{"class":133},[71,46470,204],{"class":89},[71,46472,46473,46475,46477,46479,46481,46483],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,46474,128],{"class":127},[71,46476,90],{"class":89},[71,46478,41909],{"class":127},[71,46480,90],{"class":89},[71,46482,2804],{"class":133},[71,46484,204],{"class":89},[45048,46486],{},[288,46488,2163],{"id":2162},[350,46490,12813,46492,46494],{"id":46491},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46493,3289],{}," return an integer?",[20,46496,46497,46498,46500,46501,40058],{},"No. ",[15,46499,3289],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46502,3208],{},[350,46504,46506,46507,2172],{"id":46505},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46508,3289],{},[20,46510,46511,46512,46514],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46513,3289],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[350,46516,2196,46518,46521,46522,2172],{"id":46517},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46519,46520],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46523,3289],{},[20,46525,29181,46526,46528,46529,42285,46531,46533],{},[15,46527,3289],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46530,45838],{},[15,46532,45842],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[350,46535,46537],{"id":46536},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46539,283,46540,46542,46543,60],{},[15,46541,46102],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46544,46545],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45048,46547],{},[288,46549,2221],{"id":2220},[40,46551,46552,46557,46561,46567,46573,46577],{},[43,46553,46554],{},[56,46555,46556],{"href":46324},"How to get user input in Python",[43,46558,46559],{},[56,46560,9399],{"href":9321},[43,46562,46563],{},[56,46564,13,46565,3841],{"href":3205},[15,46566,3208],{},[43,46568,46569],{},[56,46570,13,46571,3841],{"href":3212},[15,46572,3215],{},[43,46574,46575],{},[56,46576,46049],{"href":46048},[43,46578,46579],{},[56,46580,13,46582,3841],{"href":46581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46583,46584],{},"print()",[2250,46586,46587],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":46589},[46590,46591,46593,46594,46596,46602,46610,46611,46612,46621],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":45052,"depth":124,"text":46592},"What input() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":45281,"depth":124,"text":46595},"What input() returns",{"id":45484,"depth":124,"text":45485,"children":46597},[46598,46599,46601],{"id":45488,"depth":139,"text":45489},{"id":45541,"depth":139,"text":46600},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45612,"depth":139,"text":45613},{"id":45847,"depth":124,"text":45848,"children":46603},[46604,46606,46607,46609],{"id":45856,"depth":139,"text":46605},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45924,"depth":139,"text":45925},{"id":45999,"depth":139,"text":46608},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46052,"depth":139,"text":46053},{"id":46144,"depth":124,"text":46145},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":46613},[46614,46616,46618,46620],{"id":46491,"depth":139,"text":46615},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46505,"depth":139,"text":46617},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46517,"depth":139,"text":46619},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46536,"depth":139,"text":46537},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42324,"description":46622},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46629,"title":42226,"body":46630,"description":48943,"extension":2292,"meta":48944,"navigation":142,"path":48945,"seo":48946,"stem":48947,"__hash__":48948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46631,"toc":48895},[46632,46637,46642,46647,46668,46671,46673,46733,46735,46754,46759,46764,46769,46771,46784,46786,46869,46871,46912,46918,46920,46950,46956,46959,46976,46978,47030,47032,47050,47056,47062,47065,47083,47085,47158,47160,47179,47186,47192,47197,47200,47260,47262,47281,47284,47287,47302,47308,47312,47373,47375,47396,47400,47529,47531,47661,47671,47677,47683,47691,47757,47759,47784,47787,47804,47817,47823,47826,47859,47861,47874,47877,47920,47922,47930,47937,47941,47948,47952,47979,47981,47989,47995,48012,48017,48021,48048,48050,48058,48062,48067,48070,48096,48099,48108,48116,48120,48130,48134,48137,48139,48190,48192,48222,48232,48259,48261,48269,48279,48283,48286,48288,48336,48338,48382,48388,48439,48441,48460,48465,48470,48473,48492,48495,48547,48549,48558,48560,48564,48568,48571,48580,48587,48589,48616,48620,48622,48631,48634,48641,48647,48707,48711,48713,48721,48724,48750,48756,48759,48779,48781,48790,48798,48800,48806,48811,48818,48828,48834,48842,48846,48849,48851,48892],[10,46633,13,46635,18],{"id":46634},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46636,3208],{},[20,46638,32439,46639,46641],{},[15,46640,3208],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46643,35530,46644,46646],{},[15,46645,3208],{}," when they want to:",[40,46648,46649,46659,46662,46665],{},[43,46650,46651,46652,46655,46656],{},"turn text like ",[15,46653,46654],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46657,46658],{},"42",[43,46660,46661],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[43,46663,46664],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[43,46666,46667],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46669,46670],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[288,46672,2334],{"id":2333},[62,46674,46676],{"className":64,"code":46675,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46677,46678,46696,46710],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46679,46680,46682,46684,46686,46688,46690,46692,46694],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46681,128],{"class":127},[71,46683,90],{"class":89},[71,46685,2517],{"class":85},[71,46687,90],{"class":89},[71,46689,3184],{"class":99},[71,46691,46658],{"class":103},[71,46693,3184],{"class":99},[71,46695,204],{"class":89},[71,46697,46698,46700,46702,46704,46706,46708],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46699,128],{"class":127},[71,46701,90],{"class":89},[71,46703,2517],{"class":85},[71,46705,90],{"class":89},[71,46707,42114],{"class":117},[71,46709,204],{"class":89},[71,46711,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722,46725,46727,46729,46731],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,46713,128],{"class":127},[71,46715,90],{"class":89},[71,46717,2517],{"class":85},[71,46719,90],{"class":89},[71,46721,3184],{"class":99},[71,46723,46724],{"class":103},"101",[71,46726,3184],{"class":99},[71,46728,109],{"class":89},[71,46730,183],{"class":117},[71,46732,204],{"class":89},[20,46734,209],{},[62,46736,46738],{"className":64,"code":46737,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46739,46740,46745,46750],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46741,46742],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46743,46744],{"class":117},"42\n",[71,46746,46747],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46748,46749],{"class":117},"3\n",[71,46751,46752],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,46753,3278],{"class":117},[20,46755,283,46756,46758],{},[15,46757,3208],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[288,46760,291,46762,294],{"id":46761},"what-int-does",[15,46763,3208],{},[20,46765,46766,46768],{},[15,46767,3208],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46770,13162],{},[40,46772,46773,46778,46781],{},[43,46774,46775,46776,7680],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46777,2517],{},[43,46779,46780],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[43,46782,46783],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46785,2537],{},[62,46787,46789],{"className":64,"code":46788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46790,46791,46803,46817,46821,46831,46841,46855],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46792,46793,46795,46797,46799,46801],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46794,34811],{"class":77},[71,46796,82],{"class":81},[71,46798,3683],{"class":99},[71,46800,118],{"class":103},[71,46802,3689],{"class":99},[71,46804,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46806,2547],{"class":77},[71,46808,82],{"class":81},[71,46810,45408],{"class":85},[71,46812,90],{"class":89},[71,46814,34832],{"class":133},[71,46816,121],{"class":89},[71,46818,46819],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,46820,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,46822,46823,46825,46827,46829],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,46824,128],{"class":127},[71,46826,90],{"class":89},[71,46828,34832],{"class":133},[71,46830,121],{"class":89},[71,46832,46833,46835,46837,46839],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,46834,128],{"class":127},[71,46836,90],{"class":89},[71,46838,2569],{"class":133},[71,46840,121],{"class":89},[71,46842,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,46844,128],{"class":127},[71,46846,90],{"class":89},[71,46848,735],{"class":85},[71,46850,90],{"class":89},[71,46852,34832],{"class":133},[71,46854,204],{"class":89},[71,46856,46857,46859,46861,46863,46865,46867],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,46858,128],{"class":127},[71,46860,90],{"class":89},[71,46862,735],{"class":85},[71,46864,90],{"class":89},[71,46866,2569],{"class":133},[71,46868,204],{"class":89},[20,46870,209],{},[62,46872,46874],{"className":64,"code":46873,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46875,46876,46880,46884,46898],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46877,46878],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46879,3040],{"class":117},[71,46881,46882],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46883,3040],{"class":117},[71,46885,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,46887,765],{"class":81},[71,46889,769],{"class":768},[71,46891,231],{"class":99},[71,46893,3775],{"class":103},[71,46895,100],{"class":99},[71,46897,778],{"class":81},[71,46899,46900,46902,46904,46906,46908,46910],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,46901,765],{"class":81},[71,46903,769],{"class":768},[71,46905,231],{"class":99},[71,46907,2517],{"class":103},[71,46909,100],{"class":99},[71,46911,778],{"class":81},[20,46913,46914,46915,46917],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46916,3208],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[288,46919,343],{"id":342},[62,46921,46923],{"className":64,"code":46922,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46924,46925,46935],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46926,46927,46929,46931,46933],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46928,2517],{"class":85},[71,46930,90],{"class":89},[71,46932,1986],{"class":133},[71,46934,121],{"class":89},[71,46936,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945,46948],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,46938,2517],{"class":85},[71,46940,90],{"class":89},[71,46942,1986],{"class":133},[71,46944,109],{"class":89},[71,46946,46947],{"class":133}," base",[71,46949,121],{"class":89},[350,46951,46953],{"id":46952},"intx",[15,46954,46955],{},"int(x)",[20,46957,46958],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[40,46960,46961,46966,46971],{},[43,46962,46963,46964],{},"a string such as ",[15,46965,42256],{},[43,46967,46968,46969],{},"a float such as ",[15,46970,42114],{},[43,46972,46973,46974],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46975,3935],{},[20,46977,2537],{},[62,46979,46981],{"className":64,"code":46980,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46982,46983,47001,47016],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,46984,46985,46987,46989,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,46986,128],{"class":127},[71,46988,90],{"class":89},[71,46990,2517],{"class":85},[71,46992,90],{"class":89},[71,46994,3184],{"class":99},[71,46996,2661],{"class":103},[71,46998,3184],{"class":99},[71,47000,204],{"class":89},[71,47002,47003,47005,47007,47009,47011,47014],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47004,128],{"class":127},[71,47006,90],{"class":89},[71,47008,2517],{"class":85},[71,47010,90],{"class":89},[71,47012,47013],{"class":117},"8.7",[71,47015,204],{"class":89},[71,47017,47018,47020,47022,47024,47026,47028],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47019,128],{"class":127},[71,47021,90],{"class":89},[71,47023,2517],{"class":85},[71,47025,90],{"class":89},[71,47027,3935],{"class":4184},[71,47029,204],{"class":89},[20,47031,209],{},[62,47033,47035],{"className":64,"code":47034,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47036,47037,47041,47045],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47038,47039],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47040,2707],{"class":117},[71,47042,47043],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47044,2712],{"class":117},[71,47046,47047],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47048,47049],{"class":117},"1\n",[350,47051,47053],{"id":47052},"intx-base",[15,47054,47055],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47057,47058,47059,47061],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47060,1986],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47063,47064],{},"Common bases:",[40,47066,47067,47072,47077],{},[43,47068,47069,47071],{},[15,47070,630],{}," for binary",[43,47073,47074,47076],{},[15,47075,2676],{}," for octal",[43,47078,47079,47082],{},[15,47080,47081],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47084,2537],{},[62,47086,47088],{"className":64,"code":47087,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47089,47090,47112,47135],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47091,47092,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106,47108,47110],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47093,128],{"class":127},[71,47095,90],{"class":89},[71,47097,2517],{"class":85},[71,47099,90],{"class":89},[71,47101,3184],{"class":99},[71,47103,46724],{"class":103},[71,47105,3184],{"class":99},[71,47107,109],{"class":89},[71,47109,183],{"class":117},[71,47111,204],{"class":89},[71,47113,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47127,47129,47131,47133],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47115,128],{"class":127},[71,47117,90],{"class":89},[71,47119,2517],{"class":85},[71,47121,90],{"class":89},[71,47123,3184],{"class":99},[71,47125,47126],{"class":103},"17",[71,47128,3184],{"class":99},[71,47130,109],{"class":89},[71,47132,6697],{"class":117},[71,47134,204],{"class":89},[71,47136,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47147,47150,47152,47154,47156],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47138,128],{"class":127},[71,47140,90],{"class":89},[71,47142,2517],{"class":85},[71,47144,90],{"class":89},[71,47146,3184],{"class":99},[71,47148,47149],{"class":103},"1A",[71,47151,3184],{"class":99},[71,47153,109],{"class":89},[71,47155,14099],{"class":117},[71,47157,204],{"class":89},[20,47159,209],{},[62,47161,47163],{"className":64,"code":47162,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47164,47165,47169,47174],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47166,47167],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47168,3278],{"class":117},[71,47170,47171],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47172,47173],{"class":117},"15\n",[71,47175,47176],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47177,47178],{"class":117},"26\n",[20,47180,47181,47182,60],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[56,47183,47184,2633],{"href":3212},[15,47185,3215],{},[288,47187,8758,47189,47191],{"id":47188},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47190,3208],{}," with strings",[20,47193,47194,47196],{},[15,47195,3208],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47198,47199],{},"Examples that work:",[62,47201,47203],{"className":64,"code":47202,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47204,47205,47223,47241],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47206,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47208,128],{"class":127},[71,47210,90],{"class":89},[71,47212,2517],{"class":85},[71,47214,90],{"class":89},[71,47216,3184],{"class":99},[71,47218,2466],{"class":103},[71,47220,3184],{"class":99},[71,47222,204],{"class":89},[71,47224,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47226,128],{"class":127},[71,47228,90],{"class":89},[71,47230,2517],{"class":85},[71,47232,90],{"class":89},[71,47234,3184],{"class":99},[71,47236,2622],{"class":103},[71,47238,3184],{"class":99},[71,47240,204],{"class":89},[71,47242,47243,47245,47247,47249,47251,47253,47256,47258],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47244,128],{"class":127},[71,47246,90],{"class":89},[71,47248,2517],{"class":85},[71,47250,90],{"class":89},[71,47252,3184],{"class":99},[71,47254,47255],{"class":103},"  42  ",[71,47257,3184],{"class":99},[71,47259,204],{"class":89},[20,47261,209],{},[62,47263,47265],{"className":64,"code":47264,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47266,47267,47271,47277],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47268,47269],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47270,3278],{"class":117},[71,47272,47273,47275],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47274,2353],{"class":81},[71,47276,2555],{"class":117},[71,47278,47279],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47280,46744],{"class":117},[20,47282,47283],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47285,47286],{},"Examples that fail:",[62,47288,47290],{"className":64,"code":47289,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47291,47292,47297],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47293,47294],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47295,47296],{"class":1439},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[71,47298,47299],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47300,47301],{"class":1439},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47303,47304,47305,47307],{},"These raise ",[15,47306,40833],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[350,47309,47311],{"id":47310},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[62,47313,47315],{"className":64,"code":47314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47316,47317,47335,47354],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47318,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327,47329,47331,47333],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47320,128],{"class":127},[71,47322,90],{"class":89},[71,47324,2517],{"class":85},[71,47326,90],{"class":89},[71,47328,3184],{"class":99},[71,47330,2449],{"class":103},[71,47332,3184],{"class":99},[71,47334,204],{"class":89},[71,47336,47337,47339,47341,47343,47345,47347,47350,47352],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47338,128],{"class":127},[71,47340,90],{"class":89},[71,47342,2517],{"class":85},[71,47344,90],{"class":89},[71,47346,3184],{"class":99},[71,47348,47349],{"class":103},"+7",[71,47351,3184],{"class":99},[71,47353,204],{"class":89},[71,47355,47356,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366,47369,47371],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47357,128],{"class":127},[71,47359,90],{"class":89},[71,47361,2517],{"class":85},[71,47363,90],{"class":89},[71,47365,3184],{"class":99},[71,47367,47368],{"class":103},"-100",[71,47370,3184],{"class":99},[71,47372,204],{"class":89},[20,47374,209],{},[62,47376,47378],{"className":64,"code":47377,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47379,47380,47385,47389],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47381,47382],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47383,47384],{"class":117},"0\n",[71,47386,47387],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47388,2409],{"class":117},[71,47390,47391,47393],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47392,2353],{"class":81},[71,47394,47395],{"class":117},"100\n",[350,47397,47399],{"id":47398},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[62,47401,47403],{"className":64,"code":47402,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47404,47405,47443,47447,47459,47466,47481,47496],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47406,47407,47409,47411,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421,47423,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47439,47441],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47408,4154],{"class":77},[71,47410,82],{"class":81},[71,47412,1740],{"class":89},[71,47414,3184],{"class":99},[71,47416,40272],{"class":103},[71,47418,3184],{"class":99},[71,47420,109],{"class":89},[71,47422,3683],{"class":99},[71,47424,47425],{"class":103},"12abc",[71,47427,3184],{"class":99},[71,47429,109],{"class":89},[71,47431,6463],{"class":99},[71,47433,109],{"class":89},[71,47435,3683],{"class":99},[71,47437,47438],{"class":103},"seven",[71,47440,3184],{"class":99},[71,47442,1757],{"class":89},[71,47444,47445],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47446,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,47448,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47450,6294],{"class":4209},[71,47452,21701],{"class":77},[71,47454,4216],{"class":4209},[71,47456,4219],{"class":77},[71,47458,6731],{"class":89},[71,47460,47461,47464],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,47462,47463],{"class":4209},"    try",[71,47465,6731],{"class":89},[71,47467,47468,47471,47473,47475,47477,47479],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,47469,47470],{"class":127},"        print",[71,47472,90],{"class":89},[71,47474,2517],{"class":85},[71,47476,90],{"class":89},[71,47478,2804],{"class":133},[71,47480,204],{"class":89},[71,47482,47483,47486,47488,47491,47494],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,47484,47485],{"class":4209},"    except",[71,47487,42056],{"class":85},[71,47489,47490],{"class":4209}," as",[71,47492,47493],{"class":77}," error",[71,47495,6731],{"class":89},[71,47497,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506,47508,47510,47513,47515,47518,47520,47523,47525,47527],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,47499,47470],{"class":127},[71,47501,90],{"class":89},[71,47503,22411],{"class":768},[71,47505,3184],{"class":103},[71,47507,219],{"class":117},[71,47509,2804],{"class":133},[71,47511,47512],{"class":768},"!r",[71,47514,22420],{"class":117},[71,47516,47517],{"class":103}," -> ",[71,47519,219],{"class":117},[71,47521,47522],{"class":133},"error",[71,47524,22420],{"class":117},[71,47526,3184],{"class":103},[71,47528,121],{"class":89},[20,47530,209],{},[62,47532,47534],{"className":64,"code":47533,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47535,47536,47572,47604,47629],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47537,47538,47540,47542,47544,47547,47550,47552,47554,47556,47559,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47539,100],{"class":43459},[71,47541,40272],{"class":43463},[71,47543,100],{"class":43459},[71,47545,47546],{"class":37494}," ->",[71,47548,47549],{"class":77}," invalid literal ",[71,47551,6294],{"class":4209},[71,47553,45408],{"class":85},[71,47555,7706],{"class":89},[71,47557,47558],{"class":4209}," with",[71,47560,47561],{"class":77}," base ",[71,47563,2661],{"class":117},[71,47565,228],{"class":89},[71,47567,231],{"class":99},[71,47569,40272],{"class":103},[71,47571,29820],{"class":99},[71,47573,47574,47576,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47575,100],{"class":99},[71,47577,47425],{"class":103},[71,47579,100],{"class":99},[71,47581,47546],{"class":37494},[71,47583,47549],{"class":77},[71,47585,6294],{"class":4209},[71,47587,45408],{"class":85},[71,47589,7706],{"class":89},[71,47591,47558],{"class":4209},[71,47593,47561],{"class":77},[71,47595,2661],{"class":117},[71,47597,228],{"class":89},[71,47599,231],{"class":99},[71,47601,47425],{"class":103},[71,47603,29820],{"class":99},[71,47605,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624,47626],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47607,4105],{"class":99},[71,47609,47546],{"class":37494},[71,47611,47549],{"class":77},[71,47613,6294],{"class":4209},[71,47615,45408],{"class":85},[71,47617,7706],{"class":89},[71,47619,47558],{"class":4209},[71,47621,47561],{"class":77},[71,47623,2661],{"class":117},[71,47625,228],{"class":89},[71,47627,47628],{"class":99}," ''\n",[71,47630,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643,47645,47647,47649,47651,47653,47655,47657,47659],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,47632,100],{"class":99},[71,47634,47438],{"class":103},[71,47636,100],{"class":99},[71,47638,47546],{"class":37494},[71,47640,47549],{"class":77},[71,47642,6294],{"class":4209},[71,47644,45408],{"class":85},[71,47646,7706],{"class":89},[71,47648,47558],{"class":4209},[71,47650,47561],{"class":77},[71,47652,2661],{"class":117},[71,47654,228],{"class":89},[71,47656,231],{"class":99},[71,47658,47438],{"class":103},[71,47660,29820],{"class":99},[20,47662,47663,47664,47666,47667,60],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[56,47665,9322],{"href":9321}," and the ",[56,47668,47669,2633],{"href":8559},[15,47670,3289],{},[288,47672,8758,47674,47676],{"id":47673},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47675,3208],{}," with floats",[20,47678,47679,47680,47682],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47681,3208],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47684,47685,47686,14165,47688,47690],{},"Important: ",[15,47687,3208],{},[30,47689,4967],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[62,47692,47694],{"className":64,"code":47693,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47695,47696,47710,47725,47741],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47697,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47699,128],{"class":127},[71,47701,90],{"class":89},[71,47703,2517],{"class":85},[71,47705,90],{"class":89},[71,47707,42114],{"class":117},[71,47709,204],{"class":89},[71,47711,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47723],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47713,128],{"class":127},[71,47715,90],{"class":89},[71,47717,2517],{"class":85},[71,47719,90],{"class":89},[71,47721,47722],{"class":117},"3.1",[71,47724,204],{"class":89},[71,47726,47727,47729,47731,47733,47735,47737,47739],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47728,128],{"class":127},[71,47730,90],{"class":89},[71,47732,2517],{"class":85},[71,47734,90],{"class":89},[71,47736,2353],{"class":81},[71,47738,42114],{"class":117},[71,47740,204],{"class":89},[71,47742,47743,47745,47747,47749,47751,47753,47755],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,47744,128],{"class":127},[71,47746,90],{"class":89},[71,47748,2517],{"class":85},[71,47750,90],{"class":89},[71,47752,2353],{"class":81},[71,47754,47722],{"class":117},[71,47756,204],{"class":89},[20,47758,209],{},[62,47760,47762],{"className":64,"code":47761,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47763,47764,47768,47772,47778],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47765,47766],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47767,46749],{"class":117},[71,47769,47770],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47771,46749],{"class":117},[71,47773,47774,47776],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47775,2353],{"class":81},[71,47777,46749],{"class":117},[71,47779,47780,47782],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,47781,2353],{"class":81},[71,47783,46749],{"class":117},[20,47785,47786],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[40,47788,47789,47796],{},[43,47790,47791,42285,47794],{},[15,47792,47793],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47795,640],{},[43,47797,47798,42285,47801],{},[15,47799,47800],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47802,47803],{},"-3",[20,47805,47806,47807,47811,47812,60],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[56,47808,47809],{"href":3212},[15,47810,3215],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[56,47813,47814],{"href":42305},[15,47815,47816],{},"str()",[288,47818,8758,47820,47822],{"id":47819},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47821,3208],{}," with booleans",[20,47824,47825],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[62,47827,47829],{"className":64,"code":47828,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47830,47831,47845],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47832,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47834,128],{"class":127},[71,47836,90],{"class":89},[71,47838,2517],{"class":85},[71,47840,90],{"class":89},[71,47842,3935],{"class":4184},[71,47844,204],{"class":89},[71,47846,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855,47857],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47848,128],{"class":127},[71,47850,90],{"class":89},[71,47852,2517],{"class":85},[71,47854,90],{"class":89},[71,47856,4006],{"class":4184},[71,47858,204],{"class":89},[20,47860,209],{},[62,47862,47864],{"className":64,"code":47863,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1\n0\n",[15,47865,47866,47870],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47867,47868],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47869,47049],{"class":117},[71,47871,47872],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47873,47384],{"class":117},[20,47875,47876],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[62,47878,47880],{"className":64,"code":47879,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47881,47882,47891,47906,47910],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47883,47884,47887,47889],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47885,47886],{"class":77},"passed ",[71,47888,82],{"class":81},[71,47890,6761],{"class":4184},[71,47892,47893,47895,47897,47899,47901,47904],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,47894,41312],{"class":77},[71,47896,82],{"class":81},[71,47898,45408],{"class":85},[71,47900,90],{"class":89},[71,47902,47903],{"class":133},"passed",[71,47905,121],{"class":89},[71,47907,47908],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,47909,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,47911,47912,47914,47916,47918],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,47913,128],{"class":127},[71,47915,90],{"class":89},[71,47917,41341],{"class":133},[71,47919,121],{"class":89},[20,47921,209],{},[62,47923,47924],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,47925,47926],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47927,47928],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47929,47049],{"class":117},[20,47931,47932,47933,60],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[56,47934,47935,2633],{"href":6116},[15,47936,4144],{},[288,47938,47940],{"id":47939},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47942,47943,47944,47947],{},"Use the ",[15,47945,47946],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[350,47949,47951],{"id":47950},"binary-example","Binary example",[62,47953,47955],{"className":64,"code":47954,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47956,47957],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47958,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47960,128],{"class":127},[71,47962,90],{"class":89},[71,47964,2517],{"class":85},[71,47966,90],{"class":89},[71,47968,3184],{"class":99},[71,47970,46724],{"class":103},[71,47972,3184],{"class":99},[71,47974,109],{"class":89},[71,47976,183],{"class":117},[71,47978,204],{"class":89},[20,47980,209],{},[62,47982,47983],{"className":64,"code":3278,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,47984,47985],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,47986,47987],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,47988,3278],{"class":117},[20,47990,47991,47994],{},[15,47992,47993],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[40,47996,47997,48002,48007],{},[43,47998,47999],{},[15,48000,48001],{},"1 × 4",[43,48003,48004],{},[15,48005,48006],{},"0 × 2",[43,48008,48009],{},[15,48010,48011],{},"1 × 1",[20,48013,48014,48015,60],{},"So the result is ",[15,48016,2466],{},[350,48018,48020],{"id":48019},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[62,48022,48024],{"className":64,"code":48023,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48025,48026],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48027,48028,48030,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48029,128],{"class":127},[71,48031,90],{"class":89},[71,48033,2517],{"class":85},[71,48035,90],{"class":89},[71,48037,3184],{"class":99},[71,48039,47149],{"class":103},[71,48041,3184],{"class":99},[71,48043,109],{"class":89},[71,48045,14099],{"class":117},[71,48047,204],{"class":89},[20,48049,209],{},[62,48051,48052],{"className":64,"code":47178,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,48053,48054],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48055,48056],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48057,47178],{"class":117},[350,48059,48061],{"id":48060},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48063,2309,48064,48066],{},[15,48065,47946],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48068,48069],{},"Good:",[62,48071,48072],{"className":64,"code":47954,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,48073,48074],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48075,48076,48078,48080,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092,48094],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48077,128],{"class":127},[71,48079,90],{"class":89},[71,48081,2517],{"class":85},[71,48083,90],{"class":89},[71,48085,3184],{"class":99},[71,48087,46724],{"class":103},[71,48089,3184],{"class":99},[71,48091,109],{"class":89},[71,48093,183],{"class":117},[71,48095,204],{"class":89},[20,48097,48098],{},"Not correct:",[62,48100,48102],{"className":64,"code":48101,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48103,48104],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48105,48106],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48107,48101],{"class":1439},[20,48109,48110,48111,8943,48113,48115],{},"That causes a ",[15,48112,3337],{},[15,48114,47946],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[288,48117,48119],{"id":48118},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48121,48122,48123,48125,48126,1560,48128,60],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48124,3208],{}," are ",[15,48127,40833],{},[15,48129,3337],{},[350,48131,48132],{"id":41643},[15,48133,40833],{},[20,48135,48136],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48138,2537],{},[62,48140,48142],{"className":64,"code":48141,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48143,48144,48150,48168,48180],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48145,48146,48148],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48147,29924],{"class":4209},[71,48149,6731],{"class":89},[71,48151,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164,48166],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,48153,8408],{"class":127},[71,48155,90],{"class":89},[71,48157,2517],{"class":85},[71,48159,90],{"class":89},[71,48161,3184],{"class":99},[71,48163,40272],{"class":103},[71,48165,3184],{"class":99},[71,48167,204],{"class":89},[71,48169,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,48171,29955],{"class":4209},[71,48173,42056],{"class":85},[71,48175,47490],{"class":4209},[71,48177,47493],{"class":77},[71,48179,6731],{"class":89},[71,48181,48182,48184,48186,48188],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,48183,8408],{"class":127},[71,48185,90],{"class":89},[71,48187,47522],{"class":133},[71,48189,121],{"class":89},[20,48191,209],{},[62,48193,48195],{"className":64,"code":48194,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48196,48197],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48198,48199,48202,48204,48206,48208,48210,48212,48214,48216,48218,48220],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48200,48201],{"class":77},"invalid literal ",[71,48203,6294],{"class":4209},[71,48205,45408],{"class":85},[71,48207,7706],{"class":89},[71,48209,47558],{"class":4209},[71,48211,47561],{"class":77},[71,48213,2661],{"class":117},[71,48215,228],{"class":89},[71,48217,231],{"class":99},[71,48219,40272],{"class":103},[71,48221,29820],{"class":99},[20,48223,48224,48225,48228,48229,48231],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48226,48227],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48230,3208],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[62,48233,48235],{"className":64,"code":48234,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48236,48237],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48238,48239,48241,48243,48245,48247,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48240,128],{"class":127},[71,48242,90],{"class":89},[71,48244,2517],{"class":85},[71,48246,90],{"class":89},[71,48248,2521],{"class":85},[71,48250,90],{"class":89},[71,48252,3184],{"class":99},[71,48254,40272],{"class":103},[71,48256,3184],{"class":99},[71,48258,3243],{"class":89},[20,48260,209],{},[62,48262,48263],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,48264,48265],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48266,48267],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48268,46749],{"class":117},[20,48270,48271,48272,1560,48275,60],{},"If you see this often, read ",[56,48273,48274],{"href":3293},"how to convert string to int in Python",[56,48276,25798,48277],{"href":46048},[15,48278,46049],{},[350,48280,48281],{"id":41709},[15,48282,3337],{},[20,48284,48285],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48287,2537],{},[62,48289,48291],{"className":64,"code":48290,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48292,48293,48299,48313,48326],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48294,48295,48297],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48296,29924],{"class":4209},[71,48298,6731],{"class":89},[71,48300,48301,48303,48305,48307,48309,48311],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,48302,8408],{"class":127},[71,48304,90],{"class":89},[71,48306,2517],{"class":85},[71,48308,90],{"class":89},[71,48310,4110],{"class":4184},[71,48312,204],{"class":89},[71,48314,48315,48317,48320,48322,48324],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,48316,29955],{"class":4209},[71,48318,48319],{"class":85}," TypeError",[71,48321,47490],{"class":4209},[71,48323,47493],{"class":77},[71,48325,6731],{"class":89},[71,48327,48328,48330,48332,48334],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,48329,8408],{"class":127},[71,48331,90],{"class":89},[71,48333,47522],{"class":133},[71,48335,121],{"class":89},[20,48337,209],{},[62,48339,48341],{"className":64,"code":48340,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48342,48343],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48344,48345,48347,48349,48352,48354,48356,48359,48361,48364,48366,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377,48380],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48346,2517],{"class":85},[71,48348,7706],{"class":89},[71,48350,48351],{"class":77}," argument must be a string",[71,48353,109],{"class":89},[71,48355,44676],{"class":77},[71,48357,48358],{"class":85},"bytes",[71,48360,2353],{"class":81},[71,48362,48363],{"class":77},"like ",[71,48365,42529],{"class":85},[71,48367,48368],{"class":81}," or",[71,48370,40969],{"class":77},[71,48372,109],{"class":89},[71,48374,8439],{"class":81},[71,48376,231],{"class":99},[71,48378,48379],{"class":103},"NoneType",[71,48381,29820],{"class":99},[20,48383,48384,48385,48387],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48386,47946],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[62,48389,48391],{"className":64,"code":48390,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48392,48393,48399,48417,48429],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48394,48395,48397],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48396,29924],{"class":4209},[71,48398,6731],{"class":89},[71,48400,48401,48403,48405,48407,48409,48411,48413,48415],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,48402,8408],{"class":127},[71,48404,90],{"class":89},[71,48406,2517],{"class":85},[71,48408,90],{"class":89},[71,48410,46724],{"class":117},[71,48412,109],{"class":89},[71,48414,183],{"class":117},[71,48416,204],{"class":89},[71,48418,48419,48421,48423,48425,48427],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,48420,29955],{"class":4209},[71,48422,48319],{"class":85},[71,48424,47490],{"class":4209},[71,48426,47493],{"class":77},[71,48428,6731],{"class":89},[71,48430,48431,48433,48435,48437],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,48432,8408],{"class":127},[71,48434,90],{"class":89},[71,48436,47522],{"class":133},[71,48438,121],{"class":89},[20,48440,209],{},[62,48442,48444],{"className":64,"code":48443,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48445,48446],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48447,48448,48450,48452,48455,48457],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48449,2517],{"class":85},[71,48451,7706],{"class":89},[71,48453,48454],{"class":77}," can",[71,48456,100],{"class":99},[71,48458,48459],{"class":103},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[288,48461,5298,48463],{"id":48462},"when-to-use-int",[15,48464,3208],{},[20,48466,283,48467,48469],{},[15,48468,3208],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48471,48472],{},"Common uses:",[40,48474,48475,48481,48484,48487],{},[43,48476,48477,48478,48480],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48479,3289],{}," into integers",[43,48482,48483],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[43,48485,48486],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[43,48488,48489,48490,36742],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48491,47946],{},[20,48493,48494],{},"Example with user input:",[62,48496,48498],{"className":64,"code":48497,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48499,48500,48514,48529,48533],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48501,48502,48505,48507,48509,48512],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48503,48504],{"class":77},"age_text ",[71,48506,82],{"class":81},[71,48508,3683],{"class":99},[71,48510,48511],{"class":103},"18",[71,48513,3689],{"class":99},[71,48515,48516,48518,48520,48522,48524,48527],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,48517,21745],{"class":77},[71,48519,82],{"class":81},[71,48521,45408],{"class":85},[71,48523,90],{"class":89},[71,48525,48526],{"class":133},"age_text",[71,48528,121],{"class":89},[71,48530,48531],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,48532,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,48534,48535,48537,48539,48541,48543,48545],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,48536,128],{"class":127},[71,48538,90],{"class":89},[71,48540,21745],{"class":133},[71,48542,2390],{"class":81},[71,48544,165],{"class":117},[71,48546,121],{"class":89},[20,48548,209],{},[62,48550,48552],{"className":64,"code":48551,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"19\n",[15,48553,48554],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48555,48556],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48557,48551],{"class":117},[288,48559,2054],{"id":2053},[20,48561,14845,48562,60],{},[15,48563,3208],{},[350,48565,48567],{"id":48566},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48569,48570],{},"This fails:",[62,48572,48574],{"className":64,"code":48573,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48575,48576],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48577,48578],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48579,48573],{"class":1439},[20,48581,48582,48583,48586],{},"Why: ",[15,48584,48585],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48588,18956],{},[62,48590,48592],{"className":64,"code":48591,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48593,48594],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48595,48596,48598,48600,48602,48604,48606,48608,48610,48612,48614],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48597,128],{"class":127},[71,48599,90],{"class":89},[71,48601,2517],{"class":85},[71,48603,90],{"class":89},[71,48605,2521],{"class":85},[71,48607,90],{"class":89},[71,48609,3184],{"class":99},[71,48611,41253],{"class":103},[71,48613,3184],{"class":99},[71,48615,3243],{"class":89},[350,48617,48619],{"id":48618},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48621,48570],{},[62,48623,48625],{"className":64,"code":48624,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48626,48627],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48628,48629],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48630,48624],{"class":1439},[20,48632,48633],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[350,48635,48637,48638],{"id":48636},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48639,48640],{},"int(None)",[20,48642,48643,48644,48646],{},"This fails because ",[15,48645,4110],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[62,48648,48650],{"className":64,"code":48649,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48651,48652,48661,48665,48671,48685,48697],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48653,48654,48656,48658],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48655,2778],{"class":77},[71,48657,82],{"class":81},[71,48659,48660],{"class":4184}," None\n",[71,48662,48663],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,48664,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,48666,48667,48669],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,48668,29924],{"class":4209},[71,48670,6731],{"class":89},[71,48672,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,48674,8408],{"class":127},[71,48676,90],{"class":89},[71,48678,2517],{"class":85},[71,48680,90],{"class":89},[71,48682,2804],{"class":133},[71,48684,204],{"class":89},[71,48686,48687,48689,48691,48693,48695],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,48688,29955],{"class":4209},[71,48690,48319],{"class":85},[71,48692,47490],{"class":4209},[71,48694,47493],{"class":77},[71,48696,6731],{"class":89},[71,48698,48699,48701,48703,48705],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,48700,8408],{"class":127},[71,48702,90],{"class":89},[71,48704,47522],{"class":133},[71,48706,121],{"class":89},[350,48708,48710],{"id":48709},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48712,48570],{},[62,48714,48715],{"className":64,"code":48101,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,48716,48717],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48718,48719],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48720,48101],{"class":1439},[20,48722,48723],{},"Use a string instead:",[62,48725,48726],{"className":64,"code":47954,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,48727,48728],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48729,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48748],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48731,128],{"class":127},[71,48733,90],{"class":89},[71,48735,2517],{"class":85},[71,48737,90],{"class":89},[71,48739,3184],{"class":99},[71,48741,46724],{"class":103},[71,48743,3184],{"class":99},[71,48745,109],{"class":89},[71,48747,183],{"class":117},[71,48749,204],{"class":89},[350,48751,8794,48753,48755],{"id":48752},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48754,3208],{}," to round",[20,48757,48758],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[62,48760,48762],{"className":64,"code":48761,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48763,48764],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48765,48766,48768,48770,48772,48774,48777],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48767,128],{"class":127},[71,48769,90],{"class":89},[71,48771,2517],{"class":85},[71,48773,90],{"class":89},[71,48775,48776],{"class":117},"4.9",[71,48778,204],{"class":89},[20,48780,209],{},[62,48782,48784],{"className":64,"code":48783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"4\n",[15,48785,48786],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48787,48788],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48789,48783],{"class":117},[20,48791,3502,48792,48794,48795,48797],{},[15,48793,2466],{},", remember that ",[15,48796,3208],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[288,48799,2163],{"id":2162},[350,48801,12813,48803,48805],{"id":48802},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48804,3208],{}," round numbers?",[20,48807,46497,48808,48810],{},[15,48809,3208],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[350,48812,2196,48814,48817],{"id":48813},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48815,48816],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48819,29181,48820,48822,48823,48825,48826,40058],{},[15,48821,48227],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48824,3215],{}," first, then use ",[15,48827,3208],{},[350,48829,5479,48831,12825],{"id":48830},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48832,48833],{},"int(True)",[20,48835,5485,48836,28433,48838,42285,48840,60],{},[15,48837,3320],{},[15,48839,4006],{},[15,48841,2449],{},[350,48843,48845],{"id":48844},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48847,48848],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[288,48850,2221],{"id":2220},[40,48852,48853,48859,48865,48871,48876,48880,48886],{},[43,48854,48855],{},[56,48856,48857,3841],{"href":3212},[15,48858,3215],{},[43,48860,48861],{},[56,48862,48863,3841],{"href":42305},[15,48864,47816],{},[43,48866,48867],{},[56,48868,48869,3841],{"href":6116},[15,48870,4144],{},[43,48872,48873],{},[56,48874,48875],{"href":3293},"How to convert string to int in Python",[43,48877,48878],{},[56,48879,9399],{"href":9321},[43,48881,48882],{},[56,48883,48884,3841],{"href":8559},[15,48885,3289],{},[43,48887,48888],{},[56,48889,30468,48890],{"href":46048},[15,48891,46049],{},[2250,48893,48894],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":48896},[48897,48898,48900,48904,48909,48911,48913,48918,48922,48924,48933,48942],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":46761,"depth":124,"text":48899},"What int() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":48901},[48902,48903],{"id":46952,"depth":139,"text":46955},{"id":47052,"depth":139,"text":47055},{"id":47188,"depth":124,"text":48905,"children":48906},"Using int() with strings",[48907,48908],{"id":47310,"depth":139,"text":47311},{"id":47398,"depth":139,"text":47399},{"id":47673,"depth":124,"text":48910},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47819,"depth":124,"text":48912},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47939,"depth":124,"text":47940,"children":48914},[48915,48916,48917],{"id":47950,"depth":139,"text":47951},{"id":48019,"depth":139,"text":48020},{"id":48060,"depth":139,"text":48061},{"id":48118,"depth":124,"text":48119,"children":48919},[48920,48921],{"id":41643,"depth":139,"text":40833},{"id":41709,"depth":139,"text":3337},{"id":48462,"depth":124,"text":48923},"When to use int()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":48925},[48926,48927,48928,48930,48931],{"id":48566,"depth":139,"text":48567},{"id":48618,"depth":139,"text":48619},{"id":48636,"depth":139,"text":48929},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48709,"depth":139,"text":48710},{"id":48752,"depth":139,"text":48932},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":48934},[48935,48937,48939,48941],{"id":48802,"depth":139,"text":48936},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48813,"depth":139,"text":48938},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48830,"depth":139,"text":48940},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48844,"depth":139,"text":48845},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42226,"description":48943},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48950,"title":48951,"body":48952,"description":50788,"extension":2292,"meta":50789,"navigation":142,"path":44934,"seo":50790,"stem":50791,"__hash__":50792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48953,"toc":50744},[48954,48959,48964,48972,48981,48983,49042,49048,49053,49058,49061,49089,49092,49095,49106,49116,49118,49120,49140,49144,49172,49174,49213,49215,49223,49225,49228,49232,49285,49287,49299,49303,49360,49362,49374,49380,49386,49390,49393,49396,49462,49464,49476,49482,49484,49536,49539,49580,49583,49590,49599,49605,49608,49641,49647,49650,49681,49687,49690,49702,49706,49711,49715,49873,49875,49890,49893,49897,50001,50003,50020,50024,50085,50087,50095,50098,50102,50169,50171,50180,50186,50188,50197,50199,50234,50239,50241,50271,50275,50277,50314,50317,50319,50356,50362,50364,50414,50416,50424,50434,50440,50444,50449,50498,50500,50513,50516,50518,50521,50596,50599,50618,50621,50651,50661,50663,50668,50675,50681,50687,50694,50702,50708,50711,50713,50741],[10,48955,13,48957,18],{"id":48956},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48958,44937],{},[20,48960,48961,48963],{},[15,48962,44937],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48965,48966,48967,3209,48969,48971],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48968,3935],{},[15,48970,4006],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48973,48974,48975,48977,48978,48980],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48976,44937],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48979,2632],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[288,48982,3940],{"id":3939},[62,48984,48986],{"className":64,"code":48985,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48987,48988,48996,49000,49021],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,48989,48990,48992,48994],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,48991,2778],{"class":77},[71,48993,82],{"class":81},[71,48995,2918],{"class":117},[71,48997,48998],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,48999,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49001,49002,49004,49006,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49003,128],{"class":127},[71,49005,90],{"class":89},[71,49007,49008],{"class":127},"isinstance",[71,49010,90],{"class":89},[71,49012,2804],{"class":133},[71,49014,109],{"class":89},[71,49016,45408],{"class":85},[71,49018,5697],{"class":89},[71,49020,43986],{"class":1439},[71,49022,49023,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033,49035,49038,49040],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,49024,128],{"class":127},[71,49026,90],{"class":89},[71,49028,49008],{"class":127},[71,49030,90],{"class":89},[71,49032,2804],{"class":133},[71,49034,109],{"class":89},[71,49036,49037],{"class":85}," str",[71,49039,5697],{"class":89},[71,49041,44003],{"class":1439},[20,49043,283,49044,49047],{},[15,49045,49046],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[288,49049,291,49051,294],{"id":49050},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49052,44937],{},[20,49054,49055,49057],{},[15,49056,44937],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49059,49060],{},"It:",[40,49062,49063,49066,49072,49075],{},[43,49064,49065],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[43,49067,11530,49068,3209,49070],{},[15,49069,3935],{},[15,49071,4006],{},[43,49073,49074],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[43,49076,49077,49078,2518,49080,2518,49082,2518,49084,17186,49087],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49079,3775],{},[15,49081,2517],{},[15,49083,8433],{},[15,49085,49086],{},"tuple",[15,49088,196],{},[20,49090,49091],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49093,49094],{},"For example, you might want to:",[40,49096,49097,49100,49103],{},[43,49098,49099],{},"loop through a list",[43,49101,49102],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[43,49104,49105],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49107,49108,49109,3209,49112,60],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[56,49110,44929],{"href":49111},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[56,49113,49115],{"href":49114},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[288,49117,343],{"id":342},[20,49119,2489],{},[62,49121,49123],{"className":64,"code":49122,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49124,49125],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49126,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49138],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49128,49008],{"class":127},[71,49130,90],{"class":89},[71,49132,42529],{"class":85},[71,49134,109],{"class":89},[71,49136,49137],{"class":133}," classinfo",[71,49139,121],{"class":89},[350,49141,49143],{"id":49142},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[40,49145,49146,49151,49165],{},[43,49147,49148,49150],{},[15,49149,42529],{}," is the value you want to test",[43,49152,49153,49156,49157,2518,49159,2518,49161,2522,49163],{},[15,49154,49155],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49158,2517],{},[15,49160,3775],{},[15,49162,8433],{},[15,49164,196],{},[43,49166,49167,49168,3209,49170],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49169,3935],{},[15,49171,4006],{},[20,49173,2537],{},[62,49175,49177],{"className":64,"code":49176,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49178,49179,49191,49195],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49180,49181,49183,49185,49187,49189],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49182,8215],{"class":77},[71,49184,82],{"class":81},[71,49186,3683],{"class":99},[71,49188,11616],{"class":103},[71,49190,3689],{"class":99},[71,49192,49193],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49194,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49196,49197,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49198,128],{"class":127},[71,49200,90],{"class":89},[71,49202,49008],{"class":127},[71,49204,90],{"class":89},[71,49206,94],{"class":133},[71,49208,109],{"class":89},[71,49210,49037],{"class":85},[71,49212,204],{"class":89},[20,49214,209],{},[62,49216,49217],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,49218,49219],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49220,49221],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49222,4314],{"class":4184},[288,49224,11582],{"id":11581},[20,49226,49227],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[350,49229,49231],{"id":49230},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[62,49233,49235],{"className":64,"code":49234,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49236,49237,49245,49249,49267],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49238,49239,49241,49243],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49240,2778],{"class":77},[71,49242,82],{"class":81},[71,49244,45357],{"class":117},[71,49246,49247],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49248,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49250,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263,49265],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49252,128],{"class":127},[71,49254,90],{"class":89},[71,49256,49008],{"class":127},[71,49258,90],{"class":89},[71,49260,2804],{"class":133},[71,49262,109],{"class":89},[71,49264,45408],{"class":85},[71,49266,204],{"class":89},[71,49268,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,49270,128],{"class":127},[71,49272,90],{"class":89},[71,49274,49008],{"class":127},[71,49276,90],{"class":89},[71,49278,2804],{"class":133},[71,49280,109],{"class":89},[71,49282,49037],{"class":85},[71,49284,204],{"class":89},[20,49286,209],{},[62,49288,49289],{"className":64,"code":44305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,49290,49291,49295],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49292,49293],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49294,4314],{"class":4184},[71,49296,49297],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49298,4375],{"class":4184},[350,49300,49302],{"id":49301},"check-text","Check text",[62,49304,49306],{"className":64,"code":49305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49307,49308,49320,49324,49342],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49309,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49311,34811],{"class":77},[71,49313,82],{"class":81},[71,49315,3683],{"class":99},[71,49317,4177],{"class":103},[71,49319,3689],{"class":99},[71,49321,49322],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49323,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49325,49326,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336,49338,49340],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49327,128],{"class":127},[71,49329,90],{"class":89},[71,49331,49008],{"class":127},[71,49333,90],{"class":89},[71,49335,34832],{"class":133},[71,49337,109],{"class":89},[71,49339,49037],{"class":85},[71,49341,204],{"class":89},[71,49343,49344,49346,49348,49350,49352,49354,49356,49358],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,49345,128],{"class":127},[71,49347,90],{"class":89},[71,49349,49008],{"class":127},[71,49351,90],{"class":89},[71,49353,34832],{"class":133},[71,49355,109],{"class":89},[71,49357,45408],{"class":85},[71,49359,204],{"class":89},[20,49361,209],{},[62,49363,49364],{"className":64,"code":44305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,49365,49366,49370],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49367,49368],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49369,4314],{"class":4184},[71,49371,49372],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49373,4375],{"class":4184},[20,49375,49376,49377,49379],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49378,44937],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49381,49382,49383,60],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[56,49384,49385],{"href":3293},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[288,49387,49389],{"id":49388},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49391,49392],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49394,49395],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[62,49397,49399],{"className":64,"code":49398,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49400,49401,49410,49414,49438],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49402,49403,49405,49407],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49404,2778],{"class":77},[71,49406,82],{"class":81},[71,49408,49409],{"class":117}," 3.5\n",[71,49411,49412],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49413,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49415,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49417,128],{"class":127},[71,49419,90],{"class":89},[71,49421,49008],{"class":127},[71,49423,90],{"class":89},[71,49425,2804],{"class":133},[71,49427,109],{"class":89},[71,49429,171],{"class":89},[71,49431,2517],{"class":85},[71,49433,109],{"class":89},[71,49435,40384],{"class":85},[71,49437,3243],{"class":89},[71,49439,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49458,49460],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,49441,128],{"class":127},[71,49443,90],{"class":89},[71,49445,49008],{"class":127},[71,49447,90],{"class":89},[71,49449,2804],{"class":133},[71,49451,109],{"class":89},[71,49453,171],{"class":89},[71,49455,3775],{"class":85},[71,49457,109],{"class":89},[71,49459,22677],{"class":85},[71,49461,3243],{"class":89},[20,49463,209],{},[62,49465,49466],{"className":64,"code":44305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,49467,49468,49472],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49469,49470],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49471,4314],{"class":4184},[71,49473,49474],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49475,4375],{"class":4184},[20,49477,49478,49479,49481],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49480,40966],{}," conditions.",[20,49483,8638],{},[62,49485,49487],{"className":64,"code":49486,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49488,49489,49497,49501],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49490,49491,49493,49495],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49492,2778],{"class":77},[71,49494,82],{"class":81},[71,49496,49409],{"class":117},[71,49498,49499],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49500,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49502,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513,49515,49517,49519,49521,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49504,128],{"class":127},[71,49506,90],{"class":89},[71,49508,735],{"class":85},[71,49510,90],{"class":89},[71,49512,2804],{"class":133},[71,49514,3993],{"class":89},[71,49516,6746],{"class":81},[71,49518,45408],{"class":85},[71,49520,48368],{"class":4209},[71,49522,49523],{"class":85}," type",[71,49525,90],{"class":89},[71,49527,2804],{"class":133},[71,49529,3993],{"class":89},[71,49531,6746],{"class":81},[71,49533,40384],{"class":85},[71,49535,121],{"class":89},[20,49537,49538],{},"you can write this:",[62,49540,49542],{"className":64,"code":49541,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49543,49544,49552,49556],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49545,49546,49548,49550],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49547,2778],{"class":77},[71,49549,82],{"class":81},[71,49551,49409],{"class":117},[71,49553,49554],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49555,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49557,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49559,128],{"class":127},[71,49561,90],{"class":89},[71,49563,49008],{"class":127},[71,49565,90],{"class":89},[71,49567,2804],{"class":133},[71,49569,109],{"class":89},[71,49571,171],{"class":89},[71,49573,2517],{"class":85},[71,49575,109],{"class":89},[71,49577,40384],{"class":85},[71,49579,3243],{"class":89},[20,49581,49582],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[288,49584,49586,1552,49588],{"id":49585},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49587,44937],{},[15,49589,2632],{},[20,49591,1557,49592,1560,49594,49598],{},[15,49593,44937],{},[56,49595,49596],{"href":2629},[15,49597,2632],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[350,49600,49602],{"id":49601},"typevalue-int",[15,49603,49604],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49606,49607],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[62,49609,49611],{"className":64,"code":49610,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49612,49613,49621],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49614,49615,49617,49619],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49616,2778],{"class":77},[71,49618,82],{"class":81},[71,49620,2918],{"class":117},[71,49622,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637,49639],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49624,128],{"class":127},[71,49626,90],{"class":89},[71,49628,735],{"class":85},[71,49630,90],{"class":89},[71,49632,2804],{"class":133},[71,49634,3993],{"class":89},[71,49636,6746],{"class":81},[71,49638,45408],{"class":85},[71,49640,121],{"class":89},[350,49642,49644],{"id":49643},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49645,49646],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49648,49649],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[62,49651,49653],{"className":64,"code":49652,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49654,49655,49663],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49656,49657,49659,49661],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49658,2778],{"class":77},[71,49660,82],{"class":81},[71,49662,2918],{"class":117},[71,49664,49665,49667,49669,49671,49673,49675,49677,49679],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49666,128],{"class":127},[71,49668,90],{"class":89},[71,49670,49008],{"class":127},[71,49672,90],{"class":89},[71,49674,2804],{"class":133},[71,49676,109],{"class":89},[71,49678,45408],{"class":85},[71,49680,204],{"class":89},[20,49682,49683,49684,49686],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49685,44937],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49688,49689],{},"In everyday code:",[40,49691,49692,49697],{},[43,49693,40119,49694,49696],{},[15,49695,2632],{}," when you need the exact type",[43,49698,40119,49699,49701],{},[15,49700,44937],{}," when you want a practical type check",[288,49703,49705],{"id":49704},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49707,49708,49709,60],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49710,44937],{},[350,49712,49714],{"id":49713},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[62,49716,49718],{"className":64,"code":49717,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49719,49720,49738,49757,49769,49774,49792,49803,49807,49819,49823,49847],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49721,49722,49724,49727,49729,49731,49733,49736],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49723,34975],{"class":768},[71,49725,49726],{"class":34978}," repeat_text",[71,49728,90],{"class":89},[71,49730,34832],{"class":37790},[71,49732,109],{"class":89},[71,49734,49735],{"class":37790}," count",[71,49737,8682],{"class":89},[71,49739,49740,49742,49744,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49741,6736],{"class":4209},[71,49743,8439],{"class":81},[71,49745,49746],{"class":127}," isinstance",[71,49748,90],{"class":89},[71,49750,34832],{"class":133},[71,49752,109],{"class":89},[71,49754,49037],{"class":85},[71,49756,8682],{"class":89},[71,49758,49759,49762,49764,49767],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49760,49761],{"class":4209},"        return",[71,49763,3683],{"class":99},[71,49765,49766],{"class":103},"text must be a string",[71,49768,3689],{"class":99},[71,49770,49771],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,49772,49773],{"class":77},"    \n",[71,49775,49776,49778,49780,49782,49784,49786,49788,49790],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,49777,6736],{"class":4209},[71,49779,8439],{"class":81},[71,49781,49746],{"class":127},[71,49783,90],{"class":89},[71,49785,41389],{"class":133},[71,49787,109],{"class":89},[71,49789,45408],{"class":85},[71,49791,8682],{"class":89},[71,49793,49794,49796,49798,49801],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,49795,49761],{"class":4209},[71,49797,3683],{"class":99},[71,49799,49800],{"class":103},"count must be an integer",[71,49802,3689],{"class":99},[71,49804,49805],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,49806,49773],{"class":77},[71,49808,49809,49811,49814,49816],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,49810,34986],{"class":4209},[71,49812,49813],{"class":77}," text ",[71,49815,40001],{"class":81},[71,49817,49818],{"class":77}," count\n",[71,49820,49821],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,49822,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49824,49825,49827,49829,49832,49834,49836,49839,49841,49843,49845],{"class":73,"line":6775},[71,49826,128],{"class":127},[71,49828,90],{"class":89},[71,49830,49831],{"class":133},"repeat_text",[71,49833,90],{"class":89},[71,49835,3184],{"class":99},[71,49837,49838],{"class":103},"Hi ",[71,49840,3184],{"class":99},[71,49842,109],{"class":89},[71,49844,701],{"class":117},[71,49846,204],{"class":89},[71,49848,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871],{"class":73,"line":11702},[71,49850,128],{"class":127},[71,49852,90],{"class":89},[71,49854,49831],{"class":133},[71,49856,90],{"class":89},[71,49858,3184],{"class":99},[71,49860,49838],{"class":103},[71,49862,3184],{"class":99},[71,49864,109],{"class":89},[71,49866,3683],{"class":99},[71,49868,640],{"class":103},[71,49870,3184],{"class":99},[71,49872,204],{"class":89},[20,49874,209],{},[62,49876,49878],{"className":64,"code":49877,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49879,49880,49885],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49881,49882],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49883,49884],{"class":77},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[71,49886,49887],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49888,49889],{"class":77},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49891,49892],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[350,49894,49896],{"id":49895},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[62,49898,49900],{"className":64,"code":49899,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49901,49902,49934,49938,49954,49969,49986],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,49903,49904,49906,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,49905,2778],{"class":77},[71,49907,82],{"class":81},[71,49909,1740],{"class":89},[71,49911,3184],{"class":99},[71,49913,56],{"class":103},[71,49915,3184],{"class":99},[71,49917,109],{"class":89},[71,49919,3683],{"class":99},[71,49921,176],{"class":103},[71,49923,3184],{"class":99},[71,49925,109],{"class":89},[71,49927,3683],{"class":99},[71,49929,694],{"class":103},[71,49931,3184],{"class":99},[71,49933,1757],{"class":89},[71,49935,49936],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,49937,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,49939,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950,49952],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,49941,7337],{"class":4209},[71,49943,49746],{"class":127},[71,49945,90],{"class":89},[71,49947,2804],{"class":133},[71,49949,109],{"class":89},[71,49951,49037],{"class":85},[71,49953,8682],{"class":89},[71,49955,49956,49958,49960,49962,49965,49967],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,49957,8408],{"class":127},[71,49959,90],{"class":89},[71,49961,3184],{"class":99},[71,49963,49964],{"class":103},"This is text",[71,49966,3184],{"class":99},[71,49968,121],{"class":89},[71,49970,49971,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,49972,49973],{"class":4209},"elif",[71,49975,49746],{"class":127},[71,49977,90],{"class":89},[71,49979,2804],{"class":133},[71,49981,109],{"class":89},[71,49983,22677],{"class":85},[71,49985,8682],{"class":89},[71,49987,49988,49990,49992,49994,49997,49999],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,49989,8408],{"class":127},[71,49991,90],{"class":89},[71,49993,3184],{"class":99},[71,49995,49996],{"class":103},"This is a list",[71,49998,3184],{"class":99},[71,50000,121],{"class":89},[20,50002,209],{},[62,50004,50006],{"className":64,"code":50005,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"This is a list\n",[15,50007,50008],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50009,50010,50013,50015,50017],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50011,50012],{"class":77},"This ",[71,50014,12302],{"class":81},[71,50016,44676],{"class":77},[71,50018,50019],{"class":85},"list\n",[350,50021,50023],{"id":50022},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[62,50025,50027],{"className":64,"code":50026,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50028,50029,50041,50045,50061,50075],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50030,50031,50033,50035,50037,50039],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50032,2778],{"class":77},[71,50034,82],{"class":81},[71,50036,3683],{"class":99},[71,50038,46658],{"class":103},[71,50040,3689],{"class":99},[71,50042,50043],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50044,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,50046,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057,50059],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,50048,7337],{"class":4209},[71,50050,49746],{"class":127},[71,50052,90],{"class":89},[71,50054,2804],{"class":133},[71,50056,109],{"class":89},[71,50058,49037],{"class":85},[71,50060,8682],{"class":89},[71,50062,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,50064,42020],{"class":77},[71,50066,82],{"class":81},[71,50068,45408],{"class":85},[71,50070,90],{"class":89},[71,50072,2804],{"class":133},[71,50074,121],{"class":89},[71,50076,50077,50079,50081,50083],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,50078,8408],{"class":127},[71,50080,90],{"class":89},[71,50082,2569],{"class":133},[71,50084,121],{"class":89},[20,50086,209],{},[62,50088,50089],{"className":64,"code":46744,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,50090,50091],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50092,50093],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50094,46744],{"class":117},[20,50096,50097],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[350,50099,50101],{"id":50100},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[62,50103,50105],{"className":64,"code":50104,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50106,50107,50131,50135,50151],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50108,50109,50111,50113,50115,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50110,2778],{"class":77},[71,50112,82],{"class":81},[71,50114,1456],{"class":89},[71,50116,3184],{"class":99},[71,50118,94],{"class":103},[71,50120,3184],{"class":99},[71,50122,228],{"class":89},[71,50124,3683],{"class":99},[71,50126,12990],{"class":103},[71,50128,3184],{"class":99},[71,50130,252],{"class":89},[71,50132,50133],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50134,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,50136,50137,50139,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,50138,7337],{"class":4209},[71,50140,49746],{"class":127},[71,50142,90],{"class":89},[71,50144,2804],{"class":133},[71,50146,109],{"class":89},[71,50148,86],{"class":85},[71,50150,8682],{"class":89},[71,50152,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161,50163,50165,50167],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,50154,8408],{"class":127},[71,50156,90],{"class":89},[71,50158,2804],{"class":133},[71,50160,4234],{"class":89},[71,50162,3184],{"class":99},[71,50164,94],{"class":103},[71,50166,3184],{"class":99},[71,50168,4222],{"class":89},[20,50170,209],{},[62,50172,50174],{"className":64,"code":50173,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Ana\n",[15,50175,50176],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50177,50178],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50179,50173],{"class":77},[20,50181,50182,50183,50185],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50184,3337],{}," messages later.",[288,50187,4855],{"id":4854},[350,50189,50191,50192,2069,50195],{"id":50190},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50193,50194],{},"\"int\"",[15,50196,2517],{},[20,50198,16757],{},[62,50200,50202],{"className":64,"code":50201,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50203,50204,50212],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50205,50206,50208,50210],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50207,2778],{"class":77},[71,50209,82],{"class":81},[71,50211,2918],{"class":117},[71,50213,50214,50216,50218,50220,50222,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50215,128],{"class":127},[71,50217,90],{"class":89},[71,50219,49008],{"class":127},[71,50221,90],{"class":89},[71,50223,2804],{"class":133},[71,50225,109],{"class":89},[71,50227,3683],{"class":99},[71,50229,2517],{"class":103},[71,50231,3184],{"class":99},[71,50233,204],{"class":89},[20,50235,50236,50238],{},[15,50237,50194],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50240,16769],{},[62,50242,50243],{"className":64,"code":49652,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,50244,50245,50253],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50246,50247,50249,50251],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50248,2778],{"class":77},[71,50250,82],{"class":81},[71,50252,2918],{"class":117},[71,50254,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50256,128],{"class":127},[71,50258,90],{"class":89},[71,50260,49008],{"class":127},[71,50262,90],{"class":89},[71,50264,2804],{"class":133},[71,50266,109],{"class":89},[71,50268,45408],{"class":85},[71,50270,204],{"class":89},[350,50272,50274],{"id":50273},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50276,16757],{},[62,50278,50280],{"className":64,"code":50279,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50281,50282,50290],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50283,50284,50286,50288],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50285,2778],{"class":77},[71,50287,82],{"class":81},[71,50289,34966],{"class":117},[71,50291,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306,50308,50310,50312],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50293,128],{"class":127},[71,50295,90],{"class":89},[71,50297,49008],{"class":127},[71,50299,90],{"class":89},[71,50301,2804],{"class":133},[71,50303,109],{"class":89},[71,50305,1740],{"class":89},[71,50307,2517],{"class":85},[71,50309,109],{"class":89},[71,50311,40384],{"class":85},[71,50313,3331],{"class":89},[20,50315,50316],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50318,16769],{},[62,50320,50322],{"className":64,"code":50321,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50323,50324,50332],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50325,50326,50328,50330],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50327,2778],{"class":77},[71,50329,82],{"class":81},[71,50331,34966],{"class":117},[71,50333,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50335,128],{"class":127},[71,50337,90],{"class":89},[71,50339,49008],{"class":127},[71,50341,90],{"class":89},[71,50343,2804],{"class":133},[71,50345,109],{"class":89},[71,50347,171],{"class":89},[71,50349,2517],{"class":85},[71,50351,109],{"class":89},[71,50353,40384],{"class":85},[71,50355,3243],{"class":89},[350,50357,25893,50359,50361],{"id":50358},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50360,44937],{}," converts a value",[20,50363,19029],{},[62,50365,50367],{"className":64,"code":50366,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50368,50369,50382,50400,50404],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50370,50371,50373,50375,50377,50380],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50372,2778],{"class":77},[71,50374,82],{"class":81},[71,50376,3683],{"class":99},[71,50378,50379],{"class":103},"123",[71,50381,3689],{"class":99},[71,50383,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392,50394,50396,50398],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50385,1102],{"class":77},[71,50387,82],{"class":81},[71,50389,49746],{"class":127},[71,50391,90],{"class":89},[71,50393,2804],{"class":133},[71,50395,109],{"class":89},[71,50397,45408],{"class":85},[71,50399,121],{"class":89},[71,50401,50402],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,50403,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,50405,50406,50408,50410,50412],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,50407,128],{"class":127},[71,50409,90],{"class":89},[71,50411,2594],{"class":133},[71,50413,121],{"class":89},[20,50415,209],{},[62,50417,50418],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,50419,50420],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50421,50422],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50423,4375],{"class":4184},[20,50425,50426,50427,50430,50431,50433],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50428,50429],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50432,50379],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50435,50436,50437,6970],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50438,50439],{},"int(value)",[350,50441,50443],{"id":50442},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50445,50446,50448],{},[15,50447,44937],{}," does not modify anything.",[62,50450,50452],{"className":64,"code":50451,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50453,50454,50466,50470,50488],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50455,50456,50458,50460,50462,50464],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50457,2778],{"class":77},[71,50459,82],{"class":81},[71,50461,3683],{"class":99},[71,50463,13669],{"class":103},[71,50465,3689],{"class":99},[71,50467,50468],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50469,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,50471,50472,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,50473,128],{"class":127},[71,50475,90],{"class":89},[71,50477,49008],{"class":127},[71,50479,90],{"class":89},[71,50481,2804],{"class":133},[71,50483,109],{"class":89},[71,50485,49037],{"class":85},[71,50487,204],{"class":89},[71,50489,50490,50492,50494,50496],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,50491,128],{"class":127},[71,50493,90],{"class":89},[71,50495,2804],{"class":133},[71,50497,121],{"class":89},[20,50499,209],{},[62,50501,50503],{"className":64,"code":50502,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\n100\n",[15,50504,50505,50509],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50506,50507],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50508,4314],{"class":4184},[71,50510,50511],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50512,47395],{"class":117},[20,50514,50515],{},"The value stays the same.",[288,50517,26061],{"id":26060},[20,50519,50520],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[62,50522,50524],{"className":64,"code":50523,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50525,50526,50540,50558,50582],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50527,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50529,128],{"class":127},[71,50531,90],{"class":89},[71,50533,735],{"class":85},[71,50535,90],{"class":89},[71,50537,2804],{"class":133},[71,50539,204],{"class":89},[71,50541,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554,50556],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50543,128],{"class":127},[71,50545,90],{"class":89},[71,50547,49008],{"class":127},[71,50549,90],{"class":89},[71,50551,2804],{"class":133},[71,50553,109],{"class":89},[71,50555,45408],{"class":85},[71,50557,204],{"class":89},[71,50559,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576,50578,50580],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,50561,128],{"class":127},[71,50563,90],{"class":89},[71,50565,49008],{"class":127},[71,50567,90],{"class":89},[71,50569,2804],{"class":133},[71,50571,109],{"class":89},[71,50573,171],{"class":89},[71,50575,2517],{"class":85},[71,50577,109],{"class":89},[71,50579,40384],{"class":85},[71,50581,3243],{"class":89},[71,50583,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,50585,128],{"class":127},[71,50587,90],{"class":89},[71,50589,41909],{"class":127},[71,50591,90],{"class":89},[71,50593,2804],{"class":133},[71,50595,204],{"class":89},[20,50597,50598],{},"These can help when:",[40,50600,50601,50604,50609,50612],{},[43,50602,50603],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[43,50605,50606,50607],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50608,3337],{},[43,50610,50611],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[43,50613,50614,50615,50617],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50616,44937],{}," is invalid",[20,50619,50620],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[40,50622,50623,50637,50643,50648],{},[43,50624,50625,50626,3209,50629,50632,50633,3209,50635],{},"using ",[15,50627,50628],{},"'int'",[15,50630,50631],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50634,2517],{},[15,50636,3775],{},[43,50638,50639,50640,50642],{},"expecting ",[15,50641,44937],{}," to convert a value",[43,50644,50625,50645,50647],{},[15,50646,2632],{}," when inherited types should also match",[43,50649,50650],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50652,50653,50654,60],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[56,50655,50657,50658],{"href":50656},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50659,50660],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[288,50662,2163],{"id":2162},[350,50664,5479,50666,5482],{"id":50665},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50667,44937],{},[20,50669,5485,50670,50672,50673,60],{},[15,50671,3935],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50674,4006],{},[350,50676,2184,50678,50680],{"id":50677},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50679,44937],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50682,50683,50684,60],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50685,50686],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[350,50688,2167,50690,1560,50692,2172],{"id":50689},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50691,44937],{},[15,50693,2632],{},[20,50695,50696,50698,50699,50701],{},[15,50697,2632],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50700,44937],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[350,50703,12813,50705,50707],{"id":50704},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50706,44937],{}," convert a value?",[20,50709,50710],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[288,50712,2221],{"id":2220},[40,50714,50715,50721,50725,50730,50735],{},[43,50716,50717],{},[56,50718,13,50719,3841],{"href":2629},[15,50720,2632],{},[43,50722,50723],{},[56,50724,44929],{"href":49111},[43,50726,50727],{},[56,50728,50729],{"href":3293},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[43,50731,50732],{},[56,50733,50734],{"href":49114},"What is a data type in Python?",[43,50736,50737],{},[56,50738,50657,50739],{"href":50656},[15,50740,50660],{},[2250,50742,50743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":50745},[50746,50747,50749,50752,50756,50757,50762,50768,50776,50777,50787],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":49050,"depth":124,"text":50748},"What isinstance() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":50750},[50751],{"id":49142,"depth":139,"text":49143},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582,"children":50753},[50754,50755],{"id":49230,"depth":139,"text":49231},{"id":49301,"depth":139,"text":49302},{"id":49388,"depth":124,"text":49389},{"id":49585,"depth":124,"text":50758,"children":50759},"isinstance() vs type()",[50760,50761],{"id":49601,"depth":139,"text":49604},{"id":49643,"depth":139,"text":49646},{"id":49704,"depth":124,"text":49705,"children":50763},[50764,50765,50766,50767],{"id":49713,"depth":139,"text":49714},{"id":49895,"depth":139,"text":49896},{"id":50022,"depth":139,"text":50023},{"id":50100,"depth":139,"text":50101},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":50769},[50770,50772,50773,50775],{"id":50190,"depth":139,"text":50771},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50273,"depth":139,"text":50274},{"id":50358,"depth":139,"text":50774},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50442,"depth":139,"text":50443},{"id":26060,"depth":124,"text":26061},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":50778},[50779,50781,50783,50785],{"id":50665,"depth":139,"text":50780},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50677,"depth":139,"text":50782},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50689,"depth":139,"text":50784},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50704,"depth":139,"text":50786},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48951,"description":50788},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50794,"title":50795,"body":50796,"description":52769,"extension":2292,"meta":52770,"navigation":142,"path":52771,"seo":52772,"stem":52773,"__hash__":52774},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50797,"toc":52744},[50798,50801,50806,50811,50825,50828,50830,50905,50910,50914,50919,50922,50936,50938,51104,51117,51119,51121,51136,51139,51142,51155,51157,51255,51259,51265,51268,51277,51279,51314,51319,51340,51345,51350,51382,51385,51442,51446,51452,51455,51508,51510,51550,51553,51621,51624,51675,51682,51686,51692,51777,51783,51789,51838,51841,51844,51894,51896,51901,51905,51955,51959,52006,52010,52087,52091,52156,52159,52163,52168,52173,52185,52187,52206,52212,52215,52234,52239,52266,52273,52277,52283,52286,52381,52384,52387,52436,52441,52443,52447,52482,52485,52542,52552,52555,52589,52592,52594,52598,52601,52605,52608,52612,52615,52619,52632,52636,52641,52643,52693,52705,52707,52741],[10,50799,50795],{"id":50800},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50802,22,50803,50805],{},[15,50804,42491],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50807,35530,50808,50810],{},[15,50809,42491],{}," to count:",[40,50812,50813,50816,50819,50822],{},[43,50814,50815],{},"characters in a string",[43,50817,50818],{},"items in a list or tuple",[43,50820,50821],{},"keys in a dictionary",[43,50823,50824],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50826,50827],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[288,50829,2334],{"id":2333},[62,50831,50833],{"className":64,"code":50832,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50834,50835,50847,50867,50871,50888],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50836,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50838,34811],{"class":77},[71,50840,82],{"class":81},[71,50842,3683],{"class":99},[71,50844,4177],{"class":103},[71,50846,3689],{"class":99},[71,50848,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50850,1735],{"class":77},[71,50852,82],{"class":81},[71,50854,1740],{"class":89},[71,50856,2661],{"class":117},[71,50858,109],{"class":89},[71,50860,8129],{"class":117},[71,50862,109],{"class":89},[71,50864,8134],{"class":117},[71,50866,1757],{"class":89},[71,50868,50869],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,50870,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,50872,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,50874,128],{"class":127},[71,50876,90],{"class":89},[71,50878,2139],{"class":127},[71,50880,90],{"class":89},[71,50882,34832],{"class":133},[71,50884,5697],{"class":89},[71,50886,50887],{"class":1439},"   # 5\n",[71,50889,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898,50900,50902],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,50891,128],{"class":127},[71,50893,90],{"class":89},[71,50895,2139],{"class":127},[71,50897,90],{"class":89},[71,50899,1770],{"class":133},[71,50901,5697],{"class":89},[71,50903,50904],{"class":1439},"  # 3\n",[20,50906,283,50907,50909],{},[15,50908,42491],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[288,50911,50913],{"id":50912},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50915,50916,50918],{},[15,50917,42491],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50920,50921],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[40,50923,50924,50927,50930,50933],{},[43,50925,50926],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[43,50928,50929],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[43,50931,50932],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[43,50934,50935],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50937,2537],{},[62,50939,50941],{"className":64,"code":50940,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50942,50943,50955,50980,51012,51032,51036,51053,51070,51087],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,50944,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,50946,8215],{"class":77},[71,50948,82],{"class":81},[71,50950,3683],{"class":99},[71,50952,1470],{"class":103},[71,50954,3689],{"class":99},[71,50956,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975,50978],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,50958,3950],{"class":77},[71,50960,82],{"class":81},[71,50962,1740],{"class":89},[71,50964,2661],{"class":117},[71,50966,109],{"class":89},[71,50968,8129],{"class":117},[71,50970,109],{"class":89},[71,50972,8134],{"class":117},[71,50974,109],{"class":89},[71,50976,50977],{"class":117}," 40",[71,50979,1757],{"class":89},[71,50981,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,50983,78],{"class":77},[71,50985,82],{"class":81},[71,50987,1456],{"class":89},[71,50989,3184],{"class":99},[71,50991,56],{"class":103},[71,50993,3184],{"class":99},[71,50995,228],{"class":89},[71,50997,165],{"class":117},[71,50999,109],{"class":89},[71,51001,3683],{"class":99},[71,51003,176],{"class":103},[71,51005,3184],{"class":99},[71,51007,228],{"class":89},[71,51009,183],{"class":117},[71,51011,252],{"class":89},[71,51013,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,51015,4154],{"class":77},[71,51017,82],{"class":81},[71,51019,1456],{"class":89},[71,51021,2466],{"class":117},[71,51023,109],{"class":89},[71,51025,37771],{"class":117},[71,51027,109],{"class":89},[71,51029,6330],{"class":117},[71,51031,252],{"class":89},[71,51033,51034],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,51035,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,51037,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048,51050],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,51039,128],{"class":127},[71,51041,90],{"class":89},[71,51043,2139],{"class":127},[71,51045,90],{"class":89},[71,51047,94],{"class":133},[71,51049,5697],{"class":89},[71,51051,51052],{"class":1439},"     # 3\n",[71,51054,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063,51065,51067],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,51056,128],{"class":127},[71,51058,90],{"class":89},[71,51060,2139],{"class":127},[71,51062,90],{"class":89},[71,51064,3980],{"class":133},[71,51066,5697],{"class":89},[71,51068,51069],{"class":1439},"  # 4\n",[71,51071,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,51073,128],{"class":127},[71,51075,90],{"class":89},[71,51077,2139],{"class":127},[71,51079,90],{"class":89},[71,51081,134],{"class":133},[71,51083,5697],{"class":89},[71,51085,51086],{"class":1439},"     # 2\n",[71,51088,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,51090,128],{"class":127},[71,51092,90],{"class":89},[71,51094,2139],{"class":127},[71,51096,90],{"class":89},[71,51098,5694],{"class":133},[71,51100,5697],{"class":89},[71,51102,51103],{"class":1439},"   # 3\n",[20,51105,51106,51107,2518,51111,17186,51115,60],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[56,51108,51110],{"href":51109},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[56,51112,51114],{"href":51113},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[56,51116,59],{"href":58},[288,51118,343],{"id":342},[20,51120,2489],{},[62,51122,51124],{"className":64,"code":51123,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"len(object)\n",[15,51125,51126],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51127,51128,51130,51132,51134],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51129,2139],{"class":127},[71,51131,90],{"class":89},[71,51133,42529],{"class":85},[71,51135,121],{"class":89},[20,51137,51138],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51140,51141],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[40,51143,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152],{},[43,51145,38035],{},[43,51147,38029],{},[43,51149,38032],{},[43,51151,38038],{},[43,51153,51154],{},"a dictionary",[20,51156,2537],{},[62,51158,51160],{"className":64,"code":51159,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51161,51162,51183,51207,51229],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51163,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51165,128],{"class":127},[71,51167,90],{"class":89},[71,51169,2139],{"class":127},[71,51171,90],{"class":89},[71,51173,3184],{"class":99},[71,51175,66],{"class":103},[71,51177,3184],{"class":99},[71,51179,5697],{"class":89},[71,51181,51182],{"class":1439},"      # 6\n",[71,51184,51185,51187,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51186,128],{"class":127},[71,51188,90],{"class":89},[71,51190,2139],{"class":127},[71,51192,3317],{"class":89},[71,51194,3320],{"class":117},[71,51196,109],{"class":89},[71,51198,183],{"class":117},[71,51200,109],{"class":89},[71,51202,701],{"class":117},[71,51204,5072],{"class":89},[71,51206,51052],{"class":1439},[71,51208,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51226],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,51210,128],{"class":127},[71,51212,90],{"class":89},[71,51214,2139],{"class":127},[71,51216,5846],{"class":89},[71,51218,2661],{"class":117},[71,51220,109],{"class":89},[71,51222,8129],{"class":117},[71,51224,51225],{"class":89},")))",[71,51227,51228],{"class":1439},"      # 2\n",[71,51230,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249,51252],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,51232,128],{"class":127},[71,51234,90],{"class":89},[71,51236,2139],{"class":127},[71,51238,5865],{"class":89},[71,51240,3184],{"class":99},[71,51242,1986],{"class":103},[71,51244,3184],{"class":99},[71,51246,228],{"class":89},[71,51248,165],{"class":117},[71,51250,51251],{"class":89},"}))",[71,51253,51254],{"class":1439},"      # 1\n",[288,51256,51258],{"id":51257},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51260,51261,51262,51264],{},"When you use ",[15,51263,42491],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51266,51267],{},"That includes:",[40,51269,51270,51272,51274],{},[43,51271,36269],{},[43,51273,1416],{},[43,51275,51276],{},"punctuation",[20,51278,2537],{},[62,51280,51282],{"className":64,"code":51281,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51283,51284,51297],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51285,51286,51288,51290,51292,51295],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51287,34811],{"class":77},[71,51289,82],{"class":81},[71,51291,3683],{"class":99},[71,51293,51294],{"class":103},"Hi there!",[71,51296,3689],{"class":99},[71,51298,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51300,128],{"class":127},[71,51302,90],{"class":89},[71,51304,2139],{"class":127},[71,51306,90],{"class":89},[71,51308,34832],{"class":133},[71,51310,5697],{"class":89},[71,51312,51313],{"class":1439},"  # 9\n",[20,51315,51316,51317,2172],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51318,2474],{},[40,51320,51321,51327,51331,51334],{},[43,51322,51323,51326],{},[15,51324,51325],{},"H"," = 1",[43,51328,51329,51326],{},[15,51330,36280],{},[43,51332,51333],{},"space = 1",[43,51335,51336,51339],{},[15,51337,51338],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51341,51342,51343],{},"Total: ",[15,51344,2474],{},[20,51346,51347,51348,228],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51349,2449],{},[62,51351,51353],{"className":64,"code":51352,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51354,51355,51364],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51356,51357,51360,51362],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51358,51359],{"class":77},"empty_text ",[71,51361,82],{"class":81},[71,51363,8220],{"class":99},[71,51365,51366,51368,51370,51372,51374,51377,51379],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51367,128],{"class":127},[71,51369,90],{"class":89},[71,51371,2139],{"class":127},[71,51373,90],{"class":89},[71,51375,51376],{"class":133},"empty_text",[71,51378,5697],{"class":89},[71,51380,51381],{"class":1439},"  # 0\n",[20,51383,51384],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[62,51386,51388],{"className":64,"code":51387,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51389,51390,51403,51407,51427],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51391,51392,51395,51397,51399,51401],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51393,51394],{"class":77},"user_name ",[71,51396,82],{"class":81},[71,51398,3683],{"class":99},[71,51400,104],{"class":103},[71,51402,3689],{"class":99},[71,51404,51405],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51406,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,51408,51409,51411,51413,51415,51418,51420,51423,51425],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,51410,7337],{"class":4209},[71,51412,38514],{"class":127},[71,51414,90],{"class":89},[71,51416,51417],{"class":133},"user_name",[71,51419,3993],{"class":89},[71,51421,51422],{"class":81}," >=",[71,51424,701],{"class":117},[71,51426,6731],{"class":89},[71,51428,51429,51431,51433,51435,51438,51440],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,51430,8408],{"class":127},[71,51432,90],{"class":89},[71,51434,3184],{"class":99},[71,51436,51437],{"class":103},"Name is long enough",[71,51439,3184],{"class":99},[71,51441,121],{"class":89},[288,51443,51445],{"id":51444},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51447,51448,51449,51451],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51450,42491],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51453,51454],{},"Example with a list:",[62,51456,51458],{"className":64,"code":51457,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51459,51460,51492],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51461,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486,51488,51490],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51463,13186],{"class":77},[71,51465,82],{"class":81},[71,51467,1740],{"class":89},[71,51469,3184],{"class":99},[71,51471,13203],{"class":103},[71,51473,3184],{"class":99},[71,51475,109],{"class":89},[71,51477,3683],{"class":99},[71,51479,17570],{"class":103},[71,51481,3184],{"class":99},[71,51483,109],{"class":89},[71,51485,3683],{"class":99},[71,51487,13220],{"class":103},[71,51489,3184],{"class":99},[71,51491,1757],{"class":89},[71,51493,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51495,128],{"class":127},[71,51497,90],{"class":89},[71,51499,2139],{"class":127},[71,51501,90],{"class":89},[71,51503,17617],{"class":133},[71,51505,5697],{"class":89},[71,51507,50904],{"class":1439},[20,51509,38044],{},[62,51511,51513],{"className":64,"code":51512,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51514,51515,51532],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51516,51517,51520,51522,51524,51526,51528,51530],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51518,51519],{"class":77},"point ",[71,51521,82],{"class":81},[71,51523,171],{"class":89},[71,51525,2661],{"class":117},[71,51527,109],{"class":89},[71,51529,8129],{"class":117},[71,51531,121],{"class":89},[71,51533,51534,51536,51538,51540,51542,51545,51547],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51535,128],{"class":127},[71,51537,90],{"class":89},[71,51539,2139],{"class":127},[71,51541,90],{"class":89},[71,51543,51544],{"class":133},"point",[71,51546,5697],{"class":89},[71,51548,51549],{"class":1439},"  # 2\n",[20,51551,51552],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[62,51554,51556],{"className":64,"code":51555,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51557,51558,51582,51586,51604],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51559,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578,51580],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51561,1735],{"class":77},[71,51563,82],{"class":81},[71,51565,1740],{"class":89},[71,51567,3184],{"class":99},[71,51569,4414],{"class":103},[71,51571,3184],{"class":99},[71,51573,109],{"class":89},[71,51575,3683],{"class":99},[71,51577,4423],{"class":103},[71,51579,3184],{"class":99},[71,51581,1757],{"class":89},[71,51583,51584],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51585,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,51587,51588,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,51589,7337],{"class":4209},[71,51591,38514],{"class":127},[71,51593,90],{"class":89},[71,51595,1770],{"class":133},[71,51597,3993],{"class":89},[71,51599,38524],{"class":81},[71,51601,165],{"class":117},[71,51603,6731],{"class":89},[71,51605,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,51607,8408],{"class":127},[71,51609,90],{"class":89},[71,51611,1770],{"class":133},[71,51613,4234],{"class":89},[71,51615,3320],{"class":117},[71,51617,20562],{"class":89},[71,51619,51620],{"class":1439},"  # banana\n",[20,51622,51623],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[62,51625,51627],{"className":64,"code":51626,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51628,51629,51652],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51630,51631,51633,51635,51637,51640,51642,51645,51647,51650],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51632,5400],{"class":77},[71,51634,82],{"class":81},[71,51636,1740],{"class":89},[71,51638,51639],{"class":117},"88",[71,51641,109],{"class":89},[71,51643,51644],{"class":117}," 91",[71,51646,109],{"class":89},[71,51648,51649],{"class":117}," 75",[71,51651,1757],{"class":89},[71,51653,51654,51656,51658,51660,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51655,128],{"class":127},[71,51657,90],{"class":89},[71,51659,3184],{"class":99},[71,51661,51662],{"class":103},"Number of scores:",[71,51664,3184],{"class":99},[71,51666,109],{"class":89},[71,51668,38514],{"class":127},[71,51670,90],{"class":89},[71,51672,16502],{"class":133},[71,51674,204],{"class":89},[20,51676,51677,51678,60],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[56,51679,51681],{"href":51680},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[288,51683,51685],{"id":51684},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51687,51688,51689,51691],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51690,42491],{}," counts keys.",[62,51693,51695],{"className":64,"code":51694,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51696,51697,51705,51723,51737,51753,51757,51761],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51698,51699,51701,51703],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51700,12973],{"class":77},[71,51702,82],{"class":81},[71,51704,11600],{"class":89},[71,51706,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717,51719,51721],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51708,11605],{"class":99},[71,51710,94],{"class":103},[71,51712,3184],{"class":99},[71,51714,228],{"class":89},[71,51716,3683],{"class":99},[71,51718,8260],{"class":103},[71,51720,3184],{"class":99},[71,51722,11621],{"class":89},[71,51724,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,51726,11605],{"class":99},[71,51728,242],{"class":103},[71,51730,3184],{"class":99},[71,51732,228],{"class":89},[71,51734,31064],{"class":117},[71,51736,11621],{"class":89},[71,51738,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,51740,11605],{"class":99},[71,51742,20007],{"class":103},[71,51744,3184],{"class":99},[71,51746,228],{"class":89},[71,51748,3683],{"class":99},[71,51750,22362],{"class":103},[71,51752,3689],{"class":99},[71,51754,51755],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,51756,252],{"class":89},[71,51758,51759],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,51760,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,51762,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,51764,128],{"class":127},[71,51766,90],{"class":89},[71,51768,2139],{"class":127},[71,51770,90],{"class":89},[71,51772,13737],{"class":133},[71,51774,5697],{"class":89},[71,51776,50904],{"class":1439},[20,51778,51779,51780,51782],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51781,42491],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51784,51785,51786,51788],{},"For sets, ",[15,51787,42491],{}," counts unique items:",[62,51790,51792],{"className":64,"code":51791,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51793,51794,51822],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51795,51796,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818,51820],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51797,3950],{"class":77},[71,51799,82],{"class":81},[71,51801,1456],{"class":89},[71,51803,3320],{"class":117},[71,51805,109],{"class":89},[71,51807,183],{"class":117},[71,51809,109],{"class":89},[71,51811,701],{"class":117},[71,51813,109],{"class":89},[71,51815,701],{"class":117},[71,51817,109],{"class":89},[71,51819,183],{"class":117},[71,51821,252],{"class":89},[71,51823,51824,51826,51828,51830,51832,51834,51836],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51825,128],{"class":127},[71,51827,90],{"class":89},[71,51829,2139],{"class":127},[71,51831,90],{"class":89},[71,51833,3980],{"class":133},[71,51835,5697],{"class":89},[71,51837,50904],{"class":1439},[20,51839,51840],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51842,51843],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[62,51845,51847],{"className":64,"code":51846,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51848,51849,51857,51861,51879],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51850,51851,51853,51855],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51852,78],{"class":77},[71,51854,82],{"class":81},[71,51856,799],{"class":89},[71,51858,51859],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51860,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,51862,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,51864,7337],{"class":4209},[71,51866,38514],{"class":127},[71,51868,90],{"class":89},[71,51870,134],{"class":133},[71,51872,3993],{"class":89},[71,51874,6746],{"class":81},[71,51876,4165],{"class":117},[71,51878,6731],{"class":89},[71,51880,51881,51883,51885,51887,51890,51892],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,51882,8408],{"class":127},[71,51884,90],{"class":89},[71,51886,3184],{"class":99},[71,51888,51889],{"class":103},"The dictionary is empty",[71,51891,3184],{"class":99},[71,51893,121],{"class":89},[288,51895,41175],{"id":41174},[20,51897,51898,51899,60],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51900,42491],{},[350,51902,51904],{"id":51903},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[62,51906,51908],{"className":64,"code":51907,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51909,51910,51918,51922,51940],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51911,51912,51914,51916],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51913,1735],{"class":77},[71,51915,82],{"class":81},[71,51917,8177],{"class":89},[71,51919,51920],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51921,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,51923,51924,51926,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936,51938],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,51925,7337],{"class":4209},[71,51927,38514],{"class":127},[71,51929,90],{"class":89},[71,51931,1770],{"class":133},[71,51933,3993],{"class":89},[71,51935,6746],{"class":81},[71,51937,4165],{"class":117},[71,51939,6731],{"class":89},[71,51941,51942,51944,51946,51948,51951,51953],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,51943,8408],{"class":127},[71,51945,90],{"class":89},[71,51947,3184],{"class":99},[71,51949,51950],{"class":103},"The list is empty",[71,51952,3184],{"class":99},[71,51954,121],{"class":89},[350,51956,51958],{"id":51957},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[62,51960,51962],{"className":64,"code":51961,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51963,51964,51983],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,51965,51966,51968,51970,51972,51974,51976,51979,51981],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,51967,6491],{"class":77},[71,51969,82],{"class":81},[71,51971,8582],{"class":127},[71,51973,90],{"class":89},[71,51975,3184],{"class":99},[71,51977,51978],{"class":103},"Enter a word: ",[71,51980,3184],{"class":99},[71,51982,121],{"class":89},[71,51984,51985,51987,51989,51991,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,51986,128],{"class":127},[71,51988,90],{"class":89},[71,51990,3184],{"class":99},[71,51992,51993],{"class":103},"Number of characters:",[71,51995,3184],{"class":99},[71,51997,109],{"class":89},[71,51999,38514],{"class":127},[71,52001,90],{"class":89},[71,52003,38519],{"class":133},[71,52005,204],{"class":89},[350,52007,52009],{"id":52008},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[62,52011,52013],{"className":64,"code":52012,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52014,52015,52029,52033,52051,52066,52072],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52016,52017,52020,52022,52024,52027],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52018,52019],{"class":77},"password ",[71,52021,82],{"class":81},[71,52023,3683],{"class":99},[71,52025,52026],{"class":103},"secret123",[71,52028,3689],{"class":99},[71,52030,52031],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52032,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,52034,52035,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,52036,7337],{"class":4209},[71,52038,38514],{"class":127},[71,52040,90],{"class":89},[71,52042,17736],{"class":133},[71,52044,3993],{"class":89},[71,52046,51422],{"class":81},[71,52048,6697],{"class":117},[71,52050,6731],{"class":89},[71,52052,52053,52055,52057,52059,52062,52064],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,52054,8408],{"class":127},[71,52056,90],{"class":89},[71,52058,3184],{"class":99},[71,52060,52061],{"class":103},"Password length is valid",[71,52063,3184],{"class":99},[71,52065,121],{"class":89},[71,52067,52068,52070],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,52069,27553],{"class":4209},[71,52071,6731],{"class":89},[71,52073,52074,52076,52078,52080,52083,52085],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,52075,8408],{"class":127},[71,52077,90],{"class":89},[71,52079,3184],{"class":99},[71,52081,52082],{"class":103},"Password is too short",[71,52084,3184],{"class":99},[71,52086,121],{"class":89},[350,52088,52090],{"id":52089},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[62,52092,52094],{"className":64,"code":52093,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52095,52096,52132],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52097,52098,52101,52103,52105,52107,52110,52112,52114,52116,52119,52121,52123,52125,52128,52130],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52099,52100],{"class":77},"results ",[71,52102,82],{"class":81},[71,52104,1740],{"class":89},[71,52106,3184],{"class":99},[71,52108,52109],{"class":103},"item1",[71,52111,3184],{"class":99},[71,52113,109],{"class":89},[71,52115,3683],{"class":99},[71,52117,52118],{"class":103},"item2",[71,52120,3184],{"class":99},[71,52122,109],{"class":89},[71,52124,3683],{"class":99},[71,52126,52127],{"class":103},"item3",[71,52129,3184],{"class":99},[71,52131,1757],{"class":89},[71,52133,52134,52136,52138,52140,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52154],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52135,128],{"class":127},[71,52137,90],{"class":89},[71,52139,3184],{"class":99},[71,52141,52142],{"class":103},"Items found:",[71,52144,3184],{"class":99},[71,52146,109],{"class":89},[71,52148,38514],{"class":127},[71,52150,90],{"class":89},[71,52152,52153],{"class":133},"results",[71,52155,204],{"class":89},[20,52157,52158],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[288,52160,52162],{"id":52161},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52164,52165,52167],{},[15,52166,42491],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52169,52170,52171,228],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52172,3337],{},[40,52174,52175,52178,52181],{},[43,52176,52177],{},"plain integers",[43,52179,52180],{},"floats",[43,52182,52183],{},[15,52184,4110],{},[20,52186,2537],{},[62,52188,52190],{"className":64,"code":52189,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52191,52192],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52193,52194,52196,52198,52200,52202,52204],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52195,128],{"class":127},[71,52197,90],{"class":89},[71,52199,2139],{"class":127},[71,52201,90],{"class":89},[71,52203,2466],{"class":117},[71,52205,204],{"class":89},[20,52207,52208,52209,52211],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52210,2466],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52213,52214],{},"Another example:",[62,52216,52218],{"className":64,"code":52217,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52219,52220],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52221,52222,52224,52226,52228,52230,52232],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52223,128],{"class":127},[71,52225,90],{"class":89},[71,52227,2139],{"class":127},[71,52229,90],{"class":89},[71,52231,40272],{"class":117},[71,52233,204],{"class":89},[20,52235,52236,52237,228],{},"And with ",[15,52238,4110],{},[62,52240,52242],{"className":64,"code":52241,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52243,52244,52252],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52245,52246,52248,52250],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52247,2778],{"class":77},[71,52249,82],{"class":81},[71,52251,48660],{"class":4184},[71,52253,52254,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52255,128],{"class":127},[71,52257,90],{"class":89},[71,52259,2139],{"class":127},[71,52261,90],{"class":89},[71,52263,2804],{"class":133},[71,52265,204],{"class":89},[20,52267,52268,52269,60],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[56,52270,52272],{"href":52271},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[288,52274,52276],{"id":52275},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52278,52279,52280,52282],{},"Before using ",[15,52281,42491],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52284,52285],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[62,52287,52289],{"className":64,"code":52288,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52290,52291,52299,52303,52313,52327,52345,52363],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52292,52293,52295,52297],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52294,2778],{"class":77},[71,52296,82],{"class":81},[71,52298,48660],{"class":4184},[71,52300,52301],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52302,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,52304,52305,52307,52309,52311],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,52306,128],{"class":127},[71,52308,90],{"class":89},[71,52310,2804],{"class":133},[71,52312,121],{"class":89},[71,52314,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,52316,128],{"class":127},[71,52318,90],{"class":89},[71,52320,735],{"class":85},[71,52322,90],{"class":89},[71,52324,2804],{"class":133},[71,52326,204],{"class":89},[71,52328,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,52330,128],{"class":127},[71,52332,90],{"class":89},[71,52334,49008],{"class":127},[71,52336,90],{"class":89},[71,52338,2804],{"class":133},[71,52340,109],{"class":89},[71,52342,49037],{"class":85},[71,52344,204],{"class":89},[71,52346,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,52348,128],{"class":127},[71,52350,90],{"class":89},[71,52352,49008],{"class":127},[71,52354,90],{"class":89},[71,52356,2804],{"class":133},[71,52358,109],{"class":89},[71,52360,22677],{"class":85},[71,52362,204],{"class":89},[71,52364,52365,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,52366,128],{"class":127},[71,52368,90],{"class":89},[71,52370,49008],{"class":127},[71,52372,90],{"class":89},[71,52374,2804],{"class":133},[71,52376,109],{"class":89},[71,52378,86],{"class":85},[71,52380,204],{"class":89},[20,52382,52383],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52385,52386],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[62,52388,52390],{"className":64,"code":52389,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52391,52392,52404,52408,52422],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52393,52394,52396,52398,52400,52402],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52395,2778],{"class":77},[71,52397,82],{"class":81},[71,52399,3683],{"class":99},[71,52401,4177],{"class":103},[71,52403,3689],{"class":99},[71,52405,52406],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52407,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,52409,52410,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,52411,7337],{"class":4209},[71,52413,21701],{"class":77},[71,52415,12302],{"class":81},[71,52417,8439],{"class":81},[71,52419,4185],{"class":4184},[71,52421,6731],{"class":89},[71,52423,52424,52426,52428,52430,52432,52434],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,52425,8408],{"class":127},[71,52427,90],{"class":89},[71,52429,2139],{"class":127},[71,52431,90],{"class":89},[71,52433,2804],{"class":133},[71,52435,204],{"class":89},[20,52437,52438,52439,60],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[56,52440,8783],{"href":2629},[288,52442,2054],{"id":2053},[20,52444,23212,52445,228],{},[15,52446,42491],{},[40,52448,52449,52457,52465,52473,52479],{},[43,52450,8758,52451,52453,52454],{},[15,52452,42491],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52455,52456],{},"len(5)",[43,52458,8758,52459,52461,52462],{},[15,52460,42491],{}," on a float like ",[15,52463,52464],{},"len(3.14)",[43,52466,8758,52467,52469,52470,52472],{},[15,52468,42491],{}," on ",[15,52471,4110],{}," after a function returns nothing",[43,52474,4915,52475,52478],{},[15,52476,52477],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[43,52480,52481],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52483,52484],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[62,52486,52488],{"className":64,"code":52487,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52489,52490,52526],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52491,52492,52494,52496,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52493,13315],{"class":77},[71,52495,82],{"class":81},[71,52497,1456],{"class":89},[71,52499,3184],{"class":99},[71,52501,94],{"class":103},[71,52503,3184],{"class":99},[71,52505,228],{"class":89},[71,52507,3683],{"class":99},[71,52509,12990],{"class":103},[71,52511,3184],{"class":99},[71,52513,109],{"class":89},[71,52515,3683],{"class":99},[71,52517,242],{"class":103},[71,52519,3184],{"class":99},[71,52521,228],{"class":89},[71,52523,8129],{"class":117},[71,52525,252],{"class":89},[71,52527,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52529,128],{"class":127},[71,52531,90],{"class":89},[71,52533,2139],{"class":127},[71,52535,90],{"class":89},[71,52537,17421],{"class":133},[71,52539,5697],{"class":89},[71,52541,51549],{"class":1439},[20,52543,37722,52544,52546,52547,1560,52549,60],{},[15,52545,630],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52548,15352],{},[15,52550,52551],{},"\"age\"",[20,52553,52554],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[62,52556,52558],{"className":64,"code":52557,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52559,52560,52573],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52561,52562,52564,52566,52568,52571],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52563,34811],{"class":77},[71,52565,82],{"class":81},[71,52567,3683],{"class":99},[71,52569,52570],{"class":103},"a b",[71,52572,3689],{"class":99},[71,52574,52575,52577,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52576,128],{"class":127},[71,52578,90],{"class":89},[71,52580,2139],{"class":127},[71,52582,90],{"class":89},[71,52584,34832],{"class":133},[71,52586,5697],{"class":89},[71,52588,50904],{"class":1439},[20,52590,52591],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[288,52593,2163],{"id":2162},[350,52595,52597],{"id":52596},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52599,52600],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[350,52602,52604],{"id":52603},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52606,52607],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[350,52609,52611],{"id":52610},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52613,52614],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[350,52616,52618],{"id":52617},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52620,52621,52622,52624,52625,3209,52627,52629,52630,60],{},"No. Using ",[15,52623,42491],{}," on an ",[15,52626,2517],{},[15,52628,2521],{}," raises a ",[15,52631,3337],{},[350,52633,52635],{"id":52634},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52637,8102,52638,60],{},[15,52639,52640],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52642,2537],{},[62,52644,52646],{"className":64,"code":52645,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52647,52648,52656,52660,52678],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52649,52650,52652,52654],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52651,8648],{"class":77},[71,52653,82],{"class":81},[71,52655,8177],{"class":89},[71,52657,52658],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52659,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,52661,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,52663,7337],{"class":4209},[71,52665,38514],{"class":127},[71,52667,90],{"class":89},[71,52669,8679],{"class":133},[71,52671,3993],{"class":89},[71,52673,6746],{"class":81},[71,52675,4165],{"class":117},[71,52677,6731],{"class":89},[71,52679,52680,52682,52684,52686,52689,52691],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,52681,8408],{"class":127},[71,52683,90],{"class":89},[71,52685,3184],{"class":99},[71,52687,52688],{"class":103},"Empty list",[71,52690,3184],{"class":99},[71,52692,121],{"class":89},[20,52694,52695,52696,52698,52699,52701,52702,52704],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52697,4006],{}," in an ",[15,52700,7337],{}," statement, but ",[15,52703,42491],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[288,52706,2221],{"id":2220},[40,52708,52709,52713,52717,52721,52726,52730,52736],{},[43,52710,52711],{},[56,52712,51110],{"href":51109},[43,52714,52715],{},[56,52716,51114],{"href":51113},[43,52718,52719],{},[56,52720,59],{"href":58},[43,52722,52723],{},[56,52724,52725],{"href":51680},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[43,52727,52728],{},[56,52729,8783],{"href":2629},[43,52731,52732],{},[56,52733,52735],{"href":52734},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[43,52737,52738],{},[56,52739,52740],{"href":52271},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2250,52742,52743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":52745},[52746,52747,52748,52749,52750,52751,52752,52758,52759,52760,52761,52768],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":50912,"depth":124,"text":50913},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":51257,"depth":124,"text":51258},{"id":51444,"depth":124,"text":51445},{"id":51684,"depth":124,"text":51685},{"id":41174,"depth":124,"text":41175,"children":52753},[52754,52755,52756,52757],{"id":51903,"depth":139,"text":51904},{"id":51957,"depth":139,"text":51958},{"id":52008,"depth":139,"text":52009},{"id":52089,"depth":139,"text":52090},{"id":52161,"depth":124,"text":52162},{"id":52275,"depth":124,"text":52276},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":52762},[52763,52764,52765,52766,52767],{"id":52596,"depth":139,"text":52597},{"id":52603,"depth":139,"text":52604},{"id":52610,"depth":139,"text":52611},{"id":52617,"depth":139,"text":52618},{"id":52634,"depth":139,"text":52635},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50795,"description":52769},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52776,"title":52777,"body":52778,"description":54463,"extension":2292,"meta":54464,"navigation":142,"path":54465,"seo":54466,"stem":54467,"__hash__":54468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52779,"toc":54436},[52780,52783,52797,52803,52805,52859,52864,52868,52884,52887,52901,52907,52909,52912,52931,52947,52949,53025,53027,53064,53075,53077,53080,53141,53143,53176,53179,53185,53189,53192,53317,53319,53378,53386,53439,53441,53468,53474,53484,53488,53491,53496,53548,53550,53576,53582,53636,53638,53663,53666,53690,53696,53698,53702,53704,53761,53763,53771,53773,53795,53797,53850,53852,53876,53880,53882,53921,53923,53931,53937,53941,53993,53995,54021,54029,54033,54038,54047,54049,54115,54117,54149,54153,54158,54160,54174,54177,54250,54252,54278,54280,54284,54291,54295,54302,54306,54309,54311,54364,54366,54392,54396,54405,54407,54433],[10,52781,52777],{"id":52782},"python-list-append-method",[20,52784,2309,52785,52788,52789,52792,52793,52796],{},[15,52786,52787],{},"append()"," method adds ",[30,52790,52791],{},"one item"," to the ",[30,52794,52795],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52798,52799,52800,52802],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[30,52801,4967],{}," create a new list.",[288,52804,3940],{"id":3939},[62,52806,52808],{"className":64,"code":52807,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52809,52810,52830,52844,52854],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52811,52812,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52813,3950],{"class":77},[71,52815,82],{"class":81},[71,52817,1740],{"class":89},[71,52819,3320],{"class":117},[71,52821,109],{"class":89},[71,52823,183],{"class":117},[71,52825,109],{"class":89},[71,52827,701],{"class":117},[71,52829,1757],{"class":89},[71,52831,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52833,3980],{"class":77},[71,52835,60],{"class":89},[71,52837,13664],{"class":133},[71,52839,90],{"class":89},[71,52841,2836],{"class":117},[71,52843,121],{"class":89},[71,52845,52846,52848,52850,52852],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,52847,128],{"class":127},[71,52849,90],{"class":89},[71,52851,3980],{"class":133},[71,52853,121],{"class":89},[71,52855,52856],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,52857,52858],{"class":1439},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52860,283,52861,52863],{},[15,52862,52787],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[288,52865,52867],{"id":52866},"what-append-does","What append() does",[40,52869,52870,52875,52878,52881],{},[43,52871,52872,52874],{},[15,52873,52787],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[43,52876,52877],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[43,52879,52880],{},"It does not create a new list",[43,52882,52883],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52885,52886],{},"This means you can append:",[40,52888,52889,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899],{},[43,52890,3980],{},[43,52892,5644],{},[43,52894,40723],{},[43,52896,5635],{},[43,52898,7591],{},[43,52900,34785],{},[20,52902,52903,52904,60],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[56,52905,52906],{"href":51113},"Python lists explained for beginners",[288,52908,5767],{"id":5766},[20,52910,52911],{},"Basic form:",[62,52913,52915],{"className":64,"code":52914,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52916,52917],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52918,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52920,8679],{"class":77},[71,52922,60],{"class":89},[71,52924,13664],{"class":133},[71,52926,90],{"class":89},[71,52928,23428],{"class":133},[71,52930,121],{"class":89},[40,52932,52933,52938,52943],{},[43,52934,52935,52937],{},[15,52936,8679],{}," is the list you want to change",[43,52939,52940,52942],{},[15,52941,23428],{}," is the value or object to add",[43,52944,12019,52945],{},[15,52946,4110],{},[20,52948,2537],{},[62,52950,52952],{"className":64,"code":52951,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52953,52954,52978,53001,53005,53015],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,52955,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,52957,36365],{"class":77},[71,52959,82],{"class":81},[71,52961,1740],{"class":89},[71,52963,3184],{"class":99},[71,52965,4414],{"class":103},[71,52967,3184],{"class":99},[71,52969,109],{"class":89},[71,52971,3683],{"class":99},[71,52973,4423],{"class":103},[71,52975,3184],{"class":99},[71,52977,1757],{"class":89},[71,52979,52980,52982,52984,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,52981,1102],{"class":77},[71,52983,82],{"class":81},[71,52985,52986],{"class":77}," fruits",[71,52988,60],{"class":89},[71,52990,13664],{"class":133},[71,52992,90],{"class":89},[71,52994,3184],{"class":99},[71,52996,33343],{"class":103},[71,52998,3184],{"class":99},[71,53000,121],{"class":89},[71,53002,53003],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53004,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53006,53007,53009,53011,53013],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53008,128],{"class":127},[71,53010,90],{"class":89},[71,53012,36417],{"class":133},[71,53014,121],{"class":89},[71,53016,53017,53019,53021,53023],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,53018,128],{"class":127},[71,53020,90],{"class":89},[71,53022,2594],{"class":133},[71,53024,121],{"class":89},[20,53026,209],{},[62,53028,53030],{"className":64,"code":53029,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53031,53032,53060],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53033,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53035,4234],{"class":89},[71,53037,100],{"class":99},[71,53039,4414],{"class":103},[71,53041,100],{"class":99},[71,53043,109],{"class":89},[71,53045,231],{"class":99},[71,53047,4423],{"class":103},[71,53049,100],{"class":99},[71,53051,109],{"class":89},[71,53053,231],{"class":99},[71,53055,33343],{"class":103},[71,53057,100],{"class":99},[71,53059,1757],{"class":89},[71,53061,53062],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53063,11916],{"class":4184},[20,53065,53066,53067,53069,53070,53072,53073,60],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53068,52787],{}," updates ",[15,53071,36417],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53074,4110],{},[288,53076,11582],{"id":11581},[20,53078,53079],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[62,53081,53083],{"className":64,"code":53082,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53084,53085,53109,53127,53131],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53086,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53088,13186],{"class":77},[71,53090,82],{"class":81},[71,53092,1740],{"class":89},[71,53094,3184],{"class":99},[71,53096,13203],{"class":103},[71,53098,3184],{"class":99},[71,53100,109],{"class":89},[71,53102,3683],{"class":99},[71,53104,13220],{"class":103},[71,53106,3184],{"class":99},[71,53108,1757],{"class":89},[71,53110,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53112,17617],{"class":77},[71,53114,60],{"class":89},[71,53116,13664],{"class":133},[71,53118,90],{"class":89},[71,53120,3184],{"class":99},[71,53122,17570],{"class":103},[71,53124,3184],{"class":99},[71,53126,121],{"class":89},[71,53128,53129],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53130,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53132,53133,53135,53137,53139],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53134,128],{"class":127},[71,53136,90],{"class":89},[71,53138,17617],{"class":133},[71,53140,121],{"class":89},[20,53142,209],{},[62,53144,53146],{"className":64,"code":53145,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53147,53148],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53149,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170,53172,53174],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53151,4234],{"class":89},[71,53153,100],{"class":99},[71,53155,13203],{"class":103},[71,53157,100],{"class":99},[71,53159,109],{"class":89},[71,53161,231],{"class":99},[71,53163,13220],{"class":103},[71,53165,100],{"class":99},[71,53167,109],{"class":89},[71,53169,231],{"class":99},[71,53171,17570],{"class":103},[71,53173,100],{"class":99},[71,53175,1757],{"class":89},[20,53177,53178],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53180,31204,53181,60],{},[56,53182,53184],{"href":53183},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[288,53186,53188],{"id":53187},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53190,53191],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[62,53193,53195],{"className":64,"code":53194,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53196,53197,53205,53209,53223,53241,53255,53281,53303,53307],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53198,53199,53201,53203],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53200,1735],{"class":77},[71,53202,82],{"class":81},[71,53204,8177],{"class":89},[71,53206,53207],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53208,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53210,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53212,1770],{"class":77},[71,53214,60],{"class":89},[71,53216,13664],{"class":133},[71,53218,90],{"class":89},[71,53220,2661],{"class":117},[71,53222,121],{"class":89},[71,53224,53225,53227,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53226,1770],{"class":77},[71,53228,60],{"class":89},[71,53230,13664],{"class":133},[71,53232,90],{"class":89},[71,53234,3184],{"class":99},[71,53236,4177],{"class":103},[71,53238,3184],{"class":99},[71,53240,121],{"class":89},[71,53242,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,53244,1770],{"class":77},[71,53246,60],{"class":89},[71,53248,13664],{"class":133},[71,53250,90],{"class":89},[71,53252,3935],{"class":4184},[71,53254,121],{"class":89},[71,53256,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,53258,1770],{"class":77},[71,53260,60],{"class":89},[71,53262,13664],{"class":133},[71,53264,5865],{"class":89},[71,53266,3184],{"class":99},[71,53268,94],{"class":103},[71,53270,3184],{"class":99},[71,53272,228],{"class":89},[71,53274,3683],{"class":99},[71,53276,1470],{"class":103},[71,53278,3184],{"class":99},[71,53280,30617],{"class":89},[71,53282,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,53284,1770],{"class":77},[71,53286,60],{"class":89},[71,53288,13664],{"class":133},[71,53290,3317],{"class":89},[71,53292,3320],{"class":117},[71,53294,109],{"class":89},[71,53296,183],{"class":117},[71,53298,109],{"class":89},[71,53300,701],{"class":117},[71,53302,4222],{"class":89},[71,53304,53305],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,53306,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53308,53309,53311,53313,53315],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,53310,128],{"class":127},[71,53312,90],{"class":89},[71,53314,1770],{"class":133},[71,53316,121],{"class":89},[20,53318,209],{},[62,53320,53322],{"className":64,"code":53321,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53323,53324],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53325,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53327,4234],{"class":89},[71,53329,2661],{"class":117},[71,53331,109],{"class":89},[71,53333,231],{"class":99},[71,53335,4177],{"class":103},[71,53337,100],{"class":99},[71,53339,109],{"class":89},[71,53341,4250],{"class":4184},[71,53343,109],{"class":89},[71,53345,1456],{"class":89},[71,53347,100],{"class":99},[71,53349,94],{"class":103},[71,53351,100],{"class":99},[71,53353,228],{"class":89},[71,53355,231],{"class":99},[71,53357,1470],{"class":103},[71,53359,100],{"class":99},[71,53361,53362],{"class":89},"},",[71,53364,1740],{"class":89},[71,53366,3320],{"class":117},[71,53368,109],{"class":89},[71,53370,183],{"class":117},[71,53372,109],{"class":89},[71,53374,701],{"class":117},[71,53376,53377],{"class":89},"]]\n",[20,53379,53380,53381,42285,53383,60],{},"A list added with ",[15,53382,52787],{},[30,53384,53385],{},"one single item",[62,53387,53389],{"className":64,"code":53388,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53390,53391,53407,53425,53429],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53392,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403,53405],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53394,3950],{"class":77},[71,53396,82],{"class":81},[71,53398,1740],{"class":89},[71,53400,3320],{"class":117},[71,53402,109],{"class":89},[71,53404,183],{"class":117},[71,53406,1757],{"class":89},[71,53408,53409,53411,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53410,3980],{"class":77},[71,53412,60],{"class":89},[71,53414,13664],{"class":133},[71,53416,3317],{"class":89},[71,53418,640],{"class":117},[71,53420,109],{"class":89},[71,53422,2788],{"class":117},[71,53424,4222],{"class":89},[71,53426,53427],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53428,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53430,53431,53433,53435,53437],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53432,128],{"class":127},[71,53434,90],{"class":89},[71,53436,3980],{"class":133},[71,53438,121],{"class":89},[20,53440,209],{},[62,53442,53444],{"className":64,"code":53443,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53445,53446],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53447,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53466],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53449,4234],{"class":89},[71,53451,3320],{"class":117},[71,53453,109],{"class":89},[71,53455,183],{"class":117},[71,53457,109],{"class":89},[71,53459,1740],{"class":89},[71,53461,640],{"class":117},[71,53463,109],{"class":89},[71,53465,2788],{"class":117},[71,53467,53377],{"class":89},[20,53469,2616,53470,53473],{},[15,53471,53472],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53475,53476,53477,53483],{},"This is different from ",[56,53478,53480],{"href":53479},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53481,53482],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[288,53485,53487],{"id":53486},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53489,53490],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[350,53492,8758,53494],{"id":53493},"using-append",[15,53495,52787],{},[62,53497,53498],{"className":64,"code":53388,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,53499,53500,53516,53534,53538],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53501,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53503,3950],{"class":77},[71,53505,82],{"class":81},[71,53507,1740],{"class":89},[71,53509,3320],{"class":117},[71,53511,109],{"class":89},[71,53513,183],{"class":117},[71,53515,1757],{"class":89},[71,53517,53518,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53519,3980],{"class":77},[71,53521,60],{"class":89},[71,53523,13664],{"class":133},[71,53525,3317],{"class":89},[71,53527,640],{"class":117},[71,53529,109],{"class":89},[71,53531,2788],{"class":117},[71,53533,4222],{"class":89},[71,53535,53536],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53537,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53539,53540,53542,53544,53546],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53541,128],{"class":127},[71,53543,90],{"class":89},[71,53545,3980],{"class":133},[71,53547,121],{"class":89},[20,53549,209],{},[62,53551,53552],{"className":64,"code":53443,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,53553,53554],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53555,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570,53572,53574],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53557,4234],{"class":89},[71,53559,3320],{"class":117},[71,53561,109],{"class":89},[71,53563,183],{"class":117},[71,53565,109],{"class":89},[71,53567,1740],{"class":89},[71,53569,640],{"class":117},[71,53571,109],{"class":89},[71,53573,2788],{"class":117},[71,53575,53377],{"class":89},[350,53577,8758,53579],{"id":53578},"using-extend",[15,53580,53581],{},"extend()",[62,53583,53585],{"className":64,"code":53584,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53586,53587,53603,53622,53626],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53588,53589,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53590,3950],{"class":77},[71,53592,82],{"class":81},[71,53594,1740],{"class":89},[71,53596,3320],{"class":117},[71,53598,109],{"class":89},[71,53600,183],{"class":117},[71,53602,1757],{"class":89},[71,53604,53605,53607,53609,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53606,3980],{"class":77},[71,53608,60],{"class":89},[71,53610,53611],{"class":133},"extend",[71,53613,3317],{"class":89},[71,53615,640],{"class":117},[71,53617,109],{"class":89},[71,53619,2788],{"class":117},[71,53621,4222],{"class":89},[71,53623,53624],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53625,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53627,53628,53630,53632,53634],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53629,128],{"class":127},[71,53631,90],{"class":89},[71,53633,3980],{"class":133},[71,53635,121],{"class":89},[20,53637,209],{},[62,53639,53641],{"className":64,"code":53640,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53642,53643],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53644,53645,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53646,4234],{"class":89},[71,53648,3320],{"class":117},[71,53650,109],{"class":89},[71,53652,183],{"class":117},[71,53654,109],{"class":89},[71,53656,701],{"class":117},[71,53658,109],{"class":89},[71,53660,2788],{"class":117},[71,53662,1757],{"class":89},[20,53664,53665],{},"The difference:",[40,53667,53668,53674,53680,53685],{},[43,53669,53670,53673],{},[15,53671,53672],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[43,53675,53676,53679],{},[15,53677,53678],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[43,53681,283,53682,53684],{},[15,53683,52787],{}," for one item",[43,53686,283,53687,53689],{},[15,53688,53581],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53691,53692,53693,60],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[56,53694,53695],{"href":53479},"Python list extend() method",[288,53697,4855],{"id":4854},[350,53699,53701],{"id":53700},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53703,25809],{},[62,53705,53707],{"className":64,"code":53706,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53708,53709,53729,53747,53751],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53710,53711,53713,53715,53717,53719,53721,53723,53725,53727],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53712,1735],{"class":77},[71,53714,82],{"class":81},[71,53716,1740],{"class":89},[71,53718,3320],{"class":117},[71,53720,109],{"class":89},[71,53722,183],{"class":117},[71,53724,109],{"class":89},[71,53726,701],{"class":117},[71,53728,1757],{"class":89},[71,53730,53731,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53732,1735],{"class":77},[71,53734,82],{"class":81},[71,53736,6302],{"class":77},[71,53738,60],{"class":89},[71,53740,13664],{"class":133},[71,53742,90],{"class":89},[71,53744,2836],{"class":117},[71,53746,121],{"class":89},[71,53748,53749],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53750,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53752,53753,53755,53757,53759],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53754,128],{"class":127},[71,53756,90],{"class":89},[71,53758,1770],{"class":133},[71,53760,121],{"class":89},[20,53762,209],{},[62,53764,53765],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,53766,53767],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53768,53769],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53770,11916],{"class":4184},[20,53772,12008],{},[40,53774,53775,53780,53786],{},[43,53776,53777,53779],{},[15,53778,52787],{}," changes the list in place",[43,53781,53782,2728,53784],{},[15,53783,52787],{},[15,53785,4110],{},[43,53787,53788,53789,53792,53793],{},"So ",[15,53790,53791],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53794,4110],{},[20,53796,1781],{},[62,53798,53800],{"className":64,"code":53799,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53801,53802,53822,53836,53840],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53803,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53805,1735],{"class":77},[71,53807,82],{"class":81},[71,53809,1740],{"class":89},[71,53811,3320],{"class":117},[71,53813,109],{"class":89},[71,53815,183],{"class":117},[71,53817,109],{"class":89},[71,53819,701],{"class":117},[71,53821,1757],{"class":89},[71,53823,53824,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53825,1770],{"class":77},[71,53827,60],{"class":89},[71,53829,13664],{"class":133},[71,53831,90],{"class":89},[71,53833,2836],{"class":117},[71,53835,121],{"class":89},[71,53837,53838],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53839,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53841,53842,53844,53846,53848],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53843,128],{"class":127},[71,53845,90],{"class":89},[71,53847,1770],{"class":133},[71,53849,121],{"class":89},[20,53851,209],{},[62,53853,53854],{"className":64,"code":53640,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,53855,53856],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53857,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53859,4234],{"class":89},[71,53861,3320],{"class":117},[71,53863,109],{"class":89},[71,53865,183],{"class":117},[71,53867,109],{"class":89},[71,53869,701],{"class":117},[71,53871,109],{"class":89},[71,53873,2788],{"class":117},[71,53875,1757],{"class":89},[350,53877,53879],{"id":53878},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53881,19029],{},[62,53883,53885],{"className":64,"code":53884,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53886,53887,53911],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53888,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905,53907,53909],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53890,32004],{"class":77},[71,53892,82],{"class":81},[71,53894,1740],{"class":89},[71,53896,3320],{"class":117},[71,53898,109],{"class":89},[71,53900,183],{"class":117},[71,53902,13661],{"class":89},[71,53904,13664],{"class":133},[71,53906,90],{"class":89},[71,53908,640],{"class":117},[71,53910,121],{"class":89},[71,53912,53913,53915,53917,53919],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53914,128],{"class":127},[71,53916,90],{"class":89},[71,53918,32023],{"class":133},[71,53920,121],{"class":89},[20,53922,209],{},[62,53924,53925],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,53926,53927],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53928,53929],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53930,11916],{"class":4184},[20,53932,53933,53934,53936],{},"Remember: ",[15,53935,52787],{}," updates the list you already have.",[350,53938,53940],{"id":53939},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[62,53942,53943],{"className":64,"code":53388,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,53944,53945,53961,53979,53983],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,53946,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,53948,3950],{"class":77},[71,53950,82],{"class":81},[71,53952,1740],{"class":89},[71,53954,3320],{"class":117},[71,53956,109],{"class":89},[71,53958,183],{"class":117},[71,53960,1757],{"class":89},[71,53962,53963,53965,53967,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,53964,3980],{"class":77},[71,53966,60],{"class":89},[71,53968,13664],{"class":133},[71,53970,3317],{"class":89},[71,53972,640],{"class":117},[71,53974,109],{"class":89},[71,53976,2788],{"class":117},[71,53978,4222],{"class":89},[71,53980,53981],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,53982,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,53984,53985,53987,53989,53991],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,53986,128],{"class":127},[71,53988,90],{"class":89},[71,53990,3980],{"class":133},[71,53992,121],{"class":89},[20,53994,209],{},[62,53996,53997],{"className":64,"code":53443,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,53998,53999],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54000,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54002,4234],{"class":89},[71,54004,3320],{"class":117},[71,54006,109],{"class":89},[71,54008,183],{"class":117},[71,54010,109],{"class":89},[71,54012,1740],{"class":89},[71,54014,640],{"class":117},[71,54016,109],{"class":89},[71,54018,2788],{"class":117},[71,54020,53377],{"class":89},[20,54022,3502,54023,54026,54027,6970],{},[15,54024,54025],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54028,53581],{},[350,54030,54032],{"id":54031},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54034,54035,54037],{},[15,54036,52787],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54039,54040,54041,60],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[56,54042,54044],{"href":54043},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54045,54046],{},"list.insert()",[20,54048,2537],{},[62,54050,54052],{"className":64,"code":54051,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54053,54054,54078,54101,54105],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54055,54056,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54057,36216],{"class":77},[71,54059,82],{"class":81},[71,54061,1740],{"class":89},[71,54063,3184],{"class":99},[71,54065,56],{"class":103},[71,54067,3184],{"class":99},[71,54069,109],{"class":89},[71,54071,3683],{"class":99},[71,54073,694],{"class":103},[71,54075,3184],{"class":99},[71,54077,1757],{"class":89},[71,54079,54080,54082,54084,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,54081,36269],{"class":77},[71,54083,60],{"class":89},[71,54085,54086],{"class":133},"insert",[71,54088,90],{"class":89},[71,54090,3320],{"class":117},[71,54092,109],{"class":89},[71,54094,3683],{"class":99},[71,54096,176],{"class":103},[71,54098,3184],{"class":99},[71,54100,121],{"class":89},[71,54102,54103],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,54104,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54106,54107,54109,54111,54113],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,54108,128],{"class":127},[71,54110,90],{"class":89},[71,54112,36269],{"class":133},[71,54114,121],{"class":89},[20,54116,209],{},[62,54118,54119],{"className":64,"code":43006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,54120,54121],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54122,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54124,4234],{"class":89},[71,54126,100],{"class":99},[71,54128,56],{"class":103},[71,54130,100],{"class":99},[71,54132,109],{"class":89},[71,54134,231],{"class":99},[71,54136,176],{"class":103},[71,54138,100],{"class":99},[71,54140,109],{"class":89},[71,54142,231],{"class":99},[71,54144,694],{"class":103},[71,54146,100],{"class":99},[71,54148,1757],{"class":89},[288,54150,54152],{"id":54151},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54154,54155,54157],{},[15,54156,52787],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54159,36552],{},[40,54161,54162,54165,54168,54171],{},[43,54163,54164],{},"building a list in a loop",[43,54166,54167],{},"collecting user input",[43,54169,54170],{},"storing results step by step",[43,54172,54173],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54175,54176],{},"Example with a loop:",[62,54178,54180],{"className":64,"code":54179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54181,54182,54191,54195,54216,54235,54239],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54183,54184,54187,54189],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54185,54186],{"class":77},"squares ",[71,54188,82],{"class":81},[71,54190,8177],{"class":89},[71,54192,54193],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,54194,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54196,54197,54199,54201,54203,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,54198,6294],{"class":4209},[71,54200,6724],{"class":77},[71,54202,4216],{"class":4209},[71,54204,54205],{"class":127}," range",[71,54207,90],{"class":89},[71,54209,3320],{"class":117},[71,54211,109],{"class":89},[71,54213,4941],{"class":117},[71,54215,8682],{"class":89},[71,54217,54218,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231,54233],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,54219,54220],{"class":77},"    squares",[71,54222,60],{"class":89},[71,54224,13664],{"class":133},[71,54226,90],{"class":89},[71,54228,2547],{"class":133},[71,54230,40001],{"class":81},[71,54232,2526],{"class":133},[71,54234,121],{"class":89},[71,54236,54237],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,54238,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54240,54241,54243,54245,54248],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,54242,128],{"class":127},[71,54244,90],{"class":89},[71,54246,54247],{"class":133},"squares",[71,54249,121],{"class":89},[20,54251,209],{},[62,54253,54255],{"className":64,"code":54254,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54256,54257],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54258,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269,54272,54274,54276],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54260,4234],{"class":89},[71,54262,3320],{"class":117},[71,54264,109],{"class":89},[71,54266,2788],{"class":117},[71,54268,109],{"class":89},[71,54270,54271],{"class":117}," 9",[71,54273,109],{"class":89},[71,54275,14099],{"class":117},[71,54277,1757],{"class":89},[288,54279,2163],{"id":2162},[350,54281,54283],{"id":54282},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54285,46497,54286,54288,54289,60],{},[15,54287,52787],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54290,4110],{},[350,54292,54294],{"id":54293},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54296,54297,54298,60],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[56,54299,54300],{"href":53479},[15,54301,53581],{},[350,54303,54305],{"id":54304},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54307,54308],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54310,2537],{},[62,54312,54314],{"className":64,"code":54313,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54315,54316,54332,54350,54354],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54317,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326,54328,54330],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54319,78],{"class":77},[71,54321,82],{"class":81},[71,54323,1740],{"class":89},[71,54325,3320],{"class":117},[71,54327,109],{"class":89},[71,54329,183],{"class":117},[71,54331,1757],{"class":89},[71,54333,54334,54336,54338,54340,54342,54344,54346,54348],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,54335,134],{"class":77},[71,54337,60],{"class":89},[71,54339,13664],{"class":133},[71,54341,3317],{"class":89},[71,54343,640],{"class":117},[71,54345,109],{"class":89},[71,54347,2788],{"class":117},[71,54349,4222],{"class":89},[71,54351,54352],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,54353,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54355,54356,54358,54360,54362],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,54357,128],{"class":127},[71,54359,90],{"class":89},[71,54361,134],{"class":133},[71,54363,121],{"class":89},[20,54365,209],{},[62,54367,54368],{"className":64,"code":53443,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,54369,54370],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54371,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54373,4234],{"class":89},[71,54375,3320],{"class":117},[71,54377,109],{"class":89},[71,54379,183],{"class":117},[71,54381,109],{"class":89},[71,54383,1740],{"class":89},[71,54385,640],{"class":117},[71,54387,109],{"class":89},[71,54389,2788],{"class":117},[71,54391,53377],{"class":89},[350,54393,54395],{"id":54394},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54397,54398,54400,54401,54404],{},[15,54399,52787],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54402,54403],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[288,54406,2221],{"id":2220},[40,54408,54409,54414,54418,54423,54427],{},[43,54410,54411],{},[56,54412,54413],{"href":53183},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[43,54415,54416],{},[56,54417,53695],{"href":53479},[43,54419,54420],{},[56,54421,54422],{"href":54043},"Python list insert() method",[43,54424,54425],{},[56,54426,52906],{"href":51113},[43,54428,54429],{},[56,54430,54432],{"href":54431},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2250,54434,54435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":54437},[54438,54439,54440,54441,54442,54443,54449,54455,54456,54462],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":52866,"depth":124,"text":52867},{"id":5766,"depth":124,"text":5767},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":53187,"depth":124,"text":53188},{"id":53486,"depth":124,"text":53487,"children":54444},[54445,54447],{"id":53493,"depth":139,"text":54446},"Using append()",{"id":53578,"depth":139,"text":54448},"Using extend()",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":54450},[54451,54452,54453,54454],{"id":53700,"depth":139,"text":53701},{"id":53878,"depth":139,"text":53879},{"id":53939,"depth":139,"text":53940},{"id":54031,"depth":139,"text":54032},{"id":54151,"depth":124,"text":54152},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":54457},[54458,54459,54460,54461],{"id":54282,"depth":139,"text":54283},{"id":54293,"depth":139,"text":54294},{"id":54304,"depth":139,"text":54305},{"id":54394,"depth":139,"text":54395},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52777,"description":54463},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54470,"title":54471,"body":54472,"description":55716,"extension":2292,"meta":55717,"navigation":142,"path":55718,"seo":55719,"stem":55720,"__hash__":55721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54473,"toc":55681},[54474,54480,54486,54492,54494,54542,54547,54552,54556,54572,54578,54580,54583,54598,54600,54611,54613,54615,54672,54674,54682,54684,54700,54706,54708,54714,54718,54802,54805,54854,54861,54869,54872,54886,54899,54905,54980,54987,54994,55068,55076,55079,55090,55099,55103,55107,55118,55120,55197,55218,55220,55230,55233,55281,55283,55304,55307,55309,55360,55366,55373,55440,55446,55452,55455,55482,55487,55493,55496,55568,55571,55582,55588,55590,55596,55599,55605,55611,55618,55626,55632,55638,55640,55678],[10,54475,54477,54478,11428],{"id":54476},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54479,11427],{},[20,54481,54482,54485],{},[15,54483,54484],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54487,54488,54489,54491],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[30,54490,11440],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[288,54493,3940],{"id":3939},[62,54495,54497],{"className":64,"code":54496,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54498,54499,54519,54529],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54500,54501,54503,54505,54507,54509,54511,54513,54515,54517],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54502,1735],{"class":77},[71,54504,82],{"class":81},[71,54506,1740],{"class":89},[71,54508,3320],{"class":117},[71,54510,109],{"class":89},[71,54512,183],{"class":117},[71,54514,109],{"class":89},[71,54516,701],{"class":117},[71,54518,1757],{"class":89},[71,54520,54521,54523,54525,54527],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,54522,1770],{"class":77},[71,54524,60],{"class":89},[71,54526,11489],{"class":133},[71,54528,369],{"class":89},[71,54530,54531,54533,54535,54537,54539],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,54532,128],{"class":127},[71,54534,90],{"class":89},[71,54536,1770],{"class":133},[71,54538,3993],{"class":89},[71,54540,54541],{"class":1439},"  # []\n",[20,54543,283,54544,54546],{},[15,54545,11427],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[288,54548,291,54550,294],{"id":54549},"what-listclear-does",[15,54551,54484],{},[20,54553,54554,228],{},[15,54555,54484],{},[40,54557,54558,54561,54564,54569],{},[43,54559,54560],{},"Removes every item from a list",[43,54562,54563],{},"Changes the original list in place",[43,54565,54566,54567],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54568,4119],{},[43,54570,54571],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54573,54574,54575,54577],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54576,11427],{},", but it contains no values.",[288,54579,343],{"id":342},[20,54581,54582],{},"Syntax:",[62,54584,54586],{"className":64,"code":54585,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54587,54588],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54589,54590,54592,54594,54596],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54591,8679],{"class":77},[71,54593,60],{"class":89},[71,54595,11489],{"class":133},[71,54597,369],{"class":89},[20,54599,11565],{},[40,54601,54602,54605,54608],{},[43,54603,54604],{},"Call it on a list object",[43,54606,54607],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[43,54609,54610],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[288,54612,11582],{"id":11581},[20,54614,11585],{},[62,54616,54618],{"className":64,"code":54617,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54619,54620,54644,54648,54658,54662],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54621,54622,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640,54642],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54623,3950],{"class":77},[71,54625,82],{"class":81},[71,54627,1740],{"class":89},[71,54629,2661],{"class":117},[71,54631,109],{"class":89},[71,54633,8129],{"class":117},[71,54635,109],{"class":89},[71,54637,8134],{"class":117},[71,54639,109],{"class":89},[71,54641,50977],{"class":117},[71,54643,1757],{"class":89},[71,54645,54646],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,54647,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54649,54650,54652,54654,54656],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,54651,3980],{"class":77},[71,54653,60],{"class":89},[71,54655,11489],{"class":133},[71,54657,369],{"class":89},[71,54659,54660],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,54661,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54663,54664,54666,54668,54670],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,54665,128],{"class":127},[71,54667,90],{"class":89},[71,54669,3980],{"class":133},[71,54671,121],{"class":89},[20,54673,209],{},[62,54675,54676],{"className":64,"code":38425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,54677,54678],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54679,54680],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54681,38425],{"class":89},[20,54683,11791],{},[40,54685,54686,54691,54697],{},[43,54687,54688,54690],{},[15,54689,3980],{}," starts with four items",[43,54692,54693,54696],{},[15,54694,54695],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[43,54698,54699],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54701,54702,54703,60],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[56,54704,52906],{"href":54705},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[288,54707,17533],{"id":17532},[20,54709,54710,2728,54712,60],{},[15,54711,11427],{},[15,54713,4110],{},[20,54715,41035,54716,52802],{},[30,54717,4967],{},[62,54719,54721],{"className":64,"code":54720,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54722,54723,54755,54759,54773,54777,54790],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54724,54725,54727,54729,54731,54733,54735,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745,54747,54749,54751,54753],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54726,1735],{"class":77},[71,54728,82],{"class":81},[71,54730,1740],{"class":89},[71,54732,3184],{"class":99},[71,54734,56],{"class":103},[71,54736,3184],{"class":99},[71,54738,109],{"class":89},[71,54740,3683],{"class":99},[71,54742,176],{"class":103},[71,54744,3184],{"class":99},[71,54746,109],{"class":89},[71,54748,3683],{"class":99},[71,54750,694],{"class":103},[71,54752,3184],{"class":99},[71,54754,1757],{"class":89},[71,54756,54757],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,54758,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54760,54761,54763,54765,54767,54769,54771],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,54762,1102],{"class":77},[71,54764,82],{"class":81},[71,54766,6302],{"class":77},[71,54768,60],{"class":89},[71,54770,11489],{"class":133},[71,54772,369],{"class":89},[71,54774,54775],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,54776,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54778,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,54780,128],{"class":127},[71,54782,90],{"class":89},[71,54784,1770],{"class":133},[71,54786,3993],{"class":89},[71,54788,54789],{"class":1439},"   # []\n",[71,54791,54792,54794,54796,54798,54800],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,54793,128],{"class":127},[71,54795,90],{"class":89},[71,54797,2594],{"class":133},[71,54799,3993],{"class":89},[71,54801,20992],{"class":1439},[20,54803,54804],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[62,54806,54808],{"className":64,"code":54807,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54809,54810,54830,54844],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54811,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54813,1735],{"class":77},[71,54815,82],{"class":81},[71,54817,1740],{"class":89},[71,54819,3320],{"class":117},[71,54821,109],{"class":89},[71,54823,183],{"class":117},[71,54825,109],{"class":89},[71,54827,701],{"class":117},[71,54829,1757],{"class":89},[71,54831,54832,54834,54836,54838,54840,54842],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,54833,1735],{"class":77},[71,54835,82],{"class":81},[71,54837,6302],{"class":77},[71,54839,60],{"class":89},[71,54841,11489],{"class":133},[71,54843,369],{"class":89},[71,54845,54846,54848,54850,54852],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,54847,128],{"class":127},[71,54849,90],{"class":89},[71,54851,1770],{"class":133},[71,54853,121],{"class":89},[20,54855,12024,54856,42285,54858,54860],{},[15,54857,1770],{},[15,54859,4110],{},", not an empty list.",[288,54862,54864,54866,54867],{"id":54863},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54865,11427],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54868,4119],{},[20,54870,54871],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[62,54873,54874],{"className":64,"code":54585,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,54875,54876],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54877,54878,54880,54882,54884],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54879,8679],{"class":77},[71,54881,60],{"class":89},[71,54883,11489],{"class":133},[71,54885,369],{"class":89},[62,54887,54889],{"className":64,"code":54888,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = []\n",[15,54890,54891],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54892,54893,54895,54897],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54894,8648],{"class":77},[71,54896,82],{"class":81},[71,54898,8177],{"class":89},[350,54900,54902,54904],{"id":54901},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54903,11427],{}," empties the same list object",[62,54906,54908],{"className":64,"code":54907,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54909,54910,54930,54938,54942,54952,54956,54968],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,54911,54912,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,54913,2886],{"class":77},[71,54915,82],{"class":81},[71,54917,1740],{"class":89},[71,54919,3320],{"class":117},[71,54921,109],{"class":89},[71,54923,183],{"class":117},[71,54925,109],{"class":89},[71,54927,701],{"class":117},[71,54929,1757],{"class":89},[71,54931,54932,54934,54936],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,54933,2913],{"class":77},[71,54935,82],{"class":81},[71,54937,36301],{"class":77},[71,54939,54940],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,54941,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54943,54944,54946,54948,54950],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,54945,56],{"class":77},[71,54947,60],{"class":89},[71,54949,11489],{"class":133},[71,54951,369],{"class":89},[71,54953,54954],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,54955,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,54957,54958,54960,54962,54964,54966],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,54959,128],{"class":127},[71,54961,90],{"class":89},[71,54963,56],{"class":133},[71,54965,3993],{"class":89},[71,54967,54541],{"class":1439},[71,54969,54970,54972,54974,54976,54978],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,54971,128],{"class":127},[71,54973,90],{"class":89},[71,54975,176],{"class":133},[71,54977,3993],{"class":89},[71,54979,54541],{"class":1439},[20,54981,1557,54982,1560,54984,54986],{},[15,54983,56],{},[15,54985,176],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[350,54988,54990,54993],{"id":54989},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54991,54992],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[62,54995,54997],{"className":64,"code":54996,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54998,54999,55019,55027,55031,55039,55043,55055],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55000,55001,55003,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013,55015,55017],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55002,2886],{"class":77},[71,55004,82],{"class":81},[71,55006,1740],{"class":89},[71,55008,3320],{"class":117},[71,55010,109],{"class":89},[71,55012,183],{"class":117},[71,55014,109],{"class":89},[71,55016,701],{"class":117},[71,55018,1757],{"class":89},[71,55020,55021,55023,55025],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55022,2913],{"class":77},[71,55024,82],{"class":81},[71,55026,36301],{"class":77},[71,55028,55029],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,55030,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55032,55033,55035,55037],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,55034,2886],{"class":77},[71,55036,82],{"class":81},[71,55038,8177],{"class":89},[71,55040,55041],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,55042,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55044,55045,55047,55049,55051,55053],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,55046,128],{"class":127},[71,55048,90],{"class":89},[71,55050,56],{"class":133},[71,55052,3993],{"class":89},[71,55054,54541],{"class":1439},[71,55056,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,55058,128],{"class":127},[71,55060,90],{"class":89},[71,55062,176],{"class":133},[71,55064,3993],{"class":89},[71,55066,55067],{"class":1439},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55069,20887,55070,55072,55073,55075],{},[15,55071,56],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55074,176],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55077,55078],{},"This difference matters when:",[40,55080,55081,55084,55087],{},[43,55082,55083],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[43,55085,55086],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[43,55088,55089],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55091,55092,55093,60],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[56,55094,55096,55097,1709],{"href":55095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55098,12886],{},[288,55100,5298,55101],{"id":12546},[15,55102,11427],{},[20,55104,283,55105,6655],{},[15,55106,11427],{},[40,55108,55109,55112,55115],{},[43,55110,55111],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[43,55113,55114],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[43,55116,55117],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55119,2537],{},[62,55121,55123],{"className":64,"code":55122,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55124,55125,55161,55165,55170,55181,55185],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55126,55127,55130,55132,55134,55136,55139,55141,55143,55145,55148,55150,55152,55154,55157,55159],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55128,55129],{"class":77},"shopping_cart ",[71,55131,82],{"class":81},[71,55133,1740],{"class":89},[71,55135,3184],{"class":99},[71,55137,55138],{"class":103},"milk",[71,55140,3184],{"class":99},[71,55142,109],{"class":89},[71,55144,3683],{"class":99},[71,55146,55147],{"class":103},"bread",[71,55149,3184],{"class":99},[71,55151,109],{"class":89},[71,55153,3683],{"class":99},[71,55155,55156],{"class":103},"eggs",[71,55158,3184],{"class":99},[71,55160,1757],{"class":89},[71,55162,55163],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55164,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55166,55167],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,55168,55169],{"class":1439},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[71,55171,55172,55175,55177,55179],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,55173,55174],{"class":77},"shopping_cart",[71,55176,60],{"class":89},[71,55178,11489],{"class":133},[71,55180,369],{"class":89},[71,55182,55183],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,55184,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55186,55187,55189,55191,55193,55195],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,55188,128],{"class":127},[71,55190,90],{"class":89},[71,55192,55174],{"class":133},[71,55194,3993],{"class":89},[71,55196,54541],{"class":1439},[20,55198,55199,55200,55204,55205,55211,55212,60],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[56,55201,55203],{"href":55202},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[56,55206,55208,1709],{"href":55207},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55209,55210],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[56,55213,55215,1709],{"href":55214},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55216,55217],{},"list.pop()",[288,55219,4855],{"id":4854},[350,55221,55223,55224,2069,55227],{"id":55222},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55225,55226],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55228,55229],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55231,55232],{},"This does not call the method.",[62,55234,55236],{"className":64,"code":55235,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55237,55238,55258,55262,55271],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55239,55240,55242,55244,55246,55248,55250,55252,55254,55256],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55241,1735],{"class":77},[71,55243,82],{"class":81},[71,55245,1740],{"class":89},[71,55247,3320],{"class":117},[71,55249,109],{"class":89},[71,55251,183],{"class":117},[71,55253,109],{"class":89},[71,55255,701],{"class":117},[71,55257,1757],{"class":89},[71,55259,55260],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55261,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55263,55264,55266,55268],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,55265,1770],{"class":77},[71,55267,60],{"class":89},[71,55269,55270],{"class":24868},"clear\n",[71,55272,55273,55275,55277,55279],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,55274,128],{"class":127},[71,55276,90],{"class":89},[71,55278,1770],{"class":133},[71,55280,121],{"class":89},[20,55282,209],{},[62,55284,55286],{"className":64,"code":55285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55287,55288],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55289,55290,55292,55294,55296,55298,55300,55302],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55291,4234],{"class":89},[71,55293,3320],{"class":117},[71,55295,109],{"class":89},[71,55297,183],{"class":117},[71,55299,109],{"class":89},[71,55301,701],{"class":117},[71,55303,1757],{"class":89},[20,55305,55306],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55308,1781],{},[62,55310,55312],{"className":64,"code":55311,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55313,55314,55334,55338,55348],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55315,55316,55318,55320,55322,55324,55326,55328,55330,55332],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55317,1735],{"class":77},[71,55319,82],{"class":81},[71,55321,1740],{"class":89},[71,55323,3320],{"class":117},[71,55325,109],{"class":89},[71,55327,183],{"class":117},[71,55329,109],{"class":89},[71,55331,701],{"class":117},[71,55333,1757],{"class":89},[71,55335,55336],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55337,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55339,55340,55342,55344,55346],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,55341,1770],{"class":77},[71,55343,60],{"class":89},[71,55345,11489],{"class":133},[71,55347,369],{"class":89},[71,55349,55350,55352,55354,55356,55358],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,55351,128],{"class":127},[71,55353,90],{"class":89},[71,55355,1770],{"class":133},[71,55357,3993],{"class":89},[71,55359,54541],{"class":1439},[350,55361,8794,55363,55365],{"id":55362},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55364,11427],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55367,55368,2728,55370,55372],{},[15,55369,11427],{},[15,55371,4110],{},", not the list.",[62,55374,55376],{"className":64,"code":55375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55377,55378,55398,55412,55416,55428],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55379,55380,55382,55384,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394,55396],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55381,1735],{"class":77},[71,55383,82],{"class":81},[71,55385,1740],{"class":89},[71,55387,3320],{"class":117},[71,55389,109],{"class":89},[71,55391,183],{"class":117},[71,55393,109],{"class":89},[71,55395,701],{"class":117},[71,55397,1757],{"class":89},[71,55399,55400,55402,55404,55406,55408,55410],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55401,1102],{"class":77},[71,55403,82],{"class":81},[71,55405,6302],{"class":77},[71,55407,60],{"class":89},[71,55409,11489],{"class":133},[71,55411,369],{"class":89},[71,55413,55414],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,55415,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55417,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,55419,128],{"class":127},[71,55421,90],{"class":89},[71,55423,2594],{"class":133},[71,55425,3993],{"class":89},[71,55427,20992],{"class":1439},[71,55429,55430,55432,55434,55436,55438],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,55431,128],{"class":127},[71,55433,90],{"class":89},[71,55435,1770],{"class":133},[71,55437,3993],{"class":89},[71,55439,54789],{"class":1439},[350,55441,8758,55443,55445],{"id":55442},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55444,11427],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55447,55448,55449,55451],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55450,11427],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55453,55454],{},"This will fail:",[62,55456,55458],{"className":64,"code":55457,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55459,55460,55472],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55461,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55463,34811],{"class":77},[71,55465,82],{"class":81},[71,55467,3683],{"class":99},[71,55469,4177],{"class":103},[71,55471,3689],{"class":99},[71,55473,55474,55476,55478,55480],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55475,34832],{"class":77},[71,55477,60],{"class":89},[71,55479,11489],{"class":133},[71,55481,369],{"class":89},[20,55483,55484,55485,33723],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55486,11427],{},[20,55488,55489,55490,55492],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55491,4110],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55494,55495],{},"Useful checks:",[62,55497,55499],{"className":64,"code":55498,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55500,55501,55511,55525,55539,55548,55558],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55502,55503,55505,55507,55509],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55504,128],{"class":127},[71,55506,90],{"class":89},[71,55508,8679],{"class":133},[71,55510,121],{"class":89},[71,55512,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521,55523],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55514,128],{"class":127},[71,55516,90],{"class":89},[71,55518,735],{"class":85},[71,55520,90],{"class":89},[71,55522,8679],{"class":133},[71,55524,204],{"class":89},[71,55526,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,55528,128],{"class":127},[71,55530,90],{"class":89},[71,55532,12758],{"class":127},[71,55534,90],{"class":89},[71,55536,8679],{"class":133},[71,55538,204],{"class":89},[71,55540,55541,55543,55545],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,55542,43680],{"class":77},[71,55544,82],{"class":81},[71,55546,55547],{"class":77}," my_list\n",[71,55549,55550,55552,55554,55556],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,55551,8679],{"class":77},[71,55553,60],{"class":89},[71,55555,11489],{"class":133},[71,55557,369],{"class":89},[71,55559,55560,55562,55564,55566],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,55561,128],{"class":127},[71,55563,90],{"class":89},[71,55565,30864],{"class":133},[71,55567,121],{"class":89},[20,55569,55570],{},"These can help you see:",[40,55572,55573,55576,55579],{},[43,55574,55575],{},"What the variable currently contains",[43,55577,55578],{},"Whether it is really a list",[43,55580,55581],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55583,55584,55585,60],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[56,55586,55587],{"href":54431},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[288,55589,2163],{"id":2162},[350,55591,12813,55593,55595],{"id":55592},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55594,54484],{}," delete the list?",[20,55597,55598],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[350,55600,12813,55602,55604],{"id":55601},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55603,54484],{}," return a new list?",[20,55606,55607,55608,55610],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55609,4110],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[350,55612,2167,55614,1560,55616,2172],{"id":55613},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55615,11427],{},[15,55617,54992],{},[20,55619,55620,55622,55623,55625],{},[15,55621,11427],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55624,54992],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[350,55627,28448,55629,55631],{"id":55628},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55630,11427],{}," on other types?",[20,55633,55634,55635,55637],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55636,11427],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[288,55639,2221],{"id":2220},[40,55641,55642,55646,55651,55658,55665,55671],{},[43,55643,55644],{},[56,55645,52906],{"href":54705},[43,55647,55648],{},[56,55649,55650],{"href":55202},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[43,55652,55653],{},[56,55654,55655,55656,1709],{"href":55214},"Python list ",[15,55657,12872],{},[43,55659,55660],{},[56,55661,55655,55662,1709],{"href":55207},[15,55663,55664],{},"remove()",[43,55666,55667],{},[56,55668,55655,55669,1709],{"href":55095},[15,55670,12886],{},[43,55672,55673],{},[56,55674,30468,55675,33756],{"href":54431},[15,55676,55677],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2250,55679,55680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":55682},[55683,55684,55686,55687,55688,55689,55696,55697,55705,55715],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":54549,"depth":124,"text":55685},"What list.clear() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":54863,"depth":124,"text":55690,"children":55691},"clear() vs assigning []",[55692,55694],{"id":54901,"depth":139,"text":55693},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54989,"depth":139,"text":55695},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12546,"depth":124,"text":12918},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":55698},[55699,55701,55703],{"id":55222,"depth":139,"text":55700},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55362,"depth":139,"text":55702},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55442,"depth":139,"text":55704},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":55706},[55707,55709,55711,55713],{"id":55592,"depth":139,"text":55708},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55601,"depth":139,"text":55710},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55613,"depth":139,"text":55712},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55628,"depth":139,"text":55714},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54471,"description":55716},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55723,"title":55724,"body":55725,"description":57410,"extension":2292,"meta":57411,"navigation":142,"path":57412,"seo":57413,"stem":57414,"__hash__":57415},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55726,"toc":57378},[55727,55732,55738,55746,55748,55837,55844,55849,55853,55867,55869,55946,55948,56009,56012,56014,56016,56037,56040,56054,56057,56102,56104,56112,56115,56121,56127,56130,56207,56209,56254,56257,56262,56345,56347,56388,56393,56397,56403,56405,56413,56416,56509,56511,56569,56572,56588,56593,56603,56608,56610,56615,56620,56623,56625,56682,56685,56738,56744,56749,56753,56770,56772,56856,56858,56899,56907,56909,56914,56920,56922,56985,56990,57060,57064,57099,57102,57104,57143,57147,57223,57229,57235,57240,57262,57265,57284,57292,57294,57300,57303,57310,57318,57323,57326,57330,57336,57344,57347,57349,57375],[10,55728,54477,55730,11428],{"id":55729},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55731,12886],{},[20,55733,55734,55737],{},[15,55735,55736],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55739,55740,55741,14165,55743,55745],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55742,82],{},[30,55744,4967],{}," make a real copy.",[288,55747,2334],{"id":2333},[62,55749,55751],{"className":64,"code":55750,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55752,55753,55773,55788,55792,55807,55811,55824],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55754,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55756,3950],{"class":77},[71,55758,82],{"class":81},[71,55760,1740],{"class":89},[71,55762,3320],{"class":117},[71,55764,109],{"class":89},[71,55766,183],{"class":117},[71,55768,109],{"class":89},[71,55770,701],{"class":117},[71,55772,1757],{"class":89},[71,55774,55775,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55776,55777],{"class":77},"new_numbers ",[71,55779,82],{"class":81},[71,55781,4599],{"class":77},[71,55783,60],{"class":89},[71,55785,13021],{"class":133},[71,55787,369],{"class":89},[71,55789,55790],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,55791,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55793,55794,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,55795,55796],{"class":77},"new_numbers",[71,55798,60],{"class":89},[71,55800,13664],{"class":133},[71,55802,90],{"class":89},[71,55804,2836],{"class":117},[71,55806,121],{"class":89},[71,55808,55809],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,55810,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55812,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,55814,128],{"class":127},[71,55816,90],{"class":89},[71,55818,3980],{"class":133},[71,55820,3993],{"class":89},[71,55822,55823],{"class":1439},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[71,55825,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,55827,128],{"class":127},[71,55829,90],{"class":89},[71,55831,55796],{"class":133},[71,55833,3993],{"class":89},[71,55835,55836],{"class":1439},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55838,283,55839,55841,55842,60],{},[15,55840,55736],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[30,55843,12960],{},[288,55845,291,55847,294],{"id":55846},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55848,55736],{},[20,55850,55851,228],{},[15,55852,55736],{},[40,55854,55855,55858,55861,55864],{},[43,55856,55857],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[43,55859,55860],{},"Returns that new list",[43,55862,55863],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[43,55865,55866],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55868,2537],{},[62,55870,55872],{"className":64,"code":55871,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55873,55874,55906,55921,55925,55935],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55875,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900,55902,55904],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55877,36365],{"class":77},[71,55879,82],{"class":81},[71,55881,1740],{"class":89},[71,55883,3184],{"class":99},[71,55885,4414],{"class":103},[71,55887,3184],{"class":99},[71,55889,109],{"class":89},[71,55891,3683],{"class":99},[71,55893,4423],{"class":103},[71,55895,3184],{"class":99},[71,55897,109],{"class":89},[71,55899,3683],{"class":99},[71,55901,33343],{"class":103},[71,55903,3184],{"class":99},[71,55905,1757],{"class":89},[71,55907,55908,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55909,55910],{"class":77},"copied_fruits ",[71,55912,82],{"class":81},[71,55914,52986],{"class":77},[71,55916,60],{"class":89},[71,55918,13021],{"class":133},[71,55920,369],{"class":89},[71,55922,55923],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,55924,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,55926,55927,55929,55931,55933],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,55928,128],{"class":127},[71,55930,90],{"class":89},[71,55932,36417],{"class":133},[71,55934,121],{"class":89},[71,55936,55937,55939,55941,55944],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,55938,128],{"class":127},[71,55940,90],{"class":89},[71,55942,55943],{"class":133},"copied_fruits",[71,55945,121],{"class":89},[20,55947,209],{},[62,55949,55951],{"className":64,"code":55950,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55952,55953,55981],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,55954,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973,55975,55977,55979],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,55956,4234],{"class":89},[71,55958,100],{"class":99},[71,55960,4414],{"class":103},[71,55962,100],{"class":99},[71,55964,109],{"class":89},[71,55966,231],{"class":99},[71,55968,4423],{"class":103},[71,55970,100],{"class":99},[71,55972,109],{"class":89},[71,55974,231],{"class":99},[71,55976,33343],{"class":103},[71,55978,100],{"class":99},[71,55980,1757],{"class":89},[71,55982,55983,55985,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,55984,4234],{"class":89},[71,55986,100],{"class":99},[71,55988,4414],{"class":103},[71,55990,100],{"class":99},[71,55992,109],{"class":89},[71,55994,231],{"class":99},[71,55996,4423],{"class":103},[71,55998,100],{"class":99},[71,56000,109],{"class":89},[71,56002,231],{"class":99},[71,56004,33343],{"class":103},[71,56006,100],{"class":99},[71,56008,1757],{"class":89},[20,56010,56011],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[288,56013,343],{"id":342},[20,56015,2489],{},[62,56017,56019],{"className":64,"code":56018,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56020,56021],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56022,56023,56026,56028,56031,56033,56035],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56024,56025],{"class":77},"new_list ",[71,56027,82],{"class":81},[71,56029,56030],{"class":77}," old_list",[71,56032,60],{"class":89},[71,56034,13021],{"class":133},[71,56036,369],{"class":89},[20,56038,56039],{},"How it works:",[40,56041,56042,56048,56051],{},[43,56043,56044,56045,56047],{},"Call ",[15,56046,12886],{}," on an existing list",[43,56049,56050],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[43,56052,56053],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56055,56056],{},"Example with an empty list:",[62,56058,56060],{"className":64,"code":56059,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56061,56062,56071,56087,56091],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56063,56064,56067,56069],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56065,56066],{"class":77},"empty_list ",[71,56068,82],{"class":81},[71,56070,8177],{"class":89},[71,56072,56073,56076,56078,56081,56083,56085],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56074,56075],{"class":77},"new_empty_list ",[71,56077,82],{"class":81},[71,56079,56080],{"class":77}," empty_list",[71,56082,60],{"class":89},[71,56084,13021],{"class":133},[71,56086,369],{"class":89},[71,56088,56089],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,56090,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56092,56093,56095,56097,56100],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,56094,128],{"class":127},[71,56096,90],{"class":89},[71,56098,56099],{"class":133},"new_empty_list",[71,56101,121],{"class":89},[20,56103,209],{},[62,56105,56106],{"className":64,"code":38425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,56107,56108],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56109,56110],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56111,38425],{"class":89},[20,56113,56114],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[288,56116,56118,56119],{"id":56117},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56120,82],{},[20,56122,8758,56123,14165,56125,52802],{},[15,56124,82],{},[30,56126,4967],{},[20,56128,56129],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[62,56131,56133],{"className":64,"code":56132,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56134,56135,56155,56164,56168,56183,56187,56197],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56136,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56138,3950],{"class":77},[71,56140,82],{"class":81},[71,56142,1740],{"class":89},[71,56144,3320],{"class":117},[71,56146,109],{"class":89},[71,56148,183],{"class":117},[71,56150,109],{"class":89},[71,56152,701],{"class":117},[71,56154,1757],{"class":89},[71,56156,56157,56160,56162],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56158,56159],{"class":77},"same_list ",[71,56161,82],{"class":81},[71,56163,44113],{"class":77},[71,56165,56166],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,56167,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56169,56170,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,56171,56172],{"class":77},"same_list",[71,56174,60],{"class":89},[71,56176,13664],{"class":133},[71,56178,90],{"class":89},[71,56180,2836],{"class":117},[71,56182,121],{"class":89},[71,56184,56185],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,56186,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56188,56189,56191,56193,56195],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,56190,128],{"class":127},[71,56192,90],{"class":89},[71,56194,3980],{"class":133},[71,56196,121],{"class":89},[71,56198,56199,56201,56203,56205],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,56200,128],{"class":127},[71,56202,90],{"class":89},[71,56204,56172],{"class":133},[71,56206,121],{"class":89},[20,56208,209],{},[62,56210,56212],{"className":64,"code":56211,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56213,56214,56234],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56215,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56217,4234],{"class":89},[71,56219,3320],{"class":117},[71,56221,109],{"class":89},[71,56223,183],{"class":117},[71,56225,109],{"class":89},[71,56227,701],{"class":117},[71,56229,109],{"class":89},[71,56231,2788],{"class":117},[71,56233,1757],{"class":89},[71,56235,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244,56246,56248,56250,56252],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56237,4234],{"class":89},[71,56239,3320],{"class":117},[71,56241,109],{"class":89},[71,56243,183],{"class":117},[71,56245,109],{"class":89},[71,56247,701],{"class":117},[71,56249,109],{"class":89},[71,56251,2788],{"class":117},[71,56253,1757],{"class":89},[20,56255,56256],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56258,56259,56260,228],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56261,12886],{},[62,56263,56265],{"className":64,"code":56264,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56266,56267,56287,56302,56306,56321,56325,56335],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56268,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56270,3950],{"class":77},[71,56272,82],{"class":81},[71,56274,1740],{"class":89},[71,56276,3320],{"class":117},[71,56278,109],{"class":89},[71,56280,183],{"class":117},[71,56282,109],{"class":89},[71,56284,701],{"class":117},[71,56286,1757],{"class":89},[71,56288,56289,56292,56294,56296,56298,56300],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56290,56291],{"class":77},"copied_numbers ",[71,56293,82],{"class":81},[71,56295,4599],{"class":77},[71,56297,60],{"class":89},[71,56299,13021],{"class":133},[71,56301,369],{"class":89},[71,56303,56304],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,56305,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56307,56308,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,56309,56310],{"class":77},"copied_numbers",[71,56312,60],{"class":89},[71,56314,13664],{"class":133},[71,56316,90],{"class":89},[71,56318,2836],{"class":117},[71,56320,121],{"class":89},[71,56322,56323],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,56324,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56326,56327,56329,56331,56333],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,56328,128],{"class":127},[71,56330,90],{"class":89},[71,56332,3980],{"class":133},[71,56334,121],{"class":89},[71,56336,56337,56339,56341,56343],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,56338,128],{"class":127},[71,56340,90],{"class":89},[71,56342,56310],{"class":133},[71,56344,121],{"class":89},[20,56346,209],{},[62,56348,56350],{"className":64,"code":56349,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56351,56352,56368],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56353,56354,56356,56358,56360,56362,56364,56366],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56355,4234],{"class":89},[71,56357,3320],{"class":117},[71,56359,109],{"class":89},[71,56361,183],{"class":117},[71,56363,109],{"class":89},[71,56365,701],{"class":117},[71,56367,1757],{"class":89},[71,56369,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384,56386],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56371,4234],{"class":89},[71,56373,3320],{"class":117},[71,56375,109],{"class":89},[71,56377,183],{"class":117},[71,56379,109],{"class":89},[71,56381,701],{"class":117},[71,56383,109],{"class":89},[71,56385,2788],{"class":117},[71,56387,1757],{"class":89},[20,56389,56390,56391,60],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[56,56392,52906],{"href":51113},[288,56394,56396],{"id":56395},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56398,56399,12957,56401,60],{},[15,56400,55736],{},[30,56402,12960],{},[20,56404,2436],{},[40,56406,56407,56410],{},[43,56408,56409],{},"The outer list is new",[43,56411,56412],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56414,56415],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[62,56417,56419],{"className":64,"code":56418,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56420,56421,56448,56462,56466,56485,56489,56499],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56422,56423,56425,56427,56430,56432,56434,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444,56446],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56424,12194],{"class":77},[71,56426,82],{"class":81},[71,56428,56429],{"class":89}," [[",[71,56431,3320],{"class":117},[71,56433,109],{"class":89},[71,56435,183],{"class":117},[71,56437,18177],{"class":89},[71,56439,1740],{"class":89},[71,56441,640],{"class":117},[71,56443,109],{"class":89},[71,56445,2788],{"class":117},[71,56447,53377],{"class":89},[71,56449,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458,56460],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56451,14423],{"class":77},[71,56453,82],{"class":81},[71,56455,12269],{"class":77},[71,56457,60],{"class":89},[71,56459,13021],{"class":133},[71,56461,369],{"class":89},[71,56463,56464],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,56465,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56467,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480,56483],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,56469,14442],{"class":77},[71,56471,4234],{"class":89},[71,56473,2449],{"class":117},[71,56475,13661],{"class":89},[71,56477,13664],{"class":133},[71,56479,90],{"class":89},[71,56481,56482],{"class":117},"99",[71,56484,121],{"class":89},[71,56486,56487],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,56488,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56490,56491,56493,56495,56497],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,56492,128],{"class":127},[71,56494,90],{"class":89},[71,56496,12241],{"class":133},[71,56498,121],{"class":89},[71,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,56502,128],{"class":127},[71,56504,90],{"class":89},[71,56506,14442],{"class":133},[71,56508,121],{"class":89},[20,56510,209],{},[62,56512,56514],{"className":64,"code":56513,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56515,56516,56543],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56517,56518,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56519,56520],{"class":89},"[[",[71,56522,3320],{"class":117},[71,56524,109],{"class":89},[71,56526,183],{"class":117},[71,56528,109],{"class":89},[71,56530,1161],{"class":117},[71,56532,18177],{"class":89},[71,56534,1740],{"class":89},[71,56536,640],{"class":117},[71,56538,109],{"class":89},[71,56540,2788],{"class":117},[71,56542,53377],{"class":89},[71,56544,56545,56547,56549,56551,56553,56555,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56546,56520],{"class":89},[71,56548,3320],{"class":117},[71,56550,109],{"class":89},[71,56552,183],{"class":117},[71,56554,109],{"class":89},[71,56556,1161],{"class":117},[71,56558,18177],{"class":89},[71,56560,1740],{"class":89},[71,56562,640],{"class":117},[71,56564,109],{"class":89},[71,56566,2788],{"class":117},[71,56568,53377],{"class":89},[20,56570,56571],{},"Why did both change?",[40,56573,56574,56581],{},[43,56575,56576,1560,56578,56580],{},[15,56577,12241],{},[15,56579,14442],{}," are different outer lists",[43,56582,56583,56584,56587],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56585,56586],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56589,53788,56590,56592],{},[15,56591,12886],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[40,56594,56595,56598,56601],{},[43,56596,56597],{},"Numbers",[43,56599,56600],{},"Strings",[43,56602,40724],{},[20,56604,56605,56606,60],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[56,56607,13902],{"href":13901},[288,56609,17533],{"id":17532},[20,56611,56612,56614],{},[15,56613,55736],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56616,41035,56617,56619],{},[30,56618,4967],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56621,56622],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56624,16769],{},[62,56626,56628],{"className":64,"code":56627,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56629,56630,56654,56668,56672],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56631,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648,56650,56652],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56633,13186],{"class":77},[71,56635,82],{"class":81},[71,56637,1740],{"class":89},[71,56639,3184],{"class":99},[71,56641,13203],{"class":103},[71,56643,3184],{"class":99},[71,56645,109],{"class":89},[71,56647,3683],{"class":99},[71,56649,13220],{"class":103},[71,56651,3184],{"class":99},[71,56653,1757],{"class":89},[71,56655,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56657,13229],{"class":77},[71,56659,82],{"class":81},[71,56661,13234],{"class":77},[71,56663,60],{"class":89},[71,56665,13021],{"class":133},[71,56667,369],{"class":89},[71,56669,56670],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,56671,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56673,56674,56676,56678,56680],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,56675,128],{"class":127},[71,56677,90],{"class":89},[71,56679,13253],{"class":133},[71,56681,121],{"class":89},[20,56683,56684],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[62,56686,56688],{"className":64,"code":56687,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56689,56690,56714,56724,56728],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56691,56692,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56693,13186],{"class":77},[71,56695,82],{"class":81},[71,56697,1740],{"class":89},[71,56699,3184],{"class":99},[71,56701,13203],{"class":103},[71,56703,3184],{"class":99},[71,56705,109],{"class":89},[71,56707,3683],{"class":99},[71,56709,13220],{"class":103},[71,56711,3184],{"class":99},[71,56713,1757],{"class":89},[71,56715,56716,56718,56720,56722],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56717,17617],{"class":77},[71,56719,60],{"class":89},[71,56721,13021],{"class":133},[71,56723,369],{"class":89},[71,56725,56726],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,56727,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56729,56730,56732,56734,56736],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,56731,128],{"class":127},[71,56733,90],{"class":89},[71,56735,17617],{"class":133},[71,56737,121],{"class":89},[20,56739,56740,56741,56743],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56742,12886],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[288,56745,5298,56747],{"id":56746},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56748,55736],{},[20,56750,283,56751,1569],{},[15,56752,55736],{},[40,56754,56755,56758,56761,56764],{},[43,56756,56757],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[43,56759,56760],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[43,56762,56763],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[43,56765,56766,56767],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56768,56769],{},"[:]",[20,56771,2537],{},[62,56773,56775],{"className":64,"code":56774,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56776,56777,56797,56812,56816,56831,56835,56845],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56778,56779,56781,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56780,5400],{"class":77},[71,56782,82],{"class":81},[71,56784,1740],{"class":89},[71,56786,2661],{"class":117},[71,56788,109],{"class":89},[71,56790,8129],{"class":117},[71,56792,109],{"class":89},[71,56794,8134],{"class":117},[71,56796,1757],{"class":89},[71,56798,56799,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56800,56801],{"class":77},"backup_scores ",[71,56803,82],{"class":81},[71,56805,5447],{"class":77},[71,56807,60],{"class":89},[71,56809,13021],{"class":133},[71,56811,369],{"class":89},[71,56813,56814],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,56815,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56817,56818,56820,56822,56824,56826,56829],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,56819,16502],{"class":77},[71,56821,60],{"class":89},[71,56823,13664],{"class":133},[71,56825,90],{"class":89},[71,56827,56828],{"class":117},"40",[71,56830,121],{"class":89},[71,56832,56833],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,56834,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56836,56837,56839,56841,56843],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,56838,128],{"class":127},[71,56840,90],{"class":89},[71,56842,16502],{"class":133},[71,56844,121],{"class":89},[71,56846,56847,56849,56851,56854],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,56848,128],{"class":127},[71,56850,90],{"class":89},[71,56852,56853],{"class":133},"backup_scores",[71,56855,121],{"class":89},[20,56857,209],{},[62,56859,56861],{"className":64,"code":56860,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56862,56863,56883],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56864,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56866,4234],{"class":89},[71,56868,2661],{"class":117},[71,56870,109],{"class":89},[71,56872,8129],{"class":117},[71,56874,109],{"class":89},[71,56876,8134],{"class":117},[71,56878,109],{"class":89},[71,56880,50977],{"class":117},[71,56882,1757],{"class":89},[71,56884,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56886,4234],{"class":89},[71,56888,2661],{"class":117},[71,56890,109],{"class":89},[71,56892,8129],{"class":117},[71,56894,109],{"class":89},[71,56896,8134],{"class":117},[71,56898,1757],{"class":89},[20,56900,56901,56902,60],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[56,56903,55655,56905,1709],{"href":56904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56906,52787],{},[288,56908,4855],{"id":4854},[20,56910,56911,56912,60],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56913,55736],{},[350,56915,8758,56917,56919],{"id":56916},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56918,82],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56921,39327],{},[62,56923,56925],{"className":64,"code":56924,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56926,56927,56947,56955,56969,56973],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56928,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939,56941,56943,56945],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56930,2886],{"class":77},[71,56932,82],{"class":81},[71,56934,1740],{"class":89},[71,56936,3320],{"class":117},[71,56938,109],{"class":89},[71,56940,183],{"class":117},[71,56942,109],{"class":89},[71,56944,701],{"class":117},[71,56946,1757],{"class":89},[71,56948,56949,56951,56953],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,56950,2913],{"class":77},[71,56952,82],{"class":81},[71,56954,36301],{"class":77},[71,56956,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,56958,176],{"class":77},[71,56960,60],{"class":89},[71,56962,13664],{"class":133},[71,56964,90],{"class":89},[71,56966,2836],{"class":117},[71,56968,121],{"class":89},[71,56970,56971],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,56972,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,56974,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,56976,128],{"class":127},[71,56978,90],{"class":89},[71,56980,56],{"class":133},[71,56982,3993],{"class":89},[71,56984,55836],{"class":1439},[20,56986,56987,56988,6970],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56989,12886],{},[62,56991,56993],{"className":64,"code":56992,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56994,56995,57015,57030,57044,57048],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,56996,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,56998,2886],{"class":77},[71,57000,82],{"class":81},[71,57002,1740],{"class":89},[71,57004,3320],{"class":117},[71,57006,109],{"class":89},[71,57008,183],{"class":117},[71,57010,109],{"class":89},[71,57012,701],{"class":117},[71,57014,1757],{"class":89},[71,57016,57017,57019,57021,57024,57026,57028],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57018,2913],{"class":77},[71,57020,82],{"class":81},[71,57022,57023],{"class":77}," a",[71,57025,60],{"class":89},[71,57027,13021],{"class":133},[71,57029,369],{"class":89},[71,57031,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,57033,176],{"class":77},[71,57035,60],{"class":89},[71,57037,13664],{"class":133},[71,57039,90],{"class":89},[71,57041,2836],{"class":117},[71,57043,121],{"class":89},[71,57045,57046],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,57047,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,57049,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,57051,128],{"class":127},[71,57053,90],{"class":89},[71,57055,56],{"class":133},[71,57057,3993],{"class":89},[71,57059,55067],{"class":1439},[350,57061,57063],{"id":57062},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[62,57065,57067],{"className":64,"code":57066,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57068,57069,57089],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57070,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079,57081,57083,57085,57087],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57072,3950],{"class":77},[71,57074,82],{"class":81},[71,57076,1740],{"class":89},[71,57078,3320],{"class":117},[71,57080,109],{"class":89},[71,57082,183],{"class":117},[71,57084,109],{"class":89},[71,57086,701],{"class":117},[71,57088,1757],{"class":89},[71,57090,57091,57093,57095,57097],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57092,3980],{"class":77},[71,57094,60],{"class":89},[71,57096,13021],{"class":133},[71,57098,369],{"class":89},[20,57100,57101],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57103,39390],{},[62,57105,57107],{"className":64,"code":57106,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57108,57109,57129],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57110,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57112,3950],{"class":77},[71,57114,82],{"class":81},[71,57116,1740],{"class":89},[71,57118,3320],{"class":117},[71,57120,109],{"class":89},[71,57122,183],{"class":117},[71,57124,109],{"class":89},[71,57126,701],{"class":117},[71,57128,1757],{"class":89},[71,57130,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57132,56291],{"class":77},[71,57134,82],{"class":81},[71,57136,4599],{"class":77},[71,57138,60],{"class":89},[71,57140,13021],{"class":133},[71,57142,369],{"class":89},[350,57144,57146],{"id":57145},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[62,57148,57150],{"className":64,"code":57149,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57151,57152,57170,57184,57188,57206,57210],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57153,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166,57168],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57155,2886],{"class":77},[71,57157,82],{"class":81},[71,57159,56429],{"class":89},[71,57161,3320],{"class":117},[71,57163,18177],{"class":89},[71,57165,1740],{"class":89},[71,57167,630],{"class":117},[71,57169,53377],{"class":89},[71,57171,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57173,2913],{"class":77},[71,57175,82],{"class":81},[71,57177,57023],{"class":77},[71,57179,60],{"class":89},[71,57181,13021],{"class":133},[71,57183,369],{"class":89},[71,57185,57186],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,57187,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,57189,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202,57204],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,57191,176],{"class":77},[71,57193,4234],{"class":89},[71,57195,2449],{"class":117},[71,57197,13661],{"class":89},[71,57199,13664],{"class":133},[71,57201,90],{"class":89},[71,57203,56482],{"class":117},[71,57205,121],{"class":89},[71,57207,57208],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,57209,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,57211,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,57213,128],{"class":127},[71,57215,90],{"class":89},[71,57217,56],{"class":133},[71,57219,3993],{"class":89},[71,57221,57222],{"class":1439},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57224,57225,57226,57228],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57227,55736],{}," is shallow.",[350,57230,25735,57232,57234],{"id":57231},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57233,12886],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57236,57237,57239],{},[15,57238,12886],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[62,57241,57243],{"className":64,"code":57242,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57244,57245,57257],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57246,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57248,8215],{"class":77},[71,57250,82],{"class":81},[71,57252,3683],{"class":99},[71,57254,104],{"class":103},[71,57256,3689],{"class":99},[71,57258,57259],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57260,57261],{"class":1439},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57263,57264],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[62,57266,57268],{"className":64,"code":57267,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57269,57270],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57271,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57273,128],{"class":127},[71,57275,90],{"class":89},[71,57277,735],{"class":85},[71,57279,90],{"class":89},[71,57281,94],{"class":133},[71,57283,204],{"class":89},[20,57285,57286,57287,57291],{},"You can also review ",[56,57288,57290],{"href":57289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[288,57293,2163],{"id":2162},[350,57295,12813,57297,57299],{"id":57296},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57298,55736],{}," change the original list?",[20,57301,57302],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[350,57304,2167,57306,1560,57308,2172],{"id":57305},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57307,55736],{},[15,57309,82],{},[20,57311,57312,57314,57315,57317],{},[15,57313,12886],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57316,82],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[350,57319,15015,57321,15018],{"id":57320},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57322,55736],{},[20,57324,57325],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[350,57327,57329],{"id":57328},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57331,42282,57332,57335],{},[15,57333,57334],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[350,57337,15015,57339,57341,57342,2172],{"id":57338},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57340,55736],{}," the same as ",[15,57343,56769],{},[20,57345,57346],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[288,57348,2221],{"id":2220},[40,57350,57351,57356,57360,57365,57371],{},[43,57352,57353],{},[56,57354,15077],{"href":57355},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[43,57357,57358],{},[56,57359,52906],{"href":51113},[43,57361,57362],{},[56,57363,57364],{"href":57289},"Creating a list in Python",[43,57366,57367],{},[56,57368,55655,57369,1709],{"href":56904},[15,57370,52787],{},[43,57372,57373],{},[56,57374,13902],{"href":13901},[2250,57376,57377],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":57379},[57380,57381,57383,57384,57386,57387,57388,57390,57398,57409],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":55846,"depth":124,"text":57382},"What list.copy() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":56117,"depth":124,"text":57385},"Why not use =",{"id":56395,"depth":124,"text":56396},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":56746,"depth":124,"text":57389},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":57391},[57392,57394,57395,57396],{"id":56916,"depth":139,"text":57393},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57062,"depth":139,"text":57063},{"id":57145,"depth":139,"text":57146},{"id":57231,"depth":139,"text":57397},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":57399},[57400,57402,57404,57406,57407],{"id":57296,"depth":139,"text":57401},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57305,"depth":139,"text":57403},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57320,"depth":139,"text":57405},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57328,"depth":139,"text":57329},{"id":57338,"depth":139,"text":57408},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55724,"description":57410},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57417,"title":57418,"body":57419,"description":59161,"extension":2292,"meta":59162,"navigation":142,"path":59163,"seo":59164,"stem":59165,"__hash__":59166},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57420,"toc":59120},[57421,57427,57433,57436,57447,57450,57452,57515,57521,57526,57530,57544,57547,57552,57557,57559,57561,57580,57592,57594,57661,57663,57671,57676,57678,57686,57689,57706,57708,57832,57843,57847,57852,57855,57857,57875,57879,57965,57974,57982,58051,58053,58056,58068,58073,58077,58148,58151,58155,58159,58224,58226,58234,58238,58321,58323,58331,58335,58396,58398,58406,58410,58497,58499,58507,58512,58517,58520,58531,58533,58618,58623,58632,58634,58638,58642,58647,58709,58713,58721,58727,58736,58741,58790,58793,58814,58818,58880,58887,58892,58895,58982,58985,58996,58999,59019,59021,59027,59030,59034,59038,59044,59047,59053,59060,59068,59079,59081,59117],[10,57422,54477,57424,11428],{"id":57423},"python-list-count-method",[15,57425,57426],{},"count()",[20,57428,57429,57432],{},[15,57430,57431],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57434,57435],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[40,57437,57438,57441,57444],{},[43,57439,57440],{},"count one specific item",[43,57442,57443],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[43,57445,57446],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57448,57449],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[288,57451,3940],{"id":3939},[62,57453,57455],{"className":64,"code":57454,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57456,57457,57485,57503],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57458,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57460,3950],{"class":77},[71,57462,82],{"class":81},[71,57464,1740],{"class":89},[71,57466,3320],{"class":117},[71,57468,109],{"class":89},[71,57470,183],{"class":117},[71,57472,109],{"class":89},[71,57474,183],{"class":117},[71,57476,109],{"class":89},[71,57478,701],{"class":117},[71,57480,109],{"class":89},[71,57482,183],{"class":117},[71,57484,1757],{"class":89},[71,57486,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57488,1102],{"class":77},[71,57490,82],{"class":81},[71,57492,4599],{"class":77},[71,57494,60],{"class":89},[71,57496,41389],{"class":133},[71,57498,90],{"class":89},[71,57500,630],{"class":117},[71,57502,121],{"class":89},[71,57504,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,57506,128],{"class":127},[71,57508,90],{"class":89},[71,57510,2594],{"class":133},[71,57512,3993],{"class":89},[71,57514,50904],{"class":1439},[20,57516,283,57517,57520],{},[15,57518,57519],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[288,57522,291,57524,294],{"id":57523},"what-listcount-does",[15,57525,57431],{},[20,57527,57528,228],{},[15,57529,57431],{},[40,57531,57532,57535,57538,57541],{},[43,57533,57534],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[43,57536,57537],{},"returns an integer",[43,57539,57540],{},"does not change the original list",[43,57542,57543],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57545,57546],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57548,57549,57550,60],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57551,640],{},[20,57553,57554,57555,60],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57556,2449],{},[288,57558,343],{"id":342},[20,57560,2489],{},[62,57562,57564],{"className":64,"code":57563,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57565,57566],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57567,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57569,8679],{"class":77},[71,57571,60],{"class":89},[71,57573,41389],{"class":133},[71,57575,90],{"class":89},[71,57577,2804],{"class":133},[71,57579,121],{"class":89},[40,57581,57582,57587],{},[43,57583,57584,57586],{},[15,57585,8679],{}," is the list you want to search",[43,57588,57589,57591],{},[15,57590,2804],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57593,2537],{},[62,57595,57597],{"className":64,"code":57596,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57598,57599,57639],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57600,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57602,36216],{"class":77},[71,57604,82],{"class":81},[71,57606,1740],{"class":89},[71,57608,3184],{"class":99},[71,57610,56],{"class":103},[71,57612,3184],{"class":99},[71,57614,109],{"class":89},[71,57616,3683],{"class":99},[71,57618,176],{"class":103},[71,57620,3184],{"class":99},[71,57622,109],{"class":89},[71,57624,3683],{"class":99},[71,57626,56],{"class":103},[71,57628,3184],{"class":99},[71,57630,109],{"class":89},[71,57632,3683],{"class":99},[71,57634,694],{"class":103},[71,57636,3184],{"class":99},[71,57638,1757],{"class":89},[71,57640,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57642,128],{"class":127},[71,57644,90],{"class":89},[71,57646,36269],{"class":133},[71,57648,60],{"class":89},[71,57650,41389],{"class":133},[71,57652,90],{"class":89},[71,57654,3184],{"class":99},[71,57656,56],{"class":103},[71,57658,3184],{"class":99},[71,57660,204],{"class":89},[20,57662,209],{},[62,57664,57665],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,57666,57667],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57668,57669],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57670,17170],{"class":117},[20,57672,57673,57674,60],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57675,2449],{},[288,57677,38148],{"id":38147},[20,57679,57680,57681,57683,57684,60],{},"The return value from ",[15,57682,57426],{}," is always an ",[15,57685,2517],{},[20,57687,57688],{},"Possible results:",[40,57690,57691,57696,57701],{},[43,57692,57693,57695],{},[15,57694,2449],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[43,57697,57698,57700],{},[15,57699,3320],{}," if it appears once",[43,57702,57703,57705],{},[15,57704,630],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57707,2537],{},[62,57709,57711],{"className":64,"code":57710,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57712,57713,57753,57757,57782,57807],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57714,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57716,13186],{"class":77},[71,57718,82],{"class":81},[71,57720,1740],{"class":89},[71,57722,3184],{"class":99},[71,57724,13203],{"class":103},[71,57726,3184],{"class":99},[71,57728,109],{"class":89},[71,57730,3683],{"class":99},[71,57732,13220],{"class":103},[71,57734,3184],{"class":99},[71,57736,109],{"class":89},[71,57738,3683],{"class":99},[71,57740,17570],{"class":103},[71,57742,3184],{"class":99},[71,57744,109],{"class":89},[71,57746,3683],{"class":99},[71,57748,13220],{"class":103},[71,57750,3184],{"class":99},[71,57752,1757],{"class":89},[71,57754,57755],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57756,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,57758,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,57760,128],{"class":127},[71,57762,90],{"class":89},[71,57764,17617],{"class":133},[71,57766,60],{"class":89},[71,57768,41389],{"class":133},[71,57770,90],{"class":89},[71,57772,3184],{"class":99},[71,57774,13220],{"class":103},[71,57776,3184],{"class":99},[71,57778,5697],{"class":89},[71,57780,57781],{"class":1439},"   # 2\n",[71,57783,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,57785,128],{"class":127},[71,57787,90],{"class":89},[71,57789,17617],{"class":133},[71,57791,60],{"class":89},[71,57793,41389],{"class":133},[71,57795,90],{"class":89},[71,57797,3184],{"class":99},[71,57799,13203],{"class":103},[71,57801,3184],{"class":99},[71,57803,5697],{"class":89},[71,57805,57806],{"class":1439},"    # 1\n",[71,57808,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,57810,128],{"class":127},[71,57812,90],{"class":89},[71,57814,17617],{"class":133},[71,57816,60],{"class":89},[71,57818,41389],{"class":133},[71,57820,90],{"class":89},[71,57822,3184],{"class":99},[71,57824,22641],{"class":103},[71,57826,3184],{"class":99},[71,57828,5697],{"class":89},[71,57830,57831],{"class":1439}," # 0\n",[20,57833,57834,57835,57837,57838,57840,57841,60],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57836,57426],{}," works, but using ",[15,57839,4216],{}," is often simpler. See ",[56,57842,6535],{"href":6534},[288,57844,57846],{"id":57845},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57848,57849,57851],{},[15,57850,57431],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57853,57854],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57856,43781],{},[40,57858,57859,57862,57865,57872],{},[43,57860,57861],{},"matches are based on equality",[43,57863,57864],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[43,57866,57867,1560,57869,57871],{},[15,57868,3320],{},[15,57870,3935],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[43,57873,57874],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[350,57876,57878],{"id":57877},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[62,57880,57882],{"className":64,"code":57881,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57883,57884,57917,57941],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57885,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57887,4405],{"class":77},[71,57889,82],{"class":81},[71,57891,1740],{"class":89},[71,57893,3184],{"class":99},[71,57895,4414],{"class":103},[71,57897,3184],{"class":99},[71,57899,109],{"class":89},[71,57901,3683],{"class":99},[71,57903,57904],{"class":103},"Apple",[71,57906,3184],{"class":99},[71,57908,109],{"class":89},[71,57910,3683],{"class":99},[71,57912,4414],{"class":103},[71,57914,3184],{"class":99},[71,57916,1757],{"class":89},[71,57918,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,57920,128],{"class":127},[71,57922,90],{"class":89},[71,57924,4449],{"class":133},[71,57926,60],{"class":89},[71,57928,41389],{"class":133},[71,57930,90],{"class":89},[71,57932,3184],{"class":99},[71,57934,4414],{"class":103},[71,57936,3184],{"class":99},[71,57938,5697],{"class":89},[71,57940,51549],{"class":1439},[71,57942,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,57944,128],{"class":127},[71,57946,90],{"class":89},[71,57948,4449],{"class":133},[71,57950,60],{"class":89},[71,57952,41389],{"class":133},[71,57954,90],{"class":89},[71,57956,3184],{"class":99},[71,57958,57904],{"class":103},[71,57960,3184],{"class":99},[71,57962,5697],{"class":89},[71,57964,27899],{"class":1439},[20,57966,57967,1560,57970,57973],{},[15,57968,57969],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57971,57972],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[350,57975,57977,1560,57979,57981],{"id":57976},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57978,3320],{},[15,57980,3935],{}," can match",[62,57983,57985],{"className":64,"code":57984,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57986,57987,58011,58031],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,57988,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,57990,4154],{"class":77},[71,57992,82],{"class":81},[71,57994,1740],{"class":89},[71,57996,3320],{"class":117},[71,57998,109],{"class":89},[71,58000,4250],{"class":4184},[71,58002,109],{"class":89},[71,58004,183],{"class":117},[71,58006,109],{"class":89},[71,58008,165],{"class":117},[71,58010,1757],{"class":89},[71,58012,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58014,128],{"class":127},[71,58016,90],{"class":89},[71,58018,5694],{"class":133},[71,58020,60],{"class":89},[71,58022,41389],{"class":133},[71,58024,90],{"class":89},[71,58026,3320],{"class":117},[71,58028,5697],{"class":89},[71,58030,51052],{"class":1439},[71,58032,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,58034,128],{"class":127},[71,58036,90],{"class":89},[71,58038,5694],{"class":133},[71,58040,60],{"class":89},[71,58042,41389],{"class":133},[71,58044,90],{"class":89},[71,58046,3935],{"class":4184},[71,58048,5697],{"class":89},[71,58050,50904],{"class":1439},[20,58052,4746],{},[20,58054,58055],{},"In Python:",[40,58057,58058,58063],{},[43,58059,58060],{},[15,58061,58062],{},"True == 1",[43,58064,58065],{},[15,58066,58067],{},"False == 0",[20,58069,53788,58070,58072],{},[15,58071,57426],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[350,58074,58076],{"id":58075},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[62,58078,58080],{"className":64,"code":58079,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58081,58082,58124],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58083,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58085,1735],{"class":77},[71,58087,82],{"class":81},[71,58089,56429],{"class":89},[71,58091,3320],{"class":117},[71,58093,109],{"class":89},[71,58095,183],{"class":117},[71,58097,18177],{"class":89},[71,58099,1740],{"class":89},[71,58101,640],{"class":117},[71,58103,109],{"class":89},[71,58105,2788],{"class":117},[71,58107,18177],{"class":89},[71,58109,1740],{"class":89},[71,58111,3320],{"class":117},[71,58113,109],{"class":89},[71,58115,183],{"class":117},[71,58117,18177],{"class":89},[71,58119,1740],{"class":89},[71,58121,3320],{"class":117},[71,58123,53377],{"class":89},[71,58125,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58127,128],{"class":127},[71,58129,90],{"class":89},[71,58131,1770],{"class":133},[71,58133,60],{"class":89},[71,58135,41389],{"class":133},[71,58137,3317],{"class":89},[71,58139,3320],{"class":117},[71,58141,109],{"class":89},[71,58143,183],{"class":117},[71,58145,5072],{"class":89},[71,58147,51549],{"class":1439},[20,58149,58150],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[288,58152,58154],{"id":58153},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[350,58156,58158],{"id":58157},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[62,58160,58162],{"className":64,"code":58161,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58163,58164,58192,58210,58214],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58165,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58167,3950],{"class":77},[71,58169,82],{"class":81},[71,58171,1740],{"class":89},[71,58173,2661],{"class":117},[71,58175,109],{"class":89},[71,58177,8129],{"class":117},[71,58179,109],{"class":89},[71,58181,6341],{"class":117},[71,58183,109],{"class":89},[71,58185,8134],{"class":117},[71,58187,109],{"class":89},[71,58189,6341],{"class":117},[71,58191,1757],{"class":89},[71,58193,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58195,1102],{"class":77},[71,58197,82],{"class":81},[71,58199,4599],{"class":77},[71,58201,60],{"class":89},[71,58203,41389],{"class":133},[71,58205,90],{"class":89},[71,58207,2661],{"class":117},[71,58209,121],{"class":89},[71,58211,58212],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,58213,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,58215,58216,58218,58220,58222],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,58217,128],{"class":127},[71,58219,90],{"class":89},[71,58221,2594],{"class":133},[71,58223,121],{"class":89},[20,58225,209],{},[62,58227,58228],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,58229,58230],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58231,58232],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58233,46749],{"class":117},[350,58235,58237],{"id":58236},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[62,58239,58241],{"className":64,"code":58240,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58242,58243,58285,58307,58311],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58244,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58281,58283],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58246,4405],{"class":77},[71,58248,82],{"class":81},[71,58250,1740],{"class":89},[71,58252,3184],{"class":99},[71,58254,37174],{"class":103},[71,58256,3184],{"class":99},[71,58258,109],{"class":89},[71,58260,3683],{"class":99},[71,58262,58263],{"class":103},"dog",[71,58265,3184],{"class":99},[71,58267,109],{"class":89},[71,58269,3683],{"class":99},[71,58271,37174],{"class":103},[71,58273,3184],{"class":99},[71,58275,109],{"class":89},[71,58277,3683],{"class":99},[71,58279,58280],{"class":103},"bird",[71,58282,3184],{"class":99},[71,58284,1757],{"class":89},[71,58286,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58288,1102],{"class":77},[71,58290,82],{"class":81},[71,58292,6505],{"class":77},[71,58294,60],{"class":89},[71,58296,41389],{"class":133},[71,58298,90],{"class":89},[71,58300,3184],{"class":99},[71,58302,37174],{"class":103},[71,58304,3184],{"class":99},[71,58306,121],{"class":89},[71,58308,58309],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,58310,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,58312,58313,58315,58317,58319],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,58314,128],{"class":127},[71,58316,90],{"class":89},[71,58318,2594],{"class":133},[71,58320,121],{"class":89},[20,58322,209],{},[62,58324,58325],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,58326,58327],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58328,58329],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58330,17170],{"class":117},[350,58332,58334],{"id":58333},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[62,58336,58338],{"className":64,"code":58337,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58339,58340,58364,58382,58386],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58341,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58343,3950],{"class":77},[71,58345,82],{"class":81},[71,58347,1740],{"class":89},[71,58349,3320],{"class":117},[71,58351,109],{"class":89},[71,58353,183],{"class":117},[71,58355,109],{"class":89},[71,58357,701],{"class":117},[71,58359,109],{"class":89},[71,58361,2788],{"class":117},[71,58363,1757],{"class":89},[71,58365,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58367,1102],{"class":77},[71,58369,82],{"class":81},[71,58371,4599],{"class":77},[71,58373,60],{"class":89},[71,58375,41389],{"class":133},[71,58377,90],{"class":89},[71,58379,2466],{"class":117},[71,58381,121],{"class":89},[71,58383,58384],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,58385,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,58387,58388,58390,58392,58394],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,58389,128],{"class":127},[71,58391,90],{"class":89},[71,58393,2594],{"class":133},[71,58395,121],{"class":89},[20,58397,209],{},[62,58399,58400],{"className":64,"code":47384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,58401,58402],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58403,58404],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58405,47384],{"class":117},[350,58407,58409],{"id":58408},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[62,58411,58413],{"className":64,"code":58412,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58414,58415,58461,58483,58487],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58416,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58418,78],{"class":77},[71,58420,82],{"class":81},[71,58422,56429],{"class":89},[71,58424,3320],{"class":117},[71,58426,109],{"class":89},[71,58428,183],{"class":117},[71,58430,18177],{"class":89},[71,58432,1740],{"class":89},[71,58434,3320],{"class":117},[71,58436,109],{"class":89},[71,58438,183],{"class":117},[71,58440,18177],{"class":89},[71,58442,1740],{"class":89},[71,58444,630],{"class":117},[71,58446,109],{"class":89},[71,58448,701],{"class":117},[71,58450,18177],{"class":89},[71,58452,1740],{"class":89},[71,58454,3320],{"class":117},[71,58456,109],{"class":89},[71,58458,183],{"class":117},[71,58460,53377],{"class":89},[71,58462,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58464,1102],{"class":77},[71,58466,82],{"class":81},[71,58468,14678],{"class":77},[71,58470,60],{"class":89},[71,58472,41389],{"class":133},[71,58474,3317],{"class":89},[71,58476,3320],{"class":117},[71,58478,109],{"class":89},[71,58480,183],{"class":117},[71,58482,4222],{"class":89},[71,58484,58485],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,58486,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,58488,58489,58491,58493,58495],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,58490,128],{"class":127},[71,58492,90],{"class":89},[71,58494,2594],{"class":133},[71,58496,121],{"class":89},[20,58498,209],{},[62,58500,58501],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,58502,58503],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58504,58505],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58506,46749],{"class":117},[288,58508,5298,58510],{"id":58509},"when-to-use-count",[15,58511,57426],{},[20,58513,283,58514,58516],{},[15,58515,57426],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58518,58519],{},"Good use cases:",[40,58521,58522,58525,58528],{},[43,58523,58524],{},"counting one specific item",[43,58526,58527],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[43,58529,58530],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58532,2537],{},[62,58534,58536],{"className":64,"code":58535,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58537,58538,58579,58603,58607],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58539,58540,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58541,58542],{"class":77},"votes ",[71,58544,82],{"class":81},[71,58546,1740],{"class":89},[71,58548,3184],{"class":99},[71,58550,8999],{"class":103},[71,58552,3184],{"class":99},[71,58554,109],{"class":89},[71,58556,3683],{"class":99},[71,58558,8939],{"class":103},[71,58560,3184],{"class":99},[71,58562,109],{"class":89},[71,58564,3683],{"class":99},[71,58566,8999],{"class":103},[71,58568,3184],{"class":99},[71,58570,109],{"class":89},[71,58572,3683],{"class":99},[71,58574,8999],{"class":103},[71,58576,3184],{"class":99},[71,58578,1757],{"class":89},[71,58580,58581,58584,58586,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58582,58583],{"class":77},"yes_votes ",[71,58585,82],{"class":81},[71,58587,58588],{"class":77}," votes",[71,58590,60],{"class":89},[71,58592,41389],{"class":133},[71,58594,90],{"class":89},[71,58596,3184],{"class":99},[71,58598,8999],{"class":103},[71,58600,3184],{"class":99},[71,58602,121],{"class":89},[71,58604,58605],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,58606,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,58608,58609,58611,58613,58616],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,58610,128],{"class":127},[71,58612,90],{"class":89},[71,58614,58615],{"class":133},"yes_votes",[71,58617,121],{"class":89},[20,58619,58620,58622],{},[15,58621,57426],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58624,58625,58626,1560,58628,60],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[56,58627,52906],{"href":51113},[56,58629,58631],{"href":58630},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[288,58633,2054],{"id":2053},[20,58635,8788,58636,60],{},[15,58637,57431],{},[350,58639,58641],{"id":58640},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58643,58644,58646],{},[15,58645,57431],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[62,58648,58650],{"className":64,"code":58649,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58651,58652,58685],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58653,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58655,4405],{"class":77},[71,58657,82],{"class":81},[71,58659,1740],{"class":89},[71,58661,3184],{"class":99},[71,58663,58664],{"class":103},"apple pie",[71,58666,3184],{"class":99},[71,58668,109],{"class":89},[71,58670,3683],{"class":99},[71,58672,4423],{"class":103},[71,58674,3184],{"class":99},[71,58676,109],{"class":89},[71,58678,3683],{"class":99},[71,58680,58664],{"class":103},[71,58682,3184],{"class":99},[71,58684,1757],{"class":89},[71,58686,58687,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58688,128],{"class":127},[71,58690,90],{"class":89},[71,58692,4449],{"class":133},[71,58694,60],{"class":89},[71,58696,41389],{"class":133},[71,58698,90],{"class":89},[71,58700,3184],{"class":99},[71,58702,4414],{"class":103},[71,58704,3184],{"class":99},[71,58706,5697],{"class":89},[71,58708,51381],{"class":1439},[20,58710,2820,58711,2172],{},[15,58712,2449],{},[20,58714,29181,58715,58717,58718,60],{},[15,58716,57969],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58719,58720],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58722,58723,58724,60],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58725,58726],{},"str.count()",[350,58728,8794,58730,8797,58732,3209,58734],{"id":58729},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58731,57426],{},[15,58733,3935],{},[15,58735,4006],{},[20,58737,58738,58740],{},[15,58739,57426],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[62,58742,58744],{"className":64,"code":58743,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58745,58746,58770],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58747,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58749,3950],{"class":77},[71,58751,82],{"class":81},[71,58753,1740],{"class":89},[71,58755,3320],{"class":117},[71,58757,109],{"class":89},[71,58759,183],{"class":117},[71,58761,109],{"class":89},[71,58763,183],{"class":117},[71,58765,109],{"class":89},[71,58767,701],{"class":117},[71,58769,1757],{"class":89},[71,58771,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58773,128],{"class":127},[71,58775,90],{"class":89},[71,58777,3980],{"class":133},[71,58779,60],{"class":89},[71,58781,41389],{"class":133},[71,58783,90],{"class":89},[71,58785,630],{"class":117},[71,58787,5697],{"class":89},[71,58789,51549],{"class":1439},[20,58791,58792],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[62,58794,58796],{"className":64,"code":58795,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58797,58798],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58799,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58801,128],{"class":127},[71,58803,90],{"class":89},[71,58805,630],{"class":117},[71,58807,21290],{"class":4209},[71,58809,4599],{"class":133},[71,58811,3993],{"class":89},[71,58813,3996],{"class":1439},[350,58815,58817],{"id":58816},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[62,58819,58821],{"className":64,"code":58820,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58822,58823,58856],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58824,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58852,58854],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58826,5332],{"class":77},[71,58828,82],{"class":81},[71,58830,1740],{"class":89},[71,58832,3184],{"class":99},[71,58834,1470],{"class":103},[71,58836,3184],{"class":99},[71,58838,109],{"class":89},[71,58840,3683],{"class":99},[71,58842,20334],{"class":103},[71,58844,3184],{"class":99},[71,58846,109],{"class":89},[71,58848,3683],{"class":99},[71,58850,58851],{"class":103},"SAM",[71,58853,3184],{"class":99},[71,58855,1757],{"class":89},[71,58857,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870,58872,58874,58876,58878],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58859,128],{"class":127},[71,58861,90],{"class":89},[71,58863,5375],{"class":133},[71,58865,60],{"class":89},[71,58867,41389],{"class":133},[71,58869,90],{"class":89},[71,58871,3184],{"class":99},[71,58873,20334],{"class":103},[71,58875,3184],{"class":99},[71,58877,5697],{"class":89},[71,58879,27899],{"class":1439},[20,58881,58882,58883,58886],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58884,58885],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[350,58888,29770,58890,33671],{"id":58889},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58891,57426],{},[20,58893,58894],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[62,58896,58898],{"className":64,"code":58897,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58899,58900,58910,58924,58942,58956,58968],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,58901,58902,58904,58906,58908],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,58903,128],{"class":127},[71,58905,90],{"class":89},[71,58907,8679],{"class":133},[71,58909,121],{"class":89},[71,58911,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,58913,128],{"class":127},[71,58915,90],{"class":89},[71,58917,735],{"class":85},[71,58919,90],{"class":89},[71,58921,8679],{"class":133},[71,58923,204],{"class":89},[71,58925,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58940],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,58927,128],{"class":127},[71,58929,90],{"class":89},[71,58931,8679],{"class":133},[71,58933,60],{"class":89},[71,58935,41389],{"class":133},[71,58937,90],{"class":89},[71,58939,2804],{"class":133},[71,58941,204],{"class":89},[71,58943,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,58945,128],{"class":127},[71,58947,90],{"class":89},[71,58949,2778],{"class":133},[71,58951,4216],{"class":4209},[71,58953,8736],{"class":133},[71,58955,121],{"class":89},[71,58957,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,58959,6294],{"class":4209},[71,58961,6297],{"class":77},[71,58963,4216],{"class":4209},[71,58965,8736],{"class":77},[71,58967,6731],{"class":89},[71,58969,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,58971,8408],{"class":127},[71,58973,90],{"class":89},[71,58975,41909],{"class":127},[71,58977,90],{"class":89},[71,58979,23428],{"class":133},[71,58981,204],{"class":89},[20,58983,58984],{},"These checks can help you see:",[40,58986,58987,58990,58993],{},[43,58988,58989],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[43,58991,58992],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[43,58994,58995],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58997,58998],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[40,59000,59001,59006,59009,59016],{},[43,59002,50625,59003,59005],{},[15,59004,57426],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[43,59007,59008],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[43,59010,2084,59011,59013,59014],{},[15,59012,57431],{}," with string ",[15,59015,57426],{},[43,59017,59018],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[288,59020,2163],{"id":2162},[350,59022,12813,59024,59026],{"id":59023},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59025,57431],{}," change the list?",[20,59028,59029],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[350,59031,59033],{"id":59032},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59035,12019,59036,60],{},[15,59037,2449],{},[350,59039,2184,59041,59043],{"id":59040},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59042,57431],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59045,59046],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[350,59048,15015,59050,59052],{"id":59049},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59051,57431],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59054,42282,59055,1560,59057,59059],{},[15,59056,57972],{},[15,59058,57969],{}," are different values.",[350,59061,2196,59063,59065,59066,2172],{"id":59062},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59064,3935],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59067,3320],{},[20,59069,9127,59070,59072,59073,1560,59075,59072,59077,60],{},[15,59071,3935],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59074,3320],{},[15,59076,4006],{},[15,59078,2449],{},[288,59080,2221],{"id":2220},[40,59082,59083,59087,59093,59097,59105,59112],{},[43,59084,59085],{},[56,59086,52906],{"href":51113},[43,59088,59089],{},[56,59090,59092],{"href":59091},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[43,59094,59095],{},[56,59096,7275],{"href":6534},[43,59098,59099],{},[56,59100,55655,59102,1709],{"href":59101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59103,59104],{},"index()",[43,59106,59107],{},[56,59108,13,59110],{"href":59109},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59111,42491],{},[43,59113,59114],{},[56,59115,59116],{"href":58630},"What is a list in Python",[2250,59118,59119],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":59121},[59122,59123,59125,59126,59127,59133,59139,59141,59149,59160],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":57523,"depth":124,"text":59124},"What list.count() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":38147,"depth":124,"text":38148},{"id":57845,"depth":124,"text":57846,"children":59128},[59129,59130,59132],{"id":57877,"depth":139,"text":57878},{"id":57976,"depth":139,"text":59131},"1 and True can match",{"id":58075,"depth":139,"text":58076},{"id":58153,"depth":124,"text":58154,"children":59134},[59135,59136,59137,59138],{"id":58157,"depth":139,"text":58158},{"id":58236,"depth":139,"text":58237},{"id":58333,"depth":139,"text":58334},{"id":58408,"depth":139,"text":58409},{"id":58509,"depth":124,"text":59140},"When to use count()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":59142},[59143,59144,59146,59147],{"id":58640,"depth":139,"text":58641},{"id":58729,"depth":139,"text":59145},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58816,"depth":139,"text":58817},{"id":58889,"depth":139,"text":59148},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":59150},[59151,59153,59154,59156,59158],{"id":59023,"depth":139,"text":59152},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59032,"depth":139,"text":59033},{"id":59040,"depth":139,"text":59155},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59049,"depth":139,"text":59157},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59062,"depth":139,"text":59159},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57418,"description":59161},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59168,"title":59169,"body":59170,"description":61133,"extension":2292,"meta":61134,"navigation":142,"path":61135,"seo":61136,"stem":61137,"__hash__":61138},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59171,"toc":61096},[59172,59175,59178,59180,59308,59312,59393,59404,59406,59425,59429,59432,59435,59453,59455,59498,59502,59527,59536,59540,59545,59548,59665,59669,59738,59742,59754,59758,59761,59802,59806,59819,59822,59907,59911,59944,59951,59957,59962,59964,59976,59980,60013,60017,60049,60053,60090,60094,60114,60118,60152,60156,60185,60196,60200,60203,60206,60219,60276,60280,60319,60325,60328,60330,60333,60337,60340,60365,60367,60392,60399,60402,60447,60451,60470,60473,60512,60519,60524,60558,60562,60663,60670,60703,60707,60733,60737,60740,60778,60781,60818,60822,60825,60844,60848,60909,60911,60929,60933,60936,60939,60968,60970,60974,60977,60985,60989,60992,61012,61018,61024,61028,61031,61038,61046,61048,61087,61093],[10,59173,59169],{"id":59174},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59176,59177],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[288,59179,3940],{"id":3939},[62,59181,59183],{"className":64,"code":59182,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59184,59185,59205,59237,59245,59263,59267,59277,59287,59298],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59186,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59188,3950],{"class":77},[71,59190,82],{"class":81},[71,59192,1740],{"class":89},[71,59194,3320],{"class":117},[71,59196,109],{"class":89},[71,59198,183],{"class":117},[71,59200,109],{"class":89},[71,59202,701],{"class":117},[71,59204,1757],{"class":89},[71,59206,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,59208,5332],{"class":77},[71,59210,82],{"class":81},[71,59212,1740],{"class":89},[71,59214,3184],{"class":99},[71,59216,12990],{"class":103},[71,59218,3184],{"class":99},[71,59220,109],{"class":89},[71,59222,3683],{"class":99},[71,59224,36066],{"class":103},[71,59226,3184],{"class":99},[71,59228,109],{"class":89},[71,59230,3683],{"class":99},[71,59232,36075],{"class":103},[71,59234,3184],{"class":99},[71,59236,1757],{"class":89},[71,59238,59239,59241,59243],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,59240,56066],{"class":77},[71,59242,82],{"class":81},[71,59244,8177],{"class":89},[71,59246,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,59248,36216],{"class":77},[71,59250,82],{"class":81},[71,59252,22677],{"class":85},[71,59254,90],{"class":89},[71,59256,3184],{"class":99},[71,59258,41690],{"class":103},[71,59260,3184],{"class":99},[71,59262,121],{"class":89},[71,59264,59265],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,59266,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,59268,59269,59271,59273,59275],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,59270,128],{"class":127},[71,59272,90],{"class":89},[71,59274,3980],{"class":133},[71,59276,121],{"class":89},[71,59278,59279,59281,59283,59285],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,59280,128],{"class":127},[71,59282,90],{"class":89},[71,59284,5375],{"class":133},[71,59286,121],{"class":89},[71,59288,59289,59291,59293,59296],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,59290,128],{"class":127},[71,59292,90],{"class":89},[71,59294,59295],{"class":133},"empty_list",[71,59297,121],{"class":89},[71,59299,59300,59302,59304,59306],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,59301,128],{"class":127},[71,59303,90],{"class":89},[71,59305,36269],{"class":133},[71,59307,121],{"class":89},[20,59309,59310],{},[30,59311,209],{},[62,59313,59315],{"className":64,"code":59314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59316,59317,59333,59361,59365],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59318,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59320,4234],{"class":89},[71,59322,3320],{"class":117},[71,59324,109],{"class":89},[71,59326,183],{"class":117},[71,59328,109],{"class":89},[71,59330,701],{"class":117},[71,59332,1757],{"class":89},[71,59334,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,59336,4234],{"class":89},[71,59338,100],{"class":99},[71,59340,12990],{"class":103},[71,59342,100],{"class":99},[71,59344,109],{"class":89},[71,59346,231],{"class":99},[71,59348,36066],{"class":103},[71,59350,100],{"class":99},[71,59352,109],{"class":89},[71,59354,231],{"class":99},[71,59356,36075],{"class":103},[71,59358,100],{"class":99},[71,59360,1757],{"class":89},[71,59362,59363],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,59364,38425],{"class":89},[71,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,59368,4234],{"class":89},[71,59370,100],{"class":99},[71,59372,56],{"class":103},[71,59374,100],{"class":99},[71,59376,109],{"class":89},[71,59378,231],{"class":99},[71,59380,176],{"class":103},[71,59382,100],{"class":99},[71,59384,109],{"class":89},[71,59386,231],{"class":99},[71,59388,694],{"class":103},[71,59390,100],{"class":99},[71,59392,1757],{"class":89},[20,59394,59395,59396,59398,59399,59401,59402,60],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59397,4119],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59400,24899],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59403,36324],{},[288,59405,15275],{"id":15274},[40,59407,59408,59411,59414,59417,59422],{},[43,59409,59410],{},"What a list is in Python",[43,59412,59413],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[43,59415,59416],{},"How to create an empty list",[43,59418,59419,59420,2633],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59421,24899],{},[43,59423,59424],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[288,59426,59428],{"id":59427},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59430,59431],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59433,59434],{},"This means:",[40,59436,59437,59440,59443,59446],{},[43,59438,59439],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[43,59441,59442],{},"The order of items is kept",[43,59444,59445],{},"A list can hold different data types",[43,59447,59448,59449,59452],{},"A list is ",[30,59450,59451],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59454,2537],{},[62,59456,59458],{"className":64,"code":59457,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59459,59460,59484,59488],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59461,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59463,1735],{"class":77},[71,59465,82],{"class":81},[71,59467,1740],{"class":89},[71,59469,3184],{"class":99},[71,59471,4414],{"class":103},[71,59473,3184],{"class":99},[71,59475,109],{"class":89},[71,59477,6341],{"class":117},[71,59479,109],{"class":89},[71,59481,4250],{"class":4184},[71,59483,1757],{"class":89},[71,59485,59486],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,59487,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,59489,59490,59492,59494,59496],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,59491,128],{"class":127},[71,59493,90],{"class":89},[71,59495,1770],{"class":133},[71,59497,121],{"class":89},[20,59499,59500],{},[30,59501,209],{},[62,59503,59505],{"className":64,"code":59504,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59506,59507],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59508,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59510,4234],{"class":89},[71,59512,100],{"class":99},[71,59514,4414],{"class":103},[71,59516,100],{"class":99},[71,59518,109],{"class":89},[71,59520,6341],{"class":117},[71,59522,109],{"class":89},[71,59524,4250],{"class":4184},[71,59526,1757],{"class":89},[20,59528,59529,59530,3209,59533,60],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[56,59531,59532],{"href":51113},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[56,59534,59535],{"href":58630},"What is a List in Python?",[288,59537,59539],{"id":59538},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59541,59395,59542,59544],{},[15,59543,4119],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59546,59547],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[62,59549,59551],{"className":64,"code":59550,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59552,59553,59573,59605,59630,59634,59644,59654],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59554,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59556,3950],{"class":77},[71,59558,82],{"class":81},[71,59560,1740],{"class":89},[71,59562,3320],{"class":117},[71,59564,109],{"class":89},[71,59566,183],{"class":117},[71,59568,109],{"class":89},[71,59570,701],{"class":117},[71,59572,1757],{"class":89},[71,59574,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587,59589,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,59576,5332],{"class":77},[71,59578,82],{"class":81},[71,59580,1740],{"class":89},[71,59582,3184],{"class":99},[71,59584,12990],{"class":103},[71,59586,3184],{"class":99},[71,59588,109],{"class":89},[71,59590,3683],{"class":99},[71,59592,36066],{"class":103},[71,59594,3184],{"class":99},[71,59596,109],{"class":89},[71,59598,3683],{"class":99},[71,59600,36075],{"class":103},[71,59602,3184],{"class":99},[71,59604,1757],{"class":89},[71,59606,59607,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,59608,59609],{"class":77},"mixed ",[71,59611,82],{"class":81},[71,59613,1740],{"class":89},[71,59615,2661],{"class":117},[71,59617,109],{"class":89},[71,59619,3683],{"class":99},[71,59621,4177],{"class":103},[71,59623,3184],{"class":99},[71,59625,109],{"class":89},[71,59627,4241],{"class":4184},[71,59629,1757],{"class":89},[71,59631,59632],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,59633,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,59635,59636,59638,59640,59642],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,59637,128],{"class":127},[71,59639,90],{"class":89},[71,59641,3980],{"class":133},[71,59643,121],{"class":89},[71,59645,59646,59648,59650,59652],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,59647,128],{"class":127},[71,59649,90],{"class":89},[71,59651,5375],{"class":133},[71,59653,121],{"class":89},[71,59655,59656,59658,59660,59663],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,59657,128],{"class":127},[71,59659,90],{"class":89},[71,59661,59662],{"class":133},"mixed",[71,59664,121],{"class":89},[20,59666,59667],{},[30,59668,209],{},[62,59670,59672],{"className":64,"code":59671,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59673,59674,59690,59718],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59675,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59677,4234],{"class":89},[71,59679,3320],{"class":117},[71,59681,109],{"class":89},[71,59683,183],{"class":117},[71,59685,109],{"class":89},[71,59687,701],{"class":117},[71,59689,1757],{"class":89},[71,59691,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,59693,4234],{"class":89},[71,59695,100],{"class":99},[71,59697,12990],{"class":103},[71,59699,100],{"class":99},[71,59701,109],{"class":89},[71,59703,231],{"class":99},[71,59705,36066],{"class":103},[71,59707,100],{"class":99},[71,59709,109],{"class":89},[71,59711,231],{"class":99},[71,59713,36075],{"class":103},[71,59715,100],{"class":99},[71,59717,1757],{"class":89},[71,59719,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,59721,4234],{"class":89},[71,59723,2661],{"class":117},[71,59725,109],{"class":89},[71,59727,231],{"class":99},[71,59729,4177],{"class":103},[71,59731,100],{"class":99},[71,59733,109],{"class":89},[71,59735,4241],{"class":4184},[71,59737,1757],{"class":89},[350,59739,59741],{"id":59740},"key-points","Key points",[40,59743,59744,59749,59751],{},[43,59745,283,59746,59748],{},[15,59747,4119],{}," to make a new list",[43,59750,15545],{},[43,59752,59753],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[288,59755,59757],{"id":59756},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59759,59760],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[62,59762,59764],{"className":64,"code":59763,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59765,59766,59774,59778,59788],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59767,59768,59770,59772],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59769,8648],{"class":77},[71,59771,82],{"class":81},[71,59773,8177],{"class":89},[71,59775,59776],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,59777,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,59779,59780,59782,59784,59786],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,59781,128],{"class":127},[71,59783,90],{"class":89},[71,59785,8679],{"class":133},[71,59787,121],{"class":89},[71,59789,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,59791,128],{"class":127},[71,59793,90],{"class":89},[71,59795,2139],{"class":127},[71,59797,90],{"class":89},[71,59799,8679],{"class":133},[71,59801,204],{"class":89},[20,59803,59804],{},[30,59805,209],{},[62,59807,59809],{"className":64,"code":59808,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[]\n0\n",[15,59810,59811,59815],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59812,59813],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59814,38425],{"class":89},[71,59816,59817],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,59818,47384],{"class":117},[20,59820,59821],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[62,59823,59825],{"className":64,"code":59824,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59826,59827,59835,59839,59857,59875,59893,59897],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59828,59829,59831,59833],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59830,5332],{"class":77},[71,59832,82],{"class":81},[71,59834,8177],{"class":89},[71,59836,59837],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,59838,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,59840,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,59842,5375],{"class":77},[71,59844,60],{"class":89},[71,59846,13664],{"class":133},[71,59848,90],{"class":89},[71,59850,3184],{"class":99},[71,59852,12990],{"class":103},[71,59854,3184],{"class":99},[71,59856,121],{"class":89},[71,59858,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,59860,5375],{"class":77},[71,59862,60],{"class":89},[71,59864,13664],{"class":133},[71,59866,90],{"class":89},[71,59868,3184],{"class":99},[71,59870,36066],{"class":103},[71,59872,3184],{"class":99},[71,59874,121],{"class":89},[71,59876,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889,59891],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,59878,5375],{"class":77},[71,59880,60],{"class":89},[71,59882,13664],{"class":133},[71,59884,90],{"class":89},[71,59886,3184],{"class":99},[71,59888,36075],{"class":103},[71,59890,3184],{"class":99},[71,59892,121],{"class":89},[71,59894,59895],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,59896,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,59898,59899,59901,59903,59905],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,59900,128],{"class":127},[71,59902,90],{"class":89},[71,59904,5375],{"class":133},[71,59906,121],{"class":89},[20,59908,59909],{},[30,59910,209],{},[62,59912,59914],{"className":64,"code":59913,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59915,59916],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59917,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59919,4234],{"class":89},[71,59921,100],{"class":99},[71,59923,12990],{"class":103},[71,59925,100],{"class":99},[71,59927,109],{"class":89},[71,59929,231],{"class":99},[71,59931,36066],{"class":103},[71,59933,100],{"class":99},[71,59935,109],{"class":89},[71,59937,231],{"class":99},[71,59939,36075],{"class":103},[71,59941,100],{"class":99},[71,59943,1757],{"class":89},[20,59945,59946,59947,60],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[56,59948,59949,1709],{"href":56904},[15,59950,52787],{},[288,59952,59954,59955],{"id":59953},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59956,24899],{},[20,59958,283,59959,59961],{},[15,59960,24899],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59963,5793],{},[40,59965,59966,59968,59970,59972],{},[43,59967,5644],{},[43,59969,5638],{},[43,59971,5641],{},[43,59973,59974],{},[15,59975,36324],{},[350,59977,59979],{"id":59978},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[62,59981,59983],{"className":64,"code":59982,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59984,59985,60003],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,59986,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,59988,36216],{"class":77},[71,59990,82],{"class":81},[71,59992,22677],{"class":85},[71,59994,90],{"class":89},[71,59996,3184],{"class":99},[71,59998,41690],{"class":103},[71,60000,3184],{"class":99},[71,60002,121],{"class":89},[71,60004,60005,60007,60009,60011],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60006,128],{"class":127},[71,60008,90],{"class":89},[71,60010,36269],{"class":133},[71,60012,121],{"class":89},[20,60014,60015],{},[30,60016,209],{},[62,60018,60019],{"className":64,"code":43006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,60020,60021],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60022,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60024,4234],{"class":89},[71,60026,100],{"class":99},[71,60028,56],{"class":103},[71,60030,100],{"class":99},[71,60032,109],{"class":89},[71,60034,231],{"class":99},[71,60036,176],{"class":103},[71,60038,100],{"class":99},[71,60040,109],{"class":89},[71,60042,231],{"class":99},[71,60044,694],{"class":103},[71,60046,100],{"class":99},[71,60048,1757],{"class":89},[350,60050,60052],{"id":60051},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[62,60054,60056],{"className":64,"code":60055,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60057,60058,60080],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60059,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60061,3950],{"class":77},[71,60063,82],{"class":81},[71,60065,22677],{"class":85},[71,60067,5846],{"class":89},[71,60069,3320],{"class":117},[71,60071,109],{"class":89},[71,60073,183],{"class":117},[71,60075,109],{"class":89},[71,60077,701],{"class":117},[71,60079,204],{"class":89},[71,60081,60082,60084,60086,60088],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60083,128],{"class":127},[71,60085,90],{"class":89},[71,60087,3980],{"class":133},[71,60089,121],{"class":89},[20,60091,60092],{},[30,60093,209],{},[62,60095,60096],{"className":64,"code":55285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,60097,60098],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60099,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60101,4234],{"class":89},[71,60103,3320],{"class":117},[71,60105,109],{"class":89},[71,60107,183],{"class":117},[71,60109,109],{"class":89},[71,60111,701],{"class":117},[71,60113,1757],{"class":89},[350,60115,60117],{"id":60116},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[62,60119,60121],{"className":64,"code":60120,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60122,60123,60142],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60124,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133,60136,60138,60140],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60126,4154],{"class":77},[71,60128,82],{"class":81},[71,60130,22677],{"class":85},[71,60132,90],{"class":89},[71,60134,60135],{"class":127},"range",[71,60137,90],{"class":89},[71,60139,2466],{"class":117},[71,60141,204],{"class":89},[71,60143,60144,60146,60148,60150],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60145,128],{"class":127},[71,60147,90],{"class":89},[71,60149,5694],{"class":133},[71,60151,121],{"class":89},[20,60153,60154],{},[30,60155,209],{},[62,60157,60159],{"className":64,"code":60158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60160,60161],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60162,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60164,4234],{"class":89},[71,60166,2449],{"class":117},[71,60168,109],{"class":89},[71,60170,165],{"class":117},[71,60172,109],{"class":89},[71,60174,183],{"class":117},[71,60176,109],{"class":89},[71,60178,701],{"class":117},[71,60180,109],{"class":89},[71,60182,2788],{"class":117},[71,60184,1757],{"class":89},[20,60186,60187,60189,60190,60],{},[15,60188,24899],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[56,60191,60193,60195],{"href":60192},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60194,24899],{},": Function Explained",[288,60197,60199],{"id":60198},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60201,60202],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60204,60205],{},"Examples include:",[40,60207,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216],{},[43,60209,5644],{},[43,60211,40553],{},[43,60213,52180],{},[43,60215,40723],{},[43,60217,60218],{},"other lists",[62,60220,60222],{"className":64,"code":60221,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60223,60224,60262,60266],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60225,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60227,78],{"class":77},[71,60229,82],{"class":81},[71,60231,1740],{"class":89},[71,60233,3184],{"class":99},[71,60235,12990],{"class":103},[71,60237,3184],{"class":99},[71,60239,109],{"class":89},[71,60241,249],{"class":117},[71,60243,109],{"class":89},[71,60245,4250],{"class":4184},[71,60247,109],{"class":89},[71,60249,1740],{"class":89},[71,60251,3320],{"class":117},[71,60253,109],{"class":89},[71,60255,183],{"class":117},[71,60257,109],{"class":89},[71,60259,701],{"class":117},[71,60261,53377],{"class":89},[71,60263,60264],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60265,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,60267,60268,60270,60272,60274],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,60269,128],{"class":127},[71,60271,90],{"class":89},[71,60273,134],{"class":133},[71,60275,121],{"class":89},[20,60277,60278],{},[30,60279,209],{},[62,60281,60283],{"className":64,"code":60282,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60284,60285],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60286,60287,60289,60291,60293,60295,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60288,4234],{"class":89},[71,60290,100],{"class":99},[71,60292,12990],{"class":103},[71,60294,100],{"class":99},[71,60296,109],{"class":89},[71,60298,249],{"class":117},[71,60300,109],{"class":89},[71,60302,4250],{"class":4184},[71,60304,109],{"class":89},[71,60306,1740],{"class":89},[71,60308,3320],{"class":117},[71,60310,109],{"class":89},[71,60312,183],{"class":117},[71,60314,109],{"class":89},[71,60316,701],{"class":117},[71,60318,53377],{"class":89},[20,60320,60321,60322,60],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[30,60323,60324],{},"nested list",[20,60326,60327],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[288,60329,4855],{"id":4854},[20,60331,60332],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[350,60334,60336],{"id":60335},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60338,60339],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[62,60341,60343],{"className":64,"code":60342,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60344,60345,60349],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60346,60347],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60348,4871],{"class":1439},[71,60350,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60352,3950],{"class":77},[71,60354,82],{"class":81},[71,60356,1740],{"class":89},[71,60358,3320],{"class":117},[71,60360,183],{"class":117},[71,60362,701],{"class":117},[71,60364,1757],{"class":89},[20,60366,1781],{},[62,60368,60370],{"className":64,"code":60369,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60371,60372],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60373,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60375,3950],{"class":77},[71,60377,82],{"class":81},[71,60379,1740],{"class":89},[71,60381,3320],{"class":117},[71,60383,109],{"class":89},[71,60385,183],{"class":117},[71,60387,109],{"class":89},[71,60389,701],{"class":117},[71,60391,1757],{"class":89},[350,60393,8758,60395,2069,60397],{"id":60394},"using-instead-of",[15,60396,7706],{},[15,60398,4119],{},[20,60400,60401],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[62,60403,60405],{"className":64,"code":60404,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60406,60407,60428,60432],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60408,60409,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60410,60411],{"class":77},"my_values ",[71,60413,82],{"class":81},[71,60415,171],{"class":89},[71,60417,3320],{"class":117},[71,60419,109],{"class":89},[71,60421,183],{"class":117},[71,60423,109],{"class":89},[71,60425,701],{"class":117},[71,60427,121],{"class":89},[71,60429,60430],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60431,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,60433,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60445],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,60435,128],{"class":127},[71,60437,90],{"class":89},[71,60439,735],{"class":85},[71,60441,90],{"class":89},[71,60443,60444],{"class":133},"my_values",[71,60446,204],{"class":89},[20,60448,60449],{},[30,60450,209],{},[62,60452,60454],{"className":64,"code":60453,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60455,60456],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60457,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60459,765],{"class":81},[71,60461,769],{"class":768},[71,60463,231],{"class":99},[71,60465,49086],{"class":103},[71,60467,100],{"class":99},[71,60469,778],{"class":81},[20,60471,60472],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[62,60474,60476],{"className":64,"code":60475,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60477,60478,60498],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60479,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494,60496],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60481,60411],{"class":77},[71,60483,82],{"class":81},[71,60485,1740],{"class":89},[71,60487,3320],{"class":117},[71,60489,109],{"class":89},[71,60491,183],{"class":117},[71,60493,109],{"class":89},[71,60495,701],{"class":117},[71,60497,1757],{"class":89},[71,60499,60500,60502,60504,60506,60508,60510],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60501,128],{"class":127},[71,60503,90],{"class":89},[71,60505,735],{"class":85},[71,60507,90],{"class":89},[71,60509,60444],{"class":133},[71,60511,204],{"class":89},[350,60513,8794,60515,60518],{"id":60514},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60516,60517],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60520,60521,60523],{},[15,60522,24899],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[62,60525,60527],{"className":64,"code":60526,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60528,60529,60548],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60530,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60544,60546],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60532,1102],{"class":77},[71,60534,82],{"class":81},[71,60536,22677],{"class":85},[71,60538,90],{"class":89},[71,60540,3184],{"class":99},[71,60542,60543],{"class":103},"hello world",[71,60545,3184],{"class":99},[71,60547,121],{"class":89},[71,60549,60550,60552,60554,60556],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60551,128],{"class":127},[71,60553,90],{"class":89},[71,60555,2594],{"class":133},[71,60557,121],{"class":89},[20,60559,60560],{},[30,60561,209],{},[62,60563,60565],{"className":64,"code":60564,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60566,60567],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60568,60569,60571,60573,60576,60578,60580,60582,60585,60587,60589,60591,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60638,60640,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60570,4234],{"class":89},[71,60572,100],{"class":99},[71,60574,60575],{"class":103},"h",[71,60577,100],{"class":99},[71,60579,109],{"class":89},[71,60581,231],{"class":99},[71,60583,60584],{"class":103},"e",[71,60586,100],{"class":99},[71,60588,109],{"class":89},[71,60590,231],{"class":99},[71,60592,60593],{"class":103},"l",[71,60595,100],{"class":99},[71,60597,109],{"class":89},[71,60599,231],{"class":99},[71,60601,60593],{"class":103},[71,60603,100],{"class":99},[71,60605,109],{"class":89},[71,60607,231],{"class":99},[71,60609,60610],{"class":103},"o",[71,60612,100],{"class":99},[71,60614,109],{"class":89},[71,60616,231],{"class":99},[71,60618,231],{"class":99},[71,60620,109],{"class":89},[71,60622,231],{"class":99},[71,60624,60625],{"class":103},"w",[71,60627,100],{"class":99},[71,60629,109],{"class":89},[71,60631,231],{"class":99},[71,60633,60610],{"class":103},[71,60635,100],{"class":99},[71,60637,109],{"class":89},[71,60639,231],{"class":99},[71,60641,60642],{"class":103},"r",[71,60644,100],{"class":99},[71,60646,109],{"class":89},[71,60648,231],{"class":99},[71,60650,60593],{"class":103},[71,60652,100],{"class":99},[71,60654,109],{"class":89},[71,60656,231],{"class":99},[71,60658,18883],{"class":103},[71,60660,100],{"class":99},[71,60662,1757],{"class":89},[20,60664,60665,60666,60669],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60667,60668],{},"split()"," instead:",[62,60671,60673],{"className":64,"code":60672,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60674,60675,60693],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60676,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689,60691],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60678,4405],{"class":77},[71,60680,82],{"class":81},[71,60682,3683],{"class":99},[71,60684,60543],{"class":103},[71,60686,3184],{"class":99},[71,60688,60],{"class":89},[71,60690,34592],{"class":133},[71,60692,369],{"class":89},[71,60694,60695,60697,60699,60701],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60696,128],{"class":127},[71,60698,90],{"class":89},[71,60700,4449],{"class":133},[71,60702,121],{"class":89},[20,60704,60705],{},[30,60706,209],{},[62,60708,60710],{"className":64,"code":60709,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60711,60712],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60713,60714,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724,60726,60729,60731],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60715,4234],{"class":89},[71,60717,100],{"class":99},[71,60719,4177],{"class":103},[71,60721,100],{"class":99},[71,60723,109],{"class":89},[71,60725,231],{"class":99},[71,60727,60728],{"class":103},"world",[71,60730,100],{"class":99},[71,60732,1757],{"class":89},[350,60734,60736],{"id":60735},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60738,60739],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[62,60741,60743],{"className":64,"code":60742,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60744,60745,60749],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60746,60747],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60748,4871],{"class":1439},[71,60750,60751,60753,60755,60757,60759,60761,60763,60765,60767,60770,60772,60774,60776],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60752,5332],{"class":77},[71,60754,82],{"class":81},[71,60756,1740],{"class":89},[71,60758,3184],{"class":99},[71,60760,12990],{"class":103},[71,60762,3184],{"class":99},[71,60764,109],{"class":89},[71,60766,3683],{"class":99},[71,60768,60769],{"class":103},"Ben', ",[71,60771,3184],{"class":99},[71,60773,36075],{"class":77},[71,60775,3184],{"class":99},[71,60777,1757],{"class":103},[20,60779,60780],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[62,60782,60784],{"className":64,"code":60783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60785,60786],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60787,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796,60798,60800,60802,60804,60806,60808,60810,60812,60814,60816],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60789,5332],{"class":77},[71,60791,82],{"class":81},[71,60793,1740],{"class":89},[71,60795,3184],{"class":99},[71,60797,12990],{"class":103},[71,60799,3184],{"class":99},[71,60801,109],{"class":89},[71,60803,3683],{"class":99},[71,60805,36066],{"class":103},[71,60807,3184],{"class":99},[71,60809,109],{"class":89},[71,60811,3683],{"class":99},[71,60813,36075],{"class":103},[71,60815,3184],{"class":99},[71,60817,1757],{"class":89},[350,60819,60821],{"id":60820},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60823,60824],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[40,60826,60827,60830,60833,60838],{},[43,60828,60829],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[43,60831,60832],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[43,60834,60835,60836],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60837,24899],{},[43,60839,8794,60840,60843],{},[15,60841,60842],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[350,60845,60847],{"id":60846},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[62,60849,60851],{"className":64,"code":60850,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60852,60853,60863,60877,60891],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60854,60855,60857,60859,60861],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60856,128],{"class":127},[71,60858,90],{"class":89},[71,60860,8679],{"class":133},[71,60862,121],{"class":89},[71,60864,60865,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,60866,128],{"class":127},[71,60868,90],{"class":89},[71,60870,735],{"class":85},[71,60872,90],{"class":89},[71,60874,8679],{"class":133},[71,60876,204],{"class":89},[71,60878,60879,60881,60883,60885,60887,60889],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,60880,128],{"class":127},[71,60882,90],{"class":89},[71,60884,2139],{"class":127},[71,60886,90],{"class":89},[71,60888,8679],{"class":133},[71,60890,204],{"class":89},[71,60892,60893,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905,60907],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,60894,128],{"class":127},[71,60896,90],{"class":89},[71,60898,8433],{"class":85},[71,60900,90],{"class":89},[71,60902,60135],{"class":127},[71,60904,90],{"class":89},[71,60906,2466],{"class":117},[71,60908,3243],{"class":89},[20,60910,26127],{},[40,60912,60913,60916,60919,60922],{},[43,60914,60915],{},"what the list contains",[43,60917,60918],{},"whether the value is really a list",[43,60920,60921],{},"how many items it has",[43,60923,26138,60924,60926,60927],{},[15,60925,24899],{}," does with ",[15,60928,36324],{},[288,60930,60932],{"id":60931},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60934,60935],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60937,60938],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[40,60940,60941,60956,60961],{},[43,60942,283,60943,2518,60947,17186,60951,60955],{},[56,60944,60945],{"href":56904},[15,60946,52787],{},[56,60948,60949],{"href":53479},[15,60950,53581],{},[56,60952,60953],{"href":54043},[15,60954,54403],{}," to add items later",[43,60957,283,60958,60960],{},[56,60959,59532],{"href":51113}," for a broader introduction",[43,60962,283,60963,60967],{},[56,60964,60965,60195],{"href":60192},[15,60966,24899],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[288,60969,2163],{"id":2162},[350,60971,60973],{"id":60972},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60975,60976],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[62,60978,60979],{"className":64,"code":38425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,60980,60981],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60982,60983],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60984,38425],{"class":89},[350,60986,60988],{"id":60987},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60990,60991],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[62,60993,60994],{"className":64,"code":55285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,60995,60996],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,60997,60998,61000,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,60999,4234],{"class":89},[71,61001,3320],{"class":117},[71,61003,109],{"class":89},[71,61005,183],{"class":117},[71,61007,109],{"class":89},[71,61009,701],{"class":117},[71,61011,1757],{"class":89},[350,61013,5479,61015,61017],{"id":61014},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61016,24899],{}," do in Python?",[20,61019,61020,61021,61023],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61022,36324],{},", into a list.",[350,61025,61027],{"id":61026},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61029,61030],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[350,61032,2167,61034,1560,61036,2172],{"id":61033},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61035,4119],{},[15,61037,7706],{},[20,61039,61040,61042,61043,61045],{},[15,61041,4119],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61044,7706],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[288,61047,2221],{"id":2220},[40,61049,61050,61054,61060,61066,61072,61078,61082],{},[43,61051,61052],{},[56,61053,59532],{"href":51113},[43,61055,61056],{},[56,61057,55655,61058,11428],{"href":56904},[15,61059,52787],{},[43,61061,61062],{},[56,61063,55655,61064,11428],{"href":53479},[15,61065,53581],{},[43,61067,61068],{},[56,61069,55655,61070,11428],{"href":54043},[15,61071,54403],{},[43,61073,61074],{},[56,61075,13,61076,18],{"href":60192},[15,61077,24899],{},[43,61079,61080],{},[56,61081,59535],{"href":58630},[43,61083,61084],{},[56,61085,61086],{"href":12173},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61088,61089,61090,61092],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61091,52787],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2250,61094,61095],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":61097},[61098,61099,61100,61101,61104,61105,61111,61112,61122,61123,61132],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":15274,"depth":124,"text":15275},{"id":59427,"depth":124,"text":59428},{"id":59538,"depth":124,"text":59539,"children":61102},[61103],{"id":59740,"depth":139,"text":59741},{"id":59756,"depth":124,"text":59757},{"id":59953,"depth":124,"text":61106,"children":61107},"Create a list with list()",[61108,61109,61110],{"id":59978,"depth":139,"text":59979},{"id":60051,"depth":139,"text":60052},{"id":60116,"depth":139,"text":60117},{"id":60198,"depth":124,"text":60199},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":61113},[61114,61115,61117,61119,61120,61121],{"id":60335,"depth":139,"text":60336},{"id":60394,"depth":139,"text":61116},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60514,"depth":139,"text":61118},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60735,"depth":139,"text":60736},{"id":60820,"depth":139,"text":60821},{"id":60846,"depth":139,"text":60847},{"id":60931,"depth":124,"text":60932},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":61124},[61125,61126,61127,61129,61130],{"id":60972,"depth":139,"text":60973},{"id":60987,"depth":139,"text":60988},{"id":61014,"depth":139,"text":61128},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61026,"depth":139,"text":61027},{"id":61033,"depth":139,"text":61131},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59169,"description":61133},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61140,"title":61141,"body":61142,"description":62883,"extension":2292,"meta":62884,"navigation":142,"path":62885,"seo":62886,"stem":62887,"__hash__":62888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61143,"toc":62838},[61144,61149,61154,61157,61159,61230,61235,61240,61244,61258,61263,61265,61285,61290,61293,61316,61320,61325,61417,61419,61441,61447,61453,61460,61467,61473,61530,61536,61594,61596,61608,61616,61622,61627,61631,61688,61691,61695,61754,61757,61761,61819,61831,61835,61888,61891,61895,61901,61907,61969,61972,62033,62036,62092,62097,62099,62103,62110,62171,62176,62185,62241,62248,62252,62310,62319,62377,62381,62416,62420,62430,62433,62488,62502,62505,62620,62625,62629,62640,62642,62721,62731,62733,62738,62743,62750,62758,62764,62767,62773,62776,62782,62788,62790,62826,62835],[10,61145,54477,61147,11428],{"id":61146},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61148,53581],{},[20,61150,61151,61153],{},[15,61152,53482],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61155,61156],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[288,61158,2334],{"id":2333},[62,61160,61162],{"className":64,"code":61161,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61163,61164,61180,61197,61201,61216,61226],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61165,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61167,3950],{"class":77},[71,61169,82],{"class":81},[71,61171,1740],{"class":89},[71,61173,3320],{"class":117},[71,61175,109],{"class":89},[71,61177,183],{"class":117},[71,61179,1757],{"class":89},[71,61181,61182,61185,61187,61189,61191,61193,61195],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61183,61184],{"class":77},"more_numbers ",[71,61186,82],{"class":81},[71,61188,1740],{"class":89},[71,61190,640],{"class":117},[71,61192,109],{"class":89},[71,61194,2788],{"class":117},[71,61196,1757],{"class":89},[71,61198,61199],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61200,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61202,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61214],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61204,3980],{"class":77},[71,61206,60],{"class":89},[71,61208,53611],{"class":133},[71,61210,90],{"class":89},[71,61212,61213],{"class":133},"more_numbers",[71,61215,121],{"class":89},[71,61217,61218,61220,61222,61224],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,61219,128],{"class":127},[71,61221,90],{"class":89},[71,61223,3980],{"class":133},[71,61225,121],{"class":89},[71,61227,61228],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,61229,52858],{"class":1439},[20,61231,283,61232,61234],{},[15,61233,53581],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[288,61236,291,61238,294],{"id":61237},"what-listextend-does",[15,61239,53482],{},[20,61241,61242,228],{},[15,61243,53581],{},[40,61245,61246,61249,61251,61254],{},[43,61247,61248],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[43,61250,54563],{},[43,61252,61253],{},"Does not create a new list",[43,61255,11530,61256],{},[15,61257,4110],{},[20,61259,61260,61261,53936],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61262,53581],{},[288,61264,343],{"id":342},[62,61266,61268],{"className":64,"code":61267,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61269,61270],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61271,61272,61275,61277,61279,61281,61283],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61273,61274],{"class":77},"list_name",[71,61276,60],{"class":89},[71,61278,53611],{"class":133},[71,61280,90],{"class":89},[71,61282,4052],{"class":133},[71,61284,121],{"class":89},[20,61286,5788,61287,61289],{},[30,61288,4052],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61291,61292],{},"Common iterables include:",[40,61294,61295,61299,61303,61307,61312],{},[43,61296,61297],{},[15,61298,8433],{},[43,61300,61301],{},[15,61302,49086],{},[43,61304,61305],{},[15,61306,6624],{},[43,61308,61309],{},[15,61310,61311],{},"string",[43,61313,61314],{},[15,61315,60135],{},[288,61317,61319],{"id":61318},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61321,61322,61323,228],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61324,53581],{},[62,61326,61328],{"className":64,"code":61327,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61329,61330,61354,61379,61383,61398,61402,61412],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61331,61332,61334,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61333,36365],{"class":77},[71,61335,82],{"class":81},[71,61337,1740],{"class":89},[71,61339,3184],{"class":99},[71,61341,4414],{"class":103},[71,61343,3184],{"class":99},[71,61345,109],{"class":89},[71,61347,3683],{"class":99},[71,61349,4423],{"class":103},[71,61351,3184],{"class":99},[71,61353,1757],{"class":89},[71,61355,61356,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61357,61358],{"class":77},"more_fruits ",[71,61360,82],{"class":81},[71,61362,1740],{"class":89},[71,61364,3184],{"class":99},[71,61366,33343],{"class":103},[71,61368,3184],{"class":99},[71,61370,109],{"class":89},[71,61372,3683],{"class":99},[71,61374,22650],{"class":103},[71,61376,3184],{"class":99},[71,61378,1757],{"class":89},[71,61380,61381],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61382,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61384,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393,61396],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61386,36417],{"class":77},[71,61388,60],{"class":89},[71,61390,53611],{"class":133},[71,61392,90],{"class":89},[71,61394,61395],{"class":133},"more_fruits",[71,61397,121],{"class":89},[71,61399,61400],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,61401,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61403,61404,61406,61408,61410],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,61405,128],{"class":127},[71,61407,90],{"class":89},[71,61409,36417],{"class":133},[71,61411,121],{"class":89},[71,61413,61414],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,61415,61416],{"class":1439},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61418,11791],{},[40,61420,61421,61426,61431],{},[43,61422,61423,61425],{},[15,61424,36417],{}," starts with two items",[43,61427,61428,61430],{},[15,61429,61395],{}," has two more items",[43,61432,61433,61435,61436,61438,61439],{},[15,61434,53581],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61437,61395],{}," to ",[15,61440,36417],{},[20,61442,61443,61444,61446],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61445,36417],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61448,54702,61449,1560,61451,60],{},[56,61450,52906],{"href":51113},[56,61452,57290],{"href":57289},[288,61454,61456,1552,61458],{"id":61455},"extend-vs-append",[15,61457,53581],{},[15,61459,52787],{},[20,61461,61462,1560,61464,61466],{},[15,61463,53581],{},[15,61465,52787],{}," are often confused.",[350,61468,61470,61472],{"id":61469},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61471,53581],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[62,61474,61476],{"className":64,"code":61475,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61477,61478,61494,61512,61516,61526],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61479,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61481,3950],{"class":77},[71,61483,82],{"class":81},[71,61485,1740],{"class":89},[71,61487,3320],{"class":117},[71,61489,109],{"class":89},[71,61491,183],{"class":117},[71,61493,1757],{"class":89},[71,61495,61496,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508,61510],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61497,3980],{"class":77},[71,61499,60],{"class":89},[71,61501,53611],{"class":133},[71,61503,3317],{"class":89},[71,61505,640],{"class":117},[71,61507,109],{"class":89},[71,61509,2788],{"class":117},[71,61511,4222],{"class":89},[71,61513,61514],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61515,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61517,61518,61520,61522,61524],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61519,128],{"class":127},[71,61521,90],{"class":89},[71,61523,3980],{"class":133},[71,61525,121],{"class":89},[71,61527,61528],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,61529,52858],{"class":1439},[350,61531,61533,61535],{"id":61532},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61534,52787],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[62,61537,61539],{"className":64,"code":61538,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61540,61541,61557,61575,61579,61589],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61542,61543,61545,61547,61549,61551,61553,61555],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61544,3950],{"class":77},[71,61546,82],{"class":81},[71,61548,1740],{"class":89},[71,61550,3320],{"class":117},[71,61552,109],{"class":89},[71,61554,183],{"class":117},[71,61556,1757],{"class":89},[71,61558,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61560,3980],{"class":77},[71,61562,60],{"class":89},[71,61564,13664],{"class":133},[71,61566,3317],{"class":89},[71,61568,640],{"class":117},[71,61570,109],{"class":89},[71,61572,2788],{"class":117},[71,61574,4222],{"class":89},[71,61576,61577],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61578,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61580,61581,61583,61585,61587],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61582,128],{"class":127},[71,61584,90],{"class":89},[71,61586,3980],{"class":133},[71,61588,121],{"class":89},[71,61590,61591],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,61592,61593],{"class":1439},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61595,18810],{},[40,61597,61598,61603],{},[43,61599,61600,61602],{},[15,61601,53581],{}," to combine values",[43,61604,61605,61607],{},[15,61606,52787],{}," to add one item",[20,61609,42223,61610,1560,61614,60],{},[56,61611,55655,61612,1709],{"href":56904},[15,61613,52787],{},[56,61615,53184],{"href":53183},[288,61617,8758,61619,61621],{"id":61618},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61620,53581],{}," with different iterables",[20,61623,61624,61626],{},[15,61625,53581],{}," works with more than just lists.",[350,61628,61630],{"id":61629},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[62,61632,61634],{"className":64,"code":61633,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61635,61636,61652,61670,61674,61684],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61637,61638,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648,61650],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61639,4154],{"class":77},[71,61641,82],{"class":81},[71,61643,1740],{"class":89},[71,61645,3320],{"class":117},[71,61647,109],{"class":89},[71,61649,183],{"class":117},[71,61651,1757],{"class":89},[71,61653,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61655,5694],{"class":77},[71,61657,60],{"class":89},[71,61659,53611],{"class":133},[71,61661,5846],{"class":89},[71,61663,640],{"class":117},[71,61665,109],{"class":89},[71,61667,2788],{"class":117},[71,61669,204],{"class":89},[71,61671,61672],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61673,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61675,61676,61678,61680,61682],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61677,128],{"class":127},[71,61679,90],{"class":89},[71,61681,5694],{"class":133},[71,61683,121],{"class":89},[71,61685,61686],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,61687,52858],{"class":1439},[20,61689,61690],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[350,61692,61694],{"id":61693},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[62,61696,61698],{"className":64,"code":61697,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61699,61700,61716,61735,61739,61749],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61701,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710,61712,61714],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61703,36216],{"class":77},[71,61705,82],{"class":81},[71,61707,1740],{"class":89},[71,61709,3184],{"class":99},[71,61711,56],{"class":103},[71,61713,3184],{"class":99},[71,61715,1757],{"class":89},[71,61717,61718,61720,61722,61724,61726,61728,61731,61733],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61719,36269],{"class":77},[71,61721,60],{"class":89},[71,61723,53611],{"class":133},[71,61725,90],{"class":89},[71,61727,3184],{"class":99},[71,61729,61730],{"class":103},"bc",[71,61732,3184],{"class":99},[71,61734,121],{"class":89},[71,61736,61737],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61738,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61740,61741,61743,61745,61747],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61742,128],{"class":127},[71,61744,90],{"class":89},[71,61746,36269],{"class":133},[71,61748,121],{"class":89},[71,61750,61751],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,61752,61753],{"class":1439},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61755,61756],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[350,61758,61760],{"id":61759},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[62,61762,61764],{"className":64,"code":61763,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61765,61766,61778,61800,61804,61814],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61767,61768,61770,61772,61774,61776],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61769,3950],{"class":77},[71,61771,82],{"class":81},[71,61773,1740],{"class":89},[71,61775,2449],{"class":117},[71,61777,1757],{"class":89},[71,61779,61780,61782,61784,61786,61788,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61781,3980],{"class":77},[71,61783,60],{"class":89},[71,61785,53611],{"class":133},[71,61787,90],{"class":89},[71,61789,60135],{"class":127},[71,61791,90],{"class":89},[71,61793,3320],{"class":117},[71,61795,109],{"class":89},[71,61797,2788],{"class":117},[71,61799,204],{"class":89},[71,61801,61802],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61803,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61805,61806,61808,61810,61812],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61807,128],{"class":127},[71,61809,90],{"class":89},[71,61811,3980],{"class":133},[71,61813,121],{"class":89},[71,61815,61816],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,61817,61818],{"class":1439},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61820,61821,61824,61825,2518,61827,17186,61829,60],{},[15,61822,61823],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61826,3320],{},[15,61828,630],{},[15,61830,640],{},[350,61832,61834],{"id":61833},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[62,61836,61838],{"className":64,"code":61837,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61839,61840,61856,61874,61878],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61841,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61843,1735],{"class":77},[71,61845,82],{"class":81},[71,61847,1740],{"class":89},[71,61849,3320],{"class":117},[71,61851,109],{"class":89},[71,61853,183],{"class":117},[71,61855,1757],{"class":89},[71,61857,61858,61860,61862,61864,61866,61868,61870,61872],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61859,1770],{"class":77},[71,61861,60],{"class":89},[71,61863,53611],{"class":133},[71,61865,5865],{"class":89},[71,61867,640],{"class":117},[71,61869,109],{"class":89},[71,61871,2788],{"class":117},[71,61873,30617],{"class":89},[71,61875,61876],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61877,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61879,61880,61882,61884,61886],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61881,128],{"class":127},[71,61883,90],{"class":89},[71,61885,1770],{"class":133},[71,61887,121],{"class":89},[20,61889,61890],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[288,61892,61894],{"id":61893},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61896,61897,2728,61899,60],{},[15,61898,53581],{},[15,61900,4110],{},[20,61902,61903,61904,228],{},"That means this is ",[30,61905,61906],{},"wrong",[62,61908,61910],{"className":64,"code":61909,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61911,61912,61928,61950,61954,61964],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61913,61914,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61915,3950],{"class":77},[71,61917,82],{"class":81},[71,61919,1740],{"class":89},[71,61921,3320],{"class":117},[71,61923,109],{"class":89},[71,61925,183],{"class":117},[71,61927,1757],{"class":89},[71,61929,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61931,1102],{"class":77},[71,61933,82],{"class":81},[71,61935,4599],{"class":77},[71,61937,60],{"class":89},[71,61939,53611],{"class":133},[71,61941,3317],{"class":89},[71,61943,640],{"class":117},[71,61945,109],{"class":89},[71,61947,2788],{"class":117},[71,61949,4222],{"class":89},[71,61951,61952],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,61953,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,61957,128],{"class":127},[71,61959,90],{"class":89},[71,61961,2594],{"class":133},[71,61963,121],{"class":89},[71,61965,61966],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,61967,61968],{"class":1439},"# None\n",[20,61970,61971],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[62,61973,61975],{"className":64,"code":61974,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61976,61977,61993,62015,62019,62029],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,61978,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,61980,3950],{"class":77},[71,61982,82],{"class":81},[71,61984,1740],{"class":89},[71,61986,3320],{"class":117},[71,61988,109],{"class":89},[71,61990,183],{"class":117},[71,61992,1757],{"class":89},[71,61994,61995,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011,62013],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,61996,3950],{"class":77},[71,61998,82],{"class":81},[71,62000,4599],{"class":77},[71,62002,60],{"class":89},[71,62004,53611],{"class":133},[71,62006,3317],{"class":89},[71,62008,640],{"class":117},[71,62010,109],{"class":89},[71,62012,2788],{"class":117},[71,62014,4222],{"class":89},[71,62016,62017],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62018,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62020,62021,62023,62025,62027],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62022,128],{"class":127},[71,62024,90],{"class":89},[71,62026,3980],{"class":133},[71,62028,121],{"class":89},[71,62030,62031],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62032,61968],{"class":1439},[20,62034,62035],{},"The correct way is:",[62,62037,62038],{"className":64,"code":61475,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,62039,62040,62056,62074,62078,62088],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62041,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052,62054],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62043,3950],{"class":77},[71,62045,82],{"class":81},[71,62047,1740],{"class":89},[71,62049,3320],{"class":117},[71,62051,109],{"class":89},[71,62053,183],{"class":117},[71,62055,1757],{"class":89},[71,62057,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62059,3980],{"class":77},[71,62061,60],{"class":89},[71,62063,53611],{"class":133},[71,62065,3317],{"class":89},[71,62067,640],{"class":117},[71,62069,109],{"class":89},[71,62071,2788],{"class":117},[71,62073,4222],{"class":89},[71,62075,62076],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62077,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62079,62080,62082,62084,62086],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62081,128],{"class":127},[71,62083,90],{"class":89},[71,62085,3980],{"class":133},[71,62087,121],{"class":89},[71,62089,62090],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62091,52858],{"class":1439},[20,62093,56044,62094,62096],{},[15,62095,53581],{}," first, then use the original list.",[288,62098,4855],{"id":4854},[20,62100,14845,62101,60],{},[15,62102,53581],{},[350,62104,62106,62107,62109],{"id":62105},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62108,53581],{}," to return a new list",[62,62111,62113],{"className":64,"code":62112,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62114,62115,62131,62153,62157,62167],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62116,62117,62119,62121,62123,62125,62127,62129],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62118,3950],{"class":77},[71,62120,82],{"class":81},[71,62122,1740],{"class":89},[71,62124,3320],{"class":117},[71,62126,109],{"class":89},[71,62128,183],{"class":117},[71,62130,1757],{"class":89},[71,62132,62133,62135,62137,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62134,55777],{"class":77},[71,62136,82],{"class":81},[71,62138,4599],{"class":77},[71,62140,60],{"class":89},[71,62142,53611],{"class":133},[71,62144,3317],{"class":89},[71,62146,640],{"class":117},[71,62148,109],{"class":89},[71,62150,2788],{"class":117},[71,62152,4222],{"class":89},[71,62154,62155],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62156,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62158,62159,62161,62163,62165],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62160,128],{"class":127},[71,62162,90],{"class":89},[71,62164,55796],{"class":133},[71,62166,121],{"class":89},[71,62168,62169],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62170,61968],{"class":1439},[20,62172,62173,62174,60],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62175,53581],{},[350,62177,62179,62180,44761,62182,62184],{"id":62178},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62181,52787],{},[15,62183,53581],{}," is needed",[62,62186,62187],{"className":64,"code":61538,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,62188,62189,62205,62223,62227,62237],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62190,62191,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62192,3950],{"class":77},[71,62194,82],{"class":81},[71,62196,1740],{"class":89},[71,62198,3320],{"class":117},[71,62200,109],{"class":89},[71,62202,183],{"class":117},[71,62204,1757],{"class":89},[71,62206,62207,62209,62211,62213,62215,62217,62219,62221],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62208,3980],{"class":77},[71,62210,60],{"class":89},[71,62212,13664],{"class":133},[71,62214,3317],{"class":89},[71,62216,640],{"class":117},[71,62218,109],{"class":89},[71,62220,2788],{"class":117},[71,62222,4222],{"class":89},[71,62224,62225],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62226,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62228,62229,62231,62233,62235],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62230,128],{"class":127},[71,62232,90],{"class":89},[71,62234,3980],{"class":133},[71,62236,121],{"class":89},[71,62238,62239],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62240,61593],{"class":1439},[20,62242,62243,62244,54026,62246,6970],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62245,54025],{},[15,62247,53581],{},[350,62249,62251],{"id":62250},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[62,62253,62255],{"className":64,"code":62254,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62256,62257,62273,62291,62295,62305],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62258,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269,62271],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62260,4405],{"class":77},[71,62262,82],{"class":81},[71,62264,1740],{"class":89},[71,62266,3184],{"class":99},[71,62268,4177],{"class":103},[71,62270,3184],{"class":99},[71,62272,1757],{"class":89},[71,62274,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285,62287,62289],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62276,4449],{"class":77},[71,62278,60],{"class":89},[71,62280,53611],{"class":133},[71,62282,90],{"class":89},[71,62284,3184],{"class":99},[71,62286,60728],{"class":103},[71,62288,3184],{"class":99},[71,62290,121],{"class":89},[71,62292,62293],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62294,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62296,62297,62299,62301,62303],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62298,128],{"class":127},[71,62300,90],{"class":89},[71,62302,4449],{"class":133},[71,62304,121],{"class":89},[71,62306,62307],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62308,62309],{"class":1439},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62311,62312,62313,62316,62317,228],{},"If you want ",[15,62314,62315],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62318,52787],{},[62,62320,62322],{"className":64,"code":62321,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62323,62324,62340,62358,62362,62372],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62325,62326,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62327,4405],{"class":77},[71,62329,82],{"class":81},[71,62331,1740],{"class":89},[71,62333,3184],{"class":99},[71,62335,4177],{"class":103},[71,62337,3184],{"class":99},[71,62339,1757],{"class":89},[71,62341,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352,62354,62356],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62343,4449],{"class":77},[71,62345,60],{"class":89},[71,62347,13664],{"class":133},[71,62349,90],{"class":89},[71,62351,3184],{"class":99},[71,62353,60728],{"class":103},[71,62355,3184],{"class":99},[71,62357,121],{"class":89},[71,62359,62360],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62361,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62363,62364,62366,62368,62370],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62365,128],{"class":127},[71,62367,90],{"class":89},[71,62369,4449],{"class":133},[71,62371,121],{"class":89},[71,62373,62374],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62375,62376],{"class":1439},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[350,62378,62380],{"id":62379},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[62,62382,62384],{"className":64,"code":62383,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62385,62386,62402],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62387,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396,62398,62400],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62389,3950],{"class":77},[71,62391,82],{"class":81},[71,62393,1740],{"class":89},[71,62395,3320],{"class":117},[71,62397,109],{"class":89},[71,62399,183],{"class":117},[71,62401,1757],{"class":89},[71,62403,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412,62414],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62405,3980],{"class":77},[71,62407,60],{"class":89},[71,62409,53611],{"class":133},[71,62411,90],{"class":89},[71,62413,2466],{"class":117},[71,62415,121],{"class":89},[20,62417,39782,62418,6890],{},[15,62419,2466],{},[20,62421,62422,62423,62425,62426,62429],{},"You will get a ",[15,62424,3337],{},". See ",[56,62427,62428],{"href":52734},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62431,62432],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[62,62434,62436],{"className":64,"code":62435,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62437,62438,62448,62462,62474],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62439,62440,62442,62444,62446],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62441,128],{"class":127},[71,62443,90],{"class":89},[71,62445,8679],{"class":133},[71,62447,121],{"class":89},[71,62449,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62451,128],{"class":127},[71,62453,90],{"class":89},[71,62455,735],{"class":85},[71,62457,90],{"class":89},[71,62459,5694],{"class":133},[71,62461,204],{"class":89},[71,62463,62464,62466,62468,62470,62472],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62465,128],{"class":127},[71,62467,90],{"class":89},[71,62469,2594],{"class":133},[71,62471,3993],{"class":89},[71,62473,121],{"class":77},[71,62475,62476,62478,62480,62482,62484,62486],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62477,32274],{"class":127},[71,62479,90],{"class":89},[71,62481,8433],{"class":85},[71,62483,60],{"class":89},[71,62485,53611],{"class":24868},[71,62487,121],{"class":89},[43711,62489,62490],{},[20,62491,62492,62493,62496,62497,62499,62500,60],{},"Note: ",[15,62494,62495],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62498,3993],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62501,33149],{},[20,62503,62504],{},"Correct debugging example:",[62,62506,62508],{"className":64,"code":62507,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62509,62510,62526,62542,62546,62560,62564,62572,62582,62596,62606],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62511,62512,62514,62516,62518,62520,62522,62524],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62513,8648],{"class":77},[71,62515,82],{"class":81},[71,62517,1740],{"class":89},[71,62519,3320],{"class":117},[71,62521,109],{"class":89},[71,62523,183],{"class":117},[71,62525,1757],{"class":89},[71,62527,62528,62530,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62529,4154],{"class":77},[71,62531,82],{"class":81},[71,62533,1740],{"class":89},[71,62535,640],{"class":117},[71,62537,109],{"class":89},[71,62539,2788],{"class":117},[71,62541,1757],{"class":89},[71,62543,62544],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62545,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62547,62548,62550,62552,62554,62556,62558],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62549,8679],{"class":77},[71,62551,60],{"class":89},[71,62553,53611],{"class":133},[71,62555,90],{"class":89},[71,62557,5694],{"class":133},[71,62559,121],{"class":89},[71,62561,62562],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62563,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62565,62566,62568,62570],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,62567,1102],{"class":77},[71,62569,82],{"class":81},[71,62571,48660],{"class":4184},[71,62573,62574,62576,62578,62580],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,62575,128],{"class":127},[71,62577,90],{"class":89},[71,62579,8679],{"class":133},[71,62581,121],{"class":89},[71,62583,62584,62586,62588,62590,62592,62594],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,62585,128],{"class":127},[71,62587,90],{"class":89},[71,62589,735],{"class":85},[71,62591,90],{"class":89},[71,62593,5694],{"class":133},[71,62595,204],{"class":89},[71,62597,62598,62600,62602,62604],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,62599,128],{"class":127},[71,62601,90],{"class":89},[71,62603,2594],{"class":133},[71,62605,121],{"class":89},[71,62607,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616,62618],{"class":73,"line":6775},[71,62609,32274],{"class":127},[71,62611,90],{"class":89},[71,62613,8433],{"class":85},[71,62615,60],{"class":89},[71,62617,53611],{"class":24868},[71,62619,121],{"class":89},[288,62621,5298,62623],{"id":62622},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62624,53581],{},[20,62626,283,62627,6655],{},[15,62628,53581],{},[40,62630,62631,62634,62637],{},[43,62632,62633],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[43,62635,62636],{},"Add multiple values at once",[43,62638,62639],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62641,5808],{},[62,62643,62645],{"className":64,"code":62644,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62646,62647,62664,62682,62686,62702,62706,62716],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62648,62649,62652,62654,62656,62658,62660,62662],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62650,62651],{"class":77},"all_scores ",[71,62653,82],{"class":81},[71,62655,1740],{"class":89},[71,62657,13613],{"class":117},[71,62659,109],{"class":89},[71,62661,13618],{"class":117},[71,62663,1757],{"class":89},[71,62665,62666,62669,62671,62673,62675,62677,62680],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62667,62668],{"class":77},"new_scores ",[71,62670,82],{"class":81},[71,62672,1740],{"class":89},[71,62674,51639],{"class":117},[71,62676,109],{"class":89},[71,62678,62679],{"class":117}," 92",[71,62681,1757],{"class":89},[71,62683,62684],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62685,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62687,62688,62691,62693,62695,62697,62700],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62689,62690],{"class":77},"all_scores",[71,62692,60],{"class":89},[71,62694,53611],{"class":133},[71,62696,90],{"class":89},[71,62698,62699],{"class":133},"new_scores",[71,62701,121],{"class":89},[71,62703,62704],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62705,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62707,62708,62710,62712,62714],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,62709,128],{"class":127},[71,62711,90],{"class":89},[71,62713,62690],{"class":133},[71,62715,121],{"class":89},[71,62717,62718],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,62719,62720],{"class":1439},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62722,62723,62724,62726,62727,60],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62725,52787],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[56,62728,55655,62729,1709],{"href":54043},[15,62730,54403],{},[288,62732,2163],{"id":2162},[350,62734,12813,62736,55604],{"id":62735},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62737,53482],{},[20,62739,62740,62741,60],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62742,4110],{},[350,62744,2167,62746,1560,62748,2172],{"id":62745},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62747,53581],{},[15,62749,52787],{},[20,62751,62752,62754,62755,62757],{},[15,62753,53581],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62756,52787],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[350,62759,28448,62761,62763],{"id":62760},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62762,53581],{}," with a string?",[20,62765,62766],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[350,62768,28448,62770,62772],{"id":62769},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62771,53581],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62774,62775],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[350,62777,62779,62780,2172],{"id":62778},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62781,53581],{},[20,62783,62784,62785,62787],{},"You get a ",[15,62786,3337],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[288,62789,2221],{"id":2220},[40,62791,62792,62798,62802,62806,62810,62816,62820],{},[43,62793,62794],{},[56,62795,55655,62796,1709],{"href":56904},[15,62797,52787],{},[43,62799,62800],{},[56,62801,54413],{"href":53183},[43,62803,62804],{},[56,62805,57364],{"href":57289},[43,62807,62808],{},[56,62809,52906],{"href":51113},[43,62811,62812],{},[56,62813,55655,62814,1709],{"href":54043},[15,62815,54403],{},[43,62817,62818],{},[56,62819,62428],{"href":52734},[43,62821,62822],{},[56,62823,55655,62824,1709],{"href":55095},[15,62825,12886],{},[20,62827,62828,62829,62831,62832,62834],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62830,52787],{},", when to use ",[15,62833,54403],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2250,62836,62837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":62839},[62840,62841,62843,62844,62845,62852,62859,62860,62868,62870,62882],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":61237,"depth":124,"text":62842},"What list.extend() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":61318,"depth":124,"text":61319},{"id":61455,"depth":124,"text":62846,"children":62847},"extend() vs append()",[62848,62850],{"id":61469,"depth":139,"text":62849},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61532,"depth":139,"text":62851},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61618,"depth":124,"text":62853,"children":62854},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62855,62856,62857,62858],{"id":61629,"depth":139,"text":61630},{"id":61693,"depth":139,"text":61694},{"id":61759,"depth":139,"text":61760},{"id":61833,"depth":139,"text":61834},{"id":61893,"depth":124,"text":61894},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":62861},[62862,62864,62866,62867],{"id":62105,"depth":139,"text":62863},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62178,"depth":139,"text":62865},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62250,"depth":139,"text":62251},{"id":62379,"depth":139,"text":62380},{"id":62622,"depth":124,"text":62869},"When to use extend()",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":62871},[62872,62874,62876,62878,62880],{"id":62735,"depth":139,"text":62873},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62745,"depth":139,"text":62875},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62760,"depth":139,"text":62877},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62769,"depth":139,"text":62879},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62778,"depth":139,"text":62881},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61141,"description":62883},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62890,"title":62891,"body":62892,"description":64983,"extension":2292,"meta":64984,"navigation":142,"path":64985,"seo":64986,"stem":64987,"__hash__":64988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62893,"toc":64946},[62894,62897,62902,62908,62919,62925,62927,62996,62998,63047,63055,63059,63064,63067,63078,63083,63085,63087,63108,63121,63124,63137,63139,63144,63169,63171,63179,63182,63251,63253,63277,63283,63287,63291,63327,63329,63349,63356,63360,63393,63395,63429,63434,63438,63471,63473,63501,63509,63513,63550,63552,63573,63576,63580,63649,63651,63675,63681,63688,63692,63695,63697,63711,63714,63738,63740,63765,63768,63787,63789,63815,63824,63828,63835,63912,63914,63955,63961,63967,64058,64060,64116,64119,64124,64128,64133,64137,64196,64198,64223,64227,64290,64292,64317,64321,64384,64386,64429,64432,64436,64440,64462,64466,64548,64550,64585,64593,64595,64599,64603,64605,64632,64637,64639,64666,64673,64676,64699,64701,64750,64753,64756,64775,64779,64782,64833,64836,64842,64846,64851,64854,64856,64862,64871,64875,64881,64885,64888,64892,64895,64899,64905,64907,64943],[10,62895,62891],{"id":62896},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62898,22,62899,62901],{},[15,62900,24899],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62903,62904,62905,62907],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62906,24899],{}," for two main reasons:",[40,62909,62910,62913],{},[43,62911,62912],{},"to make an empty list",[43,62914,62915,62916,62918],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62917,60135],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62920,62921,62922,62924],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62923,24899],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[288,62926,2334],{"id":2333},[62,62928,62930],{"className":64,"code":62929,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62931,62932,62954,62972,62976,62986],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,62933,62934,62936,62938,62940,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,62935,3950],{"class":77},[71,62937,82],{"class":81},[71,62939,22677],{"class":85},[71,62941,5846],{"class":89},[71,62943,3320],{"class":117},[71,62945,109],{"class":89},[71,62947,183],{"class":117},[71,62949,109],{"class":89},[71,62951,701],{"class":117},[71,62953,204],{"class":89},[71,62955,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,62957,36216],{"class":77},[71,62959,82],{"class":81},[71,62961,22677],{"class":85},[71,62963,90],{"class":89},[71,62965,3184],{"class":99},[71,62967,41690],{"class":103},[71,62969,3184],{"class":99},[71,62971,121],{"class":89},[71,62973,62974],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,62975,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,62977,62978,62980,62982,62984],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,62979,128],{"class":127},[71,62981,90],{"class":89},[71,62983,3980],{"class":133},[71,62985,121],{"class":89},[71,62987,62988,62990,62992,62994],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,62989,128],{"class":127},[71,62991,90],{"class":89},[71,62993,36269],{"class":133},[71,62995,121],{"class":89},[20,62997,209],{},[62,62999,63001],{"className":64,"code":63000,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63002,63003,63019],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63004,63005,63007,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63006,4234],{"class":89},[71,63008,3320],{"class":117},[71,63010,109],{"class":89},[71,63012,183],{"class":117},[71,63014,109],{"class":89},[71,63016,701],{"class":117},[71,63018,1757],{"class":89},[71,63020,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029,63031,63033,63035,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63022,4234],{"class":89},[71,63024,100],{"class":99},[71,63026,56],{"class":103},[71,63028,100],{"class":99},[71,63030,109],{"class":89},[71,63032,231],{"class":99},[71,63034,176],{"class":103},[71,63036,100],{"class":99},[71,63038,109],{"class":89},[71,63040,231],{"class":99},[71,63042,694],{"class":103},[71,63044,100],{"class":99},[71,63046,1757],{"class":89},[20,63048,283,63049,63051,63052,63054],{},[15,63050,24899],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63053,60135],{},", set, or dictionary.",[288,63056,63058],{"id":63057},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63060,63061,63063],{},[15,63062,24899],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63065,63066],{},"It can:",[40,63068,63069,63072,63075],{},[43,63070,63071],{},"create a new list object",[43,63073,63074],{},"make an empty list",[43,63076,63077],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63079,63080,63081,60],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[56,63082,52906],{"href":51113},[288,63084,343],{"id":342},[20,63086,26606],{},[62,63088,63090],{"className":64,"code":63089,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63091,63092,63098],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63093,63094,63096],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63095,8433],{"class":85},[71,63097,369],{"class":89},[71,63099,63100,63102,63104,63106],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63101,8433],{"class":85},[71,63103,90],{"class":89},[71,63105,4052],{"class":133},[71,63107,121],{"class":89},[40,63109,63110,63115],{},[43,63111,63112,63114],{},[15,63113,24899],{}," makes an empty list",[43,63116,63117,63120],{},[15,63118,63119],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63122,63123],{},"Common iterable values include:",[40,63125,63126,63128,63130,63132,63135],{},[43,63127,5644],{},[43,63129,5638],{},[43,63131,5641],{},[43,63133,63134],{},"ranges",[43,63136,7591],{},[288,63138,59757],{"id":59756},[20,63140,283,63141,63143],{},[15,63142,24899],{}," with no arguments:",[62,63145,63147],{"className":64,"code":63146,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63148,63149,63159],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63150,63151,63153,63155,63157],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63152,1735],{"class":77},[71,63154,82],{"class":81},[71,63156,22677],{"class":85},[71,63158,369],{"class":89},[71,63160,63161,63163,63165,63167],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63162,128],{"class":127},[71,63164,90],{"class":89},[71,63166,1770],{"class":133},[71,63168,121],{"class":89},[20,63170,209],{},[62,63172,63173],{"className":64,"code":38425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,63174,63175],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63176,63177],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63178,38425],{"class":89},[20,63180,63181],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[62,63183,63185],{"className":64,"code":63184,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63186,63187,63197,63201,63219,63237,63241],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63188,63189,63191,63193,63195],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63190,1735],{"class":77},[71,63192,82],{"class":81},[71,63194,22677],{"class":85},[71,63196,369],{"class":89},[71,63198,63199],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63200,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,63202,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,63204,1770],{"class":77},[71,63206,60],{"class":89},[71,63208,13664],{"class":133},[71,63210,90],{"class":89},[71,63212,3184],{"class":99},[71,63214,4414],{"class":103},[71,63216,3184],{"class":99},[71,63218,121],{"class":89},[71,63220,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,63222,1770],{"class":77},[71,63224,60],{"class":89},[71,63226,13664],{"class":133},[71,63228,90],{"class":89},[71,63230,3184],{"class":99},[71,63232,4423],{"class":103},[71,63234,3184],{"class":99},[71,63236,121],{"class":89},[71,63238,63239],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,63240,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,63242,63243,63245,63247,63249],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,63244,128],{"class":127},[71,63246,90],{"class":89},[71,63248,1770],{"class":133},[71,63250,121],{"class":89},[20,63252,209],{},[62,63254,63255],{"className":64,"code":38551,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,63256,63257],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63258,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267,63269,63271,63273,63275],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63260,4234],{"class":89},[71,63262,100],{"class":99},[71,63264,4414],{"class":103},[71,63266,100],{"class":99},[71,63268,109],{"class":89},[71,63270,231],{"class":99},[71,63272,4423],{"class":103},[71,63274,100],{"class":99},[71,63276,1757],{"class":89},[20,63278,63279,63280,63282],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63281,4119],{},". Both are valid.",[288,63284,63286],{"id":63285},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[350,63288,63290],{"id":63289},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[62,63292,63293],{"className":64,"code":60055,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,63294,63295,63317],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63296,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63298,3950],{"class":77},[71,63300,82],{"class":81},[71,63302,22677],{"class":85},[71,63304,5846],{"class":89},[71,63306,3320],{"class":117},[71,63308,109],{"class":89},[71,63310,183],{"class":117},[71,63312,109],{"class":89},[71,63314,701],{"class":117},[71,63316,204],{"class":89},[71,63318,63319,63321,63323,63325],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63320,128],{"class":127},[71,63322,90],{"class":89},[71,63324,3980],{"class":133},[71,63326,121],{"class":89},[20,63328,209],{},[62,63330,63331],{"className":64,"code":55285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,63332,63333],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63334,63335,63337,63339,63341,63343,63345,63347],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63336,4234],{"class":89},[71,63338,3320],{"class":117},[71,63340,109],{"class":89},[71,63342,183],{"class":117},[71,63344,109],{"class":89},[71,63346,701],{"class":117},[71,63348,1757],{"class":89},[20,63350,63351,63352,60],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[56,63353,63355],{"href":63354},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[350,63357,63359],{"id":63358},"string-to-list","String to list",[62,63361,63363],{"className":64,"code":63362,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63364,63365,63383],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63366,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63368,36216],{"class":77},[71,63370,82],{"class":81},[71,63372,22677],{"class":85},[71,63374,90],{"class":89},[71,63376,3184],{"class":99},[71,63378,37174],{"class":103},[71,63380,3184],{"class":99},[71,63382,121],{"class":89},[71,63384,63385,63387,63389,63391],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63386,128],{"class":127},[71,63388,90],{"class":89},[71,63390,36269],{"class":133},[71,63392,121],{"class":89},[20,63394,209],{},[62,63396,63398],{"className":64,"code":63397,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63399,63400],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63401,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422,63425,63427],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63403,4234],{"class":89},[71,63405,100],{"class":99},[71,63407,694],{"class":103},[71,63409,100],{"class":99},[71,63411,109],{"class":89},[71,63413,231],{"class":99},[71,63415,56],{"class":103},[71,63417,100],{"class":99},[71,63419,109],{"class":89},[71,63421,231],{"class":99},[71,63423,63424],{"class":103},"t",[71,63426,100],{"class":99},[71,63428,1757],{"class":89},[20,63430,63431,63433],{},[15,63432,24899],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[350,63435,63437],{"id":63436},"range-to-list","Range to list",[62,63439,63441],{"className":64,"code":63440,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63442,63443,63461],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63444,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63446,3950],{"class":77},[71,63448,82],{"class":81},[71,63450,22677],{"class":85},[71,63452,90],{"class":89},[71,63454,60135],{"class":127},[71,63456,90],{"class":89},[71,63458,2466],{"class":117},[71,63460,204],{"class":89},[71,63462,63463,63465,63467,63469],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63464,128],{"class":127},[71,63466,90],{"class":89},[71,63468,3980],{"class":133},[71,63470,121],{"class":89},[20,63472,209],{},[62,63474,63475],{"className":64,"code":60158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,63476,63477],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63478,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63480,4234],{"class":89},[71,63482,2449],{"class":117},[71,63484,109],{"class":89},[71,63486,165],{"class":117},[71,63488,109],{"class":89},[71,63490,183],{"class":117},[71,63492,109],{"class":89},[71,63494,701],{"class":117},[71,63496,109],{"class":89},[71,63498,2788],{"class":117},[71,63500,1757],{"class":89},[20,63502,63503,63504,63508],{},"This is common when working with ",[56,63505,63506],{"href":36321},[15,63507,36324],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[350,63510,63512],{"id":63511},"set-to-list","Set to list",[62,63514,63516],{"className":64,"code":63515,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63517,63518,63540],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63519,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63521,4154],{"class":77},[71,63523,82],{"class":81},[71,63525,22677],{"class":85},[71,63527,5865],{"class":89},[71,63529,2661],{"class":117},[71,63531,109],{"class":89},[71,63533,8129],{"class":117},[71,63535,109],{"class":89},[71,63537,8134],{"class":117},[71,63539,30617],{"class":89},[71,63541,63542,63544,63546,63548],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63543,128],{"class":127},[71,63545,90],{"class":89},[71,63547,5694],{"class":133},[71,63549,121],{"class":89},[20,63551,17072],{},[62,63553,63555],{"className":64,"code":63554,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63556,63557],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63558,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63560,4234],{"class":89},[71,63562,2661],{"class":117},[71,63564,109],{"class":89},[71,63566,8129],{"class":117},[71,63568,109],{"class":89},[71,63570,8134],{"class":117},[71,63572,1757],{"class":89},[20,63574,63575],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[350,63577,63579],{"id":63578},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[62,63581,63583],{"className":64,"code":63582,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63584,63585,63621,63635,63639],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63586,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63588,13315],{"class":77},[71,63590,82],{"class":81},[71,63592,1456],{"class":89},[71,63594,3184],{"class":99},[71,63596,94],{"class":103},[71,63598,3184],{"class":99},[71,63600,228],{"class":89},[71,63602,3683],{"class":99},[71,63604,12990],{"class":103},[71,63606,3184],{"class":99},[71,63608,109],{"class":89},[71,63610,3683],{"class":99},[71,63612,242],{"class":103},[71,63614,3184],{"class":99},[71,63616,228],{"class":89},[71,63618,249],{"class":117},[71,63620,252],{"class":89},[71,63622,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63624,1102],{"class":77},[71,63626,82],{"class":81},[71,63628,22677],{"class":85},[71,63630,90],{"class":89},[71,63632,17421],{"class":133},[71,63634,121],{"class":89},[71,63636,63637],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,63638,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,63640,63641,63643,63645,63647],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,63642,128],{"class":127},[71,63644,90],{"class":89},[71,63646,2594],{"class":133},[71,63648,121],{"class":89},[20,63650,209],{},[62,63652,63653],{"className":64,"code":25599,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,63654,63655],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63656,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63658,4234],{"class":89},[71,63660,100],{"class":99},[71,63662,94],{"class":103},[71,63664,100],{"class":99},[71,63666,109],{"class":89},[71,63668,231],{"class":99},[71,63670,242],{"class":103},[71,63672,100],{"class":99},[71,63674,1757],{"class":89},[20,63676,63677,63678,63680],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63679,24899],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63682,63683,63684,60],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[56,63685,63687],{"href":63686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[288,63689,63691],{"id":63690},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63693,63694],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63696,61292],{},[40,63698,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709],{},[43,63700,5635],{},[43,63702,5638],{},[43,63704,5644],{},[43,63706,5641],{},[43,63708,63134],{},[43,63710,7591],{},[20,63712,63713],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[62,63715,63717],{"className":64,"code":63716,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63718,63719],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63720,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63734,63736],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63722,128],{"class":127},[71,63724,90],{"class":89},[71,63726,8433],{"class":85},[71,63728,90],{"class":89},[71,63730,3184],{"class":99},[71,63732,63733],{"class":103},"hi",[71,63735,3184],{"class":99},[71,63737,204],{"class":89},[20,63739,209],{},[62,63741,63743],{"className":64,"code":63742,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63744,63745],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63746,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63748,4234],{"class":89},[71,63750,100],{"class":99},[71,63752,60575],{"class":103},[71,63754,100],{"class":99},[71,63756,109],{"class":89},[71,63758,231],{"class":99},[71,63760,36280],{"class":103},[71,63762,100],{"class":99},[71,63764,1757],{"class":89},[20,63766,63767],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[62,63769,63771],{"className":64,"code":63770,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63772,63773],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63774,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63776,128],{"class":127},[71,63778,90],{"class":89},[71,63780,8433],{"class":85},[71,63782,90],{"class":89},[71,63784,2466],{"class":117},[71,63786,204],{"class":89},[20,63788,209],{},[62,63790,63792],{"className":64,"code":63791,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63793,63794],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63795,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63797,3337],{"class":85},[71,63799,228],{"class":89},[71,63801,231],{"class":99},[71,63803,2517],{"class":103},[71,63805,100],{"class":99},[71,63807,24735],{"class":85},[71,63809,8436],{"class":81},[71,63811,8439],{"class":81},[71,63813,63814],{"class":77}," iterable\n",[20,63816,63817,63818,63820,63821,60],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[56,63819,5473],{"href":5922},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[56,63822,63823],{"href":52734},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[288,63825,63827],{"id":63826},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63829,63830,63831,63834],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63832,63833],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[62,63836,63838],{"className":64,"code":63837,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63839,63840,63860,63874,63878,63888,63898],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63841,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63843,12194],{"class":77},[71,63845,82],{"class":81},[71,63847,1740],{"class":89},[71,63849,3320],{"class":117},[71,63851,109],{"class":89},[71,63853,183],{"class":117},[71,63855,109],{"class":89},[71,63857,701],{"class":117},[71,63859,1757],{"class":89},[71,63861,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63863,14423],{"class":77},[71,63865,82],{"class":81},[71,63867,22677],{"class":85},[71,63869,90],{"class":89},[71,63871,12241],{"class":133},[71,63873,121],{"class":89},[71,63875,63876],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,63877,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,63879,63880,63882,63884,63886],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,63881,128],{"class":127},[71,63883,90],{"class":89},[71,63885,12241],{"class":133},[71,63887,121],{"class":89},[71,63889,63890,63892,63894,63896],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,63891,128],{"class":127},[71,63893,90],{"class":89},[71,63895,14442],{"class":133},[71,63897,121],{"class":89},[71,63899,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,63901,128],{"class":127},[71,63903,90],{"class":89},[71,63905,12194],{"class":133},[71,63907,12302],{"class":4209},[71,63909,14496],{"class":133},[71,63911,121],{"class":89},[20,63913,209],{},[62,63915,63917],{"className":64,"code":63916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63918,63919,63935,63951],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63920,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63922,4234],{"class":89},[71,63924,3320],{"class":117},[71,63926,109],{"class":89},[71,63928,183],{"class":117},[71,63930,109],{"class":89},[71,63932,701],{"class":117},[71,63934,1757],{"class":89},[71,63936,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,63938,4234],{"class":89},[71,63940,3320],{"class":117},[71,63942,109],{"class":89},[71,63944,183],{"class":117},[71,63946,109],{"class":89},[71,63948,701],{"class":117},[71,63950,1757],{"class":89},[71,63952,63953],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,63954,4375],{"class":4184},[20,63956,63957,63958,63960],{},"This means ",[15,63959,14442],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63962,63963,63964,63966],{},"However, this is only a ",[30,63965,12960],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[62,63968,63970],{"className":64,"code":63969,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63971,63972,63998,64012,64016,64034,64038,64048],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,63973,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,63975,12194],{"class":77},[71,63977,82],{"class":81},[71,63979,56429],{"class":89},[71,63981,3320],{"class":117},[71,63983,109],{"class":89},[71,63985,183],{"class":117},[71,63987,18177],{"class":89},[71,63989,1740],{"class":89},[71,63991,640],{"class":117},[71,63993,109],{"class":89},[71,63995,2788],{"class":117},[71,63997,53377],{"class":89},[71,63999,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,64001,14423],{"class":77},[71,64003,82],{"class":81},[71,64005,22677],{"class":85},[71,64007,90],{"class":89},[71,64009,12241],{"class":133},[71,64011,121],{"class":89},[71,64013,64014],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,64015,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,64017,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,64019,14442],{"class":77},[71,64021,4234],{"class":89},[71,64023,2449],{"class":117},[71,64025,13661],{"class":89},[71,64027,13664],{"class":133},[71,64029,90],{"class":89},[71,64031,56482],{"class":117},[71,64033,121],{"class":89},[71,64035,64036],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,64037,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,64039,64040,64042,64044,64046],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,64041,128],{"class":127},[71,64043,90],{"class":89},[71,64045,12241],{"class":133},[71,64047,121],{"class":89},[71,64049,64050,64052,64054,64056],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,64051,128],{"class":127},[71,64053,90],{"class":89},[71,64055,14442],{"class":133},[71,64057,121],{"class":89},[20,64059,209],{},[62,64061,64062],{"className":64,"code":56513,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,64063,64064,64090],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64065,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64067,56520],{"class":89},[71,64069,3320],{"class":117},[71,64071,109],{"class":89},[71,64073,183],{"class":117},[71,64075,109],{"class":89},[71,64077,1161],{"class":117},[71,64079,18177],{"class":89},[71,64081,1740],{"class":89},[71,64083,640],{"class":117},[71,64085,109],{"class":89},[71,64087,2788],{"class":117},[71,64089,53377],{"class":89},[71,64091,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,64093,56520],{"class":89},[71,64095,3320],{"class":117},[71,64097,109],{"class":89},[71,64099,183],{"class":117},[71,64101,109],{"class":89},[71,64103,1161],{"class":117},[71,64105,18177],{"class":89},[71,64107,1740],{"class":89},[71,64109,640],{"class":117},[71,64111,109],{"class":89},[71,64113,2788],{"class":117},[71,64115,53377],{"class":89},[20,64117,64118],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64120,64121,64122,60],{},"For more on this, see ",[56,64123,13902],{"href":13901},[288,64125,64127],{"id":64126},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64129,64130,64131,60],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64132,24899],{},[350,64134,64136],{"id":64135},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[62,64138,64140],{"className":64,"code":64139,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64141,64142,64182],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64143,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64145,12973],{"class":77},[71,64147,82],{"class":81},[71,64149,1456],{"class":89},[71,64151,3184],{"class":99},[71,64153,94],{"class":103},[71,64155,3184],{"class":99},[71,64157,228],{"class":89},[71,64159,3683],{"class":99},[71,64161,8260],{"class":103},[71,64163,3184],{"class":99},[71,64165,109],{"class":89},[71,64167,3683],{"class":99},[71,64169,20007],{"class":103},[71,64171,3184],{"class":99},[71,64173,228],{"class":89},[71,64175,3683],{"class":99},[71,64177,22362],{"class":103},[71,64179,3184],{"class":99},[71,64181,252],{"class":89},[71,64183,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,64185,128],{"class":127},[71,64187,90],{"class":89},[71,64189,8433],{"class":85},[71,64191,90],{"class":89},[71,64193,13737],{"class":133},[71,64195,204],{"class":89},[20,64197,209],{},[62,64199,64201],{"className":64,"code":64200,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64202,64203],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64204,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64206,4234],{"class":89},[71,64208,100],{"class":99},[71,64210,94],{"class":103},[71,64212,100],{"class":99},[71,64214,109],{"class":89},[71,64216,231],{"class":99},[71,64218,20007],{"class":103},[71,64220,100],{"class":99},[71,64222,1757],{"class":89},[350,64224,64226],{"id":64225},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[62,64228,64230],{"className":64,"code":64229,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64231,64232,64272],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64233,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64235,12973],{"class":77},[71,64237,82],{"class":81},[71,64239,1456],{"class":89},[71,64241,3184],{"class":99},[71,64243,94],{"class":103},[71,64245,3184],{"class":99},[71,64247,228],{"class":89},[71,64249,3683],{"class":99},[71,64251,8260],{"class":103},[71,64253,3184],{"class":99},[71,64255,109],{"class":89},[71,64257,3683],{"class":99},[71,64259,20007],{"class":103},[71,64261,3184],{"class":99},[71,64263,228],{"class":89},[71,64265,3683],{"class":99},[71,64267,22362],{"class":103},[71,64269,3184],{"class":99},[71,64271,252],{"class":89},[71,64273,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,64275,128],{"class":127},[71,64277,90],{"class":89},[71,64279,8433],{"class":85},[71,64281,90],{"class":89},[71,64283,13737],{"class":133},[71,64285,60],{"class":89},[71,64287,5694],{"class":133},[71,64289,6627],{"class":89},[20,64291,209],{},[62,64293,64295],{"className":64,"code":64294,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64296,64297],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64298,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64300,4234],{"class":89},[71,64302,100],{"class":99},[71,64304,8260],{"class":103},[71,64306,100],{"class":99},[71,64308,109],{"class":89},[71,64310,231],{"class":99},[71,64312,22362],{"class":103},[71,64314,100],{"class":99},[71,64316,1757],{"class":89},[350,64318,64320],{"id":64319},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[62,64322,64324],{"className":64,"code":64323,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64325,64326,64366],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64327,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64329,12973],{"class":77},[71,64331,82],{"class":81},[71,64333,1456],{"class":89},[71,64335,3184],{"class":99},[71,64337,94],{"class":103},[71,64339,3184],{"class":99},[71,64341,228],{"class":89},[71,64343,3683],{"class":99},[71,64345,8260],{"class":103},[71,64347,3184],{"class":99},[71,64349,109],{"class":89},[71,64351,3683],{"class":99},[71,64353,20007],{"class":103},[71,64355,3184],{"class":99},[71,64357,228],{"class":89},[71,64359,3683],{"class":99},[71,64361,22362],{"class":103},[71,64363,3184],{"class":99},[71,64365,252],{"class":89},[71,64367,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376,64378,64380,64382],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,64369,128],{"class":127},[71,64371,90],{"class":89},[71,64373,8433],{"class":85},[71,64375,90],{"class":89},[71,64377,13737],{"class":133},[71,64379,60],{"class":89},[71,64381,1770],{"class":133},[71,64383,6627],{"class":89},[20,64385,209],{},[62,64387,64389],{"className":64,"code":64388,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64390,64391],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64392,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64394,21857],{"class":89},[71,64396,100],{"class":99},[71,64398,94],{"class":103},[71,64400,100],{"class":99},[71,64402,109],{"class":89},[71,64404,231],{"class":99},[71,64406,8260],{"class":103},[71,64408,100],{"class":99},[71,64410,168],{"class":89},[71,64412,171],{"class":89},[71,64414,100],{"class":99},[71,64416,20007],{"class":103},[71,64418,100],{"class":99},[71,64420,109],{"class":89},[71,64422,231],{"class":99},[71,64424,22362],{"class":103},[71,64426,100],{"class":99},[71,64428,186],{"class":89},[20,64430,64431],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[288,64433,64435],{"id":64434},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64437,283,64438,1569],{},[15,64439,24899],{},[40,64441,64442,64450,64459],{},[43,64443,64444,64445,3209,64447],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64446,52787],{},[15,64448,64449],{},"sort()",[43,64451,64452,64453,3209,64455,64458],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64454,36324],{},[15,64456,64457],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[43,64460,64461],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64463,46172,64464,228],{},[15,64465,64457],{},[62,64467,64469],{"className":64,"code":64468,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64470,64471,64495,64511,64515,64538],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64472,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64474,5332],{"class":77},[71,64476,82],{"class":81},[71,64478,1740],{"class":89},[71,64480,3184],{"class":99},[71,64482,12990],{"class":103},[71,64484,3184],{"class":99},[71,64486,109],{"class":89},[71,64488,3683],{"class":99},[71,64490,36066],{"class":103},[71,64492,3184],{"class":99},[71,64494,1757],{"class":89},[71,64496,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,64498,5400],{"class":77},[71,64500,82],{"class":81},[71,64502,1740],{"class":89},[71,64504,13613],{"class":117},[71,64506,109],{"class":89},[71,64508,13618],{"class":117},[71,64510,1757],{"class":89},[71,64512,64513],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,64514,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,64516,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,64518,149],{"class":77},[71,64520,82],{"class":81},[71,64522,22677],{"class":85},[71,64524,90],{"class":89},[71,64526,64527],{"class":127},"zip",[71,64529,90],{"class":89},[71,64531,5375],{"class":133},[71,64533,109],{"class":89},[71,64535,5447],{"class":133},[71,64537,204],{"class":89},[71,64539,64540,64542,64544,64546],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,64541,128],{"class":127},[71,64543,90],{"class":89},[71,64545,201],{"class":133},[71,64547,121],{"class":89},[20,64549,209],{},[62,64551,64553],{"className":64,"code":64552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64554,64555],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64556,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64558,21857],{"class":89},[71,64560,100],{"class":99},[71,64562,12990],{"class":103},[71,64564,100],{"class":99},[71,64566,109],{"class":89},[71,64568,20014],{"class":117},[71,64570,168],{"class":89},[71,64572,171],{"class":89},[71,64574,100],{"class":99},[71,64576,36066],{"class":103},[71,64578,100],{"class":99},[71,64580,109],{"class":89},[71,64582,13618],{"class":117},[71,64584,186],{"class":89},[20,64586,64587,64588,64590,64591,60],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64589,52787],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[56,64592,53184],{"href":53183},[288,64594,4855],{"id":4854},[20,64596,56911,64597,60],{},[15,64598,24899],{},[350,64600,64602],{"id":64601},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64604,1725],{},[62,64606,64608],{"className":64,"code":64607,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64609,64610,64614],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64611,64612],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64613,4871],{"class":1439},[71,64615,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,64617,8433],{"class":85},[71,64619,90],{"class":89},[71,64621,3320],{"class":117},[71,64623,109],{"class":89},[71,64625,183],{"class":117},[71,64627,109],{"class":89},[71,64629,701],{"class":117},[71,64631,121],{"class":89},[20,64633,64634,64636],{},[15,64635,24899],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64638,18810],{},[62,64640,64642],{"className":64,"code":64641,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64643,64644],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64645,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64647,128],{"class":127},[71,64649,90],{"class":89},[71,64651,8433],{"class":85},[71,64653,5846],{"class":89},[71,64655,3320],{"class":117},[71,64657,109],{"class":89},[71,64659,183],{"class":117},[71,64661,109],{"class":89},[71,64663,701],{"class":117},[71,64665,3243],{"class":89},[350,64667,64669,64670],{"id":64668},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[71,64671,64672],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64674,64675],{},"This is a common surprise:",[62,64677,64679],{"className":64,"code":64678,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64680,64681],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64682,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64684,128],{"class":127},[71,64686,90],{"class":89},[71,64688,8433],{"class":85},[71,64690,90],{"class":89},[71,64692,3184],{"class":99},[71,64694,4177],{"class":103},[71,64696,3184],{"class":99},[71,64698,204],{"class":89},[20,64700,209],{},[62,64702,64704],{"className":64,"code":64703,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64705,64706],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64707,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64709,4234],{"class":89},[71,64711,100],{"class":99},[71,64713,60575],{"class":103},[71,64715,100],{"class":99},[71,64717,109],{"class":89},[71,64719,231],{"class":99},[71,64721,60584],{"class":103},[71,64723,100],{"class":99},[71,64725,109],{"class":89},[71,64727,231],{"class":99},[71,64729,60593],{"class":103},[71,64731,100],{"class":99},[71,64733,109],{"class":89},[71,64735,231],{"class":99},[71,64737,60593],{"class":103},[71,64739,100],{"class":99},[71,64741,109],{"class":89},[71,64743,231],{"class":99},[71,64745,60610],{"class":103},[71,64747,100],{"class":99},[71,64749,1757],{"class":89},[20,64751,64752],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64754,64755],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[62,64757,64759],{"className":64,"code":64758,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64760,64761],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64762,64763,64765,64767,64769,64771,64773],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64764,128],{"class":127},[71,64766,3317],{"class":89},[71,64768,3184],{"class":99},[71,64770,4177],{"class":103},[71,64772,3184],{"class":99},[71,64774,4222],{"class":89},[350,64776,64778],{"id":64777},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64780,64781],{},"This:",[62,64783,64785],{"className":64,"code":64784,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64786,64787,64819],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,64788,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,64790,78],{"class":77},[71,64792,82],{"class":81},[71,64794,1456],{"class":89},[71,64796,3184],{"class":99},[71,64798,56],{"class":103},[71,64800,3184],{"class":99},[71,64802,228],{"class":89},[71,64804,165],{"class":117},[71,64806,109],{"class":89},[71,64808,3683],{"class":99},[71,64810,176],{"class":103},[71,64812,3184],{"class":99},[71,64814,228],{"class":89},[71,64816,183],{"class":117},[71,64818,252],{"class":89},[71,64820,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,64822,128],{"class":127},[71,64824,90],{"class":89},[71,64826,8433],{"class":85},[71,64828,90],{"class":89},[71,64830,134],{"class":133},[71,64832,204],{"class":89},[20,64834,64835],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64837,283,64838,64841],{},[15,64839,64840],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[350,64843,64845],{"id":64844},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64847,64848,64850],{},[15,64849,24899],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64852,64853],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[288,64855,2163],{"id":2162},[350,64857,2167,64859,64861],{"id":64858},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[71,64860],{}," and list()?",[20,64863,64864,64865,64867,64868,64870],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64866,4119],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64869,24899],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[350,64872,64874],{"id":64873},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64876,64877,64878,64880],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64879,24899],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[350,64882,64884],{"id":64883},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64886,64887],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[350,64889,64891],{"id":64890},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64893,64894],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[350,64896,64898],{"id":64897},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64900,64901,64902,64904],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64903,24899],{}," cannot loop through it.",[288,64906,2221],{"id":2220},[40,64908,64909,64913,64918,64922,64926,64930,64934,64939],{},[43,64910,64911],{},[56,64912,52906],{"href":51113},[43,64914,64915],{},[56,64916,64917],{"href":36321},"Python range() function explained",[43,64919,64920],{},[56,64921,63355],{"href":63354},[43,64923,64924],{},[56,64925,63687],{"href":63686},[43,64927,64928],{},[56,64929,5551],{"href":5922},[43,64931,64932],{},[56,64933,13902],{"href":13901},[43,64935,64936],{},[56,64937,64938],{"href":52734},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[43,64940,64941],{},[56,64942,54413],{"href":53183},[2250,64944,64945],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":64947},[64948,64949,64950,64951,64952,64959,64960,64961,64966,64967,64974,64982],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":63057,"depth":124,"text":63058},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":59756,"depth":124,"text":59757},{"id":63285,"depth":124,"text":63286,"children":64953},[64954,64955,64956,64957,64958],{"id":63289,"depth":139,"text":63290},{"id":63358,"depth":139,"text":63359},{"id":63436,"depth":139,"text":63437},{"id":63511,"depth":139,"text":63512},{"id":63578,"depth":139,"text":63579},{"id":63690,"depth":124,"text":63691},{"id":63826,"depth":124,"text":63827},{"id":64126,"depth":124,"text":64127,"children":64962},[64963,64964,64965],{"id":64135,"depth":139,"text":64136},{"id":64225,"depth":139,"text":64226},{"id":64319,"depth":139,"text":64320},{"id":64434,"depth":124,"text":64435},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":64968},[64969,64970,64972,64973],{"id":64601,"depth":139,"text":64602},{"id":64668,"depth":139,"text":64971},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64777,"depth":139,"text":64778},{"id":64844,"depth":139,"text":64845},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":64975},[64976,64978,64979,64980,64981],{"id":64858,"depth":139,"text":64977},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64873,"depth":139,"text":64874},{"id":64883,"depth":139,"text":64884},{"id":64890,"depth":139,"text":64891},{"id":64897,"depth":139,"text":64898},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62891,"description":64983},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64990,"title":64991,"body":64992,"description":66343,"extension":2292,"meta":66344,"navigation":142,"path":66345,"seo":66346,"stem":66347,"__hash__":66348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64993,"toc":66317},[64994,64999,65005,65014,65016,65089,65098,65103,65107,65123,65127,65129,65131,65150,65153,65181,65184,65209,65217,65219,65224,65231,65233,65290,65292,65300,65306,65310,65313,65386,65388,65396,65399,65422,65429,65435,65439,65445,65516,65518,65526,65535,65542,65549,65557,65701,65703,65720,65723,65762,65765,65769,65774,65776,65835,65841,65844,65951,65953,65968,65971,65978,65980,65984,66132,66135,66196,66199,66202,66223,66228,66232,66243,66246,66248,66253,66256,66264,66269,66275,66278,66284,66292,66294,66314],[10,64995,54477,64997,11428],{"id":64996},"python-list-index-method",[15,64998,59104],{},[20,65000,65001,65004],{},[15,65002,65003],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65006,65007,65008,65011,65012,60],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[30,65009,65010],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65013,40833],{},[288,65015,3940],{"id":3939},[62,65017,65019],{"className":64,"code":65018,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65020,65021,65053,65076],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65022,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65024,1735],{"class":77},[71,65026,82],{"class":81},[71,65028,1740],{"class":89},[71,65030,3184],{"class":99},[71,65032,4414],{"class":103},[71,65034,3184],{"class":99},[71,65036,109],{"class":89},[71,65038,3683],{"class":99},[71,65040,4423],{"class":103},[71,65042,3184],{"class":99},[71,65044,109],{"class":89},[71,65046,3683],{"class":99},[71,65048,4432],{"class":103},[71,65050,3184],{"class":99},[71,65052,1757],{"class":89},[71,65054,65055,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,65056,65057],{"class":77},"position ",[71,65059,82],{"class":81},[71,65061,6302],{"class":77},[71,65063,60],{"class":89},[71,65065,35971],{"class":133},[71,65067,90],{"class":89},[71,65069,3184],{"class":99},[71,65071,4423],{"class":103},[71,65073,3184],{"class":99},[71,65075,121],{"class":89},[71,65077,65078,65080,65082,65085,65087],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,65079,128],{"class":127},[71,65081,90],{"class":89},[71,65083,65084],{"class":133},"position",[71,65086,3993],{"class":89},[71,65088,27899],{"class":1439},[20,65090,283,65091,65094,65095,65097],{},[15,65092,65093],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65096,40833],{}," if the item is not found.",[288,65099,291,65101,294],{"id":65100},"what-listindex-does",[15,65102,65003],{},[20,65104,65105,228],{},[15,65106,65003],{},[40,65108,65109,65112,65115,65120],{},[43,65110,65111],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[43,65113,65114],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[43,65116,65117,65118],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65119,2449],{},[43,65121,65122],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65124,54702,65125,60],{},[56,65126,52906],{"href":54705},[288,65128,343],{"id":342},[20,65130,30846],{},[62,65132,65134],{"className":64,"code":65133,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65135,65136],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65137,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65139,8679],{"class":77},[71,65141,60],{"class":89},[71,65143,35971],{"class":133},[71,65145,90],{"class":89},[71,65147,2804],{"class":133},[71,65149,121],{"class":89},[20,65151,65152],{},"You can also limit the search:",[62,65154,65156],{"className":64,"code":65155,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65157,65158],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65159,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65179],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65161,8679],{"class":77},[71,65163,60],{"class":89},[71,65165,35971],{"class":133},[71,65167,90],{"class":89},[71,65169,2804],{"class":133},[71,65171,109],{"class":89},[71,65173,36177],{"class":133},[71,65175,109],{"class":89},[71,65177,65178],{"class":133}," end",[71,65180,121],{"class":89},[20,65182,65183],{},"Here is what each part means:",[40,65185,65186,65191,65196,65201],{},[43,65187,65188,65190],{},[15,65189,2804],{},": the item to search for",[43,65192,65193,65195],{},[15,65194,36198],{},": where the search begins",[43,65197,65198,65200],{},[15,65199,52795],{},": where the search stops",[43,65202,65203,5120,65205,65208],{},[15,65204,52795],{},[30,65206,65207],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65210,65211,65212,65214,65215,60],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65213,36198],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65216,52795],{},[288,65218,38148],{"id":38147},[20,65220,65221,65223],{},[15,65222,65003],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65225,65226,65227,65230],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[30,65228,65229],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65232,2537],{},[62,65234,65236],{"className":64,"code":65235,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65237,65238,65258,65276,65280],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65239,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65241,3950],{"class":77},[71,65243,82],{"class":81},[71,65245,1740],{"class":89},[71,65247,2661],{"class":117},[71,65249,109],{"class":89},[71,65251,8129],{"class":117},[71,65253,109],{"class":89},[71,65255,8134],{"class":117},[71,65257,1757],{"class":89},[71,65259,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,65261,1102],{"class":77},[71,65263,82],{"class":81},[71,65265,4599],{"class":77},[71,65267,60],{"class":89},[71,65269,35971],{"class":133},[71,65271,90],{"class":89},[71,65273,15867],{"class":117},[71,65275,121],{"class":89},[71,65277,65278],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,65279,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,65281,65282,65284,65286,65288],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,65283,128],{"class":127},[71,65285,90],{"class":89},[71,65287,2594],{"class":133},[71,65289,121],{"class":89},[20,65291,209],{},[62,65293,65294],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,65295,65296],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65297,65298],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65299,47049],{"class":117},[20,65301,65302,65303,65305],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65304,59104],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[288,65307,65309],{"id":65308},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65311,65312],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[62,65314,65316],{"className":64,"code":65315,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65317,65318,65350,65372,65376],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65319,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65321,36365],{"class":77},[71,65323,82],{"class":81},[71,65325,1740],{"class":89},[71,65327,3184],{"class":99},[71,65329,4414],{"class":103},[71,65331,3184],{"class":99},[71,65333,109],{"class":89},[71,65335,3683],{"class":99},[71,65337,4423],{"class":103},[71,65339,3184],{"class":99},[71,65341,109],{"class":89},[71,65343,3683],{"class":99},[71,65345,4432],{"class":103},[71,65347,3184],{"class":99},[71,65349,1757],{"class":89},[71,65351,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,65353,65057],{"class":77},[71,65355,82],{"class":81},[71,65357,52986],{"class":77},[71,65359,60],{"class":89},[71,65361,35971],{"class":133},[71,65363,90],{"class":89},[71,65365,3184],{"class":99},[71,65367,4432],{"class":103},[71,65369,3184],{"class":99},[71,65371,121],{"class":89},[71,65373,65374],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,65375,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,65377,65378,65380,65382,65384],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,65379,128],{"class":127},[71,65381,90],{"class":89},[71,65383,65084],{"class":133},[71,65385,121],{"class":89},[20,65387,209],{},[62,65389,65390],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,65391,65392],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65393,65394],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65395,17170],{"class":117},[20,65397,65398],{},"In this list:",[40,65400,65401,65408,65415],{},[43,65402,65403,65405,65406],{},[15,65404,57969],{}," is at index ",[15,65407,2449],{},[43,65409,65410,65405,65413],{},[15,65411,65412],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65414,3320],{},[43,65416,65417,65405,65420],{},[15,65418,65419],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65421,630],{},[20,65423,53788,65424,2728,65427,60],{},[15,65425,65426],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65428,630],{},[20,65430,51677,65431,60],{},[56,65432,65434],{"href":65433},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[288,65436,65438],{"id":65437},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65440,65441,65442,65444],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65443,59104],{}," returns the first match only.",[62,65446,65448],{"className":64,"code":65447,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65449,65450,65490,65494],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65451,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474,65476,65478,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65453,13186],{"class":77},[71,65455,82],{"class":81},[71,65457,1740],{"class":89},[71,65459,3184],{"class":99},[71,65461,13203],{"class":103},[71,65463,3184],{"class":99},[71,65465,109],{"class":89},[71,65467,3683],{"class":99},[71,65469,13220],{"class":103},[71,65471,3184],{"class":99},[71,65473,109],{"class":89},[71,65475,3683],{"class":99},[71,65477,13203],{"class":103},[71,65479,3184],{"class":99},[71,65481,109],{"class":89},[71,65483,3683],{"class":99},[71,65485,17570],{"class":103},[71,65487,3184],{"class":99},[71,65489,1757],{"class":89},[71,65491,65492],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,65493,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,65495,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,65497,128],{"class":127},[71,65499,90],{"class":89},[71,65501,17617],{"class":133},[71,65503,60],{"class":89},[71,65505,35971],{"class":133},[71,65507,90],{"class":89},[71,65509,3184],{"class":99},[71,65511,13203],{"class":103},[71,65513,3184],{"class":99},[71,65515,204],{"class":89},[20,65517,209],{},[62,65519,65520],{"className":64,"code":47384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,65521,65522],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65523,65524],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65525,47384],{"class":117},[20,65527,21094,65528,65531,65532,65534],{},[15,65529,65530],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65533,2449],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65536,65537,65538,60],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[56,65539,55655,65540,1709],{"href":59163},[15,65541,57426],{},[288,65543,8758,65545,1560,65547],{"id":65544},"using-start-and-end",[15,65546,36198],{},[15,65548,52795],{},[20,65550,65551,65552,1560,65554,65556],{},"The optional ",[15,65553,36198],{},[15,65555,52795],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[62,65558,65560],{"className":64,"code":65559,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65561,65562,65610,65614,65639,65668],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65563,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65565,36216],{"class":77},[71,65567,82],{"class":81},[71,65569,1740],{"class":89},[71,65571,3184],{"class":99},[71,65573,56],{"class":103},[71,65575,3184],{"class":99},[71,65577,109],{"class":89},[71,65579,3683],{"class":99},[71,65581,176],{"class":103},[71,65583,3184],{"class":99},[71,65585,109],{"class":89},[71,65587,3683],{"class":99},[71,65589,694],{"class":103},[71,65591,3184],{"class":99},[71,65593,109],{"class":89},[71,65595,3683],{"class":99},[71,65597,176],{"class":103},[71,65599,3184],{"class":99},[71,65601,109],{"class":89},[71,65603,3683],{"class":99},[71,65605,18883],{"class":103},[71,65607,3184],{"class":99},[71,65609,1757],{"class":89},[71,65611,65612],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,65613,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,65615,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,65617,128],{"class":127},[71,65619,90],{"class":89},[71,65621,36269],{"class":133},[71,65623,60],{"class":89},[71,65625,35971],{"class":133},[71,65627,90],{"class":89},[71,65629,3184],{"class":99},[71,65631,176],{"class":103},[71,65633,3184],{"class":99},[71,65635,5697],{"class":89},[71,65637,65638],{"class":1439},"        # first match\n",[71,65640,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,65642,128],{"class":127},[71,65644,90],{"class":89},[71,65646,36269],{"class":133},[71,65648,60],{"class":89},[71,65650,35971],{"class":133},[71,65652,90],{"class":89},[71,65654,3184],{"class":99},[71,65656,176],{"class":103},[71,65658,3184],{"class":99},[71,65660,109],{"class":89},[71,65662,183],{"class":117},[71,65664,5697],{"class":89},[71,65666,65667],{"class":1439},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[71,65669,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,65671,128],{"class":127},[71,65673,90],{"class":89},[71,65675,36269],{"class":133},[71,65677,60],{"class":89},[71,65679,35971],{"class":133},[71,65681,90],{"class":89},[71,65683,3184],{"class":99},[71,65685,176],{"class":103},[71,65687,3184],{"class":99},[71,65689,109],{"class":89},[71,65691,165],{"class":117},[71,65693,109],{"class":89},[71,65695,2788],{"class":117},[71,65697,5697],{"class":89},[71,65699,65700],{"class":1439},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65702,209],{},[62,65704,65706],{"className":64,"code":65705,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65707,65708,65712,65716],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65709,65710],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65711,47049],{"class":117},[71,65713,65714],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,65715,46749],{"class":117},[71,65717,65718],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,65719,47049],{"class":117},[20,65721,65722],{},"How this works:",[40,65724,65725,65737,65750],{},[43,65726,65727,65730,65731,65734,65735],{},[15,65728,65729],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65732,65733],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65736,3320],{},[43,65738,65739,65742,65743,65745,65746,65734,65748],{},[15,65740,65741],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65744,630],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65747,65733],{},[15,65749,640],{},[43,65751,65752,65755,65756,2518,65758,17186,65760],{},[15,65753,65754],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65757,3320],{},[15,65759,630],{},[15,65761,640],{},[20,65763,65764],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[288,65766,65768],{"id":65767},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65770,65771,65772,60],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65773,40833],{},[20,65775,2537],{},[62,65777,65779],{"className":64,"code":65778,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65780,65781,65813],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65782,65783,65785,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797,65799,65801,65803,65805,65807,65809,65811],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65784,1735],{"class":77},[71,65786,82],{"class":81},[71,65788,1740],{"class":89},[71,65790,3184],{"class":99},[71,65792,4414],{"class":103},[71,65794,3184],{"class":99},[71,65796,109],{"class":89},[71,65798,3683],{"class":99},[71,65800,4423],{"class":103},[71,65802,3184],{"class":99},[71,65804,109],{"class":89},[71,65806,3683],{"class":99},[71,65808,4432],{"class":103},[71,65810,3184],{"class":99},[71,65812,1757],{"class":89},[71,65814,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829,65831,65833],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,65816,128],{"class":127},[71,65818,90],{"class":89},[71,65820,1770],{"class":133},[71,65822,60],{"class":89},[71,65824,35971],{"class":133},[71,65826,90],{"class":89},[71,65828,3184],{"class":99},[71,65830,33343],{"class":103},[71,65832,3184],{"class":99},[71,65834,204],{"class":89},[20,65836,39782,65837,65840],{},[15,65838,65839],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65842,65843],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[62,65845,65847],{"className":64,"code":65846,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65848,65849,65881,65894,65898,65911,65930,65936],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65850,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65852,1735],{"class":77},[71,65854,82],{"class":81},[71,65856,1740],{"class":89},[71,65858,3184],{"class":99},[71,65860,4414],{"class":103},[71,65862,3184],{"class":99},[71,65864,109],{"class":89},[71,65866,3683],{"class":99},[71,65868,4423],{"class":103},[71,65870,3184],{"class":99},[71,65872,109],{"class":89},[71,65874,3683],{"class":99},[71,65876,4432],{"class":103},[71,65878,3184],{"class":99},[71,65880,1757],{"class":89},[71,65882,65883,65886,65888,65890,65892],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,65884,65885],{"class":77},"search_value ",[71,65887,82],{"class":81},[71,65889,3683],{"class":99},[71,65891,33343],{"class":103},[71,65893,3689],{"class":99},[71,65895,65896],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,65897,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,65899,65900,65902,65905,65907,65909],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,65901,7337],{"class":4209},[71,65903,65904],{"class":77}," search_value ",[71,65906,4216],{"class":81},[71,65908,6302],{"class":77},[71,65910,6731],{"class":89},[71,65912,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65928],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,65914,8408],{"class":127},[71,65916,90],{"class":89},[71,65918,1770],{"class":133},[71,65920,60],{"class":89},[71,65922,35971],{"class":133},[71,65924,90],{"class":89},[71,65926,65927],{"class":133},"search_value",[71,65929,204],{"class":89},[71,65931,65932,65934],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,65933,27553],{"class":4209},[71,65935,6731],{"class":89},[71,65937,65938,65940,65942,65944,65947,65949],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,65939,8408],{"class":127},[71,65941,90],{"class":89},[71,65943,3184],{"class":99},[71,65945,65946],{"class":103},"Item not found",[71,65948,3184],{"class":99},[71,65950,121],{"class":89},[20,65952,209],{},[62,65954,65956],{"className":64,"code":65955,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Item not found\n",[15,65957,65958],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,65959,65960,65963,65965],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,65961,65962],{"class":77},"Item ",[71,65964,4967],{"class":81},[71,65966,65967],{"class":77}," found\n",[20,65969,65970],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65972,65973,65974,60],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[56,65975,65977],{"href":65976},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[288,65979,4855],{"id":4854},[20,65981,21328,65982,228],{},[15,65983,65003],{},[40,65985,65986,66004,66016,66076],{},[43,65987,25893,65988,2728,65990,65993,65994,65996,65997,5497,65999,66001,66002,60],{},[15,65989,59104],{},[15,65991,65992],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[808,65995],{},"\nPython does ",[30,65998,4967],{},[15,66000,65992],{},". It raises ",[15,66003,40833],{},[43,66005,66006,66007,66009,66012,66013,66015],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[808,66008],{},[15,66010,66011],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66014,65412],{},", not the value itself.",[43,66017,8758,66018,2069,66021,66023,66025,66026,16769,66028,66051,16757,66053],{},[15,66019,66020],{},"index[]",[15,66022,59104],{},[808,66024],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[808,66027],{},[62,66029,66031],{"className":64,"code":66030,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66032,66033],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66034,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66036,1770],{"class":77},[71,66038,60],{"class":89},[71,66040,35971],{"class":133},[71,66042,90],{"class":89},[71,66044,3184],{"class":99},[71,66046,4423],{"class":103},[71,66048,3184],{"class":99},[71,66050,121],{"class":89},[808,66052],{},[62,66054,66056],{"className":64,"code":66055,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66057,66058],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66059,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66061,1770],{"class":77},[71,66063,60],{"class":89},[71,66065,35971],{"class":24868},[71,66067,4234],{"class":89},[71,66069,3184],{"class":99},[71,66071,4423],{"class":103},[71,66073,3184],{"class":99},[71,66075,1757],{"class":89},[43,66077,66078,66079,66081,1560,66084,66086,66087],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[808,66080],{},[15,66082,66083],{},"\"3\"",[15,66085,640],{}," are different values in Python.",[62,66088,66090],{"className":64,"code":66089,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66091,66092,66112],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66093,66094,66096,66098,66100,66102,66104,66106,66108,66110],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66095,3950],{"class":77},[71,66097,82],{"class":81},[71,66099,1740],{"class":89},[71,66101,3320],{"class":117},[71,66103,109],{"class":89},[71,66105,183],{"class":117},[71,66107,109],{"class":89},[71,66109,701],{"class":117},[71,66111,1757],{"class":89},[71,66113,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,66115,128],{"class":127},[71,66117,90],{"class":89},[71,66119,3184],{"class":99},[71,66121,640],{"class":103},[71,66123,3184],{"class":99},[71,66125,21290],{"class":4209},[71,66127,4599],{"class":133},[71,66129,3993],{"class":89},[71,66131,5108],{"class":1439},[20,66133,66134],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[62,66136,66138],{"className":64,"code":66137,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66139,66140,66150,66164,66178],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66141,66142,66144,66146,66148],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66143,128],{"class":127},[71,66145,90],{"class":89},[71,66147,8679],{"class":133},[71,66149,121],{"class":89},[71,66151,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160,66162],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,66153,128],{"class":127},[71,66155,90],{"class":89},[71,66157,735],{"class":85},[71,66159,90],{"class":89},[71,66161,65927],{"class":133},[71,66163,204],{"class":89},[71,66165,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,66167,128],{"class":127},[71,66169,90],{"class":89},[71,66171,65885],{"class":133},[71,66173,4216],{"class":4209},[71,66175,8736],{"class":133},[71,66177,121],{"class":89},[71,66179,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,66181,128],{"class":127},[71,66183,90],{"class":89},[71,66185,8679],{"class":133},[71,66187,60],{"class":89},[71,66189,35971],{"class":133},[71,66191,90],{"class":89},[71,66193,65927],{"class":133},[71,66195,204],{"class":89},[20,66197,66198],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66200,66201],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[40,66203,66204,66207,66214,66220],{},[43,66205,66206],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[43,66208,66209,66210,2069,66212],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66211,66083],{},[15,66213,640],{},[43,66215,66216,66217,66219],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66218,59104],{}," returns only the first one",[43,66221,66222],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[288,66224,5298,66226],{"id":66225},"when-to-use-index",[15,66227,59104],{},[20,66229,283,66230,1569],{},[15,66231,59104],{},[40,66233,66234,66237,66240],{},[43,66235,66236],{},"You need the position of a known value",[43,66238,66239],{},"You are working with a small list",[43,66241,66242],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66244,66245],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[288,66247,2163],{"id":2162},[350,66249,5479,66251,5482],{"id":66250},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66252,65003],{},[20,66254,66255],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[350,66257,12813,66259,5497,66261,66263],{"id":66258},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66260,65003],{},[15,66262,65992],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66265,66266,66267,6970],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66268,40833],{},[350,66270,2184,66272,66274],{"id":66271},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66273,65003],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66276,66277],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[350,66279,66281,66282,2172],{"id":66280},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66283,59104],{},[20,66285,66286,66287,1560,66289,66291],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66288,36198],{},[15,66290,52795],{}," arguments.",[288,66293,2221],{"id":2220},[40,66295,66296,66300,66304,66308],{},[43,66297,66298],{},[56,66299,59092],{"href":65433},[43,66301,66302],{},[56,66303,52906],{"href":54705},[43,66305,66306],{},[56,66307,65977],{"href":65976},[43,66309,66310],{},[56,66311,55655,66312,1709],{"href":59163},[15,66313,57426],{},[2250,66315,66316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":66318},[66319,66320,66322,66323,66324,66325,66326,66328,66329,66330,66332,66342],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":65100,"depth":124,"text":66321},"What list.index() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":38147,"depth":124,"text":38148},{"id":65308,"depth":124,"text":65309},{"id":65437,"depth":124,"text":65438},{"id":65544,"depth":124,"text":66327},"Using start and end",{"id":65767,"depth":124,"text":65768},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855},{"id":66225,"depth":124,"text":66331},"When to use index()",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":66333},[66334,66336,66338,66340],{"id":66250,"depth":139,"text":66335},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66258,"depth":139,"text":66337},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66271,"depth":139,"text":66339},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66280,"depth":139,"text":66341},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64991,"description":66343},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66350,"title":66351,"body":66352,"description":68294,"extension":2292,"meta":68295,"navigation":142,"path":68296,"seo":68297,"stem":68298,"__hash__":68299},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66353,"toc":68254},[66354,66359,66364,66367,66376,66433,66439,66444,66448,66462,66468,66470,66493,66510,66512,66573,66575,66607,66620,66622,66625,66725,66727,66805,66811,66815,66823,66827,66833,66888,66890,66914,66918,66921,66974,66976,67000,67004,67007,67060,67062,67086,67090,67096,67167,67169,67210,67216,67223,67226,67231,67239,67244,67252,67254,67351,67353,67422,67429,67434,67436,67440,67445,67447,67518,67520,67549,67555,67557,67584,67587,67610,67614,67617,67639,67642,67665,67667,67727,67729,67761,67767,67772,67825,67827,67852,67855,67904,67906,67927,67931,67936,67939,67994,67996,68023,68030,68034,68039,68110,68113,68127,68132,68137,68139,68153,68165,68170,68172,68177,68182,68186,68189,68195,68201,68208,68216,68218,68251],[10,66355,54477,66357,11428],{"id":66356},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66358,54403],{},[20,66360,66361,66363],{},[15,66362,54046],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66365,66366],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66368,283,66369,66371,66372,60],{},[15,66370,54403],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[56,66373,55655,66374,1709],{"href":56904},[15,66375,52787],{},[62,66377,66379],{"className":64,"code":66378,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66380,66381,66401,66419,66429],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66382,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66384,3950],{"class":77},[71,66386,82],{"class":81},[71,66388,1740],{"class":89},[71,66390,3320],{"class":117},[71,66392,109],{"class":89},[71,66394,183],{"class":117},[71,66396,109],{"class":89},[71,66398,2788],{"class":117},[71,66400,1757],{"class":89},[71,66402,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,66404,3980],{"class":77},[71,66406,60],{"class":89},[71,66408,54086],{"class":133},[71,66410,90],{"class":89},[71,66412,630],{"class":117},[71,66414,109],{"class":89},[71,66416,701],{"class":117},[71,66418,121],{"class":89},[71,66420,66421,66423,66425,66427],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,66422,128],{"class":127},[71,66424,90],{"class":89},[71,66426,3980],{"class":133},[71,66428,121],{"class":89},[71,66430,66431],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,66432,52858],{"class":1439},[20,66434,283,66435,66438],{},[15,66436,66437],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[288,66440,291,66442,294],{"id":66441},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66443,54046],{},[20,66445,66446,228],{},[15,66447,54046],{},[40,66449,66450,66453,66456,66458],{},[43,66451,66452],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[43,66454,66455],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[43,66457,54563],{},[43,66459,11530,66460],{},[15,66461,4110],{},[20,66463,66464,66465,66467],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66466,54403],{}," does not create a new list.",[288,66469,5767],{"id":5766},[62,66471,66473],{"className":64,"code":66472,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66474,66475],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66476,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66478,8679],{"class":77},[71,66480,60],{"class":89},[71,66482,54086],{"class":133},[71,66484,90],{"class":89},[71,66486,35971],{"class":133},[71,66488,109],{"class":89},[71,66490,29627],{"class":133},[71,66492,121],{"class":89},[40,66494,66495,66500,66505],{},[43,66496,66497,66499],{},[15,66498,35971],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[43,66501,66502,66504],{},[15,66503,23428],{}," is the value to add",[43,66506,66507,66508],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66509,2449],{},[20,66511,2537],{},[62,66513,66515],{"className":64,"code":66514,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66516,66517,66541,66563],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66518,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66520,36216],{"class":77},[71,66522,82],{"class":81},[71,66524,1740],{"class":89},[71,66526,3184],{"class":99},[71,66528,56],{"class":103},[71,66530,3184],{"class":99},[71,66532,109],{"class":89},[71,66534,3683],{"class":99},[71,66536,694],{"class":103},[71,66538,3184],{"class":99},[71,66540,1757],{"class":89},[71,66542,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,66544,36269],{"class":77},[71,66546,60],{"class":89},[71,66548,54086],{"class":133},[71,66550,90],{"class":89},[71,66552,3320],{"class":117},[71,66554,109],{"class":89},[71,66556,3683],{"class":99},[71,66558,176],{"class":103},[71,66560,3184],{"class":99},[71,66562,121],{"class":89},[71,66564,66565,66567,66569,66571],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,66566,128],{"class":127},[71,66568,90],{"class":89},[71,66570,36269],{"class":133},[71,66572,121],{"class":89},[20,66574,209],{},[62,66576,66577],{"className":64,"code":43006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,66578,66579],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66580,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66582,4234],{"class":89},[71,66584,100],{"class":99},[71,66586,56],{"class":103},[71,66588,100],{"class":99},[71,66590,109],{"class":89},[71,66592,231],{"class":99},[71,66594,176],{"class":103},[71,66596,100],{"class":99},[71,66598,109],{"class":89},[71,66600,231],{"class":99},[71,66602,694],{"class":103},[71,66604,100],{"class":99},[71,66606,1757],{"class":89},[20,66608,20887,66609,66611,66612,66614,66615,1560,66617,60],{},[15,66610,65733],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66613,3320],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66616,18211],{},[15,66618,66619],{},"\"c\"",[288,66621,6123],{"id":6122},[20,66623,66624],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[62,66626,66628],{"className":64,"code":66627,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66629,66630,66662,66680,66684,66706],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66631,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66633,13186],{"class":77},[71,66635,82],{"class":81},[71,66637,1740],{"class":89},[71,66639,3184],{"class":99},[71,66641,13203],{"class":103},[71,66643,3184],{"class":99},[71,66645,109],{"class":89},[71,66647,3683],{"class":99},[71,66649,13220],{"class":103},[71,66651,3184],{"class":99},[71,66653,109],{"class":89},[71,66655,3683],{"class":99},[71,66657,17570],{"class":103},[71,66659,3184],{"class":99},[71,66661,1757],{"class":89},[71,66663,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,66665,128],{"class":127},[71,66667,90],{"class":89},[71,66669,3184],{"class":99},[71,66671,11671],{"class":103},[71,66673,3184],{"class":99},[71,66675,109],{"class":89},[71,66677,13234],{"class":133},[71,66679,121],{"class":89},[71,66681,66682],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,66683,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,66685,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,66687,17617],{"class":77},[71,66689,60],{"class":89},[71,66691,54086],{"class":133},[71,66693,90],{"class":89},[71,66695,3320],{"class":117},[71,66697,109],{"class":89},[71,66699,3683],{"class":99},[71,66701,22641],{"class":103},[71,66703,3184],{"class":99},[71,66705,121],{"class":89},[71,66707,66708,66710,66712,66714,66717,66719,66721,66723],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,66709,128],{"class":127},[71,66711,90],{"class":89},[71,66713,3184],{"class":99},[71,66715,66716],{"class":103},"After: ",[71,66718,3184],{"class":99},[71,66720,109],{"class":89},[71,66722,13234],{"class":133},[71,66724,121],{"class":89},[20,66726,209],{},[62,66728,66730],{"className":64,"code":66729,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66731,66732,66764],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66733,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66735,11731],{"class":77},[71,66737,228],{"class":89},[71,66739,1740],{"class":89},[71,66741,100],{"class":99},[71,66743,13203],{"class":103},[71,66745,100],{"class":99},[71,66747,109],{"class":89},[71,66749,231],{"class":99},[71,66751,13220],{"class":103},[71,66753,100],{"class":99},[71,66755,109],{"class":89},[71,66757,231],{"class":99},[71,66759,17570],{"class":103},[71,66761,100],{"class":99},[71,66763,1757],{"class":89},[71,66765,66766,66768,66770,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,66767,11784],{"class":77},[71,66769,228],{"class":89},[71,66771,66772],{"class":89},"  [",[71,66774,100],{"class":99},[71,66776,13203],{"class":103},[71,66778,100],{"class":99},[71,66780,109],{"class":89},[71,66782,231],{"class":99},[71,66784,22641],{"class":103},[71,66786,100],{"class":99},[71,66788,109],{"class":89},[71,66790,231],{"class":99},[71,66792,13220],{"class":103},[71,66794,100],{"class":99},[71,66796,109],{"class":89},[71,66798,231],{"class":99},[71,66800,17570],{"class":103},[71,66802,100],{"class":99},[71,66804,1757],{"class":89},[20,66806,66807,66808,66810],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66809,3320],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[288,66812,66814],{"id":66813},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66816,2309,66817,35454,66819,66822],{},[15,66818,35971],{},[15,66820,66821],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[350,66824,66826],{"id":66825},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66828,66829,66830,66832],{},"Use index ",[15,66831,2449],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[62,66834,66836],{"className":64,"code":66835,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66837,66838,66859,66878],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66839,66840,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66841,66842],{"class":77},"nums ",[71,66844,82],{"class":81},[71,66846,1740],{"class":89},[71,66848,630],{"class":117},[71,66850,109],{"class":89},[71,66852,701],{"class":117},[71,66854,109],{"class":89},[71,66856,2788],{"class":117},[71,66858,1757],{"class":89},[71,66860,66861,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,66862,66863],{"class":77},"nums",[71,66865,60],{"class":89},[71,66867,54086],{"class":133},[71,66869,90],{"class":89},[71,66871,2449],{"class":117},[71,66873,109],{"class":89},[71,66875,165],{"class":117},[71,66877,121],{"class":89},[71,66879,66880,66882,66884,66886],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,66881,128],{"class":127},[71,66883,90],{"class":89},[71,66885,66863],{"class":133},[71,66887,121],{"class":89},[20,66889,209],{},[62,66891,66892],{"className":64,"code":53640,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,66893,66894],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66895,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66897,4234],{"class":89},[71,66899,3320],{"class":117},[71,66901,109],{"class":89},[71,66903,183],{"class":117},[71,66905,109],{"class":89},[71,66907,701],{"class":117},[71,66909,109],{"class":89},[71,66911,2788],{"class":117},[71,66913,1757],{"class":89},[350,66915,66917],{"id":66916},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66919,66920],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[62,66922,66924],{"className":64,"code":66923,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66925,66926,66946,66964],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66927,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66929,66842],{"class":77},[71,66931,82],{"class":81},[71,66933,1740],{"class":89},[71,66935,3320],{"class":117},[71,66937,109],{"class":89},[71,66939,183],{"class":117},[71,66941,109],{"class":89},[71,66943,2788],{"class":117},[71,66945,1757],{"class":89},[71,66947,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,66949,66863],{"class":77},[71,66951,60],{"class":89},[71,66953,54086],{"class":133},[71,66955,90],{"class":89},[71,66957,630],{"class":117},[71,66959,109],{"class":89},[71,66961,701],{"class":117},[71,66963,121],{"class":89},[71,66965,66966,66968,66970,66972],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,66967,128],{"class":127},[71,66969,90],{"class":89},[71,66971,66863],{"class":133},[71,66973,121],{"class":89},[20,66975,209],{},[62,66977,66978],{"className":64,"code":53640,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,66979,66980],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,66981,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,66983,4234],{"class":89},[71,66985,3320],{"class":117},[71,66987,109],{"class":89},[71,66989,183],{"class":117},[71,66991,109],{"class":89},[71,66993,701],{"class":117},[71,66995,109],{"class":89},[71,66997,2788],{"class":117},[71,66999,1757],{"class":89},[350,67001,67003],{"id":67002},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67005,67006],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[62,67008,67010],{"className":64,"code":67009,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67011,67012,67032,67050],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67013,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67015,66842],{"class":77},[71,67017,82],{"class":81},[71,67019,1740],{"class":89},[71,67021,3320],{"class":117},[71,67023,109],{"class":89},[71,67025,183],{"class":117},[71,67027,109],{"class":89},[71,67029,701],{"class":117},[71,67031,1757],{"class":89},[71,67033,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67035,66863],{"class":77},[71,67037,60],{"class":89},[71,67039,54086],{"class":133},[71,67041,90],{"class":89},[71,67043,2661],{"class":117},[71,67045,109],{"class":89},[71,67047,2788],{"class":117},[71,67049,121],{"class":89},[71,67051,67052,67054,67056,67058],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,67053,128],{"class":127},[71,67055,90],{"class":89},[71,67057,66863],{"class":133},[71,67059,121],{"class":89},[20,67061,209],{},[62,67063,67064],{"className":64,"code":53640,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,67065,67066],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67067,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67069,4234],{"class":89},[71,67071,3320],{"class":117},[71,67073,109],{"class":89},[71,67075,183],{"class":117},[71,67077,109],{"class":89},[71,67079,701],{"class":117},[71,67081,109],{"class":89},[71,67083,2788],{"class":117},[71,67085,1757],{"class":89},[350,67087,67089],{"id":67088},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67091,67092,67093,67095],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67094,54403],{}," places the item before that position.",[62,67097,67099],{"className":64,"code":67098,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67100,67101,67133,67157],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67102,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67104,36216],{"class":77},[71,67106,82],{"class":81},[71,67108,1740],{"class":89},[71,67110,3184],{"class":99},[71,67112,56],{"class":103},[71,67114,3184],{"class":99},[71,67116,109],{"class":89},[71,67118,3683],{"class":99},[71,67120,176],{"class":103},[71,67122,3184],{"class":99},[71,67124,109],{"class":89},[71,67126,3683],{"class":99},[71,67128,18883],{"class":103},[71,67130,3184],{"class":99},[71,67132,1757],{"class":89},[71,67134,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67136,36269],{"class":77},[71,67138,60],{"class":89},[71,67140,54086],{"class":133},[71,67142,90],{"class":89},[71,67144,2353],{"class":81},[71,67146,3320],{"class":117},[71,67148,109],{"class":89},[71,67150,3683],{"class":99},[71,67152,694],{"class":103},[71,67154,3184],{"class":99},[71,67156,121],{"class":89},[71,67158,67159,67161,67163,67165],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,67160,128],{"class":127},[71,67162,90],{"class":89},[71,67164,36269],{"class":133},[71,67166,121],{"class":89},[20,67168,209],{},[62,67170,67172],{"className":64,"code":67171,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67173,67174],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67175,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67177,4234],{"class":89},[71,67179,100],{"class":99},[71,67181,56],{"class":103},[71,67183,100],{"class":99},[71,67185,109],{"class":89},[71,67187,231],{"class":99},[71,67189,176],{"class":103},[71,67191,100],{"class":99},[71,67193,109],{"class":89},[71,67195,231],{"class":99},[71,67197,694],{"class":103},[71,67199,100],{"class":99},[71,67201,109],{"class":89},[71,67203,231],{"class":99},[71,67205,18883],{"class":103},[71,67207,100],{"class":99},[71,67209,1757],{"class":89},[20,67211,67212,67213,2634],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[56,67214,67215],{"href":51113},"Python lists beginner guide",[288,67217,67219,1552,67221],{"id":67218},"insert-vs-append",[15,67220,54403],{},[15,67222,52787],{},[20,67224,67225],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[350,67227,283,67229,1569],{"id":67228},"use-insert-when",[15,67230,54403],{},[40,67232,67233,67236],{},[43,67234,67235],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[43,67237,67238],{},"The order of the list matters",[350,67240,283,67242,1569],{"id":67241},"use-append-when",[15,67243,52787],{},[40,67245,67246,67249],{},[43,67247,67248],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[43,67250,67251],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67253,2537],{},[62,67255,67257],{"className":64,"code":67256,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67258,67259,67283,67287,67309,67319,67323,67341],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67260,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67262,1735],{"class":77},[71,67264,82],{"class":81},[71,67266,1740],{"class":89},[71,67268,3184],{"class":99},[71,67270,4414],{"class":103},[71,67272,3184],{"class":99},[71,67274,109],{"class":89},[71,67276,3683],{"class":99},[71,67278,33343],{"class":103},[71,67280,3184],{"class":99},[71,67282,1757],{"class":89},[71,67284,67285],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67286,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,67288,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,67290,1770],{"class":77},[71,67292,60],{"class":89},[71,67294,54086],{"class":133},[71,67296,90],{"class":89},[71,67298,3320],{"class":117},[71,67300,109],{"class":89},[71,67302,3683],{"class":99},[71,67304,4423],{"class":103},[71,67306,3184],{"class":99},[71,67308,121],{"class":89},[71,67310,67311,67313,67315,67317],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,67312,128],{"class":127},[71,67314,90],{"class":89},[71,67316,1770],{"class":133},[71,67318,121],{"class":89},[71,67320,67321],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,67322,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,67324,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,67326,1770],{"class":77},[71,67328,60],{"class":89},[71,67330,13664],{"class":133},[71,67332,90],{"class":89},[71,67334,3184],{"class":99},[71,67336,22650],{"class":103},[71,67338,3184],{"class":99},[71,67340,121],{"class":89},[71,67342,67343,67345,67347,67349],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,67344,128],{"class":127},[71,67346,90],{"class":89},[71,67348,1770],{"class":133},[71,67350,121],{"class":89},[20,67352,209],{},[62,67354,67356],{"className":64,"code":67355,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67357,67358,67386],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67359,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67361,4234],{"class":89},[71,67363,100],{"class":99},[71,67365,4414],{"class":103},[71,67367,100],{"class":99},[71,67369,109],{"class":89},[71,67371,231],{"class":99},[71,67373,4423],{"class":103},[71,67375,100],{"class":99},[71,67377,109],{"class":89},[71,67379,231],{"class":99},[71,67381,33343],{"class":103},[71,67383,100],{"class":99},[71,67385,1757],{"class":89},[71,67387,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67389,4234],{"class":89},[71,67391,100],{"class":99},[71,67393,4414],{"class":103},[71,67395,100],{"class":99},[71,67397,109],{"class":89},[71,67399,231],{"class":99},[71,67401,4423],{"class":103},[71,67403,100],{"class":99},[71,67405,109],{"class":89},[71,67407,231],{"class":99},[71,67409,33343],{"class":103},[71,67411,100],{"class":99},[71,67413,109],{"class":89},[71,67415,231],{"class":99},[71,67417,22650],{"class":103},[71,67419,100],{"class":99},[71,67421,1757],{"class":89},[20,67423,67424,67425,60],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[56,67426,55655,67427,1709],{"href":56904},[15,67428,52787],{},[20,67430,67431,67432,60],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[56,67433,53184],{"href":53183},[288,67435,4855],{"id":4854},[20,67437,14845,67438,60],{},[15,67439,54403],{},[350,67441,12703,67443],{"id":67442},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67444,54403],{},[20,67446,25809],{},[62,67448,67450],{"className":64,"code":67449,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67451,67452,67472,67494,67498,67508],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67453,67454,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67455,3950],{"class":77},[71,67457,82],{"class":81},[71,67459,1740],{"class":89},[71,67461,3320],{"class":117},[71,67463,109],{"class":89},[71,67465,183],{"class":117},[71,67467,109],{"class":89},[71,67469,701],{"class":117},[71,67471,1757],{"class":89},[71,67473,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67475,1102],{"class":77},[71,67477,82],{"class":81},[71,67479,4599],{"class":77},[71,67481,60],{"class":89},[71,67483,54086],{"class":133},[71,67485,90],{"class":89},[71,67487,3320],{"class":117},[71,67489,109],{"class":89},[71,67491,1161],{"class":117},[71,67493,121],{"class":89},[71,67495,67496],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,67497,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,67499,67500,67502,67504,67506],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,67501,128],{"class":127},[71,67503,90],{"class":89},[71,67505,2594],{"class":133},[71,67507,121],{"class":89},[71,67509,67510,67512,67514,67516],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,67511,128],{"class":127},[71,67513,90],{"class":89},[71,67515,3980],{"class":133},[71,67517,121],{"class":89},[20,67519,209],{},[62,67521,67523],{"className":64,"code":67522,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67524,67525,67529],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67526,67527],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67528,11916],{"class":4184},[71,67530,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67532,4234],{"class":89},[71,67534,3320],{"class":117},[71,67536,109],{"class":89},[71,67538,1161],{"class":117},[71,67540,109],{"class":89},[71,67542,183],{"class":117},[71,67544,109],{"class":89},[71,67546,701],{"class":117},[71,67548,1757],{"class":89},[20,67550,67551,54288,67553,60],{},[15,67552,54403],{},[15,67554,4110],{},[20,67556,16757],{},[62,67558,67560],{"className":64,"code":67559,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67561,67562],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67563,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67565,56025],{"class":77},[71,67567,82],{"class":81},[71,67569,4599],{"class":77},[71,67571,60],{"class":89},[71,67573,54086],{"class":133},[71,67575,90],{"class":89},[71,67577,3320],{"class":117},[71,67579,109],{"class":89},[71,67581,1161],{"class":117},[71,67583,121],{"class":89},[20,67585,67586],{},"Right:",[62,67588,67590],{"className":64,"code":67589,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67591,67592],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67593,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67595,3980],{"class":77},[71,67597,60],{"class":89},[71,67599,54086],{"class":133},[71,67601,90],{"class":89},[71,67603,3320],{"class":117},[71,67605,109],{"class":89},[71,67607,1161],{"class":117},[71,67609,121],{"class":89},[350,67611,67613],{"id":67612},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67615,67616],{},"The correct order is:",[62,67618,67619],{"className":64,"code":66472,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,67620,67621],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67622,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67624,8679],{"class":77},[71,67626,60],{"class":89},[71,67628,54086],{"class":133},[71,67630,90],{"class":89},[71,67632,35971],{"class":133},[71,67634,109],{"class":89},[71,67636,29627],{"class":133},[71,67638,121],{"class":89},[20,67640,67641],{},"Not:",[62,67643,67645],{"className":64,"code":67644,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67646,67647],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67648,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67650,8679],{"class":77},[71,67652,60],{"class":89},[71,67654,54086],{"class":133},[71,67656,90],{"class":89},[71,67658,23428],{"class":133},[71,67660,109],{"class":89},[71,67662,35946],{"class":133},[71,67664,121],{"class":89},[20,67666,2537],{},[62,67668,67669],{"className":64,"code":66514,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,67670,67671,67695,67717],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67672,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67674,36216],{"class":77},[71,67676,82],{"class":81},[71,67678,1740],{"class":89},[71,67680,3184],{"class":99},[71,67682,56],{"class":103},[71,67684,3184],{"class":99},[71,67686,109],{"class":89},[71,67688,3683],{"class":99},[71,67690,694],{"class":103},[71,67692,3184],{"class":99},[71,67694,1757],{"class":89},[71,67696,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713,67715],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67698,36269],{"class":77},[71,67700,60],{"class":89},[71,67702,54086],{"class":133},[71,67704,90],{"class":89},[71,67706,3320],{"class":117},[71,67708,109],{"class":89},[71,67710,3683],{"class":99},[71,67712,176],{"class":103},[71,67714,3184],{"class":99},[71,67716,121],{"class":89},[71,67718,67719,67721,67723,67725],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,67720,128],{"class":127},[71,67722,90],{"class":89},[71,67724,36269],{"class":133},[71,67726,121],{"class":89},[20,67728,209],{},[62,67730,67731],{"className":64,"code":43006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,67732,67733],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67734,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67736,4234],{"class":89},[71,67738,100],{"class":99},[71,67740,56],{"class":103},[71,67742,100],{"class":99},[71,67744,109],{"class":89},[71,67746,231],{"class":99},[71,67748,176],{"class":103},[71,67750,100],{"class":99},[71,67752,109],{"class":89},[71,67754,231],{"class":99},[71,67756,694],{"class":103},[71,67758,100],{"class":99},[71,67760,1757],{"class":89},[350,67762,8794,67764,67766],{"id":67763},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67765,54403],{}," to replace an item",[20,67768,67769,67771],{},[15,67770,54403],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[62,67773,67775],{"className":64,"code":67774,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67776,67777,67797,67815],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67778,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67780,3950],{"class":77},[71,67782,82],{"class":81},[71,67784,1740],{"class":89},[71,67786,3320],{"class":117},[71,67788,109],{"class":89},[71,67790,183],{"class":117},[71,67792,109],{"class":89},[71,67794,701],{"class":117},[71,67796,1757],{"class":89},[71,67798,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67800,3980],{"class":77},[71,67802,60],{"class":89},[71,67804,54086],{"class":133},[71,67806,90],{"class":89},[71,67808,3320],{"class":117},[71,67810,109],{"class":89},[71,67812,1161],{"class":117},[71,67814,121],{"class":89},[71,67816,67817,67819,67821,67823],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,67818,128],{"class":127},[71,67820,90],{"class":89},[71,67822,3980],{"class":133},[71,67824,121],{"class":89},[20,67826,209],{},[62,67828,67830],{"className":64,"code":67829,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67831,67832],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67833,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848,67850],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67835,4234],{"class":89},[71,67837,3320],{"class":117},[71,67839,109],{"class":89},[71,67841,1161],{"class":117},[71,67843,109],{"class":89},[71,67845,183],{"class":117},[71,67847,109],{"class":89},[71,67849,701],{"class":117},[71,67851,1757],{"class":89},[20,67853,67854],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[62,67856,67858],{"className":64,"code":67857,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67859,67860,67880,67894],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67861,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67863,3950],{"class":77},[71,67865,82],{"class":81},[71,67867,1740],{"class":89},[71,67869,3320],{"class":117},[71,67871,109],{"class":89},[71,67873,183],{"class":117},[71,67875,109],{"class":89},[71,67877,701],{"class":117},[71,67879,1757],{"class":89},[71,67881,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67883,3980],{"class":77},[71,67885,4234],{"class":89},[71,67887,3320],{"class":117},[71,67889,13384],{"class":89},[71,67891,13387],{"class":81},[71,67893,14242],{"class":117},[71,67895,67896,67898,67900,67902],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,67897,128],{"class":127},[71,67899,90],{"class":89},[71,67901,3980],{"class":133},[71,67903,121],{"class":89},[20,67905,209],{},[62,67907,67909],{"className":64,"code":67908,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67910,67911],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67912,67913,67915,67917,67919,67921,67923,67925],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67914,4234],{"class":89},[71,67916,3320],{"class":117},[71,67918,109],{"class":89},[71,67920,1161],{"class":117},[71,67922,109],{"class":89},[71,67924,701],{"class":117},[71,67926,1757],{"class":89},[350,67928,67930],{"id":67929},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67932,67933,67935],{},[15,67934,54403],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67937,67938],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[62,67940,67942],{"className":64,"code":67941,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67943,67944,67960,67984],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,67945,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,67947,3950],{"class":77},[71,67949,82],{"class":81},[71,67951,1740],{"class":89},[71,67953,3320],{"class":117},[71,67955,109],{"class":89},[71,67957,2788],{"class":117},[71,67959,1757],{"class":89},[71,67961,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980,67982],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,67963,3980],{"class":77},[71,67965,60],{"class":89},[71,67967,54086],{"class":133},[71,67969,90],{"class":89},[71,67971,3320],{"class":117},[71,67973,109],{"class":89},[71,67975,1740],{"class":89},[71,67977,630],{"class":117},[71,67979,109],{"class":89},[71,67981,701],{"class":117},[71,67983,4222],{"class":89},[71,67985,67986,67988,67990,67992],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,67987,128],{"class":127},[71,67989,90],{"class":89},[71,67991,3980],{"class":133},[71,67993,121],{"class":89},[20,67995,209],{},[62,67997,67999],{"className":64,"code":67998,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68000,68001],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68002,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68004,4234],{"class":89},[71,68006,3320],{"class":117},[71,68008,109],{"class":89},[71,68010,1740],{"class":89},[71,68012,630],{"class":117},[71,68014,109],{"class":89},[71,68016,701],{"class":117},[71,68018,18177],{"class":89},[71,68020,2788],{"class":117},[71,68022,1757],{"class":89},[20,68024,68025,68026,60],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[56,68027,55655,68028,1709],{"href":53479},[15,68029,53581],{},[350,68031,68033],{"id":68032},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68035,9216,68036,68038],{},[15,68037,54403],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[62,68040,68042],{"className":64,"code":68041,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68043,68044,68054,68068,68086,68100],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68045,68046,68048,68050,68052],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68047,128],{"class":127},[71,68049,90],{"class":89},[71,68051,8679],{"class":133},[71,68053,121],{"class":89},[71,68055,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68057,128],{"class":127},[71,68059,90],{"class":89},[71,68061,2139],{"class":127},[71,68063,90],{"class":89},[71,68065,8679],{"class":133},[71,68067,204],{"class":89},[71,68069,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,68071,128],{"class":127},[71,68073,90],{"class":89},[71,68075,8679],{"class":133},[71,68077,60],{"class":89},[71,68079,54086],{"class":24868},[71,68081,60],{"class":89},[71,68083,34569],{"class":34576},[71,68085,121],{"class":89},[71,68087,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,68089,32274],{"class":127},[71,68091,90],{"class":89},[71,68093,8433],{"class":85},[71,68095,60],{"class":89},[71,68097,54086],{"class":24868},[71,68099,121],{"class":89},[71,68101,68102,68104,68106,68108],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,68103,735],{"class":85},[71,68105,90],{"class":89},[71,68107,8679],{"class":133},[71,68109,121],{"class":89},[20,68111,68112],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[40,68114,68115,68118,68121,68124],{},[43,68116,68117],{},"What is currently in the list",[43,68119,68120],{},"How long the list is",[43,68122,68123],{},"That you are working with a real list",[43,68125,68126],{},"How Python describes the method",[288,68128,5298,68130],{"id":68129},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68131,54403],{},[20,68133,283,68134,68136],{},[15,68135,54403],{}," when position matters.",[20,68138,36552],{},[40,68140,68141,68144,68147,68150],{},[43,68142,68143],{},"Ordered menus",[43,68145,68146],{},"Rankings or score lists",[43,68148,68149],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[43,68151,68152],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68154,68155,68156,68158,68159,68161,68162,68164],{},"You usually do ",[30,68157,4967],{}," need ",[15,68160,54403],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68163,52787],{}," is simpler.",[20,68166,68167,68168,60],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[56,68169,57290],{"href":57289},[288,68171,2163],{"id":2162},[350,68173,12813,68175,55604],{"id":68174},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68176,54046],{},[20,68178,68179,68180,60],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68181,4110],{},[350,68183,68185],{"id":68184},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68187,68188],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[350,68190,2184,68192,68194],{"id":68191},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68193,54046],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68196,68197,68198,68200],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68199,53581],{}," or slicing.",[350,68202,2167,68204,1560,68206,2172],{"id":68203},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68205,54403],{},[15,68207,52787],{},[20,68209,68210,68212,68213,68215],{},[15,68211,54403],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68214,52787],{}," adds only at the end.",[288,68217,2221],{"id":2220},[40,68219,68220,68226,68232,68236,68240,68244],{},[43,68221,68222],{},[56,68223,55655,68224,1709],{"href":56904},[15,68225,52787],{},[43,68227,68228],{},[56,68229,55655,68230,1709],{"href":53479},[15,68231,53581],{},[43,68233,68234],{},[56,68235,54413],{"href":53183},[43,68237,68238],{},[56,68239,52906],{"href":51113},[43,68241,68242],{},[56,68243,57364],{"href":57289},[43,68245,68246],{},[56,68247,30468,68248,33756],{"href":54431},[15,68249,68250],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2250,68252,68253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":68255},[68256,68258,68259,68260,68266,68273,68282,68284,68293],{"id":66441,"depth":124,"text":68257},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5766,"depth":124,"text":5767},{"id":6122,"depth":124,"text":6123},{"id":66813,"depth":124,"text":66814,"children":68261},[68262,68263,68264,68265],{"id":66825,"depth":139,"text":66826},{"id":66916,"depth":139,"text":66917},{"id":67002,"depth":139,"text":67003},{"id":67088,"depth":139,"text":67089},{"id":67218,"depth":124,"text":68267,"children":68268},"insert() vs append()",[68269,68271],{"id":67228,"depth":139,"text":68270},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67241,"depth":139,"text":68272},"Use append() when:",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":68274},[68275,68277,68278,68280,68281],{"id":67442,"depth":139,"text":68276},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67612,"depth":139,"text":67613},{"id":67763,"depth":139,"text":68279},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67929,"depth":139,"text":67930},{"id":68032,"depth":139,"text":68033},{"id":68129,"depth":124,"text":68283},"When to use insert()",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":68285},[68286,68288,68289,68291],{"id":68174,"depth":139,"text":68287},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68184,"depth":139,"text":68185},{"id":68191,"depth":139,"text":68290},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68203,"depth":139,"text":68292},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66351,"description":68294},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68301,"title":68302,"body":68303,"description":69858,"extension":2292,"meta":69859,"navigation":142,"path":59109,"seo":69860,"stem":69861,"__hash__":69862},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68304,"toc":69831},[68305,68311,68320,68369,68371,68379,68385,68387,68405,68411,68416,68419,68422,68437,68439,68491,68493,68501,68509,68516,68518,68524,68589,68591,68599,68601,68620,68623,68674,68678,68683,68710,68712,68720,68723,68792,68794,68809,68815,68819,68828,68831,68886,68888,68896,68899,68901,68946,68948,68956,68962,68964,68972,68975,68977,69016,69018,69057,69062,69064,69066,69101,69104,69106,69144,69148,69154,69156,69207,69209,69217,69224,69227,69248,69251,69306,69317,69319,69380,69382,69391,69398,69404,69407,69410,69467,69470,69483,69490,69496,69502,69504,69517,69520,69617,69619,69636,69639,69721,69723,69745,69752,69758,69760,69764,69770,69776,69781,69785,69788,69794,69801,69803,69828],[10,68306,68308,68309,3993],{"id":68307},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68310,2139],{},[20,68312,68313,68314,68316,68317,68319],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68315,42491],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68318,42491],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[62,68321,68323],{"className":64,"code":68322,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68324,68325,68345,68359],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68326,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339,68341,68343],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68328,3950],{"class":77},[71,68330,82],{"class":81},[71,68332,1740],{"class":89},[71,68334,2661],{"class":117},[71,68336,109],{"class":89},[71,68338,8129],{"class":117},[71,68340,109],{"class":89},[71,68342,8134],{"class":117},[71,68344,1757],{"class":89},[71,68346,68347,68349,68351,68353,68355,68357],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68348,41371],{"class":77},[71,68350,82],{"class":81},[71,68352,38514],{"class":127},[71,68354,90],{"class":89},[71,68356,3980],{"class":133},[71,68358,121],{"class":89},[71,68360,68361,68363,68365,68367],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,68362,128],{"class":127},[71,68364,90],{"class":89},[71,68366,41389],{"class":133},[71,68368,121],{"class":89},[20,68370,209],{},[62,68372,68373],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,68374,68375],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68376,68377],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68378,46749],{"class":117},[20,68380,283,68381,68384],{},[15,68382,68383],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[288,68386,15275],{"id":15274},[40,68388,68389,68394,68399,68402],{},[43,68390,4534,68391,68393],{},[15,68392,42491],{}," works with Python lists",[43,68395,68396,68397,11813],{},"What value ",[15,68398,42491],{},[43,68400,68401],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[43,68403,68404],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[288,68406,291,68408,68410],{"id":68407},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68409,42491],{}," returns for a list",[20,68412,68413,65223],{},[15,68414,68415],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68417,68418],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68420,68421],{},"A few important points:",[40,68423,68424,68427,68432],{},[43,68425,68426],{},"It counts list items",[43,68428,41035,68429,68431],{},[30,68430,4967],{}," count characters inside a string item",[43,68433,68434,68435],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68436,2449],{},[20,68438,2537],{},[62,68440,68442],{"className":64,"code":68441,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68443,68444,68477],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68445,68446,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473,68475],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68447,4405],{"class":77},[71,68449,82],{"class":81},[71,68451,1740],{"class":89},[71,68453,3184],{"class":99},[71,68455,37174],{"class":103},[71,68457,3184],{"class":99},[71,68459,109],{"class":89},[71,68461,3683],{"class":99},[71,68463,68464],{"class":103},"elephant",[71,68466,3184],{"class":99},[71,68468,109],{"class":89},[71,68470,3683],{"class":99},[71,68472,58263],{"class":103},[71,68474,3184],{"class":99},[71,68476,1757],{"class":89},[71,68478,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68480,128],{"class":127},[71,68482,90],{"class":89},[71,68484,2139],{"class":127},[71,68486,90],{"class":89},[71,68488,4449],{"class":133},[71,68490,204],{"class":89},[20,68492,209],{},[62,68494,68495],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,68496,68497],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68498,68499],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68500,46749],{"class":117},[20,68502,21094,68503,68506,68507,65230],{},[15,68504,68505],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[30,68508,52791],{},[20,68510,68511,68512,60],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[56,68513,13,68514,3841],{"href":42488},[15,68515,42491],{},[288,68517,6123],{"id":6122},[20,68519,68520,68521,68523],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68522,42491],{},", and print the result.",[62,68525,68527],{"className":64,"code":68526,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68528,68529,68561,68575,68579],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68530,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541,68543,68545,68547,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68532,13186],{"class":77},[71,68534,82],{"class":81},[71,68536,1740],{"class":89},[71,68538,3184],{"class":99},[71,68540,13203],{"class":103},[71,68542,3184],{"class":99},[71,68544,109],{"class":89},[71,68546,3683],{"class":99},[71,68548,17570],{"class":103},[71,68550,3184],{"class":99},[71,68552,109],{"class":89},[71,68554,3683],{"class":99},[71,68556,13220],{"class":103},[71,68558,3184],{"class":99},[71,68560,1757],{"class":89},[71,68562,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68564,41371],{"class":77},[71,68566,82],{"class":81},[71,68568,38514],{"class":127},[71,68570,90],{"class":89},[71,68572,17617],{"class":133},[71,68574,121],{"class":89},[71,68576,68577],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,68578,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,68580,68581,68583,68585,68587],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,68582,128],{"class":127},[71,68584,90],{"class":89},[71,68586,41389],{"class":133},[71,68588,121],{"class":89},[20,68590,209],{},[62,68592,68593],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,68594,68595],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68596,68597],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68598,46749],{"class":117},[20,68600,11791],{},[40,68602,68603,68608,68615],{},[43,68604,68605,68607],{},[15,68606,17617],{}," is a list with 3 items",[43,68609,68610,2728,68613],{},[15,68611,68612],{},"len(colors)",[15,68614,640],{},[43,68616,68617,68618],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68619,41389],{},[20,68621,68622],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[62,68624,68626],{"className":64,"code":68625,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68627,68628,68660],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68629,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68631,13186],{"class":77},[71,68633,82],{"class":81},[71,68635,1740],{"class":89},[71,68637,3184],{"class":99},[71,68639,13203],{"class":103},[71,68641,3184],{"class":99},[71,68643,109],{"class":89},[71,68645,3683],{"class":99},[71,68647,17570],{"class":103},[71,68649,3184],{"class":99},[71,68651,109],{"class":89},[71,68653,3683],{"class":99},[71,68655,13220],{"class":103},[71,68657,3184],{"class":99},[71,68659,1757],{"class":89},[71,68661,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68663,128],{"class":127},[71,68665,90],{"class":89},[71,68667,2139],{"class":127},[71,68669,90],{"class":89},[71,68671,17617],{"class":133},[71,68673,204],{"class":89},[288,68675,68677],{"id":68676},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68679,68680,68681,60],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68682,2449],{},[62,68684,68686],{"className":64,"code":68685,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68687,68688,68696],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68689,68690,68692,68694],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68691,1735],{"class":77},[71,68693,82],{"class":81},[71,68695,8177],{"class":89},[71,68697,68698,68700,68702,68704,68706,68708],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68699,128],{"class":127},[71,68701,90],{"class":89},[71,68703,2139],{"class":127},[71,68705,90],{"class":89},[71,68707,1770],{"class":133},[71,68709,204],{"class":89},[20,68711,209],{},[62,68713,68714],{"className":64,"code":47384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,68715,68716],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68717,68718],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68719,47384],{"class":117},[20,68721,68722],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[62,68724,68726],{"className":64,"code":68725,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68727,68728,68736,68740,68758,68772,68778],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68729,68730,68732,68734],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68731,1735],{"class":77},[71,68733,82],{"class":81},[71,68735,8177],{"class":89},[71,68737,68738],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68739,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,68741,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,68743,7337],{"class":4209},[71,68745,38514],{"class":127},[71,68747,90],{"class":89},[71,68749,1770],{"class":133},[71,68751,3993],{"class":89},[71,68753,38524],{"class":81},[71,68755,4165],{"class":117},[71,68757,6731],{"class":89},[71,68759,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,68761,8408],{"class":127},[71,68763,90],{"class":89},[71,68765,1770],{"class":133},[71,68767,4234],{"class":89},[71,68769,2449],{"class":117},[71,68771,4222],{"class":89},[71,68773,68774,68776],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,68775,27553],{"class":4209},[71,68777,6731],{"class":89},[71,68779,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788,68790],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,68781,8408],{"class":127},[71,68783,90],{"class":89},[71,68785,3184],{"class":99},[71,68787,51950],{"class":103},[71,68789,3184],{"class":99},[71,68791,121],{"class":89},[20,68793,209],{},[62,68795,68797],{"className":64,"code":68796,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"The list is empty\n",[15,68798,68799],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68800,68801,68803,68805,68807],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68802,2309],{"class":77},[71,68804,8433],{"class":85},[71,68806,8436],{"class":81},[71,68808,8442],{"class":77},[20,68810,68811,68812,68814],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[56,68813,52906],{"href":51113}," is a good next step.",[288,68816,68818],{"id":68817},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68820,68821,68823,68824,68827],{},[15,68822,42491],{}," counts only the ",[30,68825,68826],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68829,68830],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[62,68832,68834],{"className":64,"code":68833,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68835,68836,68872],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68837,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68839,78],{"class":77},[71,68841,82],{"class":81},[71,68843,56429],{"class":89},[71,68845,3320],{"class":117},[71,68847,109],{"class":89},[71,68849,183],{"class":117},[71,68851,18177],{"class":89},[71,68853,1740],{"class":89},[71,68855,640],{"class":117},[71,68857,109],{"class":89},[71,68859,2788],{"class":117},[71,68861,18177],{"class":89},[71,68863,1740],{"class":89},[71,68865,2466],{"class":117},[71,68867,109],{"class":89},[71,68869,37771],{"class":117},[71,68871,53377],{"class":89},[71,68873,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68875,128],{"class":127},[71,68877,90],{"class":89},[71,68879,2139],{"class":127},[71,68881,90],{"class":89},[71,68883,134],{"class":133},[71,68885,204],{"class":89},[20,68887,209],{},[62,68889,68890],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,68891,68892],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68893,68894],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68895,46749],{"class":117},[20,68897,68898],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68900,52214],{},[62,68902,68904],{"className":64,"code":68903,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68905,68906,68932],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68907,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68909,59609],{"class":77},[71,68911,82],{"class":81},[71,68913,1740],{"class":89},[71,68915,3320],{"class":117},[71,68917,109],{"class":89},[71,68919,1740],{"class":89},[71,68921,630],{"class":117},[71,68923,109],{"class":89},[71,68925,701],{"class":117},[71,68927,18177],{"class":89},[71,68929,2788],{"class":117},[71,68931,1757],{"class":89},[71,68933,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,68935,128],{"class":127},[71,68937,90],{"class":89},[71,68939,2139],{"class":127},[71,68941,90],{"class":89},[71,68943,59662],{"class":133},[71,68945,204],{"class":89},[20,68947,209],{},[62,68949,68950],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,68951,68952],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68953,68954],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68955,46749],{"class":117},[20,68957,21094,68958,68961],{},[15,68959,68960],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[288,68963,4855],{"id":4854},[350,68965,8758,68967,2069,68970],{"id":68966},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68968,68969],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68971,68415],{},[20,68973,68974],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68976,16757],{},[62,68978,68980],{"className":64,"code":68979,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68981,68982,69002],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,68983,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,68985,3950],{"class":77},[71,68987,82],{"class":81},[71,68989,1740],{"class":89},[71,68991,2661],{"class":117},[71,68993,109],{"class":89},[71,68995,8129],{"class":117},[71,68997,109],{"class":89},[71,68999,8134],{"class":117},[71,69001,1757],{"class":89},[71,69003,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69005,128],{"class":127},[71,69007,90],{"class":89},[71,69009,3980],{"class":133},[71,69011,60],{"class":89},[71,69013,2139],{"class":133},[71,69015,7534],{"class":89},[20,69017,16769],{},[62,69019,69021],{"className":64,"code":69020,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69022,69023,69043],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69024,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69026,3950],{"class":77},[71,69028,82],{"class":81},[71,69030,1740],{"class":89},[71,69032,2661],{"class":117},[71,69034,109],{"class":89},[71,69036,8129],{"class":117},[71,69038,109],{"class":89},[71,69040,8134],{"class":117},[71,69042,1757],{"class":89},[71,69044,69045,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69046,128],{"class":127},[71,69048,90],{"class":89},[71,69050,2139],{"class":127},[71,69052,90],{"class":89},[71,69054,3980],{"class":133},[71,69056,204],{"class":89},[20,69058,69059,69061],{},[15,69060,42491],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[350,69063,25806],{"id":25805},[20,69065,16757],{},[62,69067,69069],{"className":64,"code":69068,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69070,69071,69091],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69072,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69074,3950],{"class":77},[71,69076,82],{"class":81},[71,69078,1740],{"class":89},[71,69080,2661],{"class":117},[71,69082,109],{"class":89},[71,69084,8129],{"class":117},[71,69086,109],{"class":89},[71,69088,8134],{"class":117},[71,69090,1757],{"class":89},[71,69092,69093,69095,69097,69099],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69094,128],{"class":127},[71,69096,90],{"class":89},[71,69098,2139],{"class":127},[71,69100,121],{"class":89},[20,69102,69103],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69105,16769],{},[62,69107,69108],{"className":64,"code":69020,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,69109,69110,69130],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69111,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69113,3950],{"class":77},[71,69115,82],{"class":81},[71,69117,1740],{"class":89},[71,69119,2661],{"class":117},[71,69121,109],{"class":89},[71,69123,8129],{"class":117},[71,69125,109],{"class":89},[71,69127,8134],{"class":117},[71,69129,1757],{"class":89},[71,69131,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69133,128],{"class":127},[71,69135,90],{"class":89},[71,69137,2139],{"class":127},[71,69139,90],{"class":89},[71,69141,3980],{"class":133},[71,69143,204],{"class":89},[350,69145,69147],{"id":69146},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69149,69150,69151,69153],{},"The length of a list is ",[30,69152,4967],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69155,2537],{},[62,69157,69159],{"className":64,"code":69158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69160,69161,69193],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69162,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69164,36216],{"class":77},[71,69166,82],{"class":81},[71,69168,1740],{"class":89},[71,69170,3184],{"class":99},[71,69172,56],{"class":103},[71,69174,3184],{"class":99},[71,69176,109],{"class":89},[71,69178,3683],{"class":99},[71,69180,176],{"class":103},[71,69182,3184],{"class":99},[71,69184,109],{"class":89},[71,69186,3683],{"class":99},[71,69188,694],{"class":103},[71,69190,3184],{"class":99},[71,69192,1757],{"class":89},[71,69194,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69196,128],{"class":127},[71,69198,90],{"class":89},[71,69200,2139],{"class":127},[71,69202,90],{"class":89},[71,69204,36269],{"class":133},[71,69206,204],{"class":89},[20,69208,209],{},[62,69210,69211],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,69212,69213],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69214,69215],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69216,46749],{"class":117},[20,69218,69219,69220,19079,69222,60],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69221,630],{},[15,69223,640],{},[20,69225,69226],{},"Indexes are:",[40,69228,69229,69236,69242],{},[43,69230,69231,69233,69234],{},[15,69232,2449],{}," for ",[15,69235,18211],{},[43,69237,69238,69233,69240],{},[15,69239,3320],{},[15,69241,65733],{},[43,69243,69244,69233,69246],{},[15,69245,630],{},[15,69247,66619],{},[20,69249,69250],{},"So this causes an error:",[62,69252,69254],{"className":64,"code":69253,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69255,69256,69288],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69257,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69259,36216],{"class":77},[71,69261,82],{"class":81},[71,69263,1740],{"class":89},[71,69265,3184],{"class":99},[71,69267,56],{"class":103},[71,69269,3184],{"class":99},[71,69271,109],{"class":89},[71,69273,3683],{"class":99},[71,69275,176],{"class":103},[71,69277,3184],{"class":99},[71,69279,109],{"class":89},[71,69281,3683],{"class":99},[71,69283,694],{"class":103},[71,69285,3184],{"class":99},[71,69287,1757],{"class":89},[71,69289,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69291,128],{"class":127},[71,69293,90],{"class":89},[71,69295,36269],{"class":133},[71,69297,4234],{"class":89},[71,69299,2139],{"class":127},[71,69301,90],{"class":89},[71,69303,36269],{"class":133},[71,69305,1647],{"class":89},[20,69307,8837,69308,5120,69311,69313,69314,69316],{},[15,69309,69310],{},"len(letters)",[15,69312,640],{},", and index ",[15,69315,640],{}," does not exist.",[20,69318,18956],{},[62,69320,69322],{"className":64,"code":69321,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69323,69324,69356],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69325,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69327,36216],{"class":77},[71,69329,82],{"class":81},[71,69331,1740],{"class":89},[71,69333,3184],{"class":99},[71,69335,56],{"class":103},[71,69337,3184],{"class":99},[71,69339,109],{"class":89},[71,69341,3683],{"class":99},[71,69343,176],{"class":103},[71,69345,3184],{"class":99},[71,69347,109],{"class":89},[71,69349,3683],{"class":99},[71,69351,694],{"class":103},[71,69353,3184],{"class":99},[71,69355,1757],{"class":89},[71,69357,69358,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69359,128],{"class":127},[71,69361,90],{"class":89},[71,69363,36269],{"class":133},[71,69365,4234],{"class":89},[71,69367,2139],{"class":127},[71,69369,90],{"class":89},[71,69371,36269],{"class":133},[71,69373,3993],{"class":89},[71,69375,2552],{"class":81},[71,69377,165],{"class":117},[71,69379,4222],{"class":89},[20,69381,209],{},[62,69383,69385],{"className":64,"code":69384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"c\n",[15,69386,69387],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69388,69389],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69390,69384],{"class":77},[20,69392,69393,69394,60],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[56,69395,69397],{"href":69396},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[350,69399,8758,69401,69403],{"id":69400},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69402,42491],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69405,69406],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69408,69409],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[62,69411,69413],{"className":64,"code":69412,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69414,69415,69425,69439,69453],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69416,69417,69419,69421,69423],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69418,128],{"class":127},[71,69420,90],{"class":89},[71,69422,8679],{"class":133},[71,69424,121],{"class":89},[71,69426,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69428,128],{"class":127},[71,69430,90],{"class":89},[71,69432,2139],{"class":127},[71,69434,90],{"class":89},[71,69436,8679],{"class":133},[71,69438,204],{"class":89},[71,69440,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,69442,128],{"class":127},[71,69444,90],{"class":89},[71,69446,735],{"class":85},[71,69448,90],{"class":89},[71,69450,8679],{"class":133},[71,69452,204],{"class":89},[71,69454,69455,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,69456,128],{"class":127},[71,69458,90],{"class":89},[71,69460,8679],{"class":133},[71,69462,4234],{"class":89},[71,69464,2449],{"class":117},[71,69466,4222],{"class":89},[20,69468,69469],{},"These help you verify:",[40,69471,69472,69475,69477,69480],{},[43,69473,69474],{},"what the variable contains",[43,69476,60921],{},[43,69478,69479],{},"whether it is really a list",[43,69481,69482],{},"what the first item is",[20,69484,69485,69486,69489],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69487,69488],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[288,69491,5298,69493,69495],{"id":69492},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69494,42491],{}," with lists",[20,69497,69498,69499,69501],{},"You will often use ",[15,69500,42491],{}," in real programs.",[20,69503,321],{},[40,69505,69506,69508,69511,69514],{},[43,69507,51904],{},[43,69509,69510],{},"Control loops",[43,69512,69513],{},"Validate input or results",[43,69515,69516],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69518,69519],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[62,69521,69523],{"className":64,"code":69522,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69524,69525,69545,69561,69565,69579,69593],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69526,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69528,2886],{"class":77},[71,69530,82],{"class":81},[71,69532,1740],{"class":89},[71,69534,3320],{"class":117},[71,69536,109],{"class":89},[71,69538,183],{"class":117},[71,69540,109],{"class":89},[71,69542,701],{"class":117},[71,69544,1757],{"class":89},[71,69546,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555,69557,69559],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69548,2913],{"class":77},[71,69550,82],{"class":81},[71,69552,1740],{"class":89},[71,69554,2661],{"class":117},[71,69556,109],{"class":89},[71,69558,8129],{"class":117},[71,69560,1757],{"class":89},[71,69562,69563],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,69564,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,69566,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575,69577],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,69568,128],{"class":127},[71,69570,90],{"class":89},[71,69572,2139],{"class":127},[71,69574,90],{"class":89},[71,69576,56],{"class":133},[71,69578,204],{"class":89},[71,69580,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,69582,128],{"class":127},[71,69584,90],{"class":89},[71,69586,2139],{"class":127},[71,69588,90],{"class":89},[71,69590,176],{"class":133},[71,69592,204],{"class":89},[71,69594,69595,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,69596,128],{"class":127},[71,69598,90],{"class":89},[71,69600,2139],{"class":127},[71,69602,90],{"class":89},[71,69604,56],{"class":133},[71,69606,3993],{"class":89},[71,69608,38524],{"class":81},[71,69610,38514],{"class":127},[71,69612,90],{"class":89},[71,69614,176],{"class":133},[71,69616,204],{"class":89},[20,69618,209],{},[62,69620,69622],{"className":64,"code":69621,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69623,69624,69628,69632],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69625,69626],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69627,46749],{"class":117},[71,69629,69630],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69631,17170],{"class":117},[71,69633,69634],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,69635,4314],{"class":4184},[20,69637,69638],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[62,69640,69642],{"className":64,"code":69641,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69643,69644,69676,69680,69702],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69645,69646,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69647,5332],{"class":77},[71,69649,82],{"class":81},[71,69651,1740],{"class":89},[71,69653,3184],{"class":99},[71,69655,12990],{"class":103},[71,69657,3184],{"class":99},[71,69659,109],{"class":89},[71,69661,3683],{"class":99},[71,69663,36066],{"class":103},[71,69665,3184],{"class":99},[71,69667,109],{"class":89},[71,69669,3683],{"class":99},[71,69671,36075],{"class":103},[71,69673,3184],{"class":99},[71,69675,1757],{"class":89},[71,69677,69678],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69679,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,69681,69682,69684,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,69683,6294],{"class":4209},[71,69685,69686],{"class":77}," i ",[71,69688,4216],{"class":4209},[71,69690,54205],{"class":127},[71,69692,90],{"class":89},[71,69694,2139],{"class":127},[71,69696,90],{"class":89},[71,69698,5375],{"class":133},[71,69700,69701],{"class":89},")):\n",[71,69703,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69715,69717,69719],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,69705,8408],{"class":127},[71,69707,90],{"class":89},[71,69709,36280],{"class":133},[71,69711,109],{"class":89},[71,69713,69714],{"class":133}," names",[71,69716,4234],{"class":89},[71,69718,36280],{"class":133},[71,69720,4222],{"class":89},[20,69722,209],{},[62,69724,69725],{"className":64,"code":36124,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,69726,69727,69733,69739],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69728,69729,69731],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69730,2449],{"class":117},[71,69732,36133],{"class":77},[71,69734,69735,69737],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69736,3320],{"class":117},[71,69738,36140],{"class":77},[71,69740,69741,69743],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,69742,630],{"class":117},[71,69744,36147],{"class":77},[20,69746,69747,69748,60],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[56,69749,69751],{"href":69750},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69753,69754,69755,69757],{},"You can also read ",[56,69756,51681],{"href":51680}," for a task-focused guide.",[288,69759,2163],{"id":2162},[350,69761,69763],{"id":69762},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69765,283,69766,69769],{},[15,69767,69768],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[350,69771,5479,69773,12825],{"id":69772},"what-does-len-return",[15,69774,69775],{},"len([])",[20,69777,5485,69778,69780],{},[15,69779,2449],{}," because the list is empty.",[350,69782,69784],{"id":69783},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69786,69787],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[350,69789,28448,69791,69793],{"id":69790},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69792,68969],{}," in Python?",[20,69795,30391,69796,8562,69798,69800],{},[15,69797,68415],{},[15,69799,42491],{}," is a built-in function.",[288,69802,2221],{"id":2220},[40,69804,69805,69811,69815,69819,69823],{},[43,69806,69807],{},[56,69808,13,69809,3841],{"href":42488},[15,69810,42491],{},[43,69812,69813],{},[56,69814,52725],{"href":51680},[43,69816,69817],{},[56,69818,52906],{"href":51113},[43,69820,69821],{},[56,69822,69397],{"href":69396},[43,69824,69825],{},[56,69826,69827],{"href":69750},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2250,69829,69830],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":69832},[69833,69834,69836,69837,69838,69839,69847,69849,69857],{"id":15274,"depth":124,"text":15275},{"id":68407,"depth":124,"text":69835},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6122,"depth":124,"text":6123},{"id":68676,"depth":124,"text":68677},{"id":68817,"depth":124,"text":68818},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":69840},[69841,69843,69844,69845],{"id":68966,"depth":139,"text":69842},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25805,"depth":139,"text":25806},{"id":69146,"depth":139,"text":69147},{"id":69400,"depth":139,"text":69846},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69492,"depth":124,"text":69848},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":69850},[69851,69852,69854,69855],{"id":69762,"depth":139,"text":69763},{"id":69772,"depth":139,"text":69853},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69783,"depth":139,"text":69784},{"id":69790,"depth":139,"text":69856},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68302,"description":69858},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69864,"title":69865,"body":69866,"description":71848,"extension":2292,"meta":71849,"navigation":142,"path":71850,"seo":71851,"stem":71852,"__hash__":71853},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69867,"toc":71821},[69868,69871,69876,69879,69887,69900,69902,69967,69969,69991,69996,70000,70005,70013,70015,70025,70027,70108,70110,70140,70142,70161,70166,70183,70185,70269,70271,70301,70306,70310,70316,70400,70402,70432,70435,70439,70442,70533,70535,70573,70576,70661,70663,70693,70699,70706,70710,70715,70724,70726,70811,70813,70842,70845,70853,70857,70861,70870,70893,70895,70917,70919,70933,70935,70995,70999,71004,71043,71045,71062,71064,71074,71173,71178,71182,71187,71230,71232,71260,71262,71276,71351,71353,71375,71379,71382,71387,71398,71403,71411,71414,71485,71487,71512,71569,71571,71592,71601,71609,71614,71616,71621,71642,71645,71720,71723,71737,71744,71746,71750,71756,71760,71770,71774,71781,71785,71791,71793,71818],[10,69869,69865],{"id":69870},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69872,69873,69875],{},[15,69874,55217],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69877,69878],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[40,69880,69881,69884],{},[43,69882,69883],{},"delete an item from a list",[43,69885,69886],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69888,69889,69890,69892,69893,9046,69895,69899],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69891,12872],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69894,12872],{},[56,69896,69897],{"href":55207},[15,69898,55664],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[288,69901,2334],{"id":2333},[62,69903,69905],{"className":64,"code":69904,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69906,69907,69927,69942,69946,69957],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69908,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69910,3950],{"class":77},[71,69912,82],{"class":81},[71,69914,1740],{"class":89},[71,69916,2661],{"class":117},[71,69918,109],{"class":89},[71,69920,8129],{"class":117},[71,69922,109],{"class":89},[71,69924,8134],{"class":117},[71,69926,1757],{"class":89},[71,69928,69929,69932,69934,69936,69938,69940],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69930,69931],{"class":77},"last_item ",[71,69933,82],{"class":81},[71,69935,4599],{"class":77},[71,69937,60],{"class":89},[71,69939,26360],{"class":133},[71,69941,369],{"class":89},[71,69943,69944],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,69945,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,69947,69948,69950,69952,69955],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,69949,128],{"class":127},[71,69951,90],{"class":89},[71,69953,69954],{"class":133},"last_item",[71,69956,121],{"class":89},[71,69958,69959,69961,69963,69965],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,69960,128],{"class":127},[71,69962,90],{"class":89},[71,69964,3980],{"class":133},[71,69966,121],{"class":89},[20,69968,209],{},[62,69970,69972],{"className":64,"code":69971,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69973,69974,69979],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,69975,69976],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,69977,69978],{"class":117},"30\n",[71,69980,69981,69983,69985,69987,69989],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,69982,4234],{"class":89},[71,69984,2661],{"class":117},[71,69986,109],{"class":89},[71,69988,8129],{"class":117},[71,69990,1757],{"class":89},[20,69992,283,69993,69995],{},[15,69994,12872],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[288,69997,69999],{"id":69998},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70001,70002,70004],{},[15,70003,12872],{}," has two main jobs:",[40,70006,70007,70010],{},[43,70008,70009],{},"It removes one item from a list",[43,70011,70012],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70014,43781],{},[40,70016,70017,70020,70023],{},[43,70018,70019],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[43,70021,70022],{},"It changes the original list",[43,70024,52880],{},[20,70026,2537],{},[62,70028,70030],{"className":64,"code":70029,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70031,70032,70064,70068,70083,70087,70098],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70033,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70035,13186],{"class":77},[71,70037,82],{"class":81},[71,70039,1740],{"class":89},[71,70041,3184],{"class":99},[71,70043,13203],{"class":103},[71,70045,3184],{"class":99},[71,70047,109],{"class":89},[71,70049,3683],{"class":99},[71,70051,17570],{"class":103},[71,70053,3184],{"class":99},[71,70055,109],{"class":89},[71,70057,3683],{"class":99},[71,70059,13220],{"class":103},[71,70061,3184],{"class":99},[71,70063,1757],{"class":89},[71,70065,70066],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70067,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70069,70070,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,70071,70072],{"class":77},"removed ",[71,70074,82],{"class":81},[71,70076,13234],{"class":77},[71,70078,60],{"class":89},[71,70080,26360],{"class":133},[71,70082,369],{"class":89},[71,70084,70085],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,70086,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70088,70089,70091,70093,70096],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,70090,128],{"class":127},[71,70092,90],{"class":89},[71,70094,70095],{"class":133},"removed",[71,70097,121],{"class":89},[71,70099,70100,70102,70104,70106],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,70101,128],{"class":127},[71,70103,90],{"class":89},[71,70105,17617],{"class":133},[71,70107,121],{"class":89},[20,70109,209],{},[62,70111,70113],{"className":64,"code":70112,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70114,70115,70120],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70116,70117],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70118,70119],{"class":77},"blue\n",[71,70121,70122,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70123,4234],{"class":89},[71,70125,100],{"class":99},[71,70127,13203],{"class":103},[71,70129,100],{"class":99},[71,70131,109],{"class":89},[71,70133,231],{"class":99},[71,70135,17570],{"class":103},[71,70137,100],{"class":99},[71,70139,1757],{"class":89},[288,70141,343],{"id":342},[62,70143,70145],{"className":64,"code":70144,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70146,70147],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70148,70149,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70150,8433],{"class":85},[71,70152,60],{"class":89},[71,70154,26360],{"class":133},[71,70156,3317],{"class":89},[71,70158,35971],{"class":133},[71,70160,4222],{"class":89},[20,70162,2309,70163,70165],{},[15,70164,35971],{}," is optional.",[40,70167,70168,70174,70180],{},[43,70169,70170,70171,70173],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70172,12872],{}," removes the last item",[43,70175,70176,70177,70179],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70178,12872],{}," removes the item at that position",[43,70181,70182],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70184,2537],{},[62,70186,70188],{"className":64,"code":70187,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70189,70190,70222,70226,70245,70249,70259],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70191,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70193,36216],{"class":77},[71,70195,82],{"class":81},[71,70197,1740],{"class":89},[71,70199,3184],{"class":99},[71,70201,56],{"class":103},[71,70203,3184],{"class":99},[71,70205,109],{"class":89},[71,70207,3683],{"class":99},[71,70209,176],{"class":103},[71,70211,3184],{"class":99},[71,70213,109],{"class":89},[71,70215,3683],{"class":99},[71,70217,694],{"class":103},[71,70219,3184],{"class":99},[71,70221,1757],{"class":89},[71,70223,70224],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70225,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70227,70228,70230,70232,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,70229,28658],{"class":77},[71,70231,82],{"class":81},[71,70233,70234],{"class":77}," letters",[71,70236,60],{"class":89},[71,70238,26360],{"class":133},[71,70240,90],{"class":89},[71,70242,3320],{"class":117},[71,70244,121],{"class":89},[71,70246,70247],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,70248,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70250,70251,70253,70255,70257],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,70252,128],{"class":127},[71,70254,90],{"class":89},[71,70256,23428],{"class":133},[71,70258,121],{"class":89},[71,70260,70261,70263,70265,70267],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,70262,128],{"class":127},[71,70264,90],{"class":89},[71,70266,36269],{"class":133},[71,70268,121],{"class":89},[20,70270,209],{},[62,70272,70274],{"className":64,"code":70273,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70275,70276,70281],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70277,70278],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70279,70280],{"class":77},"b\n",[71,70282,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70284,4234],{"class":89},[71,70286,100],{"class":99},[71,70288,56],{"class":103},[71,70290,100],{"class":99},[71,70292,109],{"class":89},[71,70294,231],{"class":99},[71,70296,694],{"class":103},[71,70298,100],{"class":99},[71,70300,1757],{"class":89},[20,70302,70303,70304,60],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[56,70305,52906],{"href":51113},[288,70307,70309],{"id":70308},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70311,70312,70313,70315],{},"When you call ",[15,70314,12872],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[62,70317,70319],{"className":64,"code":70318,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70320,70321,70356,70360,70375,70379,70390],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70322,70323,70325,70327,70329,70331,70334,70336,70338,70340,70343,70345,70347,70349,70352,70354],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70324,30018],{"class":77},[71,70326,82],{"class":81},[71,70328,1740],{"class":89},[71,70330,3184],{"class":99},[71,70332,70333],{"class":103},"write",[71,70335,3184],{"class":99},[71,70337,109],{"class":89},[71,70339,3683],{"class":99},[71,70341,70342],{"class":103},"test",[71,70344,3184],{"class":99},[71,70346,109],{"class":89},[71,70348,3683],{"class":99},[71,70350,70351],{"class":103},"submit",[71,70353,3184],{"class":99},[71,70355,1757],{"class":89},[71,70357,70358],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70359,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70361,70362,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,70363,70364],{"class":77},"last_task ",[71,70366,82],{"class":81},[71,70368,30096],{"class":77},[71,70370,60],{"class":89},[71,70372,26360],{"class":133},[71,70374,369],{"class":89},[71,70376,70377],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,70378,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70380,70381,70383,70385,70388],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,70382,128],{"class":127},[71,70384,90],{"class":89},[71,70386,70387],{"class":133},"last_task",[71,70389,121],{"class":89},[71,70391,70392,70394,70396,70398],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,70393,128],{"class":127},[71,70395,90],{"class":89},[71,70397,36632],{"class":133},[71,70399,121],{"class":89},[20,70401,209],{},[62,70403,70405],{"className":64,"code":70404,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70406,70407,70412],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70408,70409],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70410,70411],{"class":77},"submit\n",[71,70413,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70415,4234],{"class":89},[71,70417,100],{"class":99},[71,70419,70333],{"class":103},[71,70421,100],{"class":99},[71,70423,109],{"class":89},[71,70425,231],{"class":99},[71,70427,70342],{"class":103},[71,70429,100],{"class":99},[71,70431,1757],{"class":89},[20,70433,70434],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[288,70436,70438],{"id":70437},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70440,70441],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[62,70443,70445],{"className":64,"code":70444,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70446,70447,70487,70491,70509,70513,70523],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70448,70449,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479,70481,70483,70485],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70450,36365],{"class":77},[71,70452,82],{"class":81},[71,70454,1740],{"class":89},[71,70456,3184],{"class":99},[71,70458,4414],{"class":103},[71,70460,3184],{"class":99},[71,70462,109],{"class":89},[71,70464,3683],{"class":99},[71,70466,4423],{"class":103},[71,70468,3184],{"class":99},[71,70470,109],{"class":89},[71,70472,3683],{"class":99},[71,70474,4432],{"class":103},[71,70476,3184],{"class":99},[71,70478,109],{"class":89},[71,70480,3683],{"class":99},[71,70482,33343],{"class":103},[71,70484,3184],{"class":99},[71,70486,1757],{"class":89},[71,70488,70489],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70490,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70492,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,70494,70072],{"class":77},[71,70496,82],{"class":81},[71,70498,52986],{"class":77},[71,70500,60],{"class":89},[71,70502,26360],{"class":133},[71,70504,90],{"class":89},[71,70506,3320],{"class":117},[71,70508,121],{"class":89},[71,70510,70511],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,70512,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70514,70515,70517,70519,70521],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,70516,128],{"class":127},[71,70518,90],{"class":89},[71,70520,70095],{"class":133},[71,70522,121],{"class":89},[71,70524,70525,70527,70529,70531],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,70526,128],{"class":127},[71,70528,90],{"class":89},[71,70530,36417],{"class":133},[71,70532,121],{"class":89},[20,70534,209],{},[62,70536,70538],{"className":64,"code":70537,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70539,70540,70545],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70541,70542],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70543,70544],{"class":77},"banana\n",[71,70546,70547,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70548,4234],{"class":89},[71,70550,100],{"class":99},[71,70552,4414],{"class":103},[71,70554,100],{"class":99},[71,70556,109],{"class":89},[71,70558,231],{"class":99},[71,70560,4432],{"class":103},[71,70562,100],{"class":99},[71,70564,109],{"class":89},[71,70566,231],{"class":99},[71,70568,33343],{"class":103},[71,70570,100],{"class":99},[71,70572,1757],{"class":89},[20,70574,70575],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[62,70577,70579],{"className":64,"code":70578,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70580,70581,70613,70617,70637,70641,70651],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70582,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70584,36365],{"class":77},[71,70586,82],{"class":81},[71,70588,1740],{"class":89},[71,70590,3184],{"class":99},[71,70592,4414],{"class":103},[71,70594,3184],{"class":99},[71,70596,109],{"class":89},[71,70598,3683],{"class":99},[71,70600,4423],{"class":103},[71,70602,3184],{"class":99},[71,70604,109],{"class":89},[71,70606,3683],{"class":99},[71,70608,4432],{"class":103},[71,70610,3184],{"class":99},[71,70612,1757],{"class":89},[71,70614,70615],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70616,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70618,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633,70635],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,70620,70072],{"class":77},[71,70622,82],{"class":81},[71,70624,52986],{"class":77},[71,70626,60],{"class":89},[71,70628,26360],{"class":133},[71,70630,90],{"class":89},[71,70632,2353],{"class":81},[71,70634,3320],{"class":117},[71,70636,121],{"class":89},[71,70638,70639],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,70640,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70642,70643,70645,70647,70649],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,70644,128],{"class":127},[71,70646,90],{"class":89},[71,70648,70095],{"class":133},[71,70650,121],{"class":89},[71,70652,70653,70655,70657,70659],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,70654,128],{"class":127},[71,70656,90],{"class":89},[71,70658,36417],{"class":133},[71,70660,121],{"class":89},[20,70662,209],{},[62,70664,70666],{"className":64,"code":70665,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70667,70668,70673],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70669,70670],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70671,70672],{"class":77},"cherry\n",[71,70674,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689,70691],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70676,4234],{"class":89},[71,70678,100],{"class":99},[71,70680,4414],{"class":103},[71,70682,100],{"class":99},[71,70684,109],{"class":89},[71,70686,231],{"class":99},[71,70688,4423],{"class":103},[71,70690,100],{"class":99},[71,70692,1757],{"class":89},[20,70694,70695,70696,70698],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70697,65992],{}," means the last item.",[20,70700,70701,70702,60],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[56,70703,70704,1709],{"href":59101},[15,70705,65003],{},[288,70707,70709],{"id":70708},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70711,70712,70714],{},[15,70713,12872],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70716,70717,70718,1560,70720,60],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70719,12872],{},[56,70721,70722],{"href":55207},[15,70723,55664],{},[20,70725,2537],{},[62,70727,70729],{"className":64,"code":70728,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70730,70731,70763,70767,70786,70790,70801],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70732,70733,70735,70737,70739,70741,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70734,5332],{"class":77},[71,70736,82],{"class":81},[71,70738,1740],{"class":89},[71,70740,3184],{"class":99},[71,70742,12990],{"class":103},[71,70744,3184],{"class":99},[71,70746,109],{"class":89},[71,70748,3683],{"class":99},[71,70750,36066],{"class":103},[71,70752,3184],{"class":99},[71,70754,109],{"class":89},[71,70756,3683],{"class":99},[71,70758,36075],{"class":103},[71,70760,3184],{"class":99},[71,70762,1757],{"class":89},[71,70764,70765],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70766,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70768,70769,70772,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782,70784],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,70770,70771],{"class":77},"removed_name ",[71,70773,82],{"class":81},[71,70775,69714],{"class":77},[71,70777,60],{"class":89},[71,70779,26360],{"class":133},[71,70781,90],{"class":89},[71,70783,2449],{"class":117},[71,70785,121],{"class":89},[71,70787,70788],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,70789,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70791,70792,70794,70796,70799],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,70793,128],{"class":127},[71,70795,90],{"class":89},[71,70797,70798],{"class":133},"removed_name",[71,70800,121],{"class":89},[71,70802,70803,70805,70807,70809],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,70804,128],{"class":127},[71,70806,90],{"class":89},[71,70808,5375],{"class":133},[71,70810,121],{"class":89},[20,70812,209],{},[62,70814,70816],{"className":64,"code":70815,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70817,70818,70822],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70819,70820],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70821,50173],{"class":77},[71,70823,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838,70840],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70825,4234],{"class":89},[71,70827,100],{"class":99},[71,70829,36066],{"class":103},[71,70831,100],{"class":99},[71,70833,109],{"class":89},[71,70835,231],{"class":99},[71,70837,36075],{"class":103},[71,70839,100],{"class":99},[71,70841,1757],{"class":89},[20,70843,70844],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70846,70847,70848,70850,70851,60],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70849,55664],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70852,4110],{},[288,70854,70856],{"id":70855},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[350,70858,70860],{"id":70859},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70862,70863,70864,70866,70867,60],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70865,12872],{}," raises an ",[15,70868,70869],{},"IndexError",[62,70871,70873],{"className":64,"code":70872,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70874,70875,70883],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70876,70877,70879,70881],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70878,1735],{"class":77},[71,70880,82],{"class":81},[71,70882,8177],{"class":89},[71,70884,70885,70887,70889,70891],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70886,1770],{"class":77},[71,70888,60],{"class":89},[71,70890,26360],{"class":133},[71,70892,369],{"class":89},[20,70894,209],{},[62,70896,70898],{"className":64,"code":70897,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70899,70900],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70901,70902,70904,70906,70909,70912,70915],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70903,70869],{"class":85},[71,70905,228],{"class":89},[71,70907,70908],{"class":77}," pop ",[71,70910,70911],{"class":4209},"from",[71,70913,70914],{"class":77}," empty ",[71,70916,50019],{"class":85},[20,70918,39390],{},[40,70920,70921,70926],{},[43,70922,70923,70924],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70925,12872],{},[43,70927,70928,70929,1560,70931],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70930,29924],{},[15,70932,29955],{},[20,70934,2537],{},[62,70936,70938],{"className":64,"code":70937,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70939,70940,70948,70952,70960,70974,70980],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,70941,70942,70944,70946],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,70943,1735],{"class":77},[71,70945,82],{"class":81},[71,70947,8177],{"class":89},[71,70949,70950],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,70951,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,70953,70954,70956,70958],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,70955,7337],{"class":4209},[71,70957,6302],{"class":77},[71,70959,6731],{"class":89},[71,70961,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,70963,8408],{"class":127},[71,70965,90],{"class":89},[71,70967,1770],{"class":133},[71,70969,60],{"class":89},[71,70971,26360],{"class":133},[71,70973,7534],{"class":89},[71,70975,70976,70978],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,70977,27553],{"class":4209},[71,70979,6731],{"class":89},[71,70981,70982,70984,70986,70988,70991,70993],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,70983,8408],{"class":127},[71,70985,90],{"class":89},[71,70987,3184],{"class":99},[71,70989,70990],{"class":103},"The list is empty.",[71,70992,3184],{"class":99},[71,70994,121],{"class":89},[350,70996,70998],{"id":70997},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71000,71001,71002,60],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71003,70869],{},[62,71005,71007],{"className":64,"code":71006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71008,71009,71029],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71010,71011,71013,71015,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71012,3950],{"class":77},[71,71014,82],{"class":81},[71,71016,1740],{"class":89},[71,71018,2661],{"class":117},[71,71020,109],{"class":89},[71,71022,8129],{"class":117},[71,71024,109],{"class":89},[71,71026,8134],{"class":117},[71,71028,1757],{"class":89},[71,71030,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71032,3980],{"class":77},[71,71034,60],{"class":89},[71,71036,26360],{"class":133},[71,71038,90],{"class":89},[71,71040,2466],{"class":117},[71,71042,121],{"class":89},[20,71044,209],{},[62,71046,71048],{"className":64,"code":71047,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71049,71050],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71051,71052,71054,71056,71059],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71053,70869],{"class":85},[71,71055,228],{"class":89},[71,71057,71058],{"class":77}," pop index out of ",[71,71060,71061],{"class":127},"range\n",[20,71063,39390],{},[40,71065,71066,71071],{},[43,71067,71068,71069],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71070,42491],{},[43,71072,71073],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[62,71075,71077],{"className":64,"code":71076,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71078,71079,71099,71108,71112,71134,71152,71158],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71080,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095,71097],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71082,3950],{"class":77},[71,71084,82],{"class":81},[71,71086,1740],{"class":89},[71,71088,2661],{"class":117},[71,71090,109],{"class":89},[71,71092,8129],{"class":117},[71,71094,109],{"class":89},[71,71096,8134],{"class":117},[71,71098,1757],{"class":89},[71,71100,71101,71104,71106],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71102,71103],{"class":77},"index ",[71,71105,82],{"class":81},[71,71107,45721],{"class":117},[71,71109,71110],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,71111,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,71113,71114,71116,71118,71121,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,71115,7337],{"class":4209},[71,71117,4165],{"class":117},[71,71119,71120],{"class":81}," \u003C=",[71,71122,71123],{"class":77}," index ",[71,71125,765],{"class":81},[71,71127,38514],{"class":127},[71,71129,90],{"class":89},[71,71131,3980],{"class":133},[71,71133,8682],{"class":89},[71,71135,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146,71148,71150],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,71137,8408],{"class":127},[71,71139,90],{"class":89},[71,71141,3980],{"class":133},[71,71143,60],{"class":89},[71,71145,26360],{"class":133},[71,71147,90],{"class":89},[71,71149,35971],{"class":133},[71,71151,204],{"class":89},[71,71153,71154,71156],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,71155,27553],{"class":4209},[71,71157,6731],{"class":89},[71,71159,71160,71162,71164,71166,71169,71171],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,71161,8408],{"class":127},[71,71163,90],{"class":89},[71,71165,3184],{"class":99},[71,71167,71168],{"class":103},"Index is out of range.",[71,71170,3184],{"class":99},[71,71172,121],{"class":89},[20,71174,71175,71176,60],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[56,71177,69397],{"href":69396},[350,71179,71181],{"id":71180},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71183,71184,71186],{},[15,71185,12872],{}," expects an integer index.",[62,71188,71190],{"className":64,"code":71189,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71191,71192,71212],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71193,71194,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71195,3950],{"class":77},[71,71197,82],{"class":81},[71,71199,1740],{"class":89},[71,71201,2661],{"class":117},[71,71203,109],{"class":89},[71,71205,8129],{"class":117},[71,71207,109],{"class":89},[71,71209,8134],{"class":117},[71,71211,1757],{"class":89},[71,71213,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71215,3980],{"class":77},[71,71217,60],{"class":89},[71,71219,26360],{"class":133},[71,71221,90],{"class":89},[71,71223,3184],{"class":99},[71,71225,3320],{"class":103},[71,71227,3184],{"class":99},[71,71229,121],{"class":89},[20,71231,209],{},[62,71233,71235],{"className":64,"code":71234,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71236,71237],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71238,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71254,71257],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71240,3337],{"class":85},[71,71242,228],{"class":89},[71,71244,231],{"class":99},[71,71246,3775],{"class":103},[71,71248,100],{"class":99},[71,71250,24735],{"class":85},[71,71252,71253],{"class":77}," cannot be interpreted ",[71,71255,71256],{"class":4209},"as",[71,71258,71259],{"class":77}," an integer\n",[20,71261,39390],{},[40,71263,71264,71273],{},[43,71265,71266,71267,2518,71269,2522,71271],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71268,2449],{},[15,71270,3320],{},[15,71272,65992],{},[43,71274,71275],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[62,71277,71279],{"className":64,"code":71278,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71280,71281,71301,71319,71323,71341],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71282,71283,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71284,3950],{"class":77},[71,71286,82],{"class":81},[71,71288,1740],{"class":89},[71,71290,2661],{"class":117},[71,71292,109],{"class":89},[71,71294,8129],{"class":117},[71,71296,109],{"class":89},[71,71298,8134],{"class":117},[71,71300,1757],{"class":89},[71,71302,71303,71305,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315,71317],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71304,71103],{"class":77},[71,71306,82],{"class":81},[71,71308,45408],{"class":85},[71,71310,90],{"class":89},[71,71312,3184],{"class":99},[71,71314,3320],{"class":103},[71,71316,3184],{"class":99},[71,71318,121],{"class":89},[71,71320,71321],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,71322,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,71324,71325,71327,71329,71331,71333,71335,71337,71339],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,71326,128],{"class":127},[71,71328,90],{"class":89},[71,71330,3980],{"class":133},[71,71332,60],{"class":89},[71,71334,26360],{"class":133},[71,71336,90],{"class":89},[71,71338,35971],{"class":133},[71,71340,204],{"class":89},[71,71342,71343,71345,71347,71349],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,71344,128],{"class":127},[71,71346,90],{"class":89},[71,71348,3980],{"class":133},[71,71350,121],{"class":89},[20,71352,209],{},[62,71354,71356],{"className":64,"code":71355,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71357,71358,71363],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71359,71360],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71361,71362],{"class":117},"20\n",[71,71364,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71366,4234],{"class":89},[71,71368,2661],{"class":117},[71,71370,109],{"class":89},[71,71372,8134],{"class":117},[71,71374,1757],{"class":89},[288,71376,71378],{"id":71377},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71380,71381],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[350,71383,283,71385,1569],{"id":71384},"use-pop-when",[15,71386,12872],{},[40,71388,71389,71392,71395],{},[43,71390,71391],{},"you want to remove by index",[43,71393,71394],{},"you want the removed item returned",[43,71396,71397],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[350,71399,283,71401,1569],{"id":71400},"use-remove-when",[15,71402,55664],{},[40,71404,71405,71408],{},[43,71406,71407],{},"you want to remove by value",[43,71409,71410],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71412,71413],{},"Compare these examples:",[62,71415,71417],{"className":64,"code":71416,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71418,71419,71443,71447,71465,71475],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71420,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71422,3950],{"class":77},[71,71424,82],{"class":81},[71,71426,1740],{"class":89},[71,71428,2661],{"class":117},[71,71430,109],{"class":89},[71,71432,8129],{"class":117},[71,71434,109],{"class":89},[71,71436,8134],{"class":117},[71,71438,109],{"class":89},[71,71440,8129],{"class":117},[71,71442,1757],{"class":89},[71,71444,71445],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71446,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,71448,71449,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459,71461,71463],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,71450,70072],{"class":77},[71,71452,82],{"class":81},[71,71454,4599],{"class":77},[71,71456,60],{"class":89},[71,71458,26360],{"class":133},[71,71460,90],{"class":89},[71,71462,3320],{"class":117},[71,71464,121],{"class":89},[71,71466,71467,71469,71471,71473],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,71468,128],{"class":127},[71,71470,90],{"class":89},[71,71472,70095],{"class":133},[71,71474,121],{"class":89},[71,71476,71477,71479,71481,71483],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,71478,128],{"class":127},[71,71480,90],{"class":89},[71,71482,3980],{"class":133},[71,71484,121],{"class":89},[20,71486,209],{},[62,71488,71490],{"className":64,"code":71489,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71491,71492,71496],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71493,71494],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71495,71362],{"class":117},[71,71497,71498,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508,71510],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71499,4234],{"class":89},[71,71501,2661],{"class":117},[71,71503,109],{"class":89},[71,71505,8134],{"class":117},[71,71507,109],{"class":89},[71,71509,8129],{"class":117},[71,71511,1757],{"class":89},[62,71513,71515],{"className":64,"code":71514,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71516,71517,71541,71545,71559],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71518,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71520,3950],{"class":77},[71,71522,82],{"class":81},[71,71524,1740],{"class":89},[71,71526,2661],{"class":117},[71,71528,109],{"class":89},[71,71530,8129],{"class":117},[71,71532,109],{"class":89},[71,71534,8134],{"class":117},[71,71536,109],{"class":89},[71,71538,8129],{"class":117},[71,71540,1757],{"class":89},[71,71542,71543],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71544,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,71546,71547,71549,71551,71553,71555,71557],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,71548,3980],{"class":77},[71,71550,60],{"class":89},[71,71552,34918],{"class":133},[71,71554,90],{"class":89},[71,71556,15867],{"class":117},[71,71558,121],{"class":89},[71,71560,71561,71563,71565,71567],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,71562,128],{"class":127},[71,71564,90],{"class":89},[71,71566,3980],{"class":133},[71,71568,121],{"class":89},[20,71570,209],{},[62,71572,71574],{"className":64,"code":71573,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71575,71576],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71577,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71579,4234],{"class":89},[71,71581,2661],{"class":117},[71,71583,109],{"class":89},[71,71585,8134],{"class":117},[71,71587,109],{"class":89},[71,71589,8129],{"class":117},[71,71591,1757],{"class":89},[20,71593,71594,71595,71598,71599,60],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71596,71597],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71600,3320],{},[20,71602,56740,71603,71606,71607,60],{},[15,71604,71605],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71608,15867],{},[20,71610,71611,71612,60],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[56,71613,55203],{"href":55202},[288,71615,2054],{"id":2053},[20,71617,71618,71619,228],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71620,12872],{},[40,71622,71623,71626,71629,71635,71639],{},[43,71624,71625],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[43,71627,71628],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[43,71630,37331,71631,9046,71633],{},[15,71632,12872],{},[15,71634,55664],{},[43,71636,8794,71637,62109],{},[15,71638,12872],{},[43,71640,71641],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71643,71644],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[62,71646,71648],{"className":64,"code":71647,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71649,71650,71660,71674,71688,71706],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71651,71652,71654,71656,71658],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71653,128],{"class":127},[71,71655,90],{"class":89},[71,71657,8679],{"class":133},[71,71659,121],{"class":89},[71,71661,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71663,128],{"class":127},[71,71665,90],{"class":89},[71,71667,2139],{"class":127},[71,71669,90],{"class":89},[71,71671,8679],{"class":133},[71,71673,204],{"class":89},[71,71675,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,71677,128],{"class":127},[71,71679,90],{"class":89},[71,71681,8679],{"class":133},[71,71683,60],{"class":89},[71,71685,26360],{"class":133},[71,71687,7534],{"class":89},[71,71689,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,71691,128],{"class":127},[71,71693,90],{"class":89},[71,71695,8679],{"class":133},[71,71697,60],{"class":89},[71,71699,26360],{"class":133},[71,71701,90],{"class":89},[71,71703,2449],{"class":117},[71,71705,204],{"class":89},[71,71707,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,71709,128],{"class":127},[71,71711,90],{"class":89},[71,71713,735],{"class":85},[71,71715,90],{"class":89},[71,71717,35971],{"class":133},[71,71719,204],{"class":89},[20,71721,71722],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[40,71724,71725,71731],{},[43,71726,71727,71730],{},[15,71728,71729],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[43,71732,71733,71736],{},[15,71734,71735],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71738,71739,71740,71743],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71741,71742],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[288,71745,2163],{"id":2162},[350,71747,71749],{"id":71748},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71751,71752,71753,71755],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71754,12872],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[350,71757,71759],{"id":71758},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71761,71762,71764,71765,71767,71768,60],{},[15,71763,12872],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71766,55664],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71769,4110],{},[350,71771,71773],{"id":71772},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71775,71776,71777,71780],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71778,71779],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[350,71782,71784],{"id":71783},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71786,71787,71788,71790],{},"Python raises ",[15,71789,70869],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[288,71792,2221],{"id":2220},[40,71794,71795,71799,71804,71809,71814],{},[43,71796,71797],{},[56,71798,55650],{"href":55202},[43,71800,71801],{},[56,71802,71803],{"href":55207},"Python list remove() method",[43,71805,71806],{},[56,71807,71808],{"href":59101},"Python list index() method",[43,71810,71811],{},[56,71812,71813],{"href":51113},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[43,71815,71816],{},[56,71817,69397],{"href":69396},[2250,71819,71820],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":71822},[71823,71824,71825,71826,71827,71828,71829,71834,71840,71841,71847],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":69998,"depth":124,"text":69999},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":70308,"depth":124,"text":70309},{"id":70437,"depth":124,"text":70438},{"id":70708,"depth":124,"text":70709},{"id":70855,"depth":124,"text":70856,"children":71830},[71831,71832,71833],{"id":70859,"depth":139,"text":70860},{"id":70997,"depth":139,"text":70998},{"id":71180,"depth":139,"text":71181},{"id":71377,"depth":124,"text":71378,"children":71835},[71836,71838],{"id":71384,"depth":139,"text":71837},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71400,"depth":139,"text":71839},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":71842},[71843,71844,71845,71846],{"id":71748,"depth":139,"text":71749},{"id":71758,"depth":139,"text":71759},{"id":71772,"depth":139,"text":71773},{"id":71783,"depth":139,"text":71784},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69865,"description":71848},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71855,"title":71856,"body":71857,"description":73643,"extension":2292,"meta":73644,"navigation":142,"path":73645,"seo":73646,"stem":73647,"__hash__":73648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71858,"toc":73625},[71859,71862,71867,71873,71875,71945,71951,71955,71960,71981,71984,72051,72053,72074,72082,72084,72103,72119,72121,72186,72188,72213,72215,72217,72282,72284,72309,72311,72325,72328,72381,72383,72404,72408,72416,72489,72491,72524,72530,72536,72627,72629,72654,72660,72749,72751,72775,72777,72781,72836,72838,72870,72873,72876,72970,72972,73005,73011,73017,73021,73028,73054,73058,73123,73125,73150,73154,73235,73237,73266,73271,73276,73282,73286,73293,73315,73319,73378,73380,73404,73413,73418,73420,73424,73453,73455,73530,73533,73547,73553,73555,73559,73562,73566,73571,73575,73584,73588,73596,73598,73622],[10,71860,71856],{"id":71861},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71863,2309,71864,71866],{},[15,71865,55210],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71868,71869,71870,71872],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[30,71871,2804],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[288,71874,2334],{"id":2333},[62,71876,71878],{"className":64,"code":71877,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71879,71880,71912,71930,71940],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71881,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71883,1735],{"class":77},[71,71885,82],{"class":81},[71,71887,1740],{"class":89},[71,71889,3184],{"class":99},[71,71891,4414],{"class":103},[71,71893,3184],{"class":99},[71,71895,109],{"class":89},[71,71897,3683],{"class":99},[71,71899,4423],{"class":103},[71,71901,3184],{"class":99},[71,71903,109],{"class":89},[71,71905,3683],{"class":99},[71,71907,33343],{"class":103},[71,71909,3184],{"class":99},[71,71911,1757],{"class":89},[71,71913,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,71915,1770],{"class":77},[71,71917,60],{"class":89},[71,71919,34918],{"class":133},[71,71921,90],{"class":89},[71,71923,3184],{"class":99},[71,71925,4423],{"class":103},[71,71927,3184],{"class":99},[71,71929,121],{"class":89},[71,71931,71932,71934,71936,71938],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,71933,128],{"class":127},[71,71935,90],{"class":89},[71,71937,1770],{"class":133},[71,71939,121],{"class":89},[71,71941,71942],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,71943,71944],{"class":1439},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71946,283,71947,71950],{},[15,71948,71949],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[288,71952,71954],{"id":71953},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71956,71957,71959],{},[15,71958,55664],{}," is a list method that:",[40,71961,71962,71968,71973,71978],{},[43,71963,71964,71965,71967],{},"Deletes the ",[30,71966,30029],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[43,71969,71970,71971],{},"Changes the original list ",[30,71972,11440],{},[43,71974,12813,71975,71977],{},[30,71976,4967],{}," return a new list",[43,71979,71980],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71982,71983],{},"This is important for beginners:",[62,71985,71987],{"className":64,"code":71986,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71988,71989,72009,72027,72031,72041],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,71990,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,71992,3950],{"class":77},[71,71994,82],{"class":81},[71,71996,1740],{"class":89},[71,71998,3320],{"class":117},[71,72000,109],{"class":89},[71,72002,183],{"class":117},[71,72004,109],{"class":89},[71,72006,701],{"class":117},[71,72008,1757],{"class":89},[71,72010,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72012,1102],{"class":77},[71,72014,82],{"class":81},[71,72016,4599],{"class":77},[71,72018,60],{"class":89},[71,72020,34918],{"class":133},[71,72022,90],{"class":89},[71,72024,630],{"class":117},[71,72026,121],{"class":89},[71,72028,72029],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,72030,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,72032,72033,72035,72037,72039],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,72034,128],{"class":127},[71,72036,90],{"class":89},[71,72038,3980],{"class":133},[71,72040,121],{"class":89},[71,72042,72043,72045,72047,72049],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,72044,128],{"class":127},[71,72046,90],{"class":89},[71,72048,2594],{"class":133},[71,72050,121],{"class":89},[20,72052,209],{},[62,72054,72056],{"className":64,"code":72055,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72057,72058,72070],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72059,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72061,4234],{"class":89},[71,72063,3320],{"class":117},[71,72065,109],{"class":89},[71,72067,701],{"class":117},[71,72069,1757],{"class":89},[71,72071,72072],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72073,11916],{"class":4184},[20,72075,72076,72077,72079,72080,60],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72078,55664],{}," itself returned ",[15,72081,4110],{},[288,72083,5767],{"id":5766},[62,72085,72087],{"className":64,"code":72086,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72088,72089],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72090,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72092,8433],{"class":85},[71,72094,60],{"class":89},[71,72096,34918],{"class":133},[71,72098,90],{"class":89},[71,72100,2804],{"class":133},[71,72102,121],{"class":89},[40,72104,72105,72110,72113],{},[43,72106,72107,72109],{},[15,72108,2804],{}," is the item you want to delete",[43,72111,72112],{},"Python searches from left to right",[43,72114,72115,72116,72118],{},"Only the ",[30,72117,30029],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72120,2537],{},[62,72122,72124],{"className":64,"code":72123,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72125,72126,72158,72176],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72127,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72129,36216],{"class":77},[71,72131,82],{"class":81},[71,72133,1740],{"class":89},[71,72135,3184],{"class":99},[71,72137,56],{"class":103},[71,72139,3184],{"class":99},[71,72141,109],{"class":89},[71,72143,3683],{"class":99},[71,72145,176],{"class":103},[71,72147,3184],{"class":99},[71,72149,109],{"class":89},[71,72151,3683],{"class":99},[71,72153,694],{"class":103},[71,72155,3184],{"class":99},[71,72157,1757],{"class":89},[71,72159,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72161,36269],{"class":77},[71,72163,60],{"class":89},[71,72165,34918],{"class":133},[71,72167,90],{"class":89},[71,72169,3184],{"class":99},[71,72171,176],{"class":103},[71,72173,3184],{"class":99},[71,72175,121],{"class":89},[71,72177,72178,72180,72182,72184],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,72179,128],{"class":127},[71,72181,90],{"class":89},[71,72183,36269],{"class":133},[71,72185,121],{"class":89},[20,72187,209],{},[62,72189,72191],{"className":64,"code":72190,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72192,72193],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72194,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72196,4234],{"class":89},[71,72198,100],{"class":99},[71,72200,56],{"class":103},[71,72202,100],{"class":99},[71,72204,109],{"class":89},[71,72206,231],{"class":99},[71,72208,694],{"class":103},[71,72210,100],{"class":99},[71,72212,1757],{"class":89},[288,72214,6123],{"id":6122},[20,72216,65312],{},[62,72218,72220],{"className":64,"code":72219,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72221,72222,72254,72272],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72223,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72225,13186],{"class":77},[71,72227,82],{"class":81},[71,72229,1740],{"class":89},[71,72231,3184],{"class":99},[71,72233,13203],{"class":103},[71,72235,3184],{"class":99},[71,72237,109],{"class":89},[71,72239,3683],{"class":99},[71,72241,13220],{"class":103},[71,72243,3184],{"class":99},[71,72245,109],{"class":89},[71,72247,3683],{"class":99},[71,72249,17570],{"class":103},[71,72251,3184],{"class":99},[71,72253,1757],{"class":89},[71,72255,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72257,17617],{"class":77},[71,72259,60],{"class":89},[71,72261,34918],{"class":133},[71,72263,90],{"class":89},[71,72265,3184],{"class":99},[71,72267,13220],{"class":103},[71,72269,3184],{"class":99},[71,72271,121],{"class":89},[71,72273,72274,72276,72278,72280],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,72275,128],{"class":127},[71,72277,90],{"class":89},[71,72279,17617],{"class":133},[71,72281,121],{"class":89},[20,72283,209],{},[62,72285,72287],{"className":64,"code":72286,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72288,72289],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72290,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72292,4234],{"class":89},[71,72294,100],{"class":99},[71,72296,13203],{"class":103},[71,72298,100],{"class":99},[71,72300,109],{"class":89},[71,72302,231],{"class":99},[71,72304,17570],{"class":103},[71,72306,100],{"class":99},[71,72308,1757],{"class":89},[20,72310,11791],{},[40,72312,72313,72316,72322],{},[43,72314,72315],{},"A list is created with three values",[43,72317,72318,72321],{},[15,72319,72320],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[43,72323,72324],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72326,72327],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[62,72329,72331],{"className":64,"code":72330,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72332,72333,72357,72371],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72334,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72336,5400],{"class":77},[71,72338,82],{"class":81},[71,72340,1740],{"class":89},[71,72342,2661],{"class":117},[71,72344,109],{"class":89},[71,72346,8129],{"class":117},[71,72348,109],{"class":89},[71,72350,8134],{"class":117},[71,72352,109],{"class":89},[71,72354,50977],{"class":117},[71,72356,1757],{"class":89},[71,72358,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72360,16502],{"class":77},[71,72362,60],{"class":89},[71,72364,34918],{"class":133},[71,72366,90],{"class":89},[71,72368,36968],{"class":117},[71,72370,121],{"class":89},[71,72372,72373,72375,72377,72379],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,72374,128],{"class":127},[71,72376,90],{"class":89},[71,72378,16502],{"class":133},[71,72380,121],{"class":89},[20,72382,209],{},[62,72384,72386],{"className":64,"code":72385,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72387,72388],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72389,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72391,4234],{"class":89},[71,72393,2661],{"class":117},[71,72395,109],{"class":89},[71,72397,8129],{"class":117},[71,72399,109],{"class":89},[71,72401,50977],{"class":117},[71,72403,1757],{"class":89},[288,72405,72407],{"id":72406},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72409,65302,72410,72412,72413,72415],{},[15,72411,55664],{}," deletes only the ",[30,72414,30029],{}," one.",[62,72417,72419],{"className":64,"code":72418,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72420,72421,72461,72479],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72422,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72424,1735],{"class":77},[71,72426,82],{"class":81},[71,72428,1740],{"class":89},[71,72430,3184],{"class":99},[71,72432,4414],{"class":103},[71,72434,3184],{"class":99},[71,72436,109],{"class":89},[71,72438,3683],{"class":99},[71,72440,4423],{"class":103},[71,72442,3184],{"class":99},[71,72444,109],{"class":89},[71,72446,3683],{"class":99},[71,72448,4414],{"class":103},[71,72450,3184],{"class":99},[71,72452,109],{"class":89},[71,72454,3683],{"class":99},[71,72456,33343],{"class":103},[71,72458,3184],{"class":99},[71,72460,1757],{"class":89},[71,72462,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72464,1770],{"class":77},[71,72466,60],{"class":89},[71,72468,34918],{"class":133},[71,72470,90],{"class":89},[71,72472,3184],{"class":99},[71,72474,4414],{"class":103},[71,72476,3184],{"class":99},[71,72478,121],{"class":89},[71,72480,72481,72483,72485,72487],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,72482,128],{"class":127},[71,72484,90],{"class":89},[71,72486,1770],{"class":133},[71,72488,121],{"class":89},[20,72490,209],{},[62,72492,72494],{"className":64,"code":72493,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72495,72496],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72497,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72499,4234],{"class":89},[71,72501,100],{"class":99},[71,72503,4423],{"class":103},[71,72505,100],{"class":99},[71,72507,109],{"class":89},[71,72509,231],{"class":99},[71,72511,4414],{"class":103},[71,72513,100],{"class":99},[71,72515,109],{"class":89},[71,72517,231],{"class":99},[71,72519,33343],{"class":103},[71,72521,100],{"class":99},[71,72523,1757],{"class":89},[20,72525,72526,72527,72529],{},"Only the first ",[15,72528,57969],{}," was removed.",[20,72531,72532,72533,72535],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72534,55664],{}," again:",[62,72537,72539],{"className":64,"code":72538,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72540,72541,72581,72599,72617],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72542,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72544,1735],{"class":77},[71,72546,82],{"class":81},[71,72548,1740],{"class":89},[71,72550,3184],{"class":99},[71,72552,4414],{"class":103},[71,72554,3184],{"class":99},[71,72556,109],{"class":89},[71,72558,3683],{"class":99},[71,72560,4423],{"class":103},[71,72562,3184],{"class":99},[71,72564,109],{"class":89},[71,72566,3683],{"class":99},[71,72568,4414],{"class":103},[71,72570,3184],{"class":99},[71,72572,109],{"class":89},[71,72574,3683],{"class":99},[71,72576,33343],{"class":103},[71,72578,3184],{"class":99},[71,72580,1757],{"class":89},[71,72582,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72584,1770],{"class":77},[71,72586,60],{"class":89},[71,72588,34918],{"class":133},[71,72590,90],{"class":89},[71,72592,3184],{"class":99},[71,72594,4414],{"class":103},[71,72596,3184],{"class":99},[71,72598,121],{"class":89},[71,72600,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,72602,1770],{"class":77},[71,72604,60],{"class":89},[71,72606,34918],{"class":133},[71,72608,90],{"class":89},[71,72610,3184],{"class":99},[71,72612,4414],{"class":103},[71,72614,3184],{"class":99},[71,72616,121],{"class":89},[71,72618,72619,72621,72623,72625],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,72620,128],{"class":127},[71,72622,90],{"class":89},[71,72624,1770],{"class":133},[71,72626,121],{"class":89},[20,72628,209],{},[62,72630,72632],{"className":64,"code":72631,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72633,72634],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72635,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72637,4234],{"class":89},[71,72639,100],{"class":99},[71,72641,4423],{"class":103},[71,72643,100],{"class":99},[71,72645,109],{"class":89},[71,72647,231],{"class":99},[71,72649,33343],{"class":103},[71,72651,100],{"class":99},[71,72653,1757],{"class":89},[20,72655,72656,72657,72659],{},"If you need to remove ",[30,72658,4047],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[62,72661,72663],{"className":64,"code":72662,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72664,72665,72705,72739],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72666,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72668,1735],{"class":77},[71,72670,82],{"class":81},[71,72672,1740],{"class":89},[71,72674,3184],{"class":99},[71,72676,4414],{"class":103},[71,72678,3184],{"class":99},[71,72680,109],{"class":89},[71,72682,3683],{"class":99},[71,72684,4423],{"class":103},[71,72686,3184],{"class":99},[71,72688,109],{"class":89},[71,72690,3683],{"class":99},[71,72692,4414],{"class":103},[71,72694,3184],{"class":99},[71,72696,109],{"class":89},[71,72698,3683],{"class":99},[71,72700,33343],{"class":103},[71,72702,3184],{"class":99},[71,72704,1757],{"class":89},[71,72706,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72724,72726,72728,72731,72733,72735,72737],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72708,1735],{"class":77},[71,72710,82],{"class":81},[71,72712,1740],{"class":89},[71,72714,28658],{"class":77},[71,72716,6294],{"class":4209},[71,72718,6297],{"class":77},[71,72720,4216],{"class":4209},[71,72722,72723],{"class":77}," items ",[71,72725,7337],{"class":4209},[71,72727,6297],{"class":77},[71,72729,72730],{"class":81},"!=",[71,72732,3683],{"class":99},[71,72734,4414],{"class":103},[71,72736,3184],{"class":99},[71,72738,1757],{"class":89},[71,72740,72741,72743,72745,72747],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,72742,128],{"class":127},[71,72744,90],{"class":89},[71,72746,1770],{"class":133},[71,72748,121],{"class":89},[20,72750,209],{},[62,72752,72753],{"className":64,"code":72631,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,72754,72755],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72756,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72758,4234],{"class":89},[71,72760,100],{"class":99},[71,72762,4423],{"class":103},[71,72764,100],{"class":99},[71,72766,109],{"class":89},[71,72768,231],{"class":99},[71,72770,33343],{"class":103},[71,72772,100],{"class":99},[71,72774,1757],{"class":89},[288,72776,65768],{"id":65767},[20,72778,65771,72779,60],{},[15,72780,40833],{},[62,72782,72784],{"className":64,"code":72783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72785,72786,72818],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72787,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72789,1735],{"class":77},[71,72791,82],{"class":81},[71,72793,1740],{"class":89},[71,72795,3184],{"class":99},[71,72797,4414],{"class":103},[71,72799,3184],{"class":99},[71,72801,109],{"class":89},[71,72803,3683],{"class":99},[71,72805,4423],{"class":103},[71,72807,3184],{"class":99},[71,72809,109],{"class":89},[71,72811,3683],{"class":99},[71,72813,33343],{"class":103},[71,72815,3184],{"class":99},[71,72817,1757],{"class":89},[71,72819,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72821,1770],{"class":77},[71,72823,60],{"class":89},[71,72825,34918],{"class":133},[71,72827,90],{"class":89},[71,72829,3184],{"class":99},[71,72831,22650],{"class":103},[71,72833,3184],{"class":99},[71,72835,121],{"class":89},[20,72837,209],{},[62,72839,72841],{"className":64,"code":72840,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72842,72843],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72844,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72846,40833],{"class":85},[71,72848,228],{"class":89},[71,72850,22677],{"class":85},[71,72852,60],{"class":89},[71,72854,34918],{"class":133},[71,72856,90],{"class":89},[71,72858,1986],{"class":133},[71,72860,16565],{"class":89},[71,72862,4213],{"class":77},[71,72864,4967],{"class":81},[71,72866,21290],{"class":81},[71,72868,72869],{"class":85}," list\n",[20,72871,72872],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72874,72875],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[62,72877,72879],{"className":64,"code":72878,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72880,72881,72913,72925,72929,72941,72956,72960],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72882,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72884,1735],{"class":77},[71,72886,82],{"class":81},[71,72888,1740],{"class":89},[71,72890,3184],{"class":99},[71,72892,4414],{"class":103},[71,72894,3184],{"class":99},[71,72896,109],{"class":89},[71,72898,3683],{"class":99},[71,72900,4423],{"class":103},[71,72902,3184],{"class":99},[71,72904,109],{"class":89},[71,72906,3683],{"class":99},[71,72908,33343],{"class":103},[71,72910,3184],{"class":99},[71,72912,1757],{"class":89},[71,72914,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,72916,2778],{"class":77},[71,72918,82],{"class":81},[71,72920,3683],{"class":99},[71,72922,22650],{"class":103},[71,72924,3689],{"class":99},[71,72926,72927],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,72928,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,72930,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,72932,7337],{"class":4209},[71,72934,21701],{"class":77},[71,72936,4216],{"class":81},[71,72938,6302],{"class":77},[71,72940,6731],{"class":89},[71,72942,72943,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,72944,72945],{"class":77},"    items",[71,72947,60],{"class":89},[71,72949,34918],{"class":133},[71,72951,90],{"class":89},[71,72953,2804],{"class":133},[71,72955,121],{"class":89},[71,72957,72958],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,72959,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,72961,72962,72964,72966,72968],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,72963,128],{"class":127},[71,72965,90],{"class":89},[71,72967,1770],{"class":133},[71,72969,121],{"class":89},[20,72971,209],{},[62,72973,72975],{"className":64,"code":72974,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72976,72977],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72978,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,72980,4234],{"class":89},[71,72982,100],{"class":99},[71,72984,4414],{"class":103},[71,72986,100],{"class":99},[71,72988,109],{"class":89},[71,72990,231],{"class":99},[71,72992,4423],{"class":103},[71,72994,100],{"class":99},[71,72996,109],{"class":89},[71,72998,231],{"class":99},[71,73000,33343],{"class":103},[71,73002,100],{"class":99},[71,73004,1757],{"class":89},[20,73006,73007,73008,73010],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73009,55664],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73012,73013,73014,60],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[56,73015,65977],{"href":73016},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[288,73018,73020],{"id":73019},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73022,73023,1560,73025,73027],{},[15,73024,55664],{},[15,73026,12872],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[40,73029,73030,73037,73043,73049],{},[43,73031,73032,73034,73035],{},[15,73033,55664],{}," deletes by ",[30,73036,2804],{},[43,73038,73039,73034,73041],{},[15,73040,12872],{},[30,73042,35971],{},[43,73044,73045,2728,73047],{},[15,73046,55664],{},[15,73048,4110],{},[43,73050,73051,73053],{},[15,73052,12872],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73055,46172,73056,228],{},[15,73057,55664],{},[62,73059,73061],{"className":64,"code":73060,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73062,73063,73095,73113],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73064,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73066,1735],{"class":77},[71,73068,82],{"class":81},[71,73070,1740],{"class":89},[71,73072,3184],{"class":99},[71,73074,4414],{"class":103},[71,73076,3184],{"class":99},[71,73078,109],{"class":89},[71,73080,3683],{"class":99},[71,73082,4423],{"class":103},[71,73084,3184],{"class":99},[71,73086,109],{"class":89},[71,73088,3683],{"class":99},[71,73090,33343],{"class":103},[71,73092,3184],{"class":99},[71,73094,1757],{"class":89},[71,73096,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,73098,1770],{"class":77},[71,73100,60],{"class":89},[71,73102,34918],{"class":133},[71,73104,90],{"class":89},[71,73106,3184],{"class":99},[71,73108,4423],{"class":103},[71,73110,3184],{"class":99},[71,73112,121],{"class":89},[71,73114,73115,73117,73119,73121],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,73116,128],{"class":127},[71,73118,90],{"class":89},[71,73120,1770],{"class":133},[71,73122,121],{"class":89},[20,73124,209],{},[62,73126,73128],{"className":64,"code":73127,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73129,73130],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73131,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73133,4234],{"class":89},[71,73135,100],{"class":99},[71,73137,4414],{"class":103},[71,73139,100],{"class":99},[71,73141,109],{"class":89},[71,73143,231],{"class":99},[71,73145,33343],{"class":103},[71,73147,100],{"class":99},[71,73149,1757],{"class":89},[20,73151,46172,73152,228],{},[15,73153,12872],{},[62,73155,73157],{"className":64,"code":73156,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73158,73159,73191,73210,73214,73224],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73160,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73162,1735],{"class":77},[71,73164,82],{"class":81},[71,73166,1740],{"class":89},[71,73168,3184],{"class":99},[71,73170,4414],{"class":103},[71,73172,3184],{"class":99},[71,73174,109],{"class":89},[71,73176,3683],{"class":99},[71,73178,4423],{"class":103},[71,73180,3184],{"class":99},[71,73182,109],{"class":89},[71,73184,3683],{"class":99},[71,73186,33343],{"class":103},[71,73188,3184],{"class":99},[71,73190,1757],{"class":89},[71,73192,73193,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204,73206,73208],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,73194,73195],{"class":77},"removed_item ",[71,73197,82],{"class":81},[71,73199,6302],{"class":77},[71,73201,60],{"class":89},[71,73203,26360],{"class":133},[71,73205,90],{"class":89},[71,73207,3320],{"class":117},[71,73209,121],{"class":89},[71,73211,73212],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,73213,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,73215,73216,73218,73220,73222],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,73217,128],{"class":127},[71,73219,90],{"class":89},[71,73221,1770],{"class":133},[71,73223,121],{"class":89},[71,73225,73226,73228,73230,73233],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,73227,128],{"class":127},[71,73229,90],{"class":89},[71,73231,73232],{"class":133},"removed_item",[71,73234,121],{"class":89},[20,73236,209],{},[62,73238,73240],{"className":64,"code":73239,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73241,73242,73262],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73243,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73245,4234],{"class":89},[71,73247,100],{"class":99},[71,73249,4414],{"class":103},[71,73251,100],{"class":99},[71,73253,109],{"class":89},[71,73255,231],{"class":99},[71,73257,33343],{"class":103},[71,73259,100],{"class":99},[71,73261,1757],{"class":89},[71,73263,73264],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,73265,70544],{"class":77},[20,73267,283,73268,73270],{},[15,73269,55664],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73272,283,73273,73275],{},[15,73274,12872],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73277,73278,73279,60],{},"For more detail, see the ",[56,73280,73281],{"href":55214},"Python list pop() method",[288,73283,73285],{"id":73284},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73287,73288,1560,73290,73292],{},[15,73289,55664],{},[15,73291,27144],{}," are also different.",[40,73294,73295,73300,73305,73310],{},[43,73296,73297,73299],{},[15,73298,55664],{}," deletes by matching value",[43,73301,73302,73304],{},[15,73303,27144],{}," deletes by index or slice",[43,73306,283,73307,73309],{},[15,73308,27144],{}," when you know the position",[43,73311,283,73312,73314],{},[15,73313,55664],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73316,46172,73317,228],{},[15,73318,27144],{},[62,73320,73322],{"className":64,"code":73321,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73323,73324,73356,73368],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73325,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73327,1735],{"class":77},[71,73329,82],{"class":81},[71,73331,1740],{"class":89},[71,73333,3184],{"class":99},[71,73335,4414],{"class":103},[71,73337,3184],{"class":99},[71,73339,109],{"class":89},[71,73341,3683],{"class":99},[71,73343,4423],{"class":103},[71,73345,3184],{"class":99},[71,73347,109],{"class":89},[71,73349,3683],{"class":99},[71,73351,33343],{"class":103},[71,73353,3184],{"class":99},[71,73355,1757],{"class":89},[71,73357,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,73359,27144],{"class":4209},[71,73361,6302],{"class":77},[71,73363,4234],{"class":89},[71,73365,3320],{"class":117},[71,73367,1757],{"class":89},[71,73369,73370,73372,73374,73376],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,73371,128],{"class":127},[71,73373,90],{"class":89},[71,73375,1770],{"class":133},[71,73377,121],{"class":89},[20,73379,209],{},[62,73381,73382],{"className":64,"code":73127,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,73383,73384],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73385,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73387,4234],{"class":89},[71,73389,100],{"class":99},[71,73391,4414],{"class":103},[71,73393,100],{"class":99},[71,73395,109],{"class":89},[71,73397,231],{"class":99},[71,73399,33343],{"class":103},[71,73401,100],{"class":99},[71,73403,1757],{"class":89},[20,73405,73406,73407,73409,73410,73412],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73408,3320],{},", not the value ",[15,73411,65412],{}," directly.",[20,73414,73415,73416,60],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[56,73417,55203],{"href":55202},[288,73419,2054],{"id":2053},[20,73421,21328,73422,228],{},[15,73423,55664],{},[40,73425,73426,73429,73434,73441,73450],{},[43,73427,73428],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[43,73430,8794,73431,73433],{},[15,73432,55664],{}," to delete all matching values",[43,73435,12703,73436,73438,73439],{},[15,73437,55664],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73440,4110],{},[43,73442,8758,73443,44761,73445,3209,73447,73449],{},[15,73444,55664],{},[15,73446,12872],{},[15,73448,27144],{}," would be a better fit",[43,73451,73452],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73454,71644],{},[62,73456,73458],{"className":64,"code":73457,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73459,73460,73470,73484,73502,73516],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73461,73462,73464,73466,73468],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73463,128],{"class":127},[71,73465,90],{"class":89},[71,73467,8679],{"class":133},[71,73469,121],{"class":89},[71,73471,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,73473,128],{"class":127},[71,73475,90],{"class":89},[71,73477,2778],{"class":133},[71,73479,4216],{"class":4209},[71,73481,8736],{"class":133},[71,73483,121],{"class":89},[71,73485,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,73487,128],{"class":127},[71,73489,90],{"class":89},[71,73491,8679],{"class":133},[71,73493,60],{"class":89},[71,73495,41389],{"class":133},[71,73497,90],{"class":89},[71,73499,2804],{"class":133},[71,73501,204],{"class":89},[71,73503,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,73505,128],{"class":127},[71,73507,90],{"class":89},[71,73509,735],{"class":85},[71,73511,90],{"class":89},[71,73513,8679],{"class":133},[71,73515,204],{"class":89},[71,73517,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,73519,32274],{"class":127},[71,73521,90],{"class":89},[71,73523,8433],{"class":85},[71,73525,60],{"class":89},[71,73527,34918],{"class":24868},[71,73529,121],{"class":89},[20,73531,73532],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[40,73534,73535,73538,73541,73544],{},[43,73536,73537],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[43,73539,73540],{},"How many times does it appear?",[43,73542,73543],{},"Am I working with a list?",[43,73545,73546],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73548,73549,73550,73552],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[56,73551,71808],{"href":59101}," may also help.",[288,73554,2163],{"id":2162},[350,73556,73558],{"id":73557},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73560,73561],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[350,73563,73565],{"id":73564},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73567,5485,73568,73570],{},[15,73569,4110],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[350,73572,73574],{"id":73573},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73576,73577,73578,73581,73582,60],{},"Check with ",[15,73579,73580],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73583,55664],{},[350,73585,73587],{"id":73586},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73589,283,73590,73592,73593,73595],{},[15,73591,55664],{}," for a value and ",[15,73594,12872],{}," for an index.",[288,73597,2221],{"id":2220},[40,73599,73600,73604,73608,73612,73616],{},[43,73601,73602],{},[56,73603,55650],{"href":55202},[43,73605,73606],{},[56,73607,73281],{"href":55214},[43,73609,73610],{},[56,73611,71808],{"href":59101},[43,73613,73614],{},[56,73615,65977],{"href":73016},[43,73617,73618],{},[56,73619,73621],{"href":73620},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2250,73623,73624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":73626},[73627,73628,73629,73630,73631,73632,73633,73634,73635,73636,73642],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":71953,"depth":124,"text":71954},{"id":5766,"depth":124,"text":5767},{"id":6122,"depth":124,"text":6123},{"id":72406,"depth":124,"text":72407},{"id":65767,"depth":124,"text":65768},{"id":73019,"depth":124,"text":73020},{"id":73284,"depth":124,"text":73285},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":73637},[73638,73639,73640,73641],{"id":73557,"depth":139,"text":73558},{"id":73564,"depth":139,"text":73565},{"id":73573,"depth":139,"text":73574},{"id":73586,"depth":139,"text":73587},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71856,"description":73643},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73650,"title":73651,"body":73652,"description":75543,"extension":2292,"meta":75544,"navigation":142,"path":75545,"seo":75546,"stem":75547,"__hash__":75548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73653,"toc":75513},[73654,73660,73666,73669,73680,73682,73731,73736,73741,73745,73760,73762,73827,73829,73870,73872,73874,73889,73891,73902,73904,73961,73963,73996,73998,74001,74050,74052,74077,74079,74095,74101,74108,74169,74171,74204,74209,74212,74292,74294,74355,74361,74365,74368,74432,74434,74459,74461,74481,74483,74532,74534,74555,74564,74567,74571,74576,74621,74623,74644,74650,74655,74663,74727,74729,74766,74772,74776,74783,74848,74850,74887,74891,74908,74918,74923,74928,74939,74946,74948,74954,74977,74980,75007,75012,75015,75116,75118,75173,75176,75283,75285,75356,75359,75385,75387,75392,75396,75404,75409,75414,75420,75425,75429,75432,75449,75452,75472,75480,75482,75510],[10,73655,54477,73657,11428],{"id":73656},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73658,73659],{},"reverse()",[20,73661,73662,73665],{},[15,73663,73664],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73667,73668],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73670,73671,73672,73674,73675,73679],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73673,73659],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[56,73676,73678],{"href":73677},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[288,73681,3940],{"id":3939},[62,73683,73685],{"className":64,"code":73684,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73686,73687,73707,73718],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73688,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701,73703,73705],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73690,3950],{"class":77},[71,73692,82],{"class":81},[71,73694,1740],{"class":89},[71,73696,3320],{"class":117},[71,73698,109],{"class":89},[71,73700,183],{"class":117},[71,73702,109],{"class":89},[71,73704,701],{"class":117},[71,73706,1757],{"class":89},[71,73708,73709,73711,73713,73716],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,73710,3980],{"class":77},[71,73712,60],{"class":89},[71,73714,73715],{"class":133},"reverse",[71,73717,369],{"class":89},[71,73719,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,73721,128],{"class":127},[71,73723,90],{"class":89},[71,73725,3980],{"class":133},[71,73727,3993],{"class":89},[71,73729,73730],{"class":1439},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73732,73733,73735],{},[15,73734,73659],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[288,73737,291,73739,294],{"id":73738},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73740,73664],{},[20,73742,73743,228],{},[15,73744,73664],{},[40,73746,73747,73750,73753,73757],{},[43,73748,73749],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[43,73751,73752],{},"Changes the original list directly",[43,73754,11530,73755],{},[15,73756,4110],{},[43,73758,73759],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73761,2537],{},[62,73763,73765],{"className":64,"code":73764,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73766,73767,73807,73817],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73768,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73770,36216],{"class":77},[71,73772,82],{"class":81},[71,73774,1740],{"class":89},[71,73776,3184],{"class":99},[71,73778,56],{"class":103},[71,73780,3184],{"class":99},[71,73782,109],{"class":89},[71,73784,3683],{"class":99},[71,73786,176],{"class":103},[71,73788,3184],{"class":99},[71,73790,109],{"class":89},[71,73792,3683],{"class":99},[71,73794,694],{"class":103},[71,73796,3184],{"class":99},[71,73798,109],{"class":89},[71,73800,3683],{"class":99},[71,73802,18883],{"class":103},[71,73804,3184],{"class":99},[71,73806,1757],{"class":89},[71,73808,73809,73811,73813,73815],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,73810,36269],{"class":77},[71,73812,60],{"class":89},[71,73814,73715],{"class":133},[71,73816,369],{"class":89},[71,73818,73819,73821,73823,73825],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,73820,128],{"class":127},[71,73822,90],{"class":89},[71,73824,36269],{"class":133},[71,73826,121],{"class":89},[20,73828,209],{},[62,73830,73832],{"className":64,"code":73831,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73833,73834],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73835,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73837,4234],{"class":89},[71,73839,100],{"class":99},[71,73841,18883],{"class":103},[71,73843,100],{"class":99},[71,73845,109],{"class":89},[71,73847,231],{"class":99},[71,73849,694],{"class":103},[71,73851,100],{"class":99},[71,73853,109],{"class":89},[71,73855,231],{"class":99},[71,73857,176],{"class":103},[71,73859,100],{"class":99},[71,73861,109],{"class":89},[71,73863,231],{"class":99},[71,73865,56],{"class":103},[71,73867,100],{"class":99},[71,73869,1757],{"class":89},[288,73871,343],{"id":342},[20,73873,2489],{},[62,73875,73877],{"className":64,"code":73876,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73878,73879],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73880,73881,73883,73885,73887],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73882,8679],{"class":77},[71,73884,60],{"class":89},[71,73886,73715],{"class":133},[71,73888,369],{"class":89},[20,73890,13162],{},[40,73892,73893,73896,73899],{},[43,73894,73895],{},"No arguments are needed",[43,73897,73898],{},"You call it on an existing list",[43,73900,73901],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73903,2537],{},[62,73905,73907],{"className":64,"code":73906,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73908,73909,73941,73951],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73910,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73912,13186],{"class":77},[71,73914,82],{"class":81},[71,73916,1740],{"class":89},[71,73918,3184],{"class":99},[71,73920,13203],{"class":103},[71,73922,3184],{"class":99},[71,73924,109],{"class":89},[71,73926,3683],{"class":99},[71,73928,17570],{"class":103},[71,73930,3184],{"class":99},[71,73932,109],{"class":89},[71,73934,3683],{"class":99},[71,73936,13220],{"class":103},[71,73938,3184],{"class":99},[71,73940,1757],{"class":89},[71,73942,73943,73945,73947,73949],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,73944,17617],{"class":77},[71,73946,60],{"class":89},[71,73948,73715],{"class":133},[71,73950,369],{"class":89},[71,73952,73953,73955,73957,73959],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,73954,128],{"class":127},[71,73956,90],{"class":89},[71,73958,17617],{"class":133},[71,73960,121],{"class":89},[20,73962,209],{},[62,73964,73966],{"className":64,"code":73965,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73967,73968],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,73969,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,73971,4234],{"class":89},[71,73973,100],{"class":99},[71,73975,13220],{"class":103},[71,73977,100],{"class":99},[71,73979,109],{"class":89},[71,73981,231],{"class":99},[71,73983,17570],{"class":103},[71,73985,100],{"class":99},[71,73987,109],{"class":89},[71,73989,231],{"class":99},[71,73991,13203],{"class":103},[71,73993,100],{"class":99},[71,73995,1757],{"class":89},[288,73997,11582],{"id":11581},[20,73999,74000],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[62,74002,74004],{"className":64,"code":74003,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74005,74006,74030,74040],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74007,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74009,3950],{"class":77},[71,74011,82],{"class":81},[71,74013,1740],{"class":89},[71,74015,2661],{"class":117},[71,74017,109],{"class":89},[71,74019,8129],{"class":117},[71,74021,109],{"class":89},[71,74023,8134],{"class":117},[71,74025,109],{"class":89},[71,74027,50977],{"class":117},[71,74029,1757],{"class":89},[71,74031,74032,74034,74036,74038],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74033,3980],{"class":77},[71,74035,60],{"class":89},[71,74037,73715],{"class":133},[71,74039,369],{"class":89},[71,74041,74042,74044,74046,74048],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,74043,128],{"class":127},[71,74045,90],{"class":89},[71,74047,3980],{"class":133},[71,74049,121],{"class":89},[20,74051,209],{},[62,74053,74055],{"className":64,"code":74054,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74056,74057],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74058,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74060,4234],{"class":89},[71,74062,56828],{"class":117},[71,74064,109],{"class":89},[71,74066,8134],{"class":117},[71,74068,109],{"class":89},[71,74070,8129],{"class":117},[71,74072,109],{"class":89},[71,74074,6341],{"class":117},[71,74076,1757],{"class":89},[20,74078,11791],{},[40,74080,74081,74087,74092],{},[43,74082,74083,74084],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74085,74086],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[43,74088,74089,74091],{},[15,74090,73659],{}," flips the order",[43,74093,74094],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[288,74096,74098,74100],{"id":74097},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74099,73659],{}," changes the original list",[20,74102,74103,74104,74107],{},"This method is ",[30,74105,74106],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[62,74109,74111],{"className":64,"code":74110,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74112,74113,74145,74155,74159],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74114,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74116,36365],{"class":77},[71,74118,82],{"class":81},[71,74120,1740],{"class":89},[71,74122,3184],{"class":99},[71,74124,4414],{"class":103},[71,74126,3184],{"class":99},[71,74128,109],{"class":89},[71,74130,3683],{"class":99},[71,74132,4423],{"class":103},[71,74134,3184],{"class":99},[71,74136,109],{"class":89},[71,74138,3683],{"class":99},[71,74140,4432],{"class":103},[71,74142,3184],{"class":99},[71,74144,1757],{"class":89},[71,74146,74147,74149,74151,74153],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74148,36417],{"class":77},[71,74150,60],{"class":89},[71,74152,73715],{"class":133},[71,74154,369],{"class":89},[71,74156,74157],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,74158,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,74160,74161,74163,74165,74167],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,74162,128],{"class":127},[71,74164,90],{"class":89},[71,74166,36417],{"class":133},[71,74168,121],{"class":89},[20,74170,209],{},[62,74172,74174],{"className":64,"code":74173,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74175,74176],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74177,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74179,4234],{"class":89},[71,74181,100],{"class":99},[71,74183,4432],{"class":103},[71,74185,100],{"class":99},[71,74187,109],{"class":89},[71,74189,231],{"class":99},[71,74191,4423],{"class":103},[71,74193,100],{"class":99},[71,74195,109],{"class":89},[71,74197,231],{"class":99},[71,74199,4414],{"class":103},[71,74201,100],{"class":99},[71,74203,1757],{"class":89},[20,74205,283,74206,74208],{},[15,74207,73659],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74210,74211],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[62,74213,74215],{"className":64,"code":74214,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74216,74217,74249,74267,74271,74281],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74218,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74220,36365],{"class":77},[71,74222,82],{"class":81},[71,74224,1740],{"class":89},[71,74226,3184],{"class":99},[71,74228,4414],{"class":103},[71,74230,3184],{"class":99},[71,74232,109],{"class":89},[71,74234,3683],{"class":99},[71,74236,4423],{"class":103},[71,74238,3184],{"class":99},[71,74240,109],{"class":89},[71,74242,3683],{"class":99},[71,74244,4432],{"class":103},[71,74246,3184],{"class":99},[71,74248,1757],{"class":89},[71,74250,74251,74254,74256,74258,74261,74263,74265],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74252,74253],{"class":77},"reversed_fruits ",[71,74255,82],{"class":81},[71,74257,52986],{"class":77},[71,74259,74260],{"class":89},"[::",[71,74262,2353],{"class":81},[71,74264,3320],{"class":117},[71,74266,1757],{"class":89},[71,74268,74269],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,74270,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,74272,74273,74275,74277,74279],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,74274,128],{"class":127},[71,74276,90],{"class":89},[71,74278,36417],{"class":133},[71,74280,121],{"class":89},[71,74282,74283,74285,74287,74290],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,74284,128],{"class":127},[71,74286,90],{"class":89},[71,74288,74289],{"class":133},"reversed_fruits",[71,74291,121],{"class":89},[20,74293,209],{},[62,74295,74297],{"className":64,"code":74296,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74298,74299,74327],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74300,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74302,4234],{"class":89},[71,74304,100],{"class":99},[71,74306,4414],{"class":103},[71,74308,100],{"class":99},[71,74310,109],{"class":89},[71,74312,231],{"class":99},[71,74314,4423],{"class":103},[71,74316,100],{"class":99},[71,74318,109],{"class":89},[71,74320,231],{"class":99},[71,74322,4432],{"class":103},[71,74324,100],{"class":99},[71,74326,1757],{"class":89},[71,74328,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351,74353],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74330,4234],{"class":89},[71,74332,100],{"class":99},[71,74334,4432],{"class":103},[71,74336,100],{"class":99},[71,74338,109],{"class":89},[71,74340,231],{"class":99},[71,74342,4423],{"class":103},[71,74344,100],{"class":99},[71,74346,109],{"class":89},[71,74348,231],{"class":99},[71,74350,4414],{"class":103},[71,74352,100],{"class":99},[71,74354,1757],{"class":89},[20,74356,74357,74358,60],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[56,74359,74360],{"href":73677},"Python list slicing explained",[288,74362,74364],{"id":74363},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74366,74367],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[62,74369,74371],{"className":64,"code":74370,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74372,74373,74393,74407,74411,74422],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74374,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74376,3950],{"class":77},[71,74378,82],{"class":81},[71,74380,1740],{"class":89},[71,74382,3320],{"class":117},[71,74384,109],{"class":89},[71,74386,183],{"class":117},[71,74388,109],{"class":89},[71,74390,701],{"class":117},[71,74392,1757],{"class":89},[71,74394,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74396,56025],{"class":77},[71,74398,82],{"class":81},[71,74400,4599],{"class":77},[71,74402,60],{"class":89},[71,74404,73715],{"class":133},[71,74406,369],{"class":89},[71,74408,74409],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,74410,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,74412,74413,74415,74417,74420],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,74414,128],{"class":127},[71,74416,90],{"class":89},[71,74418,74419],{"class":133},"new_list",[71,74421,121],{"class":89},[71,74423,74424,74426,74428,74430],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,74425,128],{"class":127},[71,74427,90],{"class":89},[71,74429,3980],{"class":133},[71,74431,121],{"class":89},[20,74433,209],{},[62,74435,74437],{"className":64,"code":74436,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74438,74439,74443],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74440,74441],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74442,11916],{"class":4184},[71,74444,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74446,4234],{"class":89},[71,74448,640],{"class":117},[71,74450,109],{"class":89},[71,74452,183],{"class":117},[71,74454,109],{"class":89},[71,74456,165],{"class":117},[71,74458,1757],{"class":89},[20,74460,12008],{},[40,74462,74463,74471,74475],{},[43,74464,74465,74467,74468,74470],{},[15,74466,73659],{}," changes ",[15,74469,3980],{}," directly",[43,74472,41035,74473,71977],{},[30,74474,4967],{},[43,74476,53788,74477,42285,74479],{},[15,74478,74419],{},[15,74480,4110],{},[20,74482,62035],{},[62,74484,74486],{"className":64,"code":74485,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74487,74488,74508,74518,74522],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74489,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502,74504,74506],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74491,3950],{"class":77},[71,74493,82],{"class":81},[71,74495,1740],{"class":89},[71,74497,3320],{"class":117},[71,74499,109],{"class":89},[71,74501,183],{"class":117},[71,74503,109],{"class":89},[71,74505,701],{"class":117},[71,74507,1757],{"class":89},[71,74509,74510,74512,74514,74516],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74511,3980],{"class":77},[71,74513,60],{"class":89},[71,74515,73715],{"class":133},[71,74517,369],{"class":89},[71,74519,74520],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,74521,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,74523,74524,74526,74528,74530],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,74525,128],{"class":127},[71,74527,90],{"class":89},[71,74529,3980],{"class":133},[71,74531,121],{"class":89},[20,74533,209],{},[62,74535,74537],{"className":64,"code":74536,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74538,74539],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74540,74541,74543,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74542,4234],{"class":89},[71,74544,640],{"class":117},[71,74546,109],{"class":89},[71,74548,183],{"class":117},[71,74550,109],{"class":89},[71,74552,165],{"class":117},[71,74554,1757],{"class":89},[288,74556,74558,1552,74560,74563],{"id":74557},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74559,73659],{},[15,74561,74562],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74565,74566],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[350,74568,74569],{"id":73715},[15,74570,73659],{},[20,74572,74573,74575],{},[15,74574,73659],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[62,74577,74579],{"className":64,"code":74578,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74580,74581,74601,74611],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74582,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74584,3950],{"class":77},[71,74586,82],{"class":81},[71,74588,1740],{"class":89},[71,74590,640],{"class":117},[71,74592,109],{"class":89},[71,74594,165],{"class":117},[71,74596,109],{"class":89},[71,74598,183],{"class":117},[71,74600,1757],{"class":89},[71,74602,74603,74605,74607,74609],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74604,3980],{"class":77},[71,74606,60],{"class":89},[71,74608,73715],{"class":133},[71,74610,369],{"class":89},[71,74612,74613,74615,74617,74619],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,74614,128],{"class":127},[71,74616,90],{"class":89},[71,74618,3980],{"class":133},[71,74620,121],{"class":89},[20,74622,209],{},[62,74624,74626],{"className":64,"code":74625,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74627,74628],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74629,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74631,4234],{"class":89},[71,74633,630],{"class":117},[71,74635,109],{"class":89},[71,74637,165],{"class":117},[71,74639,109],{"class":89},[71,74641,701],{"class":117},[71,74643,1757],{"class":89},[20,74645,74646,74647,74649],{},"Notice that this is ",[30,74648,4967],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[350,74651,74653],{"id":74652},"sorted",[15,74654,74562],{},[20,74656,74657,74662],{},[56,74658,74660],{"href":74659},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74661,74562],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[62,74664,74666],{"className":64,"code":74665,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74667,74668,74688,74703,74707,74717],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74669,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680,74682,74684,74686],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74671,3950],{"class":77},[71,74673,82],{"class":81},[71,74675,1740],{"class":89},[71,74677,640],{"class":117},[71,74679,109],{"class":89},[71,74681,165],{"class":117},[71,74683,109],{"class":89},[71,74685,183],{"class":117},[71,74687,1757],{"class":89},[71,74689,74690,74692,74694,74697,74699,74701],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74691,1102],{"class":77},[71,74693,82],{"class":81},[71,74695,74696],{"class":127}," sorted",[71,74698,90],{"class":89},[71,74700,3980],{"class":133},[71,74702,121],{"class":89},[71,74704,74705],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,74706,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,74708,74709,74711,74713,74715],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,74710,128],{"class":127},[71,74712,90],{"class":89},[71,74714,3980],{"class":133},[71,74716,121],{"class":89},[71,74718,74719,74721,74723,74725],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,74720,128],{"class":127},[71,74722,90],{"class":89},[71,74724,2594],{"class":133},[71,74726,121],{"class":89},[20,74728,209],{},[62,74730,74732],{"className":64,"code":74731,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74733,74734,74750],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74735,74736,74738,74740,74742,74744,74746,74748],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74737,4234],{"class":89},[71,74739,640],{"class":117},[71,74741,109],{"class":89},[71,74743,165],{"class":117},[71,74745,109],{"class":89},[71,74747,183],{"class":117},[71,74749,1757],{"class":89},[71,74751,74752,74754,74756,74758,74760,74762,74764],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74753,4234],{"class":89},[71,74755,3320],{"class":117},[71,74757,109],{"class":89},[71,74759,183],{"class":117},[71,74761,109],{"class":89},[71,74763,701],{"class":117},[71,74765,1757],{"class":89},[20,74767,74768,74769,60],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74770,74771],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[350,74773,74775],{"id":74774},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74777,74778,74779,74782],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74780,74781],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[62,74784,74786],{"className":64,"code":74785,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74787,74788,74808,74824,74828,74838],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74789,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74791,3950],{"class":77},[71,74793,82],{"class":81},[71,74795,1740],{"class":89},[71,74797,640],{"class":117},[71,74799,109],{"class":89},[71,74801,165],{"class":117},[71,74803,109],{"class":89},[71,74805,183],{"class":117},[71,74807,1757],{"class":89},[71,74809,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820,74822],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74811,1102],{"class":77},[71,74813,82],{"class":81},[71,74815,4599],{"class":77},[71,74817,74260],{"class":89},[71,74819,2353],{"class":81},[71,74821,3320],{"class":117},[71,74823,1757],{"class":89},[71,74825,74826],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,74827,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,74829,74830,74832,74834,74836],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,74831,128],{"class":127},[71,74833,90],{"class":89},[71,74835,3980],{"class":133},[71,74837,121],{"class":89},[71,74839,74840,74842,74844,74846],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,74841,128],{"class":127},[71,74843,90],{"class":89},[71,74845,2594],{"class":133},[71,74847,121],{"class":89},[20,74849,209],{},[62,74851,74853],{"className":64,"code":74852,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74854,74855,74871],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74856,74857,74859,74861,74863,74865,74867,74869],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74858,4234],{"class":89},[71,74860,640],{"class":117},[71,74862,109],{"class":89},[71,74864,165],{"class":117},[71,74866,109],{"class":89},[71,74868,183],{"class":117},[71,74870,1757],{"class":89},[71,74872,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,74874,4234],{"class":89},[71,74876,630],{"class":117},[71,74878,109],{"class":89},[71,74880,165],{"class":117},[71,74882,109],{"class":89},[71,74884,701],{"class":117},[71,74886,1757],{"class":89},[350,74888,74890],{"id":74889},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[40,74892,74893,74898,74903],{},[43,74894,283,74895,74897],{},[15,74896,73659],{}," when you want to change the original list",[43,74899,283,74900,74902],{},[15,74901,74781],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[43,74904,283,74905,74907],{},[15,74906,74562],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74909,74910,74911,74917],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[56,74912,74914,74915,1709],{"href":74913},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74916,64449],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[288,74919,5298,74921],{"id":74920},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74922,73659],{},[20,74924,74925,74927],{},[15,74926,73659],{}," is a good choice:",[40,74929,74930,74933,74936],{},[43,74931,74932],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[43,74934,74935],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[43,74937,74938],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74940,74941,74942,60],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[56,74943,74945],{"href":74944},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[288,74947,2054],{"id":2053},[20,74949,74950,74951,74953],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74952,73659],{}," for these reasons:",[40,74955,74956,74960,74965,74970],{},[43,74957,12703,74958,12706],{},[15,74959,73659],{},[43,74961,8794,74962,74964],{},[15,74963,73659],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[43,74966,8758,74967,74969],{},[15,74968,73659],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[43,74971,37331,74972,9046,74974],{},[15,74973,73659],{},[15,74975,74976],{},"reversed()",[20,74978,74979],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[62,74981,74983],{"className":64,"code":74982,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74984,74985,74997],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,74986,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,74988,34811],{"class":77},[71,74990,82],{"class":81},[71,74992,3683],{"class":99},[71,74994,4177],{"class":103},[71,74996,3689],{"class":99},[71,74998,74999,75001,75003,75005],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,75000,34832],{"class":77},[71,75002,60],{"class":89},[71,75004,73715],{"class":133},[71,75006,369],{"class":89},[20,75008,75009,75010,33723],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75011,73659],{},[20,75013,75014],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[62,75016,75018],{"className":64,"code":75017,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75019,75020,75040,75044,75054,75068,75072,75086,75096,75100],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75021,75022,75024,75026,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75023,8648],{"class":77},[71,75025,82],{"class":81},[71,75027,1740],{"class":89},[71,75029,3320],{"class":117},[71,75031,109],{"class":89},[71,75033,183],{"class":117},[71,75035,109],{"class":89},[71,75037,701],{"class":117},[71,75039,1757],{"class":89},[71,75041,75042],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,75043,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,75045,75046,75048,75050,75052],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,75047,128],{"class":127},[71,75049,90],{"class":89},[71,75051,8679],{"class":133},[71,75053,121],{"class":89},[71,75055,75056,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,75057,128],{"class":127},[71,75059,90],{"class":89},[71,75061,735],{"class":85},[71,75063,90],{"class":89},[71,75065,8679],{"class":133},[71,75067,204],{"class":89},[71,75069,75070],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,75071,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,75073,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,75075,1102],{"class":77},[71,75077,82],{"class":81},[71,75079,8736],{"class":77},[71,75081,60],{"class":89},[71,75083,73715],{"class":133},[71,75085,369],{"class":89},[71,75087,75088,75090,75092,75094],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,75089,128],{"class":127},[71,75091,90],{"class":89},[71,75093,2594],{"class":133},[71,75095,121],{"class":89},[71,75097,75098],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,75099,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,75101,75102,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112,75114],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,75103,128],{"class":127},[71,75105,90],{"class":89},[71,75107,8679],{"class":133},[71,75109,74260],{"class":89},[71,75111,2353],{"class":81},[71,75113,3320],{"class":117},[71,75115,4222],{"class":89},[20,75117,209],{},[62,75119,75121],{"className":64,"code":75120,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75122,75123,75139,75153,75157],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75124,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75126,4234],{"class":89},[71,75128,3320],{"class":117},[71,75130,109],{"class":89},[71,75132,183],{"class":117},[71,75134,109],{"class":89},[71,75136,701],{"class":117},[71,75138,1757],{"class":89},[71,75140,75141,75143,75145,75147,75149,75151],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,75142,765],{"class":81},[71,75144,769],{"class":768},[71,75146,231],{"class":99},[71,75148,8433],{"class":103},[71,75150,100],{"class":99},[71,75152,778],{"class":81},[71,75154,75155],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,75156,11916],{"class":4184},[71,75158,75159,75161,75163,75165,75167,75169,75171],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,75160,4234],{"class":89},[71,75162,3320],{"class":117},[71,75164,109],{"class":89},[71,75166,183],{"class":117},[71,75168,109],{"class":89},[71,75170,165],{"class":117},[71,75172,1757],{"class":89},[20,75174,75175],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[62,75177,75179],{"className":64,"code":75178,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75180,75181,75201,75205,75215,75229,75233,75247,75257,75267],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75182,75183,75185,75187,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197,75199],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75184,8648],{"class":77},[71,75186,82],{"class":81},[71,75188,1740],{"class":89},[71,75190,3320],{"class":117},[71,75192,109],{"class":89},[71,75194,183],{"class":117},[71,75196,109],{"class":89},[71,75198,701],{"class":117},[71,75200,1757],{"class":89},[71,75202,75203],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,75204,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,75206,75207,75209,75211,75213],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,75208,128],{"class":127},[71,75210,90],{"class":89},[71,75212,8679],{"class":133},[71,75214,121],{"class":89},[71,75216,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,75218,128],{"class":127},[71,75220,90],{"class":89},[71,75222,735],{"class":85},[71,75224,90],{"class":89},[71,75226,8679],{"class":133},[71,75228,204],{"class":89},[71,75230,75231],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,75232,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,75234,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,75236,1102],{"class":77},[71,75238,82],{"class":81},[71,75240,8736],{"class":77},[71,75242,60],{"class":89},[71,75244,73715],{"class":133},[71,75246,369],{"class":89},[71,75248,75249,75251,75253,75255],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,75250,128],{"class":127},[71,75252,90],{"class":89},[71,75254,2594],{"class":133},[71,75256,121],{"class":89},[71,75258,75259,75261,75263,75265],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,75260,128],{"class":127},[71,75262,90],{"class":89},[71,75264,8679],{"class":133},[71,75266,121],{"class":89},[71,75268,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,75270,128],{"class":127},[71,75272,90],{"class":89},[71,75274,8679],{"class":133},[71,75276,74260],{"class":89},[71,75278,2353],{"class":81},[71,75280,3320],{"class":117},[71,75282,4222],{"class":89},[20,75284,209],{},[62,75286,75288],{"className":64,"code":75287,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75289,75290,75306,75320,75324,75340],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75291,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75293,4234],{"class":89},[71,75295,3320],{"class":117},[71,75297,109],{"class":89},[71,75299,183],{"class":117},[71,75301,109],{"class":89},[71,75303,701],{"class":117},[71,75305,1757],{"class":89},[71,75307,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,75309,765],{"class":81},[71,75311,769],{"class":768},[71,75313,231],{"class":99},[71,75315,8433],{"class":103},[71,75317,100],{"class":99},[71,75319,778],{"class":81},[71,75321,75322],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,75323,11916],{"class":4184},[71,75325,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336,75338],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,75327,4234],{"class":89},[71,75329,640],{"class":117},[71,75331,109],{"class":89},[71,75333,183],{"class":117},[71,75335,109],{"class":89},[71,75337,165],{"class":117},[71,75339,1757],{"class":89},[71,75341,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,75343,4234],{"class":89},[71,75345,3320],{"class":117},[71,75347,109],{"class":89},[71,75349,183],{"class":117},[71,75351,109],{"class":89},[71,75353,701],{"class":117},[71,75355,1757],{"class":89},[20,75357,75358],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[40,75360,75361,75370,75379],{},[43,75362,27915,75363,75366,75367],{},[15,75364,75365],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75368,75369],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[43,75371,12024,75372,75375,75376,22677],{},[15,75373,75374],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[30,75377,75378],{},"current",[43,75380,75381,75382],{},"So it prints ",[15,75383,75384],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[288,75386,2163],{"id":2162},[350,75388,12813,75390,55604],{"id":75389},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75391,73664],{},[20,75393,62740,75394,60],{},[15,75395,4110],{},[350,75397,34328,75399,34331,75401,2172],{"id":75398},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75400,73659],{},[15,75402,75403],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75405,75406,75408],{},[15,75407,73659],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75410,75411,75413],{},[15,75412,75403],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[350,75415,28448,75417,75419],{"id":75416},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75418,73659],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75421,46497,75422,75424],{},[15,75423,73659],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[350,75426,75428],{"id":75427},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75430,75431],{},"Use slicing:",[62,75433,75435],{"className":64,"code":75434,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75436,75437],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75438,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75440,8679],{"class":77},[71,75442,74260],{"class":89},[71,75444,2353],{"class":81},[71,75446,3320],{"class":117},[71,75448,1757],{"class":89},[20,75450,75451],{},"Or use:",[62,75453,75455],{"className":64,"code":75454,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75456,75457],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75458,75459,75461,75463,75466,75468,75470],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75460,8433],{"class":85},[71,75462,90],{"class":89},[71,75464,75465],{"class":127},"reversed",[71,75467,90],{"class":89},[71,75469,8679],{"class":133},[71,75471,204],{"class":89},[20,75473,75474,75475,75479],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[56,75476,55655,75477],{"href":55095},[15,75478,12886],{}," can also help.",[288,75481,2221],{"id":2220},[40,75483,75484,75490,75496,75500,75504],{},[43,75485,75486],{},[56,75487,55655,75488,1709],{"href":74913},[15,75489,64449],{},[43,75491,75492],{},[56,75493,13,75494,3841],{"href":74659},[15,75495,74562],{},[43,75497,75498],{},[56,75499,74945],{"href":74944},[43,75501,75502],{},[56,75503,74360],{"href":73677},[43,75505,75506],{},[56,75507,55655,75508,1709],{"href":55095},[15,75509,12886],{},[2250,75511,75512],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":75514},[75515,75516,75518,75519,75520,75522,75523,75530,75532,75533,75542],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":73738,"depth":124,"text":75517},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":74097,"depth":124,"text":75521},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74363,"depth":124,"text":74364},{"id":74557,"depth":124,"text":75524,"children":75525},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75526,75527,75528,75529],{"id":73715,"depth":139,"text":73659},{"id":74652,"depth":139,"text":74562},{"id":74774,"depth":139,"text":74775},{"id":74889,"depth":139,"text":74890},{"id":74920,"depth":124,"text":75531},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":75534},[75535,75537,75539,75541],{"id":75389,"depth":139,"text":75536},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75398,"depth":139,"text":75538},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75416,"depth":139,"text":75540},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75427,"depth":139,"text":75428},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73651,"description":75543},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75550,"title":75551,"body":75552,"description":77985,"extension":2292,"meta":77986,"navigation":142,"path":77987,"seo":77988,"stem":77989,"__hash__":77990},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75553,"toc":77953},[75554,75557,75569,75572,75595,75603,75605,75717,75726,75730,75733,75736,75823,75825,75858,75860,75883,75889,75893,75896,75918,75920,75937,75940,75960,75962,76072,76074,76151,76155,76158,76201,76203,76336,76338,76440,76445,76449,76452,76454,76468,76471,76585,76587,76661,76663,76691,76695,76700,76730,76733,76859,76861,76943,76949,76953,76955,76994,77003,77007,77010,77014,77061,77063,77071,77075,77126,77128,77141,77143,77157,77160,77168,77170,77217,77219,77227,77230,77273,77278,77281,77284,77307,77311,77362,77365,77386,77396,77400,77402,77432,77435,77458,77462,77465,77532,77534,77571,77574,77582,77649,77651,77688,77694,77701,77705,77708,77738,77743,77747,77750,77774,77777,77871,77881,77883,77887,77890,77894,77897,77902,77905,77911,77914,77916,77944,77950],[10,75555,75551],{"id":75556},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75558,75559,75560,2518,75562,17186,75565,75568],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75561,36198],{},[15,75563,75564],{},"stop",[15,75566,75567],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75570,75571],{},"The basic slice form is:",[62,75573,75575],{"className":64,"code":75574,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75576,75577],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75578,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75580,8679],{"class":77},[71,75582,4234],{"class":89},[71,75584,36198],{"class":77},[71,75586,228],{"class":89},[71,75588,75564],{"class":77},[71,75590,228],{"class":89},[71,75592,75567],{"class":77},[71,75594,1757],{"class":89},[20,75596,75597,75598,75600,75601,60],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75599,75564],{}," position is ",[30,75602,65207],{},[288,75604,2334],{"id":2333},[62,75606,75608],{"className":64,"code":75607,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75609,75610,75638,75642,75663,75681,75698],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75611,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75613,3950],{"class":77},[71,75615,82],{"class":81},[71,75617,1740],{"class":89},[71,75619,2661],{"class":117},[71,75621,109],{"class":89},[71,75623,8129],{"class":117},[71,75625,109],{"class":89},[71,75627,8134],{"class":117},[71,75629,109],{"class":89},[71,75631,50977],{"class":117},[71,75633,109],{"class":89},[71,75635,5417],{"class":117},[71,75637,1757],{"class":89},[71,75639,75640],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,75641,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,75643,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,75645,128],{"class":127},[71,75647,90],{"class":89},[71,75649,3980],{"class":133},[71,75651,4234],{"class":89},[71,75653,3320],{"class":117},[71,75655,228],{"class":89},[71,75657,2836],{"class":117},[71,75659,20562],{"class":89},[71,75661,75662],{"class":1439},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[71,75664,75665,75667,75669,75671,75674,75676,75678],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,75666,128],{"class":127},[71,75668,90],{"class":89},[71,75670,3980],{"class":133},[71,75672,75673],{"class":89},"[:",[71,75675,640],{"class":117},[71,75677,20562],{"class":89},[71,75679,75680],{"class":1439},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[71,75682,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,75684,128],{"class":127},[71,75686,90],{"class":89},[71,75688,3980],{"class":133},[71,75690,74260],{"class":89},[71,75692,630],{"class":117},[71,75694,20562],{"class":89},[71,75696,75697],{"class":1439},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[71,75699,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,75701,128],{"class":127},[71,75703,90],{"class":89},[71,75705,3980],{"class":133},[71,75707,74260],{"class":89},[71,75709,2353],{"class":81},[71,75711,3320],{"class":117},[71,75713,20562],{"class":89},[71,75715,75716],{"class":1439},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75718,283,75719,75722,75723,75725],{},[15,75720,75721],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75724,75564],{}," value is not included.",[288,75727,75729],{"id":75728},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75731,75732],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75734,75735],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[62,75737,75739],{"className":64,"code":75738,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75740,75741,75789,75793,75812],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75742,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75744,36216],{"class":77},[71,75746,82],{"class":81},[71,75748,1740],{"class":89},[71,75750,3184],{"class":99},[71,75752,56],{"class":103},[71,75754,3184],{"class":99},[71,75756,109],{"class":89},[71,75758,3683],{"class":99},[71,75760,176],{"class":103},[71,75762,3184],{"class":99},[71,75764,109],{"class":89},[71,75766,3683],{"class":99},[71,75768,694],{"class":103},[71,75770,3184],{"class":99},[71,75772,109],{"class":89},[71,75774,3683],{"class":99},[71,75776,18883],{"class":103},[71,75778,3184],{"class":99},[71,75780,109],{"class":89},[71,75782,3683],{"class":99},[71,75784,60584],{"class":103},[71,75786,3184],{"class":99},[71,75788,1757],{"class":89},[71,75790,75791],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,75792,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,75794,75795,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,75796,75797],{"class":77},"part ",[71,75799,82],{"class":81},[71,75801,70234],{"class":77},[71,75803,4234],{"class":89},[71,75805,3320],{"class":117},[71,75807,228],{"class":89},[71,75809,2836],{"class":117},[71,75811,1757],{"class":89},[71,75813,75814,75816,75818,75821],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,75815,128],{"class":127},[71,75817,90],{"class":89},[71,75819,75820],{"class":133},"part",[71,75822,121],{"class":89},[20,75824,209],{},[62,75826,75828],{"className":64,"code":75827,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75829,75830],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75831,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75833,4234],{"class":89},[71,75835,100],{"class":99},[71,75837,176],{"class":103},[71,75839,100],{"class":99},[71,75841,109],{"class":89},[71,75843,231],{"class":99},[71,75845,694],{"class":103},[71,75847,100],{"class":99},[71,75849,109],{"class":89},[71,75851,231],{"class":99},[71,75853,18883],{"class":103},[71,75855,100],{"class":99},[71,75857,1757],{"class":89},[20,75859,13162],{},[40,75861,75862,75865,75868,75874,75880],{},[43,75863,75864],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[43,75866,75867],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[43,75869,75870,75871],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75872,75873],{},"list[start:stop]",[43,75875,75876,75877,75879],{},"The item at ",[15,75878,75564],{}," is not included",[43,75881,75882],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75884,75885,75886,60],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[56,75887,75888],{"href":51113},"beginner guide to Python lists",[288,75890,75892],{"id":75891},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75894,75895],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[62,75897,75898],{"className":64,"code":75574,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,75899,75900],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75901,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75903,8679],{"class":77},[71,75905,4234],{"class":89},[71,75907,36198],{"class":77},[71,75909,228],{"class":89},[71,75911,75564],{"class":77},[71,75913,228],{"class":89},[71,75915,75567],{"class":77},[71,75917,1757],{"class":89},[20,75919,65183],{},[40,75921,75922,75927,75932],{},[43,75923,75924,75926],{},[15,75925,36198],{}," is where slicing begins",[43,75928,75929,75931],{},[15,75930,75564],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[43,75933,75934,75936],{},[15,75935,75567],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75938,75939],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[40,75941,75942,75948,75953],{},[43,75943,75944,75945,75947],{},"Missing ",[15,75946,36198],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[43,75949,75944,75950,75952],{},[15,75951,75564],{}," means go to the end of the list",[43,75954,75944,75955,75957,75958],{},[15,75956,75567],{}," means use ",[15,75959,3320],{},[20,75961,2537],{},[62,75963,75965],{"className":64,"code":75964,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75966,75967,75995,75999,76020,76037,76055],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,75968,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,75970,3950],{"class":77},[71,75972,82],{"class":81},[71,75974,1740],{"class":89},[71,75976,2661],{"class":117},[71,75978,109],{"class":89},[71,75980,8129],{"class":117},[71,75982,109],{"class":89},[71,75984,8134],{"class":117},[71,75986,109],{"class":89},[71,75988,50977],{"class":117},[71,75990,109],{"class":89},[71,75992,5417],{"class":117},[71,75994,1757],{"class":89},[71,75996,75997],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,75998,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,76000,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,76002,128],{"class":127},[71,76004,90],{"class":89},[71,76006,3980],{"class":133},[71,76008,4234],{"class":89},[71,76010,3320],{"class":117},[71,76012,228],{"class":89},[71,76014,2836],{"class":117},[71,76016,20562],{"class":89},[71,76018,76019],{"class":1439},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[71,76021,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,76023,128],{"class":127},[71,76025,90],{"class":89},[71,76027,3980],{"class":133},[71,76029,75673],{"class":89},[71,76031,640],{"class":117},[71,76033,20562],{"class":89},[71,76035,76036],{"class":1439},"    # start from the beginning\n",[71,76038,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047,76049,76052],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,76040,128],{"class":127},[71,76042,90],{"class":89},[71,76044,3980],{"class":133},[71,76046,4234],{"class":89},[71,76048,630],{"class":117},[71,76050,76051],{"class":89},":])",[71,76053,76054],{"class":1439},"    # go to the end\n",[71,76056,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,76058,128],{"class":127},[71,76060,90],{"class":89},[71,76062,3980],{"class":133},[71,76064,74260],{"class":89},[71,76066,3320],{"class":117},[71,76068,20562],{"class":89},[71,76070,76071],{"class":1439},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76073,209],{},[62,76075,76077],{"className":64,"code":76076,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76078,76079,76095,76111,76127],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,76080,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,76082,4234],{"class":89},[71,76084,15867],{"class":117},[71,76086,109],{"class":89},[71,76088,8134],{"class":117},[71,76090,109],{"class":89},[71,76092,50977],{"class":117},[71,76094,1757],{"class":89},[71,76096,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,76098,4234],{"class":89},[71,76100,2661],{"class":117},[71,76102,109],{"class":89},[71,76104,8129],{"class":117},[71,76106,109],{"class":89},[71,76108,8134],{"class":117},[71,76110,1757],{"class":89},[71,76112,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,76114,4234],{"class":89},[71,76116,36968],{"class":117},[71,76118,109],{"class":89},[71,76120,50977],{"class":117},[71,76122,109],{"class":89},[71,76124,5417],{"class":117},[71,76126,1757],{"class":89},[71,76128,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,76130,4234],{"class":89},[71,76132,2661],{"class":117},[71,76134,109],{"class":89},[71,76136,8129],{"class":117},[71,76138,109],{"class":89},[71,76140,8134],{"class":117},[71,76142,109],{"class":89},[71,76144,50977],{"class":117},[71,76146,109],{"class":89},[71,76148,5417],{"class":117},[71,76150,1757],{"class":89},[288,76152,76154],{"id":76153},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76156,76157],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[40,76159,76160,76169,76178,76189,76195],{},[43,76161,76162,76165,76166,6302],{},[15,76163,76164],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76167,76168],{},"n",[43,76170,76171,76174,76175,76177],{},[15,76172,76173],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76176,76168],{}," to the end",[43,76179,76180,76183,76184,76186,76187],{},[15,76181,76182],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76185,56],{}," up to ",[15,76188,176],{},[43,76190,76191,76194],{},[15,76192,76193],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[43,76196,76197,76200],{},[15,76198,76199],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76202,2537],{},[62,76204,76206],{"className":64,"code":76205,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76207,76208,76241,76245,76262,76279,76300,76317],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,76209,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76239],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,76211,3950],{"class":77},[71,76213,82],{"class":81},[71,76215,1740],{"class":89},[71,76217,2661],{"class":117},[71,76219,109],{"class":89},[71,76221,8129],{"class":117},[71,76223,109],{"class":89},[71,76225,8134],{"class":117},[71,76227,109],{"class":89},[71,76229,50977],{"class":117},[71,76231,109],{"class":89},[71,76233,5417],{"class":117},[71,76235,109],{"class":89},[71,76237,76238],{"class":117}," 60",[71,76240,1757],{"class":89},[71,76242,76243],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,76244,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,76246,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,76248,128],{"class":127},[71,76250,90],{"class":89},[71,76252,3980],{"class":133},[71,76254,75673],{"class":89},[71,76256,640],{"class":117},[71,76258,20562],{"class":89},[71,76260,76261],{"class":1439},"    # first 3 items\n",[71,76263,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,76265,128],{"class":127},[71,76267,90],{"class":89},[71,76269,3980],{"class":133},[71,76271,4234],{"class":89},[71,76273,640],{"class":117},[71,76275,76051],{"class":89},[71,76277,76278],{"class":1439},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[71,76280,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,76282,128],{"class":127},[71,76284,90],{"class":89},[71,76286,3980],{"class":133},[71,76288,4234],{"class":89},[71,76290,3320],{"class":117},[71,76292,228],{"class":89},[71,76294,2466],{"class":117},[71,76296,20562],{"class":89},[71,76298,76299],{"class":1439},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[71,76301,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,76303,128],{"class":127},[71,76305,90],{"class":89},[71,76307,3980],{"class":133},[71,76309,74260],{"class":89},[71,76311,630],{"class":117},[71,76313,20562],{"class":89},[71,76315,76316],{"class":1439},"   # every second item\n",[71,76318,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,76320,128],{"class":127},[71,76322,90],{"class":89},[71,76324,3980],{"class":133},[71,76326,74260],{"class":89},[71,76328,2353],{"class":81},[71,76330,3320],{"class":117},[71,76332,20562],{"class":89},[71,76334,76335],{"class":1439},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76337,209],{},[62,76339,76341],{"className":64,"code":76340,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76342,76343,76359,76375,76395,76411],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,76344,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,76346,4234],{"class":89},[71,76348,2661],{"class":117},[71,76350,109],{"class":89},[71,76352,8129],{"class":117},[71,76354,109],{"class":89},[71,76356,8134],{"class":117},[71,76358,1757],{"class":89},[71,76360,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,76362,4234],{"class":89},[71,76364,56828],{"class":117},[71,76366,109],{"class":89},[71,76368,5417],{"class":117},[71,76370,109],{"class":89},[71,76372,76238],{"class":117},[71,76374,1757],{"class":89},[71,76376,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,76378,4234],{"class":89},[71,76380,15867],{"class":117},[71,76382,109],{"class":89},[71,76384,8134],{"class":117},[71,76386,109],{"class":89},[71,76388,50977],{"class":117},[71,76390,109],{"class":89},[71,76392,5417],{"class":117},[71,76394,1757],{"class":89},[71,76396,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,76398,4234],{"class":89},[71,76400,2661],{"class":117},[71,76402,109],{"class":89},[71,76404,8134],{"class":117},[71,76406,109],{"class":89},[71,76408,5417],{"class":117},[71,76410,1757],{"class":89},[71,76412,76413,76415,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,76414,4234],{"class":89},[71,76416,76417],{"class":117},"60",[71,76419,109],{"class":89},[71,76421,5417],{"class":117},[71,76423,109],{"class":89},[71,76425,50977],{"class":117},[71,76427,109],{"class":89},[71,76429,8134],{"class":117},[71,76431,109],{"class":89},[71,76433,8129],{"class":117},[71,76435,109],{"class":89},[71,76437,6341],{"class":117},[71,76439,1757],{"class":89},[20,76441,76442,76443,60],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[56,76444,15000],{"href":57355},[288,76446,76448],{"id":76447},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76450,76451],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76453,5808],{},[40,76455,76456,76462],{},[43,76457,76458,76461],{},[15,76459,76460],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[43,76463,76464,76467],{},[15,76465,76466],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76469,76470],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[62,76472,76474],{"className":64,"code":76473,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76475,76476,76524,76528,76547,76566],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,76477,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,76479,36216],{"class":77},[71,76481,82],{"class":81},[71,76483,1740],{"class":89},[71,76485,3184],{"class":99},[71,76487,56],{"class":103},[71,76489,3184],{"class":99},[71,76491,109],{"class":89},[71,76493,3683],{"class":99},[71,76495,176],{"class":103},[71,76497,3184],{"class":99},[71,76499,109],{"class":89},[71,76501,3683],{"class":99},[71,76503,694],{"class":103},[71,76505,3184],{"class":99},[71,76507,109],{"class":89},[71,76509,3683],{"class":99},[71,76511,18883],{"class":103},[71,76513,3184],{"class":99},[71,76515,109],{"class":89},[71,76517,3683],{"class":99},[71,76519,60584],{"class":103},[71,76521,3184],{"class":99},[71,76523,1757],{"class":89},[71,76525,76526],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,76527,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,76529,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,76531,128],{"class":127},[71,76533,90],{"class":89},[71,76535,36269],{"class":133},[71,76537,4234],{"class":89},[71,76539,2353],{"class":81},[71,76541,3320],{"class":117},[71,76543,20562],{"class":89},[71,76545,76546],{"class":1439},"    # last item\n",[71,76548,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,76550,128],{"class":127},[71,76552,90],{"class":89},[71,76554,36269],{"class":133},[71,76556,4234],{"class":89},[71,76558,2353],{"class":81},[71,76560,640],{"class":117},[71,76562,76051],{"class":89},[71,76564,76565],{"class":1439},"   # last 3 items\n",[71,76567,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,76569,128],{"class":127},[71,76571,90],{"class":89},[71,76573,36269],{"class":133},[71,76575,75673],{"class":89},[71,76577,2353],{"class":81},[71,76579,3320],{"class":117},[71,76581,20562],{"class":89},[71,76583,76584],{"class":1439},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76586,209],{},[62,76588,76590],{"className":64,"code":76589,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76591,76592,76597,76625],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,76593,76594],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,76595,76596],{"class":77},"e\n",[71,76598,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,76600,4234],{"class":89},[71,76602,100],{"class":99},[71,76604,694],{"class":103},[71,76606,100],{"class":99},[71,76608,109],{"class":89},[71,76610,231],{"class":99},[71,76612,18883],{"class":103},[71,76614,100],{"class":99},[71,76616,109],{"class":89},[71,76618,231],{"class":99},[71,76620,60584],{"class":103},[71,76622,100],{"class":99},[71,76624,1757],{"class":89},[71,76626,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,76628,4234],{"class":89},[71,76630,100],{"class":99},[71,76632,56],{"class":103},[71,76634,100],{"class":99},[71,76636,109],{"class":89},[71,76638,231],{"class":99},[71,76640,176],{"class":103},[71,76642,100],{"class":99},[71,76644,109],{"class":89},[71,76646,231],{"class":99},[71,76648,694],{"class":103},[71,76650,100],{"class":99},[71,76652,109],{"class":89},[71,76654,231],{"class":99},[71,76656,18883],{"class":103},[71,76658,100],{"class":99},[71,76660,1757],{"class":89},[20,76662,13162],{},[40,76664,76665,76668,76672,76678,76684],{},[43,76666,76667],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[43,76669,76670,76461],{},[15,76671,76460],{},[43,76673,76674,76677],{},[15,76675,76676],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[43,76679,76680,76683],{},[15,76681,76682],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[43,76685,76686,76687,1560,76689],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76688,36198],{},[15,76690,75564],{},[288,76692,76694],{"id":76693},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76696,2309,76697,76699],{},[15,76698,75567],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[40,76701,76702,76705,76708,76713,76723],{},[43,76703,76704],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[43,76706,76707],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[43,76709,76710,76712],{},[15,76711,76199],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[43,76714,9216,76715,76717,76718,76720,76721],{},[15,76716,75567],{}," is negative, ",[15,76719,36198],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76722,75564],{},[43,76724,76725,76727,76728],{},[15,76726,75567],{}," cannot be ",[15,76729,2449],{},[20,76731,76732],{},"Example with different step values:",[62,76734,76736],{"className":64,"code":76735,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76737,76738,76770,76774,76791,76813,76832],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,76739,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,76741,3950],{"class":77},[71,76743,82],{"class":81},[71,76745,1740],{"class":89},[71,76747,2661],{"class":117},[71,76749,109],{"class":89},[71,76751,8129],{"class":117},[71,76753,109],{"class":89},[71,76755,8134],{"class":117},[71,76757,109],{"class":89},[71,76759,50977],{"class":117},[71,76761,109],{"class":89},[71,76763,5417],{"class":117},[71,76765,109],{"class":89},[71,76767,76238],{"class":117},[71,76769,1757],{"class":89},[71,76771,76772],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,76773,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,76775,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,76777,128],{"class":127},[71,76779,90],{"class":89},[71,76781,3980],{"class":133},[71,76783,74260],{"class":89},[71,76785,630],{"class":117},[71,76787,20562],{"class":89},[71,76789,76790],{"class":1439},"     # every second item\n",[71,76792,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803,76806,76808,76810],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,76794,128],{"class":127},[71,76796,90],{"class":89},[71,76798,3980],{"class":133},[71,76800,4234],{"class":89},[71,76802,3320],{"class":117},[71,76804,76805],{"class":89},"::",[71,76807,630],{"class":117},[71,76809,20562],{"class":89},[71,76811,76812],{"class":1439},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[71,76814,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,76816,128],{"class":127},[71,76818,90],{"class":89},[71,76820,3980],{"class":133},[71,76822,74260],{"class":89},[71,76824,2353],{"class":81},[71,76826,3320],{"class":117},[71,76828,20562],{"class":89},[71,76830,76831],{"class":1439},"    # reverse the list\n",[71,76833,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,76835,128],{"class":127},[71,76837,90],{"class":89},[71,76839,3980],{"class":133},[71,76841,4234],{"class":89},[71,76843,2836],{"class":117},[71,76845,228],{"class":89},[71,76847,3320],{"class":117},[71,76849,228],{"class":89},[71,76851,2353],{"class":81},[71,76853,3320],{"class":117},[71,76855,20562],{"class":89},[71,76857,76858],{"class":1439},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76860,209],{},[62,76862,76864],{"className":64,"code":76863,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76865,76866,76882,76898,76926],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,76867,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,76869,4234],{"class":89},[71,76871,2661],{"class":117},[71,76873,109],{"class":89},[71,76875,8134],{"class":117},[71,76877,109],{"class":89},[71,76879,5417],{"class":117},[71,76881,1757],{"class":89},[71,76883,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,76885,4234],{"class":89},[71,76887,15867],{"class":117},[71,76889,109],{"class":89},[71,76891,50977],{"class":117},[71,76893,109],{"class":89},[71,76895,76238],{"class":117},[71,76897,1757],{"class":89},[71,76899,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,76901,4234],{"class":89},[71,76903,76417],{"class":117},[71,76905,109],{"class":89},[71,76907,5417],{"class":117},[71,76909,109],{"class":89},[71,76911,50977],{"class":117},[71,76913,109],{"class":89},[71,76915,8134],{"class":117},[71,76917,109],{"class":89},[71,76919,8129],{"class":117},[71,76921,109],{"class":89},[71,76923,6341],{"class":117},[71,76925,1757],{"class":89},[71,76927,76928,76930,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,76929,4234],{"class":89},[71,76931,76932],{"class":117},"50",[71,76934,109],{"class":89},[71,76936,50977],{"class":117},[71,76938,109],{"class":89},[71,76940,8134],{"class":117},[71,76942,1757],{"class":89},[20,76944,76945,76946,60],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[56,76947,76948],{"href":74944},"how to reverse a list in Python",[350,76950,76952],{"id":76951},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76954,1052],{},[62,76956,76958],{"className":64,"code":76957,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76959,76960,76980],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,76961,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,76963,3950],{"class":77},[71,76965,82],{"class":81},[71,76967,1740],{"class":89},[71,76969,3320],{"class":117},[71,76971,109],{"class":89},[71,76973,183],{"class":117},[71,76975,109],{"class":89},[71,76977,701],{"class":117},[71,76979,1757],{"class":89},[71,76981,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,76983,128],{"class":127},[71,76985,90],{"class":89},[71,76987,3980],{"class":133},[71,76989,74260],{"class":89},[71,76991,2449],{"class":117},[71,76993,4222],{"class":89},[20,76995,76996,76997,76999,77000,77002],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76998,40833],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77001,2449],{}," does not make sense.",[288,77004,77006],{"id":77005},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77008,77009],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[350,77011,77013],{"id":77012},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[62,77015,77017],{"className":64,"code":77016,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77018,77019,77043,77047],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77020,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77022,3950],{"class":77},[71,77024,82],{"class":81},[71,77026,1740],{"class":89},[71,77028,2661],{"class":117},[71,77030,109],{"class":89},[71,77032,8129],{"class":117},[71,77034,109],{"class":89},[71,77036,8134],{"class":117},[71,77038,109],{"class":89},[71,77040,50977],{"class":117},[71,77042,1757],{"class":89},[71,77044,77045],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77046,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,77048,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,77050,128],{"class":127},[71,77052,90],{"class":89},[71,77054,3980],{"class":133},[71,77056,4234],{"class":89},[71,77058,630],{"class":117},[71,77060,4222],{"class":89},[20,77062,209],{},[62,77064,77065],{"className":64,"code":69978,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,77066,77067],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77068,77069],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77070,69978],{"class":117},[350,77072,77074],{"id":77073},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[62,77076,77078],{"className":64,"code":77077,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77079,77080,77104,77108],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77081,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77083,3950],{"class":77},[71,77085,82],{"class":81},[71,77087,1740],{"class":89},[71,77089,2661],{"class":117},[71,77091,109],{"class":89},[71,77093,8129],{"class":117},[71,77095,109],{"class":89},[71,77097,8134],{"class":117},[71,77099,109],{"class":89},[71,77101,50977],{"class":117},[71,77103,1757],{"class":89},[71,77105,77106],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77107,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,77109,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,77111,128],{"class":127},[71,77113,90],{"class":89},[71,77115,3980],{"class":133},[71,77117,4234],{"class":89},[71,77119,630],{"class":117},[71,77121,228],{"class":89},[71,77123,640],{"class":117},[71,77125,4222],{"class":89},[20,77127,209],{},[62,77129,77131],{"className":64,"code":77130,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[30]\n",[15,77132,77133],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77134,77135,77137,77139],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77136,4234],{"class":89},[71,77138,36968],{"class":117},[71,77140,1757],{"class":89},[20,77142,13874],{},[40,77144,77145,77151],{},[43,77146,77147,77150],{},[15,77148,77149],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[43,77152,77153,77156],{},[15,77154,77155],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77158,77159],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[40,77161,77162,77165],{},[43,77163,77164],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[43,77166,77167],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77169,2537],{},[62,77171,77173],{"className":64,"code":77172,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77174,77175,77195,77199],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77176,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77178,3950],{"class":77},[71,77180,82],{"class":81},[71,77182,1740],{"class":89},[71,77184,2661],{"class":117},[71,77186,109],{"class":89},[71,77188,8129],{"class":117},[71,77190,109],{"class":89},[71,77192,8134],{"class":117},[71,77194,1757],{"class":89},[71,77196,77197],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77198,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,77200,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,77202,128],{"class":127},[71,77204,90],{"class":89},[71,77206,3980],{"class":133},[71,77208,4234],{"class":89},[71,77210,2466],{"class":117},[71,77212,228],{"class":89},[71,77214,2661],{"class":117},[71,77216,4222],{"class":89},[20,77218,209],{},[62,77220,77221],{"className":64,"code":38425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,77222,77223],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77224,77225],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77226,38425],{"class":89},[20,77228,77229],{},"But this would raise an error:",[62,77231,77233],{"className":64,"code":77232,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77234,77235,77255,77259],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77236,77237,77239,77241,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77238,3950],{"class":77},[71,77240,82],{"class":81},[71,77242,1740],{"class":89},[71,77244,2661],{"class":117},[71,77246,109],{"class":89},[71,77248,8129],{"class":117},[71,77250,109],{"class":89},[71,77252,8134],{"class":117},[71,77254,1757],{"class":89},[71,77256,77257],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77258,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,77260,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,77262,128],{"class":127},[71,77264,90],{"class":89},[71,77266,3980],{"class":133},[71,77268,4234],{"class":89},[71,77270,2466],{"class":117},[71,77272,4222],{"class":89},[20,77274,77275,77276,60],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[56,77277,69397],{"href":69396},[288,77279,15289],{"id":77280},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77282,77283],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[40,77285,77286,77290,77292,77295,77301],{},[43,77287,5041,77288,75879],{},[15,77289,75564],{},[43,77291,60829],{},[43,77293,77294],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[43,77296,37331,77297,9046,77299],{},[15,77298,76199],{},[15,77300,73664],{},[43,77302,77303,77304,77306],{},"Using step ",[15,77305,2449],{},", which causes an error",[350,77308,77310],{"id":77309},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[62,77312,77314],{"className":64,"code":77313,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77315,77316,77344],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77317,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77319,3950],{"class":77},[71,77321,82],{"class":81},[71,77323,1740],{"class":89},[71,77325,2661],{"class":117},[71,77327,109],{"class":89},[71,77329,8129],{"class":117},[71,77331,109],{"class":89},[71,77333,8134],{"class":117},[71,77335,109],{"class":89},[71,77337,50977],{"class":117},[71,77339,109],{"class":89},[71,77341,5417],{"class":117},[71,77343,1757],{"class":89},[71,77345,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77347,128],{"class":127},[71,77349,90],{"class":89},[71,77351,3980],{"class":133},[71,77353,4234],{"class":89},[71,77355,3320],{"class":117},[71,77357,228],{"class":89},[71,77359,2836],{"class":117},[71,77361,4222],{"class":89},[20,77363,77364],{},"This returns:",[62,77366,77368],{"className":64,"code":77367,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77369,77370],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77371,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77373,4234],{"class":89},[71,77375,15867],{"class":117},[71,77377,109],{"class":89},[71,77379,8134],{"class":117},[71,77381,109],{"class":89},[71,77383,50977],{"class":117},[71,77385,1757],{"class":89},[20,77387,41035,77388,77390,77391,77393,77394,60],{},[30,77389,4967],{}," include ",[15,77392,76932],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77395,2836],{},[350,77397,77399],{"id":77398},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77401,16757],{},[62,77403,77405],{"className":64,"code":77404,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77406,77407,77427],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77408,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77410,3950],{"class":77},[71,77412,82],{"class":81},[71,77414,1740],{"class":89},[71,77416,2661],{"class":117},[71,77418,109],{"class":89},[71,77420,8129],{"class":117},[71,77422,109],{"class":89},[71,77424,8134],{"class":117},[71,77426,1757],{"class":89},[71,77428,77429],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77430,77431],{"class":1439},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77433,77434],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[62,77436,77438],{"className":64,"code":77437,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77439,77440],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77441,77442,77444,77446,77448,77450,77452,77454,77456],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77443,128],{"class":127},[71,77445,90],{"class":89},[71,77447,3980],{"class":133},[71,77449,4234],{"class":89},[71,77451,3320],{"class":117},[71,77453,228],{"class":89},[71,77455,640],{"class":117},[71,77457,4222],{"class":89},[350,77459,77461],{"id":77460},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77463,77464],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[62,77466,77468],{"className":64,"code":77467,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77469,77470,77494,77508,77512,77522],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77471,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490,77492],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77473,3950],{"class":77},[71,77475,82],{"class":81},[71,77477,1740],{"class":89},[71,77479,2661],{"class":117},[71,77481,109],{"class":89},[71,77483,8129],{"class":117},[71,77485,109],{"class":89},[71,77487,8134],{"class":117},[71,77489,109],{"class":89},[71,77491,50977],{"class":117},[71,77493,1757],{"class":89},[71,77495,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77497,75797],{"class":77},[71,77499,82],{"class":81},[71,77501,4599],{"class":77},[71,77503,75673],{"class":89},[71,77505,630],{"class":117},[71,77507,1757],{"class":89},[71,77509,77510],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,77511,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,77513,77514,77516,77518,77520],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,77515,128],{"class":127},[71,77517,90],{"class":89},[71,77519,75820],{"class":133},[71,77521,121],{"class":89},[71,77523,77524,77526,77528,77530],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,77525,128],{"class":127},[71,77527,90],{"class":89},[71,77529,3980],{"class":133},[71,77531,121],{"class":89},[20,77533,209],{},[62,77535,77537],{"className":64,"code":77536,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77538,77539,77551],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77540,77541,77543,77545,77547,77549],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77542,4234],{"class":89},[71,77544,2661],{"class":117},[71,77546,109],{"class":89},[71,77548,8129],{"class":117},[71,77550,1757],{"class":89},[71,77552,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77554,4234],{"class":89},[71,77556,2661],{"class":117},[71,77558,109],{"class":89},[71,77560,8129],{"class":117},[71,77562,109],{"class":89},[71,77564,8134],{"class":117},[71,77566,109],{"class":89},[71,77568,50977],{"class":117},[71,77570,1757],{"class":89},[20,77572,77573],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[350,77575,77577,77578,9046,77580],{"id":77576},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77579,76199],{},[15,77581,73664],{},[62,77583,77585],{"className":64,"code":77584,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77586,77587,77607,77611,77628,77639],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77588,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77590,3950],{"class":77},[71,77592,82],{"class":81},[71,77594,1740],{"class":89},[71,77596,2661],{"class":117},[71,77598,109],{"class":89},[71,77600,8129],{"class":117},[71,77602,109],{"class":89},[71,77604,8134],{"class":117},[71,77606,1757],{"class":89},[71,77608,77609],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77610,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,77612,77613,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,77614,77615],{"class":77},"reversed_copy ",[71,77617,82],{"class":81},[71,77619,4599],{"class":77},[71,77621,74260],{"class":89},[71,77623,2353],{"class":81},[71,77625,3320],{"class":117},[71,77627,1757],{"class":89},[71,77629,77630,77632,77634,77637],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,77631,128],{"class":127},[71,77633,90],{"class":89},[71,77635,77636],{"class":133},"reversed_copy",[71,77638,121],{"class":89},[71,77640,77641,77643,77645,77647],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,77642,128],{"class":127},[71,77644,90],{"class":89},[71,77646,3980],{"class":133},[71,77648,121],{"class":89},[20,77650,209],{},[62,77652,77654],{"className":64,"code":77653,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77655,77656,77672],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77657,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77659,4234],{"class":89},[71,77661,36968],{"class":117},[71,77663,109],{"class":89},[71,77665,8129],{"class":117},[71,77667,109],{"class":89},[71,77669,6341],{"class":117},[71,77671,1757],{"class":89},[71,77673,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77675,4234],{"class":89},[71,77677,2661],{"class":117},[71,77679,109],{"class":89},[71,77681,8129],{"class":117},[71,77683,109],{"class":89},[71,77685,8134],{"class":117},[71,77687,1757],{"class":89},[20,77689,77690,77693],{},[15,77691,77692],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77695,77696,77697,77700],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77698,77699],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[350,77702,77704],{"id":77703},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77706,77707],{},"This is not allowed:",[62,77709,77711],{"className":64,"code":77710,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77712,77713,77733],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77714,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77716,3950],{"class":77},[71,77718,82],{"class":81},[71,77720,1740],{"class":89},[71,77722,2661],{"class":117},[71,77724,109],{"class":89},[71,77726,8129],{"class":117},[71,77728,109],{"class":89},[71,77730,8134],{"class":117},[71,77732,1757],{"class":89},[71,77734,77735],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77736,77737],{"class":1439},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77739,77740,77741,60],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77742,40833],{},[288,77744,77746],{"id":77745},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77748,77749],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[40,77751,77752,77759,77765,77768,77771],{},[43,77753,37331,77754,1560,77756,77758],{},[15,77755,36198],{},[15,77757,75564],{}," positions",[43,77760,77761,77762,77764],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77763,75564],{}," index is included",[43,77766,77767],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[43,77769,77770],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[43,77772,77773],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77775,77776],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[62,77778,77780],{"className":64,"code":77779,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77781,77782,77792,77806,77824,77838,77855],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,77783,77784,77786,77788,77790],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,77785,128],{"class":127},[71,77787,90],{"class":89},[71,77789,8679],{"class":133},[71,77791,121],{"class":89},[71,77793,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,77795,128],{"class":127},[71,77797,90],{"class":89},[71,77799,2139],{"class":127},[71,77801,90],{"class":89},[71,77803,8679],{"class":133},[71,77805,204],{"class":89},[71,77807,77808,77810,77812,77814,77816,77818,77820,77822],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,77809,128],{"class":127},[71,77811,90],{"class":89},[71,77813,8679],{"class":133},[71,77815,4234],{"class":89},[71,77817,3320],{"class":117},[71,77819,228],{"class":89},[71,77821,2836],{"class":117},[71,77823,4222],{"class":89},[71,77825,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,77827,128],{"class":127},[71,77829,90],{"class":89},[71,77831,8679],{"class":133},[71,77833,75673],{"class":89},[71,77835,640],{"class":117},[71,77837,4222],{"class":89},[71,77839,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,77841,128],{"class":127},[71,77843,90],{"class":89},[71,77845,8679],{"class":133},[71,77847,4234],{"class":89},[71,77849,2353],{"class":81},[71,77851,640],{"class":117},[71,77853,77854],{"class":89},":])\n",[71,77856,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,77858,128],{"class":127},[71,77860,90],{"class":89},[71,77862,8679],{"class":133},[71,77864,74260],{"class":89},[71,77866,2353],{"class":81},[71,77868,3320],{"class":117},[71,77870,4222],{"class":89},[20,77872,8758,77873,77875,77876,77880],{},[15,77874,42491],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[56,77877,77879],{"href":77878},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[288,77882,2163],{"id":2162},[350,77884,77886],{"id":77885},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77888,77889],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[350,77891,77893],{"id":77892},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77895,77896],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[350,77898,5479,77900,40089],{"id":77899},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77901,76199],{},[20,77903,77904],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[350,77906,77908,77909,2172],{"id":77907},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77910,70869],{},[20,77912,77913],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[288,77915,2221],{"id":2220},[40,77917,77918,77923,77928,77932,77936,77940],{},[43,77919,77920],{},[56,77921,77922],{"href":51113},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[43,77924,77925],{},[56,77926,77927],{"href":57289},"How to create a list in Python",[43,77929,77930],{},[56,77931,15077],{"href":57355},[43,77933,77934],{},[56,77935,74945],{"href":74944},[43,77937,77938],{},[56,77939,77879],{"href":77878},[43,77941,77942],{},[56,77943,69397],{"href":69396},[20,77945,77946,77947,77949],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77948,42491],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2250,77951,77952],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":77954},[77955,77956,77957,77958,77959,77960,77963,77967,77975,77976,77984],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":75728,"depth":124,"text":75729},{"id":75891,"depth":124,"text":75892},{"id":76153,"depth":124,"text":76154},{"id":76447,"depth":124,"text":76448},{"id":76693,"depth":124,"text":76694,"children":77961},[77962],{"id":76951,"depth":139,"text":76952},{"id":77005,"depth":124,"text":77006,"children":77964},[77965,77966],{"id":77012,"depth":139,"text":77013},{"id":77073,"depth":139,"text":77074},{"id":77280,"depth":124,"text":15289,"children":77968},[77969,77970,77971,77972,77974],{"id":77309,"depth":139,"text":77310},{"id":77398,"depth":139,"text":77399},{"id":77460,"depth":139,"text":77461},{"id":77576,"depth":139,"text":77973},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77703,"depth":139,"text":77704},{"id":77745,"depth":124,"text":77746},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":77977},[77978,77979,77980,77982],{"id":77885,"depth":139,"text":77886},{"id":77892,"depth":139,"text":77893},{"id":77899,"depth":139,"text":77981},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77907,"depth":139,"text":77983},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75551,"description":77985},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77992,"title":77993,"body":77994,"description":80063,"extension":2292,"meta":80064,"navigation":142,"path":80065,"seo":80066,"stem":80067,"__hash__":80068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77995,"toc":80029},[77996,78001,78007,78013,78015,78062,78069,78074,78078,78093,78096,78149,78151,78176,78181,78183,78215,78218,78234,78236,78297,78299,78324,78328,78333,78386,78388,78413,78418,78479,78481,78506,78509,78516,78520,78523,78584,78586,78619,78622,78683,78685,78718,78724,78797,78799,78831,78838,78843,78848,78850,78862,78865,78943,78945,78986,78989,79063,79065,79098,79103,79110,79117,79121,79130,79134,79142,79144,79211,79213,79249,79254,79265,79267,79272,79277,79279,79342,79344,79369,79376,79381,79385,79388,79428,79433,79439,79444,79446,79473,79478,79481,79528,79530,79587,79594,79599,79605,79674,79678,79681,79744,79746,79779,79784,79786,79789,79870,79872,79896,79902,79904,79909,79913,79920,79928,79932,79934,79957,79961,79963,79990,79993,80000,80003,80005,80026],[10,77997,54477,77999,11428],{"id":77998},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78000,64449],{},[20,78002,78003,78006],{},[15,78004,78005],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78008,78009,78010,78012],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78011,64449],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[288,78014,2334],{"id":2333},[62,78016,78018],{"className":64,"code":78017,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78019,78020,78040,78050],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78021,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78023,3950],{"class":77},[71,78025,82],{"class":81},[71,78027,1740],{"class":89},[71,78029,640],{"class":117},[71,78031,109],{"class":89},[71,78033,165],{"class":117},[71,78035,109],{"class":89},[71,78037,183],{"class":117},[71,78039,1757],{"class":89},[71,78041,78042,78044,78046,78048],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78043,3980],{"class":77},[71,78045,60],{"class":89},[71,78047,34923],{"class":133},[71,78049,369],{"class":89},[71,78051,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78053,128],{"class":127},[71,78055,90],{"class":89},[71,78057,3980],{"class":133},[71,78059,3993],{"class":89},[71,78061,55067],{"class":1439},[20,78063,283,78064,78066,78067,60],{},[15,78065,78005],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78068,4110],{},[288,78070,291,78072,294],{"id":78071},"what-listsort-does",[15,78073,78005],{},[20,78075,78076,228],{},[15,78077,78005],{},[40,78079,78080,78083,78086,78090],{},[43,78081,78082],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[43,78084,78085],{},"Changes the original list",[43,78087,11530,78088],{},[15,78089,4110],{},[43,78091,78092],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78094,78095],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[62,78097,78099],{"className":64,"code":78098,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78100,78101,78125,78135,78139],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78102,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78104,3950],{"class":77},[71,78106,82],{"class":81},[71,78108,1740],{"class":89},[71,78110,2466],{"class":117},[71,78112,109],{"class":89},[71,78114,183],{"class":117},[71,78116,109],{"class":89},[71,78118,54271],{"class":117},[71,78120,109],{"class":89},[71,78122,165],{"class":117},[71,78124,1757],{"class":89},[71,78126,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78128,3980],{"class":77},[71,78130,60],{"class":89},[71,78132,34923],{"class":133},[71,78134,369],{"class":89},[71,78136,78137],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78138,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,78140,78141,78143,78145,78147],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,78142,128],{"class":127},[71,78144,90],{"class":89},[71,78146,3980],{"class":133},[71,78148,121],{"class":89},[20,78150,209],{},[62,78152,78154],{"className":64,"code":78153,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78155,78156],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78157,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78159,4234],{"class":89},[71,78161,3320],{"class":117},[71,78163,109],{"class":89},[71,78165,183],{"class":117},[71,78167,109],{"class":89},[71,78169,4941],{"class":117},[71,78171,109],{"class":89},[71,78173,54271],{"class":117},[71,78175,1757],{"class":89},[20,78177,78178,78179,60],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[56,78180,67215],{"href":51113},[288,78182,343],{"id":342},[62,78184,78186],{"className":64,"code":78185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78187,78188],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78189,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78209,78211,78213],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78191,8679],{"class":77},[71,78193,60],{"class":89},[71,78195,34923],{"class":133},[71,78197,90],{"class":89},[71,78199,14953],{"class":93},[71,78201,82],{"class":81},[71,78203,4110],{"class":4184},[71,78205,109],{"class":89},[71,78207,78208],{"class":93}," reverse",[71,78210,82],{"class":81},[71,78212,4006],{"class":4184},[71,78214,121],{"class":89},[20,78216,78217],{},"Main arguments:",[40,78219,78220,78225,78231],{},[43,78221,78222,78224],{},[15,78223,14953],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[43,78226,78227,78230],{},[15,78228,78229],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[43,78232,78233],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78235,2537],{},[62,78237,78239],{"className":64,"code":78238,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78240,78241,78265,78283,78287],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78242,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78244,3950],{"class":77},[71,78246,82],{"class":81},[71,78248,1740],{"class":89},[71,78250,2836],{"class":117},[71,78252,109],{"class":89},[71,78254,165],{"class":117},[71,78256,109],{"class":89},[71,78258,6330],{"class":117},[71,78260,109],{"class":89},[71,78262,183],{"class":117},[71,78264,1757],{"class":89},[71,78266,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78268,3980],{"class":77},[71,78270,60],{"class":89},[71,78272,34923],{"class":133},[71,78274,90],{"class":89},[71,78276,73715],{"class":93},[71,78278,82],{"class":81},[71,78280,3935],{"class":4184},[71,78282,121],{"class":89},[71,78284,78285],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78286,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,78288,78289,78291,78293,78295],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,78290,128],{"class":127},[71,78292,90],{"class":89},[71,78294,3980],{"class":133},[71,78296,121],{"class":89},[20,78298,209],{},[62,78300,78302],{"className":64,"code":78301,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78303,78304],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78305,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78307,4234],{"class":89},[71,78309,2356],{"class":117},[71,78311,109],{"class":89},[71,78313,2788],{"class":117},[71,78315,109],{"class":89},[71,78317,183],{"class":117},[71,78319,109],{"class":89},[71,78321,165],{"class":117},[71,78323,1757],{"class":89},[288,78325,78327],{"id":78326},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78329,283,78330,78332],{},[15,78331,64449],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[62,78334,78336],{"className":64,"code":78335,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78337,78338,78362,78372,78376],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78339,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78341,3950],{"class":77},[71,78343,82],{"class":81},[71,78345,1740],{"class":89},[71,78347,2661],{"class":117},[71,78349,109],{"class":89},[71,78351,701],{"class":117},[71,78353,109],{"class":89},[71,78355,6697],{"class":117},[71,78357,109],{"class":89},[71,78359,165],{"class":117},[71,78361,1757],{"class":89},[71,78363,78364,78366,78368,78370],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78365,3980],{"class":77},[71,78367,60],{"class":89},[71,78369,34923],{"class":133},[71,78371,369],{"class":89},[71,78373,78374],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78375,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,78377,78378,78380,78382,78384],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,78379,128],{"class":127},[71,78381,90],{"class":89},[71,78383,3980],{"class":133},[71,78385,121],{"class":89},[20,78387,209],{},[62,78389,78391],{"className":64,"code":78390,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78392,78393],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78394,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407,78409,78411],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78396,4234],{"class":89},[71,78398,3320],{"class":117},[71,78400,109],{"class":89},[71,78402,701],{"class":117},[71,78404,109],{"class":89},[71,78406,6697],{"class":117},[71,78408,109],{"class":89},[71,78410,6341],{"class":117},[71,78412,1757],{"class":89},[20,78414,283,78415,78417],{},[15,78416,78229],{}," for descending order:",[62,78419,78421],{"className":64,"code":78420,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78422,78423,78447,78465,78469],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78424,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78426,3950],{"class":77},[71,78428,82],{"class":81},[71,78430,1740],{"class":89},[71,78432,2661],{"class":117},[71,78434,109],{"class":89},[71,78436,701],{"class":117},[71,78438,109],{"class":89},[71,78440,6697],{"class":117},[71,78442,109],{"class":89},[71,78444,165],{"class":117},[71,78446,1757],{"class":89},[71,78448,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78450,3980],{"class":77},[71,78452,60],{"class":89},[71,78454,34923],{"class":133},[71,78456,90],{"class":89},[71,78458,73715],{"class":93},[71,78460,82],{"class":81},[71,78462,3935],{"class":4184},[71,78464,121],{"class":89},[71,78466,78467],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78468,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,78470,78471,78473,78475,78477],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,78472,128],{"class":127},[71,78474,90],{"class":89},[71,78476,3980],{"class":133},[71,78478,121],{"class":89},[20,78480,209],{},[62,78482,78484],{"className":64,"code":78483,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78485,78486],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78487,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78489,4234],{"class":89},[71,78491,2661],{"class":117},[71,78493,109],{"class":89},[71,78495,6697],{"class":117},[71,78497,109],{"class":89},[71,78499,701],{"class":117},[71,78501,109],{"class":89},[71,78503,165],{"class":117},[71,78505,1757],{"class":89},[20,78507,78508],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78510,78511,78512,60],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[56,78513,78515],{"href":78514},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[288,78517,78519],{"id":78518},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78521,78522],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[62,78524,78526],{"className":64,"code":78525,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78527,78528,78560,78570,78574],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78531,4405],{"class":77},[71,78533,82],{"class":81},[71,78535,1740],{"class":89},[71,78537,3184],{"class":99},[71,78539,4423],{"class":103},[71,78541,3184],{"class":99},[71,78543,109],{"class":89},[71,78545,3683],{"class":99},[71,78547,4414],{"class":103},[71,78549,3184],{"class":99},[71,78551,109],{"class":89},[71,78553,3683],{"class":99},[71,78555,4432],{"class":103},[71,78557,3184],{"class":99},[71,78559,1757],{"class":89},[71,78561,78562,78564,78566,78568],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78563,4449],{"class":77},[71,78565,60],{"class":89},[71,78567,34923],{"class":133},[71,78569,369],{"class":89},[71,78571,78572],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78573,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,78575,78576,78578,78580,78582],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,78577,128],{"class":127},[71,78579,90],{"class":89},[71,78581,4449],{"class":133},[71,78583,121],{"class":89},[20,78585,209],{},[62,78587,78589],{"className":64,"code":78588,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78590,78591],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78592,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78594,4234],{"class":89},[71,78596,100],{"class":99},[71,78598,4414],{"class":103},[71,78600,100],{"class":99},[71,78602,109],{"class":89},[71,78604,231],{"class":99},[71,78606,4423],{"class":103},[71,78608,100],{"class":99},[71,78610,109],{"class":89},[71,78612,231],{"class":99},[71,78614,4432],{"class":103},[71,78616,100],{"class":99},[71,78618,1757],{"class":89},[20,78620,78621],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[62,78623,78625],{"className":64,"code":78624,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78626,78627,78659,78669,78673],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78628,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78630,4405],{"class":77},[71,78632,82],{"class":81},[71,78634,1740],{"class":89},[71,78636,3184],{"class":99},[71,78638,4423],{"class":103},[71,78640,3184],{"class":99},[71,78642,109],{"class":89},[71,78644,3683],{"class":99},[71,78646,57904],{"class":103},[71,78648,3184],{"class":99},[71,78650,109],{"class":89},[71,78652,3683],{"class":99},[71,78654,4432],{"class":103},[71,78656,3184],{"class":99},[71,78658,1757],{"class":89},[71,78660,78661,78663,78665,78667],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78662,4449],{"class":77},[71,78664,60],{"class":89},[71,78666,34923],{"class":133},[71,78668,369],{"class":89},[71,78670,78671],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78672,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,78674,78675,78677,78679,78681],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,78676,128],{"class":127},[71,78678,90],{"class":89},[71,78680,4449],{"class":133},[71,78682,121],{"class":89},[20,78684,209],{},[62,78686,78688],{"className":64,"code":78687,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78689,78690],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78691,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78693,4234],{"class":89},[71,78695,100],{"class":99},[71,78697,57904],{"class":103},[71,78699,100],{"class":99},[71,78701,109],{"class":89},[71,78703,231],{"class":99},[71,78705,4423],{"class":103},[71,78707,100],{"class":99},[71,78709,109],{"class":89},[71,78711,231],{"class":99},[71,78713,4432],{"class":103},[71,78715,100],{"class":99},[71,78717,1757],{"class":89},[20,78719,78720,78721,228],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78722,78723],{},"key=str.lower",[62,78725,78727],{"className":64,"code":78726,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78728,78729,78761,78783,78787],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78730,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78732,4405],{"class":77},[71,78734,82],{"class":81},[71,78736,1740],{"class":89},[71,78738,3184],{"class":99},[71,78740,4423],{"class":103},[71,78742,3184],{"class":99},[71,78744,109],{"class":89},[71,78746,3683],{"class":99},[71,78748,57904],{"class":103},[71,78750,3184],{"class":99},[71,78752,109],{"class":89},[71,78754,3683],{"class":99},[71,78756,4432],{"class":103},[71,78758,3184],{"class":99},[71,78760,1757],{"class":89},[71,78762,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78764,4449],{"class":77},[71,78766,60],{"class":89},[71,78768,34923],{"class":133},[71,78770,90],{"class":89},[71,78772,14953],{"class":93},[71,78774,82],{"class":81},[71,78776,3775],{"class":85},[71,78778,60],{"class":89},[71,78780,8982],{"class":24868},[71,78782,121],{"class":89},[71,78784,78785],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78786,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,78788,78789,78791,78793,78795],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,78790,128],{"class":127},[71,78792,90],{"class":89},[71,78794,4449],{"class":133},[71,78796,121],{"class":89},[20,78798,209],{},[62,78800,78801],{"className":64,"code":78687,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,78802,78803],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78804,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78806,4234],{"class":89},[71,78808,100],{"class":99},[71,78810,57904],{"class":103},[71,78812,100],{"class":99},[71,78814,109],{"class":89},[71,78816,231],{"class":99},[71,78818,4423],{"class":103},[71,78820,100],{"class":99},[71,78822,109],{"class":89},[71,78824,231],{"class":99},[71,78826,4432],{"class":103},[71,78828,100],{"class":99},[71,78830,1757],{"class":89},[20,78832,78833,78834,78837],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78835,78836],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[288,78839,36739,78841,36742],{"id":78840},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78842,14953],{},[20,78844,2309,78845,78847],{},[15,78846,14953],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78849,7683],{},[40,78851,78852,78857],{},[43,78853,78854,78856],{},[15,78855,2139],{}," to sort by length",[43,78858,78859,78861],{},[15,78860,78836],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78863,78864],{},"Sort words by length:",[62,78866,78868],{"className":64,"code":78867,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78869,78870,78911,78929,78933],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78871,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78873,4405],{"class":77},[71,78875,82],{"class":81},[71,78877,1740],{"class":89},[71,78879,3184],{"class":99},[71,78881,78882],{"class":103},"pear",[71,78884,3184],{"class":99},[71,78886,109],{"class":89},[71,78888,3683],{"class":99},[71,78890,4423],{"class":103},[71,78892,3184],{"class":99},[71,78894,109],{"class":89},[71,78896,3683],{"class":99},[71,78898,38486],{"class":103},[71,78900,3184],{"class":99},[71,78902,109],{"class":89},[71,78904,3683],{"class":99},[71,78906,4414],{"class":103},[71,78908,3184],{"class":99},[71,78910,1757],{"class":89},[71,78912,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,78914,4449],{"class":77},[71,78916,60],{"class":89},[71,78918,34923],{"class":133},[71,78920,90],{"class":89},[71,78922,14953],{"class":93},[71,78924,82],{"class":81},[71,78926,2139],{"class":127},[71,78928,121],{"class":89},[71,78930,78931],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,78932,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,78934,78935,78937,78939,78941],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,78936,128],{"class":127},[71,78938,90],{"class":89},[71,78940,4449],{"class":133},[71,78942,121],{"class":89},[20,78944,209],{},[62,78946,78948],{"className":64,"code":78947,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78949,78950],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78951,78952,78954,78956,78958,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78953,4234],{"class":89},[71,78955,100],{"class":99},[71,78957,38486],{"class":103},[71,78959,100],{"class":99},[71,78961,109],{"class":89},[71,78963,231],{"class":99},[71,78965,78882],{"class":103},[71,78967,100],{"class":99},[71,78969,109],{"class":89},[71,78971,231],{"class":99},[71,78973,4414],{"class":103},[71,78975,100],{"class":99},[71,78977,109],{"class":89},[71,78979,231],{"class":99},[71,78981,4423],{"class":103},[71,78983,100],{"class":99},[71,78985,1757],{"class":89},[20,78987,78988],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[62,78990,78992],{"className":64,"code":78991,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78993,78994,79027,79049,79053],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,78995,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020,79023,79025],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,78997,4405],{"class":77},[71,78999,82],{"class":81},[71,79001,1740],{"class":89},[71,79003,3184],{"class":99},[71,79005,5349],{"class":103},[71,79007,3184],{"class":99},[71,79009,109],{"class":89},[71,79011,3683],{"class":99},[71,79013,17918],{"class":103},[71,79015,3184],{"class":99},[71,79017,109],{"class":89},[71,79019,3683],{"class":99},[71,79021,79022],{"class":103},"Carol",[71,79024,3184],{"class":99},[71,79026,1757],{"class":89},[71,79028,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79030,4449],{"class":77},[71,79032,60],{"class":89},[71,79034,34923],{"class":133},[71,79036,90],{"class":89},[71,79038,14953],{"class":93},[71,79040,82],{"class":81},[71,79042,3775],{"class":85},[71,79044,60],{"class":89},[71,79046,8982],{"class":24868},[71,79048,121],{"class":89},[71,79050,79051],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,79052,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,79054,79055,79057,79059,79061],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,79056,128],{"class":127},[71,79058,90],{"class":89},[71,79060,4449],{"class":133},[71,79062,121],{"class":89},[20,79064,209],{},[62,79066,79068],{"className":64,"code":79067,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79069,79070],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79071,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090,79092,79094,79096],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79073,4234],{"class":89},[71,79075,100],{"class":99},[71,79077,17918],{"class":103},[71,79079,100],{"class":99},[71,79081,109],{"class":89},[71,79083,231],{"class":99},[71,79085,5349],{"class":103},[71,79087,100],{"class":99},[71,79089,109],{"class":89},[71,79091,231],{"class":99},[71,79093,79022],{"class":103},[71,79095,100],{"class":99},[71,79097,1757],{"class":89},[20,79099,2309,79100,79102],{},[15,79101,14953],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[288,79104,79106,1552,79108],{"id":79105},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79107,78005],{},[15,79109,74562],{},[20,79111,79112,1560,79114,79116],{},[15,79113,78005],{},[15,79115,74562],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79118,79119,228],{},[15,79120,78005],{},[40,79122,79123,79126],{},[43,79124,79125],{},"Changes the existing list",[43,79127,11530,79128],{},[15,79129,4110],{},[20,79131,79132,228],{},[15,79133,74562],{},[40,79135,79136,79139],{},[43,79137,79138],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[43,79140,79141],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79143,2537],{},[62,79145,79147],{"className":64,"code":79146,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79148,79149,79169,79173,79187,79191,79201],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79150,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79152,3950],{"class":77},[71,79154,82],{"class":81},[71,79156,1740],{"class":89},[71,79158,640],{"class":117},[71,79160,109],{"class":89},[71,79162,165],{"class":117},[71,79164,109],{"class":89},[71,79166,183],{"class":117},[71,79168,1757],{"class":89},[71,79170,79171],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79172,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,79174,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,79176,56025],{"class":77},[71,79178,82],{"class":81},[71,79180,74696],{"class":127},[71,79182,90],{"class":89},[71,79184,3980],{"class":133},[71,79186,121],{"class":89},[71,79188,79189],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,79190,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,79192,79193,79195,79197,79199],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,79194,128],{"class":127},[71,79196,90],{"class":89},[71,79198,3980],{"class":133},[71,79200,121],{"class":89},[71,79202,79203,79205,79207,79209],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,79204,128],{"class":127},[71,79206,90],{"class":89},[71,79208,74419],{"class":133},[71,79210,121],{"class":89},[20,79212,209],{},[62,79214,79215],{"className":64,"code":74731,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,79216,79217,79233],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79218,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79220,4234],{"class":89},[71,79222,640],{"class":117},[71,79224,109],{"class":89},[71,79226,165],{"class":117},[71,79228,109],{"class":89},[71,79230,183],{"class":117},[71,79232,1757],{"class":89},[71,79234,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79236,4234],{"class":89},[71,79238,3320],{"class":117},[71,79240,109],{"class":89},[71,79242,183],{"class":117},[71,79244,109],{"class":89},[71,79246,701],{"class":117},[71,79248,1757],{"class":89},[20,79250,283,79251,79253],{},[15,79252,74562],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79255,79256,79257,1560,79261,60],{},"You can learn more in ",[56,79258,13,79259,6119],{"href":74659},[15,79260,74562],{},[56,79262,79264],{"href":79263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[288,79266,2054],{"id":2053},[20,79268,79269,79270,60],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79271,78005],{},[350,79273,12703,79275],{"id":79274},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79276,64449],{},[20,79278,25809],{},[62,79280,79282],{"className":64,"code":79281,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79283,79284,79304,79318,79322,79332],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79285,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79287,3950],{"class":77},[71,79289,82],{"class":81},[71,79291,1740],{"class":89},[71,79293,640],{"class":117},[71,79295,109],{"class":89},[71,79297,165],{"class":117},[71,79299,109],{"class":89},[71,79301,183],{"class":117},[71,79303,1757],{"class":89},[71,79305,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79307,1102],{"class":77},[71,79309,82],{"class":81},[71,79311,4599],{"class":77},[71,79313,60],{"class":89},[71,79315,34923],{"class":133},[71,79317,369],{"class":89},[71,79319,79320],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,79321,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,79323,79324,79326,79328,79330],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,79325,128],{"class":127},[71,79327,90],{"class":89},[71,79329,2594],{"class":133},[71,79331,121],{"class":89},[71,79333,79334,79336,79338,79340],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,79335,128],{"class":127},[71,79337,90],{"class":89},[71,79339,3980],{"class":133},[71,79341,121],{"class":89},[20,79343,209],{},[62,79345,79347],{"className":64,"code":79346,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79348,79349,79353],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79350,79351],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79352,11916],{"class":4184},[71,79354,79355,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79356,4234],{"class":89},[71,79358,3320],{"class":117},[71,79360,109],{"class":89},[71,79362,183],{"class":117},[71,79364,109],{"class":89},[71,79366,701],{"class":117},[71,79368,1757],{"class":89},[20,79370,79371,79373,79374,60],{},[15,79372,64449],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79375,4110],{},[20,79377,79378,79379,6970],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79380,74562],{},[350,79382,79384],{"id":79383},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79386,79387],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[62,79389,79391],{"className":64,"code":79390,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79392,79393,79418],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79394,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79410,79412,79414,79416],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79396,1735],{"class":77},[71,79398,82],{"class":81},[71,79400,1740],{"class":89},[71,79402,3320],{"class":117},[71,79404,109],{"class":89},[71,79406,3683],{"class":99},[71,79408,79409],{"class":103},"two",[71,79411,3184],{"class":99},[71,79413,109],{"class":89},[71,79415,701],{"class":117},[71,79417,1757],{"class":89},[71,79419,79420,79422,79424,79426],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79421,1770],{"class":77},[71,79423,60],{"class":89},[71,79425,34923],{"class":133},[71,79427,369],{"class":89},[20,79429,3334,79430,79432],{},[15,79431,3337],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[350,79434,5041,79436,79438],{"id":79435},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79437,64449],{}," only works on lists",[20,79440,79441,79443],{},[15,79442,64449],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79445,16757],{},[62,79447,79449],{"className":64,"code":79448,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79450,79451,79463],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79452,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79454,34811],{"class":77},[71,79456,82],{"class":81},[71,79458,3683],{"class":99},[71,79460,66],{"class":103},[71,79462,3689],{"class":99},[71,79464,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79466,34832],{"class":77},[71,79468,60],{"class":89},[71,79470,34923],{"class":133},[71,79472,369],{"class":89},[20,79474,79475,79476,33723],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79477,64449],{},[20,79479,79480],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[62,79482,79484],{"className":64,"code":79483,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79485,79486,79504,79514,79518],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79487,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79489,36216],{"class":77},[71,79491,82],{"class":81},[71,79493,22677],{"class":85},[71,79495,90],{"class":89},[71,79497,3184],{"class":99},[71,79499,66],{"class":103},[71,79501,3184],{"class":99},[71,79503,121],{"class":89},[71,79505,79506,79508,79510,79512],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79507,36269],{"class":77},[71,79509,60],{"class":89},[71,79511,34923],{"class":133},[71,79513,369],{"class":89},[71,79515,79516],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,79517,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,79519,79520,79522,79524,79526],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,79521,128],{"class":127},[71,79523,90],{"class":89},[71,79525,36269],{"class":133},[71,79527,121],{"class":89},[20,79529,209],{},[62,79531,79533],{"className":64,"code":79532,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79534,79535],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79536,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79538,4234],{"class":89},[71,79540,100],{"class":99},[71,79542,60575],{"class":103},[71,79544,100],{"class":99},[71,79546,109],{"class":89},[71,79548,231],{"class":99},[71,79550,76168],{"class":103},[71,79552,100],{"class":99},[71,79554,109],{"class":89},[71,79556,231],{"class":99},[71,79558,60610],{"class":103},[71,79560,100],{"class":99},[71,79562,109],{"class":89},[71,79564,231],{"class":99},[71,79566,20],{"class":103},[71,79568,100],{"class":99},[71,79570,109],{"class":89},[71,79572,231],{"class":99},[71,79574,63424],{"class":103},[71,79576,100],{"class":99},[71,79578,109],{"class":89},[71,79580,231],{"class":99},[71,79582,11853],{"class":103},[71,79584,100],{"class":99},[71,79586,1757],{"class":89},[350,79588,79590,79591,79593],{"id":79589},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79592,14953],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79595,79596,79597,60],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79598,14953],{},[20,79600,79601,79602,79604],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79603,64449],{}," will not do that:",[62,79606,79608],{"className":64,"code":79607,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79609,79610,79642,79660,79664],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79611,79612,79614,79616,79618,79620,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79613,4405],{"class":77},[71,79615,82],{"class":81},[71,79617,1740],{"class":89},[71,79619,3184],{"class":99},[71,79621,4423],{"class":103},[71,79623,3184],{"class":99},[71,79625,109],{"class":89},[71,79627,3683],{"class":99},[71,79629,38486],{"class":103},[71,79631,3184],{"class":99},[71,79633,109],{"class":89},[71,79635,3683],{"class":99},[71,79637,4414],{"class":103},[71,79639,3184],{"class":99},[71,79641,1757],{"class":89},[71,79643,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79645,4449],{"class":77},[71,79647,60],{"class":89},[71,79649,34923],{"class":133},[71,79651,90],{"class":89},[71,79653,14953],{"class":93},[71,79655,82],{"class":81},[71,79657,2139],{"class":127},[71,79659,121],{"class":89},[71,79661,79662],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,79663,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,79665,79666,79668,79670,79672],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,79667,128],{"class":127},[71,79669,90],{"class":89},[71,79671,4449],{"class":133},[71,79673,121],{"class":89},[350,79675,79677],{"id":79676},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79679,79680],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[62,79682,79684],{"className":64,"code":79683,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79685,79686,79720,79730,79734],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79687,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713,79716,79718],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79689,4405],{"class":77},[71,79691,82],{"class":81},[71,79693,1740],{"class":89},[71,79695,3184],{"class":99},[71,79697,79698],{"class":103},"zebra",[71,79700,3184],{"class":99},[71,79702,109],{"class":89},[71,79704,3683],{"class":99},[71,79706,57904],{"class":103},[71,79708,3184],{"class":99},[71,79710,109],{"class":89},[71,79712,3683],{"class":99},[71,79714,79715],{"class":103},"monkey",[71,79717,3184],{"class":99},[71,79719,1757],{"class":89},[71,79721,79722,79724,79726,79728],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79723,4449],{"class":77},[71,79725,60],{"class":89},[71,79727,34923],{"class":133},[71,79729,369],{"class":89},[71,79731,79732],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,79733,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,79735,79736,79738,79740,79742],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,79737,128],{"class":127},[71,79739,90],{"class":89},[71,79741,4449],{"class":133},[71,79743,121],{"class":89},[20,79745,209],{},[62,79747,79749],{"className":64,"code":79748,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79750,79751],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79752,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79754,4234],{"class":89},[71,79756,100],{"class":99},[71,79758,57904],{"class":103},[71,79760,100],{"class":99},[71,79762,109],{"class":89},[71,79764,231],{"class":99},[71,79766,79715],{"class":103},[71,79768,100],{"class":99},[71,79770,109],{"class":89},[71,79772,231],{"class":99},[71,79774,79698],{"class":103},[71,79776,100],{"class":99},[71,79778,1757],{"class":89},[20,79780,283,79781,79783],{},[15,79782,78723],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[350,79785,60847],{"id":60846},[20,79787,79788],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[62,79790,79792],{"className":64,"code":79791,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79793,79794,79804,79818,79832,79846],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79795,79796,79798,79800,79802],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79797,128],{"class":127},[71,79799,90],{"class":89},[71,79801,8679],{"class":133},[71,79803,121],{"class":89},[71,79805,79806,79808,79810,79812,79814,79816],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,79807,128],{"class":127},[71,79809,90],{"class":89},[71,79811,735],{"class":85},[71,79813,90],{"class":89},[71,79815,8679],{"class":133},[71,79817,204],{"class":89},[71,79819,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,79821,128],{"class":127},[71,79823,90],{"class":89},[71,79825,8679],{"class":133},[71,79827,60],{"class":89},[71,79829,34923],{"class":133},[71,79831,7534],{"class":89},[71,79833,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,79835,128],{"class":127},[71,79837,90],{"class":89},[71,79839,74652],{"class":127},[71,79841,90],{"class":89},[71,79843,8679],{"class":133},[71,79845,204],{"class":89},[71,79847,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862,79864,79866,79868],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,79849,128],{"class":127},[71,79851,3317],{"class":89},[71,79853,735],{"class":85},[71,79855,90],{"class":89},[71,79857,23428],{"class":133},[71,79859,3993],{"class":89},[71,79861,4210],{"class":4209},[71,79863,6297],{"class":133},[71,79865,4216],{"class":4209},[71,79867,8736],{"class":133},[71,79869,4222],{"class":89},[20,79871,2148],{},[40,79873,79874,79877,79880,79887,79893],{},[43,79875,79876],{},"What values are in the list",[43,79878,79879],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[43,79881,79882,79883,2728,79885],{},"That ",[15,79884,64449],{},[15,79886,4110],{},[43,79888,79889,79890,79892],{},"Whether ",[15,79891,74562],{}," works better for your case",[43,79894,79895],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79897,79898,79899,79901],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79900,3337],{}," problems.",[288,79903,2163],{"id":2162},[350,79905,12813,79907,55604],{"id":79906},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79908,78005],{},[20,79910,62740,79911,60],{},[15,79912,4110],{},[350,79914,2167,79916,1560,79918,2172],{"id":79915},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79917,64449],{},[15,79919,74562],{},[20,79921,79922,79924,79925,79927],{},[15,79923,64449],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79926,74562],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[350,79929,79931],{"id":79930},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79933,18810],{},[62,79935,79937],{"className":64,"code":79936,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79938,79939],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79940,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951,79953,79955],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79942,8679],{"class":77},[71,79944,60],{"class":89},[71,79946,34923],{"class":133},[71,79948,90],{"class":89},[71,79950,73715],{"class":93},[71,79952,82],{"class":81},[71,79954,3935],{"class":4184},[71,79956,121],{"class":89},[350,79958,79960],{"id":79959},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79962,18810],{},[62,79964,79966],{"className":64,"code":79965,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79967,79968],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,79969,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,79971,8679],{"class":77},[71,79973,60],{"class":89},[71,79975,34923],{"class":133},[71,79977,90],{"class":89},[71,79979,14953],{"class":93},[71,79981,82],{"class":81},[71,79983,3775],{"class":85},[71,79985,60],{"class":89},[71,79987,8982],{"class":24868},[71,79989,121],{"class":89},[20,79991,79992],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[350,79994,79996,79997,79999],{"id":79995},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79998,3337],{}," when sorting?",[20,80001,80002],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[288,80004,2221],{"id":2220},[40,80006,80007,80012,80018,80022],{},[43,80008,80009],{},[56,80010,80011],{"href":78514},"How to sort a list in Python",[43,80013,80014],{},[56,80015,13,80016,6119],{"href":74659},[15,80017,74562],{},[43,80019,80020],{},[56,80021,67215],{"href":51113},[43,80023,80024],{},[56,80025,79264],{"href":79263},[2250,80027,80028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":80030},[80031,80032,80034,80035,80036,80037,80039,80041,80052,80062],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":78071,"depth":124,"text":80033},"What list.sort() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":78326,"depth":124,"text":78327},{"id":78518,"depth":124,"text":78519},{"id":78840,"depth":124,"text":80038},"Using the key argument",{"id":79105,"depth":124,"text":80040},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":80042},[80043,80045,80046,80048,80050,80051],{"id":79274,"depth":139,"text":80044},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79383,"depth":139,"text":79384},{"id":79435,"depth":139,"text":80047},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79589,"depth":139,"text":80049},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79676,"depth":139,"text":79677},{"id":60846,"depth":139,"text":60847},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":80053},[80054,80056,80058,80059,80060],{"id":79906,"depth":139,"text":80055},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79915,"depth":139,"text":80057},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79930,"depth":139,"text":79931},{"id":79959,"depth":139,"text":79960},{"id":79995,"depth":139,"text":80061},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77993,"description":80063},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80070,"title":80071,"body":80072,"description":82703,"extension":2292,"meta":82704,"navigation":142,"path":82705,"seo":82706,"stem":82707,"__hash__":82708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80073,"toc":82662},[80074,80079,80084,80087,80098,80101,80121,80123,80185,80187,80228,80237,80242,80247,80253,80264,80266,80285,80288,80293,80298,80300,80305,80319,80321,80339,80342,80359,80362,80368,80391,80396,80398,80401,80462,80464,80497,80499,80538,80546,80556,80562,80567,80660,80662,80686,80688,80706,80709,80740,80746,80751,80754,80756,80881,80883,80907,80909,80928,80934,80940,81059,81061,81078,81085,81091,81096,81103,81109,81111,81168,81171,81192,81195,81198,81259,81261,81294,81298,81368,81370,81387,81391,81394,81469,81471,81508,81511,81514,81585,81587,81648,81653,81658,81661,81675,81677,81750,81752,81772,81775,81778,81835,81897,81900,81932,81935,81950,81955,81957,81963,81966,82022,82025,82027,82046,82050,82052,82096,82105,82107,82167,82171,82174,82176,82269,82271,82386,82390,82392,82466,82469,82472,82474,82479,82544,82546,82570,82580,82582,82588,82597,82606,82615,82621,82624,82628,82631,82633,82659],[10,80075,13,80077,18],{"id":80076},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80078,39845],{},[20,80080,3913,80081,80083],{},[15,80082,39845],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80085,80086],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[40,80088,80089,80092,80095],{},[43,80090,80091],{},"converting numbers to strings",[43,80093,80094],{},"changing strings to integers",[43,80096,80097],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80099,80100],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[40,80102,80103,80110,80116],{},[43,80104,80105,14165,80107,80109],{},[15,80106,39845],{},[30,80108,4967],{}," return a list in Python 3",[43,80111,80112,80113],{},"it returns a ",[30,80114,80115],{},"map object",[43,80117,80118,80119],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80120,24899],{},[288,80122,2334],{"id":2333},[62,80124,80126],{"className":64,"code":80125,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80127,80128,80152,80171],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80129,80130,80132,80134,80136,80138,80140,80142,80144,80146,80148,80150],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80131,3950],{"class":77},[71,80133,82],{"class":81},[71,80135,1740],{"class":89},[71,80137,3320],{"class":117},[71,80139,109],{"class":89},[71,80141,183],{"class":117},[71,80143,109],{"class":89},[71,80145,701],{"class":117},[71,80147,109],{"class":89},[71,80149,2788],{"class":117},[71,80151,1757],{"class":89},[71,80153,80154,80156,80158,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,80155,1102],{"class":77},[71,80157,82],{"class":81},[71,80159,80160],{"class":127}," map",[71,80162,90],{"class":89},[71,80164,3775],{"class":85},[71,80166,109],{"class":89},[71,80168,4599],{"class":133},[71,80170,121],{"class":89},[71,80172,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,80174,128],{"class":127},[71,80176,90],{"class":89},[71,80178,8433],{"class":85},[71,80180,90],{"class":89},[71,80182,2594],{"class":133},[71,80184,204],{"class":89},[20,80186,209],{},[62,80188,80190],{"className":64,"code":80189,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80191,80192],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80193,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80195,4234],{"class":89},[71,80197,100],{"class":99},[71,80199,3320],{"class":103},[71,80201,100],{"class":99},[71,80203,109],{"class":89},[71,80205,231],{"class":99},[71,80207,630],{"class":103},[71,80209,100],{"class":99},[71,80211,109],{"class":89},[71,80213,231],{"class":99},[71,80215,640],{"class":103},[71,80217,100],{"class":99},[71,80219,109],{"class":89},[71,80221,231],{"class":99},[71,80223,2836],{"class":103},[71,80225,100],{"class":99},[71,80227,1757],{"class":89},[20,80229,283,80230,80233,80234,80236],{},[15,80231,80232],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80235,24899],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[288,80238,291,80240,294],{"id":80239},"what-map-does",[15,80241,39845],{},[20,80243,80244,80246],{},[15,80245,39845],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80248,80249,80250,80252],{},"An ",[30,80251,4052],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[40,80254,80255,80257,80259,80261],{},[43,80256,38029],{},[43,80258,38032],{},[43,80260,38035],{},[43,80262,80263],{},"a range object",[20,80265,30846],{},[62,80267,80269],{"className":64,"code":80268,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80270,80271],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80272,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80274,39988],{"class":127},[71,80276,90],{"class":89},[71,80278,37988],{"class":133},[71,80280,109],{"class":89},[71,80282,37993],{"class":133},[71,80284,121],{"class":89},[20,80286,80287],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80289,80290,80291,33864],{},"Important: the result is a ",[30,80292,80115],{},[20,80294,80295,80296,60],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[56,80297,5473],{"href":5472},[288,80299,343],{"id":342},[20,80301,80302,80304],{},[15,80303,39845],{}," needs at least two parts:",[40,80306,80307,80313],{},[43,80308,80309,80312],{},[30,80310,80311],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[43,80314,80315,80318],{},[30,80316,80317],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80320,4037],{},[62,80322,80323],{"className":64,"code":80268,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,80324,80325],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80326,80327,80329,80331,80333,80335,80337],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80328,39988],{"class":127},[71,80330,90],{"class":89},[71,80332,37988],{"class":133},[71,80334,109],{"class":89},[71,80336,37993],{"class":133},[71,80338,121],{"class":89},[20,80340,80341],{},"You can pass:",[40,80343,80344,80353,80356],{},[43,80345,80346,80347,2518,80349,2522,80351],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80348,3775],{},[15,80350,2517],{},[15,80352,2348],{},[43,80354,80355],{},"your own custom function",[43,80357,80358],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80360,80361],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80363,80364,80365,80367],{},"You will often see ",[15,80366,39845],{}," used like this:",[62,80369,80371],{"className":64,"code":80370,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80372,80373],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80374,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387,80389],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80376,8433],{"class":85},[71,80378,90],{"class":89},[71,80380,39988],{"class":127},[71,80382,90],{"class":89},[71,80384,37988],{"class":133},[71,80386,109],{"class":89},[71,80388,4219],{"class":133},[71,80390,204],{"class":89},[20,80392,7016,80393,80395],{},[15,80394,24899],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[288,80397,11582],{"id":11581},[20,80399,80400],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[62,80402,80404],{"className":64,"code":80403,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80405,80406,80426,80444,80448],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80407,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80409,3950],{"class":77},[71,80411,82],{"class":81},[71,80413,1740],{"class":89},[71,80415,2661],{"class":117},[71,80417,109],{"class":89},[71,80419,8129],{"class":117},[71,80421,109],{"class":89},[71,80423,8134],{"class":117},[71,80425,1757],{"class":89},[71,80427,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,80429,1102],{"class":77},[71,80431,82],{"class":81},[71,80433,80160],{"class":127},[71,80435,90],{"class":89},[71,80437,3775],{"class":85},[71,80439,109],{"class":89},[71,80441,4599],{"class":133},[71,80443,121],{"class":89},[71,80445,80446],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,80447,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,80449,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,80451,128],{"class":127},[71,80453,90],{"class":89},[71,80455,8433],{"class":85},[71,80457,90],{"class":89},[71,80459,2594],{"class":133},[71,80461,204],{"class":89},[20,80463,209],{},[62,80465,80467],{"className":64,"code":80466,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80468,80469],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80470,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80472,4234],{"class":89},[71,80474,100],{"class":99},[71,80476,2661],{"class":103},[71,80478,100],{"class":99},[71,80480,109],{"class":89},[71,80482,231],{"class":99},[71,80484,15867],{"class":103},[71,80486,100],{"class":99},[71,80488,109],{"class":89},[71,80490,231],{"class":99},[71,80492,36968],{"class":103},[71,80494,100],{"class":99},[71,80496,1757],{"class":89},[20,80498,11791],{},[40,80500,80501,80506,80514,80522,80530],{},[43,80502,80503,80505],{},[15,80504,3980],{}," contains integers",[43,80507,80508,80511,80512],{},[15,80509,80510],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80513,47816],{},[43,80515,80516,42285,80519],{},[15,80517,80518],{},"str(10)",[15,80520,80521],{},"'10'",[43,80523,80524,42285,80527],{},[15,80525,80526],{},"str(20)",[15,80528,80529],{},"'20'",[43,80531,80532,42285,80535],{},[15,80533,80534],{},"str(30)",[15,80536,80537],{},"'30'",[20,80539,53788,80540,80542,80543,80545],{},[15,80541,39845],{}," applies ",[15,80544,47816],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80547,80548,80549,80551,80552,60],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80550,24899],{}," better, see ",[56,80553,13,80554,3841],{"href":64985},[15,80555,24899],{},[288,80557,8758,80559,80561],{"id":80558},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80560,39845],{}," with your own function",[20,80563,15827,80564,80566],{},[15,80565,39845],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[62,80568,80570],{"className":64,"code":80569,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80571,80572,80585,80595,80599,80623,80642,80646],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80573,80574,80576,80579,80581,80583],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80575,34975],{"class":768},[71,80577,80578],{"class":34978}," double",[71,80580,90],{"class":89},[71,80582,1986],{"class":37790},[71,80584,8682],{"class":89},[71,80586,80587,80589,80591,80593],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,80588,34986],{"class":4209},[71,80590,4213],{"class":77},[71,80592,40001],{"class":81},[71,80594,45721],{"class":117},[71,80596,80597],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,80598,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,80600,80601,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,80602,3950],{"class":77},[71,80604,82],{"class":81},[71,80606,1740],{"class":89},[71,80608,3320],{"class":117},[71,80610,109],{"class":89},[71,80612,183],{"class":117},[71,80614,109],{"class":89},[71,80616,701],{"class":117},[71,80618,109],{"class":89},[71,80620,2788],{"class":117},[71,80622,1757],{"class":89},[71,80624,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633,80636,80638,80640],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,80626,1102],{"class":77},[71,80628,82],{"class":81},[71,80630,80160],{"class":127},[71,80632,90],{"class":89},[71,80634,80635],{"class":133},"double",[71,80637,109],{"class":89},[71,80639,4599],{"class":133},[71,80641,121],{"class":89},[71,80643,80644],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,80645,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,80647,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,80649,128],{"class":127},[71,80651,90],{"class":89},[71,80653,8433],{"class":85},[71,80655,90],{"class":89},[71,80657,2594],{"class":133},[71,80659,204],{"class":89},[20,80661,209],{},[62,80663,80664],{"className":64,"code":40014,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,80665,80666],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80667,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682,80684],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80669,4234],{"class":89},[71,80671,630],{"class":117},[71,80673,109],{"class":89},[71,80675,2788],{"class":117},[71,80677,109],{"class":89},[71,80679,37771],{"class":117},[71,80681,109],{"class":89},[71,80683,6697],{"class":117},[71,80685,1757],{"class":89},[20,80687,65722],{},[40,80689,80690,80697,80703],{},[43,80691,80692,80694,80695],{},[15,80693,39845],{}," takes the function ",[15,80696,80635],{},[43,80698,80699,80700,80702],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80701,3980],{}," into that function",[43,80704,80705],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80707,80708],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[40,80710,80711,80718,80725,80733],{},[43,80712,80713,6409,80716],{},[15,80714,80715],{},"double(1)",[15,80717,630],{},[43,80719,80720,6409,80723],{},[15,80721,80722],{},"double(2)",[15,80724,2836],{},[43,80726,80727,6409,80730],{},[15,80728,80729],{},"double(3)",[15,80731,80732],{},"6",[43,80734,80735,6409,80738],{},[15,80736,80737],{},"double(4)",[15,80739,2676],{},[288,80741,8758,80743,80745],{"id":80742},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80744,39845],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80747,80748,80750],{},[15,80749,39845],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80752,80753],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80755,2537],{},[62,80757,80759],{"className":64,"code":80758,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80760,80761,80778,80788,80792,80813,80834,80838,80863,80867],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80762,80763,80765,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80764,34975],{"class":768},[71,80766,80767],{"class":34978}," add_numbers",[71,80769,90],{"class":89},[71,80771,56],{"class":37790},[71,80773,109],{"class":89},[71,80775,625],{"class":37790},[71,80777,8682],{"class":89},[71,80779,80780,80782,80784,80786],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,80781,34986],{"class":4209},[71,80783,44676],{"class":77},[71,80785,2390],{"class":81},[71,80787,36308],{"class":77},[71,80789,80790],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,80791,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,80793,80794,80797,80799,80801,80803,80805,80807,80809,80811],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,80795,80796],{"class":77},"list1 ",[71,80798,82],{"class":81},[71,80800,1740],{"class":89},[71,80802,3320],{"class":117},[71,80804,109],{"class":89},[71,80806,183],{"class":117},[71,80808,109],{"class":89},[71,80810,701],{"class":117},[71,80812,1757],{"class":89},[71,80814,80815,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,80816,80817],{"class":77},"list2 ",[71,80819,82],{"class":81},[71,80821,1740],{"class":89},[71,80823,2661],{"class":117},[71,80825,109],{"class":89},[71,80827,8129],{"class":117},[71,80829,109],{"class":89},[71,80831,8134],{"class":117},[71,80833,1757],{"class":89},[71,80835,80836],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,80837,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,80839,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848,80851,80853,80856,80858,80861],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,80841,1102],{"class":77},[71,80843,82],{"class":81},[71,80845,80160],{"class":127},[71,80847,90],{"class":89},[71,80849,80850],{"class":133},"add_numbers",[71,80852,109],{"class":89},[71,80854,80855],{"class":133}," list1",[71,80857,109],{"class":89},[71,80859,80860],{"class":133}," list2",[71,80862,121],{"class":89},[71,80864,80865],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,80866,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,80868,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,80870,128],{"class":127},[71,80872,90],{"class":89},[71,80874,8433],{"class":85},[71,80876,90],{"class":89},[71,80878,2594],{"class":133},[71,80880,204],{"class":89},[20,80882,209],{},[62,80884,80886],{"className":64,"code":80885,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80887,80888],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80889,80890,80892,80895,80897,80900,80902,80905],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80891,4234],{"class":89},[71,80893,80894],{"class":117},"11",[71,80896,109],{"class":89},[71,80898,80899],{"class":117}," 22",[71,80901,109],{"class":89},[71,80903,80904],{"class":117}," 33",[71,80906,1757],{"class":89},[20,80908,2507],{},[40,80910,80911,80917,80923],{},[43,80912,80913,80914],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80915,80916],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[43,80918,80919,80920],{},"then ",[15,80921,80922],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[43,80924,80919,80925],{},[15,80926,80927],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[350,80929,80931,80933],{"id":80930},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80932,39845],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80935,80936,80937,80939],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80938,39845],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[62,80941,80943],{"className":64,"code":80942,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80944,80945,80961,80971,80975,80999,81015,81019,81041,81045],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,80946,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,80948,34975],{"class":768},[71,80950,80767],{"class":34978},[71,80952,90],{"class":89},[71,80954,56],{"class":37790},[71,80956,109],{"class":89},[71,80958,625],{"class":37790},[71,80960,8682],{"class":89},[71,80962,80963,80965,80967,80969],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,80964,34986],{"class":4209},[71,80966,44676],{"class":77},[71,80968,2390],{"class":81},[71,80970,36308],{"class":77},[71,80972,80973],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,80974,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,80976,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,80978,80796],{"class":77},[71,80980,82],{"class":81},[71,80982,1740],{"class":89},[71,80984,3320],{"class":117},[71,80986,109],{"class":89},[71,80988,183],{"class":117},[71,80990,109],{"class":89},[71,80992,701],{"class":117},[71,80994,109],{"class":89},[71,80996,2788],{"class":117},[71,80998,1757],{"class":89},[71,81000,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,81002,80817],{"class":77},[71,81004,82],{"class":81},[71,81006,1740],{"class":89},[71,81008,2661],{"class":117},[71,81010,109],{"class":89},[71,81012,8129],{"class":117},[71,81014,1757],{"class":89},[71,81016,81017],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,81018,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,81020,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,81022,1102],{"class":77},[71,81024,82],{"class":81},[71,81026,80160],{"class":127},[71,81028,90],{"class":89},[71,81030,80850],{"class":133},[71,81032,109],{"class":89},[71,81034,80855],{"class":133},[71,81036,109],{"class":89},[71,81038,80860],{"class":133},[71,81040,121],{"class":89},[71,81042,81043],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,81044,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,81046,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,81048,128],{"class":127},[71,81050,90],{"class":89},[71,81052,8433],{"class":85},[71,81054,90],{"class":89},[71,81056,2594],{"class":133},[71,81058,204],{"class":89},[20,81060,209],{},[62,81062,81064],{"className":64,"code":81063,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81065,81066],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81067,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81069,4234],{"class":89},[71,81071,80894],{"class":117},[71,81073,109],{"class":89},[71,81075,80899],{"class":117},[71,81077,1757],{"class":89},[20,81079,81080,81081,81084],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81082,81083],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[288,81086,81088,81090],{"id":81087},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81089,39845],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81092,38151,81093,81095],{},[15,81094,39845],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81097,81098,81099,81102],{},"This object is ",[30,81100,81101],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[350,81104,2820,81106,81108],{"id":81105},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81107,33149],{}," looks strange",[20,81110,33765],{},[62,81112,81114],{"className":64,"code":81113,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81115,81116,81136,81154,81158],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81117,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81119,3950],{"class":77},[71,81121,82],{"class":81},[71,81123,1740],{"class":89},[71,81125,3320],{"class":117},[71,81127,109],{"class":89},[71,81129,183],{"class":117},[71,81131,109],{"class":89},[71,81133,701],{"class":117},[71,81135,1757],{"class":89},[71,81137,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81139,1102],{"class":77},[71,81141,82],{"class":81},[71,81143,80160],{"class":127},[71,81145,90],{"class":89},[71,81147,3775],{"class":85},[71,81149,109],{"class":89},[71,81151,4599],{"class":133},[71,81153,121],{"class":89},[71,81155,81156],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81157,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,81159,81160,81162,81164,81166],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,81161,128],{"class":127},[71,81163,90],{"class":89},[71,81165,2594],{"class":133},[71,81167,121],{"class":89},[20,81169,81170],{},"Output will look something like this:",[62,81172,81174],{"className":64,"code":81173,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81175,81176],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81177,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81179,765],{"class":81},[71,81181,39988],{"class":127},[71,81183,24735],{"class":85},[71,81185,37491],{"class":77},[71,81187,37495],{"class":37494},[71,81189,37498],{"class":34576},[71,81191,778],{"class":81},[20,81193,81194],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81196,81197],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[62,81199,81201],{"className":64,"code":81200,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81202,81203,81223,81241,81245],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81204,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81206,3950],{"class":77},[71,81208,82],{"class":81},[71,81210,1740],{"class":89},[71,81212,3320],{"class":117},[71,81214,109],{"class":89},[71,81216,183],{"class":117},[71,81218,109],{"class":89},[71,81220,701],{"class":117},[71,81222,1757],{"class":89},[71,81224,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81226,1102],{"class":77},[71,81228,82],{"class":81},[71,81230,80160],{"class":127},[71,81232,90],{"class":89},[71,81234,3775],{"class":85},[71,81236,109],{"class":89},[71,81238,4599],{"class":133},[71,81240,121],{"class":89},[71,81242,81243],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81244,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,81246,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81257],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,81248,128],{"class":127},[71,81250,90],{"class":89},[71,81252,8433],{"class":85},[71,81254,90],{"class":89},[71,81256,2594],{"class":133},[71,81258,204],{"class":89},[20,81260,209],{},[62,81262,81264],{"className":64,"code":81263,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81265,81266],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81267,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81269,4234],{"class":89},[71,81271,100],{"class":99},[71,81273,3320],{"class":103},[71,81275,100],{"class":99},[71,81277,109],{"class":89},[71,81279,231],{"class":99},[71,81281,630],{"class":103},[71,81283,100],{"class":99},[71,81285,109],{"class":89},[71,81287,231],{"class":99},[71,81289,640],{"class":103},[71,81291,100],{"class":99},[71,81293,1757],{"class":89},[350,81295,81297],{"id":81296},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[62,81299,81301],{"className":64,"code":81300,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81302,81303,81323,81341,81345,81358],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81304,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81306,3950],{"class":77},[71,81308,82],{"class":81},[71,81310,1740],{"class":89},[71,81312,3320],{"class":117},[71,81314,109],{"class":89},[71,81316,183],{"class":117},[71,81318,109],{"class":89},[71,81320,701],{"class":117},[71,81322,1757],{"class":89},[71,81324,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81326,1102],{"class":77},[71,81328,82],{"class":81},[71,81330,80160],{"class":127},[71,81332,90],{"class":89},[71,81334,3775],{"class":85},[71,81336,109],{"class":89},[71,81338,4599],{"class":133},[71,81340,121],{"class":89},[71,81342,81343],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81344,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,81346,81347,81349,81351,81353,81356],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,81348,6294],{"class":4209},[71,81350,6297],{"class":77},[71,81352,4216],{"class":4209},[71,81354,81355],{"class":77}," result",[71,81357,6731],{"class":89},[71,81359,81360,81362,81364,81366],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,81361,8408],{"class":127},[71,81363,90],{"class":89},[71,81365,23428],{"class":133},[71,81367,121],{"class":89},[20,81369,209],{},[62,81371,81373],{"className":64,"code":81372,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81374,81375,81379,81383],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81376,81377],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81378,47049],{"class":117},[71,81380,81381],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81382,17170],{"class":117},[71,81384,81385],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81386,46749],{"class":117},[350,81388,81390],{"id":81389},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81392,81393],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[62,81395,81397],{"className":64,"code":81396,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81398,81399,81419,81437,81441,81455],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81400,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81402,3950],{"class":77},[71,81404,82],{"class":81},[71,81406,1740],{"class":89},[71,81408,3320],{"class":117},[71,81410,109],{"class":89},[71,81412,183],{"class":117},[71,81414,109],{"class":89},[71,81416,701],{"class":117},[71,81418,1757],{"class":89},[71,81420,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81422,1102],{"class":77},[71,81424,82],{"class":81},[71,81426,80160],{"class":127},[71,81428,90],{"class":89},[71,81430,3775],{"class":85},[71,81432,109],{"class":89},[71,81434,4599],{"class":133},[71,81436,121],{"class":89},[71,81438,81439],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81440,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,81442,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,81444,128],{"class":127},[71,81446,90],{"class":89},[71,81448,8433],{"class":85},[71,81450,90],{"class":89},[71,81452,2594],{"class":133},[71,81454,204],{"class":89},[71,81456,81457,81459,81461,81463,81465,81467],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,81458,128],{"class":127},[71,81460,90],{"class":89},[71,81462,8433],{"class":85},[71,81464,90],{"class":89},[71,81466,2594],{"class":133},[71,81468,204],{"class":89},[20,81470,209],{},[62,81472,81474],{"className":64,"code":81473,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81475,81476,81504],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81477,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81479,4234],{"class":89},[71,81481,100],{"class":99},[71,81483,3320],{"class":103},[71,81485,100],{"class":99},[71,81487,109],{"class":89},[71,81489,231],{"class":99},[71,81491,630],{"class":103},[71,81493,100],{"class":99},[71,81495,109],{"class":89},[71,81497,231],{"class":99},[71,81499,640],{"class":103},[71,81501,100],{"class":99},[71,81503,1757],{"class":89},[71,81505,81506],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81507,38425],{"class":89},[20,81509,81510],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81512,81513],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[62,81515,81517],{"className":64,"code":81516,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81518,81519,81539,81561,81565,81575],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81520,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81522,3950],{"class":77},[71,81524,82],{"class":81},[71,81526,1740],{"class":89},[71,81528,3320],{"class":117},[71,81530,109],{"class":89},[71,81532,183],{"class":117},[71,81534,109],{"class":89},[71,81536,701],{"class":117},[71,81538,1757],{"class":89},[71,81540,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81542,1102],{"class":77},[71,81544,82],{"class":81},[71,81546,22677],{"class":85},[71,81548,90],{"class":89},[71,81550,39988],{"class":127},[71,81552,90],{"class":89},[71,81554,3775],{"class":85},[71,81556,109],{"class":89},[71,81558,4599],{"class":133},[71,81560,204],{"class":89},[71,81562,81563],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81564,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,81566,81567,81569,81571,81573],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,81568,128],{"class":127},[71,81570,90],{"class":89},[71,81572,2594],{"class":133},[71,81574,121],{"class":89},[71,81576,81577,81579,81581,81583],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,81578,128],{"class":127},[71,81580,90],{"class":89},[71,81582,2594],{"class":133},[71,81584,121],{"class":89},[20,81586,209],{},[62,81588,81590],{"className":64,"code":81589,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81591,81592,81620],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81593,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81595,4234],{"class":89},[71,81597,100],{"class":99},[71,81599,3320],{"class":103},[71,81601,100],{"class":99},[71,81603,109],{"class":89},[71,81605,231],{"class":99},[71,81607,630],{"class":103},[71,81609,100],{"class":99},[71,81611,109],{"class":89},[71,81613,231],{"class":99},[71,81615,640],{"class":103},[71,81617,100],{"class":99},[71,81619,1757],{"class":89},[71,81621,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81623,4234],{"class":89},[71,81625,100],{"class":99},[71,81627,3320],{"class":103},[71,81629,100],{"class":99},[71,81631,109],{"class":89},[71,81633,231],{"class":99},[71,81635,630],{"class":103},[71,81637,100],{"class":99},[71,81639,109],{"class":89},[71,81641,231],{"class":99},[71,81643,640],{"class":103},[71,81645,100],{"class":99},[71,81647,1757],{"class":89},[288,81649,5298,81651],{"id":81650},"when-to-use-map",[15,81652,39845],{},[20,81654,81655,81657],{},[15,81656,39845],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81659,81660],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[40,81662,81663,81667,81671],{},[43,81664,81665],{},[15,81666,3775],{},[43,81668,81669],{},[15,81670,2517],{},[43,81672,81673],{},[15,81674,2348],{},[20,81676,2537],{},[62,81678,81680],{"className":64,"code":81679,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81681,81682,81714,81736,81740],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81683,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81685,4154],{"class":77},[71,81687,82],{"class":81},[71,81689,1740],{"class":89},[71,81691,100],{"class":99},[71,81693,3320],{"class":103},[71,81695,100],{"class":99},[71,81697,109],{"class":89},[71,81699,231],{"class":99},[71,81701,630],{"class":103},[71,81703,100],{"class":99},[71,81705,109],{"class":89},[71,81707,231],{"class":99},[71,81709,640],{"class":103},[71,81711,100],{"class":99},[71,81713,1757],{"class":89},[71,81715,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81717,3950],{"class":77},[71,81719,82],{"class":81},[71,81721,22677],{"class":85},[71,81723,90],{"class":89},[71,81725,39988],{"class":127},[71,81727,90],{"class":89},[71,81729,2517],{"class":85},[71,81731,109],{"class":89},[71,81733,4219],{"class":133},[71,81735,204],{"class":89},[71,81737,81738],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81739,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,81741,81742,81744,81746,81748],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,81743,128],{"class":127},[71,81745,90],{"class":89},[71,81747,3980],{"class":133},[71,81749,121],{"class":89},[20,81751,209],{},[62,81753,81754],{"className":64,"code":55285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,81755,81756],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81757,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81759,4234],{"class":89},[71,81761,3320],{"class":117},[71,81763,109],{"class":89},[71,81765,183],{"class":117},[71,81767,109],{"class":89},[71,81769,701],{"class":117},[71,81771,1757],{"class":89},[20,81773,81774],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81776,81777],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[62,81779,81781],{"className":64,"code":81780,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81782,81783,81803,81825],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81784,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81786,3950],{"class":77},[71,81788,82],{"class":81},[71,81790,1740],{"class":89},[71,81792,3320],{"class":117},[71,81794,109],{"class":89},[71,81796,183],{"class":117},[71,81798,109],{"class":89},[71,81800,701],{"class":117},[71,81802,1757],{"class":89},[71,81804,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81806,1102],{"class":77},[71,81808,82],{"class":81},[71,81810,22677],{"class":85},[71,81812,90],{"class":89},[71,81814,39988],{"class":127},[71,81816,90],{"class":89},[71,81818,3775],{"class":85},[71,81820,109],{"class":89},[71,81822,4599],{"class":133},[71,81824,204],{"class":89},[71,81826,81827,81829,81831,81833],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81828,128],{"class":127},[71,81830,90],{"class":89},[71,81832,2594],{"class":133},[71,81834,121],{"class":89},[62,81836,81838],{"className":64,"code":81837,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81839,81840,81860,81887],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81841,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81843,3950],{"class":77},[71,81845,82],{"class":81},[71,81847,1740],{"class":89},[71,81849,3320],{"class":117},[71,81851,109],{"class":89},[71,81853,183],{"class":117},[71,81855,109],{"class":89},[71,81857,701],{"class":117},[71,81859,1757],{"class":89},[71,81861,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81881,81883,81885],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81863,1102],{"class":77},[71,81865,82],{"class":81},[71,81867,1740],{"class":89},[71,81869,3775],{"class":85},[71,81871,90],{"class":89},[71,81873,76168],{"class":133},[71,81875,3993],{"class":89},[71,81877,4210],{"class":4209},[71,81879,81880],{"class":77}," n ",[71,81882,4216],{"class":4209},[71,81884,4599],{"class":77},[71,81886,1757],{"class":89},[71,81888,81889,81891,81893,81895],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,81890,128],{"class":127},[71,81892,90],{"class":89},[71,81894,2594],{"class":133},[71,81896,121],{"class":89},[20,81898,81899],{},"Both produce:",[62,81901,81902],{"className":64,"code":81263,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,81903,81904],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81905,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81907,4234],{"class":89},[71,81909,100],{"class":99},[71,81911,3320],{"class":103},[71,81913,100],{"class":99},[71,81915,109],{"class":89},[71,81917,231],{"class":99},[71,81919,630],{"class":103},[71,81921,100],{"class":99},[71,81923,109],{"class":89},[71,81925,231],{"class":99},[71,81927,640],{"class":103},[71,81929,100],{"class":99},[71,81931,1757],{"class":89},[20,81933,81934],{},"A simple rule:",[40,81936,81937,81942,81947],{},[43,81938,40119,81939,81941],{},[15,81940,39845],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[43,81943,40125,81944,81946],{},[15,81945,6294],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[43,81948,81949],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81951,81952,81953,60],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[56,81954,4729],{"href":4728},[288,81956,4855],{"id":4854},[350,81958,81960,81961],{"id":81959},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81962,24899],{},[20,81964,81965],{},"This is very common:",[62,81967,81968],{"className":64,"code":81113,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,81969,81970,81990,82008,82012],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,81971,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,81973,3950],{"class":77},[71,81975,82],{"class":81},[71,81977,1740],{"class":89},[71,81979,3320],{"class":117},[71,81981,109],{"class":89},[71,81983,183],{"class":117},[71,81985,109],{"class":89},[71,81987,701],{"class":117},[71,81989,1757],{"class":89},[71,81991,81992,81994,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,81993,1102],{"class":77},[71,81995,82],{"class":81},[71,81997,80160],{"class":127},[71,81999,90],{"class":89},[71,82001,3775],{"class":85},[71,82003,109],{"class":89},[71,82005,4599],{"class":133},[71,82007,121],{"class":89},[71,82009,82010],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82011,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82013,82014,82016,82018,82020],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,82015,128],{"class":127},[71,82017,90],{"class":89},[71,82019,2594],{"class":133},[71,82021,121],{"class":89},[20,82023,82024],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82026,39390],{},[62,82028,82030],{"className":64,"code":82029,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82031,82032],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82033,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82035,128],{"class":127},[71,82037,90],{"class":89},[71,82039,8433],{"class":85},[71,82041,90],{"class":89},[71,82043,2594],{"class":133},[71,82045,204],{"class":89},[350,82047,82049],{"id":82048},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82051,16757],{},[62,82053,82055],{"className":64,"code":82054,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82056,82057,82077],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82058,82059,82061,82063,82065,82067,82069,82071,82073,82075],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82060,3950],{"class":77},[71,82062,82],{"class":81},[71,82064,1740],{"class":89},[71,82066,3320],{"class":117},[71,82068,109],{"class":89},[71,82070,183],{"class":117},[71,82072,109],{"class":89},[71,82074,701],{"class":117},[71,82076,1757],{"class":89},[71,82078,82079,82081,82083,82085,82087,82089,82092,82094],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82080,1102],{"class":77},[71,82082,82],{"class":81},[71,82084,80160],{"class":127},[71,82086,90],{"class":89},[71,82088,3775],{"class":85},[71,82090,82091],{"class":89},"(),",[71,82093,4599],{"class":133},[71,82095,121],{"class":89},[20,82097,82098,82099,82101,82102,82104],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82100,47816],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82103,39845],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82106,16769],{},[62,82108,82109],{"className":64,"code":81200,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,82110,82111,82131,82149,82153],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82112,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82114,3950],{"class":77},[71,82116,82],{"class":81},[71,82118,1740],{"class":89},[71,82120,3320],{"class":117},[71,82122,109],{"class":89},[71,82124,183],{"class":117},[71,82126,109],{"class":89},[71,82128,701],{"class":117},[71,82130,1757],{"class":89},[71,82132,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82134,1102],{"class":77},[71,82136,82],{"class":81},[71,82138,80160],{"class":127},[71,82140,90],{"class":89},[71,82142,3775],{"class":85},[71,82144,109],{"class":89},[71,82146,4599],{"class":133},[71,82148,121],{"class":89},[71,82150,82151],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82152,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82154,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,82156,128],{"class":127},[71,82158,90],{"class":89},[71,82160,8433],{"class":85},[71,82162,90],{"class":89},[71,82164,2594],{"class":133},[71,82166,204],{"class":89},[350,82168,82170],{"id":82169},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82172,82173],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82175,16757],{},[62,82177,82179],{"className":64,"code":82178,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82180,82181,82198,82208,82212,82232,82251,82255],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82182,82183,82185,82188,82190,82192,82194,82196],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82184,34975],{"class":768},[71,82186,82187],{"class":34978}," add",[71,82189,90],{"class":89},[71,82191,56],{"class":37790},[71,82193,109],{"class":89},[71,82195,625],{"class":37790},[71,82197,8682],{"class":89},[71,82199,82200,82202,82204,82206],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82201,34986],{"class":4209},[71,82203,44676],{"class":77},[71,82205,2390],{"class":81},[71,82207,36308],{"class":77},[71,82209,82210],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82211,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82213,82214,82216,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,82215,3950],{"class":77},[71,82217,82],{"class":81},[71,82219,1740],{"class":89},[71,82221,3320],{"class":117},[71,82223,109],{"class":89},[71,82225,183],{"class":117},[71,82227,109],{"class":89},[71,82229,701],{"class":117},[71,82231,1757],{"class":89},[71,82233,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242,82245,82247,82249],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,82235,1102],{"class":77},[71,82237,82],{"class":81},[71,82239,80160],{"class":127},[71,82241,90],{"class":89},[71,82243,82244],{"class":133},"add",[71,82246,109],{"class":89},[71,82248,4599],{"class":133},[71,82250,121],{"class":89},[71,82252,82253],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,82254,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82256,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,82258,128],{"class":127},[71,82260,90],{"class":89},[71,82262,8433],{"class":85},[71,82264,90],{"class":89},[71,82266,2594],{"class":133},[71,82268,204],{"class":89},[20,82270,16769],{},[62,82272,82274],{"className":64,"code":82273,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82275,82276,82292,82302,82306,82326,82346,82368,82372],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82277,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82279,34975],{"class":768},[71,82281,82187],{"class":34978},[71,82283,90],{"class":89},[71,82285,56],{"class":37790},[71,82287,109],{"class":89},[71,82289,625],{"class":37790},[71,82291,8682],{"class":89},[71,82293,82294,82296,82298,82300],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82295,34986],{"class":4209},[71,82297,44676],{"class":77},[71,82299,2390],{"class":81},[71,82301,36308],{"class":77},[71,82303,82304],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82305,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82307,82308,82310,82312,82314,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,82309,80796],{"class":77},[71,82311,82],{"class":81},[71,82313,1740],{"class":89},[71,82315,3320],{"class":117},[71,82317,109],{"class":89},[71,82319,183],{"class":117},[71,82321,109],{"class":89},[71,82323,701],{"class":117},[71,82325,1757],{"class":89},[71,82327,82328,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,82329,80817],{"class":77},[71,82331,82],{"class":81},[71,82333,1740],{"class":89},[71,82335,2661],{"class":117},[71,82337,109],{"class":89},[71,82339,8129],{"class":117},[71,82341,109],{"class":89},[71,82343,8134],{"class":117},[71,82345,1757],{"class":89},[71,82347,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356,82358,82360,82362,82364,82366],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,82349,1102],{"class":77},[71,82351,82],{"class":81},[71,82353,80160],{"class":127},[71,82355,90],{"class":89},[71,82357,82244],{"class":133},[71,82359,109],{"class":89},[71,82361,80855],{"class":133},[71,82363,109],{"class":89},[71,82365,80860],{"class":133},[71,82367,121],{"class":89},[71,82369,82370],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,82371,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82373,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,82375,128],{"class":127},[71,82377,90],{"class":89},[71,82379,8433],{"class":85},[71,82381,90],{"class":89},[71,82383,2594],{"class":133},[71,82385,204],{"class":89},[350,82387,82389],{"id":82388},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82391,16757],{},[62,82393,82394],{"className":64,"code":81396,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,82395,82396,82416,82434,82438,82452],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82397,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82399,3950],{"class":77},[71,82401,82],{"class":81},[71,82403,1740],{"class":89},[71,82405,3320],{"class":117},[71,82407,109],{"class":89},[71,82409,183],{"class":117},[71,82411,109],{"class":89},[71,82413,701],{"class":117},[71,82415,1757],{"class":89},[71,82417,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430,82432],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82419,1102],{"class":77},[71,82421,82],{"class":81},[71,82423,80160],{"class":127},[71,82425,90],{"class":89},[71,82427,3775],{"class":85},[71,82429,109],{"class":89},[71,82431,4599],{"class":133},[71,82433,121],{"class":89},[71,82435,82436],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82437,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82439,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,82441,128],{"class":127},[71,82443,90],{"class":89},[71,82445,8433],{"class":85},[71,82447,90],{"class":89},[71,82449,2594],{"class":133},[71,82451,204],{"class":89},[71,82453,82454,82456,82458,82460,82462,82464],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,82455,128],{"class":127},[71,82457,90],{"class":89},[71,82459,8433],{"class":85},[71,82461,90],{"class":89},[71,82463,2594],{"class":133},[71,82465,204],{"class":89},[20,82467,82468],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82470,82471],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[288,82473,68033],{"id":68032},[20,82475,9216,82476,82478],{},[15,82477,39845],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[62,82480,82482],{"className":64,"code":82481,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82483,82484,82494,82508,82522,82534],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82485,82486,82488,82490,82492],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82487,128],{"class":127},[71,82489,90],{"class":89},[71,82491,2594],{"class":133},[71,82493,121],{"class":89},[71,82495,82496,82498,82500,82502,82504,82506],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82497,128],{"class":127},[71,82499,90],{"class":89},[71,82501,8433],{"class":85},[71,82503,90],{"class":89},[71,82505,2594],{"class":133},[71,82507,204],{"class":89},[71,82509,82510,82512,82514,82516,82518,82520],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82511,128],{"class":127},[71,82513,90],{"class":89},[71,82515,735],{"class":85},[71,82517,90],{"class":89},[71,82519,2594],{"class":133},[71,82521,204],{"class":89},[71,82523,82524,82526,82528,82530,82532],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,82525,6294],{"class":4209},[71,82527,6297],{"class":77},[71,82529,4216],{"class":4209},[71,82531,81355],{"class":77},[71,82533,6731],{"class":89},[71,82535,82536,82538,82540,82542],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,82537,8408],{"class":127},[71,82539,90],{"class":89},[71,82541,23428],{"class":133},[71,82543,121],{"class":89},[20,82545,12781],{},[40,82547,82548,82553,82558,82564],{},[43,82549,82550,82552],{},[15,82551,33149],{}," shows that you have a map object",[43,82554,82555,82557],{},[15,82556,33157],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[43,82559,82560,82563],{},[15,82561,82562],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[43,82565,82566,82567,82569],{},"looping over ",[15,82568,2594],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82571,82572,82573,82576,82577,82579],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82574,82575],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82578,6294],{}," loop consume the map object.",[288,82581,2163],{"id":2162},[350,82583,12813,82585,82587],{"id":82584},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82586,39845],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82589,82590,82591,82593,82594,24056],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82592,39845],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82595,82596],{},"list(map(...))",[350,82598,15015,82600,82602,82603,82605],{"id":82599},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82601,39845],{}," better than a ",[15,82604,6294],{}," loop?",[20,82607,82608,82609,82611,82612,82614],{},"Not always. ",[15,82610,39845],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82613,6294],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[350,82616,2184,82618,82620],{"id":82617},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82619,39845],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82622,82623],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[350,82625,82627],{"id":82626},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82629,82630],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[288,82632,2221],{"id":2220},[40,82634,82635,82641,82647,82651,82655],{},[43,82636,82637],{},[56,82638,13,82639,3841],{"href":40214},[15,82640,37703],{},[43,82642,82643],{},[56,82644,13,82645,3841],{"href":64985},[15,82646,24899],{},[43,82648,82649],{},[56,82650,5556],{"href":5468},[43,82652,82653],{},[56,82654,5561],{"href":4728},[43,82656,82657],{},[56,82658,5551],{"href":5472},[2250,82660,82661],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":82663},[82664,82665,82667,82668,82669,82671,82676,82683,82685,82692,82693,82702],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":80239,"depth":124,"text":82666},"What map() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":80558,"depth":124,"text":82670},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80742,"depth":124,"text":82672,"children":82673},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82674],{"id":80930,"depth":139,"text":82675},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81087,"depth":124,"text":82677,"children":82678},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82679,82681,82682],{"id":81105,"depth":139,"text":82680},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81296,"depth":139,"text":81297},{"id":81389,"depth":139,"text":81390},{"id":81650,"depth":124,"text":82684},"When to use map()",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":82686},[82687,82689,82690,82691],{"id":81959,"depth":139,"text":82688},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82048,"depth":139,"text":82049},{"id":82169,"depth":139,"text":82170},{"id":82388,"depth":139,"text":82389},{"id":68032,"depth":124,"text":68033},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":82694},[82695,82697,82699,82701],{"id":82584,"depth":139,"text":82696},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82599,"depth":139,"text":82698},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82617,"depth":139,"text":82700},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82626,"depth":139,"text":82627},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80071,"description":82703},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82710,"title":82711,"body":82712,"description":84732,"extension":2292,"meta":84733,"navigation":142,"path":84734,"seo":84735,"stem":84736,"__hash__":84737},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82713,"toc":84690},[82714,82720,82725,82728,82736,82739,82741,82865,82867,82885,82887,82907,82912,82916,82930,82933,82936,82938,82943,83055,83058,83076,83082,83085,83147,83149,83158,83161,83175,83177,83225,83227,83236,83246,83252,83255,83282,83284,83292,83295,83298,83368,83370,83378,83381,83386,83391,83442,83444,83452,83455,83457,83474,83476,83528,83531,83537,83541,83546,83549,83553,83612,83614,83623,83629,83638,83642,83705,83707,83715,83720,83724,83729,83809,83811,83820,83827,83832,83837,83840,83875,83877,83885,83888,83894,83896,83946,83948,83957,83960,83978,83980,83985,83991,83998,84025,84027,84050,84055,84090,84095,84101,84106,84149,84152,84155,84194,84201,84207,84212,84227,84231,84238,84241,84245,84250,84254,84259,84261,84322,84324,84353,84358,84365,84374,84376,84379,84404,84406,84509,84512,84530,84539,84541,84546,84549,84555,84558,84560,84570,84576,84580,84638,84645,84653,84655,84687],[10,82715,13,82717,18],{"id":82716},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82718,82719],{},"max()",[20,82721,22,82722,82724],{},[15,82723,82719],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82726,82727],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[40,82729,82730,82733],{},[43,82731,82732],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[43,82734,82735],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82737,82738],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[288,82740,2334],{"id":2333},[62,82742,82744],{"className":64,"code":82743,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82745,82746,82770,82785,82789,82815,82819,82851],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82747,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82749,3950],{"class":77},[71,82751,82],{"class":81},[71,82753,1740],{"class":89},[71,82755,640],{"class":117},[71,82757,109],{"class":89},[71,82759,6697],{"class":117},[71,82761,109],{"class":89},[71,82763,183],{"class":117},[71,82765,109],{"class":89},[71,82767,4941],{"class":117},[71,82769,1757],{"class":89},[71,82771,82772,82774,82776,82779,82781,82783],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82773,128],{"class":127},[71,82775,90],{"class":89},[71,82777,82778],{"class":127},"max",[71,82780,90],{"class":89},[71,82782,3980],{"class":133},[71,82784,204],{"class":89},[71,82786,82787],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82788,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82790,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,82792,128],{"class":127},[71,82794,90],{"class":89},[71,82796,82778],{"class":127},[71,82798,90],{"class":89},[71,82800,640],{"class":117},[71,82802,109],{"class":89},[71,82804,6697],{"class":117},[71,82806,109],{"class":89},[71,82808,183],{"class":117},[71,82810,109],{"class":89},[71,82812,4941],{"class":117},[71,82814,204],{"class":89},[71,82816,82817],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,82818,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,82820,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,82822,4405],{"class":77},[71,82824,82],{"class":81},[71,82826,1740],{"class":89},[71,82828,3184],{"class":99},[71,82830,4414],{"class":103},[71,82832,3184],{"class":99},[71,82834,109],{"class":89},[71,82836,3683],{"class":99},[71,82838,4423],{"class":103},[71,82840,3184],{"class":99},[71,82842,109],{"class":89},[71,82844,3683],{"class":99},[71,82846,78882],{"class":103},[71,82848,3184],{"class":99},[71,82850,1757],{"class":89},[71,82852,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82863],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,82854,128],{"class":127},[71,82856,90],{"class":89},[71,82858,82778],{"class":127},[71,82860,90],{"class":89},[71,82862,4449],{"class":133},[71,82864,204],{"class":89},[20,82866,209],{},[62,82868,82870],{"className":64,"code":82869,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82871,82872,82876,82880],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82873,82874],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82875,2712],{"class":117},[71,82877,82878],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82879,2712],{"class":117},[71,82881,82882],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82883,82884],{"class":77},"pear\n",[20,82886,20073],{},[40,82888,82889,82895,82901],{},[43,82890,82891,82894],{},[15,82892,82893],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[43,82896,82897,82900],{},[15,82898,82899],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[43,82902,82903,82906],{},[15,82904,82905],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[288,82908,291,82910,294],{"id":82909},"what-max-does",[15,82911,82719],{},[20,82913,82914,228],{},[15,82915,82719],{},[40,82917,82918,82921,82924,82927],{},[43,82919,82920],{},"Returns the largest item",[43,82922,82923],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[43,82925,82926],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[43,82928,82929],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82931,82932],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82934,82935],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[288,82937,343],{"id":342},[20,82939,82940,82941,228],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82942,82719],{},[62,82944,82946],{"className":64,"code":82945,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82947,82948,82958,82982,83004,83027],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,82949,82950,82952,82954,82956],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,82951,82778],{"class":127},[71,82953,90],{"class":89},[71,82955,4052],{"class":133},[71,82957,121],{"class":89},[71,82959,82960,82962,82964,82966,82968,82971,82973,82975,82977,82980],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,82961,82778],{"class":127},[71,82963,90],{"class":89},[71,82965,4052],{"class":133},[71,82967,109],{"class":89},[71,82969,82970],{"class":81}," *",[71,82972,109],{"class":89},[71,82974,21696],{"class":93},[71,82976,82],{"class":81},[71,82978,82979],{"class":133},"func",[71,82981,121],{"class":89},[71,82983,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,82985,82778],{"class":127},[71,82987,90],{"class":89},[71,82989,4052],{"class":133},[71,82991,109],{"class":89},[71,82993,82970],{"class":81},[71,82995,109],{"class":89},[71,82997,26642],{"class":93},[71,82999,82],{"class":81},[71,83001,2804],{"class":133},[71,83003,121],{"class":89},[71,83005,83006,83008,83010,83013,83015,83018,83020,83022,83025],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,83007,82778],{"class":127},[71,83009,90],{"class":89},[71,83011,83012],{"class":133},"arg1",[71,83014,109],{"class":89},[71,83016,83017],{"class":133}," arg2",[71,83019,109],{"class":89},[71,83021,82970],{"class":81},[71,83023,83024],{"class":133},"args",[71,83026,121],{"class":89},[71,83028,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051,83053],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,83030,82778],{"class":127},[71,83032,90],{"class":89},[71,83034,83012],{"class":133},[71,83036,109],{"class":89},[71,83038,83017],{"class":133},[71,83040,109],{"class":89},[71,83042,82970],{"class":81},[71,83044,83024],{"class":133},[71,83046,109],{"class":89},[71,83048,21696],{"class":93},[71,83050,82],{"class":81},[71,83052,82979],{"class":133},[71,83054,121],{"class":89},[20,83056,83057],{},"The most important parts are:",[40,83059,83060,83065,83070],{},[43,83061,83062,83064],{},[15,83063,4052],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[43,83066,83067,83069],{},[15,83068,14953],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[43,83071,83072,83075],{},[15,83073,83074],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[288,83077,8758,83079,83081],{"id":83078},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83080,82719],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83083,83084],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[62,83086,83088],{"className":64,"code":83087,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83089,83090,83116,83132,83136],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83091,83092,83094,83096,83098,83101,83103,83105,83107,83109,83111,83114],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83093,5400],{"class":77},[71,83095,82],{"class":81},[71,83097,1740],{"class":89},[71,83099,83100],{"class":117},"72",[71,83102,109],{"class":89},[71,83104,51644],{"class":117},[71,83106,109],{"class":89},[71,83108,13618],{"class":117},[71,83110,109],{"class":89},[71,83112,83113],{"class":117}," 66",[71,83115,1757],{"class":89},[71,83117,83118,83121,83123,83126,83128,83130],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83119,83120],{"class":77},"highest_score ",[71,83122,82],{"class":81},[71,83124,83125],{"class":127}," max",[71,83127,90],{"class":89},[71,83129,16502],{"class":133},[71,83131,121],{"class":89},[71,83133,83134],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,83135,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,83137,83138,83140,83142,83145],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,83139,128],{"class":127},[71,83141,90],{"class":89},[71,83143,83144],{"class":133},"highest_score",[71,83146,121],{"class":89},[20,83148,209],{},[62,83150,83152],{"className":64,"code":83151,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"91\n",[15,83153,83154],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83155,83156],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83157,83151],{"class":117},[20,83159,83160],{},"This works well for:",[40,83162,83163,83166,83169,83172],{},[43,83164,83165],{},"Scores",[43,83167,83168],{},"Prices",[43,83170,83171],{},"Ages",[43,83173,83174],{},"Counts",[20,83176,52214],{},[62,83178,83180],{"className":64,"code":83179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83181,83182,83210],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83183,83184,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83198,83200,83203,83205,83208],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83185,83186],{"class":77},"prices ",[71,83188,82],{"class":81},[71,83190,1740],{"class":89},[71,83192,40527],{"class":117},[71,83194,109],{"class":89},[71,83196,83197],{"class":117}," 5.50",[71,83199,109],{"class":89},[71,83201,83202],{"class":117}," 12.75",[71,83204,109],{"class":89},[71,83206,83207],{"class":117}," 29.00",[71,83209,1757],{"class":89},[71,83211,83212,83214,83216,83218,83220,83223],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83213,128],{"class":127},[71,83215,90],{"class":89},[71,83217,82778],{"class":127},[71,83219,90],{"class":89},[71,83221,83222],{"class":133},"prices",[71,83224,204],{"class":89},[20,83226,209],{},[62,83228,83230],{"className":64,"code":83229,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"29.0\n",[15,83231,83232],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83233,83234],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83235,83229],{"class":117},[20,83237,83238,83239,83241,83242,60],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83240,82719],{}," is simpler than ",[56,83243,83244],{"href":74659},[15,83245,74562],{},[288,83247,8758,83249,83251],{"id":83248},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83250,82719],{}," with separate values",[20,83253,83254],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[62,83256,83258],{"className":64,"code":83257,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83259,83260],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83261,83262,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83263,128],{"class":127},[71,83265,90],{"class":89},[71,83267,82778],{"class":127},[71,83269,90],{"class":89},[71,83271,2836],{"class":117},[71,83273,109],{"class":89},[71,83275,31064],{"class":117},[71,83277,109],{"class":89},[71,83279,6330],{"class":117},[71,83281,204],{"class":89},[20,83283,209],{},[62,83285,83286],{"className":64,"code":2555,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,83287,83288],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83289,83290],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83291,2555],{"class":117},[20,83293,83294],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83296,83297],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[62,83299,83301],{"className":64,"code":83300,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83302,83303,83312,83320,83330,83334,83357],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83304,83305,83307,83309],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83306,2886],{"class":77},[71,83308,82],{"class":81},[71,83310,83311],{"class":117}," 15\n",[71,83313,83314,83316,83318],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83315,2913],{"class":77},[71,83317,82],{"class":81},[71,83319,3100],{"class":117},[71,83321,83322,83325,83327],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,83323,83324],{"class":77},"c ",[71,83326,82],{"class":81},[71,83328,83329],{"class":117}," 27\n",[71,83331,83332],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,83333,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,83335,83336,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,83337,83338],{"class":77},"largest ",[71,83340,82],{"class":81},[71,83342,83125],{"class":127},[71,83344,90],{"class":89},[71,83346,56],{"class":133},[71,83348,109],{"class":89},[71,83350,625],{"class":133},[71,83352,109],{"class":89},[71,83354,635],{"class":133},[71,83356,121],{"class":89},[71,83358,83359,83361,83363,83366],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,83360,128],{"class":127},[71,83362,90],{"class":89},[71,83364,83365],{"class":133},"largest",[71,83367,121],{"class":89},[20,83369,209],{},[62,83371,83372],{"className":64,"code":46744,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,83373,83374],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83375,83376],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83377,46744],{"class":117},[20,83379,83380],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[288,83382,8758,83384,47191],{"id":83383},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83385,82719],{},[20,83387,83388,83390],{},[15,83389,82719],{}," can compare strings too.",[62,83392,83394],{"className":64,"code":83393,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83395,83396,83428],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83397,83398,83400,83402,83404,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83399,4405],{"class":77},[71,83401,82],{"class":81},[71,83403,1740],{"class":89},[71,83405,3184],{"class":99},[71,83407,4414],{"class":103},[71,83409,3184],{"class":99},[71,83411,109],{"class":89},[71,83413,3683],{"class":99},[71,83415,4423],{"class":103},[71,83417,3184],{"class":99},[71,83419,109],{"class":89},[71,83421,3683],{"class":99},[71,83423,78882],{"class":103},[71,83425,3184],{"class":99},[71,83427,1757],{"class":89},[71,83429,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83431,128],{"class":127},[71,83433,90],{"class":89},[71,83435,82778],{"class":127},[71,83437,90],{"class":89},[71,83439,4449],{"class":133},[71,83441,204],{"class":89},[20,83443,209],{},[62,83445,83446],{"className":64,"code":82884,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,83447,83448],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83449,83450],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83451,82884],{"class":77},[20,83453,83454],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83456,68421],{},[40,83458,83459,83468,83471],{},[43,83460,83461,83464,83465,83467],{},[15,83462,83463],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83466,65412],{}," alphabetically",[43,83469,83470],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[43,83472,83473],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83475,2537],{},[62,83477,83479],{"className":64,"code":83478,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83480,83481,83514],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83482,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83484,4405],{"class":77},[71,83486,82],{"class":81},[71,83488,1740],{"class":89},[71,83490,3184],{"class":99},[71,83492,4414],{"class":103},[71,83494,3184],{"class":99},[71,83496,109],{"class":89},[71,83498,3683],{"class":99},[71,83500,83501],{"class":103},"Banana",[71,83503,3184],{"class":99},[71,83505,109],{"class":89},[71,83507,3683],{"class":99},[71,83509,78882],{"class":103},[71,83511,3184],{"class":99},[71,83513,1757],{"class":89},[71,83515,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83517,128],{"class":127},[71,83519,90],{"class":89},[71,83521,82778],{"class":127},[71,83523,90],{"class":89},[71,83525,4449],{"class":133},[71,83527,204],{"class":89},[20,83529,83530],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83532,83533,83534,83536],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83535,14953],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[288,83538,36739,83539,36742],{"id":78840},[15,83540,14953],{},[20,83542,2309,83543,83545],{},[15,83544,14953],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83547,83548],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[350,83550,83552],{"id":83551},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[62,83554,83556],{"className":64,"code":83555,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83557,83558,83590],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83559,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83561,4405],{"class":77},[71,83563,82],{"class":81},[71,83565,1740],{"class":89},[71,83567,3184],{"class":99},[71,83569,37174],{"class":103},[71,83571,3184],{"class":99},[71,83573,109],{"class":89},[71,83575,3683],{"class":99},[71,83577,68464],{"class":103},[71,83579,3184],{"class":99},[71,83581,109],{"class":89},[71,83583,3683],{"class":99},[71,83585,58263],{"class":103},[71,83587,3184],{"class":99},[71,83589,1757],{"class":89},[71,83591,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83593,128],{"class":127},[71,83595,90],{"class":89},[71,83597,82778],{"class":127},[71,83599,90],{"class":89},[71,83601,4449],{"class":133},[71,83603,109],{"class":89},[71,83605,21696],{"class":93},[71,83607,82],{"class":81},[71,83609,2139],{"class":127},[71,83611,204],{"class":89},[20,83613,209],{},[62,83615,83617],{"className":64,"code":83616,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"elephant\n",[15,83618,83619],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83620,83621],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83622,83616],{"class":77},[20,83624,20887,83625,83628],{},[15,83626,83627],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83630,83631,83632,33751,83634,60],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83633,42491],{},[56,83635,83636,6119],{"href":42488},[15,83637,42491],{},[350,83639,83641],{"id":83640},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[62,83643,83645],{"className":64,"code":83644,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83646,83647,83679],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83648,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83650,4405],{"class":77},[71,83652,82],{"class":81},[71,83654,1740],{"class":89},[71,83656,3184],{"class":99},[71,83658,4414],{"class":103},[71,83660,3184],{"class":99},[71,83662,109],{"class":89},[71,83664,3683],{"class":99},[71,83666,83501],{"class":103},[71,83668,3184],{"class":99},[71,83670,109],{"class":89},[71,83672,3683],{"class":99},[71,83674,78882],{"class":103},[71,83676,3184],{"class":99},[71,83678,1757],{"class":89},[71,83680,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83682,128],{"class":127},[71,83684,90],{"class":89},[71,83686,82778],{"class":127},[71,83688,90],{"class":89},[71,83690,4449],{"class":133},[71,83692,109],{"class":89},[71,83694,21696],{"class":93},[71,83696,82],{"class":81},[71,83698,3775],{"class":85},[71,83700,60],{"class":89},[71,83702,8982],{"class":24868},[71,83704,204],{"class":89},[20,83706,209],{},[62,83708,83709],{"className":64,"code":82884,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,83710,83711],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83712,83713],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83714,82884],{"class":77},[20,83716,20887,83717,83719],{},[15,83718,78836],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[350,83721,83723],{"id":83722},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83725,83726,83727,228],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83728,37787],{},[62,83730,83732],{"className":64,"code":83731,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83733,83734,83777],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83735,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83755,83757,83759,83761,83764,83766,83768,83770,83773,83775],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83737,1735],{"class":77},[71,83739,82],{"class":81},[71,83741,1740],{"class":89},[71,83743,3184],{"class":99},[71,83745,56],{"class":103},[71,83747,3184],{"class":99},[71,83749,109],{"class":89},[71,83751,3683],{"class":99},[71,83753,83754],{"class":103},"bb",[71,83756,3184],{"class":99},[71,83758,109],{"class":89},[71,83760,3683],{"class":99},[71,83762,83763],{"class":103},"cccc",[71,83765,3184],{"class":99},[71,83767,109],{"class":89},[71,83769,3683],{"class":99},[71,83771,83772],{"class":103},"ddd",[71,83774,3184],{"class":99},[71,83776,1757],{"class":89},[71,83778,83779,83781,83783,83785,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803,83805,83807],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83780,128],{"class":127},[71,83782,90],{"class":89},[71,83784,82778],{"class":127},[71,83786,90],{"class":89},[71,83788,1770],{"class":133},[71,83790,109],{"class":89},[71,83792,21696],{"class":93},[71,83794,82],{"class":81},[71,83796,37787],{"class":768},[71,83798,42972],{"class":37790},[71,83800,228],{"class":89},[71,83802,38514],{"class":127},[71,83804,90],{"class":89},[71,83806,34832],{"class":133},[71,83808,3243],{"class":89},[20,83810,209],{},[62,83812,83814],{"className":64,"code":83813,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"cccc\n",[15,83815,83816],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83817,83818],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83819,83813],{"class":77},[20,83821,49683,83822,1560,83824,83826],{},[15,83823,83627],{},[15,83825,78723],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[288,83828,36739,83830,36742],{"id":83829},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83831,83074],{},[20,83833,2309,83834,83836],{},[15,83835,83074],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83838,83839],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[62,83841,83843],{"className":64,"code":83842,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83844,83845,83853],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83846,83847,83849,83851],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83848,3950],{"class":77},[71,83850,82],{"class":81},[71,83852,8177],{"class":89},[71,83854,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83856,128],{"class":127},[71,83858,90],{"class":89},[71,83860,82778],{"class":127},[71,83862,90],{"class":89},[71,83864,3980],{"class":133},[71,83866,109],{"class":89},[71,83868,26642],{"class":93},[71,83870,82],{"class":81},[71,83872,2449],{"class":117},[71,83874,204],{"class":89},[20,83876,209],{},[62,83878,83879],{"className":64,"code":47384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,83880,83881],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83882,83883],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83884,47384],{"class":117},[20,83886,83887],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83889,83890,83891,83893],{},"Without ",[15,83892,83074],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83895,52214],{},[62,83897,83899],{"className":64,"code":83898,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83900,83901,83909,83936],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83902,83903,83905,83907],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83904,4405],{"class":77},[71,83906,82],{"class":81},[71,83908,8177],{"class":89},[71,83910,83911,83913,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929,83932,83934],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,83912,1102],{"class":77},[71,83914,82],{"class":81},[71,83916,83125],{"class":127},[71,83918,90],{"class":89},[71,83920,4449],{"class":133},[71,83922,109],{"class":89},[71,83924,26642],{"class":93},[71,83926,82],{"class":81},[71,83928,3184],{"class":99},[71,83930,83931],{"class":103},"no words found",[71,83933,3184],{"class":99},[71,83935,121],{"class":89},[71,83937,83938,83940,83942,83944],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,83939,128],{"class":127},[71,83941,90],{"class":89},[71,83943,2594],{"class":133},[71,83945,121],{"class":89},[20,83947,209],{},[62,83949,83951],{"className":64,"code":83950,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"no words found\n",[15,83952,83953],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,83954,83955],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,83956,83950],{"class":77},[20,83958,83959],{},"Important:",[40,83961,83962,83970],{},[43,83963,83964,83966,83967],{},[15,83965,83074],{}," works with ",[15,83968,83969],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[43,83971,41035,83972,83974,83975],{},[30,83973,4967],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83976,83977],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[288,83979,48119],{"id":48118},[20,83981,83982,83983,60],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83984,82719],{},[350,83986,83988,83990],{"id":83987},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83989,40833],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83992,83993,83994,46040,83996,60],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83995,83074],{},[15,83997,40833],{},[62,83999,84001],{"className":64,"code":84000,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84002,84003,84011],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84004,84005,84007,84009],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84006,3950],{"class":77},[71,84008,82],{"class":81},[71,84010,8177],{"class":89},[71,84012,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84014,128],{"class":127},[71,84016,90],{"class":89},[71,84018,82778],{"class":127},[71,84020,90],{"class":89},[71,84022,3980],{"class":133},[71,84024,204],{"class":89},[20,84026,29801],{},[62,84028,84030],{"className":64,"code":84029,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84031,84032],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84033,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84045,84047],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84035,40833],{"class":85},[71,84037,228],{"class":89},[71,84039,83125],{"class":127},[71,84041,7706],{"class":89},[71,84043,84044],{"class":77}," arg ",[71,84046,12302],{"class":81},[71,84048,84049],{"class":77}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84051,84052,84053,228],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84054,83074],{},[62,84056,84058],{"className":64,"code":84057,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84059,84060,84068],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84061,84062,84064,84066],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84063,3950],{"class":77},[71,84065,82],{"class":81},[71,84067,8177],{"class":89},[71,84069,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84071,128],{"class":127},[71,84073,90],{"class":89},[71,84075,82778],{"class":127},[71,84077,90],{"class":89},[71,84079,3980],{"class":133},[71,84081,109],{"class":89},[71,84083,26642],{"class":93},[71,84085,82],{"class":81},[71,84087,4110],{"class":4184},[71,84089,204],{"class":89},[20,84091,84092,84093,60],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[56,84094,65977],{"href":73016},[350,84096,84098,84100],{"id":84097},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84099,3337],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84102,84103,84104,60],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84105,3337],{},[62,84107,84109],{"className":64,"code":84108,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84110,84111,84135],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84112,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84114,1735],{"class":77},[71,84116,82],{"class":81},[71,84118,1740],{"class":89},[71,84120,2661],{"class":117},[71,84122,109],{"class":89},[71,84124,3683],{"class":99},[71,84126,15867],{"class":103},[71,84128,3184],{"class":99},[71,84130,109],{"class":89},[71,84132,8134],{"class":117},[71,84134,1757],{"class":89},[71,84136,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84138,128],{"class":127},[71,84140,90],{"class":89},[71,84142,82778],{"class":127},[71,84144,90],{"class":89},[71,84146,1770],{"class":133},[71,84148,204],{"class":89},[20,84150,84151],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84153,84154],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[62,84156,84158],{"className":64,"code":84157,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84159,84160,84180],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84161,84162,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84163,1735],{"class":77},[71,84165,82],{"class":81},[71,84167,1740],{"class":89},[71,84169,2661],{"class":117},[71,84171,109],{"class":89},[71,84173,8129],{"class":117},[71,84175,109],{"class":89},[71,84177,8134],{"class":117},[71,84179,1757],{"class":89},[71,84181,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84183,128],{"class":127},[71,84185,90],{"class":89},[71,84187,82778],{"class":127},[71,84189,90],{"class":89},[71,84191,1770],{"class":133},[71,84193,204],{"class":89},[20,84195,84196,84197,60],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[56,84198,84200],{"href":84199},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[350,84202,84204,84206],{"id":84203},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84205,3337],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84208,84209,84211],{},[15,84210,82719],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[62,84213,84215],{"className":64,"code":84214,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(max())\n",[15,84216,84217],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84218,84219,84221,84223,84225],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84220,128],{"class":127},[71,84222,90],{"class":89},[71,84224,82778],{"class":127},[71,84226,7534],{"class":89},[20,84228,3334,84229,60],{},[15,84230,3337],{},[288,84232,84234,1552,84236],{"id":84233},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84235,82719],{},[15,84237,74562],{},[20,84239,84240],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84242,84243,228],{},[15,84244,82719],{},[40,84246,84247],{},[43,84248,84249],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84251,84252,228],{},[15,84253,74562],{},[40,84255,84256],{},[43,84257,84258],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84260,2537],{},[62,84262,84264],{"className":64,"code":84263,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84265,84266,84290,84294,84308],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84267,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84269,3950],{"class":77},[71,84271,82],{"class":81},[71,84273,1740],{"class":89},[71,84275,640],{"class":117},[71,84277,109],{"class":89},[71,84279,6697],{"class":117},[71,84281,109],{"class":89},[71,84283,183],{"class":117},[71,84285,109],{"class":89},[71,84287,4941],{"class":117},[71,84289,1757],{"class":89},[71,84291,84292],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84293,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,84295,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,84297,128],{"class":127},[71,84299,90],{"class":89},[71,84301,82778],{"class":127},[71,84303,90],{"class":89},[71,84305,3980],{"class":133},[71,84307,204],{"class":89},[71,84309,84310,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,84311,128],{"class":127},[71,84313,90],{"class":89},[71,84315,74652],{"class":127},[71,84317,90],{"class":89},[71,84319,3980],{"class":133},[71,84321,204],{"class":89},[20,84323,209],{},[62,84325,84327],{"className":64,"code":84326,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84328,84329,84333],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84330,84331],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84332,2712],{"class":117},[71,84334,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347,84349,84351],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84336,4234],{"class":89},[71,84338,630],{"class":117},[71,84340,109],{"class":89},[71,84342,701],{"class":117},[71,84344,109],{"class":89},[71,84346,4941],{"class":117},[71,84348,109],{"class":89},[71,84350,6697],{"class":117},[71,84352,1757],{"class":89},[20,84354,283,84355,84357],{},[15,84356,82719],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84359,283,84360,84364],{},[56,84361,84362],{"href":74659},[15,84363,74562],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84366,84367,84368,60],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[56,84369,84371],{"href":84370},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84372,84373],{},"min()",[288,84375,2054],{"id":2053},[20,84377,84378],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[40,84380,84381,84388,84391,84396,84399],{},[43,84382,29770,84383,84385,84386],{},[15,84384,82719],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84387,83074],{},[43,84389,84390],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[43,84392,8794,84393,84395],{},[15,84394,82719],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[43,84397,84398],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[43,84400,8758,84401,84403],{},[15,84402,83074],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84405,2090],{},[62,84407,84409],{"className":64,"code":84408,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84410,84411,84421,84435,84449,84463,84485],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84412,84413,84415,84417,84419],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84414,128],{"class":127},[71,84416,90],{"class":89},[71,84418,1770],{"class":133},[71,84420,121],{"class":89},[71,84422,84423,84425,84427,84429,84431,84433],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84424,128],{"class":127},[71,84426,90],{"class":89},[71,84428,735],{"class":85},[71,84430,90],{"class":89},[71,84432,1770],{"class":133},[71,84434,204],{"class":89},[71,84436,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,84438,128],{"class":127},[71,84440,90],{"class":89},[71,84442,2139],{"class":127},[71,84444,90],{"class":89},[71,84446,1770],{"class":133},[71,84448,204],{"class":89},[71,84450,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,84452,128],{"class":127},[71,84454,90],{"class":89},[71,84456,82778],{"class":127},[71,84458,90],{"class":89},[71,84460,1770],{"class":133},[71,84462,204],{"class":89},[71,84464,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,84466,128],{"class":127},[71,84468,90],{"class":89},[71,84470,82778],{"class":127},[71,84472,90],{"class":89},[71,84474,1770],{"class":133},[71,84476,109],{"class":89},[71,84478,26642],{"class":93},[71,84480,82],{"class":81},[71,84482,4110],{"class":4184},[71,84484,204],{"class":89},[71,84486,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,84488,128],{"class":127},[71,84490,3317],{"class":89},[71,84492,735],{"class":85},[71,84494,90],{"class":89},[71,84496,1986],{"class":133},[71,84498,3993],{"class":89},[71,84500,4210],{"class":4209},[71,84502,4213],{"class":133},[71,84504,4216],{"class":4209},[71,84506,6302],{"class":133},[71,84508,4222],{"class":89},[20,84510,84511],{},"These are useful for checking:",[40,84513,84514,84519,84524,84527],{},[43,84515,84516,84517],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84518,1770],{},[43,84520,79889,84521,84523],{},[15,84522,1770],{}," is a list or some other type",[43,84525,84526],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[43,84528,84529],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84531,69485,84532,84535,84536,84538],{},[15,84533,84534],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84537,1770],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[288,84540,2163],{"id":2162},[350,84542,5479,84544,5482],{"id":84543},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84545,82719],{},[20,84547,84548],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[350,84550,2184,84552,84554],{"id":84551},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84553,82719],{}," work with strings?",[20,84556,84557],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[350,84559,71784],{"id":71783},[20,84561,84562,52629,84564,84566,84567,84569],{},[15,84563,82719],{},[15,84565,40833],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84568,83074],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[350,84571,84573,84574,2172],{"id":84572},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84575,82719],{},[20,84577,283,84578,228],{},[15,84579,83627],{},[62,84581,84582],{"className":64,"code":83555,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,84583,84584,84616],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84585,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84587,4405],{"class":77},[71,84589,82],{"class":81},[71,84591,1740],{"class":89},[71,84593,3184],{"class":99},[71,84595,37174],{"class":103},[71,84597,3184],{"class":99},[71,84599,109],{"class":89},[71,84601,3683],{"class":99},[71,84603,68464],{"class":103},[71,84605,3184],{"class":99},[71,84607,109],{"class":89},[71,84609,3683],{"class":99},[71,84611,58263],{"class":103},[71,84613,3184],{"class":99},[71,84615,1757],{"class":89},[71,84617,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84619,128],{"class":127},[71,84621,90],{"class":89},[71,84623,82778],{"class":127},[71,84625,90],{"class":89},[71,84627,4449],{"class":133},[71,84629,109],{"class":89},[71,84631,21696],{"class":93},[71,84633,82],{"class":81},[71,84635,2139],{"class":127},[71,84637,204],{"class":89},[350,84639,2167,84641,1560,84643,2172],{"id":84640},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84642,82719],{},[15,84644,74562],{},[20,84646,84647,84649,84650,84652],{},[15,84648,82719],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84651,74562],{}," returns all items in order.",[288,84654,2221],{"id":2220},[40,84656,84657,84663,84669,84675,84679,84683],{},[43,84658,84659],{},[56,84660,84661,3841],{"href":84370},[15,84662,84373],{},[43,84664,84665],{},[56,84666,84667,3841],{"href":74659},[15,84668,74562],{},[43,84670,84671],{},[56,84672,84673,3841],{"href":42488},[15,84674,42491],{},[43,84676,84677],{},[56,84678,59092],{"href":59091},[43,84680,84681],{},[56,84682,65977],{"href":73016},[43,84684,84685],{},[56,84686,84200],{"href":84199},[2250,84688,84689],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":84691},[84692,84693,84695,84696,84698,84700,84702,84707,84709,84717,84719,84720,84731],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":82909,"depth":124,"text":84694},"What max() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":83078,"depth":124,"text":84697},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83248,"depth":124,"text":84699},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83383,"depth":124,"text":84701},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78840,"depth":124,"text":80038,"children":84703},[84704,84705,84706],{"id":83551,"depth":139,"text":83552},{"id":83640,"depth":139,"text":83641},{"id":83722,"depth":139,"text":83723},{"id":83829,"depth":124,"text":84708},"Using the default argument",{"id":48118,"depth":124,"text":48119,"children":84710},[84711,84713,84715],{"id":83987,"depth":139,"text":84712},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84097,"depth":139,"text":84714},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84203,"depth":139,"text":84716},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84233,"depth":124,"text":84718},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":84721},[84722,84724,84726,84727,84729],{"id":84543,"depth":139,"text":84723},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84551,"depth":139,"text":84725},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71783,"depth":139,"text":71784},{"id":84572,"depth":139,"text":84728},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84640,"depth":139,"text":84730},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82711,"description":84732},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84739,"title":84740,"body":84741,"description":86695,"extension":2292,"meta":86696,"navigation":142,"path":86697,"seo":86698,"stem":86699,"__hash__":86700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84742,"toc":86652},[84743,84748,84753,84759,84761,84835,84837,84850,84855,84860,84876,84880,84885,84961,84967,84970,85013,85015,85023,85029,85032,85063,85065,85073,85079,85084,85143,85145,85154,85157,85167,85173,85178,85213,85215,85223,85229,85235,85240,85284,85286,85295,85298,85338,85340,85349,85352,85364,85369,85374,85425,85427,85436,85439,85490,85492,85501,85504,85511,85517,85522,85524,85539,85543,85603,85605,85614,85618,85790,85792,85829,85836,85842,85845,85872,85874,85895,85900,85935,85937,85945,85948,85951,85967,85972,85974,85978,85984,85988,86015,86018,86028,86068,86072,86075,86118,86120,86129,86132,86137,86206,86208,86216,86221,86225,86228,86279,86281,86289,86292,86355,86357,86365,86368,86373,86377,86390,86397,86405,86407,86409,86439,86445,86546,86556,86558,86563,86566,86571,86574,86576,86584,86592,86600,86607,86615,86617,86649],[10,84744,13,84746,18],{"id":84745},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84747,84373],{},[20,84749,84750,84752],{},[15,84751,84373],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84754,84755,84756,84758],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84757,84373],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[288,84760,2334],{"id":2333},[62,84762,84764],{"className":64,"code":84763,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84765,84766,84790,84805,84809],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84767,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84769,3950],{"class":77},[71,84771,82],{"class":81},[71,84773,1740],{"class":89},[71,84775,2466],{"class":117},[71,84777,109],{"class":89},[71,84779,183],{"class":117},[71,84781,109],{"class":89},[71,84783,54271],{"class":117},[71,84785,109],{"class":89},[71,84787,165],{"class":117},[71,84789,1757],{"class":89},[71,84791,84792,84794,84796,84799,84801,84803],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84793,128],{"class":127},[71,84795,90],{"class":89},[71,84797,84798],{"class":127},"min",[71,84800,90],{"class":89},[71,84802,3980],{"class":133},[71,84804,204],{"class":89},[71,84806,84807],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,84808,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,84810,84811,84813,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,84812,128],{"class":127},[71,84814,90],{"class":89},[71,84816,84798],{"class":127},[71,84818,90],{"class":89},[71,84820,2466],{"class":117},[71,84822,109],{"class":89},[71,84824,183],{"class":117},[71,84826,109],{"class":89},[71,84828,54271],{"class":117},[71,84830,109],{"class":89},[71,84832,165],{"class":117},[71,84834,204],{"class":89},[20,84836,209],{},[62,84838,84840],{"className":64,"code":84839,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1\n1\n",[15,84841,84842,84846],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84843,84844],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84845,47049],{"class":117},[71,84847,84848],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84849,47049],{"class":117},[20,84851,283,84852,84854],{},[15,84853,84373],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[288,84856,291,84858,294],{"id":84857},"what-min-does",[15,84859,84373],{},[40,84861,84862,84867,84870,84873],{},[43,84863,84864,84866],{},[15,84865,84373],{}," returns the smallest item",[43,84868,84869],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[43,84871,84872],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[43,84874,84875],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[288,84877,84879],{"id":84878},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84881,84882,84883,228],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84884,84373],{},[62,84886,84888],{"className":64,"code":84887,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84889,84890,84900,84925,84943],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84891,84892,84894,84896,84898],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84893,84798],{"class":127},[71,84895,90],{"class":89},[71,84897,4052],{"class":133},[71,84899,121],{"class":89},[71,84901,84902,84904,84906,84909,84911,84914,84916,84919,84921,84923],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,84903,84798],{"class":127},[71,84905,90],{"class":89},[71,84907,84908],{"class":133},"value1",[71,84910,109],{"class":89},[71,84912,84913],{"class":133}," value2",[71,84915,109],{"class":89},[71,84917,84918],{"class":133}," value3",[71,84920,109],{"class":89},[71,84922,34577],{"class":127},[71,84924,121],{"class":89},[71,84926,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,84928,84798],{"class":127},[71,84930,90],{"class":89},[71,84932,4052],{"class":133},[71,84934,109],{"class":89},[71,84936,21696],{"class":93},[71,84938,82],{"class":81},[71,84940,37498],{"class":127},[71,84942,121],{"class":89},[71,84944,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,84946,84798],{"class":127},[71,84948,90],{"class":89},[71,84950,4052],{"class":133},[71,84952,109],{"class":89},[71,84954,26642],{"class":93},[71,84956,82],{"class":81},[71,84958,37498],{"class":127},[71,84960,121],{"class":89},[350,84962,84964],{"id":84963},"miniterable",[15,84965,84966],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84968,84969],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[62,84971,84973],{"className":64,"code":84972,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84974,84975,84999],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,84976,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991,84993,84995,84997],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,84978,3950],{"class":77},[71,84980,82],{"class":81},[71,84982,1740],{"class":89},[71,84984,2676],{"class":117},[71,84986,109],{"class":89},[71,84988,701],{"class":117},[71,84990,109],{"class":89},[71,84992,31064],{"class":117},[71,84994,109],{"class":89},[71,84996,165],{"class":117},[71,84998,1757],{"class":89},[71,85000,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85002,128],{"class":127},[71,85004,90],{"class":89},[71,85006,84798],{"class":127},[71,85008,90],{"class":89},[71,85010,3980],{"class":133},[71,85012,204],{"class":89},[20,85014,209],{},[62,85016,85017],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,85018,85019],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85020,85021],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85022,47049],{"class":117},[350,85024,85026],{"id":85025},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85027,85028],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85030,85031],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[62,85033,85035],{"className":64,"code":85034,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85036,85037],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85038,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85040,128],{"class":127},[71,85042,90],{"class":89},[71,85044,84798],{"class":127},[71,85046,90],{"class":89},[71,85048,2676],{"class":117},[71,85050,109],{"class":89},[71,85052,701],{"class":117},[71,85054,109],{"class":89},[71,85056,31064],{"class":117},[71,85058,109],{"class":89},[71,85060,165],{"class":117},[71,85062,204],{"class":89},[20,85064,209],{},[62,85066,85067],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,85068,85069],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85070,85071],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85072,47049],{"class":117},[350,85074,85076],{"id":85075},"miniterable-key",[15,85077,85078],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85080,283,85081,85083],{},[15,85082,14953],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[62,85085,85087],{"className":64,"code":85086,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85088,85089,85121],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85090,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115,85117,85119],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85092,4405],{"class":77},[71,85094,82],{"class":81},[71,85096,1740],{"class":89},[71,85098,3184],{"class":99},[71,85100,78882],{"class":103},[71,85102,3184],{"class":99},[71,85104,109],{"class":89},[71,85106,3683],{"class":99},[71,85108,38469],{"class":103},[71,85110,3184],{"class":99},[71,85112,109],{"class":89},[71,85114,3683],{"class":99},[71,85116,4423],{"class":103},[71,85118,3184],{"class":99},[71,85120,1757],{"class":89},[71,85122,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85124,128],{"class":127},[71,85126,90],{"class":89},[71,85128,84798],{"class":127},[71,85130,90],{"class":89},[71,85132,4449],{"class":133},[71,85134,109],{"class":89},[71,85136,21696],{"class":93},[71,85138,82],{"class":81},[71,85140,2139],{"class":127},[71,85142,204],{"class":89},[20,85144,209],{},[62,85146,85148],{"className":64,"code":85147,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"kiwi\n",[15,85149,85150],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85151,85152],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85153,85147],{"class":77},[20,85155,85156],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85158,85159,85160,85162,85163,60],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85161,42491],{},", see the ",[56,85164,85165,3841],{"href":42488},[15,85166,42491],{},[350,85168,85170],{"id":85169},"miniterable-default",[15,85171,85172],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85174,283,85175,85177],{},[15,85176,83074],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[62,85179,85181],{"className":64,"code":85180,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85182,85183,85191],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85184,85185,85187,85189],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85186,3950],{"class":77},[71,85188,82],{"class":81},[71,85190,8177],{"class":89},[71,85192,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85194,128],{"class":127},[71,85196,90],{"class":89},[71,85198,84798],{"class":127},[71,85200,90],{"class":89},[71,85202,3980],{"class":133},[71,85204,109],{"class":89},[71,85206,26642],{"class":93},[71,85208,82],{"class":81},[71,85210,2449],{"class":117},[71,85212,204],{"class":89},[20,85214,209],{},[62,85216,85217],{"className":64,"code":47384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,85218,85219],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85220,85221],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85222,47384],{"class":117},[20,85224,85225,85226,85228],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85227,40833],{}," when there is no item to return.",[288,85230,8758,85232,85234],{"id":85231},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85233,84373],{}," with numbers",[20,85236,85237,85239],{},[15,85238,84373],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[62,85241,85243],{"className":64,"code":85242,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85244,85245,85270],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85246,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85248,5400],{"class":77},[71,85250,82],{"class":81},[71,85252,1740],{"class":89},[71,85254,51639],{"class":117},[71,85256,109],{"class":89},[71,85258,85259],{"class":117}," 72",[71,85261,109],{"class":89},[71,85263,29026],{"class":117},[71,85265,109],{"class":89},[71,85267,76238],{"class":117},[71,85269,1757],{"class":89},[71,85271,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85273,128],{"class":127},[71,85275,90],{"class":89},[71,85277,84798],{"class":127},[71,85279,90],{"class":89},[71,85281,16502],{"class":133},[71,85283,204],{"class":89},[20,85285,209],{},[62,85287,85289],{"className":64,"code":85288,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"60\n",[15,85290,85291],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85292,85293],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85294,85288],{"class":117},[20,85296,85297],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[62,85299,85301],{"className":64,"code":85300,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85302,85303,85324],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85304,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85318,85320,85322],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85306,83186],{"class":77},[71,85308,82],{"class":81},[71,85310,1740],{"class":89},[71,85312,40527],{"class":117},[71,85314,109],{"class":89},[71,85316,85317],{"class":117}," 5.49",[71,85319,109],{"class":89},[71,85321,83202],{"class":117},[71,85323,1757],{"class":89},[71,85325,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85327,128],{"class":127},[71,85329,90],{"class":89},[71,85331,84798],{"class":127},[71,85333,90],{"class":89},[71,85335,83222],{"class":133},[71,85337,204],{"class":89},[20,85339,209],{},[62,85341,85343],{"className":64,"code":85342,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"5.49\n",[15,85344,85345],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85346,85347],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85348,85342],{"class":117},[20,85350,85351],{},"This is useful for things like:",[40,85353,85354,85356,85358,85361],{},[43,85355,16502],{},[43,85357,83222],{},[43,85359,85360],{},"measurements",[43,85362,85363],{},"ages",[288,85365,8758,85367,47191],{"id":85366},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85368,84373],{},[20,85370,85371,85373],{},[15,85372,84373],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[62,85375,85377],{"className":64,"code":85376,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85378,85379,85411],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85380,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85382,4405],{"class":77},[71,85384,82],{"class":81},[71,85386,1740],{"class":89},[71,85388,3184],{"class":99},[71,85390,4423],{"class":103},[71,85392,3184],{"class":99},[71,85394,109],{"class":89},[71,85396,3683],{"class":99},[71,85398,4414],{"class":103},[71,85400,3184],{"class":99},[71,85402,109],{"class":89},[71,85404,3683],{"class":99},[71,85406,4432],{"class":103},[71,85408,3184],{"class":99},[71,85410,1757],{"class":89},[71,85412,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85414,128],{"class":127},[71,85416,90],{"class":89},[71,85418,84798],{"class":127},[71,85420,90],{"class":89},[71,85422,4449],{"class":133},[71,85424,204],{"class":89},[20,85426,209],{},[62,85428,85430],{"className":64,"code":85429,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"apple\n",[15,85431,85432],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85433,85434],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85435,85429],{"class":77},[20,85437,85438],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[62,85440,85442],{"className":64,"code":85441,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85443,85444,85476],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85445,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85447,4405],{"class":77},[71,85449,82],{"class":81},[71,85451,1740],{"class":89},[71,85453,3184],{"class":99},[71,85455,4423],{"class":103},[71,85457,3184],{"class":99},[71,85459,109],{"class":89},[71,85461,3683],{"class":99},[71,85463,57904],{"class":103},[71,85465,3184],{"class":99},[71,85467,109],{"class":89},[71,85469,3683],{"class":99},[71,85471,4432],{"class":103},[71,85473,3184],{"class":99},[71,85475,1757],{"class":89},[71,85477,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85479,128],{"class":127},[71,85481,90],{"class":89},[71,85483,84798],{"class":127},[71,85485,90],{"class":89},[71,85487,4449],{"class":133},[71,85489,204],{"class":89},[20,85491,209],{},[62,85493,85495],{"className":64,"code":85494,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Apple\n",[15,85496,85497],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85498,85499],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85500,85494],{"class":77},[20,85502,85503],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85505,85506,85507,60],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[56,85508,85509,6119],{"href":74659},[15,85510,74562],{},[288,85512,8758,85514,85516],{"id":85513},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85515,84373],{}," with a key function",[20,85518,2309,85519,85521],{},[15,85520,14953],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85523,11565],{},[40,85525,85526,85531,85536],{},[43,85527,85528,85530],{},[15,85529,14953],{}," changes the comparison rule",[43,85532,85533,85535],{},[15,85534,84373],{}," still returns the original item",[43,85537,85538],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[350,85540,85542],{"id":85541},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[62,85544,85546],{"className":64,"code":85545,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85547,85548,85581],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85549,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85577,85579],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85551,4405],{"class":77},[71,85553,82],{"class":81},[71,85555,1740],{"class":89},[71,85557,3184],{"class":99},[71,85559,68464],{"class":103},[71,85561,3184],{"class":99},[71,85563,109],{"class":89},[71,85565,3683],{"class":99},[71,85567,37174],{"class":103},[71,85569,3184],{"class":99},[71,85571,109],{"class":89},[71,85573,3683],{"class":99},[71,85575,85576],{"class":103},"giraffe",[71,85578,3184],{"class":99},[71,85580,1757],{"class":89},[71,85582,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85584,128],{"class":127},[71,85586,90],{"class":89},[71,85588,84798],{"class":127},[71,85590,90],{"class":89},[71,85592,4449],{"class":133},[71,85594,109],{"class":89},[71,85596,21696],{"class":93},[71,85598,82],{"class":81},[71,85600,2139],{"class":127},[71,85602,204],{"class":89},[20,85604,209],{},[62,85606,85608],{"className":64,"code":85607,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"cat\n",[15,85609,85610],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85611,85612],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85613,85607],{"class":77},[350,85615,85617],{"id":85616},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[62,85619,85621],{"className":64,"code":85620,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85622,85623,85633,85668,85700,85732,85736,85740,85779],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85624,85625,85628,85630],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85626,85627],{"class":77},"students ",[71,85629,82],{"class":81},[71,85631,85632],{"class":89}," [\n",[71,85634,85635,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656,85659,85661,85663,85665],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85636,85637],{"class":89},"    {",[71,85639,3184],{"class":99},[71,85641,94],{"class":103},[71,85643,3184],{"class":99},[71,85645,228],{"class":89},[71,85647,3683],{"class":99},[71,85649,12990],{"class":103},[71,85651,3184],{"class":99},[71,85653,109],{"class":89},[71,85655,3683],{"class":99},[71,85657,85658],{"class":103},"score",[71,85660,3184],{"class":99},[71,85662,228],{"class":89},[71,85664,13618],{"class":117},[71,85666,85667],{"class":89},"},\n",[71,85669,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,85671,85637],{"class":89},[71,85673,3184],{"class":99},[71,85675,94],{"class":103},[71,85677,3184],{"class":99},[71,85679,228],{"class":89},[71,85681,3683],{"class":99},[71,85683,36066],{"class":103},[71,85685,3184],{"class":99},[71,85687,109],{"class":89},[71,85689,3683],{"class":99},[71,85691,85658],{"class":103},[71,85693,3184],{"class":99},[71,85695,228],{"class":89},[71,85697,85259],{"class":117},[71,85699,85667],{"class":89},[71,85701,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,85703,85637],{"class":89},[71,85705,3184],{"class":99},[71,85707,94],{"class":103},[71,85709,3184],{"class":99},[71,85711,228],{"class":89},[71,85713,3683],{"class":99},[71,85715,36075],{"class":103},[71,85717,3184],{"class":99},[71,85719,109],{"class":89},[71,85721,3683],{"class":99},[71,85723,85658],{"class":103},[71,85725,3184],{"class":99},[71,85727,228],{"class":89},[71,85729,20014],{"class":117},[71,85731,252],{"class":89},[71,85733,85734],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,85735,1757],{"class":89},[71,85737,85738],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,85739,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,85741,85742,85745,85747,85750,85752,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,85743,85744],{"class":77},"lowest ",[71,85746,82],{"class":81},[71,85748,85749],{"class":127}," min",[71,85751,90],{"class":89},[71,85753,85754],{"class":133},"students",[71,85756,109],{"class":89},[71,85758,21696],{"class":93},[71,85760,82],{"class":81},[71,85762,37787],{"class":768},[71,85764,13016],{"class":37790},[71,85766,228],{"class":89},[71,85768,13016],{"class":133},[71,85770,4234],{"class":89},[71,85772,3184],{"class":99},[71,85774,85658],{"class":103},[71,85776,3184],{"class":99},[71,85778,4222],{"class":89},[71,85780,85781,85783,85785,85788],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,85782,128],{"class":127},[71,85784,90],{"class":89},[71,85786,85787],{"class":133},"lowest",[71,85789,121],{"class":89},[20,85791,209],{},[62,85793,85795],{"className":64,"code":85794,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85796,85797],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85798,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85800,219],{"class":89},[71,85802,100],{"class":99},[71,85804,94],{"class":103},[71,85806,100],{"class":99},[71,85808,228],{"class":89},[71,85810,231],{"class":99},[71,85812,36066],{"class":103},[71,85814,100],{"class":99},[71,85816,109],{"class":89},[71,85818,231],{"class":99},[71,85820,85658],{"class":103},[71,85822,100],{"class":99},[71,85824,228],{"class":89},[71,85826,85259],{"class":117},[71,85828,252],{"class":89},[20,85830,85831,85832,85835],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85833,85834],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[288,85837,8758,85839,85841],{"id":85838},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85840,83074],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85843,85844],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[62,85846,85848],{"className":64,"code":85847,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85849,85850,85858],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85851,85852,85854,85856],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85853,3950],{"class":77},[71,85855,82],{"class":81},[71,85857,8177],{"class":89},[71,85859,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85861,128],{"class":127},[71,85863,90],{"class":89},[71,85865,84798],{"class":127},[71,85867,90],{"class":89},[71,85869,3980],{"class":133},[71,85871,204],{"class":89},[20,85873,209],{},[62,85875,85877],{"className":64,"code":85876,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85878,85879],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85880,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85882,40833],{"class":85},[71,85884,228],{"class":89},[71,85886,85749],{"class":127},[71,85888,7706],{"class":89},[71,85890,84044],{"class":77},[71,85892,12302],{"class":81},[71,85894,84049],{"class":77},[20,85896,85897,85898,228],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85899,83074],{},[62,85901,85903],{"className":64,"code":85902,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85904,85905,85913],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85906,85907,85909,85911],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85908,3950],{"class":77},[71,85910,82],{"class":81},[71,85912,8177],{"class":89},[71,85914,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,85916,128],{"class":127},[71,85918,90],{"class":89},[71,85920,84798],{"class":127},[71,85922,90],{"class":89},[71,85924,3980],{"class":133},[71,85926,109],{"class":89},[71,85928,26642],{"class":93},[71,85930,82],{"class":81},[71,85932,4110],{"class":4184},[71,85934,204],{"class":89},[20,85936,209],{},[62,85938,85939],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,85940,85941],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85942,85943],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85944,11916],{"class":4184},[20,85946,85947],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85949,85950],{},"Remember:",[40,85952,85953,85961],{},[43,85954,85955,85957,85958,85960],{},[15,85956,83074],{}," works only when ",[15,85959,84373],{}," gets one iterable argument",[43,85962,85963,85964],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85965,85966],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85968,85969,85970,60],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[56,85971,65977],{"href":73016},[288,85973,1713],{"id":1712},[20,85975,56911,85976,60],{},[15,85977,84373],{},[350,85979,85981,85982],{"id":85980},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85983,83074],{},[20,85985,3334,85986,228],{},[15,85987,40833],{},[62,85989,85991],{"className":64,"code":85990,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85992,85993,86001],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,85994,85995,85997,85999],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,85996,1735],{"class":77},[71,85998,82],{"class":81},[71,86000,8177],{"class":89},[71,86002,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86004,128],{"class":127},[71,86006,90],{"class":89},[71,86008,84798],{"class":127},[71,86010,90],{"class":89},[71,86012,1770],{"class":133},[71,86014,204],{"class":89},[20,86016,86017],{},"Fix it by:",[40,86019,86020,86023],{},[43,86021,86022],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[43,86024,86025,86026],{},"or using ",[15,86027,83074],{},[62,86029,86031],{"className":64,"code":86030,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86032,86033,86041],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86034,86035,86037,86039],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86036,1735],{"class":77},[71,86038,82],{"class":81},[71,86040,8177],{"class":89},[71,86042,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86064,86066],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86044,128],{"class":127},[71,86046,90],{"class":89},[71,86048,84798],{"class":127},[71,86050,90],{"class":89},[71,86052,1770],{"class":133},[71,86054,109],{"class":89},[71,86056,26642],{"class":93},[71,86058,82],{"class":81},[71,86060,3184],{"class":99},[71,86062,86063],{"class":103},"no items",[71,86065,3184],{"class":99},[71,86067,204],{"class":89},[350,86069,86071],{"id":86070},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86073,86074],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[62,86076,86078],{"className":64,"code":86077,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86079,86080,86104],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86081,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86083,78],{"class":77},[71,86085,82],{"class":81},[71,86087,1740],{"class":89},[71,86089,2661],{"class":117},[71,86091,109],{"class":89},[71,86093,3683],{"class":99},[71,86095,15867],{"class":103},[71,86097,3184],{"class":99},[71,86099,109],{"class":89},[71,86101,4941],{"class":117},[71,86103,1757],{"class":89},[71,86105,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86107,128],{"class":127},[71,86109,90],{"class":89},[71,86111,84798],{"class":127},[71,86113,90],{"class":89},[71,86115,134],{"class":133},[71,86117,204],{"class":89},[20,86119,209],{},[62,86121,86123],{"className":64,"code":86122,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"TypeError\n",[15,86124,86125],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86126,86127],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86128,86122],{"class":85},[20,86130,86131],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86133,86134,86135,60],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86136,84373],{},[62,86138,86140],{"className":64,"code":86139,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86141,86142,86166,86192],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86143,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86145,78],{"class":77},[71,86147,82],{"class":81},[71,86149,1740],{"class":89},[71,86151,2661],{"class":117},[71,86153,109],{"class":89},[71,86155,3683],{"class":99},[71,86157,15867],{"class":103},[71,86159,3184],{"class":99},[71,86161,109],{"class":89},[71,86163,4941],{"class":117},[71,86165,1757],{"class":89},[71,86167,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86169,3950],{"class":77},[71,86171,82],{"class":81},[71,86173,1740],{"class":89},[71,86175,2517],{"class":85},[71,86177,90],{"class":89},[71,86179,1986],{"class":133},[71,86181,3993],{"class":89},[71,86183,4210],{"class":4209},[71,86185,4213],{"class":77},[71,86187,4216],{"class":4209},[71,86189,14678],{"class":77},[71,86191,1757],{"class":89},[71,86193,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,86195,128],{"class":127},[71,86197,90],{"class":89},[71,86199,84798],{"class":127},[71,86201,90],{"class":89},[71,86203,3980],{"class":133},[71,86205,204],{"class":89},[20,86207,209],{},[62,86209,86210],{"className":64,"code":3278,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,86211,86212],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86213,86214],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86215,3278],{"class":117},[20,86217,86218,86219,60],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86220,3337],{},[350,86222,86224],{"id":86223},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86226,86227],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[62,86229,86231],{"className":64,"code":86230,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86232,86233,86265],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86234,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245,86247,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259,86261,86263],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86236,4405],{"class":77},[71,86238,82],{"class":81},[71,86240,1740],{"class":89},[71,86242,3184],{"class":99},[71,86244,79698],{"class":103},[71,86246,3184],{"class":99},[71,86248,109],{"class":89},[71,86250,3683],{"class":99},[71,86252,57904],{"class":103},[71,86254,3184],{"class":99},[71,86256,109],{"class":89},[71,86258,3683],{"class":99},[71,86260,79715],{"class":103},[71,86262,3184],{"class":99},[71,86264,1757],{"class":89},[71,86266,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86268,128],{"class":127},[71,86270,90],{"class":89},[71,86272,84798],{"class":127},[71,86274,90],{"class":89},[71,86276,4449],{"class":133},[71,86278,204],{"class":89},[20,86280,209],{},[62,86282,86283],{"className":64,"code":85494,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,86284,86285],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86286,86287],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86288,85494],{"class":77},[20,86290,86291],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[62,86293,86295],{"className":64,"code":86294,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86296,86297,86329],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86298,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309,86311,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86300,4405],{"class":77},[71,86302,82],{"class":81},[71,86304,1740],{"class":89},[71,86306,3184],{"class":99},[71,86308,79698],{"class":103},[71,86310,3184],{"class":99},[71,86312,109],{"class":89},[71,86314,3683],{"class":99},[71,86316,57904],{"class":103},[71,86318,3184],{"class":99},[71,86320,109],{"class":89},[71,86322,3683],{"class":99},[71,86324,79715],{"class":103},[71,86326,3184],{"class":99},[71,86328,1757],{"class":89},[71,86330,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86332,128],{"class":127},[71,86334,90],{"class":89},[71,86336,84798],{"class":127},[71,86338,90],{"class":89},[71,86340,4449],{"class":133},[71,86342,109],{"class":89},[71,86344,21696],{"class":93},[71,86346,82],{"class":81},[71,86348,3775],{"class":85},[71,86350,60],{"class":89},[71,86352,8982],{"class":24868},[71,86354,204],{"class":89},[20,86356,209],{},[62,86358,86359],{"className":64,"code":85494,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,86360,86361],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86362,86363],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86364,85494],{"class":77},[20,86366,86367],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[288,86369,5298,86371],{"id":86370},"when-to-use-min",[15,86372,84373],{},[20,86374,283,86375,1569],{},[15,86376,84373],{},[40,86378,86379,86382,86387],{},[43,86380,86381],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[43,86383,86384,86385],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86386,14953],{},[43,86388,86389],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86391,283,86392,86396],{},[56,86393,86394],{"href":74659},[15,86395,74562],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86398,283,86399,86404],{},[56,86400,86402],{"href":86401},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86403,82719],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[288,86406,2054],{"id":2053},[20,86408,84378],{},[40,86410,86411,86419,86422,86427,86434],{},[43,86412,86413,86414,86416,86417],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86415,84373],{}," without using ",[15,86418,83074],{},[43,86420,86421],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[43,86423,8794,86424,86426],{},[15,86425,84373],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[43,86428,5041,86429,86431,86432,85535],{},[15,86430,14953],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86433,84373],{},[43,86435,8758,86436,86438],{},[15,86437,83074],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86440,86441,86442,86444],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86443,84373],{},", these quick checks can help:",[62,86446,86448],{"className":64,"code":86447,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86449,86450,86464,86474,86488,86502,86524],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86451,86452,86454,86456,86458,86460,86462],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86453,128],{"class":127},[71,86455,90],{"class":89},[71,86457,735],{"class":85},[71,86459,90],{"class":89},[71,86461,134],{"class":133},[71,86463,204],{"class":89},[71,86465,86466,86468,86470,86472],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86467,128],{"class":127},[71,86469,90],{"class":89},[71,86471,134],{"class":133},[71,86473,121],{"class":89},[71,86475,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,86477,128],{"class":127},[71,86479,90],{"class":89},[71,86481,2139],{"class":127},[71,86483,90],{"class":89},[71,86485,134],{"class":133},[71,86487,204],{"class":89},[71,86489,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,86491,128],{"class":127},[71,86493,90],{"class":89},[71,86495,84798],{"class":127},[71,86497,90],{"class":89},[71,86499,134],{"class":133},[71,86501,204],{"class":89},[71,86503,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516,86518,86520,86522],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,86505,128],{"class":127},[71,86507,90],{"class":89},[71,86509,84798],{"class":127},[71,86511,90],{"class":89},[71,86513,134],{"class":133},[71,86515,109],{"class":89},[71,86517,26642],{"class":93},[71,86519,82],{"class":81},[71,86521,4110],{"class":4184},[71,86523,204],{"class":89},[71,86525,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,86527,128],{"class":127},[71,86529,90],{"class":89},[71,86531,84798],{"class":127},[71,86533,90],{"class":89},[71,86535,4449],{"class":133},[71,86537,109],{"class":89},[71,86539,21696],{"class":93},[71,86541,82],{"class":81},[71,86543,2139],{"class":127},[71,86545,204],{"class":89},[20,86547,86548,86549,86552,86553,86555],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86550,86551],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86554,134],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[288,86557,2163],{"id":2162},[350,86559,5479,86561,5482],{"id":86560},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86562,84373],{},[20,86564,86565],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[350,86567,2184,86569,84554],{"id":86568},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86570,84373],{},[20,86572,86573],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[350,86575,71784],{"id":71783},[20,86577,86578,52629,86580,84566,86582,36748],{},[15,86579,84373],{},[15,86581,40833],{},[15,86583,83074],{},[350,86585,5479,86587,86589,86590,2172],{"id":86586},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86588,14953],{}," do in ",[15,86591,84373],{},[20,86593,86594,86596,86597,86599],{},[15,86595,14953],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86598,83627],{}," compares strings by length.",[350,86601,2167,86603,1560,86605,2172],{"id":86602},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86604,84373],{},[15,86606,74562],{},[20,86608,86609,86611,86612,86614],{},[15,86610,84373],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86613,74562],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[288,86616,2221],{"id":2220},[40,86618,86619,86625,86631,86637,86641,86645],{},[43,86620,86621],{},[56,86622,86623,3841],{"href":86401},[15,86624,82719],{},[43,86626,86627],{},[56,86628,86629,3841],{"href":74659},[15,86630,74562],{},[43,86632,86633],{},[56,86634,86635,3841],{"href":42488},[15,86636,42491],{},[43,86638,86639],{},[56,86640,80011],{"href":78514},[43,86642,86643],{},[56,86644,59092],{"href":59091},[43,86646,86647],{},[56,86648,65977],{"href":73016},[2250,86650,86651],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":86653},[86654,86655,86657,86663,86665,86667,86672,86674,86680,86682,86683,86694],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":84857,"depth":124,"text":86656},"What min() does",{"id":84878,"depth":124,"text":84879,"children":86658},[86659,86660,86661,86662],{"id":84963,"depth":139,"text":84966},{"id":85025,"depth":139,"text":85028},{"id":85075,"depth":139,"text":85078},{"id":85169,"depth":139,"text":85172},{"id":85231,"depth":124,"text":86664},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85366,"depth":124,"text":86666},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85513,"depth":124,"text":86668,"children":86669},"Using min() with a key function",[86670,86671],{"id":85541,"depth":139,"text":85542},{"id":85616,"depth":139,"text":85617},{"id":85838,"depth":124,"text":86673},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":1712,"depth":124,"text":1713,"children":86675},[86676,86678,86679],{"id":85980,"depth":139,"text":86677},"Empty list without default",{"id":86070,"depth":139,"text":86071},{"id":86223,"depth":139,"text":86224},{"id":86370,"depth":124,"text":86681},"When to use min()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":86684},[86685,86687,86689,86690,86692],{"id":86560,"depth":139,"text":86686},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86568,"depth":139,"text":86688},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71783,"depth":139,"text":71784},{"id":86586,"depth":139,"text":86691},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86602,"depth":139,"text":86693},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84740,"description":86695},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86702,"title":86703,"body":86704,"description":88883,"extension":2292,"meta":88884,"navigation":142,"path":88885,"seo":88886,"stem":88887,"__hash__":88888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86705,"toc":88847},[86706,86709,86715,86721,86723,86804,86813,86817,86822,86824,86869,86871,86951,86957,86959,86962,86994,86996,87014,87016,87089,87091,87110,87114,87117,87153,87155,87222,87296,87369,87374,87378,87384,87387,87404,87407,87409,87470,87472,87492,87498,87502,87505,87575,87578,87597,87602,87678,87681,87685,87691,87695,87700,87770,87774,87779,87853,87857,87860,87935,87946,87950,87955,88045,88050,88118,88121,88140,88151,88155,88158,88163,88166,88228,88231,88242,88247,88250,88253,88258,88261,88264,88268,88271,88277,88280,88291,88293,88355,88370,88376,88379,88382,88393,88404,88410,88413,88415,88477,88487,88493,88498,88504,88508,88514,88517,88538,88540,88545,88572,88575,88602,88605,88644,88647,88685,88688,88749,88752,88754,88758,88761,88765,88771,88779,88787,88791,88794,88798,88804,88806,88844],[10,86707,86703],{"id":86708},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86710,86711,86714],{},[15,86712,86713],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86716,86717,86718,86720],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86719,86713],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[288,86722,2334],{"id":2333},[62,86724,86726],{"className":64,"code":86725,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86727,86728,86777,86793],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86729,86730,86733,86736,86738,86740,86743,86745,86747,86749,86751,86753,86755,86758,86760,86762,86765,86767,86769,86771,86775],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86731,86732],{"class":4209},"with",[71,86734,86735],{"class":127}," open",[71,86737,90],{"class":89},[71,86739,3184],{"class":99},[71,86741,86742],{"class":103},"example.txt",[71,86744,3184],{"class":99},[71,86746,109],{"class":89},[71,86748,3683],{"class":99},[71,86750,60642],{"class":103},[71,86752,3184],{"class":99},[71,86754,109],{"class":89},[71,86756,86757],{"class":93}," encoding",[71,86759,82],{"class":81},[71,86761,3184],{"class":99},[71,86763,86764],{"class":103},"utf-8",[71,86766,3184],{"class":99},[71,86768,3993],{"class":89},[71,86770,47490],{"class":4209},[71,86772,86774],{"class":86773},"sMMDD"," file",[71,86776,6731],{"class":89},[71,86778,86779,86782,86784,86786,86788,86791],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86780,86781],{"class":77},"    content ",[71,86783,82],{"class":81},[71,86785,86774],{"class":86773},[71,86787,60],{"class":89},[71,86789,86790],{"class":133},"read",[71,86792,369],{"class":89},[71,86794,86795,86797,86799,86802],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,86796,8408],{"class":127},[71,86798,90],{"class":89},[71,86800,86801],{"class":133},"content",[71,86803,121],{"class":89},[20,86805,283,86806,86808,86809,86812],{},[15,86807,86732],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86810,86811],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[288,86814,86816],{"id":86815},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86818,86819,86821],{},[15,86820,86713],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86823,11565],{},[40,86825,86826,86829,86834,86839],{},[43,86827,86828],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[43,86830,41035,86831,86833],{},[30,86832,4967],{}," read or write anything by itself",[43,86835,17536,86836],{},[30,86837,86838],{},"file object",[43,86840,86841,86842],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[40,86843,86844,86849,86854,86859,86864],{},[43,86845,86846],{},[15,86847,86848],{},"read()",[43,86850,86851],{},[15,86852,86853],{},"readline()",[43,86855,86856],{},[15,86857,86858],{},"readlines()",[43,86860,86861],{},[15,86862,86863],{},"write()",[43,86865,86866],{},[15,86867,86868],{},"close()",[20,86870,2537],{},[62,86872,86874],{"className":64,"code":86873,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86875,86876,86915,86930,86940],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86877,86878,86881,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86879,86880],{"class":86773},"file",[71,86882,13387],{"class":81},[71,86884,86735],{"class":127},[71,86886,90],{"class":89},[71,86888,3184],{"class":99},[71,86890,86742],{"class":103},[71,86892,3184],{"class":99},[71,86894,109],{"class":89},[71,86896,3683],{"class":99},[71,86898,60642],{"class":103},[71,86900,3184],{"class":99},[71,86902,109],{"class":89},[71,86904,86757],{"class":93},[71,86906,82],{"class":81},[71,86908,3184],{"class":99},[71,86910,86764],{"class":103},[71,86912,3184],{"class":99},[71,86914,121],{"class":89},[71,86916,86917,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,86918,86919],{"class":77},"content ",[71,86921,82],{"class":81},[71,86923,86774],{"class":86773},[71,86925,60],{"class":89},[71,86927,86790],{"class":133},[71,86929,369],{"class":89},[71,86931,86932,86934,86936,86938],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,86933,128],{"class":127},[71,86935,90],{"class":89},[71,86937,86801],{"class":133},[71,86939,121],{"class":89},[71,86941,86942,86944,86946,86949],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,86943,86880],{"class":86773},[71,86945,60],{"class":89},[71,86947,86948],{"class":133},"close",[71,86950,369],{"class":89},[20,86952,86953,86954,86956],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86955,86732],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[288,86958,343],{"id":342},[20,86960,86961],{},"A common form is:",[62,86963,86965],{"className":64,"code":86964,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86966,86967],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,86968,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,86970,42557],{"class":127},[71,86972,90],{"class":89},[71,86974,86880],{"class":86773},[71,86976,109],{"class":89},[71,86978,86979],{"class":133}," mode",[71,86981,109],{"class":89},[71,86983,86757],{"class":93},[71,86985,82],{"class":81},[71,86987,3184],{"class":99},[71,86989,86764],{"class":103},[71,86991,3184],{"class":99},[71,86993,121],{"class":89},[20,86995,65183],{},[40,86997,86998,87003,87008],{},[43,86999,87000,87002],{},[15,87001,86880],{}," is the file name or file path",[43,87004,87005,87007],{},[15,87006,21035],{}," controls how the file is opened",[43,87009,87010,87013],{},[15,87011,87012],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87015,2537],{},[62,87017,87019],{"className":64,"code":87018,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87020,87021,87064,87079],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87022,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87024,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87026,86735],{"class":127},[71,87028,90],{"class":89},[71,87030,3184],{"class":99},[71,87032,87033],{"class":103},"notes.txt",[71,87035,3184],{"class":99},[71,87037,109],{"class":89},[71,87039,3683],{"class":99},[71,87041,60642],{"class":103},[71,87043,3184],{"class":99},[71,87045,109],{"class":89},[71,87047,86757],{"class":93},[71,87049,82],{"class":81},[71,87051,3184],{"class":99},[71,87053,86764],{"class":103},[71,87055,3184],{"class":99},[71,87057,3993],{"class":89},[71,87059,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87061,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87063,6731],{"class":89},[71,87065,87066,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87067,87068],{"class":77},"    text ",[71,87070,82],{"class":81},[71,87072,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87074,60],{"class":89},[71,87076,86790],{"class":133},[71,87078,369],{"class":89},[71,87080,87081,87083,87085,87087],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87082,8408],{"class":127},[71,87084,90],{"class":89},[71,87086,34832],{"class":133},[71,87088,121],{"class":89},[20,87090,20073],{},[40,87092,87093,87099,87104],{},[43,87094,87095,87098],{},[15,87096,87097],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[43,87100,87101,87103],{},[15,87102,86811],{}," means open for reading",[43,87105,87106,87109],{},[15,87107,87108],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[288,87111,87113],{"id":87112},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87115,87116],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[40,87118,87119,87124,87130,87135,87141,87147],{},[43,87120,87121,87123],{},[15,87122,86811],{}," = read a text file",[43,87125,87126,87129],{},[15,87127,87128],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[43,87131,87132,87134],{},[15,87133,18211],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[43,87136,87137,87140],{},[15,87138,87139],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[43,87142,87143,87146],{},[15,87144,87145],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[43,87148,87149,87152],{},[15,87150,87151],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87154,2455],{},[62,87156,87158],{"className":64,"code":87157,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87159,87160,87165,87208],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87161,87162],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87163,87164],{"class":1439},"# Read a text file\n",[71,87166,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87168,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87170,86735],{"class":127},[71,87172,90],{"class":89},[71,87174,3184],{"class":99},[71,87176,87177],{"class":103},"data.txt",[71,87179,3184],{"class":99},[71,87181,109],{"class":89},[71,87183,3683],{"class":99},[71,87185,60642],{"class":103},[71,87187,3184],{"class":99},[71,87189,109],{"class":89},[71,87191,86757],{"class":93},[71,87193,82],{"class":81},[71,87195,3184],{"class":99},[71,87197,86764],{"class":103},[71,87199,3184],{"class":99},[71,87201,3993],{"class":89},[71,87203,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87205,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87207,6731],{"class":89},[71,87209,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87211,8408],{"class":127},[71,87213,90],{"class":89},[71,87215,86880],{"class":86773},[71,87217,60],{"class":89},[71,87219,86790],{"class":133},[71,87221,7534],{"class":89},[62,87223,87225],{"className":64,"code":87224,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87226,87227,87232,87274],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87228,87229],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87230,87231],{"class":1439},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[71,87233,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87235,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87237,86735],{"class":127},[71,87239,90],{"class":89},[71,87241,3184],{"class":99},[71,87243,87177],{"class":103},[71,87245,3184],{"class":99},[71,87247,109],{"class":89},[71,87249,3683],{"class":99},[71,87251,60625],{"class":103},[71,87253,3184],{"class":99},[71,87255,109],{"class":89},[71,87257,86757],{"class":93},[71,87259,82],{"class":81},[71,87261,3184],{"class":99},[71,87263,86764],{"class":103},[71,87265,3184],{"class":99},[71,87267,3993],{"class":89},[71,87269,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87271,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87273,6731],{"class":89},[71,87275,87276,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87292,87294],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87277,87278],{"class":86773},"    file",[71,87280,60],{"class":89},[71,87282,70333],{"class":133},[71,87284,90],{"class":89},[71,87286,3184],{"class":99},[71,87288,34991],{"class":103},[71,87290,87291],{"class":34576},"\\n",[71,87293,3184],{"class":99},[71,87295,121],{"class":89},[62,87297,87299],{"className":64,"code":87298,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87300,87301,87306,87348],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87302,87303],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87304,87305],{"class":1439},"# Append to a text file\n",[71,87307,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87309,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87311,86735],{"class":127},[71,87313,90],{"class":89},[71,87315,3184],{"class":99},[71,87317,87177],{"class":103},[71,87319,3184],{"class":99},[71,87321,109],{"class":89},[71,87323,3683],{"class":99},[71,87325,56],{"class":103},[71,87327,3184],{"class":99},[71,87329,109],{"class":89},[71,87331,86757],{"class":93},[71,87333,82],{"class":81},[71,87335,3184],{"class":99},[71,87337,86764],{"class":103},[71,87339,3184],{"class":99},[71,87341,3993],{"class":89},[71,87343,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87345,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87347,6731],{"class":89},[71,87349,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87363,87365,87367],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87351,87278],{"class":86773},[71,87353,60],{"class":89},[71,87355,70333],{"class":133},[71,87357,90],{"class":89},[71,87359,3184],{"class":99},[71,87361,87362],{"class":103},"Another line",[71,87364,87291],{"class":34576},[71,87366,3184],{"class":99},[71,87368,121],{"class":89},[20,87370,69485,87371,87373],{},[15,87372,87128],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[288,87375,87377],{"id":87376},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87379,87380,22092,87382,60],{},[15,87381,86713],{},[30,87383,86838],{},[20,87385,87386],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[40,87388,87389,87394,87399],{},[43,87390,87391],{},[15,87392,87393],{},"file.read()",[43,87395,87396],{},[15,87397,87398],{},"file.write()",[43,87400,87401],{},[15,87402,87403],{},"file.close()",[20,87405,87406],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87408,2537],{},[62,87410,87412],{"className":64,"code":87411,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87413,87414,87456],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87415,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87417,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87419,86735],{"class":127},[71,87421,90],{"class":89},[71,87423,3184],{"class":99},[71,87425,86742],{"class":103},[71,87427,3184],{"class":99},[71,87429,109],{"class":89},[71,87431,3683],{"class":99},[71,87433,60642],{"class":103},[71,87435,3184],{"class":99},[71,87437,109],{"class":89},[71,87439,86757],{"class":93},[71,87441,82],{"class":81},[71,87443,3184],{"class":99},[71,87445,86764],{"class":103},[71,87447,3184],{"class":99},[71,87449,3993],{"class":89},[71,87451,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87453,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87455,6731],{"class":89},[71,87457,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87459,8408],{"class":127},[71,87461,90],{"class":89},[71,87463,735],{"class":85},[71,87465,90],{"class":89},[71,87467,86880],{"class":86773},[71,87469,204],{"class":89},[20,87471,30150],{},[62,87473,87475],{"className":64,"code":87474,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87476,87477],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87478,87479,87481,87483,87485,87488,87490],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87480,765],{"class":81},[71,87482,769],{"class":768},[71,87484,231],{"class":99},[71,87486,87487],{"class":103},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[71,87489,100],{"class":99},[71,87491,778],{"class":81},[20,87493,87494,87495,87497],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87496,86713],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[288,87499,87501],{"id":87500},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87503,87504],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[62,87506,87507],{"className":64,"code":86725,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,87508,87509,87551,87565],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87510,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87512,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87514,86735],{"class":127},[71,87516,90],{"class":89},[71,87518,3184],{"class":99},[71,87520,86742],{"class":103},[71,87522,3184],{"class":99},[71,87524,109],{"class":89},[71,87526,3683],{"class":99},[71,87528,60642],{"class":103},[71,87530,3184],{"class":99},[71,87532,109],{"class":89},[71,87534,86757],{"class":93},[71,87536,82],{"class":81},[71,87538,3184],{"class":99},[71,87540,86764],{"class":103},[71,87542,3184],{"class":99},[71,87544,3993],{"class":89},[71,87546,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87548,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87550,6731],{"class":89},[71,87552,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87554,86781],{"class":77},[71,87556,82],{"class":81},[71,87558,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87560,60],{"class":89},[71,87562,86790],{"class":133},[71,87564,369],{"class":89},[71,87566,87567,87569,87571,87573],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87568,8408],{"class":127},[71,87570,90],{"class":89},[71,87572,86801],{"class":133},[71,87574,121],{"class":89},[20,87576,87577],{},"Why this is recommended:",[40,87579,87580,87585,87591,87594],{},[43,87581,87582,87584],{},[15,87583,86732],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[43,87586,87587,87588,87590],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87589,86868],{}," yourself",[43,87592,87593],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[43,87595,87596],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87598,83890,87599,87601],{},[15,87600,86732],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[62,87603,87604],{"className":64,"code":86873,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,87605,87606,87644,87658,87668],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87607,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87609,86880],{"class":86773},[71,87611,13387],{"class":81},[71,87613,86735],{"class":127},[71,87615,90],{"class":89},[71,87617,3184],{"class":99},[71,87619,86742],{"class":103},[71,87621,3184],{"class":99},[71,87623,109],{"class":89},[71,87625,3683],{"class":99},[71,87627,60642],{"class":103},[71,87629,3184],{"class":99},[71,87631,109],{"class":89},[71,87633,86757],{"class":93},[71,87635,82],{"class":81},[71,87637,3184],{"class":99},[71,87639,86764],{"class":103},[71,87641,3184],{"class":99},[71,87643,121],{"class":89},[71,87645,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87647,86919],{"class":77},[71,87649,82],{"class":81},[71,87651,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87653,60],{"class":89},[71,87655,86790],{"class":133},[71,87657,369],{"class":89},[71,87659,87660,87662,87664,87666],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87661,128],{"class":127},[71,87663,90],{"class":89},[71,87665,86801],{"class":133},[71,87667,121],{"class":89},[71,87669,87670,87672,87674,87676],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,87671,86880],{"class":86773},[71,87673,60],{"class":89},[71,87675,86948],{"class":133},[71,87677,369],{"class":89},[20,87679,87680],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[288,87682,87684],{"id":87683},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87686,87687,87688,87690],{},"Use mode ",[15,87689,86811],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[350,87692,87694],{"id":87693},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87696,87697,87699],{},[15,87698,86848],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[62,87701,87702],{"className":64,"code":86725,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,87703,87704,87746,87760],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87705,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87707,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87709,86735],{"class":127},[71,87711,90],{"class":89},[71,87713,3184],{"class":99},[71,87715,86742],{"class":103},[71,87717,3184],{"class":99},[71,87719,109],{"class":89},[71,87721,3683],{"class":99},[71,87723,60642],{"class":103},[71,87725,3184],{"class":99},[71,87727,109],{"class":89},[71,87729,86757],{"class":93},[71,87731,82],{"class":81},[71,87733,3184],{"class":99},[71,87735,86764],{"class":103},[71,87737,3184],{"class":99},[71,87739,3993],{"class":89},[71,87741,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87743,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87745,6731],{"class":89},[71,87747,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87749,86781],{"class":77},[71,87751,82],{"class":81},[71,87753,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87755,60],{"class":89},[71,87757,86790],{"class":133},[71,87759,369],{"class":89},[71,87761,87762,87764,87766,87768],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87763,8408],{"class":127},[71,87765,90],{"class":89},[71,87767,86801],{"class":133},[71,87769,121],{"class":89},[350,87771,87773],{"id":87772},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87775,87776,87778],{},[15,87777,86853],{}," reads one line at a time.",[62,87780,87782],{"className":64,"code":87781,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87783,87784,87826,87842],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87785,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87787,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87789,86735],{"class":127},[71,87791,90],{"class":89},[71,87793,3184],{"class":99},[71,87795,86742],{"class":103},[71,87797,3184],{"class":99},[71,87799,109],{"class":89},[71,87801,3683],{"class":99},[71,87803,60642],{"class":103},[71,87805,3184],{"class":99},[71,87807,109],{"class":89},[71,87809,86757],{"class":93},[71,87811,82],{"class":81},[71,87813,3184],{"class":99},[71,87815,86764],{"class":103},[71,87817,3184],{"class":99},[71,87819,3993],{"class":89},[71,87821,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87823,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87825,6731],{"class":89},[71,87827,87828,87831,87833,87835,87837,87840],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87829,87830],{"class":77},"    first_line ",[71,87832,82],{"class":81},[71,87834,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87836,60],{"class":89},[71,87838,87839],{"class":133},"readline",[71,87841,369],{"class":89},[71,87843,87844,87846,87848,87851],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87845,8408],{"class":127},[71,87847,90],{"class":89},[71,87849,87850],{"class":133},"first_line",[71,87852,121],{"class":89},[350,87854,87856],{"id":87855},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87858,87859],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[62,87861,87863],{"className":64,"code":87862,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87864,87865,87907,87921],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87866,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87868,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87870,86735],{"class":127},[71,87872,90],{"class":89},[71,87874,3184],{"class":99},[71,87876,86742],{"class":103},[71,87878,3184],{"class":99},[71,87880,109],{"class":89},[71,87882,3683],{"class":99},[71,87884,60642],{"class":103},[71,87886,3184],{"class":99},[71,87888,109],{"class":89},[71,87890,86757],{"class":93},[71,87892,82],{"class":81},[71,87894,3184],{"class":99},[71,87896,86764],{"class":103},[71,87898,3184],{"class":99},[71,87900,3993],{"class":89},[71,87902,47490],{"class":4209},[71,87904,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87906,6731],{"class":89},[71,87908,87909,87912,87915,87917,87919],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,87910,87911],{"class":4209},"    for",[71,87913,87914],{"class":77}," line ",[71,87916,4216],{"class":4209},[71,87918,86774],{"class":86773},[71,87920,6731],{"class":89},[71,87922,87923,87925,87927,87929,87931,87933],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,87924,47470],{"class":127},[71,87926,90],{"class":89},[71,87928,73],{"class":133},[71,87930,60],{"class":89},[71,87932,8976],{"class":133},[71,87934,7534],{"class":89},[20,87936,87937,87938,3209,87942,60],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[56,87939,87941],{"href":87940},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[56,87943,87945],{"href":87944},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[288,87947,87949],{"id":87948},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87951,283,87952,87954],{},[15,87953,87128],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[62,87956,87958],{"className":64,"code":87957,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87959,87960,88003,88024],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,87961,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,87963,86732],{"class":4209},[71,87965,86735],{"class":127},[71,87967,90],{"class":89},[71,87969,3184],{"class":99},[71,87971,87972],{"class":103},"output.txt",[71,87974,3184],{"class":99},[71,87976,109],{"class":89},[71,87978,3683],{"class":99},[71,87980,60625],{"class":103},[71,87982,3184],{"class":99},[71,87984,109],{"class":89},[71,87986,86757],{"class":93},[71,87988,82],{"class":81},[71,87990,3184],{"class":99},[71,87992,86764],{"class":103},[71,87994,3184],{"class":99},[71,87996,3993],{"class":89},[71,87998,47490],{"class":4209},[71,88000,86774],{"class":86773},[71,88002,6731],{"class":89},[71,88004,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015,88018,88020,88022],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88006,87278],{"class":86773},[71,88008,60],{"class":89},[71,88010,70333],{"class":133},[71,88012,90],{"class":89},[71,88014,3184],{"class":99},[71,88016,88017],{"class":103},"First line",[71,88019,87291],{"class":34576},[71,88021,3184],{"class":99},[71,88023,121],{"class":89},[71,88025,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88039,88041,88043],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,88027,87278],{"class":86773},[71,88029,60],{"class":89},[71,88031,70333],{"class":133},[71,88033,90],{"class":89},[71,88035,3184],{"class":99},[71,88037,88038],{"class":103},"Second line",[71,88040,87291],{"class":34576},[71,88042,3184],{"class":99},[71,88044,121],{"class":89},[20,88046,283,88047,88049],{},[15,88048,18211],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[62,88051,88053],{"className":64,"code":88052,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88054,88055,88097],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88056,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88058,86732],{"class":4209},[71,88060,86735],{"class":127},[71,88062,90],{"class":89},[71,88064,3184],{"class":99},[71,88066,87972],{"class":103},[71,88068,3184],{"class":99},[71,88070,109],{"class":89},[71,88072,3683],{"class":99},[71,88074,56],{"class":103},[71,88076,3184],{"class":99},[71,88078,109],{"class":89},[71,88080,86757],{"class":93},[71,88082,82],{"class":81},[71,88084,3184],{"class":99},[71,88086,86764],{"class":103},[71,88088,3184],{"class":99},[71,88090,3993],{"class":89},[71,88092,47490],{"class":4209},[71,88094,86774],{"class":86773},[71,88096,6731],{"class":89},[71,88098,88099,88101,88103,88105,88107,88109,88112,88114,88116],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88100,87278],{"class":86773},[71,88102,60],{"class":89},[71,88104,70333],{"class":133},[71,88106,90],{"class":89},[71,88108,3184],{"class":99},[71,88110,88111],{"class":103},"Third line",[71,88113,87291],{"class":34576},[71,88115,3184],{"class":99},[71,88117,121],{"class":89},[20,88119,88120],{},"Important detail:",[40,88122,88123,88128,88135],{},[43,88124,88125,88127],{},[15,88126,86863],{}," writes a string",[43,88129,88130,14165,88132,88134],{},[15,88131,86863],{},[30,88133,4967],{}," add a newline for you",[43,88136,88137,88138,87590],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88139,87291],{},[20,88141,88142,88143,3209,88147,60],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[56,88144,88146],{"href":88145},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[56,88148,88150],{"href":88149},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[288,88152,88154],{"id":88153},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88156,88157],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[350,88159,88161],{"id":88160},"encodingutf-8",[15,88162,87108],{},[20,88164,88165],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[62,88167,88169],{"className":64,"code":88168,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88170,88171,88214],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88172,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208,88210,88212],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88174,86732],{"class":4209},[71,88176,86735],{"class":127},[71,88178,90],{"class":89},[71,88180,3184],{"class":99},[71,88182,88183],{"class":103},"message.txt",[71,88185,3184],{"class":99},[71,88187,109],{"class":89},[71,88189,3683],{"class":99},[71,88191,60642],{"class":103},[71,88193,3184],{"class":99},[71,88195,109],{"class":89},[71,88197,86757],{"class":93},[71,88199,82],{"class":81},[71,88201,3184],{"class":99},[71,88203,86764],{"class":103},[71,88205,3184],{"class":99},[71,88207,3993],{"class":89},[71,88209,47490],{"class":4209},[71,88211,86774],{"class":86773},[71,88213,6731],{"class":89},[71,88215,88216,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88217,8408],{"class":127},[71,88219,90],{"class":89},[71,88221,86880],{"class":86773},[71,88223,60],{"class":89},[71,88225,86790],{"class":133},[71,88227,7534],{"class":89},[20,88229,88230],{},"Why it matters:",[40,88232,88233,88236,88239],{},[43,88234,88235],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[43,88237,88238],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[43,88240,88241],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[350,88243,88245],{"id":88244},"newline",[15,88246,88244],{},[20,88248,88249],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88251,88252],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[350,88254,88256],{"id":88255},"buffering",[15,88257,88255],{},[20,88259,88260],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88262,88263],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[288,88265,88267],{"id":88266},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88269,88270],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[350,88272,88274],{"id":88273},"filenotfounderror",[15,88275,88276],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88278,88279],{},"This happens when:",[40,88281,88282,88285,88288],{},[43,88283,88284],{},"the file does not exist",[43,88286,88287],{},"the path is wrong",[43,88289,88290],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88292,2537],{},[62,88294,88296],{"className":64,"code":88295,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88297,88298,88341],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88299,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88311,88313,88315,88317,88319,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88301,86732],{"class":4209},[71,88303,86735],{"class":127},[71,88305,90],{"class":89},[71,88307,3184],{"class":99},[71,88309,88310],{"class":103},"missing.txt",[71,88312,3184],{"class":99},[71,88314,109],{"class":89},[71,88316,3683],{"class":99},[71,88318,60642],{"class":103},[71,88320,3184],{"class":99},[71,88322,109],{"class":89},[71,88324,86757],{"class":93},[71,88326,82],{"class":81},[71,88328,3184],{"class":99},[71,88330,86764],{"class":103},[71,88332,3184],{"class":99},[71,88334,3993],{"class":89},[71,88336,47490],{"class":4209},[71,88338,86774],{"class":86773},[71,88340,6731],{"class":89},[71,88342,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88344,8408],{"class":127},[71,88346,90],{"class":89},[71,88348,86880],{"class":86773},[71,88350,60],{"class":89},[71,88352,86790],{"class":133},[71,88354,7534],{"class":89},[20,88356,88357,88358,1560,88366,60],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[56,88359,88361,88362,88365],{"href":88360},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[71,88363,88364],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[56,88367,88369],{"href":88368},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[350,88371,88373],{"id":88372},"permissionerror",[15,88374,88375],{},"PermissionError",[20,88377,88378],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88380,88381],{},"Example causes:",[40,88383,88384,88387,88390],{},[43,88385,88386],{},"the file is protected",[43,88388,88389],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[43,88391,88392],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88394,88395,88396],{},"Related page: ",[56,88397,88399,88400,88403],{"href":88398},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[71,88401,88402],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[350,88405,88407],{"id":88406},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88408,88409],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88411,88412],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88414,2537],{},[62,88416,88418],{"className":64,"code":88417,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88419,88420,88463],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88421,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88423,86732],{"class":4209},[71,88425,86735],{"class":127},[71,88427,90],{"class":89},[71,88429,3184],{"class":99},[71,88431,88432],{"class":103},"my_folder",[71,88434,3184],{"class":99},[71,88436,109],{"class":89},[71,88438,3683],{"class":99},[71,88440,60642],{"class":103},[71,88442,3184],{"class":99},[71,88444,109],{"class":89},[71,88446,86757],{"class":93},[71,88448,82],{"class":81},[71,88450,3184],{"class":99},[71,88452,86764],{"class":103},[71,88454,3184],{"class":99},[71,88456,3993],{"class":89},[71,88458,47490],{"class":4209},[71,88460,86774],{"class":86773},[71,88462,6731],{"class":89},[71,88464,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88466,8408],{"class":127},[71,88468,90],{"class":89},[71,88470,86880],{"class":86773},[71,88472,60],{"class":89},[71,88474,86790],{"class":133},[71,88476,7534],{"class":89},[20,88478,88395,88479],{},[56,88480,88482,88483,88486],{"href":88481},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[71,88484,88485],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[350,88488,88490],{"id":88489},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88491,88492],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88494,88495,88496,60],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88497,86713],{},[20,88499,88395,88500],{},[56,88501,88503],{"href":88502},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[288,88505,88507],{"id":88506},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88509,88510,88511,88513],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88512,86713],{}," function.",[20,88515,88516],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[40,88518,88519,88522,88525,88531],{},[43,88520,88521],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[43,88523,88524],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[43,88526,88527,88528,88530],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88529,86713],{}," itself",[43,88532,88533,88534],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[56,88535,88537],{"href":88536},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[288,88539,2054],{"id":2053},[20,88541,88542,88543,228],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88544,86713],{},[40,88546,88547,88552,88558,88563,88566,88569],{},[43,88548,8758,88549,88551],{},[15,88550,86811],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[43,88553,88554,88555,88557],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88556,87012],{}," for text files",[43,88559,8758,88560,88562],{},[15,88561,87128],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[43,88564,88565],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[43,88567,88568],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[43,88570,88571],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88573,88574],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[62,88576,88578],{"className":64,"code":88577,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88579,88580,88587],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88581,88582,88584],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88583,35215],{"class":4209},[71,88585,88586],{"class":77}," os\n",[71,88588,88589,88591,88593,88595,88597,88600],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88590,128],{"class":127},[71,88592,90],{"class":89},[71,88594,42756],{"class":133},[71,88596,60],{"class":89},[71,88598,88599],{"class":133},"getcwd",[71,88601,7534],{"class":89},[20,88603,88604],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[62,88606,88608],{"className":64,"code":88607,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88609,88610,88616],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88611,88612,88614],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88613,35215],{"class":4209},[71,88615,88586],{"class":77},[71,88617,88618,88620,88622,88624,88626,88629,88631,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88619,128],{"class":127},[71,88621,90],{"class":89},[71,88623,42756],{"class":133},[71,88625,60],{"class":89},[71,88627,88628],{"class":24868},"path",[71,88630,60],{"class":89},[71,88632,88633],{"class":133},"exists",[71,88635,90],{"class":89},[71,88637,3184],{"class":99},[71,88639,86742],{"class":103},[71,88641,3184],{"class":99},[71,88643,204],{"class":89},[20,88645,88646],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[62,88648,88650],{"className":64,"code":88649,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88651,88652,88658],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88653,88654,88656],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88655,35215],{"class":4209},[71,88657,88586],{"class":77},[71,88659,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672,88675,88677,88679,88681,88683],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88661,128],{"class":127},[71,88663,90],{"class":89},[71,88665,42756],{"class":133},[71,88667,60],{"class":89},[71,88669,88628],{"class":24868},[71,88671,60],{"class":89},[71,88673,88674],{"class":133},"isfile",[71,88676,90],{"class":89},[71,88678,3184],{"class":99},[71,88680,86742],{"class":103},[71,88682,3184],{"class":99},[71,88684,204],{"class":89},[20,88686,88687],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[62,88689,88691],{"className":64,"code":88690,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88692,88693,88735],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88694,88695,88697,88699,88701,88703,88705,88707,88709,88711,88713,88715,88717,88719,88721,88723,88725,88727,88729,88731,88733],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88696,86732],{"class":4209},[71,88698,86735],{"class":127},[71,88700,90],{"class":89},[71,88702,3184],{"class":99},[71,88704,86742],{"class":103},[71,88706,3184],{"class":99},[71,88708,109],{"class":89},[71,88710,3683],{"class":99},[71,88712,60642],{"class":103},[71,88714,3184],{"class":99},[71,88716,109],{"class":89},[71,88718,86757],{"class":93},[71,88720,82],{"class":81},[71,88722,3184],{"class":99},[71,88724,86764],{"class":103},[71,88726,3184],{"class":99},[71,88728,3993],{"class":89},[71,88730,47490],{"class":4209},[71,88732,86774],{"class":86773},[71,88734,6731],{"class":89},[71,88736,88737,88739,88741,88743,88745,88747],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88738,8408],{"class":127},[71,88740,90],{"class":89},[71,88742,86880],{"class":86773},[71,88744,60],{"class":89},[71,88746,86790],{"class":133},[71,88748,7534],{"class":89},[20,88750,88751],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[288,88753,2163],{"id":2162},[350,88755,88757],{"id":88756},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88759,88760],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[350,88762,88764],{"id":88763},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88766,88767,88768,88770],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88769,86732],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[350,88772,2167,88774,1560,88776,88778],{"id":88773},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88775,87128],{},[15,88777,18211],{}," mode?",[20,88780,88781,88783,88784,88786],{},[15,88782,87128],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88785,18211],{}," adds new content to the end.",[350,88788,88790],{"id":88789},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88792,88793],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[350,88795,88797],{"id":88796},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88799,88800,88801,88803],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88802,87108],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[288,88805,2221],{"id":2220},[40,88807,88808,88812,88816,88820,88824,88828,88832,88838],{},[43,88809,88810],{},[56,88811,87941],{"href":87940},[43,88813,88814],{},[56,88815,88146],{"href":88145},[43,88817,88818],{},[56,88819,88150],{"href":88149},[43,88821,88822],{},[56,88823,87945],{"href":87944},[43,88825,88826],{},[56,88827,88537],{"href":88536},[43,88829,88830],{},[56,88831,88369],{"href":88368},[43,88833,88834],{},[56,88835,88361,88836,88365],{"href":88360},[71,88837,88364],{},[43,88839,88840],{},[56,88841,88399,88842,88403],{"href":88398},[71,88843,88402],{},[2250,88845,88846],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":88848},[88849,88850,88851,88852,88853,88854,88855,88860,88861,88866,88872,88873,88874,88882],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":86815,"depth":124,"text":86816},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":87112,"depth":124,"text":87113},{"id":87376,"depth":124,"text":87377},{"id":87500,"depth":124,"text":87501},{"id":87683,"depth":124,"text":87684,"children":88856},[88857,88858,88859],{"id":87693,"depth":139,"text":87694},{"id":87772,"depth":139,"text":87773},{"id":87855,"depth":139,"text":87856},{"id":87948,"depth":124,"text":87949},{"id":88153,"depth":124,"text":88154,"children":88862},[88863,88864,88865],{"id":88160,"depth":139,"text":87108},{"id":88244,"depth":139,"text":88244},{"id":88255,"depth":139,"text":88255},{"id":88266,"depth":124,"text":88267,"children":88867},[88868,88869,88870,88871],{"id":88273,"depth":139,"text":88276},{"id":88372,"depth":139,"text":88375},{"id":88406,"depth":139,"text":88409},{"id":88489,"depth":139,"text":88492},{"id":88506,"depth":124,"text":88507},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":88875},[88876,88877,88878,88880,88881],{"id":88756,"depth":139,"text":88757},{"id":88763,"depth":139,"text":88764},{"id":88773,"depth":139,"text":88879},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88789,"depth":139,"text":88790},{"id":88796,"depth":139,"text":88797},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86703,"description":88883},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88890,"title":88891,"body":88892,"description":90887,"extension":2292,"meta":90888,"navigation":142,"path":90889,"seo":90890,"stem":90891,"__hash__":90892},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88893,"toc":90834},[88894,88899,88904,88910,88912,88980,88982,89001,89006,89011,89016,89019,89031,89033,89076,89078,89096,89107,89109,89111,89136,89138,89149,89151,89211,89213,89239,89242,89246,89251,89255,89258,89292,89296,89299,89324,89328,89351,89355,89388,89393,89397,89402,89405,89473,89475,89499,89504,89507,89538,89540,89572,89589,89593,89598,89622,89629,89634,89639,89642,89646,89681,89683,89692,89696,89787,89789,89820,89825,89832,89837,89846,89849,89883,89885,89899,89903,89944,89946,89955,89959,90007,90009,90023,90028,90039,90046,90052,90054,90089,90091,90105,90108,90130,90136,90165,90176,90182,90188,90202,90204,90283,90285,90335,90342,90344,90349,90353,90356,90371,90376,90378,90397,90403,90406,90421,90423,90441,90447,90452,90482,90485,90508,90511,90538,90545,90551,90559,90582,90587,90595,90597,90617,90621,90627,90677,90680,90702,90704,90710,90718,90724,90730,90738,90743,90747,90750,90773,90778,90785,90797,90799,90831],[10,88895,13,88897,18],{"id":88896},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88898,46584],{},[20,88900,32439,88901,88903],{},[15,88902,46584],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88905,88906,88907,88909],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88908,46584],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[288,88911,2334],{"id":2333},[62,88913,88915],{"className":64,"code":88914,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88916,88917,88929,88938,88942,88952,88962],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88918,88919,88921,88923,88925,88927],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88920,8215],{"class":77},[71,88922,82],{"class":81},[71,88924,3683],{"class":99},[71,88926,8260],{"class":103},[71,88928,3689],{"class":99},[71,88930,88931,88933,88935],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88932,21745],{"class":77},[71,88934,82],{"class":81},[71,88936,88937],{"class":117}," 12\n",[71,88939,88940],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,88941,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,88943,88944,88946,88948,88950],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,88945,128],{"class":127},[71,88947,90],{"class":89},[71,88949,94],{"class":133},[71,88951,121],{"class":89},[71,88953,88954,88956,88958,88960],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,88955,128],{"class":127},[71,88957,90],{"class":89},[71,88959,242],{"class":133},[71,88961,121],{"class":89},[71,88963,88964,88966,88968,88970,88972,88974,88976,88978],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,88965,128],{"class":127},[71,88967,90],{"class":89},[71,88969,3184],{"class":99},[71,88971,34991],{"class":103},[71,88973,3184],{"class":99},[71,88975,109],{"class":89},[71,88977,36117],{"class":133},[71,88979,121],{"class":89},[20,88981,209],{},[62,88983,88985],{"className":64,"code":88984,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88986,88987,88992,88996],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,88988,88989],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,88990,88991],{"class":77},"Mia\n",[71,88993,88994],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,88995,2555],{"class":117},[71,88997,88998],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,88999,89000],{"class":77},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89002,283,89003,89005],{},[15,89004,46584],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[288,89007,291,89009,294],{"id":89008},"what-print-does",[15,89010,46584],{},[20,89012,89013,89015],{},[15,89014,46584],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89017,89018],{},"You can use it to display:",[40,89020,89021,89023,89025,89028],{},[43,89022,34832],{},[43,89024,3980],{},[43,89026,89027],{},"variables",[43,89029,89030],{},"expressions",[20,89032,2537],{},[62,89034,89036],{"className":64,"code":89035,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89037,89038,89052,89062],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89039,89040,89042,89044,89046,89048,89050],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89041,128],{"class":127},[71,89043,90],{"class":89},[71,89045,3184],{"class":99},[71,89047,34991],{"class":103},[71,89049,3184],{"class":99},[71,89051,121],{"class":89},[71,89053,89054,89056,89058,89060],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89055,128],{"class":127},[71,89057,90],{"class":89},[71,89059,2466],{"class":117},[71,89061,121],{"class":89},[71,89063,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072,89074],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,89065,128],{"class":127},[71,89067,90],{"class":89},[71,89069,630],{"class":117},[71,89071,2785],{"class":81},[71,89073,701],{"class":117},[71,89075,121],{"class":89},[20,89077,209],{},[62,89079,89081],{"className":64,"code":89080,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89082,89083,89088,89092],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89084,89085],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89086,89087],{"class":77},"Hello\n",[71,89089,89090],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89091,3278],{"class":117},[71,89093,89094],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,89095,3278],{"class":117},[20,89097,89098,89099,89101,89102,89106],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89100,46584],{}," ",[30,89103,4023,89104],{},[15,89105,4110],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[288,89108,343],{"id":342},[20,89110,30846],{},[62,89112,89114],{"className":64,"code":89113,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89115,89116],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89117,89118,89120,89122,89125,89127,89130,89132,89134],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89119,128],{"class":127},[71,89121,90],{"class":89},[71,89123,89124],{"class":133},"object1",[71,89126,109],{"class":89},[71,89128,89129],{"class":133}," object2",[71,89131,109],{"class":89},[71,89133,34577],{"class":127},[71,89135,121],{"class":89},[20,89137,80341],{},[40,89139,89140,89143,89146],{},[43,89141,89142],{},"one value",[43,89144,89145],{},"many values",[43,89147,89148],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89150,2537],{},[62,89152,89154],{"className":64,"code":89153,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89155,89156,89170,89189],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89157,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89168],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89159,128],{"class":127},[71,89161,90],{"class":89},[71,89163,3184],{"class":99},[71,89165,57904],{"class":103},[71,89167,3184],{"class":99},[71,89169,121],{"class":89},[71,89171,89172,89174,89176,89178,89181,89183,89185,89187],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89173,128],{"class":127},[71,89175,90],{"class":89},[71,89177,3184],{"class":99},[71,89179,89180],{"class":103},"Score:",[71,89182,3184],{"class":99},[71,89184,109],{"class":89},[71,89186,6341],{"class":117},[71,89188,121],{"class":89},[71,89190,89191,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,89192,128],{"class":127},[71,89194,90],{"class":89},[71,89196,3184],{"class":99},[71,89198,45695],{"class":103},[71,89200,3184],{"class":99},[71,89202,109],{"class":89},[71,89204,2788],{"class":117},[71,89206,2785],{"class":81},[71,89208,37771],{"class":117},[71,89210,121],{"class":89},[20,89212,209],{},[62,89214,89216],{"className":64,"code":89215,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89217,89218,89222,89231],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89219,89220],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89221,85494],{"class":77},[71,89223,89224,89227,89229],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89225,89226],{"class":77},"Score",[71,89228,228],{"class":89},[71,89230,2918],{"class":117},[71,89232,89233,89235,89237],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,89234,45735],{"class":77},[71,89236,228],{"class":89},[71,89238,2918],{"class":117},[20,89240,89241],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[288,89243,89245],{"id":89244},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89247,89248,89249,60],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89250,46584],{},[350,89252,89254],{"id":89253},"print-text","Print text",[20,89256,89257],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[62,89259,89261],{"className":64,"code":89260,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89262,89263,89277],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89264,89265,89267,89269,89271,89273,89275],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89266,128],{"class":127},[71,89268,90],{"class":89},[71,89270,3184],{"class":99},[71,89272,34991],{"class":103},[71,89274,3184],{"class":99},[71,89276,121],{"class":89},[71,89278,89279,89281,89283,89285,89288,89290],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89280,128],{"class":127},[71,89282,90],{"class":89},[71,89284,3184],{"class":99},[71,89286,89287],{"class":103},"Python is fun",[71,89289,3184],{"class":99},[71,89291,121],{"class":89},[350,89293,89295],{"id":89294},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89297,89298],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[62,89300,89302],{"className":64,"code":89301,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89303,89304,89314],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89305,89306,89308,89310,89312],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89307,128],{"class":127},[71,89309,90],{"class":89},[71,89311,2466],{"class":117},[71,89313,121],{"class":89},[71,89315,89316,89318,89320,89322],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89317,128],{"class":127},[71,89319,90],{"class":89},[71,89321,40272],{"class":117},[71,89323,121],{"class":89},[350,89325,89327],{"id":89326},"print-variables","Print variables",[62,89329,89331],{"className":64,"code":89330,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89332,89333,89341],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89334,89335,89337,89339],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89336,5432],{"class":77},[71,89338,82],{"class":81},[71,89340,14242],{"class":117},[71,89342,89343,89345,89347,89349],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89344,128],{"class":127},[71,89346,90],{"class":89},[71,89348,85658],{"class":133},[71,89350,121],{"class":89},[350,89352,89354],{"id":89353},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[62,89356,89358],{"className":64,"code":89357,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89359,89360,89374],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89361,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370,89372],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89363,128],{"class":127},[71,89365,90],{"class":89},[71,89367,630],{"class":117},[71,89369,2785],{"class":81},[71,89371,701],{"class":117},[71,89373,121],{"class":89},[71,89375,89376,89378,89380,89382,89384,89386],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89377,128],{"class":127},[71,89379,90],{"class":89},[71,89381,2661],{"class":117},[71,89383,82970],{"class":81},[71,89385,2788],{"class":117},[71,89387,121],{"class":89},[20,89389,89390,89391,60],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[56,89392,51110],{"href":51109},[288,89394,89396],{"id":89395},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89398,89399,89401],{},[15,89400,46584],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89403,89404],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[62,89406,89408],{"className":64,"code":89407,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89409,89410,89423,89431,89435,89454],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89411,89412,89414,89416,89418,89421],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89413,8215],{"class":77},[71,89415,82],{"class":81},[71,89417,3683],{"class":99},[71,89419,89420],{"class":103},"Ava",[71,89422,3689],{"class":99},[71,89424,89425,89427,89429],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89426,21745],{"class":77},[71,89428,82],{"class":81},[71,89430,2918],{"class":117},[71,89432,89433],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,89434,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,89436,89437,89439,89441,89443,89446,89448,89450,89452],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,89438,128],{"class":127},[71,89440,90],{"class":89},[71,89442,3184],{"class":99},[71,89444,89445],{"class":103},"Name:",[71,89447,3184],{"class":99},[71,89449,109],{"class":89},[71,89451,36117],{"class":133},[71,89453,121],{"class":89},[71,89455,89456,89458,89460,89462,89465,89467,89469,89471],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,89457,128],{"class":127},[71,89459,90],{"class":89},[71,89461,3184],{"class":99},[71,89463,89464],{"class":103},"Age:",[71,89466,3184],{"class":99},[71,89468,109],{"class":89},[71,89470,112],{"class":133},[71,89472,121],{"class":89},[20,89474,209],{},[62,89476,89478],{"className":64,"code":89477,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89479,89480,89490],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89481,89482,89485,89487],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89483,89484],{"class":77},"Name",[71,89486,228],{"class":89},[71,89488,89489],{"class":77}," Ava\n",[71,89491,89492,89495,89497],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89493,89494],{"class":77},"Age",[71,89496,228],{"class":89},[71,89498,2918],{"class":117},[20,89500,89501,89502,60],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89503,2390],{},[20,89505,89506],{},"For example, this works:",[62,89508,89510],{"className":64,"code":89509,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89511,89512,89520],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89513,89514,89516,89518],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89515,21745],{"class":77},[71,89517,82],{"class":81},[71,89519,2918],{"class":117},[71,89521,89522,89524,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89523,128],{"class":127},[71,89525,90],{"class":89},[71,89527,3184],{"class":99},[71,89529,89464],{"class":103},[71,89531,3184],{"class":99},[71,89533,109],{"class":89},[71,89535,112],{"class":133},[71,89537,121],{"class":89},[20,89539,37053],{},[62,89541,89543],{"className":64,"code":89542,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89544,89545,89553],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89546,89547,89549,89551],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89548,21745],{"class":77},[71,89550,82],{"class":81},[71,89552,2918],{"class":117},[71,89554,89555,89557,89559,89561,89564,89566,89568,89570],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89556,128],{"class":127},[71,89558,90],{"class":89},[71,89560,3184],{"class":99},[71,89562,89563],{"class":103},"Age: ",[71,89565,3184],{"class":99},[71,89567,2785],{"class":81},[71,89569,112],{"class":133},[71,89571,121],{"class":89},[20,89573,89574,89575,89578,89579,89581,89582,89584,89585,60],{},"That fails because ",[15,89576,89577],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89580,242],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89583,2390],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[56,89586,89587],{"href":42305},[15,89588,47816],{},[288,89590,89592],{"id":89591},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89594,89595,89597],{},[15,89596,46584],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[40,89599,89600,89606,89611,89616],{},[43,89601,89602,89605],{},[15,89603,89604],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[43,89607,89608,89610],{},[15,89609,52795],{}," controls what is added after the output",[43,89612,89613,89615],{},[15,89614,86880],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[43,89617,89618,89621],{},[15,89619,89620],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89623,89624,89625,1560,89627,60],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89626,89604],{},[15,89628,52795],{},[288,89630,89632,36742],{"id":89631},"sep-argument",[15,89633,89604],{},[20,89635,2309,89636,89638],{},[15,89637,89604],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89640,89641],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[350,89643,89645],{"id":89644},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[62,89647,89649],{"className":64,"code":89648,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89650,89651],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89652,89653,89655,89657,89659,89661,89663,89665,89667,89669,89671,89673,89675,89677,89679],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89654,128],{"class":127},[71,89656,90],{"class":89},[71,89658,3184],{"class":99},[71,89660,13203],{"class":103},[71,89662,3184],{"class":99},[71,89664,109],{"class":89},[71,89666,3683],{"class":99},[71,89668,17570],{"class":103},[71,89670,3184],{"class":99},[71,89672,109],{"class":89},[71,89674,3683],{"class":99},[71,89676,13220],{"class":103},[71,89678,3184],{"class":99},[71,89680,121],{"class":89},[20,89682,209],{},[62,89684,89686],{"className":64,"code":89685,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"red green blue\n",[15,89687,89688],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89689,89690],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89691,89685],{"class":77},[350,89693,89695],{"id":89694},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[62,89697,89699],{"className":64,"code":89698,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89700,89701,89744],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89702,89703,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89734,89736,89738,89740,89742],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89704,128],{"class":127},[71,89706,90],{"class":89},[71,89708,3184],{"class":99},[71,89710,13203],{"class":103},[71,89712,3184],{"class":99},[71,89714,109],{"class":89},[71,89716,3683],{"class":99},[71,89718,17570],{"class":103},[71,89720,3184],{"class":99},[71,89722,109],{"class":89},[71,89724,3683],{"class":99},[71,89726,13220],{"class":103},[71,89728,3184],{"class":99},[71,89730,109],{"class":89},[71,89732,89733],{"class":93}," sep",[71,89735,82],{"class":81},[71,89737,3184],{"class":99},[71,89739,109],{"class":103},[71,89741,3184],{"class":99},[71,89743,121],{"class":89},[71,89745,89746,89748,89750,89752,89754,89756,89758,89760,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770,89772,89774,89776,89778,89780,89783,89785],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89747,128],{"class":127},[71,89749,90],{"class":89},[71,89751,3184],{"class":99},[71,89753,13203],{"class":103},[71,89755,3184],{"class":99},[71,89757,109],{"class":89},[71,89759,3683],{"class":99},[71,89761,17570],{"class":103},[71,89763,3184],{"class":99},[71,89765,109],{"class":89},[71,89767,3683],{"class":99},[71,89769,13220],{"class":103},[71,89771,3184],{"class":99},[71,89773,109],{"class":89},[71,89775,89733],{"class":93},[71,89777,82],{"class":81},[71,89779,3184],{"class":99},[71,89781,89782],{"class":103}," - ",[71,89784,3184],{"class":99},[71,89786,121],{"class":89},[20,89788,209],{},[62,89790,89792],{"className":64,"code":89791,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89793,89794,89806],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89795,89796,89798,89800,89802,89804],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89797,13203],{"class":77},[71,89799,109],{"class":89},[71,89801,17570],{"class":77},[71,89803,109],{"class":89},[71,89805,70119],{"class":77},[71,89807,89808,89811,89813,89816,89818],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89809,89810],{"class":77},"red ",[71,89812,2353],{"class":81},[71,89814,89815],{"class":77}," green ",[71,89817,2353],{"class":81},[71,89819,36006],{"class":77},[20,89821,89822,89824],{},[15,89823,89604],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89826,89827,89828,60],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[56,89829,89831],{"href":89830},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[288,89833,89835,36742],{"id":89834},"end-argument",[15,89836,52795],{},[20,89838,89839,89840,89842,89843,89845],{},"By default, ",[15,89841,46584],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89844,46584],{}," starts on a new line.",[350,89847,89645],{"id":89848},"default-behavior-1",[62,89850,89852],{"className":64,"code":89851,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89853,89854,89868],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89855,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89857,128],{"class":127},[71,89859,90],{"class":89},[71,89861,3184],{"class":99},[71,89863,34991],{"class":103},[71,89865,3184],{"class":99},[71,89867,121],{"class":89},[71,89869,89870,89872,89874,89876,89879,89881],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89871,128],{"class":127},[71,89873,90],{"class":89},[71,89875,3184],{"class":99},[71,89877,89878],{"class":103},"World",[71,89880,3184],{"class":99},[71,89882,121],{"class":89},[20,89884,209],{},[62,89886,89888],{"className":64,"code":89887,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89889,89890,89894],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89891,89892],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89893,89087],{"class":77},[71,89895,89896],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89897,89898],{"class":77},"World\n",[350,89900,89902],{"id":89901},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[62,89904,89906],{"className":64,"code":89905,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89907,89908,89930],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89909,89910,89912,89914,89916,89918,89920,89922,89924,89926,89928],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89911,128],{"class":127},[71,89913,90],{"class":89},[71,89915,3184],{"class":99},[71,89917,34991],{"class":103},[71,89919,3184],{"class":99},[71,89921,109],{"class":89},[71,89923,65178],{"class":93},[71,89925,82],{"class":81},[71,89927,6609],{"class":99},[71,89929,121],{"class":89},[71,89931,89932,89934,89936,89938,89940,89942],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89933,128],{"class":127},[71,89935,90],{"class":89},[71,89937,3184],{"class":99},[71,89939,89878],{"class":103},[71,89941,3184],{"class":99},[71,89943,121],{"class":89},[20,89945,209],{},[62,89947,89949],{"className":64,"code":89948,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89950,89951],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89952,89953],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89954,89948],{"class":77},[350,89956,89958],{"id":89957},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[62,89960,89962],{"className":64,"code":89961,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89963,89964,89993],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,89965,89966,89968,89970,89972,89974,89976,89978,89980,89982,89984,89987,89989,89991],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,89967,128],{"class":127},[71,89969,90],{"class":89},[71,89971,3184],{"class":99},[71,89973,34991],{"class":103},[71,89975,3184],{"class":99},[71,89977,109],{"class":89},[71,89979,65178],{"class":93},[71,89981,82],{"class":81},[71,89983,3184],{"class":99},[71,89985,89986],{"class":103},"!",[71,89988,87291],{"class":34576},[71,89990,3184],{"class":99},[71,89992,121],{"class":89},[71,89994,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,89996,128],{"class":127},[71,89998,90],{"class":89},[71,90000,3184],{"class":99},[71,90002,89878],{"class":103},[71,90004,3184],{"class":99},[71,90006,121],{"class":89},[20,90008,209],{},[62,90010,90012],{"className":64,"code":90011,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90013,90014,90019],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90015,90016],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90017,90018],{"class":77},"Hello!\n",[71,90020,90021],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90022,89898],{"class":77},[20,90024,2309,90025,90027],{},[15,90026,52795],{}," argument is useful for:",[40,90029,90030,90033,90036],{},[43,90031,90032],{},"progress messages",[43,90034,90035],{},"inline output",[43,90037,90038],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[288,90040,90042,2728,90044],{"id":90041},"print-returns-none",[15,90043,46584],{},[15,90045,4110],{},[20,90047,90048,90049,90051],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90050,46584],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90053,2537],{},[62,90055,90057],{"className":64,"code":90056,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90058,90059,90079],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90060,90061,90063,90065,90068,90070,90072,90075,90077],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90062,1102],{"class":77},[71,90064,82],{"class":81},[71,90066,90067],{"class":127}," print",[71,90069,90],{"class":89},[71,90071,3184],{"class":99},[71,90073,90074],{"class":103},"Hi",[71,90076,3184],{"class":99},[71,90078,121],{"class":89},[71,90080,90081,90083,90085,90087],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90082,128],{"class":127},[71,90084,90],{"class":89},[71,90086,2594],{"class":133},[71,90088,121],{"class":89},[20,90090,209],{},[62,90092,90094],{"className":64,"code":90093,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90095,90096,90101],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90097,90098],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90099,90100],{"class":77},"Hi\n",[71,90102,90103],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90104,11916],{"class":4184},[20,90106,90107],{},"Why does this happen?",[40,90109,90110,90118,90123],{},[43,90111,90112,90115,90116],{},[15,90113,90114],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90117,90074],{},[43,90119,90120,90121],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90122,4110],{},[43,90124,90125,90126,12028,90128],{},"so ",[15,90127,2594],{},[15,90129,4110],{},[20,90131,90132,90133,90135],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90134,46584],{}," call.",[62,90137,90139],{"className":64,"code":90138,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90140,90141,90154],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90142,90143,90146,90148,90150,90152],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90144,90145],{"class":77},"message ",[71,90147,82],{"class":81},[71,90149,3683],{"class":99},[71,90151,90074],{"class":103},[71,90153,3689],{"class":99},[71,90155,90156,90158,90160,90163],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90157,128],{"class":127},[71,90159,90],{"class":89},[71,90161,90162],{"class":133},"message",[71,90164,121],{"class":89},[20,90166,90167,90168,90170,90171,90175],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90169,46584],{}," with functions like ",[56,90172,90173],{"href":8559},[15,90174,3289],{},", which do return a value.",[288,90177,90179,90180],{"id":90178},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90181,46584],{},[20,90183,90184,90185,90187],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90186,46584],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[40,90189,90190,90193,90196,90199],{},[43,90191,90192],{},"to display results to the user",[43,90194,90195],{},"to show messages in a script",[43,90197,90198],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[43,90200,90201],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90203,2537],{},[62,90205,90207],{"className":64,"code":90206,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90208,90209,90217,90221,90241,90252],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90210,90211,90213,90215],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90212,41312],{"class":77},[71,90214,82],{"class":81},[71,90216,38641],{"class":117},[71,90218,90219],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90220,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,90222,90223,90225,90227,90229,90231,90233,90235,90237,90239],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,90224,6294],{"class":4209},[71,90226,6724],{"class":77},[71,90228,4216],{"class":4209},[71,90230,54205],{"class":127},[71,90232,90],{"class":89},[71,90234,3320],{"class":117},[71,90236,109],{"class":89},[71,90238,2788],{"class":117},[71,90240,8682],{"class":89},[71,90242,90243,90246,90249],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,90244,90245],{"class":77},"    total ",[71,90247,90248],{"class":81},"+=",[71,90250,90251],{"class":77}," number\n",[71,90253,90254,90256,90258,90260,90263,90265,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277,90279,90281],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,90255,8408],{"class":127},[71,90257,90],{"class":89},[71,90259,3184],{"class":99},[71,90261,90262],{"class":103},"Current number:",[71,90264,3184],{"class":99},[71,90266,109],{"class":89},[71,90268,2526],{"class":133},[71,90270,109],{"class":89},[71,90272,3683],{"class":99},[71,90274,45695],{"class":103},[71,90276,3184],{"class":99},[71,90278,109],{"class":89},[71,90280,45702],{"class":133},[71,90282,121],{"class":89},[20,90284,209],{},[62,90286,90288],{"className":64,"code":90287,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90289,90290,90306,90320],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90291,90292,90295,90297,90299,90302,90304],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90293,90294],{"class":77},"Current number",[71,90296,228],{"class":89},[71,90298,165],{"class":117},[71,90300,90301],{"class":77}," Total",[71,90303,228],{"class":89},[71,90305,29735],{"class":117},[71,90307,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316,90318],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90309,90294],{"class":77},[71,90311,228],{"class":89},[71,90313,183],{"class":117},[71,90315,90301],{"class":77},[71,90317,228],{"class":89},[71,90319,2908],{"class":117},[71,90321,90322,90324,90326,90328,90330,90332],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,90323,90294],{"class":77},[71,90325,228],{"class":89},[71,90327,701],{"class":117},[71,90329,90301],{"class":77},[71,90331,228],{"class":89},[71,90333,90334],{"class":117}," 6\n",[20,90336,90337,90338,60],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[56,90339,90341],{"href":90340},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[288,90343,2054],{"id":2053},[20,90345,90346,90347,60],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90348,46584],{},[350,90350,90352],{"id":90351},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90354,90355],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[62,90357,90359],{"className":64,"code":90358,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90360,90361],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90362,90363,90365,90367,90369],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90364,128],{"class":127},[71,90366,90],{"class":89},[71,90368,34991],{"class":133},[71,90370,121],{"class":89},[20,90372,9216,90373,90375],{},[15,90374,34991],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90377,1781],{},[62,90379,90381],{"className":64,"code":90380,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90382,90383],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90384,90385,90387,90389,90391,90393,90395],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90386,128],{"class":127},[71,90388,90],{"class":89},[71,90390,3184],{"class":99},[71,90392,34991],{"class":103},[71,90394,3184],{"class":99},[71,90396,121],{"class":89},[350,90398,8758,90400,90402],{"id":90399},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90401,128],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90404,90405],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[62,90407,90409],{"className":64,"code":90408,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90410,90411],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90412,90413,90415,90417,90419],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90414,128],{"class":127},[71,90416,3683],{"class":99},[71,90418,34991],{"class":103},[71,90420,3689],{"class":99},[20,90422,1781],{},[62,90424,90425],{"className":64,"code":90380,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,90426,90427],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90428,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90430,128],{"class":127},[71,90432,90],{"class":89},[71,90434,3184],{"class":99},[71,90436,34991],{"class":103},[71,90438,3184],{"class":99},[71,90440,121],{"class":89},[350,90442,90444,90445],{"id":90443},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90446,2390],{},[20,90448,90449,90450,60],{},"This causes a ",[15,90451,3337],{},[62,90453,90454],{"className":64,"code":89542,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,90455,90456,90464],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90457,90458,90460,90462],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90459,21745],{"class":77},[71,90461,82],{"class":81},[71,90463,2918],{"class":117},[71,90465,90466,90468,90470,90472,90474,90476,90478,90480],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90467,128],{"class":127},[71,90469,90],{"class":89},[71,90471,3184],{"class":99},[71,90473,89563],{"class":103},[71,90475,3184],{"class":99},[71,90477,2785],{"class":81},[71,90479,112],{"class":133},[71,90481,121],{"class":89},[20,90483,90484],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[62,90486,90488],{"className":64,"code":90487,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90489,90490],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90491,90492,90494,90496,90498,90500,90502,90504,90506],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90493,128],{"class":127},[71,90495,90],{"class":89},[71,90497,3184],{"class":99},[71,90499,89464],{"class":103},[71,90501,3184],{"class":99},[71,90503,109],{"class":89},[71,90505,112],{"class":133},[71,90507,121],{"class":89},[20,90509,90510],{},"Or convert the number first:",[62,90512,90514],{"className":64,"code":90513,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90515,90516],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90517,90518,90520,90522,90524,90526,90528,90530,90532,90534,90536],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90519,128],{"class":127},[71,90521,90],{"class":89},[71,90523,3184],{"class":99},[71,90525,89563],{"class":103},[71,90527,3184],{"class":99},[71,90529,2785],{"class":81},[71,90531,49037],{"class":85},[71,90533,90],{"class":89},[71,90535,242],{"class":133},[71,90537,204],{"class":89},[20,90539,90540,90541,60],{},"If you see this error, read ",[56,90542,90544],{"href":90543},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[350,90546,8794,90548,90550],{"id":90547},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90549,46584],{}," to return a value",[20,90552,90553,90554,35454,90557,228],{},"This does not store ",[15,90555,90556],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90558,2594],{},[62,90560,90562],{"className":64,"code":90561,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90563,90564],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90565,90566,90568,90570,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90567,1102],{"class":77},[71,90569,82],{"class":81},[71,90571,90067],{"class":127},[71,90573,90],{"class":89},[71,90575,3184],{"class":99},[71,90577,34991],{"class":103},[71,90579,3184],{"class":99},[71,90581,121],{"class":89},[20,90583,90584,90585,60],{},"It stores ",[15,90586,4110],{},[350,90588,90590,90591,1560,90593],{"id":90589},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90592,89604],{},[15,90594,52795],{},[20,90596,85950],{},[40,90598,90599,90608],{},[43,90600,90601,90603,90604,90607],{},[15,90602,89604],{}," changes what goes ",[30,90605,90606],{},"between"," multiple values",[43,90609,90610,90612,90613,90616],{},[15,90611,52795],{}," changes what appears ",[30,90614,90615],{},"after"," the output",[288,90618,90620],{"id":90619},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90622,90623,90624,90626],{},"These simple ",[15,90625,46584],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[62,90628,90630],{"className":64,"code":90629,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90631,90632,90652,90667],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90633,90634,90636,90638,90640,90643,90645,90647,90650],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90635,128],{"class":127},[71,90637,90],{"class":89},[71,90639,3184],{"class":99},[71,90641,90642],{"class":103},"Debug:",[71,90644,3184],{"class":99},[71,90646,109],{"class":89},[71,90648,90649],{"class":133}," variable_name",[71,90651,121],{"class":89},[71,90653,90654,90656,90658,90660,90662,90665],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90655,128],{"class":127},[71,90657,90],{"class":89},[71,90659,735],{"class":85},[71,90661,90],{"class":89},[71,90663,90664],{"class":133},"variable_name",[71,90666,204],{"class":89},[71,90668,90669,90671,90673,90675],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,90670,32274],{"class":127},[71,90672,90],{"class":89},[71,90674,128],{"class":127},[71,90676,121],{"class":89},[20,90678,90679],{},"What they do:",[40,90681,90682,90688,90694],{},[43,90683,90684,90687],{},[15,90685,90686],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[43,90689,90690,90693],{},[15,90691,90692],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[43,90695,90696,90699,90700],{},[15,90697,90698],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90701,46584],{},[288,90703,2163],{"id":2162},[350,90705,12813,90707,90709],{"id":90706},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90708,46584],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90711,90712,90713,90715,90716,36748],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90714,46584],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90717,52795],{},[350,90719,2184,90721,90723],{"id":90720},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90722,46584],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90725,90726,90727,90729],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90728,46584],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[350,90731,2196,90733,5497,90736,2172],{"id":90732},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90734,90735],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90737,4110],{},[20,90739,29181,90740,90742],{},[15,90741,46584],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[350,90744,90746],{"id":90745},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90748,90749],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[62,90751,90753],{"className":64,"code":90752,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90754,90755],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90756,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765,90767,90769,90771],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90758,128],{"class":127},[71,90760,90],{"class":89},[71,90762,3184],{"class":99},[71,90764,89464],{"class":103},[71,90766,3184],{"class":99},[71,90768,109],{"class":89},[71,90770,6341],{"class":117},[71,90772,121],{"class":89},[20,90774,90775,90776,40058],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90777,47816],{},[350,90779,2167,90781,1560,90783,2172],{"id":90780},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90782,89604],{},[15,90784,52795],{},[40,90786,90787,90792],{},[43,90788,90789,90791],{},[15,90790,89604],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[43,90793,90794,90796],{},[15,90795,52795],{}," changes what appears after the output",[288,90798,2221],{"id":2220},[40,90800,90801,90805,90811,90817,90822,90827],{},[43,90802,90803],{},[56,90804,51110],{"href":51109},[43,90806,90807],{},[56,90808,13,90809,3841],{"href":8559},[15,90810,3289],{},[43,90812,90813],{},[56,90814,13,90815,3841],{"href":42305},[15,90816,47816],{},[43,90818,90819],{},[56,90820,90821],{"href":89830},"How to format strings in Python",[43,90823,90824],{},[56,90825,90826],{"href":90340},"How to debug Python code",[43,90828,90829],{},[56,90830,90544],{"href":90543},[2250,90832,90833],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":90835},[90836,90837,90839,90840,90846,90847,90848,90853,90859,90861,90863,90874,90875,90886],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":89008,"depth":124,"text":90838},"What print() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":89244,"depth":124,"text":89245,"children":90841},[90842,90843,90844,90845],{"id":89253,"depth":139,"text":89254},{"id":89294,"depth":139,"text":89295},{"id":89326,"depth":139,"text":89327},{"id":89353,"depth":139,"text":89354},{"id":89395,"depth":124,"text":89396},{"id":89591,"depth":124,"text":89592},{"id":89631,"depth":124,"text":90849,"children":90850},"sep argument",[90851,90852],{"id":89644,"depth":139,"text":89645},{"id":89694,"depth":139,"text":89695},{"id":89834,"depth":124,"text":90854,"children":90855},"end argument",[90856,90857,90858],{"id":89848,"depth":139,"text":89645},{"id":89901,"depth":139,"text":89902},{"id":89957,"depth":139,"text":89958},{"id":90041,"depth":124,"text":90860},"print() returns None",{"id":90178,"depth":124,"text":90862},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":90864},[90865,90866,90868,90870,90872],{"id":90351,"depth":139,"text":90352},{"id":90399,"depth":139,"text":90867},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90443,"depth":139,"text":90869},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90547,"depth":139,"text":90871},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90589,"depth":139,"text":90873},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90619,"depth":124,"text":90620},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":90876},[90877,90879,90881,90883,90884],{"id":90706,"depth":139,"text":90878},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90720,"depth":139,"text":90880},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90732,"depth":139,"text":90882},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90745,"depth":139,"text":90746},{"id":90780,"depth":139,"text":90885},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88891,"description":90887},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90894,"title":90895,"body":90896,"description":93200,"extension":2292,"meta":93201,"navigation":142,"path":93202,"seo":93203,"stem":93204,"__hash__":93205},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90897,"toc":93146},[90898,90903,90908,90921,90923,90988,90999,91004,91009,91011,91034,91037,91068,91070,91087,91092,91098,91103,91152,91155,91172,91178,91183,91206,91208,91236,91242,91250,91277,91279,91304,91310,91313,91344,91346,91375,91379,91382,91387,91409,91411,91439,91445,91451,91477,91479,91503,91509,91515,91545,91547,91575,91585,91589,91595,91628,91630,91659,91662,91665,91698,91700,91708,91714,91716,91739,91744,91753,91758,91772,91774,91814,91816,91846,91850,91885,91891,91895,91939,91941,91971,91977,91980,92059,92061,92083,92091,92094,92157,92165,92240,92246,92253,92258,92263,92286,92288,92309,92311,92324,92326,92373,92375,92414,92423,92425,92429,92433,92436,92463,92466,92495,92498,92522,92525,92533,92539,92561,92563,92591,92595,92600,92655,92660,92662,92719,92726,92735,92738,92770,92772,92780,92783,92789,92791,92814,92817,92823,92826,92845,92847,92866,92869,92891,92893,92921,92925,92929,93034,93036,93049,93051,93057,93060,93068,93073,93079,93085,93090,93098,93104,93111,93113,93143],[10,90899,13,90901,18],{"id":90900},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90902,36324],{},[20,90904,32439,90905,90907],{},[15,90906,36324],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90909,90910,90911,90913,90914,90916,90917,90920],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90912,6294],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90915,36324],{}," stops ",[30,90918,90919],{},"before"," the end value.",[288,90922,2334],{"id":2333},[62,90924,90926],{"className":64,"code":90925,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90927,90928,90944,90954,90958,90963,90968,90973,90978,90983],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,90929,90930,90932,90934,90936,90938,90940,90942],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,90931,6294],{"class":4209},[71,90933,69686],{"class":77},[71,90935,4216],{"class":4209},[71,90937,54205],{"class":127},[71,90939,90],{"class":89},[71,90941,2466],{"class":117},[71,90943,8682],{"class":89},[71,90945,90946,90948,90950,90952],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,90947,8408],{"class":127},[71,90949,90],{"class":89},[71,90951,36280],{"class":133},[71,90953,121],{"class":89},[71,90955,90956],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,90957,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,90959,90960],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,90961,90962],{"class":1439},"# Output:\n",[71,90964,90965],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,90966,90967],{"class":1439},"# 0\n",[71,90969,90970],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,90971,90972],{"class":1439},"# 1\n",[71,90974,90975],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,90976,90977],{"class":1439},"# 2\n",[71,90979,90980],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,90981,90982],{"class":1439},"# 3\n",[71,90984,90985],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,90986,90987],{"class":1439},"# 4\n",[20,90989,90990,90993,90994,90996,90997,60],{},[15,90991,90992],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90995,2449],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90998,2466],{},[288,91000,291,91002,294],{"id":91001},"what-range-does",[15,91003,36324],{},[20,91005,91006,91008],{},[15,91007,36324],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91010,13162],{},[40,91012,91013,91018,91024,91029],{},[43,91014,91015,91017],{},[15,91016,36324],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[43,91019,91020,91021,91023],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91022,6294],{}," loops",[43,91025,91026,91027],{},"The stop value is ",[30,91028,65207],{},[43,91030,17536,91031,91033],{},[15,91032,60135],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91035,91036],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[62,91038,91040],{"className":64,"code":91039,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91041,91042,91058],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91043,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054,91056],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91045,6294],{"class":4209},[71,91047,6724],{"class":77},[71,91049,4216],{"class":4209},[71,91051,54205],{"class":127},[71,91053,90],{"class":89},[71,91055,640],{"class":117},[71,91057,8682],{"class":89},[71,91059,91060,91062,91064,91066],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,91061,8408],{"class":127},[71,91063,90],{"class":89},[71,91065,2569],{"class":133},[71,91067,121],{"class":89},[20,91069,209],{},[62,91071,91073],{"className":64,"code":91072,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91074,91075,91079,91083],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91076,91077],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91078,47384],{"class":117},[71,91080,91081],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,91082,47049],{"class":117},[71,91084,91085],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,91086,17170],{"class":117},[20,91088,91089,91090,60],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[56,91091,36154],{"href":36153},[288,91093,91095,91097],{"id":91094},"range-syntax",[15,91096,36324],{}," syntax",[20,91099,91100,91102],{},[15,91101,36324],{}," has three common forms:",[62,91104,91106],{"className":64,"code":91105,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91107,91108,91118,91133],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91109,91110,91112,91114,91116],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91111,60135],{"class":127},[71,91113,90],{"class":89},[71,91115,75564],{"class":133},[71,91117,121],{"class":89},[71,91119,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91131],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,91121,60135],{"class":127},[71,91123,90],{"class":89},[71,91125,36198],{"class":133},[71,91127,109],{"class":89},[71,91129,91130],{"class":133}," stop",[71,91132,121],{"class":89},[71,91134,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91150],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,91136,60135],{"class":127},[71,91138,90],{"class":89},[71,91140,36198],{"class":133},[71,91142,109],{"class":89},[71,91144,91130],{"class":133},[71,91146,109],{"class":89},[71,91148,91149],{"class":133}," step",[71,91151,121],{"class":89},[20,91153,91154],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[40,91156,91157,91162,91167],{},[43,91158,91159,91161],{},[15,91160,36198],{}," = first number",[43,91163,91164,91166],{},[15,91165,75564],{}," = end limit, not included",[43,91168,91169,91171],{},[15,91170,75567],{}," = amount to move each time",[350,91173,91175],{"id":91174},"rangestop",[15,91176,91177],{},"range(stop)",[20,91179,91180,91181,60],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91182,2449],{},[62,91184,91186],{"className":64,"code":91185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91187,91188],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91189,91190,91192,91194,91196,91198,91200,91202,91204],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91191,128],{"class":127},[71,91193,90],{"class":89},[71,91195,8433],{"class":85},[71,91197,90],{"class":89},[71,91199,60135],{"class":127},[71,91201,90],{"class":89},[71,91203,2466],{"class":117},[71,91205,3243],{"class":89},[20,91207,209],{},[62,91209,91210],{"className":64,"code":60158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,91211,91212],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91213,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91215,4234],{"class":89},[71,91217,2449],{"class":117},[71,91219,109],{"class":89},[71,91221,165],{"class":117},[71,91223,109],{"class":89},[71,91225,183],{"class":117},[71,91227,109],{"class":89},[71,91229,701],{"class":117},[71,91231,109],{"class":89},[71,91233,2788],{"class":117},[71,91235,1757],{"class":89},[350,91237,91239],{"id":91238},"rangestart-stop",[15,91240,91241],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91243,91244,91245,91247,91248,60],{},"This starts at ",[15,91246,36198],{}," and stops before ",[15,91249,75564],{},[62,91251,91253],{"className":64,"code":91252,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91254,91255],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91256,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91258,128],{"class":127},[71,91260,90],{"class":89},[71,91262,8433],{"class":85},[71,91264,90],{"class":89},[71,91266,60135],{"class":127},[71,91268,90],{"class":89},[71,91270,630],{"class":117},[71,91272,109],{"class":89},[71,91274,37771],{"class":117},[71,91276,3243],{"class":89},[20,91278,209],{},[62,91280,91282],{"className":64,"code":91281,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91283,91284],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91285,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91287,4234],{"class":89},[71,91289,630],{"class":117},[71,91291,109],{"class":89},[71,91293,701],{"class":117},[71,91295,109],{"class":89},[71,91297,2788],{"class":117},[71,91299,109],{"class":89},[71,91301,4941],{"class":117},[71,91303,1757],{"class":89},[350,91305,91307],{"id":91306},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91308,91309],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91311,91312],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[62,91314,91316],{"className":64,"code":91315,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91317,91318],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91319,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91321,128],{"class":127},[71,91323,90],{"class":89},[71,91325,8433],{"class":85},[71,91327,90],{"class":89},[71,91329,60135],{"class":127},[71,91331,90],{"class":89},[71,91333,3320],{"class":117},[71,91335,109],{"class":89},[71,91337,6341],{"class":117},[71,91339,109],{"class":89},[71,91341,183],{"class":117},[71,91343,3243],{"class":89},[20,91345,209],{},[62,91347,91349],{"className":64,"code":91348,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91350,91351],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91352,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91354,4234],{"class":89},[71,91356,3320],{"class":117},[71,91358,109],{"class":89},[71,91360,701],{"class":117},[71,91362,109],{"class":89},[71,91364,4941],{"class":117},[71,91366,109],{"class":89},[71,91368,6330],{"class":117},[71,91370,109],{"class":89},[71,91372,54271],{"class":117},[71,91374,1757],{"class":89},[288,91376,91378],{"id":91377},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91380,91381],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[350,91383,91385],{"id":91384},"range5",[15,91386,90992],{},[62,91388,91389],{"className":64,"code":91185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,91390,91391],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91392,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91394,128],{"class":127},[71,91396,90],{"class":89},[71,91398,8433],{"class":85},[71,91400,90],{"class":89},[71,91402,60135],{"class":127},[71,91404,90],{"class":89},[71,91406,2466],{"class":117},[71,91408,3243],{"class":89},[20,91410,209],{},[62,91412,91413],{"className":64,"code":60158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,91414,91415],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91416,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91418,4234],{"class":89},[71,91420,2449],{"class":117},[71,91422,109],{"class":89},[71,91424,165],{"class":117},[71,91426,109],{"class":89},[71,91428,183],{"class":117},[71,91430,109],{"class":89},[71,91432,701],{"class":117},[71,91434,109],{"class":89},[71,91436,2788],{"class":117},[71,91438,1757],{"class":89},[20,91440,91244,91441,91247,91443,60],{},[15,91442,2449],{},[15,91444,2466],{},[350,91446,91448],{"id":91447},"range2-6",[15,91449,91450],{},"range(2, 6)",[62,91452,91453],{"className":64,"code":91252,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,91454,91455],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91458,128],{"class":127},[71,91460,90],{"class":89},[71,91462,8433],{"class":85},[71,91464,90],{"class":89},[71,91466,60135],{"class":127},[71,91468,90],{"class":89},[71,91470,630],{"class":117},[71,91472,109],{"class":89},[71,91474,37771],{"class":117},[71,91476,3243],{"class":89},[20,91478,209],{},[62,91480,91481],{"className":64,"code":91281,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,91482,91483],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91484,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91486,4234],{"class":89},[71,91488,630],{"class":117},[71,91490,109],{"class":89},[71,91492,701],{"class":117},[71,91494,109],{"class":89},[71,91496,2788],{"class":117},[71,91498,109],{"class":89},[71,91500,4941],{"class":117},[71,91502,1757],{"class":89},[20,91504,91244,91505,91247,91507,60],{},[15,91506,630],{},[15,91508,80732],{},[350,91510,91512],{"id":91511},"range1-10-2",[15,91513,91514],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[62,91516,91517],{"className":64,"code":91315,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,91518,91519],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91520,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91522,128],{"class":127},[71,91524,90],{"class":89},[71,91526,8433],{"class":85},[71,91528,90],{"class":89},[71,91530,60135],{"class":127},[71,91532,90],{"class":89},[71,91534,3320],{"class":117},[71,91536,109],{"class":89},[71,91538,6341],{"class":117},[71,91540,109],{"class":89},[71,91542,183],{"class":117},[71,91544,3243],{"class":89},[20,91546,209],{},[62,91548,91549],{"className":64,"code":91348,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,91550,91551],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91552,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91554,4234],{"class":89},[71,91556,3320],{"class":117},[71,91558,109],{"class":89},[71,91560,701],{"class":117},[71,91562,109],{"class":89},[71,91564,4941],{"class":117},[71,91566,109],{"class":89},[71,91568,6330],{"class":117},[71,91570,109],{"class":89},[71,91572,54271],{"class":117},[71,91574,1757],{"class":89},[20,91576,91577,91578,91580,91581,61438,91583,60],{},"This moves by ",[15,91579,630],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91582,3320],{},[15,91584,2474],{},[350,91586,91588],{"id":91587},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91590,91591,91592,91594],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91593,36324],{}," count backward.",[62,91596,91598],{"className":64,"code":91597,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91599,91600],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91601,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622,91624,91626],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91603,128],{"class":127},[71,91605,90],{"class":89},[71,91607,8433],{"class":85},[71,91609,90],{"class":89},[71,91611,60135],{"class":127},[71,91613,90],{"class":89},[71,91615,2466],{"class":117},[71,91617,109],{"class":89},[71,91619,4165],{"class":117},[71,91621,109],{"class":89},[71,91623,2552],{"class":81},[71,91625,3320],{"class":117},[71,91627,3243],{"class":89},[20,91629,209],{},[62,91631,91633],{"className":64,"code":91632,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91634,91635],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91636,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91638,4234],{"class":89},[71,91640,2466],{"class":117},[71,91642,109],{"class":89},[71,91644,2788],{"class":117},[71,91646,109],{"class":89},[71,91648,701],{"class":117},[71,91650,109],{"class":89},[71,91652,183],{"class":117},[71,91654,109],{"class":89},[71,91656,165],{"class":117},[71,91658,1757],{"class":89},[20,91660,91661],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91663,91664],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[62,91666,91668],{"className":64,"code":91667,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91669,91670],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91671,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91673,128],{"class":127},[71,91675,90],{"class":89},[71,91677,8433],{"class":85},[71,91679,90],{"class":89},[71,91681,60135],{"class":127},[71,91683,90],{"class":89},[71,91685,3320],{"class":117},[71,91687,109],{"class":89},[71,91689,4941],{"class":117},[71,91691,109],{"class":89},[71,91693,2552],{"class":81},[71,91695,3320],{"class":117},[71,91697,3243],{"class":89},[20,91699,209],{},[62,91701,91702],{"className":64,"code":38425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,91703,91704],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91705,91706],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91707,38425],{"class":89},[350,91709,91710,76727,91712],{"id":76951},[15,91711,75567],{},[15,91713,2449],{},[20,91715,1052],{},[62,91717,91719],{"className":64,"code":91718,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91720,91721],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91722,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91724,60135],{"class":127},[71,91726,90],{"class":89},[71,91728,3320],{"class":117},[71,91730,109],{"class":89},[71,91732,4941],{"class":117},[71,91734,109],{"class":89},[71,91736,4165],{"class":117},[71,91738,121],{"class":89},[20,91740,76996,91741,91743],{},[15,91742,40833],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[288,91745,8758,91747,91749,91750,91752],{"id":91746},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91748,36324],{}," in a ",[15,91751,6294],{}," loop",[20,91754,91755,91757],{},[15,91756,36324],{}," is most useful when:",[40,91759,91760,91763,91766],{},[43,91761,91762],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[43,91764,91765],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[43,91767,91768,91769],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91770,91771],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91773,2537],{},[62,91775,91777],{"className":64,"code":91776,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91778,91779,91795],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91780,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91782,6294],{"class":4209},[71,91784,69686],{"class":77},[71,91786,4216],{"class":4209},[71,91788,54205],{"class":127},[71,91790,90],{"class":89},[71,91792,640],{"class":117},[71,91794,8682],{"class":89},[71,91796,91797,91799,91801,91803,91806,91808,91810,91812],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,91798,8408],{"class":127},[71,91800,90],{"class":89},[71,91802,3184],{"class":99},[71,91804,91805],{"class":103},"Loop number:",[71,91807,3184],{"class":99},[71,91809,109],{"class":89},[71,91811,36255],{"class":133},[71,91813,121],{"class":89},[20,91815,209],{},[62,91817,91819],{"className":64,"code":91818,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91820,91821,91830,91838],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91822,91823,91826,91828],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91824,91825],{"class":77},"Loop number",[71,91827,228],{"class":89},[71,91829,38641],{"class":117},[71,91831,91832,91834,91836],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,91833,91825],{"class":77},[71,91835,228],{"class":89},[71,91837,29735],{"class":117},[71,91839,91840,91842,91844],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,91841,91825],{"class":77},[71,91843,228],{"class":89},[71,91845,45721],{"class":117},[350,91847,91849],{"id":91848},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[62,91851,91853],{"className":64,"code":91852,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91854,91855,91871],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91856,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91858,6294],{"class":4209},[71,91860,69686],{"class":77},[71,91862,4216],{"class":4209},[71,91864,54205],{"class":127},[71,91866,90],{"class":89},[71,91868,2466],{"class":117},[71,91870,8682],{"class":89},[71,91872,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881,91883],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,91874,8408],{"class":127},[71,91876,90],{"class":89},[71,91878,3184],{"class":99},[71,91880,34991],{"class":103},[71,91882,3184],{"class":99},[71,91884,121],{"class":89},[20,91886,91887,91888,91890],{},"This prints ",[15,91889,90556],{}," five times.",[350,91892,91894],{"id":91893},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[62,91896,91898],{"className":64,"code":91897,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91899,91900,91920],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91901,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91903,6294],{"class":4209},[71,91905,69686],{"class":77},[71,91907,4216],{"class":4209},[71,91909,54205],{"class":127},[71,91911,90],{"class":89},[71,91913,3320],{"class":117},[71,91915,109],{"class":89},[71,91917,2788],{"class":117},[71,91919,8682],{"class":89},[71,91921,91922,91924,91926,91928,91931,91933,91935,91937],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,91923,8408],{"class":127},[71,91925,90],{"class":89},[71,91927,3184],{"class":99},[71,91929,91930],{"class":103},"Current number is",[71,91932,3184],{"class":99},[71,91934,109],{"class":89},[71,91936,36255],{"class":133},[71,91938,121],{"class":89},[20,91940,209],{},[62,91942,91944],{"className":64,"code":91943,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91945,91946,91955,91963],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91947,91948,91951,91953],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91949,91950],{"class":77},"Current number ",[71,91952,12302],{"class":81},[71,91954,29735],{"class":117},[71,91956,91957,91959,91961],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,91958,91950],{"class":77},[71,91960,12302],{"class":81},[71,91962,45721],{"class":117},[71,91964,91965,91967,91969],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,91966,91950],{"class":77},[71,91968,12302],{"class":81},[71,91970,2908],{"class":117},[350,91972,91974,91976],{"id":91973},"range-and-indexing",[15,91975,36324],{}," and indexing",[20,91978,91979],{},"You may see code like this:",[62,91981,91983],{"className":64,"code":91982,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91984,91985,92017,92021,92041],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,91986,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,91988,1735],{"class":77},[71,91990,82],{"class":81},[71,91992,1740],{"class":89},[71,91994,3184],{"class":99},[71,91996,56],{"class":103},[71,91998,3184],{"class":99},[71,92000,109],{"class":89},[71,92002,3683],{"class":99},[71,92004,176],{"class":103},[71,92006,3184],{"class":99},[71,92008,109],{"class":89},[71,92010,3683],{"class":99},[71,92012,694],{"class":103},[71,92014,3184],{"class":99},[71,92016,1757],{"class":89},[71,92018,92019],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92020,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,92022,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,92024,6294],{"class":4209},[71,92026,69686],{"class":77},[71,92028,4216],{"class":4209},[71,92030,54205],{"class":127},[71,92032,90],{"class":89},[71,92034,2139],{"class":127},[71,92036,90],{"class":89},[71,92038,1770],{"class":133},[71,92040,69701],{"class":89},[71,92042,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,92044,8408],{"class":127},[71,92046,90],{"class":89},[71,92048,36280],{"class":133},[71,92050,109],{"class":89},[71,92052,6302],{"class":133},[71,92054,4234],{"class":89},[71,92056,36280],{"class":133},[71,92058,4222],{"class":89},[20,92060,209],{},[62,92062,92063],{"className":64,"code":36292,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,92064,92065,92071,92077],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92066,92067,92069],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92068,2449],{"class":117},[71,92070,36301],{"class":77},[71,92072,92073,92075],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92074,3320],{"class":117},[71,92076,36308],{"class":77},[71,92078,92079,92081],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,92080,630],{"class":117},[71,92082,36315],{"class":77},[20,92084,92085,92086,92090],{},"This works, and it uses ",[56,92087,92088],{"href":42488},[15,92089,42491],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92092,92093],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[62,92095,92097],{"className":64,"code":92096,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92098,92099,92131,92135,92147],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92100,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92102,1735],{"class":77},[71,92104,82],{"class":81},[71,92106,1740],{"class":89},[71,92108,3184],{"class":99},[71,92110,56],{"class":103},[71,92112,3184],{"class":99},[71,92114,109],{"class":89},[71,92116,3683],{"class":99},[71,92118,176],{"class":103},[71,92120,3184],{"class":99},[71,92122,109],{"class":89},[71,92124,3683],{"class":99},[71,92126,694],{"class":103},[71,92128,3184],{"class":99},[71,92130,1757],{"class":89},[71,92132,92133],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92134,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,92136,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,92138,6294],{"class":4209},[71,92140,6297],{"class":77},[71,92142,4216],{"class":4209},[71,92144,6302],{"class":77},[71,92146,6731],{"class":89},[71,92148,92149,92151,92153,92155],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,92150,8408],{"class":127},[71,92152,90],{"class":89},[71,92154,23428],{"class":133},[71,92156,121],{"class":89},[20,92158,36719,92159,92164],{},[56,92160,92162],{"href":92161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92163,35874],{}," is usually a better choice:",[62,92166,92168],{"className":64,"code":92167,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92169,92170,92202,92206,92226],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92171,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180,92182,92184,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92173,1735],{"class":77},[71,92175,82],{"class":81},[71,92177,1740],{"class":89},[71,92179,3184],{"class":99},[71,92181,56],{"class":103},[71,92183,3184],{"class":99},[71,92185,109],{"class":89},[71,92187,3683],{"class":99},[71,92189,176],{"class":103},[71,92191,3184],{"class":99},[71,92193,109],{"class":89},[71,92195,3683],{"class":99},[71,92197,694],{"class":103},[71,92199,3184],{"class":99},[71,92201,1757],{"class":89},[71,92203,92204],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92205,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,92207,92208,92210,92212,92214,92216,92218,92220,92222,92224],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,92209,6294],{"class":4209},[71,92211,35946],{"class":77},[71,92213,109],{"class":89},[71,92215,6297],{"class":77},[71,92217,4216],{"class":4209},[71,92219,35956],{"class":127},[71,92221,90],{"class":89},[71,92223,1770],{"class":133},[71,92225,8682],{"class":89},[71,92227,92228,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,92229,8408],{"class":127},[71,92231,90],{"class":89},[71,92233,35971],{"class":133},[71,92235,109],{"class":89},[71,92237,29627],{"class":133},[71,92239,121],{"class":89},[20,92241,79256,92242,60],{},[56,92243,36732,92244,36735],{"href":36731},[15,92245,35874],{},[288,92247,92249,92250,92252],{"id":92248},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92251,36324],{}," to a list",[20,92254,92255,92257],{},[15,92256,36324],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92259,92260,92261,228],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92262,24899],{},[62,92264,92266],{"className":64,"code":92265,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92267,92268],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92269,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92271,128],{"class":127},[71,92273,90],{"class":89},[71,92275,8433],{"class":85},[71,92277,90],{"class":89},[71,92279,60135],{"class":127},[71,92281,90],{"class":89},[71,92283,640],{"class":117},[71,92285,3243],{"class":89},[20,92287,209],{},[62,92289,92291],{"className":64,"code":92290,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92292,92293],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92294,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92296,4234],{"class":89},[71,92298,2449],{"class":117},[71,92300,109],{"class":89},[71,92302,165],{"class":117},[71,92304,109],{"class":89},[71,92306,183],{"class":117},[71,92308,1757],{"class":89},[20,92310,33434],{},[40,92312,92313,92318,92321],{},[43,92314,92315,92316,42215],{},"learning how ",[15,92317,36324],{},[43,92319,92320],{},"checking your values",[43,92322,92323],{},"debugging code",[20,92325,5808],{},[62,92327,92329],{"className":64,"code":92328,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92330,92331,92345,92349,92359],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92332,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92334,3950],{"class":77},[71,92336,82],{"class":81},[71,92338,54205],{"class":127},[71,92340,90],{"class":89},[71,92342,2836],{"class":117},[71,92344,121],{"class":89},[71,92346,92347],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92348,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,92350,92351,92353,92355,92357],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,92352,128],{"class":127},[71,92354,90],{"class":89},[71,92356,3980],{"class":133},[71,92358,121],{"class":89},[71,92360,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,92362,128],{"class":127},[71,92364,90],{"class":89},[71,92366,8433],{"class":85},[71,92368,90],{"class":89},[71,92370,3980],{"class":133},[71,92372,204],{"class":89},[20,92374,209],{},[62,92376,92378],{"className":64,"code":92377,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92379,92380,92394],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92381,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92383,60135],{"class":127},[71,92385,90],{"class":89},[71,92387,2449],{"class":117},[71,92389,109],{"class":89},[71,92391,2788],{"class":117},[71,92393,121],{"class":89},[71,92395,92396,92398,92400,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92397,4234],{"class":89},[71,92399,2449],{"class":117},[71,92401,109],{"class":89},[71,92403,165],{"class":117},[71,92405,109],{"class":89},[71,92407,183],{"class":117},[71,92409,109],{"class":89},[71,92411,701],{"class":117},[71,92413,1757],{"class":89},[20,92415,92416,92417,1552,92419,92422],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92418,60135],{},[15,92420,92421],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[288,92424,4855],{"id":4854},[20,92426,33663,92427,60],{},[15,92428,36324],{},[350,92430,92432],{"id":92431},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92434,92435],{},"Many beginners think this:",[62,92437,92439],{"className":64,"code":92438,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92440,92441],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92442,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92444,128],{"class":127},[71,92446,90],{"class":89},[71,92448,8433],{"class":85},[71,92450,90],{"class":89},[71,92452,60135],{"class":127},[71,92454,90],{"class":89},[71,92456,3320],{"class":117},[71,92458,109],{"class":89},[71,92460,4941],{"class":117},[71,92462,3243],{"class":89},[20,92464,92465],{},"will produce:",[62,92467,92469],{"className":64,"code":92468,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92470,92471],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92472,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92474,4234],{"class":89},[71,92476,3320],{"class":117},[71,92478,109],{"class":89},[71,92480,183],{"class":117},[71,92482,109],{"class":89},[71,92484,701],{"class":117},[71,92486,109],{"class":89},[71,92488,2788],{"class":117},[71,92490,109],{"class":89},[71,92492,4941],{"class":117},[71,92494,1757],{"class":89},[20,92496,92497],{},"But the real output is:",[62,92499,92500],{"className":64,"code":53640,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,92501,92502],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92503,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92505,4234],{"class":89},[71,92507,3320],{"class":117},[71,92509,109],{"class":89},[71,92511,183],{"class":117},[71,92513,109],{"class":89},[71,92515,701],{"class":117},[71,92517,109],{"class":89},[71,92519,2788],{"class":117},[71,92521,1757],{"class":89},[20,92523,92524],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[350,92526,4915,92528,92530,92531],{"id":92527},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92529,90992],{}," starts at ",[15,92532,3320],{},[20,92534,37595,92535,19079,92537,60],{},[15,92536,2449],{},[15,92538,3320],{},[62,92540,92541],{"className":64,"code":91185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,92542,92543],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92544,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92546,128],{"class":127},[71,92548,90],{"class":89},[71,92550,8433],{"class":85},[71,92552,90],{"class":89},[71,92554,60135],{"class":127},[71,92556,90],{"class":89},[71,92558,2466],{"class":117},[71,92560,3243],{"class":89},[20,92562,209],{},[62,92564,92565],{"className":64,"code":60158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,92566,92567],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92568,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92570,4234],{"class":89},[71,92572,2449],{"class":117},[71,92574,109],{"class":89},[71,92576,165],{"class":117},[71,92578,109],{"class":89},[71,92580,183],{"class":117},[71,92582,109],{"class":89},[71,92584,701],{"class":117},[71,92586,109],{"class":89},[71,92588,2788],{"class":117},[71,92590,1757],{"class":89},[350,92592,92594],{"id":92593},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92596,92597,92598,228],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92599,3289],{},[62,92601,92603],{"className":64,"code":92602,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92604,92605,92624,92628,92645],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92606,92607,92610,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92608,92609],{"class":77},"user_number ",[71,92611,82],{"class":81},[71,92613,8582],{"class":127},[71,92615,90],{"class":89},[71,92617,3184],{"class":99},[71,92619,42001],{"class":103},[71,92621,3184],{"class":99},[71,92623,121],{"class":89},[71,92625,92626],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92627,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,92629,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92643],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,92631,6294],{"class":4209},[71,92633,69686],{"class":77},[71,92635,4216],{"class":4209},[71,92637,54205],{"class":127},[71,92639,90],{"class":89},[71,92641,92642],{"class":133},"user_number",[71,92644,8682],{"class":89},[71,92646,92647,92649,92651,92653],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,92648,8408],{"class":127},[71,92650,90],{"class":89},[71,92652,36280],{"class":133},[71,92654,121],{"class":89},[20,92656,48643,92657,92659],{},[15,92658,3289],{}," returns a string.",[20,92661,1781],{},[62,92663,92665],{"className":64,"code":92664,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92666,92667,92689,92693,92709],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92668,92669,92671,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92670,92609],{"class":77},[71,92672,82],{"class":81},[71,92674,45408],{"class":85},[71,92676,90],{"class":89},[71,92678,42593],{"class":127},[71,92680,90],{"class":89},[71,92682,3184],{"class":99},[71,92684,42001],{"class":103},[71,92686,3184],{"class":99},[71,92688,204],{"class":89},[71,92690,92691],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92692,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,92694,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703,92705,92707],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,92696,6294],{"class":4209},[71,92698,69686],{"class":77},[71,92700,4216],{"class":4209},[71,92702,54205],{"class":127},[71,92704,90],{"class":89},[71,92706,92642],{"class":133},[71,92708,8682],{"class":89},[71,92710,92711,92713,92715,92717],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,92712,8408],{"class":127},[71,92714,90],{"class":89},[71,92716,36280],{"class":133},[71,92718,121],{"class":89},[20,92720,92721,92722,60],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[56,92723,50657,92724],{"href":50656},[15,92725,50660],{},[350,92727,92729,92730,92732,92733],{"id":92728},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92731,36198],{}," smaller than ",[15,92734,75564],{},[20,92736,92737],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[62,92739,92740],{"className":64,"code":91667,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,92741,92742],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92743,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92745,128],{"class":127},[71,92747,90],{"class":89},[71,92749,8433],{"class":85},[71,92751,90],{"class":89},[71,92753,60135],{"class":127},[71,92755,90],{"class":89},[71,92757,3320],{"class":117},[71,92759,109],{"class":89},[71,92761,4941],{"class":117},[71,92763,109],{"class":89},[71,92765,2552],{"class":81},[71,92767,3320],{"class":117},[71,92769,3243],{"class":89},[20,92771,209],{},[62,92773,92774],{"className":64,"code":38425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,92775,92776],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92777,92778],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92779,38425],{"class":89},[20,92781,92782],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[350,92784,25735,92786],{"id":92785},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92787,92788],{},"step = 0",[20,92790,77707],{},[62,92792,92794],{"className":64,"code":92793,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92795,92796],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92797,92798,92800,92802,92804,92806,92808,92810,92812],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92799,60135],{"class":127},[71,92801,90],{"class":89},[71,92803,3320],{"class":117},[71,92805,109],{"class":89},[71,92807,6341],{"class":117},[71,92809,109],{"class":89},[71,92811,4165],{"class":117},[71,92813,121],{"class":89},[20,92815,92816],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[350,92818,5041,92820,92822],{"id":92819},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92821,36324],{}," is not a list",[20,92824,92825],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[62,92827,92829],{"className":64,"code":92828,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92830,92831],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92832,92833,92835,92837,92839,92841,92843],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92834,128],{"class":127},[71,92836,90],{"class":89},[71,92838,60135],{"class":127},[71,92840,90],{"class":89},[71,92842,2466],{"class":117},[71,92844,204],{"class":89},[20,92846,209],{},[62,92848,92850],{"className":64,"code":92849,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92851,92852],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92853,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92855,60135],{"class":127},[71,92857,90],{"class":89},[71,92859,2449],{"class":117},[71,92861,109],{"class":89},[71,92863,4941],{"class":117},[71,92865,121],{"class":89},[20,92867,92868],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[62,92870,92871],{"className":64,"code":91185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,92872,92873],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92874,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92876,128],{"class":127},[71,92878,90],{"class":89},[71,92880,8433],{"class":85},[71,92882,90],{"class":89},[71,92884,60135],{"class":127},[71,92886,90],{"class":89},[71,92888,2466],{"class":117},[71,92890,3243],{"class":89},[20,92892,209],{},[62,92894,92895],{"className":64,"code":60158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,92896,92897],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92898,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92900,4234],{"class":89},[71,92902,2449],{"class":117},[71,92904,109],{"class":89},[71,92906,165],{"class":117},[71,92908,109],{"class":89},[71,92910,183],{"class":117},[71,92912,109],{"class":89},[71,92914,701],{"class":117},[71,92916,109],{"class":89},[71,92918,2788],{"class":117},[71,92920,1757],{"class":89},[288,92922,92924],{"id":92923},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92926,9216,92927,82478],{},[15,92928,36324],{},[62,92930,92932],{"className":64,"code":92931,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92933,92934,92948,92966,92988,93016],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,92935,92936,92938,92940,92942,92944,92946],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,92937,128],{"class":127},[71,92939,90],{"class":89},[71,92941,60135],{"class":127},[71,92943,90],{"class":89},[71,92945,2466],{"class":117},[71,92947,204],{"class":89},[71,92949,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962,92964],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,92951,128],{"class":127},[71,92953,90],{"class":89},[71,92955,8433],{"class":85},[71,92957,90],{"class":89},[71,92959,60135],{"class":127},[71,92961,90],{"class":89},[71,92963,2466],{"class":117},[71,92965,3243],{"class":89},[71,92967,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980,92982,92984,92986],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,92969,128],{"class":127},[71,92971,90],{"class":89},[71,92973,8433],{"class":85},[71,92975,90],{"class":89},[71,92977,60135],{"class":127},[71,92979,90],{"class":89},[71,92981,630],{"class":117},[71,92983,109],{"class":89},[71,92985,6697],{"class":117},[71,92987,3243],{"class":89},[71,92989,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998,93000,93002,93004,93006,93008,93010,93012,93014],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,92991,128],{"class":127},[71,92993,90],{"class":89},[71,92995,8433],{"class":85},[71,92997,90],{"class":89},[71,92999,60135],{"class":127},[71,93001,90],{"class":89},[71,93003,2661],{"class":117},[71,93005,109],{"class":89},[71,93007,4165],{"class":117},[71,93009,109],{"class":89},[71,93011,2552],{"class":81},[71,93013,630],{"class":117},[71,93015,3243],{"class":89},[71,93017,93018,93020,93022,93024,93026,93028,93030,93032],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,93019,128],{"class":127},[71,93021,90],{"class":89},[71,93023,735],{"class":85},[71,93025,90],{"class":89},[71,93027,60135],{"class":127},[71,93029,90],{"class":89},[71,93031,2466],{"class":117},[71,93033,3243],{"class":89},[20,93035,26127],{},[40,93037,93038,93041,93044],{},[43,93039,93040],{},"what values are being created",[43,93042,93043],{},"whether the direction is correct",[43,93045,93046,93047,24735],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93048,60135],{},[288,93050,2163],{"id":2162},[350,93052,12813,93054,93056],{"id":93053},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93055,36324],{}," include the last number?",[20,93058,93059],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[350,93061,2196,93063,93065,93066,2172],{"id":93062},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93064,90992],{}," start at ",[15,93067,2449],{},[20,93069,93070,93071,60],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93072,2449],{},[350,93074,2184,93076,93078],{"id":93075},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93077,36324],{}," count backward?",[20,93080,93081,93082,60],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93083,93084],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[350,93086,15015,93088,26162],{"id":93087},"is-range-a-list",[15,93089,36324],{},[20,93091,26165,93092,93094,93095,24056],{},[15,93093,60135],{}," object. Use ",[15,93096,93097],{},"list(range(...))",[350,93099,2196,93101,48817],{"id":93100},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93102,93103],{},"range(input())",[20,93105,93106,3816,93108,60],{},[15,93107,3289],{},[15,93109,93110],{},"int(input())",[288,93112,2221],{"id":2220},[40,93114,93115,93119,93125,93131,93137],{},[43,93116,93117],{},[56,93118,36154],{"href":36153},[43,93120,93121],{},[56,93122,13,93123,3841],{"href":42488},[15,93124,42491],{},[43,93126,93127],{},[56,93128,13,93129,3841],{"href":92161},[15,93130,35874],{},[43,93132,93133],{},[56,93134,37646,93135,36735],{"href":36731},[15,93136,35874],{},[43,93138,93139],{},[56,93140,50657,93141],{"href":50656},[15,93142,50660],{},[2250,93144,93145],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":93147},[93148,93149,93151,93157,93165,93172,93174,93186,93187,93199],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":91001,"depth":124,"text":93150},"What range() does",{"id":91094,"depth":124,"text":93152,"children":93153},"range() syntax",[93154,93155,93156],{"id":91174,"depth":139,"text":91177},{"id":91238,"depth":139,"text":91241},{"id":91306,"depth":139,"text":91309},{"id":91377,"depth":124,"text":91378,"children":93158},[93159,93160,93161,93162,93163],{"id":91384,"depth":139,"text":90992},{"id":91447,"depth":139,"text":91450},{"id":91511,"depth":139,"text":91514},{"id":91587,"depth":139,"text":91588},{"id":76951,"depth":139,"text":93164},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91746,"depth":124,"text":93166,"children":93167},"Using range() in a for loop",[93168,93169,93170],{"id":91848,"depth":139,"text":91849},{"id":91893,"depth":139,"text":91894},{"id":91973,"depth":139,"text":93171},"range() and indexing",{"id":92248,"depth":124,"text":93173},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":93175},[93176,93177,93179,93180,93182,93184],{"id":92431,"depth":139,"text":92432},{"id":92527,"depth":139,"text":93178},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92593,"depth":139,"text":92594},{"id":92728,"depth":139,"text":93181},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92785,"depth":139,"text":93183},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92819,"depth":139,"text":93185},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92923,"depth":124,"text":92924},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":93188},[93189,93191,93193,93195,93197],{"id":93053,"depth":139,"text":93190},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93062,"depth":139,"text":93192},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93075,"depth":139,"text":93194},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93087,"depth":139,"text":93196},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93100,"depth":139,"text":93198},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90895,"description":93200},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93207,"title":93208,"body":93209,"description":94882,"extension":2292,"meta":94883,"navigation":142,"path":94884,"seo":94885,"stem":94886,"__hash__":94887},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93210,"toc":94855},[93211,93220,93227,93244,93260,93262,93311,93319,93323,93326,93346,93348,93412,93414,93457,93460,93506,93508,93541,93551,93557,93565,93582,93584,93615,93617,93642,93647,93658,93661,93731,93733,93764,93769,93774,93791,93793,93844,93846,93879,93882,93889,93894,93898,93914,93916,93960,93962,94008,94011,94024,94029,94033,94047,94049,94100,94102,94135,94140,94142,94149,94151,94174,94176,94241,94243,94260,94263,94296,94298,94326,94336,94343,94347,94350,94368,94371,94399,94402,94420,94425,94431,94434,94456,94458,94486,94488,94491,94516,94519,94632,94634,94713,94715,94721,94726,94734,94742,94746,94749,94751,94784,94786,94794,94800,94807,94814,94817,94819,94852],[10,93212,13,93214,1552,93216,93219],{"id":93213},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93215,36324],{},[15,93217,93218],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93221,93222,1560,93224,93226],{},[15,93223,36324],{},[15,93225,93218],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[40,93228,93229,93237],{},[43,93230,93231,93233,93234],{},[15,93232,36324],{}," creates a ",[30,93235,93236],{},"range object",[43,93238,93239,93233,93241],{},[15,93240,93218],{},[30,93242,93243],{},"real list",[20,93245,93246,93247,93249,93250,93253,93254,93256,93257,93259],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93248,90992],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93251,93252],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93255,36324],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93258,93218],{}," when you actually need a list.",[288,93261,3940],{"id":3939},[62,93263,93265],{"className":64,"code":93264,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93266,93267,93281,93294],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93268,93269,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93270,3950],{"class":77},[71,93272,82],{"class":81},[71,93274,54205],{"class":127},[71,93276,90],{"class":89},[71,93278,2466],{"class":117},[71,93280,121],{"class":89},[71,93282,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93284,128],{"class":127},[71,93286,90],{"class":89},[71,93288,3980],{"class":133},[71,93290,3993],{"class":89},[71,93292,93293],{"class":1439},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[71,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,93297,128],{"class":127},[71,93299,90],{"class":89},[71,93301,8433],{"class":85},[71,93303,90],{"class":89},[71,93305,3980],{"class":133},[71,93307,5697],{"class":89},[71,93309,93310],{"class":1439},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93312,283,93313,93315,93316,93318],{},[15,93314,36324],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93317,93218],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[288,93320,93322],{"id":93321},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93324,93325],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[40,93327,93328,93335,93340,93343],{},[43,93329,93330,22092,93332,93334],{},[15,93331,36324],{},[30,93333,93236],{},", not a list",[43,93336,93337,93339],{},[15,93338,93218],{}," converts that range object into a list",[43,93341,93342],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[43,93344,93345],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93347,2537],{},[62,93349,93351],{"className":64,"code":93350,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93352,93353,93368,93387,93391,93401],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93354,93355,93358,93360,93362,93364,93366],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93356,93357],{"class":77},"r ",[71,93359,82],{"class":81},[71,93361,54205],{"class":127},[71,93363,90],{"class":89},[71,93365,2466],{"class":117},[71,93367,121],{"class":89},[71,93369,93370,93373,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93371,93372],{"class":77},"lst ",[71,93374,82],{"class":81},[71,93376,22677],{"class":85},[71,93378,90],{"class":89},[71,93380,60135],{"class":127},[71,93382,90],{"class":89},[71,93384,2466],{"class":117},[71,93386,204],{"class":89},[71,93388,93389],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,93390,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,93392,93393,93395,93397,93399],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,93394,128],{"class":127},[71,93396,90],{"class":89},[71,93398,60642],{"class":133},[71,93400,121],{"class":89},[71,93402,93403,93405,93407,93410],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,93404,128],{"class":127},[71,93406,90],{"class":89},[71,93408,93409],{"class":133},"lst",[71,93411,121],{"class":89},[20,93413,209],{},[62,93415,93417],{"className":64,"code":93416,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93418,93419,93433],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93420,93421,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93422,60135],{"class":127},[71,93424,90],{"class":89},[71,93426,2449],{"class":117},[71,93428,109],{"class":89},[71,93430,4941],{"class":117},[71,93432,121],{"class":89},[71,93434,93435,93437,93439,93441,93443,93445,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93436,4234],{"class":89},[71,93438,2449],{"class":117},[71,93440,109],{"class":89},[71,93442,165],{"class":117},[71,93444,109],{"class":89},[71,93446,183],{"class":117},[71,93448,109],{"class":89},[71,93450,701],{"class":117},[71,93452,109],{"class":89},[71,93454,2788],{"class":117},[71,93456,1757],{"class":89},[20,93458,93459],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[62,93461,93463],{"className":64,"code":93462,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93464,93465,93483],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93466,93467,93469,93471,93473,93475,93477,93479,93481],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93468,128],{"class":127},[71,93470,90],{"class":89},[71,93472,735],{"class":85},[71,93474,90],{"class":89},[71,93476,60135],{"class":127},[71,93478,90],{"class":89},[71,93480,2466],{"class":117},[71,93482,3243],{"class":89},[71,93484,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93486,128],{"class":127},[71,93488,90],{"class":89},[71,93490,735],{"class":85},[71,93492,90],{"class":89},[71,93494,8433],{"class":85},[71,93496,90],{"class":89},[71,93498,60135],{"class":127},[71,93500,90],{"class":89},[71,93502,2466],{"class":117},[71,93504,93505],{"class":89},"))))\n",[20,93507,209],{},[62,93509,93511],{"className":64,"code":93510,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93512,93513,93527],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93514,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523,93525],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93516,765],{"class":81},[71,93518,769],{"class":768},[71,93520,231],{"class":99},[71,93522,60135],{"class":103},[71,93524,100],{"class":99},[71,93526,778],{"class":81},[71,93528,93529,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93530,765],{"class":81},[71,93532,769],{"class":768},[71,93534,231],{"class":99},[71,93536,8433],{"class":103},[71,93538,100],{"class":99},[71,93540,778],{"class":81},[20,93542,93543,93544,93546,93547,60],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93545,36324],{}," works, see ",[56,93548,13,93549,3841],{"href":93202},[15,93550,36324],{},[288,93552,291,93554,93556],{"id":93553},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93555,36324],{}," gives you",[20,93558,93559,93561,93562,93564],{},[15,93560,36324],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93563,6294],{}," loops.",[40,93566,93567,93570,93573,93576],{},[43,93568,93569],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[43,93571,93572],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[43,93574,93575],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[43,93577,93578,93579],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93580,93581],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93583,2537],{},[62,93585,93587],{"className":64,"code":93586,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93588,93589,93605],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93590,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93592,6294],{"class":4209},[71,93594,69686],{"class":77},[71,93596,4216],{"class":4209},[71,93598,54205],{"class":127},[71,93600,90],{"class":89},[71,93602,2466],{"class":117},[71,93604,8682],{"class":89},[71,93606,93607,93609,93611,93613],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93608,8408],{"class":127},[71,93610,90],{"class":89},[71,93612,36280],{"class":133},[71,93614,121],{"class":89},[20,93616,209],{},[62,93618,93620],{"className":64,"code":93619,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93621,93622,93626,93630,93634,93638],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93623,93624],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93625,47384],{"class":117},[71,93627,93628],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93629,47049],{"class":117},[71,93631,93632],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,93633,17170],{"class":117},[71,93635,93636],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,93637,46749],{"class":117},[71,93639,93640],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,93641,48783],{"class":117},[20,93643,20887,93644,93646],{},[15,93645,90992],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93648,93649,93650,93652,93653,60],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93651,36324],{}," is so common with ",[56,93654,13,93656,91023],{"href":93655},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93657,6294],{},[20,93659,93660],{},"You can also inspect it:",[62,93662,93664],{"className":64,"code":93663,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93665,93666,93688,93692,93702,93716],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93667,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682,93684,93686],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93669,93357],{"class":77},[71,93671,82],{"class":81},[71,93673,54205],{"class":127},[71,93675,90],{"class":89},[71,93677,630],{"class":117},[71,93679,109],{"class":89},[71,93681,6341],{"class":117},[71,93683,109],{"class":89},[71,93685,183],{"class":117},[71,93687,121],{"class":89},[71,93689,93690],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93691,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,93693,93694,93696,93698,93700],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,93695,128],{"class":127},[71,93697,90],{"class":89},[71,93699,60642],{"class":133},[71,93701,121],{"class":89},[71,93703,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,93705,128],{"class":127},[71,93707,90],{"class":89},[71,93709,2139],{"class":127},[71,93711,90],{"class":89},[71,93713,60642],{"class":133},[71,93715,204],{"class":89},[71,93717,93718,93720,93722,93724,93726,93729],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,93719,128],{"class":127},[71,93721,90],{"class":89},[71,93723,80732],{"class":117},[71,93725,21290],{"class":4209},[71,93727,93728],{"class":133}," r",[71,93730,121],{"class":89},[20,93732,209],{},[62,93734,93736],{"className":64,"code":93735,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93737,93738,93756,93760],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93739,93740,93742,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752,93754],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93741,60135],{"class":127},[71,93743,90],{"class":89},[71,93745,630],{"class":117},[71,93747,109],{"class":89},[71,93749,6341],{"class":117},[71,93751,109],{"class":89},[71,93753,183],{"class":117},[71,93755,121],{"class":89},[71,93757,93758],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93759,48783],{"class":117},[71,93761,93762],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,93763,4314],{"class":4184},[288,93765,291,93767,93556],{"id":93766},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93768,93218],{},[20,93770,93771,93773],{},[15,93772,93218],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[40,93775,93776,93779,93782,93785],{},[43,93777,93778],{},"It creates all values at once",[43,93780,93781],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[43,93783,93784],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[43,93786,93787,93788,93790],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93789,36324],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93792,2537],{},[62,93794,93796],{"className":64,"code":93795,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93797,93798,93816,93820,93830],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93799,93800,93802,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93801,3950],{"class":77},[71,93803,82],{"class":81},[71,93805,22677],{"class":85},[71,93807,90],{"class":89},[71,93809,60135],{"class":127},[71,93811,90],{"class":89},[71,93813,2466],{"class":117},[71,93815,204],{"class":89},[71,93817,93818],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93819,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,93821,93822,93824,93826,93828],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,93823,128],{"class":127},[71,93825,90],{"class":89},[71,93827,3980],{"class":133},[71,93829,121],{"class":89},[71,93831,93832,93834,93836,93838,93840,93842],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,93833,128],{"class":127},[71,93835,90],{"class":89},[71,93837,3980],{"class":133},[71,93839,4234],{"class":89},[71,93841,630],{"class":117},[71,93843,4222],{"class":89},[20,93845,209],{},[62,93847,93849],{"className":64,"code":93848,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93850,93851,93875],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93852,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93854,4234],{"class":89},[71,93856,2449],{"class":117},[71,93858,109],{"class":89},[71,93860,165],{"class":117},[71,93862,109],{"class":89},[71,93864,183],{"class":117},[71,93866,109],{"class":89},[71,93868,701],{"class":117},[71,93870,109],{"class":89},[71,93872,2788],{"class":117},[71,93874,1757],{"class":89},[71,93876,93877],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93878,17170],{"class":117},[20,93880,93881],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93883,93884,93885,60],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[56,93886,13,93887,3841],{"href":64985},[15,93888,24899],{},[288,93890,5298,93892],{"id":93891},"when-to-use-range",[15,93893,36324],{},[20,93895,283,93896,1569],{},[15,93897,36324],{},[40,93899,93900,93905,93908,93911],{},[43,93901,93902,93903,91752],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93904,6294],{},[43,93906,93907],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[43,93909,93910],{},"You are working with large sequences",[43,93912,93913],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93915,2537],{},[62,93917,93919],{"className":64,"code":93918,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93920,93921,93941],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93922,93923,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93924,6294],{"class":4209},[71,93926,69686],{"class":77},[71,93928,4216],{"class":4209},[71,93930,54205],{"class":127},[71,93932,90],{"class":89},[71,93934,3320],{"class":117},[71,93936,109],{"class":89},[71,93938,37771],{"class":117},[71,93940,8682],{"class":89},[71,93942,93943,93945,93947,93949,93952,93954,93956,93958],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93944,8408],{"class":127},[71,93946,90],{"class":89},[71,93948,3184],{"class":99},[71,93950,93951],{"class":103},"Count:",[71,93953,3184],{"class":99},[71,93955,109],{"class":89},[71,93957,36255],{"class":133},[71,93959,121],{"class":89},[20,93961,209],{},[62,93963,93965],{"className":64,"code":93964,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93966,93967,93976,93984,93992,94000],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,93968,93969,93972,93974],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,93970,93971],{"class":77},"Count",[71,93973,228],{"class":89},[71,93975,29735],{"class":117},[71,93977,93978,93980,93982],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,93979,93971],{"class":77},[71,93981,228],{"class":89},[71,93983,45721],{"class":117},[71,93985,93986,93988,93990],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,93987,93971],{"class":77},[71,93989,228],{"class":89},[71,93991,2908],{"class":117},[71,93993,93994,93996,93998],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,93995,93971],{"class":77},[71,93997,228],{"class":89},[71,93999,23781],{"class":117},[71,94001,94002,94004,94006],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,94003,93971],{"class":77},[71,94005,228],{"class":89},[71,94007,34966],{"class":117},[20,94009,94010],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94012,94013,94014,94016,94017,62425,94019,60],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94015,35874],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94018,36725],{},[56,94020,36732,94022,36735],{"href":94021},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94023,35874],{},[288,94025,5298,94027],{"id":94026},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94028,93218],{},[20,94030,283,94031,1569],{},[15,94032,93218],{},[40,94034,94035,94038,94041,94044],{},[43,94036,94037],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[43,94039,94040],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[43,94042,94043],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[43,94045,94046],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94048,2537],{},[62,94050,94052],{"className":64,"code":94051,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94053,94054,94072,94086,94090],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94055,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94057,3950],{"class":77},[71,94059,82],{"class":81},[71,94061,22677],{"class":85},[71,94063,90],{"class":89},[71,94065,60135],{"class":127},[71,94067,90],{"class":89},[71,94069,2466],{"class":117},[71,94071,204],{"class":89},[71,94073,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94075,3980],{"class":77},[71,94077,60],{"class":89},[71,94079,13664],{"class":133},[71,94081,90],{"class":89},[71,94083,2466],{"class":117},[71,94085,121],{"class":89},[71,94087,94088],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,94089,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,94091,94092,94094,94096,94098],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,94093,128],{"class":127},[71,94095,90],{"class":89},[71,94097,3980],{"class":133},[71,94099,121],{"class":89},[20,94101,209],{},[62,94103,94105],{"className":64,"code":94104,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94106,94107],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94108,94109,94111,94113,94115,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94110,4234],{"class":89},[71,94112,2449],{"class":117},[71,94114,109],{"class":89},[71,94116,165],{"class":117},[71,94118,109],{"class":89},[71,94120,183],{"class":117},[71,94122,109],{"class":89},[71,94124,701],{"class":117},[71,94126,109],{"class":89},[71,94128,2788],{"class":117},[71,94130,109],{"class":89},[71,94132,4941],{"class":117},[71,94134,1757],{"class":89},[20,94136,6397,94137,94139],{},[15,94138,3980],{}," is a list.",[288,94141,15709],{"id":15708},[20,94143,94144,94146,94147,60],{},[15,94145,36324],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[30,94148,37725],{},[20,94150,2436],{},[40,94152,94153,94155,94160,94165,94168],{},[43,94154,22102],{},[43,94156,94157,94158],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94159,42491],{},[43,94161,94162,94163],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94164,4216],{},[43,94166,94167],{},"You can index it",[43,94169,94170,94171,94173],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94172,52787],{}," do not work on it",[20,94175,2537],{},[62,94177,94179],{"className":64,"code":94178,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94180,94181,94195,94199,94213,94227],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94182,94183,94185,94187,94189,94191,94193],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94184,93357],{"class":77},[71,94186,82],{"class":81},[71,94188,54205],{"class":127},[71,94190,90],{"class":89},[71,94192,2466],{"class":117},[71,94194,121],{"class":89},[71,94196,94197],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94198,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,94200,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,94202,128],{"class":127},[71,94204,90],{"class":89},[71,94206,60642],{"class":133},[71,94208,4234],{"class":89},[71,94210,630],{"class":117},[71,94212,4222],{"class":89},[71,94214,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,94216,128],{"class":127},[71,94218,90],{"class":89},[71,94220,2139],{"class":127},[71,94222,90],{"class":89},[71,94224,60642],{"class":133},[71,94226,204],{"class":89},[71,94228,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,94230,128],{"class":127},[71,94232,90],{"class":89},[71,94234,640],{"class":117},[71,94236,21290],{"class":4209},[71,94238,93728],{"class":133},[71,94240,121],{"class":89},[20,94242,209],{},[62,94244,94246],{"className":64,"code":94245,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94247,94248,94252,94256],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94249,94250],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94251,17170],{"class":117},[71,94253,94254],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94255,3278],{"class":117},[71,94257,94258],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,94259,4314],{"class":4184},[20,94261,94262],{},"Now compare that with this:",[62,94264,94266],{"className":64,"code":94265,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94267,94268,94282],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94269,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94271,93357],{"class":77},[71,94273,82],{"class":81},[71,94275,54205],{"class":127},[71,94277,90],{"class":89},[71,94279,2466],{"class":117},[71,94281,121],{"class":89},[71,94283,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94285,60642],{"class":77},[71,94287,60],{"class":89},[71,94289,13664],{"class":133},[71,94291,90],{"class":89},[71,94293,2466],{"class":117},[71,94295,121],{"class":89},[20,94297,209],{},[62,94299,94301],{"className":64,"code":94300,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94302,94303],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94304,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94320,94322,94324],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94306,25790],{"class":85},[71,94308,228],{"class":89},[71,94310,231],{"class":99},[71,94312,60135],{"class":103},[71,94314,100],{"class":99},[71,94316,24735],{"class":85},[71,94318,94319],{"class":77}," has no attribute ",[71,94321,100],{"class":99},[71,94323,13664],{"class":103},[71,94325,29820],{"class":99},[20,94327,94328,94329,2518,94331,2522,94333,94335],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94330,52787],{},[15,94332,55664],{},[15,94334,64449],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94337,94338,94339,60],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[56,94340,25798,94341],{"href":35544},[15,94342,34378],{},[288,94344,94346],{"id":94345},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94348,94349],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[62,94351,94352],{"className":64,"code":92828,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,94353,94354],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94355,94356,94358,94360,94362,94364,94366],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94357,128],{"class":127},[71,94359,90],{"class":89},[71,94361,60135],{"class":127},[71,94363,90],{"class":89},[71,94365,2466],{"class":117},[71,94367,204],{"class":89},[20,94369,94370],{},"to show:",[62,94372,94373],{"className":64,"code":60158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,94374,94375],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94376,94377,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94378,4234],{"class":89},[71,94380,2449],{"class":117},[71,94382,109],{"class":89},[71,94384,165],{"class":117},[71,94386,109],{"class":89},[71,94388,183],{"class":117},[71,94390,109],{"class":89},[71,94392,701],{"class":117},[71,94394,109],{"class":89},[71,94396,2788],{"class":117},[71,94398,1757],{"class":89},[20,94400,94401],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[62,94403,94404],{"className":64,"code":92849,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,94405,94406],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94407,94408,94410,94412,94414,94416,94418],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94409,60135],{"class":127},[71,94411,90],{"class":89},[71,94413,2449],{"class":117},[71,94415,109],{"class":89},[71,94417,4941],{"class":117},[71,94419,121],{"class":89},[20,94421,4964,94422,94424],{},[30,94423,4967],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94426,94427,94428,94430],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[30,94429,93236],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94432,94433],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[62,94435,94436],{"className":64,"code":91185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,94437,94438],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94439,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94441,128],{"class":127},[71,94443,90],{"class":89},[71,94445,8433],{"class":85},[71,94447,90],{"class":89},[71,94449,60135],{"class":127},[71,94451,90],{"class":89},[71,94453,2466],{"class":117},[71,94455,3243],{"class":89},[20,94457,209],{},[62,94459,94460],{"className":64,"code":60158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,94461,94462],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94463,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94474,94476,94478,94480,94482,94484],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94465,4234],{"class":89},[71,94467,2449],{"class":117},[71,94469,109],{"class":89},[71,94471,165],{"class":117},[71,94473,109],{"class":89},[71,94475,183],{"class":117},[71,94477,109],{"class":89},[71,94479,701],{"class":117},[71,94481,109],{"class":89},[71,94483,2788],{"class":117},[71,94485,1757],{"class":89},[288,94487,2054],{"id":2053},[20,94489,94490],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[40,94492,94493,94499,94502,94508],{},[43,94494,8758,94495,94498],{},[15,94496,94497],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[43,94500,94501],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[43,94503,94504,94505,94507],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94506,36324],{}," is iterable but not a list",[43,94509,8758,94510,94512,94513,94515],{},[15,94511,93218],{}," when plain ",[15,94514,36324],{}," would be simpler",[20,94517,94518],{},"These quick checks can help:",[62,94520,94522],{"className":64,"code":94521,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94523,94524,94538,94556,94574,94596,94614],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94525,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94527,128],{"class":127},[71,94529,90],{"class":89},[71,94531,60135],{"class":127},[71,94533,90],{"class":89},[71,94535,2466],{"class":117},[71,94537,204],{"class":89},[71,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94541,128],{"class":127},[71,94543,90],{"class":89},[71,94545,8433],{"class":85},[71,94547,90],{"class":89},[71,94549,60135],{"class":127},[71,94551,90],{"class":89},[71,94553,2466],{"class":117},[71,94555,3243],{"class":89},[71,94557,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570,94572],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,94559,128],{"class":127},[71,94561,90],{"class":89},[71,94563,735],{"class":85},[71,94565,90],{"class":89},[71,94567,60135],{"class":127},[71,94569,90],{"class":89},[71,94571,2466],{"class":117},[71,94573,3243],{"class":89},[71,94575,94576,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588,94590,94592,94594],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,94577,128],{"class":127},[71,94579,90],{"class":89},[71,94581,735],{"class":85},[71,94583,90],{"class":89},[71,94585,8433],{"class":85},[71,94587,90],{"class":89},[71,94589,60135],{"class":127},[71,94591,90],{"class":89},[71,94593,2466],{"class":117},[71,94595,93505],{"class":89},[71,94597,94598,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,94599,128],{"class":127},[71,94601,90],{"class":89},[71,94603,640],{"class":117},[71,94605,21290],{"class":4209},[71,94607,54205],{"class":127},[71,94609,90],{"class":89},[71,94611,2466],{"class":117},[71,94613,204],{"class":89},[71,94615,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624,94626,94628,94630],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,94617,128],{"class":127},[71,94619,90],{"class":89},[71,94621,2139],{"class":127},[71,94623,90],{"class":89},[71,94625,60135],{"class":127},[71,94627,90],{"class":89},[71,94629,2466],{"class":117},[71,94631,3243],{"class":89},[20,94633,209],{},[62,94635,94637],{"className":64,"code":94636,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94638,94639,94653,94677,94691,94705,94709],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94640,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94642,60135],{"class":127},[71,94644,90],{"class":89},[71,94646,2449],{"class":117},[71,94648,109],{"class":89},[71,94650,4941],{"class":117},[71,94652,121],{"class":89},[71,94654,94655,94657,94659,94661,94663,94665,94667,94669,94671,94673,94675],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94656,4234],{"class":89},[71,94658,2449],{"class":117},[71,94660,109],{"class":89},[71,94662,165],{"class":117},[71,94664,109],{"class":89},[71,94666,183],{"class":117},[71,94668,109],{"class":89},[71,94670,701],{"class":117},[71,94672,109],{"class":89},[71,94674,2788],{"class":117},[71,94676,1757],{"class":89},[71,94678,94679,94681,94683,94685,94687,94689],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,94680,765],{"class":81},[71,94682,769],{"class":768},[71,94684,231],{"class":99},[71,94686,60135],{"class":103},[71,94688,100],{"class":99},[71,94690,778],{"class":81},[71,94692,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701,94703],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,94694,765],{"class":81},[71,94696,769],{"class":768},[71,94698,231],{"class":99},[71,94700,8433],{"class":103},[71,94702,100],{"class":99},[71,94704,778],{"class":81},[71,94706,94707],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,94708,4314],{"class":4184},[71,94710,94711],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,94712,3278],{"class":117},[288,94714,2163],{"id":2162},[350,94716,15015,94718,94720],{"id":94717},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94719,36324],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94722,46497,94723,94725],{},[15,94724,36324],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[350,94727,94729,94730,2069,94732,2172],{"id":94728},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94731,36324],{},[15,94733,93218],{},[20,94735,94736,94738,94739,94741],{},[15,94737,36324],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94740,93218],{}," creates a full list.",[350,94743,94745],{"id":94744},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94747,94748],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94750,2537],{},[62,94752,94754],{"className":64,"code":94753,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94755,94756,94770],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94757,94758,94760,94762,94764,94766,94768],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94759,93357],{"class":77},[71,94761,82],{"class":81},[71,94763,54205],{"class":127},[71,94765,90],{"class":89},[71,94767,2466],{"class":117},[71,94769,121],{"class":89},[71,94771,94772,94774,94776,94778,94780,94782],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94773,128],{"class":127},[71,94775,90],{"class":89},[71,94777,60642],{"class":133},[71,94779,4234],{"class":89},[71,94781,3320],{"class":117},[71,94783,4222],{"class":89},[20,94785,209],{},[62,94787,94788],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,94789,94790],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94791,94792],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94793,47049],{"class":117},[350,94795,2196,94797,94799],{"id":94796},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94798,94497],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94801,94802,94803,94806],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94804,94805],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[350,94808,94810,94811,94813],{"id":94809},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94812,36324],{}," to a list?",[20,94815,94816],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[288,94818,2221],{"id":2220},[40,94820,94821,94827,94833,94840,94846],{},[43,94822,94823],{},[56,94824,13,94825,3841],{"href":93202},[15,94826,36324],{},[43,94828,94829],{},[56,94830,13,94831,3841],{"href":64985},[15,94832,24899],{},[43,94834,94835],{},[56,94836,13,94837,94839],{"href":93655},[15,94838,6294],{}," loops explained",[43,94841,94842],{},[56,94843,37646,94844,36735],{"href":94021},[15,94845,35874],{},[43,94847,94848],{},[56,94849,26241,94850],{"href":35544},[15,94851,34378],{},[2250,94853,94854],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":94856},[94857,94858,94859,94861,94863,94865,94867,94868,94869,94870,94881],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":93321,"depth":124,"text":93322},{"id":93553,"depth":124,"text":94860},"What range() gives you",{"id":93766,"depth":124,"text":94862},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93891,"depth":124,"text":94864},"When to use range()",{"id":94026,"depth":124,"text":94866},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15708,"depth":124,"text":15709},{"id":94345,"depth":124,"text":94346},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":94871},[94872,94874,94876,94877,94879],{"id":94717,"depth":139,"text":94873},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94728,"depth":139,"text":94875},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94744,"depth":139,"text":94745},{"id":94796,"depth":139,"text":94878},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94809,"depth":139,"text":94880},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93208,"description":94882},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94889,"title":94890,"body":94891,"description":96327,"extension":2292,"meta":96328,"navigation":142,"path":96329,"seo":96330,"stem":96331,"__hash__":96332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94892,"toc":96293},[94893,94899,94904,94907,94921,94924,94926,94965,94967,94980,94988,94993,95009,95012,95014,95016,95037,95054,95057,95116,95118,95137,95142,95148,95151,95185,95187,95200,95203,95248,95250,95273,95280,95286,95289,95330,95332,95346,95349,95407,95409,95424,95437,95443,95449,95514,95516,95535,95537,95555,95558,95562,95568,95570,95603,95605,95618,95628,95631,95692,95694,95715,95718,95720,95736,95741,95745,95750,95755,95811,95813,95831,95834,95879,95881,95889,95894,95898,95912,95914,95946,95948,95957,95959,95963,95972,95975,96007,96009,96021,96024,96028,96033,96074,96076,96084,96087,96110,96114,96116,96125,96128,96181,96183,96192,96196,96201,96212,96214,96223,96226,96232,96235,96241,96251,96259,96266,96268,96290],[10,94894,13,94896,18],{"id":94895},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94897,94898],{},"round()",[20,94900,22,94901,94903],{},[15,94902,94898],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94905,94906],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[40,94908,94909,94915],{},[43,94910,94911,94914],{},[15,94912,94913],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[43,94916,94917,94920],{},[15,94918,94919],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94922,94923],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[288,94925,2334],{"id":2333},[62,94927,94929],{"className":64,"code":94928,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94930,94931,94947],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94932,94933,94935,94937,94940,94942,94945],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94934,128],{"class":127},[71,94936,90],{"class":89},[71,94938,94939],{"class":127},"round",[71,94941,90],{"class":89},[71,94943,94944],{"class":117},"3.14159",[71,94946,204],{"class":89},[71,94948,94949,94951,94953,94955,94957,94959,94961,94963],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94950,128],{"class":127},[71,94952,90],{"class":89},[71,94954,94939],{"class":127},[71,94956,90],{"class":89},[71,94958,94944],{"class":117},[71,94960,109],{"class":89},[71,94962,183],{"class":117},[71,94964,204],{"class":89},[20,94966,209],{},[62,94968,94970],{"className":64,"code":94969,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94971,94972,94976],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,94973,94974],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,94975,46749],{"class":117},[71,94977,94978],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,94979,40306],{"class":117},[20,94981,283,94982,94984,94985,94987],{},[15,94983,94913],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94986,94919],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[288,94989,291,94991,294],{"id":94990},"what-round-does",[15,94992,94898],{},[40,94994,94995,95000,95003,95006],{},[43,94996,94997,94999],{},[15,94998,94898],{}," is a built-in Python function",[43,95001,95002],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[43,95004,95005],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[43,95007,95008],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95010,95011],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[288,95013,343],{"id":342},[20,95015,2489],{},[62,95017,95019],{"className":64,"code":95018,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95020,95021],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95022,95023,95025,95027,95029,95032,95035],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95024,94939],{"class":127},[71,95026,90],{"class":89},[71,95028,2569],{"class":133},[71,95030,95031],{"class":89},"[,",[71,95033,95034],{"class":133}," ndigits",[71,95036,4222],{"class":89},[40,95038,95039,95044,95049],{},[43,95040,95041,95043],{},[15,95042,2569],{}," is the value to round",[43,95045,95046,20155],{},[15,95047,95048],{},"ndigits",[43,95050,95051,95053],{},[15,95052,95048],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95055,95056],{},"Basic examples:",[62,95058,95060],{"className":64,"code":95059,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95061,95062,95077,95095],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95063,95064,95066,95068,95070,95072,95075],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95065,128],{"class":127},[71,95067,90],{"class":89},[71,95069,94939],{"class":127},[71,95071,90],{"class":89},[71,95073,95074],{"class":117},"7.8",[71,95076,204],{"class":89},[71,95078,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091,95093],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95080,128],{"class":127},[71,95082,90],{"class":89},[71,95084,94939],{"class":127},[71,95086,90],{"class":89},[71,95088,95074],{"class":117},[71,95090,109],{"class":89},[71,95092,165],{"class":117},[71,95094,204],{"class":89},[71,95096,95097,95099,95101,95103,95105,95108,95110,95112,95114],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95098,128],{"class":127},[71,95100,90],{"class":89},[71,95102,94939],{"class":127},[71,95104,90],{"class":89},[71,95106,95107],{"class":117},"1234",[71,95109,109],{"class":89},[71,95111,2552],{"class":81},[71,95113,630],{"class":117},[71,95115,204],{"class":89},[20,95117,209],{},[62,95119,95121],{"className":64,"code":95120,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95122,95123,95127,95132],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95124,95125],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95126,2712],{"class":117},[71,95128,95129],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95130,95131],{"class":117},"7.8\n",[71,95133,95134],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95135,95136],{"class":117},"1200\n",[20,95138,95139,95140,60],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[56,95141,2751],{"href":2750},[288,95143,8758,95145,95147],{"id":95144},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95146,94898],{}," with one argument",[20,95149,95150],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[62,95152,95154],{"className":64,"code":95153,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95155,95156,95170],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95157,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166,95168],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95159,128],{"class":127},[71,95161,90],{"class":89},[71,95163,94939],{"class":127},[71,95165,90],{"class":89},[71,95167,2693],{"class":117},[71,95169,204],{"class":89},[71,95171,95172,95174,95176,95178,95180,95183],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95173,128],{"class":127},[71,95175,90],{"class":89},[71,95177,94939],{"class":127},[71,95179,90],{"class":89},[71,95181,95182],{"class":117},"4.8",[71,95184,204],{"class":89},[20,95186,209],{},[62,95188,95190],{"className":64,"code":95189,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"4\n5\n",[15,95191,95192,95196],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95193,95194],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95195,48783],{"class":117},[71,95197,95198],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95199,3278],{"class":117},[20,95201,95202],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[62,95204,95206],{"className":64,"code":95205,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95207,95208,95224,95234],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95209,95210,95212,95214,95217,95219,95222],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95211,1102],{"class":77},[71,95213,82],{"class":81},[71,95215,95216],{"class":127}," round",[71,95218,90],{"class":89},[71,95220,95221],{"class":117},"10.2",[71,95223,121],{"class":89},[71,95225,95226,95228,95230,95232],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95227,128],{"class":127},[71,95229,90],{"class":89},[71,95231,2594],{"class":133},[71,95233,121],{"class":89},[71,95235,95236,95238,95240,95242,95244,95246],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95237,128],{"class":127},[71,95239,90],{"class":89},[71,95241,735],{"class":85},[71,95243,90],{"class":89},[71,95245,2594],{"class":133},[71,95247,204],{"class":89},[20,95249,209],{},[62,95251,95253],{"className":64,"code":95252,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95254,95255,95259],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95256,95257],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95258,2707],{"class":117},[71,95260,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95262,765],{"class":81},[71,95264,769],{"class":768},[71,95266,231],{"class":99},[71,95268,2517],{"class":103},[71,95270,100],{"class":99},[71,95272,778],{"class":81},[20,95274,95275,95276,60],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[56,95277,13,95278,3841],{"href":3205},[15,95279,3208],{},[288,95281,8758,95283,95285],{"id":95282},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95284,94898],{}," with decimal places",[20,95287,95288],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[62,95290,95292],{"className":64,"code":95291,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95293,95294,95312],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95295,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95297,128],{"class":127},[71,95299,90],{"class":89},[71,95301,94939],{"class":127},[71,95303,90],{"class":89},[71,95305,94944],{"class":117},[71,95307,109],{"class":89},[71,95309,183],{"class":117},[71,95311,204],{"class":89},[71,95313,95314,95316,95318,95320,95322,95324,95326,95328],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95315,128],{"class":127},[71,95317,90],{"class":89},[71,95319,94939],{"class":127},[71,95321,90],{"class":89},[71,95323,94944],{"class":117},[71,95325,109],{"class":89},[71,95327,701],{"class":117},[71,95329,204],{"class":89},[20,95331,209],{},[62,95333,95335],{"className":64,"code":95334,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95336,95337,95341],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95338,95339],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95340,40306],{"class":117},[71,95342,95343],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95344,95345],{"class":117},"3.142\n",[20,95347,95348],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[62,95350,95352],{"className":64,"code":95351,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95353,95354,95363,95382,95386,95396],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95355,95356,95358,95360],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95357,40516],{"class":77},[71,95359,82],{"class":81},[71,95361,95362],{"class":117}," 19.9876\n",[71,95364,95365,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376,95378,95380],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95366,95367],{"class":77},"rounded_price ",[71,95369,82],{"class":81},[71,95371,95216],{"class":127},[71,95373,90],{"class":89},[71,95375,25268],{"class":133},[71,95377,109],{"class":89},[71,95379,183],{"class":117},[71,95381,121],{"class":89},[71,95383,95384],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95385,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,95387,95388,95390,95392,95394],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,95389,128],{"class":127},[71,95391,90],{"class":89},[71,95393,25268],{"class":133},[71,95395,121],{"class":89},[71,95397,95398,95400,95402,95405],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,95399,128],{"class":127},[71,95401,90],{"class":89},[71,95403,95404],{"class":133},"rounded_price",[71,95406,121],{"class":89},[20,95408,209],{},[62,95410,95412],{"className":64,"code":95411,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95413,95414,95419],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95415,95416],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95417,95418],{"class":117},"19.9876\n",[71,95420,95421],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95422,95423],{"class":117},"19.99\n",[20,95425,95426,95427,95430,95431,3209,95433,60],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95428,95429],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[56,95432,41021],{"href":41020},[56,95434,13,95435,3841],{"href":3212},[15,95436,3215],{},[288,95438,95440,95441],{"id":95439},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95442,95048],{},[20,95444,95445,95446,95448],{},"A negative ",[15,95447,95048],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[62,95450,95452],{"className":64,"code":95451,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95453,95454,95474,95494],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95455,95456,95458,95460,95462,95464,95466,95468,95470,95472],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95457,128],{"class":127},[71,95459,90],{"class":89},[71,95461,94939],{"class":127},[71,95463,90],{"class":89},[71,95465,95107],{"class":117},[71,95467,109],{"class":89},[71,95469,2552],{"class":81},[71,95471,3320],{"class":117},[71,95473,204],{"class":89},[71,95475,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484,95486,95488,95490,95492],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95477,128],{"class":127},[71,95479,90],{"class":89},[71,95481,94939],{"class":127},[71,95483,90],{"class":89},[71,95485,95107],{"class":117},[71,95487,109],{"class":89},[71,95489,2552],{"class":81},[71,95491,630],{"class":117},[71,95493,204],{"class":89},[71,95495,95496,95498,95500,95502,95504,95506,95508,95510,95512],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95497,128],{"class":127},[71,95499,90],{"class":89},[71,95501,94939],{"class":127},[71,95503,90],{"class":89},[71,95505,95107],{"class":117},[71,95507,109],{"class":89},[71,95509,2552],{"class":81},[71,95511,640],{"class":117},[71,95513,204],{"class":89},[20,95515,209],{},[62,95517,95519],{"className":64,"code":95518,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95520,95521,95526,95530],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95522,95523],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95524,95525],{"class":117},"1230\n",[71,95527,95528],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95529,95136],{"class":117},[71,95531,95532],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95533,95534],{"class":117},"1000\n",[20,95536,65722],{},[40,95538,95539,95544,95550],{},[43,95540,95541,95543],{},[15,95542,65992],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[43,95545,95546,95549],{},[15,95547,95548],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[43,95551,95552,95554],{},[15,95553,47803],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95556,95557],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[288,95559,95561],{"id":95560},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95563,95564,95565,60],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95566,95567],{},".5",[20,95569,5808],{},[62,95571,95573],{"className":64,"code":95572,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95574,95575,95589],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95576,95577,95579,95581,95583,95585,95587],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95578,128],{"class":127},[71,95580,90],{"class":89},[71,95582,94939],{"class":127},[71,95584,90],{"class":89},[71,95586,41288],{"class":117},[71,95588,204],{"class":89},[71,95590,95591,95593,95595,95597,95599,95601],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95592,128],{"class":127},[71,95594,90],{"class":89},[71,95596,94939],{"class":127},[71,95598,90],{"class":89},[71,95600,2371],{"class":117},[71,95602,204],{"class":89},[20,95604,209],{},[62,95606,95608],{"className":64,"code":95607,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"2\n4\n",[15,95609,95610,95614],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95611,95612],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95613,17170],{"class":117},[71,95615,95616],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95617,48783],{"class":117},[20,95619,95620,95621,95624,95625,95627],{},"Python uses ",[30,95622,95623],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95626,95567],{}," situations.",[20,95629,95630],{},"More examples:",[62,95632,95634],{"className":64,"code":95633,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95635,95636,95650,95664,95678],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95637,95638,95640,95642,95644,95646,95648],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95639,128],{"class":127},[71,95641,90],{"class":89},[71,95643,94939],{"class":127},[71,95645,90],{"class":89},[71,95647,41301],{"class":117},[71,95649,204],{"class":89},[71,95651,95652,95654,95656,95658,95660,95662],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95653,128],{"class":127},[71,95655,90],{"class":89},[71,95657,94939],{"class":127},[71,95659,90],{"class":89},[71,95661,41288],{"class":117},[71,95663,204],{"class":89},[71,95665,95666,95668,95670,95672,95674,95676],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95667,128],{"class":127},[71,95669,90],{"class":89},[71,95671,94939],{"class":127},[71,95673,90],{"class":89},[71,95675,2371],{"class":117},[71,95677,204],{"class":89},[71,95679,95680,95682,95684,95686,95688,95690],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,95681,128],{"class":127},[71,95683,90],{"class":89},[71,95685,94939],{"class":127},[71,95687,90],{"class":89},[71,95689,41253],{"class":117},[71,95691,204],{"class":89},[20,95693,209],{},[62,95695,95697],{"className":64,"code":95696,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95698,95699,95703,95707,95711],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95700,95701],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95702,17170],{"class":117},[71,95704,95705],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95706,17170],{"class":117},[71,95708,95709],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95710,48783],{"class":117},[71,95712,95713],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,95714,48783],{"class":117},[20,95716,95717],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95719,1681],{},[40,95721,95722,95729],{},[43,95723,95724,2463,95727],{},[15,95725,95726],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95728,630],{},[43,95730,95731,2463,95734],{},[15,95732,95733],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95735,2836],{},[20,95737,3502,95738,95740],{},[15,95739,95567],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[288,95742,95744],{"id":95743},"return-values","Return values",[20,95746,95747,95749],{},[15,95748,94898],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95751,41035,95752,95754],{},[30,95753,4967],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[62,95756,95758],{"className":64,"code":95757,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95759,95760,95769,95773,95783,95801],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95761,95762,95764,95766],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95763,2778],{"class":77},[71,95765,82],{"class":81},[71,95767,95768],{"class":117}," 3.14159\n",[71,95770,95771],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95772,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,95774,95775,95777,95779,95781],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95776,128],{"class":127},[71,95778,90],{"class":89},[71,95780,2804],{"class":133},[71,95782,121],{"class":89},[71,95784,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,95786,128],{"class":127},[71,95788,90],{"class":89},[71,95790,94939],{"class":127},[71,95792,90],{"class":89},[71,95794,2804],{"class":133},[71,95796,109],{"class":89},[71,95798,183],{"class":117},[71,95800,204],{"class":89},[71,95802,95803,95805,95807,95809],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,95804,128],{"class":127},[71,95806,90],{"class":89},[71,95808,2804],{"class":133},[71,95810,121],{"class":89},[20,95812,209],{},[62,95814,95816],{"className":64,"code":95815,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95817,95818,95823,95827],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95819,95820],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95821,95822],{"class":117},"3.14159\n",[71,95824,95825],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95826,40306],{"class":117},[71,95828,95829],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95830,95822],{"class":117},[20,95832,95833],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[62,95835,95837],{"className":64,"code":95836,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95838,95839,95847,95865,95869],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95840,95841,95843,95845],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95842,2778],{"class":77},[71,95844,82],{"class":81},[71,95846,95768],{"class":117},[71,95848,95849,95851,95853,95855,95857,95859,95861,95863],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95850,2778],{"class":77},[71,95852,82],{"class":81},[71,95854,95216],{"class":127},[71,95856,90],{"class":89},[71,95858,2804],{"class":133},[71,95860,109],{"class":89},[71,95862,183],{"class":117},[71,95864,121],{"class":89},[71,95866,95867],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,95868,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,95870,95871,95873,95875,95877],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,95872,128],{"class":127},[71,95874,90],{"class":89},[71,95876,2804],{"class":133},[71,95878,121],{"class":89},[20,95880,209],{},[62,95882,95883],{"className":64,"code":40306,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,95884,95885],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95886,95887],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95888,40306],{"class":117},[288,95890,5298,95892],{"id":95891},"when-to-use-round",[15,95893,94898],{},[20,95895,283,95896,6655],{},[15,95897,94898],{},[40,95899,95900,95903,95906,95909],{},[43,95901,95902],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[43,95904,95905],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[43,95907,95908],{},"Round values before reporting results",[43,95910,95911],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95913,5808],{},[62,95915,95917],{"className":64,"code":95916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95918,95919,95928],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95920,95921,95923,95925],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95922,2927],{"class":77},[71,95924,82],{"class":81},[71,95926,95927],{"class":117}," 12.67891\n",[71,95929,95930,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940,95942,95944],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95931,128],{"class":127},[71,95933,90],{"class":89},[71,95935,94939],{"class":127},[71,95937,90],{"class":89},[71,95939,2950],{"class":133},[71,95941,109],{"class":89},[71,95943,183],{"class":117},[71,95945,204],{"class":89},[20,95947,209],{},[62,95949,95951],{"className":64,"code":95950,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"12.68\n",[15,95952,95953],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95954,95955],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95956,95950],{"class":117},[288,95958,2054],{"id":2053},[20,95960,23212,95961,60],{},[15,95962,94898],{},[350,95964,8794,95966,95968,95969,95971],{"id":95965},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95967,94898],{}," to always round ",[15,95970,95567],{}," upward",[20,95973,95974],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[62,95976,95977],{"className":64,"code":95572,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,95978,95979,95993],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,95980,95981,95983,95985,95987,95989,95991],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,95982,128],{"class":127},[71,95984,90],{"class":89},[71,95986,94939],{"class":127},[71,95988,90],{"class":89},[71,95990,41288],{"class":117},[71,95992,204],{"class":89},[71,95994,95995,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,95996,128],{"class":127},[71,95998,90],{"class":89},[71,96000,94939],{"class":127},[71,96002,90],{"class":89},[71,96004,2371],{"class":117},[71,96006,204],{"class":89},[20,96008,209],{},[62,96010,96011],{"className":64,"code":95607,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,96012,96013,96017],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96014,96015],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96016,17170],{"class":117},[71,96018,96019],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,96020,48783],{"class":117},[20,96022,96023],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[350,96025,96027],{"id":96026},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96029,96030,96032],{},[15,96031,94898],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[62,96034,96036],{"className":64,"code":96035,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96037,96038,96046,96060,96064],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96039,96040,96042,96044],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96041,2778],{"class":77},[71,96043,82],{"class":81},[71,96045,95768],{"class":117},[71,96047,96048,96050,96052,96054,96056,96058],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,96049,94939],{"class":127},[71,96051,90],{"class":89},[71,96053,2804],{"class":133},[71,96055,109],{"class":89},[71,96057,183],{"class":117},[71,96059,121],{"class":89},[71,96061,96062],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,96063,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,96065,96066,96068,96070,96072],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,96067,128],{"class":127},[71,96069,90],{"class":89},[71,96071,2804],{"class":133},[71,96073,121],{"class":89},[20,96075,209],{},[62,96077,96078],{"className":64,"code":95822,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,96079,96080],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96081,96082],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96083,95822],{"class":117},[20,96085,96086],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[62,96088,96090],{"className":64,"code":96089,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96091,96092],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96093,96094,96096,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106,96108],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96095,2778],{"class":77},[71,96097,82],{"class":81},[71,96099,95216],{"class":127},[71,96101,90],{"class":89},[71,96103,2804],{"class":133},[71,96105,109],{"class":89},[71,96107,183],{"class":117},[71,96109,121],{"class":89},[350,96111,96113],{"id":96112},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96115,16514],{},[62,96117,96119],{"className":64,"code":96118,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96120,96121],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96122,96123],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96124,96118],{"class":1439},[20,96126,96127],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[62,96129,96131],{"className":64,"code":96130,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96132,96133,96145,96159,96163],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96134,96135,96137,96139,96141,96143],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96136,34811],{"class":77},[71,96138,82],{"class":81},[71,96140,3683],{"class":99},[71,96142,40272],{"class":103},[71,96144,3689],{"class":99},[71,96146,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,96148,2547],{"class":77},[71,96150,82],{"class":81},[71,96152,40384],{"class":85},[71,96154,90],{"class":89},[71,96156,34832],{"class":133},[71,96158,121],{"class":89},[71,96160,96161],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,96162,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,96164,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175,96177,96179],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,96166,128],{"class":127},[71,96168,90],{"class":89},[71,96170,94939],{"class":127},[71,96172,90],{"class":89},[71,96174,2569],{"class":133},[71,96176,109],{"class":89},[71,96178,165],{"class":117},[71,96180,204],{"class":89},[20,96182,209],{},[62,96184,96186],{"className":64,"code":96185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3.1\n",[15,96187,96188],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96189,96190],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96191,96185],{"class":117},[350,96193,96195],{"id":96194},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96197,96198,96200],{},[15,96199,94898],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96202,96203,96204,3209,96208,60],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[56,96205,96206],{"href":3212},[15,96207,3215],{},[56,96209,96210],{"href":3205},[15,96211,3208],{},[288,96213,2163],{"id":2162},[350,96215,12813,96217,96219,96220,96222],{"id":96216},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96218,94898],{}," always round ",[15,96221,40343],{}," up?",[20,96224,96225],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[350,96227,12813,96229,96231],{"id":96228},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96230,94898],{}," change the original number?",[20,96233,96234],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[350,96236,2184,96238,96240],{"id":96237},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96239,94898],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96242,96243,96244,96246,96247,3209,96249,60],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96245,95048],{}," value like ",[15,96248,65992],{},[15,96250,95548],{},[350,96252,28448,96254,96256,96257,2172],{"id":96253},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96255,94898],{}," on a string like ",[15,96258,48227],{},[20,96260,96261,96262,3209,96264,60],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96263,3215],{},[15,96265,3208],{},[288,96267,2221],{"id":2220},[40,96269,96270,96276,96282,96286],{},[43,96271,96272],{},[56,96273,13,96274,3841],{"href":3212},[15,96275,3215],{},[43,96277,96278],{},[56,96279,13,96280,3841],{"href":3205},[15,96281,3208],{},[43,96283,96284],{},[56,96285,2751],{"href":2750},[43,96287,96288],{},[56,96289,42311],{"href":41020},[2250,96291,96292],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":96294},[96295,96296,96298,96299,96301,96303,96305,96306,96307,96309,96316,96326],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":94990,"depth":124,"text":96297},"What round() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":95144,"depth":124,"text":96300},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95282,"depth":124,"text":96302},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95439,"depth":124,"text":96304},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95560,"depth":124,"text":95561},{"id":95743,"depth":124,"text":95744},{"id":95891,"depth":124,"text":96308},"When to use round()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":96310},[96311,96313,96314,96315],{"id":95965,"depth":139,"text":96312},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96026,"depth":139,"text":96027},{"id":96112,"depth":139,"text":96113},{"id":96194,"depth":139,"text":96195},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":96317},[96318,96320,96322,96324],{"id":96216,"depth":139,"text":96319},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96228,"depth":139,"text":96321},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96237,"depth":139,"text":96323},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96253,"depth":139,"text":96325},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94890,"description":96327},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96334,"title":96335,"body":96336,"description":97521,"extension":2292,"meta":97522,"navigation":142,"path":97523,"seo":97524,"stem":97525,"__hash__":97526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96337,"toc":97495},[96338,96345,96351,96354,96356,96405,96409,96434,96439,96444,96449,96463,96474,96476,96495,96497,96513,96516,96527,96529,96531,96592,96596,96629,96636,96643,96646,96679,96682,96686,96689,96742,96746,96767,96773,96780,96787,96848,96856,96933,96937,96949,96958,96960,96966,96972,96976,97029,97032,97090,97094,97102,97105,97109,97112,97122,97124,97221,97224,97235,97238,97281,97285,97309,97312,97318,97320,97324,97349,97351,97418,97427,97429,97435,97440,97444,97447,97451,97458,97462,97467,97469,97486,97492],[10,96339,96341,96342,11428],{"id":96340},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96343,96344],{},"add()",[20,96346,96347,96350],{},[15,96348,96349],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96352,96353],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[288,96355,2334],{"id":2333},[62,96357,96359],{"className":64,"code":96358,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96360,96361,96381,96395],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96362,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377,96379],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96364,3950],{"class":77},[71,96366,82],{"class":81},[71,96368,1456],{"class":89},[71,96370,3320],{"class":117},[71,96372,109],{"class":89},[71,96374,183],{"class":117},[71,96376,109],{"class":89},[71,96378,701],{"class":117},[71,96380,252],{"class":89},[71,96382,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,96384,3980],{"class":77},[71,96386,60],{"class":89},[71,96388,82244],{"class":133},[71,96390,90],{"class":89},[71,96392,2836],{"class":117},[71,96394,121],{"class":89},[71,96396,96397,96399,96401,96403],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,96398,128],{"class":127},[71,96400,90],{"class":89},[71,96402,3980],{"class":133},[71,96404,121],{"class":89},[20,96406,96407],{},[30,96408,209],{},[62,96410,96412],{"className":64,"code":96411,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96413,96414],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96415,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96417,219],{"class":89},[71,96419,3320],{"class":117},[71,96421,109],{"class":89},[71,96423,183],{"class":117},[71,96425,109],{"class":89},[71,96427,701],{"class":117},[71,96429,109],{"class":89},[71,96431,2788],{"class":117},[71,96433,252],{"class":89},[20,96435,283,96436,96438],{},[15,96437,96344],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[288,96440,291,96442,294],{"id":96441},"what-setadd-does",[15,96443,96349],{},[20,96445,96446,96448],{},[15,96447,96349],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[40,96450,96451,96454,96457,96460],{},[43,96452,96453],{},"Adds one item to a set",[43,96455,96456],{},"Changes the original set in place",[43,96458,96459],{},"Does not return a new set",[43,96461,96462],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96464,96465,96466,3209,96470,60],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[56,96467,96469],{"href":96468},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[56,96471,96473],{"href":96472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[288,96475,343],{"id":342},[62,96477,96479],{"className":64,"code":96478,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96480,96481],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96482,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96484,15779],{"class":77},[71,96486,60],{"class":89},[71,96488,82244],{"class":133},[71,96490,90],{"class":89},[71,96492,23428],{"class":133},[71,96494,121],{"class":89},[20,96496,11565],{},[40,96498,96499,96504,96507],{},[43,96500,56044,96501,96503],{},[15,96502,96344],{}," on an existing set",[43,96505,96506],{},"Pass exactly one item",[43,96508,96509,96510],{},"The item must be ",[30,96511,96512],{},"hashable",[20,96514,96515],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[40,96517,96518,96520,96522,96525],{},[43,96519,56597],{},[43,96521,56600],{},[43,96523,96524],{},"Tuples",[43,96526,40724],{},[288,96528,11582],{"id":11581},[20,96530,11585],{},[62,96532,96534],{"className":64,"code":96533,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96535,96536,96560,96578,96582],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96537,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556,96558],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96539,13186],{"class":77},[71,96541,82],{"class":81},[71,96543,1456],{"class":89},[71,96545,3184],{"class":99},[71,96547,13203],{"class":103},[71,96549,3184],{"class":99},[71,96551,109],{"class":89},[71,96553,3683],{"class":99},[71,96555,13220],{"class":103},[71,96557,3184],{"class":99},[71,96559,252],{"class":89},[71,96561,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,96563,17617],{"class":77},[71,96565,60],{"class":89},[71,96567,82244],{"class":133},[71,96569,90],{"class":89},[71,96571,3184],{"class":99},[71,96573,17570],{"class":103},[71,96575,3184],{"class":99},[71,96577,121],{"class":89},[71,96579,96580],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,96581,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,96583,96584,96586,96588,96590],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,96585,128],{"class":127},[71,96587,90],{"class":89},[71,96589,17617],{"class":133},[71,96591,121],{"class":89},[20,96593,96594],{},[30,96595,30150],{},[62,96597,96599],{"className":64,"code":96598,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96600,96601],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96602,96603,96605,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96604,219],{"class":89},[71,96606,100],{"class":99},[71,96608,13203],{"class":103},[71,96610,100],{"class":99},[71,96612,109],{"class":89},[71,96614,231],{"class":99},[71,96616,17570],{"class":103},[71,96618,100],{"class":99},[71,96620,109],{"class":89},[71,96622,231],{"class":99},[71,96624,13220],{"class":103},[71,96626,100],{"class":99},[71,96628,252],{"class":89},[20,96630,96631,96632,96635],{},"The new value ",[15,96633,96634],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96637,96638,96639,96642],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[30,96640,96641],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96644,96645],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[62,96647,96649],{"className":64,"code":96648,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96650,96651],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96652,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96654,219],{"class":89},[71,96656,100],{"class":99},[71,96658,13220],{"class":103},[71,96660,100],{"class":99},[71,96662,109],{"class":89},[71,96664,231],{"class":99},[71,96666,13203],{"class":103},[71,96668,100],{"class":99},[71,96670,109],{"class":89},[71,96672,231],{"class":99},[71,96674,17570],{"class":103},[71,96676,100],{"class":99},[71,96678,252],{"class":89},[20,96680,96681],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[288,96683,96685],{"id":96684},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96687,96688],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[62,96690,96692],{"className":64,"code":96691,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96693,96694,96714,96728,96732],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96695,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96697,3950],{"class":77},[71,96699,82],{"class":81},[71,96701,1456],{"class":89},[71,96703,3320],{"class":117},[71,96705,109],{"class":89},[71,96707,183],{"class":117},[71,96709,109],{"class":89},[71,96711,701],{"class":117},[71,96713,252],{"class":89},[71,96715,96716,96718,96720,96722,96724,96726],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,96717,3980],{"class":77},[71,96719,60],{"class":89},[71,96721,82244],{"class":133},[71,96723,90],{"class":89},[71,96725,630],{"class":117},[71,96727,121],{"class":89},[71,96729,96730],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,96731,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,96733,96734,96736,96738,96740],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,96735,128],{"class":127},[71,96737,90],{"class":89},[71,96739,3980],{"class":133},[71,96741,121],{"class":89},[20,96743,96744],{},[30,96745,209],{},[62,96747,96749],{"className":64,"code":96748,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96750,96751],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96752,96753,96755,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96754,219],{"class":89},[71,96756,3320],{"class":117},[71,96758,109],{"class":89},[71,96760,183],{"class":117},[71,96762,109],{"class":89},[71,96764,701],{"class":117},[71,96766,252],{"class":89},[20,96768,96769,96770,96772],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96771,630],{}," was already present.",[288,96774,96776,1552,96778],{"id":96775},"add-vs-update",[15,96777,96344],{},[15,96779,15066],{},[20,96781,283,96782,96784,96785,60],{},[15,96783,96344],{}," when you want to add ",[30,96786,52791],{},[62,96788,96790],{"className":64,"code":96789,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96791,96792,96816,96834,96838],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96793,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96795,36216],{"class":77},[71,96797,82],{"class":81},[71,96799,1456],{"class":89},[71,96801,3184],{"class":99},[71,96803,56],{"class":103},[71,96805,3184],{"class":99},[71,96807,109],{"class":89},[71,96809,3683],{"class":99},[71,96811,176],{"class":103},[71,96813,3184],{"class":99},[71,96815,252],{"class":89},[71,96817,96818,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,96819,36269],{"class":77},[71,96821,60],{"class":89},[71,96823,82244],{"class":133},[71,96825,90],{"class":89},[71,96827,3184],{"class":99},[71,96829,694],{"class":103},[71,96831,3184],{"class":99},[71,96833,121],{"class":89},[71,96835,96836],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,96837,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,96839,96840,96842,96844,96846],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,96841,128],{"class":127},[71,96843,90],{"class":89},[71,96845,36269],{"class":133},[71,96847,121],{"class":89},[20,96849,283,96850,96784,96852,96855],{},[15,96851,15066],{},[30,96853,96854],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[62,96857,96859],{"className":64,"code":96858,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96860,96861,96885,96919,96923],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96862,96863,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96864,36216],{"class":77},[71,96866,82],{"class":81},[71,96868,1456],{"class":89},[71,96870,3184],{"class":99},[71,96872,56],{"class":103},[71,96874,3184],{"class":99},[71,96876,109],{"class":89},[71,96878,3683],{"class":99},[71,96880,176],{"class":103},[71,96882,3184],{"class":99},[71,96884,252],{"class":89},[71,96886,96887,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897,96899,96901,96903,96905,96907,96909,96911,96913,96915,96917],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,96888,36269],{"class":77},[71,96890,60],{"class":89},[71,96892,30585],{"class":133},[71,96894,3317],{"class":89},[71,96896,3184],{"class":99},[71,96898,694],{"class":103},[71,96900,3184],{"class":99},[71,96902,109],{"class":89},[71,96904,3683],{"class":99},[71,96906,18883],{"class":103},[71,96908,3184],{"class":99},[71,96910,109],{"class":89},[71,96912,3683],{"class":99},[71,96914,60584],{"class":103},[71,96916,3184],{"class":99},[71,96918,4222],{"class":89},[71,96920,96921],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,96922,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,96924,96925,96927,96929,96931],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,96926,128],{"class":127},[71,96928,90],{"class":89},[71,96930,36269],{"class":133},[71,96932,121],{"class":89},[350,96934,96936],{"id":96935},"key-difference","Key difference",[40,96938,96939,96944],{},[43,96940,96941,96943],{},[15,96942,96344],{}," adds one item",[43,96945,96946,96948],{},[15,96947,15066],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96950,96951,96952,60],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[56,96953,96955,96956,1709],{"href":96954},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96957,15066],{},[288,96959,17533],{"id":17532},[20,96961,96962,2728,96964,60],{},[15,96963,96349],{},[15,96965,4110],{},[20,96967,96968,96969,96971],{},"That means you should ",[30,96970,4967],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[350,96973,96975],{"id":96974},"correct","Correct",[62,96977,96979],{"className":64,"code":96978,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96980,96981,97001,97015,97019],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,96982,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993,96995,96997,96999],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,96984,15741],{"class":77},[71,96986,82],{"class":81},[71,96988,1456],{"class":89},[71,96990,3320],{"class":117},[71,96992,109],{"class":89},[71,96994,183],{"class":117},[71,96996,109],{"class":89},[71,96998,701],{"class":117},[71,97000,252],{"class":89},[71,97002,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011,97013],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97004,15779],{"class":77},[71,97006,60],{"class":89},[71,97008,82244],{"class":133},[71,97010,90],{"class":89},[71,97012,2836],{"class":117},[71,97014,121],{"class":89},[71,97016,97017],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,97018,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97020,97021,97023,97025,97027],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,97022,128],{"class":127},[71,97024,90],{"class":89},[71,97026,15779],{"class":133},[71,97028,121],{"class":89},[350,97030,97031],{"id":61906},"Wrong",[62,97033,97035],{"className":64,"code":97034,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97036,97037,97057,97076,97080],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97038,97039,97041,97043,97045,97047,97049,97051,97053,97055],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97040,15741],{"class":77},[71,97042,82],{"class":81},[71,97044,1456],{"class":89},[71,97046,3320],{"class":117},[71,97048,109],{"class":89},[71,97050,183],{"class":117},[71,97052,109],{"class":89},[71,97054,701],{"class":117},[71,97056,252],{"class":89},[71,97058,97059,97061,97063,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97060,15741],{"class":77},[71,97062,82],{"class":81},[71,97064,97065],{"class":77}," my_set",[71,97067,60],{"class":89},[71,97069,82244],{"class":133},[71,97071,90],{"class":89},[71,97073,2836],{"class":117},[71,97075,121],{"class":89},[71,97077,97078],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,97079,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97081,97082,97084,97086,97088],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,97083,128],{"class":127},[71,97085,90],{"class":89},[71,97087,15779],{"class":133},[71,97089,121],{"class":89},[20,97091,97092],{},[30,97093,209],{},[62,97095,97096],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,97097,97098],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97099,97100],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97101,11916],{"class":4184},[20,97103,97104],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[288,97106,97108],{"id":97107},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97110,97111],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[40,97113,97114,97116,97118,97120],{},[43,97115,56597],{},[43,97117,56600],{},[43,97119,96524],{},[43,97121,40724],{},[20,97123,2537],{},[62,97125,97127],{"className":64,"code":97126,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97128,97129,97139,97143,97157,97175,97193,97207,97211],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97130,97131,97133,97135,97137],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97132,1735],{"class":77},[71,97134,82],{"class":81},[71,97136,15746],{"class":85},[71,97138,369],{"class":89},[71,97140,97141],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97142,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97144,97145,97147,97149,97151,97153,97155],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,97146,1770],{"class":77},[71,97148,60],{"class":89},[71,97150,82244],{"class":133},[71,97152,90],{"class":89},[71,97154,2661],{"class":117},[71,97156,121],{"class":89},[71,97158,97159,97161,97163,97165,97167,97169,97171,97173],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,97160,1770],{"class":77},[71,97162,60],{"class":89},[71,97164,82244],{"class":133},[71,97166,90],{"class":89},[71,97168,3184],{"class":99},[71,97170,4177],{"class":103},[71,97172,3184],{"class":99},[71,97174,121],{"class":89},[71,97176,97177,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,97178,1770],{"class":77},[71,97180,60],{"class":89},[71,97182,82244],{"class":133},[71,97184,5846],{"class":89},[71,97186,3320],{"class":117},[71,97188,109],{"class":89},[71,97190,183],{"class":117},[71,97192,204],{"class":89},[71,97194,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,97196,1770],{"class":77},[71,97198,60],{"class":89},[71,97200,82244],{"class":133},[71,97202,90],{"class":89},[71,97204,3935],{"class":4184},[71,97206,121],{"class":89},[71,97208,97209],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,97210,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97212,97213,97215,97217,97219],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,97214,128],{"class":127},[71,97216,90],{"class":89},[71,97218,1770],{"class":133},[71,97220,121],{"class":89},[20,97222,97223],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[40,97225,97226,97229,97232],{},[43,97227,97228],{},"Lists",[43,97230,97231],{},"Dictionaries",[43,97233,97234],{},"Sets",[20,97236,97237],{},"Example that causes an error:",[62,97239,97241],{"className":64,"code":97240,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97242,97243,97263],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97244,97245,97247,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259,97261],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97246,1735],{"class":77},[71,97248,82],{"class":81},[71,97250,1456],{"class":89},[71,97252,3320],{"class":117},[71,97254,109],{"class":89},[71,97256,183],{"class":117},[71,97258,109],{"class":89},[71,97260,701],{"class":117},[71,97262,252],{"class":89},[71,97264,97265,97267,97269,97271,97273,97275,97277,97279],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97266,1770],{"class":77},[71,97268,60],{"class":89},[71,97270,82244],{"class":133},[71,97272,3317],{"class":89},[71,97274,2836],{"class":117},[71,97276,109],{"class":89},[71,97278,4941],{"class":117},[71,97280,4222],{"class":89},[20,97282,97283],{},[30,97284,29801],{},[62,97286,97288],{"className":64,"code":97287,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97289,97290],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97291,97292,97294,97296,97299,97301,97303,97305,97307],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97293,3337],{"class":85},[71,97295,228],{"class":89},[71,97297,97298],{"class":77}," unhashable ",[71,97300,735],{"class":85},[71,97302,228],{"class":89},[71,97304,231],{"class":99},[71,97306,8433],{"class":103},[71,97308,29820],{"class":99},[20,97310,97311],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97313,97314,97315,60],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97316,97317],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[288,97319,2054],{"id":2053},[20,97321,14845,97322,228],{},[15,97323,96349],{},[40,97325,97326,97331,97336,97339,97346],{},[43,97327,8758,97328,97330],{},[15,97329,96344],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[43,97332,8794,97333,97335],{},[15,97334,96344],{}," to return the updated set",[43,97337,97338],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[43,97340,37331,97341,97343,97344],{},[15,97342,96349],{}," with list ",[15,97345,52787],{},[43,97347,97348],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97350,71644],{},[62,97352,97354],{"className":64,"code":97353,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97355,97356,97366,97380,97390,97404],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97357,97358,97360,97362,97364],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97359,128],{"class":127},[71,97361,90],{"class":89},[71,97363,15779],{"class":133},[71,97365,121],{"class":89},[71,97367,97368,97370,97372,97374,97376,97378],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97369,128],{"class":127},[71,97371,90],{"class":89},[71,97373,735],{"class":85},[71,97375,90],{"class":89},[71,97377,15779],{"class":133},[71,97379,204],{"class":89},[71,97381,97382,97384,97386,97388],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,97383,128],{"class":127},[71,97385,90],{"class":89},[71,97387,2804],{"class":133},[71,97389,121],{"class":89},[71,97391,97392,97394,97396,97398,97400,97402],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,97393,128],{"class":127},[71,97395,90],{"class":89},[71,97397,735],{"class":85},[71,97399,90],{"class":89},[71,97401,2804],{"class":133},[71,97403,204],{"class":89},[71,97405,97406,97408,97410,97412,97414,97416],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,97407,32274],{"class":127},[71,97409,90],{"class":89},[71,97411,6624],{"class":85},[71,97413,60],{"class":89},[71,97415,82244],{"class":24868},[71,97417,121],{"class":89},[20,97419,97420,97421,97423,97424,60],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97422,96349],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[56,97425,53184],{"href":97426},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[288,97428,2163],{"id":2162},[350,97430,12813,97432,97434],{"id":97431},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97433,96349],{}," return a new set?",[20,97436,97437,97438,60],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97439,4110],{},[350,97441,97443],{"id":97442},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97445,97446],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[350,97448,97450],{"id":97449},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97452,283,97453,2069,97456,60],{},[15,97454,97455],{},"set.update()",[15,97457,96344],{},[350,97459,97461],{"id":97460},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97463,97464,97465,60],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97466,3337],{},[288,97468,2221],{"id":2220},[40,97470,97471,97475,97480],{},[43,97472,97473],{},[56,97474,96469],{"href":96468},[43,97476,97477],{},[56,97478,97479],{"href":96472},"How to create a set in Python",[43,97481,97482],{},[56,97483,96955,97484,1709],{"href":96954},[15,97485,15066],{},[20,97487,97488,97489,97491],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97490,96344],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2250,97493,97494],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":97496},[97497,97498,97500,97501,97502,97503,97507,97511,97512,97513,97520],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":96441,"depth":124,"text":97499},"What set.add() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":96684,"depth":124,"text":96685},{"id":96775,"depth":124,"text":97504,"children":97505},"add() vs update()",[97506],{"id":96935,"depth":139,"text":96936},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533,"children":97508},[97509,97510],{"id":96974,"depth":139,"text":96975},{"id":61906,"depth":139,"text":97031},{"id":97107,"depth":124,"text":97108},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":97514},[97515,97517,97518,97519],{"id":97431,"depth":139,"text":97516},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97442,"depth":139,"text":97443},{"id":97449,"depth":139,"text":97450},{"id":97460,"depth":139,"text":97461},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96335,"description":97521},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97528,"title":97529,"body":97530,"description":98699,"extension":2292,"meta":98700,"navigation":142,"path":98701,"seo":98702,"stem":98703,"__hash__":98704},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97531,"toc":98666},[97532,97537,97543,97550,97595,97597,97608,97613,97618,97622,97636,97641,97643,97645,97660,97662,97676,97678,97680,97745,97747,97757,97759,97777,97783,97790,97795,97869,97871,97888,97894,97899,97970,97972,97999,98016,98019,98025,98027,98034,98038,98105,98107,98122,98125,98178,98180,98188,98200,98202,98206,98211,98213,98262,98264,98272,98274,98319,98321,98331,98337,98345,98358,98364,98366,98395,98397,98415,98419,98422,98453,98455,98473,98477,98552,98554,98570,98577,98579,98584,98589,98595,98598,98602,98610,98617,98625,98627,98663],[10,97533,96341,97535,11428],{"id":97534},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97536,11427],{},[20,97538,97539,97542],{},[15,97540,97541],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97544,97545,97546,97549],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[30,97547,97548],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[62,97551,97553],{"className":64,"code":97552,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97554,97555,97575,97585],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97556,97557,97559,97561,97563,97565,97567,97569,97571,97573],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97558,3950],{"class":77},[71,97560,82],{"class":81},[71,97562,1456],{"class":89},[71,97564,3320],{"class":117},[71,97566,109],{"class":89},[71,97568,183],{"class":117},[71,97570,109],{"class":89},[71,97572,701],{"class":117},[71,97574,252],{"class":89},[71,97576,97577,97579,97581,97583],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97578,3980],{"class":77},[71,97580,60],{"class":89},[71,97582,11489],{"class":133},[71,97584,369],{"class":89},[71,97586,97587,97589,97591,97593],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,97588,128],{"class":127},[71,97590,90],{"class":89},[71,97592,3980],{"class":133},[71,97594,121],{"class":89},[20,97596,209],{},[62,97598,97600],{"className":64,"code":97599,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set()\n",[15,97601,97602],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97603,97604,97606],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97605,6624],{"class":85},[71,97607,369],{"class":89},[20,97609,97610,97612],{},[15,97611,11427],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[288,97614,291,97616,294],{"id":97615},"what-setclear-does",[15,97617,97541],{},[20,97619,2309,97620,11519],{},[15,97621,11427],{},[40,97623,97624,97627,97629,97633],{},[43,97625,97626],{},"Removes every item from a set",[43,97628,96456],{},[43,97630,11530,97631],{},[15,97632,4110],{},[43,97634,97635],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97637,96465,97638,71743],{},[56,97639,96469],{"href":97640},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[288,97642,343],{"id":342},[20,97644,54582],{},[62,97646,97648],{"className":64,"code":97647,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97649,97650],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97651,97652,97654,97656,97658],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97653,15779],{"class":77},[71,97655,60],{"class":89},[71,97657,11489],{"class":133},[71,97659,369],{"class":89},[20,97661,13162],{},[40,97663,97664,97667,97670,97673],{},[43,97665,97666],{},"It takes no arguments",[43,97668,97669],{},"It empties the set",[43,97671,97672],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[43,97674,97675],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[288,97677,11582],{"id":11581},[20,97679,11585],{},[62,97681,97683],{"className":64,"code":97682,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97684,97685,97717,97721,97731,97735],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97686,97687,97689,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707,97709,97711,97713,97715],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97688,13186],{"class":77},[71,97690,82],{"class":81},[71,97692,1456],{"class":89},[71,97694,3184],{"class":99},[71,97696,13203],{"class":103},[71,97698,3184],{"class":99},[71,97700,109],{"class":89},[71,97702,3683],{"class":99},[71,97704,17570],{"class":103},[71,97706,3184],{"class":99},[71,97708,109],{"class":89},[71,97710,3683],{"class":99},[71,97712,13220],{"class":103},[71,97714,3184],{"class":99},[71,97716,252],{"class":89},[71,97718,97719],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97720,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97722,97723,97725,97727,97729],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,97724,17617],{"class":77},[71,97726,60],{"class":89},[71,97728,11489],{"class":133},[71,97730,369],{"class":89},[71,97732,97733],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,97734,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97736,97737,97739,97741,97743],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,97738,128],{"class":127},[71,97740,90],{"class":89},[71,97742,17617],{"class":133},[71,97744,121],{"class":89},[20,97746,209],{},[62,97748,97749],{"className":64,"code":97599,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,97750,97751],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97752,97753,97755],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97754,6624],{"class":85},[71,97756,369],{"class":89},[20,97758,11791],{},[40,97760,97761,97766,97771],{},[43,97762,97763,97765],{},[15,97764,17617],{}," starts with three values",[43,97767,97768,11804],{},[15,97769,97770],{},"colors.clear()",[43,97772,97773,97774,97776],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97775,4128],{},", which means an empty set",[288,97778,97780,97782],{"id":97779},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97781,11427],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97784,97785,1560,97787,97789],{},[15,97786,11427],{},[15,97788,4128],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[350,97791,8758,97793],{"id":97792},"using-clear",[15,97794,11427],{},[62,97796,97798],{"className":64,"code":97797,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97799,97800,97820,97830,97834,97844,97848,97858],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97801,97802,97804,97806,97808,97810,97812,97814,97816,97818],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97803,1735],{"class":77},[71,97805,82],{"class":81},[71,97807,1456],{"class":89},[71,97809,3320],{"class":117},[71,97811,109],{"class":89},[71,97813,183],{"class":117},[71,97815,109],{"class":89},[71,97817,701],{"class":117},[71,97819,252],{"class":89},[71,97821,97822,97825,97827],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97823,97824],{"class":77},"other_name ",[71,97826,82],{"class":81},[71,97828,97829],{"class":77}," items\n",[71,97831,97832],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,97833,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97835,97836,97838,97840,97842],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,97837,1770],{"class":77},[71,97839,60],{"class":89},[71,97841,11489],{"class":133},[71,97843,369],{"class":89},[71,97845,97846],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,97847,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97849,97850,97852,97854,97856],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,97851,128],{"class":127},[71,97853,90],{"class":89},[71,97855,1770],{"class":133},[71,97857,121],{"class":89},[71,97859,97860,97862,97864,97867],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,97861,128],{"class":127},[71,97863,90],{"class":89},[71,97865,97866],{"class":133},"other_name",[71,97868,121],{"class":89},[20,97870,209],{},[62,97872,97874],{"className":64,"code":97873,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97875,97876,97882],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97877,97878,97880],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97879,6624],{"class":85},[71,97881,369],{"class":89},[71,97883,97884,97886],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97885,6624],{"class":85},[71,97887,369],{"class":89},[20,97889,97890,97891,60],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[30,97892,97893],{},"same set object",[350,97895,8758,97897],{"id":97896},"using-set",[15,97898,4128],{},[62,97900,97902],{"className":64,"code":97901,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97903,97904,97924,97932,97936,97946,97950,97960],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97907,1735],{"class":77},[71,97909,82],{"class":81},[71,97911,1456],{"class":89},[71,97913,3320],{"class":117},[71,97915,109],{"class":89},[71,97917,183],{"class":117},[71,97919,109],{"class":89},[71,97921,701],{"class":117},[71,97923,252],{"class":89},[71,97925,97926,97928,97930],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97927,97824],{"class":77},[71,97929,82],{"class":81},[71,97931,97829],{"class":77},[71,97933,97934],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,97935,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97937,97938,97940,97942,97944],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,97939,1735],{"class":77},[71,97941,82],{"class":81},[71,97943,15746],{"class":85},[71,97945,369],{"class":89},[71,97947,97948],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,97949,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,97951,97952,97954,97956,97958],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,97953,128],{"class":127},[71,97955,90],{"class":89},[71,97957,1770],{"class":133},[71,97959,121],{"class":89},[71,97961,97962,97964,97966,97968],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,97963,128],{"class":127},[71,97965,90],{"class":89},[71,97967,97866],{"class":133},[71,97969,121],{"class":89},[20,97971,209],{},[62,97973,97975],{"className":64,"code":97974,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97976,97977,97983],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,97978,97979,97981],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,97980,6624],{"class":85},[71,97982,369],{"class":89},[71,97984,97985,97987,97989,97991,97993,97995,97997],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,97986,219],{"class":89},[71,97988,3320],{"class":117},[71,97990,109],{"class":89},[71,97992,183],{"class":117},[71,97994,109],{"class":89},[71,97996,701],{"class":117},[71,97998,252],{"class":89},[20,98000,20887,98001,93233,98004,98007,98008,60,98010,98012,98013,98015],{},[15,98002,98003],{},"items = set()",[30,98005,98006],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98009,1770],{},[808,98011],{},"\nBut ",[15,98014,97866],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98017,98018],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98020,98021,98022,60],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[56,98023,96473],{"href":98024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[288,98026,17533],{"id":17532},[20,98028,98029,14165,98031,98033],{},[15,98030,11427],{},[30,98032,4967],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98035,5485,98036,60],{},[15,98037,4110],{},[62,98039,98041],{"className":64,"code":98040,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98042,98043,98063,98067,98081,98085,98095],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98044,98045,98047,98049,98051,98053,98055,98057,98059,98061],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98046,3950],{"class":77},[71,98048,82],{"class":81},[71,98050,1456],{"class":89},[71,98052,3320],{"class":117},[71,98054,109],{"class":89},[71,98056,183],{"class":117},[71,98058,109],{"class":89},[71,98060,701],{"class":117},[71,98062,252],{"class":89},[71,98064,98065],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98066,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,98068,98069,98071,98073,98075,98077,98079],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,98070,1102],{"class":77},[71,98072,82],{"class":81},[71,98074,4599],{"class":77},[71,98076,60],{"class":89},[71,98078,11489],{"class":133},[71,98080,369],{"class":89},[71,98082,98083],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,98084,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,98086,98087,98089,98091,98093],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,98088,128],{"class":127},[71,98090,90],{"class":89},[71,98092,2594],{"class":133},[71,98094,121],{"class":89},[71,98096,98097,98099,98101,98103],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,98098,128],{"class":127},[71,98100,90],{"class":89},[71,98102,3980],{"class":133},[71,98104,121],{"class":89},[20,98106,209],{},[62,98108,98110],{"className":64,"code":98109,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"None\nset()\n",[15,98111,98112,98116],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98113,98114],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98115,11916],{"class":4184},[71,98117,98118,98120],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98119,6624],{"class":85},[71,98121,369],{"class":89},[20,98123,98124],{},"Do not do this:",[62,98126,98128],{"className":64,"code":98127,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98129,98130,98150,98164,98168],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98131,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144,98146,98148],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98133,3950],{"class":77},[71,98135,82],{"class":81},[71,98137,1456],{"class":89},[71,98139,3320],{"class":117},[71,98141,109],{"class":89},[71,98143,183],{"class":117},[71,98145,109],{"class":89},[71,98147,701],{"class":117},[71,98149,252],{"class":89},[71,98151,98152,98154,98156,98158,98160,98162],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98153,3950],{"class":77},[71,98155,82],{"class":81},[71,98157,4599],{"class":77},[71,98159,60],{"class":89},[71,98161,11489],{"class":133},[71,98163,369],{"class":89},[71,98165,98166],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,98167,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,98169,98170,98172,98174,98176],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,98171,128],{"class":127},[71,98173,90],{"class":89},[71,98175,3980],{"class":133},[71,98177,121],{"class":89},[20,98179,209],{},[62,98181,98182],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,98183,98184],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98185,98186],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98187,11916],{"class":4184},[20,98189,22306,98190,2728,98192,98194,98195,98197,98198,60],{},[15,98191,54695],{},[15,98193,4110],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98196,4110],{}," back to ",[15,98199,3980],{},[288,98201,4855],{"id":4854},[20,98203,1716,98204,60],{},[15,98205,97541],{},[350,98207,12703,98209],{"id":98208},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98210,11427],{},[20,98212,16757],{},[62,98214,98216],{"className":64,"code":98215,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98217,98218,98238,98252],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98219,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98221,15741],{"class":77},[71,98223,82],{"class":81},[71,98225,1456],{"class":89},[71,98227,3320],{"class":117},[71,98229,109],{"class":89},[71,98231,183],{"class":117},[71,98233,109],{"class":89},[71,98235,701],{"class":117},[71,98237,252],{"class":89},[71,98239,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98241,15741],{"class":77},[71,98243,82],{"class":81},[71,98245,97065],{"class":77},[71,98247,60],{"class":89},[71,98249,11489],{"class":133},[71,98251,369],{"class":89},[71,98253,98254,98256,98258,98260],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,98255,128],{"class":127},[71,98257,90],{"class":89},[71,98259,15779],{"class":133},[71,98261,121],{"class":89},[20,98263,209],{},[62,98265,98266],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,98267,98268],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98269,98270],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98271,11916],{"class":4184},[20,98273,16769],{},[62,98275,98277],{"className":64,"code":98276,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98278,98279,98299,98309],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98280,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289,98291,98293,98295,98297],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98282,15741],{"class":77},[71,98284,82],{"class":81},[71,98286,1456],{"class":89},[71,98288,3320],{"class":117},[71,98290,109],{"class":89},[71,98292,183],{"class":117},[71,98294,109],{"class":89},[71,98296,701],{"class":117},[71,98298,252],{"class":89},[71,98300,98301,98303,98305,98307],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98302,15779],{"class":77},[71,98304,60],{"class":89},[71,98306,11489],{"class":133},[71,98308,369],{"class":89},[71,98310,98311,98313,98315,98317],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,98312,128],{"class":127},[71,98314,90],{"class":89},[71,98316,15779],{"class":133},[71,98318,121],{"class":89},[20,98320,209],{},[62,98322,98323],{"className":64,"code":97599,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,98324,98325],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98326,98327,98329],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98328,6624],{"class":85},[71,98330,369],{"class":89},[350,98332,8794,98334,98336],{"id":98333},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98335,11427],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98338,98339,98341,98342,98344],{},[15,98340,11427],{}," removes ",[30,98343,4047],{}," items from the set.",[20,98346,98347,98348,3209,98353,60],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[56,98349,98351],{"href":98350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98352,55664],{},[56,98354,98356],{"href":98355},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98357,12872],{},[350,98359,8758,98361,98363],{"id":98360},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98362,805],{}," for an empty set",[20,98365,25809],{},[62,98367,98369],{"className":64,"code":98368,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98370,98371,98380],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98372,98373,98376,98378],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98374,98375],{"class":77},"empty_value ",[71,98377,82],{"class":81},[71,98379,799],{"class":89},[71,98381,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98393],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98383,128],{"class":127},[71,98385,90],{"class":89},[71,98387,735],{"class":85},[71,98389,90],{"class":89},[71,98391,98392],{"class":133},"empty_value",[71,98394,204],{"class":89},[20,98396,209],{},[62,98398,98399],{"className":64,"code":9150,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,98400,98401],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98402,98403,98405,98407,98409,98411,98413],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98404,765],{"class":81},[71,98406,769],{"class":768},[71,98408,231],{"class":99},[71,98410,196],{"class":103},[71,98412,100],{"class":99},[71,98414,778],{"class":81},[20,98416,98417,9130],{},[15,98418,805],{},[20,98420,98421],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[62,98423,98425],{"className":64,"code":98424,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98426,98427,98438],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98428,98429,98432,98434,98436],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98430,98431],{"class":77},"empty_set ",[71,98433,82],{"class":81},[71,98435,15746],{"class":85},[71,98437,369],{"class":89},[71,98439,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98451],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98441,128],{"class":127},[71,98443,90],{"class":89},[71,98445,735],{"class":85},[71,98447,90],{"class":89},[71,98449,98450],{"class":133},"empty_set",[71,98452,204],{"class":89},[20,98454,209],{},[62,98456,98457],{"className":64,"code":9193,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,98458,98459],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98460,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469,98471],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98462,765],{"class":81},[71,98464,769],{"class":768},[71,98466,231],{"class":99},[71,98468,6624],{"class":103},[71,98470,100],{"class":99},[71,98472,778],{"class":81},[350,98474,98476],{"id":98475},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[62,98478,98480],{"className":64,"code":98479,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98481,98482,98506,98514,98518,98528,98532,98542],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98483,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498,98500,98502,98504],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98485,2886],{"class":77},[71,98487,82],{"class":81},[71,98489,1456],{"class":89},[71,98491,3184],{"class":99},[71,98493,1986],{"class":103},[71,98495,3184],{"class":99},[71,98497,109],{"class":89},[71,98499,3683],{"class":99},[71,98501,11853],{"class":103},[71,98503,3184],{"class":99},[71,98505,252],{"class":89},[71,98507,98508,98510,98512],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98509,2913],{"class":77},[71,98511,82],{"class":81},[71,98513,36301],{"class":77},[71,98515,98516],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,98517,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,98519,98520,98522,98524,98526],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,98521,56],{"class":77},[71,98523,60],{"class":89},[71,98525,11489],{"class":133},[71,98527,369],{"class":89},[71,98529,98530],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,98531,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,98533,98534,98536,98538,98540],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,98535,128],{"class":127},[71,98537,90],{"class":89},[71,98539,56],{"class":133},[71,98541,121],{"class":89},[71,98543,98544,98546,98548,98550],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,98545,128],{"class":127},[71,98547,90],{"class":89},[71,98549,176],{"class":133},[71,98551,121],{"class":89},[20,98553,209],{},[62,98555,98556],{"className":64,"code":97873,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,98557,98558,98564],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98559,98560,98562],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98561,6624],{"class":85},[71,98563,369],{"class":89},[71,98565,98566,98568],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98567,6624],{"class":85},[71,98569,369],{"class":89},[20,98571,29181,98572,1560,98574,98576],{},[15,98573,56],{},[15,98575,176],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[288,98578,2163],{"id":2162},[350,98580,5479,98582,5482],{"id":98581},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98583,97541],{},[20,98585,5485,98586,98588],{},[15,98587,4110],{},". It empties the set in place.",[350,98590,12813,98592,98594],{"id":98591},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98593,11427],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98596,98597],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[350,98599,98601],{"id":98600},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98603,98604,98605,98607,98608,60],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98606,11427],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98609,4128],{},[350,98611,2167,98613,1560,98615,2172],{"id":98612},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98614,11427],{},[15,98616,4128],{},[20,98618,98619,98621,98622,98624],{},[15,98620,11427],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98623,4128],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[288,98626,2221],{"id":2220},[40,98628,98629,98633,98637,98644,98650,98656],{},[43,98630,98631],{},[56,98632,96469],{"href":97640},[43,98634,98635],{},[56,98636,97479],{"href":98024},[43,98638,98639],{},[56,98640,96955,98642,1709],{"href":98641},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98643,96344],{},[43,98645,98646],{},[56,98647,96955,98648,1709],{"href":98350},[15,98649,55664],{},[43,98651,98652],{},[56,98653,96955,98654,1709],{"href":98355},[15,98655,12872],{},[43,98657,98658],{},[56,98659,96955,98661,1709],{"href":98660},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98662,15066],{},[2250,98664,98665],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":98667},[98668,98670,98671,98672,98679,98680,98689,98698],{"id":97615,"depth":124,"text":98669},"What set.clear() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":97779,"depth":124,"text":98673,"children":98674},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98675,98677],{"id":97792,"depth":139,"text":98676},"Using clear()",{"id":97896,"depth":139,"text":98678},"Using set()",{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":98681},[98682,98684,98686,98688],{"id":98208,"depth":139,"text":98683},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98333,"depth":139,"text":98685},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98360,"depth":139,"text":98687},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98475,"depth":139,"text":98476},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":98690},[98691,98693,98695,98696],{"id":98581,"depth":139,"text":98692},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98591,"depth":139,"text":98694},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98600,"depth":139,"text":98601},{"id":98612,"depth":139,"text":98697},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97529,"description":98699},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98706,"title":98707,"body":98708,"description":100540,"extension":2292,"meta":100541,"navigation":142,"path":96472,"seo":100542,"stem":100543,"__hash__":100544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98709,"toc":100497},[98710,98713,98716,98719,98721,98824,98828,98875,98881,98883,98902,98906,98909,98911,98925,98934,98938,98941,98976,98980,99000,99003,99007,99010,99071,99075,99100,99107,99113,99118,99120,99132,99136,99185,99189,99213,99220,99224,99265,99269,99290,99294,99327,99331,99372,99375,99379,99384,99423,99427,99452,99457,99463,99500,99504,99527,99531,99533,99536,99539,99616,99620,99657,99660,99664,99670,99673,99683,99732,99738,99744,99771,99774,99796,99798,99829,99832,99836,99840,99879,99883,99946,99949,99982,99986,100011,100013,100016,100022,100025,100052,100055,100073,100077,100081,100084,100127,100130,100134,100137,100140,100170,100173,100177,100180,100195,100200,100204,100207,100296,100298,100301,100391,100394,100412,100414,100418,100428,100432,100440,100444,100447,100451,100454,100458,100461,100463,100491,100494],[10,98711,98707],{"id":98712},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98714,98715],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98717,98718],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[288,98720,3940],{"id":3939},[62,98722,98724],{"className":64,"code":98723,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98725,98726,98746,98780,98790,98794,98804,98814],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98727,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98729,3950],{"class":77},[71,98731,82],{"class":81},[71,98733,1456],{"class":89},[71,98735,3320],{"class":117},[71,98737,109],{"class":89},[71,98739,183],{"class":117},[71,98741,109],{"class":89},[71,98743,701],{"class":117},[71,98745,252],{"class":89},[71,98747,98748,98750,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98749,4405],{"class":77},[71,98751,82],{"class":81},[71,98753,15746],{"class":85},[71,98755,3317],{"class":89},[71,98757,3184],{"class":99},[71,98759,4414],{"class":103},[71,98761,3184],{"class":99},[71,98763,109],{"class":89},[71,98765,3683],{"class":99},[71,98767,4423],{"class":103},[71,98769,3184],{"class":99},[71,98771,109],{"class":89},[71,98773,3683],{"class":99},[71,98775,4414],{"class":103},[71,98777,3184],{"class":99},[71,98779,4222],{"class":89},[71,98781,98782,98784,98786,98788],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,98783,98431],{"class":77},[71,98785,82],{"class":81},[71,98787,15746],{"class":85},[71,98789,369],{"class":89},[71,98791,98792],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,98793,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,98795,98796,98798,98800,98802],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,98797,128],{"class":127},[71,98799,90],{"class":89},[71,98801,3980],{"class":133},[71,98803,121],{"class":89},[71,98805,98806,98808,98810,98812],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,98807,128],{"class":127},[71,98809,90],{"class":89},[71,98811,4449],{"class":133},[71,98813,121],{"class":89},[71,98815,98816,98818,98820,98822],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,98817,128],{"class":127},[71,98819,90],{"class":89},[71,98821,98450],{"class":133},[71,98823,121],{"class":89},[20,98825,98826],{},[30,98827,209],{},[62,98829,98831],{"className":64,"code":98830,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98832,98833,98849,98869],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98834,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98836,219],{"class":89},[71,98838,3320],{"class":117},[71,98840,109],{"class":89},[71,98842,183],{"class":117},[71,98844,109],{"class":89},[71,98846,701],{"class":117},[71,98848,252],{"class":89},[71,98850,98851,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98852,219],{"class":89},[71,98854,100],{"class":99},[71,98856,4423],{"class":103},[71,98858,100],{"class":99},[71,98860,109],{"class":89},[71,98862,231],{"class":99},[71,98864,4414],{"class":103},[71,98866,100],{"class":99},[71,98868,252],{"class":89},[71,98870,98871,98873],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,98872,6624],{"class":85},[71,98874,369],{"class":89},[20,98876,98877,98878,98880],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98879,4128],{}," for an empty set.",[288,98882,15275],{"id":15274},[40,98884,98885,98888,98893,98896,98899],{},[43,98886,98887],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[43,98889,98890,98891],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98892,4128],{},[43,98894,98895],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[43,98897,98898],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[43,98900,98901],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[288,98903,98905],{"id":98904},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98907,98908],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98910,30661],{},[40,98912,98913,98916,98919,98922],{},[43,98914,98915],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[43,98917,98918],{},"Sets are unordered",[43,98920,98921],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[43,98923,98924],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98926,98927,98928,3209,98930,60],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[56,98929,96469],{"href":97640},[56,98931,98933],{"href":98932},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[288,98935,98937],{"id":98936},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98939,98940],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[62,98942,98944],{"className":64,"code":98943,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98945,98946,98966],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98947,98948,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98949,3950],{"class":77},[71,98951,82],{"class":81},[71,98953,1456],{"class":89},[71,98955,3320],{"class":117},[71,98957,109],{"class":89},[71,98959,183],{"class":117},[71,98961,109],{"class":89},[71,98963,701],{"class":117},[71,98965,252],{"class":89},[71,98967,98968,98970,98972,98974],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,98969,128],{"class":127},[71,98971,90],{"class":89},[71,98973,3980],{"class":133},[71,98975,121],{"class":89},[20,98977,98978],{},[30,98979,30150],{},[62,98981,98982],{"className":64,"code":96748,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,98983,98984],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,98985,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,98987,219],{"class":89},[71,98989,3320],{"class":117},[71,98991,109],{"class":89},[71,98993,183],{"class":117},[71,98995,109],{"class":89},[71,98997,701],{"class":117},[71,98999,252],{"class":89},[20,99001,99002],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[350,99004,99006],{"id":99005},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99008,99009],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[62,99011,99013],{"className":64,"code":99012,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99014,99015,99047,99057],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99016,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043,99045],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99018,3950],{"class":77},[71,99020,82],{"class":81},[71,99022,1456],{"class":89},[71,99024,3320],{"class":117},[71,99026,109],{"class":89},[71,99028,183],{"class":117},[71,99030,109],{"class":89},[71,99032,183],{"class":117},[71,99034,109],{"class":89},[71,99036,701],{"class":117},[71,99038,109],{"class":89},[71,99040,701],{"class":117},[71,99042,109],{"class":89},[71,99044,701],{"class":117},[71,99046,252],{"class":89},[71,99048,99049,99051,99053,99055],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99050,128],{"class":127},[71,99052,90],{"class":89},[71,99054,3980],{"class":133},[71,99056,121],{"class":89},[71,99058,99059,99061,99063,99065,99067,99069],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,99060,128],{"class":127},[71,99062,90],{"class":89},[71,99064,2139],{"class":127},[71,99066,90],{"class":89},[71,99068,3980],{"class":133},[71,99070,204],{"class":89},[20,99072,99073],{},[30,99074,30150],{},[62,99076,99078],{"className":64,"code":99077,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99079,99080,99096],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99081,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99083,219],{"class":89},[71,99085,3320],{"class":117},[71,99087,109],{"class":89},[71,99089,183],{"class":117},[71,99091,109],{"class":89},[71,99093,701],{"class":117},[71,99095,252],{"class":89},[71,99097,99098],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99099,46749],{"class":117},[20,99101,21094,99102,1560,99104,99106],{},[15,99103,630],{},[15,99105,640],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[288,99108,99110,99111],{"id":99109},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99112,4128],{},[20,99114,283,99115,99117],{},[15,99116,4128],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99119,5793],{},[40,99121,99122,99124,99126,99128],{},[43,99123,97228],{},[43,99125,96524],{},[43,99127,56600],{},[43,99129,99130],{},[15,99131,36324],{},[350,99133,99135],{"id":99134},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[62,99137,99139],{"className":64,"code":99138,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99140,99141,99175],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99142,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99144,3950],{"class":77},[71,99146,82],{"class":81},[71,99148,15746],{"class":85},[71,99150,3317],{"class":89},[71,99152,3320],{"class":117},[71,99154,109],{"class":89},[71,99156,183],{"class":117},[71,99158,109],{"class":89},[71,99160,183],{"class":117},[71,99162,109],{"class":89},[71,99164,701],{"class":117},[71,99166,109],{"class":89},[71,99168,701],{"class":117},[71,99170,109],{"class":89},[71,99172,2788],{"class":117},[71,99174,4222],{"class":89},[71,99176,99177,99179,99181,99183],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99178,128],{"class":127},[71,99180,90],{"class":89},[71,99182,3980],{"class":133},[71,99184,121],{"class":89},[20,99186,99187],{},[30,99188,30150],{},[62,99190,99191],{"className":64,"code":96411,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,99192,99193],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99194,99195,99197,99199,99201,99203,99205,99207,99209,99211],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99196,219],{"class":89},[71,99198,3320],{"class":117},[71,99200,109],{"class":89},[71,99202,183],{"class":117},[71,99204,109],{"class":89},[71,99206,701],{"class":117},[71,99208,109],{"class":89},[71,99210,2788],{"class":117},[71,99212,252],{"class":89},[20,99214,99215,99216,60],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[56,99217,99219],{"href":99218},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[350,99221,99223],{"id":99222},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[62,99225,99227],{"className":64,"code":99226,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99228,99229,99255],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99230,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249,99251,99253],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99232,4154],{"class":77},[71,99234,82],{"class":81},[71,99236,15746],{"class":85},[71,99238,5846],{"class":89},[71,99240,2661],{"class":117},[71,99242,109],{"class":89},[71,99244,8129],{"class":117},[71,99246,109],{"class":89},[71,99248,8129],{"class":117},[71,99250,109],{"class":89},[71,99252,8134],{"class":117},[71,99254,204],{"class":89},[71,99256,99257,99259,99261,99263],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99258,128],{"class":127},[71,99260,90],{"class":89},[71,99262,5694],{"class":133},[71,99264,121],{"class":89},[20,99266,99267],{},[30,99268,30150],{},[62,99270,99272],{"className":64,"code":99271,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99273,99274],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99275,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99277,219],{"class":89},[71,99279,2661],{"class":117},[71,99281,109],{"class":89},[71,99283,8129],{"class":117},[71,99285,109],{"class":89},[71,99287,8134],{"class":117},[71,99289,252],{"class":89},[350,99291,99293],{"id":99292},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[62,99295,99297],{"className":64,"code":99296,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99298,99299,99317],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99300,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99302,36216],{"class":77},[71,99304,82],{"class":81},[71,99306,15746],{"class":85},[71,99308,90],{"class":89},[71,99310,3184],{"class":99},[71,99312,4177],{"class":103},[71,99314,3184],{"class":99},[71,99316,121],{"class":89},[71,99318,99319,99321,99323,99325],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99320,128],{"class":127},[71,99322,90],{"class":89},[71,99324,36269],{"class":133},[71,99326,121],{"class":89},[20,99328,99329],{},[30,99330,30150],{},[62,99332,99334],{"className":64,"code":99333,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99335,99336],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99337,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99339,219],{"class":89},[71,99341,100],{"class":99},[71,99343,60575],{"class":103},[71,99345,100],{"class":99},[71,99347,109],{"class":89},[71,99349,231],{"class":99},[71,99351,60584],{"class":103},[71,99353,100],{"class":99},[71,99355,109],{"class":89},[71,99357,231],{"class":99},[71,99359,60593],{"class":103},[71,99361,100],{"class":99},[71,99363,109],{"class":89},[71,99365,231],{"class":99},[71,99367,60610],{"class":103},[71,99369,100],{"class":99},[71,99371,252],{"class":89},[20,99373,99374],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[288,99376,99378],{"id":99377},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99380,99381,99382,60],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99383,4128],{},[62,99385,99387],{"className":64,"code":99386,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99388,99389,99399,99409],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99390,99391,99393,99395,99397],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99392,98431],{"class":77},[71,99394,82],{"class":81},[71,99396,15746],{"class":85},[71,99398,369],{"class":89},[71,99400,99401,99403,99405,99407],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99402,128],{"class":127},[71,99404,90],{"class":89},[71,99406,98450],{"class":133},[71,99408,121],{"class":89},[71,99410,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,99412,128],{"class":127},[71,99414,90],{"class":89},[71,99416,735],{"class":85},[71,99418,90],{"class":89},[71,99420,98450],{"class":133},[71,99422,204],{"class":89},[20,99424,99425],{},[30,99426,209],{},[62,99428,99430],{"className":64,"code":99429,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99431,99432,99438],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99433,99434,99436],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99435,6624],{"class":85},[71,99437,369],{"class":89},[71,99439,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99441,765],{"class":81},[71,99443,769],{"class":768},[71,99445,231],{"class":99},[71,99447,6624],{"class":103},[71,99449,100],{"class":99},[71,99451,778],{"class":81},[350,99453,44560,99455],{"id":99454},"do-not-use",[15,99456,805],{},[20,99458,99459,99460,99462],{},"Empty braces do ",[30,99461,4967],{}," create a set.",[62,99464,99466],{"className":64,"code":99465,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99467,99468,99476,99486],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99469,99470,99472,99474],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99471,98375],{"class":77},[71,99473,82],{"class":81},[71,99475,799],{"class":89},[71,99477,99478,99480,99482,99484],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99479,128],{"class":127},[71,99481,90],{"class":89},[71,99483,98392],{"class":133},[71,99485,121],{"class":89},[71,99487,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,99489,128],{"class":127},[71,99491,90],{"class":89},[71,99493,735],{"class":85},[71,99495,90],{"class":89},[71,99497,98392],{"class":133},[71,99499,204],{"class":89},[20,99501,99502],{},[30,99503,209],{},[62,99505,99507],{"className":64,"code":99506,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99508,99509,99513],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99510,99511],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99512,386],{"class":89},[71,99514,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99516,765],{"class":81},[71,99518,769],{"class":768},[71,99520,231],{"class":99},[71,99522,196],{"class":103},[71,99524,100],{"class":99},[71,99526,778],{"class":81},[20,99528,99529,9130],{},[15,99530,805],{},[288,99532,72407],{"id":72406},[20,99534,99535],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99537,99538],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[62,99540,99542],{"className":64,"code":99541,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99543,99544,99592,99602],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99545,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576,99578,99580,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99547,4405],{"class":77},[71,99549,82],{"class":81},[71,99551,1456],{"class":89},[71,99553,3184],{"class":99},[71,99555,4414],{"class":103},[71,99557,3184],{"class":99},[71,99559,109],{"class":89},[71,99561,3683],{"class":99},[71,99563,4423],{"class":103},[71,99565,3184],{"class":99},[71,99567,109],{"class":89},[71,99569,3683],{"class":99},[71,99571,4414],{"class":103},[71,99573,3184],{"class":99},[71,99575,109],{"class":89},[71,99577,3683],{"class":99},[71,99579,4414],{"class":103},[71,99581,3184],{"class":99},[71,99583,109],{"class":89},[71,99585,3683],{"class":99},[71,99587,33343],{"class":103},[71,99589,3184],{"class":99},[71,99591,252],{"class":89},[71,99593,99594,99596,99598,99600],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99595,128],{"class":127},[71,99597,90],{"class":89},[71,99599,4449],{"class":133},[71,99601,121],{"class":89},[71,99603,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,99605,128],{"class":127},[71,99607,90],{"class":89},[71,99609,2139],{"class":127},[71,99611,90],{"class":89},[71,99613,4449],{"class":133},[71,99615,204],{"class":89},[20,99617,99618],{},[30,99619,30150],{},[62,99621,99623],{"className":64,"code":99622,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99624,99625,99653],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99626,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99628,219],{"class":89},[71,99630,100],{"class":99},[71,99632,4423],{"class":103},[71,99634,100],{"class":99},[71,99636,109],{"class":89},[71,99638,231],{"class":99},[71,99640,33343],{"class":103},[71,99642,100],{"class":99},[71,99644,109],{"class":89},[71,99646,231],{"class":99},[71,99648,4414],{"class":103},[71,99650,100],{"class":99},[71,99652,252],{"class":89},[71,99654,99655],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99656,46749],{"class":117},[20,99658,99659],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[288,99661,99663],{"id":99662},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99665,99666,99667,99669],{},"Set items must be ",[30,99668,96512],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99671,99672],{},"These usually work:",[40,99674,99675,99677,99679,99681],{},[43,99676,56597],{},[43,99678,56600],{},[43,99680,96524],{},[43,99682,40724],{},[62,99684,99686],{"className":64,"code":99685,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99687,99688,99722],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99689,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99691,4154],{"class":77},[71,99693,82],{"class":81},[71,99695,1456],{"class":89},[71,99697,3320],{"class":117},[71,99699,109],{"class":89},[71,99701,3683],{"class":99},[71,99703,4414],{"class":103},[71,99705,3184],{"class":99},[71,99707,109],{"class":89},[71,99709,171],{"class":89},[71,99711,2661],{"class":117},[71,99713,109],{"class":89},[71,99715,8129],{"class":117},[71,99717,168],{"class":89},[71,99719,4250],{"class":4184},[71,99721,252],{"class":89},[71,99723,99724,99726,99728,99730],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99725,128],{"class":127},[71,99727,90],{"class":89},[71,99729,5694],{"class":133},[71,99731,121],{"class":89},[20,99733,99734,99735,99737],{},"These do ",[30,99736,4967],{}," work directly:",[40,99739,99740,99742],{},[43,99741,97228],{},[43,99743,97231],{},[62,99745,99747],{"className":64,"code":99746,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99748,99749],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99750,99751,99754,99756,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99752,99753],{"class":77},"bad_set ",[71,99755,82],{"class":81},[71,99757,99758],{"class":89}," {[",[71,99760,3320],{"class":117},[71,99762,109],{"class":89},[71,99764,183],{"class":117},[71,99766,109],{"class":89},[71,99768,701],{"class":117},[71,99770,13817],{"class":89},[20,99772,99773],{},"This raises an error:",[62,99775,99776],{"className":64,"code":97287,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,99777,99778],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99779,99780,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99781,3337],{"class":85},[71,99783,228],{"class":89},[71,99785,97298],{"class":77},[71,99787,735],{"class":85},[71,99789,228],{"class":89},[71,99791,231],{"class":99},[71,99793,8433],{"class":103},[71,99795,29820],{"class":99},[20,99797,52214],{},[62,99799,99801],{"className":64,"code":99800,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99802,99803],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99804,99805,99807,99809,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99806,99753],{"class":77},[71,99808,82],{"class":81},[71,99810,99811],{"class":89}," {{",[71,99813,3184],{"class":99},[71,99815,94],{"class":103},[71,99817,3184],{"class":99},[71,99819,228],{"class":89},[71,99821,3683],{"class":99},[71,99823,1470],{"class":103},[71,99825,3184],{"class":99},[71,99827,99828],{"class":89},"}}\n",[20,99830,99831],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[288,99833,99835],{"id":99834},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[350,99837,99839],{"id":99838},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[62,99841,99843],{"className":64,"code":99842,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99844,99845,99869],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99846,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99848,3950],{"class":77},[71,99850,82],{"class":81},[71,99852,1456],{"class":89},[71,99854,3320],{"class":117},[71,99856,109],{"class":89},[71,99858,183],{"class":117},[71,99860,109],{"class":89},[71,99862,701],{"class":117},[71,99864,109],{"class":89},[71,99866,2788],{"class":117},[71,99868,252],{"class":89},[71,99870,99871,99873,99875,99877],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99872,128],{"class":127},[71,99874,90],{"class":89},[71,99876,3980],{"class":133},[71,99878,121],{"class":89},[350,99880,99882],{"id":99881},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[62,99884,99886],{"className":64,"code":99885,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99887,99888,99916,99931,99935],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99889,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99891,1735],{"class":77},[71,99893,82],{"class":81},[71,99895,1740],{"class":89},[71,99897,3320],{"class":117},[71,99899,109],{"class":89},[71,99901,165],{"class":117},[71,99903,109],{"class":89},[71,99905,183],{"class":117},[71,99907,109],{"class":89},[71,99909,701],{"class":117},[71,99911,109],{"class":89},[71,99913,701],{"class":117},[71,99915,1757],{"class":89},[71,99917,99918,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99919,99920],{"class":77},"unique_items ",[71,99922,82],{"class":81},[71,99924,15746],{"class":85},[71,99926,90],{"class":89},[71,99928,1770],{"class":133},[71,99930,121],{"class":89},[71,99932,99933],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,99934,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,99936,99937,99939,99941,99944],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,99938,128],{"class":127},[71,99940,90],{"class":89},[71,99942,99943],{"class":133},"unique_items",[71,99945,121],{"class":89},[350,99947,99293],{"id":99948},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[62,99950,99952],{"className":64,"code":99951,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99953,99954,99972],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99955,99956,99958,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968,99970],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99957,36216],{"class":77},[71,99959,82],{"class":81},[71,99961,15746],{"class":85},[71,99963,90],{"class":89},[71,99965,3184],{"class":99},[71,99967,4423],{"class":103},[71,99969,3184],{"class":99},[71,99971,121],{"class":89},[71,99973,99974,99976,99978,99980],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,99975,128],{"class":127},[71,99977,90],{"class":89},[71,99979,36269],{"class":133},[71,99981,121],{"class":89},[350,99983,99985],{"id":99984},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[62,99987,99989],{"className":64,"code":99988,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99990,99991,100001],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,99992,99993,99995,99997,99999],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,99994,98431],{"class":77},[71,99996,82],{"class":81},[71,99998,15746],{"class":85},[71,100000,369],{"class":89},[71,100002,100003,100005,100007,100009],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100004,128],{"class":127},[71,100006,90],{"class":89},[71,100008,98450],{"class":133},[71,100010,121],{"class":89},[288,100012,2054],{"id":2053},[20,100014,100015],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[350,100017,8758,100019,100021],{"id":100018},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100020,805],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100023,100024],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[62,100026,100028],{"className":64,"code":100027,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100029,100030,100038],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100031,100032,100034,100036],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100033,2778],{"class":77},[71,100035,82],{"class":81},[71,100037,799],{"class":89},[71,100039,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100041,128],{"class":127},[71,100043,90],{"class":89},[71,100045,735],{"class":85},[71,100047,90],{"class":89},[71,100049,2804],{"class":133},[71,100051,204],{"class":89},[20,100053,100054],{},"This prints:",[62,100056,100057],{"className":64,"code":9150,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,100058,100059],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100060,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100062,765],{"class":81},[71,100064,769],{"class":768},[71,100066,231],{"class":99},[71,100068,196],{"class":103},[71,100070,100],{"class":99},[71,100072,778],{"class":81},[20,100074,283,100075,6970],{},[15,100076,4128],{},[350,100078,100080],{"id":100079},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100082,100083],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[62,100085,100087],{"className":64,"code":100086,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100088,100089,100117],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100090,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100092,3950],{"class":77},[71,100094,82],{"class":81},[71,100096,1456],{"class":89},[71,100098,3320],{"class":117},[71,100100,109],{"class":89},[71,100102,165],{"class":117},[71,100104,109],{"class":89},[71,100106,183],{"class":117},[71,100108,109],{"class":89},[71,100110,183],{"class":117},[71,100112,109],{"class":89},[71,100114,701],{"class":117},[71,100116,252],{"class":89},[71,100118,100119,100121,100123,100125],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100120,128],{"class":127},[71,100122,90],{"class":89},[71,100124,3980],{"class":133},[71,100126,121],{"class":89},[20,100128,100129],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[350,100131,100133],{"id":100132},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100135,100136],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100138,100139],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[62,100141,100143],{"className":64,"code":100142,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100144,100145,100165],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100146,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100148,3950],{"class":77},[71,100150,82],{"class":81},[71,100152,1456],{"class":89},[71,100154,2661],{"class":117},[71,100156,109],{"class":89},[71,100158,8129],{"class":117},[71,100160,109],{"class":89},[71,100162,8134],{"class":117},[71,100164,252],{"class":89},[71,100166,100167],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100168,100169],{"class":1439},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100171,100172],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[350,100174,100176],{"id":100175},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100178,100179],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[62,100181,100183],{"className":64,"code":100182,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100184,100185,100190],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100186,100187],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100188,100189],{"class":1439},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[71,100191,100192],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100193,100194],{"class":1439},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100196,100197,100198,60],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100199,3337],{},[350,100201,100203],{"id":100202},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100205,100206],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[62,100208,100210],{"className":64,"code":100209,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100211,100212,100232,100264,100268,100282],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100213,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100215,15741],{"class":77},[71,100217,82],{"class":81},[71,100219,1456],{"class":89},[71,100221,3320],{"class":117},[71,100223,109],{"class":89},[71,100225,183],{"class":117},[71,100227,109],{"class":89},[71,100229,701],{"class":117},[71,100231,252],{"class":89},[71,100233,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260,100262],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100235,11832],{"class":77},[71,100237,82],{"class":81},[71,100239,1456],{"class":89},[71,100241,3184],{"class":99},[71,100243,56],{"class":103},[71,100245,3184],{"class":99},[71,100247,228],{"class":89},[71,100249,165],{"class":117},[71,100251,109],{"class":89},[71,100253,3683],{"class":99},[71,100255,176],{"class":103},[71,100257,3184],{"class":99},[71,100259,228],{"class":89},[71,100261,183],{"class":117},[71,100263,252],{"class":89},[71,100265,100266],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,100267,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,100269,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,100271,128],{"class":127},[71,100273,90],{"class":89},[71,100275,735],{"class":85},[71,100277,90],{"class":89},[71,100279,15779],{"class":133},[71,100281,204],{"class":89},[71,100283,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,100285,128],{"class":127},[71,100287,90],{"class":89},[71,100289,735],{"class":85},[71,100291,90],{"class":89},[71,100293,11556],{"class":133},[71,100295,204],{"class":89},[288,100297,92924],{"id":92923},[20,100299,100300],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[62,100302,100304],{"className":64,"code":100303,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100305,100306,100332,100336,100350,100360,100374,100381],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100307,100308,100310,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100309,15741],{"class":77},[71,100311,82],{"class":81},[71,100313,15746],{"class":85},[71,100315,3317],{"class":89},[71,100317,3320],{"class":117},[71,100319,109],{"class":89},[71,100321,183],{"class":117},[71,100323,109],{"class":89},[71,100325,183],{"class":117},[71,100327,109],{"class":89},[71,100329,701],{"class":117},[71,100331,4222],{"class":89},[71,100333,100334],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100335,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,100337,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,100339,128],{"class":127},[71,100341,90],{"class":89},[71,100343,735],{"class":85},[71,100345,90],{"class":89},[71,100347,15779],{"class":133},[71,100349,204],{"class":89},[71,100351,100352,100354,100356,100358],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,100353,128],{"class":127},[71,100355,90],{"class":89},[71,100357,15779],{"class":133},[71,100359,121],{"class":89},[71,100361,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,100363,128],{"class":127},[71,100365,90],{"class":89},[71,100367,2139],{"class":127},[71,100369,90],{"class":89},[71,100371,15779],{"class":133},[71,100373,204],{"class":89},[71,100375,100376,100378],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,100377,128],{"class":127},[71,100379,100380],{"class":89},"({})\n",[71,100382,100383,100385,100387,100389],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,100384,128],{"class":127},[71,100386,90],{"class":89},[71,100388,6624],{"class":85},[71,100390,7534],{"class":89},[20,100392,100393],{},"Use these to confirm:",[40,100395,100396,100399,100402,100405],{},[43,100397,100398],{},"The object type",[43,100400,100401],{},"The actual values stored",[43,100403,100404],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[43,100406,100407,100408,1560,100410],{},"The difference between ",[15,100409,805],{},[15,100411,4128],{},[288,100413,2163],{"id":2162},[350,100415,100417],{"id":100416},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100419,100420,100421,100424,100425,100427],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100422,100423],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100426,4128],{}," with another iterable.",[350,100429,100431],{"id":100430},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100433,283,100434,100436,100437,100439],{},[15,100435,4128],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100438,805],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[350,100441,100443],{"id":100442},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100445,100446],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[350,100448,100450],{"id":100449},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100452,100453],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[350,100455,100457],{"id":100456},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100459,100460],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[288,100462,2221],{"id":2220},[40,100464,100465,100469,100475,100481,100486],{},[43,100466,100467],{},[56,100468,96469],{"href":97640},[43,100470,100471],{},[56,100472,13,100473,1709],{"href":98641},[15,100474,96349],{},[43,100476,100477],{},[56,100478,13,100479,1709],{"href":98660},[15,100480,97455],{},[43,100482,100483],{},[56,100484,100485],{"href":99218},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[43,100487,100488],{},[56,100489,100490],{"href":98932},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100492,100493],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2250,100495,100496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":100498},[100499,100500,100501,100502,100505,100511,100515,100516,100517,100523,100531,100532,100539],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":15274,"depth":124,"text":15275},{"id":98904,"depth":124,"text":98905},{"id":98936,"depth":124,"text":98937,"children":100503},[100504],{"id":99005,"depth":139,"text":99006},{"id":99109,"depth":124,"text":100506,"children":100507},"Create a set with set()",[100508,100509,100510],{"id":99134,"depth":139,"text":99135},{"id":99222,"depth":139,"text":99223},{"id":99292,"depth":139,"text":99293},{"id":99377,"depth":124,"text":99378,"children":100512},[100513],{"id":99454,"depth":139,"text":100514},"Do not use {}",{"id":72406,"depth":124,"text":72407},{"id":99662,"depth":124,"text":99663},{"id":99834,"depth":124,"text":99835,"children":100518},[100519,100520,100521,100522],{"id":99838,"depth":139,"text":99839},{"id":99881,"depth":139,"text":99882},{"id":99948,"depth":139,"text":99293},{"id":99984,"depth":139,"text":99985},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":100524},[100525,100527,100528,100529,100530],{"id":100018,"depth":139,"text":100526},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100079,"depth":139,"text":100080},{"id":100132,"depth":139,"text":100133},{"id":100175,"depth":139,"text":100176},{"id":100202,"depth":139,"text":100203},{"id":92923,"depth":124,"text":92924},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":100533},[100534,100535,100536,100537,100538],{"id":100416,"depth":139,"text":100417},{"id":100430,"depth":139,"text":100431},{"id":100442,"depth":139,"text":100443},{"id":100449,"depth":139,"text":100450},{"id":100456,"depth":139,"text":100457},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98707,"description":100540},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100546,"title":100547,"body":100548,"description":102979,"extension":2292,"meta":102980,"navigation":142,"path":102981,"seo":102982,"stem":102983,"__hash__":102984},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100549,"toc":102944},[100550,100556,100562,100565,100567,100644,100646,100663,100673,100675,100680,100688,100690,100706,100710,100712,100714,100717,100738,100741,100765,100771,100773,100870,100872,100889,100899,100901,100903,100911,100913,100924,100926,101017,101019,101043,101054,101056,101058,101061,101191,101193,101266,101268,101289,101292,101294,101300,101305,101308,101435,101437,101454,101457,101459,101467,101470,101474,101482,101573,101575,101612,101617,101624,101701,101703,101719,101724,101729,101731,101740,101748,101829,101831,101860,101863,101867,101878,101881,101964,101966,101987,101993,101995,101997,102001,102005,102012,102077,102079,102099,102102,102171,102173,102189,102193,102199,102211,102219,102221,102306,102308,102337,102340,102344,102349,102351,102401,102404,102485,102487,102503,102507,102510,102585,102588,102592,102595,102672,102674,102707,102713,102717,102720,102855,102857,102871,102873,102875,102881,102884,102891,102899,102905,102908,102912,102915,102917,102919,102941],[10,100551,96341,100553,11428],{"id":100552},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100554,100555],{},"difference()",[20,100557,100558,100561],{},[15,100559,100560],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100563,100564],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[288,100566,3940],{"id":3939},[62,100568,100570],{"className":64,"code":100569,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100571,100572,100596,100616,100634],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100573,100574,100576,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100575,2886],{"class":77},[71,100577,82],{"class":81},[71,100579,1456],{"class":89},[71,100581,3320],{"class":117},[71,100583,109],{"class":89},[71,100585,183],{"class":117},[71,100587,109],{"class":89},[71,100589,701],{"class":117},[71,100591,109],{"class":89},[71,100593,2788],{"class":117},[71,100595,252],{"class":89},[71,100597,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100599,2913],{"class":77},[71,100601,82],{"class":81},[71,100603,1456],{"class":89},[71,100605,640],{"class":117},[71,100607,109],{"class":89},[71,100609,2788],{"class":117},[71,100611,109],{"class":89},[71,100613,4941],{"class":117},[71,100615,252],{"class":89},[71,100617,100618,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,100619,1102],{"class":77},[71,100621,82],{"class":81},[71,100623,57023],{"class":77},[71,100625,60],{"class":89},[71,100627,3143],{"class":133},[71,100629,90],{"class":89},[71,100631,176],{"class":133},[71,100633,121],{"class":89},[71,100635,100636,100638,100640,100642],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,100637,128],{"class":127},[71,100639,90],{"class":89},[71,100641,2594],{"class":133},[71,100643,121],{"class":89},[20,100645,209],{},[62,100647,100649],{"className":64,"code":100648,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100650,100651],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100652,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100654,219],{"class":89},[71,100656,3320],{"class":117},[71,100658,109],{"class":89},[71,100660,183],{"class":117},[71,100662,252],{"class":89},[20,100664,100665,100667,100668,100670,100671,60],{},[15,100666,100555],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100669,56],{}," that are not in ",[15,100672,176],{},[45048,100674],{},[288,100676,291,100678,294],{"id":100677},"what-difference-does",[15,100679,100555],{},[20,100681,2309,100682,100684,100685,100687],{},[15,100683,100555],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[30,100686,4967],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100689,13162],{},[40,100691,100692,100697,100700,100703],{},[43,100693,100694,100696],{},[15,100695,100555],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[43,100698,100699],{},"It creates a new set",[43,100701,100702],{},"It does not change the original set",[43,100704,100705],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100707,96465,100708,60],{},[56,100709,96469],{"href":97640},[45048,100711],{},[288,100713,343],{"id":342},[20,100715,100716],{},"Use this form:",[62,100718,100720],{"className":64,"code":100719,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100721,100722],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100723,100724,100727,100729,100731,100733,100736],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100725,100726],{"class":77},"set1",[71,100728,60],{"class":89},[71,100730,3143],{"class":133},[71,100732,90],{"class":89},[71,100734,100735],{"class":133},"set2",[71,100737,121],{"class":89},[20,100739,100740],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[62,100742,100744],{"className":64,"code":100743,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100745,100746],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100747,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100763],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100749,100726],{"class":77},[71,100751,60],{"class":89},[71,100753,3143],{"class":133},[71,100755,90],{"class":89},[71,100757,100735],{"class":133},[71,100759,109],{"class":89},[71,100761,100762],{"class":133}," set3",[71,100764,121],{"class":89},[20,100766,100767,100768,100770],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[30,100769,5689],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100772,2537],{},[62,100774,100776],{"className":64,"code":100775,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100777,100778,100806,100822,100834,100838,100860],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100779,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802,100804],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100781,2886],{"class":77},[71,100783,82],{"class":81},[71,100785,1456],{"class":89},[71,100787,3320],{"class":117},[71,100789,109],{"class":89},[71,100791,183],{"class":117},[71,100793,109],{"class":89},[71,100795,701],{"class":117},[71,100797,109],{"class":89},[71,100799,2788],{"class":117},[71,100801,109],{"class":89},[71,100803,4941],{"class":117},[71,100805,252],{"class":89},[71,100807,100808,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100809,2913],{"class":77},[71,100811,82],{"class":81},[71,100813,1456],{"class":89},[71,100815,630],{"class":117},[71,100817,109],{"class":89},[71,100819,701],{"class":117},[71,100821,252],{"class":89},[71,100823,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,100825,83324],{"class":77},[71,100827,82],{"class":81},[71,100829,1456],{"class":89},[71,100831,2466],{"class":117},[71,100833,252],{"class":89},[71,100835,100836],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,100837,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,100839,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,100841,1102],{"class":77},[71,100843,82],{"class":81},[71,100845,57023],{"class":77},[71,100847,60],{"class":89},[71,100849,3143],{"class":133},[71,100851,90],{"class":89},[71,100853,176],{"class":133},[71,100855,109],{"class":89},[71,100857,635],{"class":133},[71,100859,121],{"class":89},[71,100861,100862,100864,100866,100868],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,100863,128],{"class":127},[71,100865,90],{"class":89},[71,100867,2594],{"class":133},[71,100869,121],{"class":89},[20,100871,209],{},[62,100873,100875],{"className":64,"code":100874,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100876,100877],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100878,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100880,219],{"class":89},[71,100882,3320],{"class":117},[71,100884,109],{"class":89},[71,100886,2788],{"class":117},[71,100888,252],{"class":89},[20,100890,100891,100892,100894,100895,3209,100897,60],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100893,56],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100896,176],{},[15,100898,694],{},[45048,100900],{},[288,100902,17533],{"id":17532},[20,100904,100905,100907,100908,60],{},[15,100906,100555],{}," always returns a ",[30,100909,100910],{},"new set",[20,100912,43781],{},[40,100914,100915,100918,100921],{},[43,100916,100917],{},"The return value is a new set",[43,100919,100920],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[43,100922,100923],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100925,2537],{},[62,100927,100929],{"className":64,"code":100928,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100930,100931,100947,100967,100971,100989,100993,101003],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,100932,100933,100935,100937,100939,100941,100943,100945],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,100934,2886],{"class":77},[71,100936,82],{"class":81},[71,100938,1456],{"class":89},[71,100940,3320],{"class":117},[71,100942,109],{"class":89},[71,100944,183],{"class":117},[71,100946,252],{"class":89},[71,100948,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,100950,2913],{"class":77},[71,100952,82],{"class":81},[71,100954,1456],{"class":89},[71,100956,3320],{"class":117},[71,100958,109],{"class":89},[71,100960,183],{"class":117},[71,100962,109],{"class":89},[71,100964,701],{"class":117},[71,100966,252],{"class":89},[71,100968,100969],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,100970,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,100972,100973,100975,100977,100979,100981,100983,100985,100987],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,100974,1102],{"class":77},[71,100976,82],{"class":81},[71,100978,57023],{"class":77},[71,100980,60],{"class":89},[71,100982,3143],{"class":133},[71,100984,90],{"class":89},[71,100986,176],{"class":133},[71,100988,121],{"class":89},[71,100990,100991],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,100992,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,100994,100995,100997,100999,101001],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,100996,128],{"class":127},[71,100998,90],{"class":89},[71,101000,2594],{"class":133},[71,101002,121],{"class":89},[71,101004,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,101006,128],{"class":127},[71,101008,90],{"class":89},[71,101010,735],{"class":85},[71,101012,90],{"class":89},[71,101014,2594],{"class":133},[71,101016,204],{"class":89},[20,101018,209],{},[62,101020,101021],{"className":64,"code":99429,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,101022,101023,101029],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101024,101025,101027],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101026,6624],{"class":85},[71,101028,369],{"class":89},[71,101030,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101032,765],{"class":81},[71,101034,769],{"class":768},[71,101036,231],{"class":99},[71,101038,6624],{"class":103},[71,101040,100],{"class":99},[71,101042,778],{"class":81},[20,101044,101045,101046,19079,101048,101050,101051,101053],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101047,4128],{},[15,101049,805],{},". In Python, ",[15,101052,805],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45048,101055],{},[288,101057,11582],{"id":11581},[20,101059,101060],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[62,101062,101064],{"className":64,"code":101063,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101065,101066,101099,101132,101136,101156,101160,101170,101181],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101067,101068,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093,101095,101097],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101069,101070],{"class":77},"fruits_a ",[71,101072,82],{"class":81},[71,101074,1456],{"class":89},[71,101076,3184],{"class":99},[71,101078,4414],{"class":103},[71,101080,3184],{"class":99},[71,101082,109],{"class":89},[71,101084,3683],{"class":99},[71,101086,4423],{"class":103},[71,101088,3184],{"class":99},[71,101090,109],{"class":89},[71,101092,3683],{"class":99},[71,101094,33343],{"class":103},[71,101096,3184],{"class":99},[71,101098,252],{"class":89},[71,101100,101101,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101102,101103],{"class":77},"fruits_b ",[71,101105,82],{"class":81},[71,101107,1456],{"class":89},[71,101109,3184],{"class":99},[71,101111,4423],{"class":103},[71,101113,3184],{"class":99},[71,101115,109],{"class":89},[71,101117,3683],{"class":99},[71,101119,33343],{"class":103},[71,101121,3184],{"class":99},[71,101123,109],{"class":89},[71,101125,3683],{"class":99},[71,101127,22650],{"class":103},[71,101129,3184],{"class":99},[71,101131,252],{"class":89},[71,101133,101134],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,101135,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101137,101138,101140,101142,101145,101147,101149,101151,101154],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,101139,1102],{"class":77},[71,101141,82],{"class":81},[71,101143,101144],{"class":77}," fruits_a",[71,101146,60],{"class":89},[71,101148,3143],{"class":133},[71,101150,90],{"class":89},[71,101152,101153],{"class":133},"fruits_b",[71,101155,121],{"class":89},[71,101157,101158],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,101159,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101161,101162,101164,101166,101168],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,101163,128],{"class":127},[71,101165,90],{"class":89},[71,101167,2594],{"class":133},[71,101169,121],{"class":89},[71,101171,101172,101174,101176,101179],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,101173,128],{"class":127},[71,101175,90],{"class":89},[71,101177,101178],{"class":133},"fruits_a",[71,101180,121],{"class":89},[71,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,101184,128],{"class":127},[71,101186,90],{"class":89},[71,101188,101153],{"class":133},[71,101190,121],{"class":89},[20,101192,30150],{},[62,101194,101196],{"className":64,"code":101195,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101197,101198,101210,101238],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101199,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101201,219],{"class":89},[71,101203,100],{"class":99},[71,101205,4414],{"class":103},[71,101207,100],{"class":99},[71,101209,252],{"class":89},[71,101211,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101213,219],{"class":89},[71,101215,100],{"class":99},[71,101217,4423],{"class":103},[71,101219,100],{"class":99},[71,101221,109],{"class":89},[71,101223,231],{"class":99},[71,101225,33343],{"class":103},[71,101227,100],{"class":99},[71,101229,109],{"class":89},[71,101231,231],{"class":99},[71,101233,4414],{"class":103},[71,101235,100],{"class":99},[71,101237,252],{"class":89},[71,101239,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,101241,219],{"class":89},[71,101243,100],{"class":99},[71,101245,4423],{"class":103},[71,101247,100],{"class":99},[71,101249,109],{"class":89},[71,101251,231],{"class":99},[71,101253,33343],{"class":103},[71,101255,100],{"class":99},[71,101257,109],{"class":89},[71,101259,231],{"class":99},[71,101261,22650],{"class":103},[71,101263,100],{"class":99},[71,101265,252],{"class":89},[20,101267,11791],{},[40,101269,101270,101275,101280,101286],{},[43,101271,101272,101273],{},"Start with ",[15,101274,101178],{},[43,101276,101277,101278],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101279,101153],{},[43,101281,101282,101283,101285],{},"Only ",[15,101284,57969],{}," remains",[43,101287,101288],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101290,101291],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45048,101293],{},[288,101295,8758,101297,101299],{"id":101296},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101298,100555],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101301,101302,101303,60],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101304,100555],{},[20,101306,101307],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[62,101309,101311],{"className":64,"code":101310,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101312,101313,101345,101362,101375,101392,101396,101425],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101314,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101316,3950],{"class":77},[71,101318,82],{"class":81},[71,101320,1456],{"class":89},[71,101322,3320],{"class":117},[71,101324,109],{"class":89},[71,101326,183],{"class":117},[71,101328,109],{"class":89},[71,101330,701],{"class":117},[71,101332,109],{"class":89},[71,101334,2788],{"class":117},[71,101336,109],{"class":89},[71,101338,4941],{"class":117},[71,101340,109],{"class":89},[71,101342,37771],{"class":117},[71,101344,252],{"class":89},[71,101346,101347,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101348,101349],{"class":77},"group_a ",[71,101351,82],{"class":81},[71,101353,1456],{"class":89},[71,101355,630],{"class":117},[71,101357,109],{"class":89},[71,101359,2788],{"class":117},[71,101361,252],{"class":89},[71,101363,101364,101367,101369,101371,101373],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,101365,101366],{"class":77},"group_b ",[71,101368,82],{"class":81},[71,101370,1456],{"class":89},[71,101372,2466],{"class":117},[71,101374,252],{"class":89},[71,101376,101377,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,101378,101379],{"class":77},"group_c ",[71,101381,82],{"class":81},[71,101383,1456],{"class":89},[71,101385,80732],{"class":117},[71,101387,109],{"class":89},[71,101389,6330],{"class":117},[71,101391,252],{"class":89},[71,101393,101394],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,101395,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101397,101398,101400,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410,101413,101415,101418,101420,101423],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,101399,1102],{"class":77},[71,101401,82],{"class":81},[71,101403,4599],{"class":77},[71,101405,60],{"class":89},[71,101407,3143],{"class":133},[71,101409,90],{"class":89},[71,101411,101412],{"class":133},"group_a",[71,101414,109],{"class":89},[71,101416,101417],{"class":133}," group_b",[71,101419,109],{"class":89},[71,101421,101422],{"class":133}," group_c",[71,101424,121],{"class":89},[71,101426,101427,101429,101431,101433],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,101428,128],{"class":127},[71,101430,90],{"class":89},[71,101432,2594],{"class":133},[71,101434,121],{"class":89},[20,101436,209],{},[62,101438,101440],{"className":64,"code":101439,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101441,101442],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101443,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101445,219],{"class":89},[71,101447,3320],{"class":117},[71,101449,109],{"class":89},[71,101451,701],{"class":117},[71,101453,252],{"class":89},[20,101455,101456],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45048,101458],{},[288,101460,101462,1552,101464],{"id":101461},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101463,100555],{},[15,101465,101466],{},"difference_update()",[20,101468,101469],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[350,101471,101472],{"id":3143},[15,101473,100555],{},[40,101475,101476,101479],{},[43,101477,101478],{},"Returns a new set",[43,101480,101481],{},"Does not change the original set",[62,101483,101485],{"className":64,"code":101484,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101486,101487,101511,101527,101531,101549,101553,101563],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101488,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101490,2886],{"class":77},[71,101492,82],{"class":81},[71,101494,1456],{"class":89},[71,101496,3320],{"class":117},[71,101498,109],{"class":89},[71,101500,183],{"class":117},[71,101502,109],{"class":89},[71,101504,701],{"class":117},[71,101506,109],{"class":89},[71,101508,2788],{"class":117},[71,101510,252],{"class":89},[71,101512,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101514,2913],{"class":77},[71,101516,82],{"class":81},[71,101518,1456],{"class":89},[71,101520,640],{"class":117},[71,101522,109],{"class":89},[71,101524,2788],{"class":117},[71,101526,252],{"class":89},[71,101528,101529],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,101530,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101532,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,101534,1102],{"class":77},[71,101536,82],{"class":81},[71,101538,57023],{"class":77},[71,101540,60],{"class":89},[71,101542,3143],{"class":133},[71,101544,90],{"class":89},[71,101546,176],{"class":133},[71,101548,121],{"class":89},[71,101550,101551],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,101552,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101554,101555,101557,101559,101561],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,101556,128],{"class":127},[71,101558,90],{"class":89},[71,101560,2594],{"class":133},[71,101562,121],{"class":89},[71,101564,101565,101567,101569,101571],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,101566,128],{"class":127},[71,101568,90],{"class":89},[71,101570,56],{"class":133},[71,101572,121],{"class":89},[20,101574,209],{},[62,101576,101578],{"className":64,"code":101577,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101579,101580,101592],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101581,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101583,219],{"class":89},[71,101585,3320],{"class":117},[71,101587,109],{"class":89},[71,101589,183],{"class":117},[71,101591,252],{"class":89},[71,101593,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101595,219],{"class":89},[71,101597,3320],{"class":117},[71,101599,109],{"class":89},[71,101601,183],{"class":117},[71,101603,109],{"class":89},[71,101605,701],{"class":117},[71,101607,109],{"class":89},[71,101609,2788],{"class":117},[71,101611,252],{"class":89},[350,101613,101615],{"id":101614},"difference_update",[15,101616,101466],{},[40,101618,101619,101622],{},[43,101620,101621],{},"Changes the original set",[43,101623,96459],{},[62,101625,101627],{"className":64,"code":101626,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101628,101629,101653,101669,101673,101687,101691],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101630,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101632,2886],{"class":77},[71,101634,82],{"class":81},[71,101636,1456],{"class":89},[71,101638,3320],{"class":117},[71,101640,109],{"class":89},[71,101642,183],{"class":117},[71,101644,109],{"class":89},[71,101646,701],{"class":117},[71,101648,109],{"class":89},[71,101650,2788],{"class":117},[71,101652,252],{"class":89},[71,101654,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101656,2913],{"class":77},[71,101658,82],{"class":81},[71,101660,1456],{"class":89},[71,101662,640],{"class":117},[71,101664,109],{"class":89},[71,101666,2788],{"class":117},[71,101668,252],{"class":89},[71,101670,101671],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,101672,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101674,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,101676,56],{"class":77},[71,101678,60],{"class":89},[71,101680,101614],{"class":133},[71,101682,90],{"class":89},[71,101684,176],{"class":133},[71,101686,121],{"class":89},[71,101688,101689],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,101690,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101692,101693,101695,101697,101699],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,101694,128],{"class":127},[71,101696,90],{"class":89},[71,101698,56],{"class":133},[71,101700,121],{"class":89},[20,101702,209],{},[62,101704,101705],{"className":64,"code":100648,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,101706,101707],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101708,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101710,219],{"class":89},[71,101712,3320],{"class":117},[71,101714,109],{"class":89},[71,101716,183],{"class":117},[71,101718,252],{"class":89},[20,101720,283,101721,101723],{},[15,101722,100555],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101725,101726,101727,33723],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101728,101466],{},[45048,101730],{},[288,101732,101734,101736,101737,101739],{"id":101733},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101735,100555],{}," vs the ",[15,101738,2353],{}," operator",[20,101741,2309,101742,101744,101745,101747],{},[15,101743,2353],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101746,100555],{}," for two sets.",[62,101749,101751],{"className":64,"code":101750,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101752,101753,101777,101793,101797,101815],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101754,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101756,2886],{"class":77},[71,101758,82],{"class":81},[71,101760,1456],{"class":89},[71,101762,3320],{"class":117},[71,101764,109],{"class":89},[71,101766,183],{"class":117},[71,101768,109],{"class":89},[71,101770,701],{"class":117},[71,101772,109],{"class":89},[71,101774,2788],{"class":117},[71,101776,252],{"class":89},[71,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789,101791],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101780,2913],{"class":77},[71,101782,82],{"class":81},[71,101784,1456],{"class":89},[71,101786,640],{"class":117},[71,101788,109],{"class":89},[71,101790,2788],{"class":117},[71,101792,252],{"class":89},[71,101794,101795],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,101796,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101798,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811,101813],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,101800,128],{"class":127},[71,101802,90],{"class":89},[71,101804,56],{"class":133},[71,101806,60],{"class":89},[71,101808,3143],{"class":133},[71,101810,90],{"class":89},[71,101812,176],{"class":133},[71,101814,204],{"class":89},[71,101816,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,101818,128],{"class":127},[71,101820,90],{"class":89},[71,101822,2886],{"class":133},[71,101824,2353],{"class":81},[71,101826,625],{"class":133},[71,101828,121],{"class":89},[20,101830,209],{},[62,101832,101834],{"className":64,"code":101833,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101835,101836,101848],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101837,101838,101840,101842,101844,101846],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101839,219],{"class":89},[71,101841,3320],{"class":117},[71,101843,109],{"class":89},[71,101845,183],{"class":117},[71,101847,252],{"class":89},[71,101849,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101851,219],{"class":89},[71,101853,3320],{"class":117},[71,101855,109],{"class":89},[71,101857,183],{"class":117},[71,101859,252],{"class":89},[20,101861,101862],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101864,94729,101865,2172],{},[15,101866,100555],{},[40,101868,101869,101872,101875],{},[43,101870,101871],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[43,101873,101874],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[43,101876,101877],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101879,101880],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[62,101882,101884],{"className":64,"code":101883,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101885,101886,101914,101926,101938,101942],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101887,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101889,2886],{"class":77},[71,101891,82],{"class":81},[71,101893,1456],{"class":89},[71,101895,3320],{"class":117},[71,101897,109],{"class":89},[71,101899,183],{"class":117},[71,101901,109],{"class":89},[71,101903,701],{"class":117},[71,101905,109],{"class":89},[71,101907,2788],{"class":117},[71,101909,109],{"class":89},[71,101911,4941],{"class":117},[71,101913,252],{"class":89},[71,101915,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,101917,2913],{"class":77},[71,101919,82],{"class":81},[71,101921,1456],{"class":89},[71,101923,630],{"class":117},[71,101925,252],{"class":89},[71,101927,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,101929,83324],{"class":77},[71,101931,82],{"class":81},[71,101933,1456],{"class":89},[71,101935,2836],{"class":117},[71,101937,252],{"class":89},[71,101939,101940],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,101941,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,101943,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,101945,128],{"class":127},[71,101947,90],{"class":89},[71,101949,56],{"class":133},[71,101951,60],{"class":89},[71,101953,3143],{"class":133},[71,101955,90],{"class":89},[71,101957,176],{"class":133},[71,101959,109],{"class":89},[71,101961,635],{"class":133},[71,101963,204],{"class":89},[20,101965,209],{},[62,101967,101969],{"className":64,"code":101968,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101970,101971],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,101972,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,101974,219],{"class":89},[71,101976,3320],{"class":117},[71,101978,109],{"class":89},[71,101980,701],{"class":117},[71,101982,109],{"class":89},[71,101984,4941],{"class":117},[71,101986,252],{"class":89},[20,101988,101989,101990,101992],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101991,2353],{}," operator expression.",[45048,101994],{},[288,101996,4855],{"id":4854},[20,101998,21328,101999,60],{},[15,102000,100555],{},[350,102002,102004],{"id":102003},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102006,4964,102007,102009,102010,228],{},[30,102008,4967],{}," change ",[15,102011,56],{},[62,102013,102015],{"className":64,"code":102014,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102016,102017,102037,102049,102053,102067],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102018,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102020,2886],{"class":77},[71,102022,82],{"class":81},[71,102024,1456],{"class":89},[71,102026,3320],{"class":117},[71,102028,109],{"class":89},[71,102030,183],{"class":117},[71,102032,109],{"class":89},[71,102034,701],{"class":117},[71,102036,252],{"class":89},[71,102038,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102040,2913],{"class":77},[71,102042,82],{"class":81},[71,102044,1456],{"class":89},[71,102046,640],{"class":117},[71,102048,252],{"class":89},[71,102050,102051],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,102052,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,102054,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,102056,56],{"class":77},[71,102058,60],{"class":89},[71,102060,3143],{"class":133},[71,102062,90],{"class":89},[71,102064,176],{"class":133},[71,102066,121],{"class":89},[71,102068,102069,102071,102073,102075],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,102070,128],{"class":127},[71,102072,90],{"class":89},[71,102074,56],{"class":133},[71,102076,121],{"class":89},[20,102078,209],{},[62,102080,102081],{"className":64,"code":96748,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,102082,102083],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102084,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102086,219],{"class":89},[71,102088,3320],{"class":117},[71,102090,109],{"class":89},[71,102092,183],{"class":117},[71,102094,109],{"class":89},[71,102096,701],{"class":117},[71,102098,252],{"class":89},[20,102100,102101],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[62,102103,102105],{"className":64,"code":102104,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102106,102107,102127,102139,102143,102161],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102108,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102110,2886],{"class":77},[71,102112,82],{"class":81},[71,102114,1456],{"class":89},[71,102116,3320],{"class":117},[71,102118,109],{"class":89},[71,102120,183],{"class":117},[71,102122,109],{"class":89},[71,102124,701],{"class":117},[71,102126,252],{"class":89},[71,102128,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102130,2913],{"class":77},[71,102132,82],{"class":81},[71,102134,1456],{"class":89},[71,102136,640],{"class":117},[71,102138,252],{"class":89},[71,102140,102141],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,102142,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,102144,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,102146,2886],{"class":77},[71,102148,82],{"class":81},[71,102150,57023],{"class":77},[71,102152,60],{"class":89},[71,102154,3143],{"class":133},[71,102156,90],{"class":89},[71,102158,176],{"class":133},[71,102160,121],{"class":89},[71,102162,102163,102165,102167,102169],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,102164,128],{"class":127},[71,102166,90],{"class":89},[71,102168,56],{"class":133},[71,102170,121],{"class":89},[20,102172,209],{},[62,102174,102175],{"className":64,"code":100648,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,102176,102177],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102178,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102180,219],{"class":89},[71,102182,3320],{"class":117},[71,102184,109],{"class":89},[71,102186,183],{"class":117},[71,102188,252],{"class":89},[350,102190,102192],{"id":102191},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102194,102195,102198],{},[15,102196,102197],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[40,102200,102201,102206],{},[43,102202,102203,102204],{},"keep items from ",[15,102205,56],{},[43,102207,102208,102209],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102210,176],{},[20,102212,41035,102213,102215,102216,102218],{},[30,102214,4967],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102217,176],{},"”.",[20,102220,2537],{},[62,102222,102224],{"className":64,"code":102223,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102225,102226,102246,102266,102270,102288],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102227,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102229,2886],{"class":77},[71,102231,82],{"class":81},[71,102233,1456],{"class":89},[71,102235,3320],{"class":117},[71,102237,109],{"class":89},[71,102239,183],{"class":117},[71,102241,109],{"class":89},[71,102243,701],{"class":117},[71,102245,252],{"class":89},[71,102247,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102249,2913],{"class":77},[71,102251,82],{"class":81},[71,102253,1456],{"class":89},[71,102255,640],{"class":117},[71,102257,109],{"class":89},[71,102259,2788],{"class":117},[71,102261,109],{"class":89},[71,102263,4941],{"class":117},[71,102265,252],{"class":89},[71,102267,102268],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,102269,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,102271,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,102273,128],{"class":127},[71,102275,90],{"class":89},[71,102277,56],{"class":133},[71,102279,60],{"class":89},[71,102281,3143],{"class":133},[71,102283,90],{"class":89},[71,102285,176],{"class":133},[71,102287,204],{"class":89},[71,102289,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,102291,128],{"class":127},[71,102293,90],{"class":89},[71,102295,176],{"class":133},[71,102297,60],{"class":89},[71,102299,3143],{"class":133},[71,102301,90],{"class":89},[71,102303,56],{"class":133},[71,102305,204],{"class":89},[20,102307,209],{},[62,102309,102311],{"className":64,"code":102310,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102312,102313,102325],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102314,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102316,219],{"class":89},[71,102318,3320],{"class":117},[71,102320,109],{"class":89},[71,102322,183],{"class":117},[71,102324,252],{"class":89},[71,102326,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102328,219],{"class":89},[71,102330,2836],{"class":117},[71,102332,109],{"class":89},[71,102334,4941],{"class":117},[71,102336,252],{"class":89},[20,102338,102339],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[350,102341,102343],{"id":102342},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102345,102346,102348],{},[15,102347,100555],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102350,55454],{},[62,102352,102354],{"className":64,"code":102353,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102355,102356,102376,102392,102396],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102357,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102359,2886],{"class":77},[71,102361,82],{"class":81},[71,102363,1740],{"class":89},[71,102365,3320],{"class":117},[71,102367,109],{"class":89},[71,102369,183],{"class":117},[71,102371,109],{"class":89},[71,102373,701],{"class":117},[71,102375,1757],{"class":89},[71,102377,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102379,2913],{"class":77},[71,102381,82],{"class":81},[71,102383,1740],{"class":89},[71,102385,640],{"class":117},[71,102387,109],{"class":89},[71,102389,2788],{"class":117},[71,102391,1757],{"class":89},[71,102393,102394],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,102395,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,102397,102398],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,102399,102400],{"class":1439},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102402,102403],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[62,102405,102407],{"className":64,"code":102406,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102408,102409,102429,102445,102449,102475],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102410,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102412,2886],{"class":77},[71,102414,82],{"class":81},[71,102416,1740],{"class":89},[71,102418,3320],{"class":117},[71,102420,109],{"class":89},[71,102422,183],{"class":117},[71,102424,109],{"class":89},[71,102426,701],{"class":117},[71,102428,1757],{"class":89},[71,102430,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102432,2913],{"class":77},[71,102434,82],{"class":81},[71,102436,1740],{"class":89},[71,102438,640],{"class":117},[71,102440,109],{"class":89},[71,102442,2788],{"class":117},[71,102444,1757],{"class":89},[71,102446,102447],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,102448,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,102450,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,102452,1102],{"class":77},[71,102454,82],{"class":81},[71,102456,15746],{"class":85},[71,102458,90],{"class":89},[71,102460,56],{"class":133},[71,102462,8973],{"class":89},[71,102464,3143],{"class":133},[71,102466,90],{"class":89},[71,102468,6624],{"class":85},[71,102470,90],{"class":89},[71,102472,176],{"class":133},[71,102474,204],{"class":89},[71,102476,102477,102479,102481,102483],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,102478,128],{"class":127},[71,102480,90],{"class":89},[71,102482,2594],{"class":133},[71,102484,121],{"class":89},[20,102486,209],{},[62,102488,102489],{"className":64,"code":100648,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,102490,102491],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102492,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102494,219],{"class":89},[71,102496,3320],{"class":117},[71,102498,109],{"class":89},[71,102500,183],{"class":117},[71,102502,252],{"class":89},[350,102504,102506],{"id":102505},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102508,102509],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[62,102511,102513],{"className":64,"code":102512,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102514,102515,102547,102563,102567],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102516,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102518,2886],{"class":77},[71,102520,82],{"class":81},[71,102522,1456],{"class":89},[71,102524,3184],{"class":99},[71,102526,37174],{"class":103},[71,102528,3184],{"class":99},[71,102530,109],{"class":89},[71,102532,3683],{"class":99},[71,102534,58263],{"class":103},[71,102536,3184],{"class":99},[71,102538,109],{"class":89},[71,102540,3683],{"class":99},[71,102542,58280],{"class":103},[71,102544,3184],{"class":99},[71,102546,252],{"class":89},[71,102548,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102550,2913],{"class":77},[71,102552,82],{"class":81},[71,102554,1456],{"class":89},[71,102556,3184],{"class":99},[71,102558,58263],{"class":103},[71,102560,3184],{"class":99},[71,102562,252],{"class":89},[71,102564,102565],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,102566,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,102568,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,102570,128],{"class":127},[71,102572,90],{"class":89},[71,102574,56],{"class":133},[71,102576,60],{"class":89},[71,102578,3143],{"class":133},[71,102580,90],{"class":89},[71,102582,176],{"class":133},[71,102584,204],{"class":89},[20,102586,102587],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[350,102589,102591],{"id":102590},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102593,102594],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[62,102596,102598],{"className":64,"code":102597,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102599,102600,102628,102640,102644,102654],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102601,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102603,2886],{"class":77},[71,102605,82],{"class":81},[71,102607,1456],{"class":89},[71,102609,3320],{"class":117},[71,102611,109],{"class":89},[71,102613,165],{"class":117},[71,102615,109],{"class":89},[71,102617,183],{"class":117},[71,102619,109],{"class":89},[71,102621,183],{"class":117},[71,102623,109],{"class":89},[71,102625,701],{"class":117},[71,102627,252],{"class":89},[71,102629,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102631,2913],{"class":77},[71,102633,82],{"class":81},[71,102635,1456],{"class":89},[71,102637,640],{"class":117},[71,102639,252],{"class":89},[71,102641,102642],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,102643,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,102645,102646,102648,102650,102652],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,102647,128],{"class":127},[71,102649,90],{"class":89},[71,102651,56],{"class":133},[71,102653,121],{"class":89},[71,102655,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,102657,128],{"class":127},[71,102659,90],{"class":89},[71,102661,56],{"class":133},[71,102663,60],{"class":89},[71,102665,3143],{"class":133},[71,102667,90],{"class":89},[71,102669,176],{"class":133},[71,102671,204],{"class":89},[20,102673,209],{},[62,102675,102677],{"className":64,"code":102676,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102678,102679,102695],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102680,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102682,219],{"class":89},[71,102684,3320],{"class":117},[71,102686,109],{"class":89},[71,102688,183],{"class":117},[71,102690,109],{"class":89},[71,102692,701],{"class":117},[71,102694,252],{"class":89},[71,102696,102697,102699,102701,102703,102705],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102698,219],{"class":89},[71,102700,3320],{"class":117},[71,102702,109],{"class":89},[71,102704,183],{"class":117},[71,102706,252],{"class":89},[20,102708,102709,102710,102712],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102711,100555],{}," runs.",[350,102714,102716],{"id":102715},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102718,102719],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[62,102721,102723],{"className":64,"code":102722,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102724,102725,102749,102769,102773,102783,102793,102811,102833],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102726,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739,102741,102743,102745,102747],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,102728,2886],{"class":77},[71,102730,82],{"class":81},[71,102732,1456],{"class":89},[71,102734,3320],{"class":117},[71,102736,109],{"class":89},[71,102738,183],{"class":117},[71,102740,109],{"class":89},[71,102742,701],{"class":117},[71,102744,109],{"class":89},[71,102746,2788],{"class":117},[71,102748,252],{"class":89},[71,102750,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,102752,2913],{"class":77},[71,102754,82],{"class":81},[71,102756,1456],{"class":89},[71,102758,640],{"class":117},[71,102760,109],{"class":89},[71,102762,2788],{"class":117},[71,102764,109],{"class":89},[71,102766,4941],{"class":117},[71,102768,252],{"class":89},[71,102770,102771],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,102772,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,102776,128],{"class":127},[71,102778,90],{"class":89},[71,102780,56],{"class":133},[71,102782,121],{"class":89},[71,102784,102785,102787,102789,102791],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,102786,128],{"class":127},[71,102788,90],{"class":89},[71,102790,176],{"class":133},[71,102792,121],{"class":89},[71,102794,102795,102797,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,102796,128],{"class":127},[71,102798,90],{"class":89},[71,102800,56],{"class":133},[71,102802,60],{"class":89},[71,102804,3143],{"class":133},[71,102806,90],{"class":89},[71,102808,176],{"class":133},[71,102810,204],{"class":89},[71,102812,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,102814,128],{"class":127},[71,102816,90],{"class":89},[71,102818,735],{"class":85},[71,102820,90],{"class":89},[71,102822,56],{"class":133},[71,102824,60],{"class":89},[71,102826,3143],{"class":133},[71,102828,90],{"class":89},[71,102830,176],{"class":133},[71,102832,3243],{"class":89},[71,102834,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,102836,128],{"class":127},[71,102838,90],{"class":89},[71,102840,2139],{"class":127},[71,102842,90],{"class":89},[71,102844,56],{"class":133},[71,102846,60],{"class":89},[71,102848,3143],{"class":133},[71,102850,90],{"class":89},[71,102852,176],{"class":133},[71,102854,3243],{"class":89},[20,102856,2148],{},[40,102858,102859,102862,102865,102868],{},[43,102860,102861],{},"what is in each set",[43,102863,102864],{},"what result Python creates",[43,102866,102867],{},"that the result is a set",[43,102869,102870],{},"how many items remain",[45048,102872],{},[288,102874,2163],{"id":2162},[350,102876,12813,102878,102880],{"id":102877},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102879,100555],{}," change the original set?",[20,102882,102883],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[350,102885,2167,102887,1560,102889,2172],{"id":102886},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102888,100555],{},[15,102890,101466],{},[20,102892,102893,102895,102896,102898],{},[15,102894,100555],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102897,101466],{}," modifies the original set.",[350,102900,28448,102902,102904],{"id":102901},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102903,100555],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102906,102907],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[350,102909,102911],{"id":102910},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102913,102914],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45048,102916],{},[288,102918,2221],{"id":2220},[40,102920,102921,102925,102933],{},[43,102922,102923],{},[56,102924,96469],{"href":97640},[43,102926,102927],{},[56,102928,96955,102930,1709],{"href":102929},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102931,102932],{},"intersection()",[43,102934,102935],{},[56,102936,96955,102938,1709],{"href":102937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102939,102940],{},"union()",[2250,102942,102943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":102945},[102946,102947,102949,102950,102951,102952,102954,102959,102961,102969,102978],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":100677,"depth":124,"text":102948},"What difference() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":101296,"depth":124,"text":102953},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101461,"depth":124,"text":102955,"children":102956},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102957,102958],{"id":3143,"depth":139,"text":100555},{"id":101614,"depth":139,"text":101466},{"id":101733,"depth":124,"text":102960},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":102962},[102963,102964,102965,102966,102967,102968],{"id":102003,"depth":139,"text":102004},{"id":102191,"depth":139,"text":102192},{"id":102342,"depth":139,"text":102343},{"id":102505,"depth":139,"text":102506},{"id":102590,"depth":139,"text":102591},{"id":102715,"depth":139,"text":102716},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":102970},[102971,102973,102975,102977],{"id":102877,"depth":139,"text":102972},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102886,"depth":139,"text":102974},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102901,"depth":139,"text":102976},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102910,"depth":139,"text":102911},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100547,"description":102979},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102986,"title":102987,"body":102988,"description":104683,"extension":2292,"meta":104684,"navigation":142,"path":104685,"seo":104686,"stem":104687,"__hash__":104688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102989,"toc":104645},[102990,102996,103002,103015,103017,103118,103120,103165,103170,103175,103179,103193,103196,103204,103206,103225,103243,103247,103300,103302,103323,103330,103335,103362,103369,103468,103470,103507,103515,103519,103525,103528,103601,103603,103611,103616,103685,103687,103712,103714,103717,103820,103822,103883,103886,103890,103896,103969,103971,104004,104007,104010,104050,104056,104079,104084,104088,104099,104102,104104,104108,104114,104116,104173,104183,104185,104238,104245,104250,104318,104326,104332,104336,104338,104377,104382,104431,104435,104438,104440,104479,104482,104484,104489,104546,104548,104562,104564,104568,104574,104579,104584,104591,104602,104608,104613,104615,104642],[10,102991,96341,102993,11428],{"id":102992},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102994,102995],{},"discard()",[20,102997,102998,103001],{},[15,102999,103000],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103003,103004,103005,2518,103010,14165,103012,103014],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[56,103006,103007],{"href":98350},[15,103008,103009],{},"set.remove()",[15,103011,102995],{},[30,103013,4967],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[288,103016,2334],{"id":2333},[62,103018,103020],{"className":64,"code":103019,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103021,103022,103054,103073,103083,103087,103108],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103023,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103025,13186],{"class":77},[71,103027,82],{"class":81},[71,103029,1456],{"class":89},[71,103031,3184],{"class":99},[71,103033,13203],{"class":103},[71,103035,3184],{"class":99},[71,103037,109],{"class":89},[71,103039,3683],{"class":99},[71,103041,13220],{"class":103},[71,103043,3184],{"class":99},[71,103045,109],{"class":89},[71,103047,3683],{"class":99},[71,103049,17570],{"class":103},[71,103051,3184],{"class":99},[71,103053,252],{"class":89},[71,103055,103056,103058,103060,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103057,17617],{"class":77},[71,103059,60],{"class":89},[71,103061,103062],{"class":133},"discard",[71,103064,90],{"class":89},[71,103066,3184],{"class":99},[71,103068,13220],{"class":103},[71,103070,3184],{"class":99},[71,103072,121],{"class":89},[71,103074,103075,103077,103079,103081],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,103076,128],{"class":127},[71,103078,90],{"class":89},[71,103080,17617],{"class":133},[71,103082,121],{"class":89},[71,103084,103085],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,103086,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103088,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,103090,17617],{"class":77},[71,103092,60],{"class":89},[71,103094,103062],{"class":133},[71,103096,90],{"class":89},[71,103098,3184],{"class":99},[71,103100,22641],{"class":103},[71,103102,3184],{"class":99},[71,103104,3993],{"class":89},[71,103106,103107],{"class":1439},"  # no error if missing\n",[71,103109,103110,103112,103114,103116],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,103111,128],{"class":127},[71,103113,90],{"class":89},[71,103115,17617],{"class":133},[71,103117,121],{"class":89},[20,103119,30150],{},[62,103121,103123],{"className":64,"code":103122,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103124,103125,103145],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103128,219],{"class":89},[71,103130,100],{"class":99},[71,103132,13203],{"class":103},[71,103134,100],{"class":99},[71,103136,109],{"class":89},[71,103138,231],{"class":99},[71,103140,17570],{"class":103},[71,103142,100],{"class":99},[71,103144,252],{"class":89},[71,103146,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103148,219],{"class":89},[71,103150,100],{"class":99},[71,103152,13203],{"class":103},[71,103154,100],{"class":99},[71,103156,109],{"class":89},[71,103158,231],{"class":99},[71,103160,17570],{"class":103},[71,103162,100],{"class":99},[71,103164,252],{"class":89},[20,103166,283,103167,103169],{},[15,103168,102995],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[288,103171,291,103173,294],{"id":103172},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103174,103000],{},[20,103176,103177,228],{},[15,103178,102995],{},[40,103180,103181,103184,103187,103189],{},[43,103182,103183],{},"Removes one item from a set",[43,103185,103186],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[43,103188,96456],{},[43,103190,11530,103191],{},[15,103192,4110],{},[20,103194,103195],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103197,96465,103198,3209,103201,60],{},[56,103199,103200],{"href":98932},"what a set is in Python",[56,103202,103203],{"href":98024},"how to create a set",[288,103205,343],{"id":342},[62,103207,103209],{"className":64,"code":103208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103210,103211],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103212,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103214,15779],{"class":77},[71,103216,60],{"class":89},[71,103218,103062],{"class":133},[71,103220,90],{"class":89},[71,103222,2804],{"class":133},[71,103224,121],{"class":89},[40,103226,103227,103232,103237,103240],{},[43,103228,103229,103231],{},[15,103230,15779],{}," is the set you want to change",[43,103233,103234,103236],{},[15,103235,2804],{}," is the item you want to remove",[43,103238,103239],{},"The set must already exist",[43,103241,103242],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[350,103244,103246],{"id":103245},"example","Example",[62,103248,103250],{"className":64,"code":103249,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103251,103252,103276,103290],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103255,3950],{"class":77},[71,103257,82],{"class":81},[71,103259,1456],{"class":89},[71,103261,3320],{"class":117},[71,103263,109],{"class":89},[71,103265,183],{"class":117},[71,103267,109],{"class":89},[71,103269,701],{"class":117},[71,103271,109],{"class":89},[71,103273,2788],{"class":117},[71,103275,252],{"class":89},[71,103277,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103279,3980],{"class":77},[71,103281,60],{"class":89},[71,103283,103062],{"class":133},[71,103285,90],{"class":89},[71,103287,640],{"class":117},[71,103289,121],{"class":89},[71,103291,103292,103294,103296,103298],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,103293,128],{"class":127},[71,103295,90],{"class":89},[71,103297,3980],{"class":133},[71,103299,121],{"class":89},[20,103301,209],{},[62,103303,103305],{"className":64,"code":103304,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103306,103307],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103308,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103310,219],{"class":89},[71,103312,3320],{"class":117},[71,103314,109],{"class":89},[71,103316,183],{"class":117},[71,103318,109],{"class":89},[71,103320,2788],{"class":117},[71,103322,252],{"class":89},[288,103324,103326,103327,103329],{"id":103325},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103328,102995],{}," different",[20,103331,103332,103334],{},[15,103333,102995],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[40,103336,103337,103350,103359],{},[43,103338,103339,103340,2518,103344,103346,103347,103349],{},"Unlike ",[56,103341,103342],{"href":98350},[15,103343,55664],{},[15,103345,102995],{}," does not raise ",[15,103348,19803],{}," when the item is missing",[43,103351,103339,103352,2518,103356,103358],{},[56,103353,103354],{"href":98355},[15,103355,12872],{},[15,103357,102995],{}," removes a specific item",[43,103360,103361],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[350,103363,103365,1552,103367],{"id":103364},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103366,102995],{},[15,103368,55664],{},[62,103370,103372],{"className":64,"code":103371,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103373,103374,103398,103402,103423,103433,103437,103458],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103375,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103377,1735],{"class":77},[71,103379,82],{"class":81},[71,103381,1456],{"class":89},[71,103383,3184],{"class":99},[71,103385,4414],{"class":103},[71,103387,3184],{"class":99},[71,103389,109],{"class":89},[71,103391,3683],{"class":99},[71,103393,4423],{"class":103},[71,103395,3184],{"class":99},[71,103397,252],{"class":89},[71,103399,103400],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103401,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103403,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,103405,1770],{"class":77},[71,103407,60],{"class":89},[71,103409,103062],{"class":133},[71,103411,90],{"class":89},[71,103413,3184],{"class":99},[71,103415,33343],{"class":103},[71,103417,3184],{"class":99},[71,103419,3993],{"class":89},[71,103421,103422],{"class":1439},"   # no error\n",[71,103424,103425,103427,103429,103431],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,103426,128],{"class":127},[71,103428,90],{"class":89},[71,103430,1770],{"class":133},[71,103432,121],{"class":89},[71,103434,103435],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,103436,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103438,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,103440,1770],{"class":77},[71,103442,60],{"class":89},[71,103444,34918],{"class":133},[71,103446,90],{"class":89},[71,103448,3184],{"class":99},[71,103450,4423],{"class":103},[71,103452,3184],{"class":99},[71,103454,3993],{"class":89},[71,103456,103457],{"class":1439},"    # removes existing item\n",[71,103459,103460,103462,103464,103466],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,103461,128],{"class":127},[71,103463,90],{"class":89},[71,103465,1770],{"class":133},[71,103467,121],{"class":89},[20,103469,209],{},[62,103471,103473],{"className":64,"code":103472,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103474,103475,103495],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103476,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103478,219],{"class":89},[71,103480,100],{"class":99},[71,103482,4414],{"class":103},[71,103484,100],{"class":99},[71,103486,109],{"class":89},[71,103488,231],{"class":99},[71,103490,4423],{"class":103},[71,103492,100],{"class":99},[71,103494,252],{"class":89},[71,103496,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103498,219],{"class":89},[71,103500,100],{"class":99},[71,103502,4414],{"class":103},[71,103504,100],{"class":99},[71,103506,252],{"class":89},[20,103508,40472,103509,103511,103512,103514],{},[15,103510,55664],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[56,103513,2050],{"href":2049}," for more help with that case.",[288,103516,103518],{"id":103517},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103520,103521,2728,103523,60],{},[15,103522,102995],{},[15,103524,4110],{},[20,103526,103527],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[62,103529,103531],{"className":64,"code":103530,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103532,103533,103565,103587,103591],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103534,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103536,13186],{"class":77},[71,103538,82],{"class":81},[71,103540,1456],{"class":89},[71,103542,3184],{"class":99},[71,103544,13203],{"class":103},[71,103546,3184],{"class":99},[71,103548,109],{"class":89},[71,103550,3683],{"class":99},[71,103552,13220],{"class":103},[71,103554,3184],{"class":99},[71,103556,109],{"class":89},[71,103558,3683],{"class":99},[71,103560,17570],{"class":103},[71,103562,3184],{"class":99},[71,103564,252],{"class":89},[71,103566,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103568,1102],{"class":77},[71,103570,82],{"class":81},[71,103572,13234],{"class":77},[71,103574,60],{"class":89},[71,103576,103062],{"class":133},[71,103578,90],{"class":89},[71,103580,3184],{"class":99},[71,103582,13220],{"class":103},[71,103584,3184],{"class":99},[71,103586,121],{"class":89},[71,103588,103589],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,103590,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103592,103593,103595,103597,103599],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,103594,128],{"class":127},[71,103596,90],{"class":89},[71,103598,2594],{"class":133},[71,103600,121],{"class":89},[20,103602,209],{},[62,103604,103605],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,103606,103607],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103608,103609],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103610,11916],{"class":4184},[20,103612,103613,103614,228],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103615,17617],{},[62,103617,103619],{"className":64,"code":103618,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103620,103621,103653,103671,103675],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103622,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103624,13186],{"class":77},[71,103626,82],{"class":81},[71,103628,1456],{"class":89},[71,103630,3184],{"class":99},[71,103632,13203],{"class":103},[71,103634,3184],{"class":99},[71,103636,109],{"class":89},[71,103638,3683],{"class":99},[71,103640,13220],{"class":103},[71,103642,3184],{"class":99},[71,103644,109],{"class":89},[71,103646,3683],{"class":99},[71,103648,17570],{"class":103},[71,103650,3184],{"class":99},[71,103652,252],{"class":89},[71,103654,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103656,17617],{"class":77},[71,103658,60],{"class":89},[71,103660,103062],{"class":133},[71,103662,90],{"class":89},[71,103664,3184],{"class":99},[71,103666,13220],{"class":103},[71,103668,3184],{"class":99},[71,103670,121],{"class":89},[71,103672,103673],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,103674,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103676,103677,103679,103681,103683],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,103678,128],{"class":127},[71,103680,90],{"class":89},[71,103682,17617],{"class":133},[71,103684,121],{"class":89},[20,103686,209],{},[62,103688,103690],{"className":64,"code":103689,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103691,103692],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103693,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103695,219],{"class":89},[71,103697,100],{"class":99},[71,103699,13203],{"class":103},[71,103701,100],{"class":99},[71,103703,109],{"class":89},[71,103705,231],{"class":99},[71,103707,17570],{"class":103},[71,103709,100],{"class":99},[71,103711,252],{"class":89},[288,103713,11582],{"id":11581},[20,103715,103716],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[62,103718,103720],{"className":64,"code":103719,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103721,103722,103754,103758,103776,103780,103798,103802],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103723,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103725,36365],{"class":77},[71,103727,82],{"class":81},[71,103729,1456],{"class":89},[71,103731,3184],{"class":99},[71,103733,4414],{"class":103},[71,103735,3184],{"class":99},[71,103737,109],{"class":89},[71,103739,3683],{"class":99},[71,103741,4423],{"class":103},[71,103743,3184],{"class":99},[71,103745,109],{"class":89},[71,103747,3683],{"class":99},[71,103749,33343],{"class":103},[71,103751,3184],{"class":99},[71,103753,252],{"class":89},[71,103755,103756],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103757,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103759,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,103761,128],{"class":127},[71,103763,90],{"class":89},[71,103765,3184],{"class":99},[71,103767,11671],{"class":103},[71,103769,3184],{"class":99},[71,103771,109],{"class":89},[71,103773,52986],{"class":133},[71,103775,121],{"class":89},[71,103777,103778],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,103779,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103781,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,103783,36417],{"class":77},[71,103785,60],{"class":89},[71,103787,103062],{"class":133},[71,103789,90],{"class":89},[71,103791,3184],{"class":99},[71,103793,4423],{"class":103},[71,103795,3184],{"class":99},[71,103797,121],{"class":89},[71,103799,103800],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,103801,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103803,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,103805,128],{"class":127},[71,103807,90],{"class":89},[71,103809,3184],{"class":99},[71,103811,11711],{"class":103},[71,103813,3184],{"class":99},[71,103815,109],{"class":89},[71,103817,52986],{"class":133},[71,103819,121],{"class":89},[20,103821,209],{},[62,103823,103825],{"className":64,"code":103824,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103826,103827,103859],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103828,103829,103831,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103830,11731],{"class":77},[71,103832,228],{"class":89},[71,103834,1456],{"class":89},[71,103836,100],{"class":99},[71,103838,4423],{"class":103},[71,103840,100],{"class":99},[71,103842,109],{"class":89},[71,103844,231],{"class":99},[71,103846,4414],{"class":103},[71,103848,100],{"class":99},[71,103850,109],{"class":89},[71,103852,231],{"class":99},[71,103854,33343],{"class":103},[71,103856,100],{"class":99},[71,103858,252],{"class":89},[71,103860,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869,103871,103873,103875,103877,103879,103881],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103862,11784],{"class":77},[71,103864,228],{"class":89},[71,103866,1456],{"class":89},[71,103868,100],{"class":99},[71,103870,4414],{"class":103},[71,103872,100],{"class":99},[71,103874,109],{"class":89},[71,103876,231],{"class":99},[71,103878,33343],{"class":103},[71,103880,100],{"class":99},[71,103882,252],{"class":89},[20,103884,103885],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[288,103887,103889],{"id":103888},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103891,103892,103893,103895],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103894,102995],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[62,103897,103899],{"className":64,"code":103898,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103900,103901,103933,103937,103955,103959],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103902,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103904,36365],{"class":77},[71,103906,82],{"class":81},[71,103908,1456],{"class":89},[71,103910,3184],{"class":99},[71,103912,4414],{"class":103},[71,103914,3184],{"class":99},[71,103916,109],{"class":89},[71,103918,3683],{"class":99},[71,103920,4423],{"class":103},[71,103922,3184],{"class":99},[71,103924,109],{"class":89},[71,103926,3683],{"class":99},[71,103928,33343],{"class":103},[71,103930,3184],{"class":99},[71,103932,252],{"class":89},[71,103934,103935],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,103936,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103938,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,103940,36417],{"class":77},[71,103942,60],{"class":89},[71,103944,103062],{"class":133},[71,103946,90],{"class":89},[71,103948,3184],{"class":99},[71,103950,22650],{"class":103},[71,103952,3184],{"class":99},[71,103954,121],{"class":89},[71,103956,103957],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,103958,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,103960,103961,103963,103965,103967],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,103962,128],{"class":127},[71,103964,90],{"class":89},[71,103966,36417],{"class":133},[71,103968,121],{"class":89},[20,103970,209],{},[62,103972,103974],{"className":64,"code":103973,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103975,103976],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,103977,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,103979,219],{"class":89},[71,103981,100],{"class":99},[71,103983,4423],{"class":103},[71,103985,100],{"class":99},[71,103987,109],{"class":89},[71,103989,231],{"class":99},[71,103991,4414],{"class":103},[71,103993,100],{"class":99},[71,103995,109],{"class":89},[71,103997,231],{"class":99},[71,103999,33343],{"class":103},[71,104001,100],{"class":99},[71,104003,252],{"class":89},[20,104005,104006],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104008,104009],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[62,104011,104013],{"className":64,"code":104012,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104014,104015,104031],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104016,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104018,7337],{"class":4209},[71,104020,3683],{"class":99},[71,104022,22650],{"class":103},[71,104024,3184],{"class":99},[71,104026,21290],{"class":81},[71,104028,52986],{"class":77},[71,104030,6731],{"class":89},[71,104032,104033,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104034,104035],{"class":77},"    fruits",[71,104037,60],{"class":89},[71,104039,34918],{"class":133},[71,104041,90],{"class":89},[71,104043,3184],{"class":99},[71,104045,22650],{"class":103},[71,104047,3184],{"class":99},[71,104049,121],{"class":89},[20,104051,104052,104053,104055],{},"With ",[15,104054,102995],{},", you can simply write:",[62,104057,104059],{"className":64,"code":104058,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104060,104061],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104062,104063,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104064,36417],{"class":77},[71,104066,60],{"class":89},[71,104068,103062],{"class":133},[71,104070,90],{"class":89},[71,104072,3184],{"class":99},[71,104074,22650],{"class":103},[71,104076,3184],{"class":99},[71,104078,121],{"class":89},[288,104080,5298,104082],{"id":104081},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104083,102995],{},[20,104085,283,104086,1569],{},[15,104087,102995],{},[40,104089,104090,104093,104096],{},[43,104091,104092],{},"Missing values are normal",[43,104094,104095],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[43,104097,104098],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104100,104101],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[288,104103,2054],{"id":2053},[20,104105,8788,104106,60],{},[15,104107,102995],{},[350,104109,8794,104111,104113],{"id":104110},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104112,102995],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104115,1725],{},[62,104117,104119],{"className":64,"code":104118,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104120,104121,104141,104159,104163],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104122,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137,104139],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104124,3950],{"class":77},[71,104126,82],{"class":81},[71,104128,1456],{"class":89},[71,104130,3320],{"class":117},[71,104132,109],{"class":89},[71,104134,183],{"class":117},[71,104136,109],{"class":89},[71,104138,701],{"class":117},[71,104140,252],{"class":89},[71,104142,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104144,3950],{"class":77},[71,104146,82],{"class":81},[71,104148,4599],{"class":77},[71,104150,60],{"class":89},[71,104152,103062],{"class":133},[71,104154,90],{"class":89},[71,104156,630],{"class":117},[71,104158,121],{"class":89},[71,104160,104161],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,104162,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,104164,104165,104167,104169,104171],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,104166,128],{"class":127},[71,104168,90],{"class":89},[71,104170,3980],{"class":133},[71,104172,121],{"class":89},[20,104174,104175,42285,104177,8943,104179,2728,104181,60],{},[15,104176,3980],{},[15,104178,4110],{},[15,104180,102995],{},[15,104182,4110],{},[20,104184,18956],{},[62,104186,104188],{"className":64,"code":104187,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104189,104190,104210,104224,104228],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104191,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104193,3950],{"class":77},[71,104195,82],{"class":81},[71,104197,1456],{"class":89},[71,104199,3320],{"class":117},[71,104201,109],{"class":89},[71,104203,183],{"class":117},[71,104205,109],{"class":89},[71,104207,701],{"class":117},[71,104209,252],{"class":89},[71,104211,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104213,3980],{"class":77},[71,104215,60],{"class":89},[71,104217,103062],{"class":133},[71,104219,90],{"class":89},[71,104221,630],{"class":117},[71,104223,121],{"class":89},[71,104225,104226],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,104227,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,104229,104230,104232,104234,104236],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,104231,128],{"class":127},[71,104233,90],{"class":89},[71,104235,3980],{"class":133},[71,104237,121],{"class":89},[350,104239,37331,104241,9046,104243],{"id":104240},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104242,102995],{},[15,104244,55664],{},[20,104246,104247,104248,60],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104249,102995],{},[62,104251,104253],{"className":64,"code":104252,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104254,104255,104287,104308],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104256,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104258,36216],{"class":77},[71,104260,82],{"class":81},[71,104262,1456],{"class":89},[71,104264,3184],{"class":99},[71,104266,56],{"class":103},[71,104268,3184],{"class":99},[71,104270,109],{"class":89},[71,104272,3683],{"class":99},[71,104274,176],{"class":103},[71,104276,3184],{"class":99},[71,104278,109],{"class":89},[71,104280,3683],{"class":99},[71,104282,694],{"class":103},[71,104284,3184],{"class":99},[71,104286,252],{"class":89},[71,104288,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104290,36269],{"class":77},[71,104292,60],{"class":89},[71,104294,103062],{"class":133},[71,104296,90],{"class":89},[71,104298,3184],{"class":99},[71,104300,22194],{"class":103},[71,104302,3184],{"class":99},[71,104304,3993],{"class":89},[71,104306,104307],{"class":1439},"   # safe\n",[71,104309,104310,104312,104314,104316],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,104311,128],{"class":127},[71,104313,90],{"class":89},[71,104315,36269],{"class":133},[71,104317,121],{"class":89},[20,104319,104320,104321,46040,104324,60],{},"If you use ",[15,104322,104323],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104325,19803],{},[350,104327,25735,104329,104331],{"id":104328},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104330,102995],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104333,104334,102348],{},[15,104335,102995],{},[20,104337,16757],{},[62,104339,104341],{"className":64,"code":104340,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104342,104343,104363],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104344,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359,104361],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104346,1735],{"class":77},[71,104348,82],{"class":81},[71,104350,1740],{"class":89},[71,104352,3320],{"class":117},[71,104354,109],{"class":89},[71,104356,183],{"class":117},[71,104358,109],{"class":89},[71,104360,701],{"class":117},[71,104362,1757],{"class":89},[71,104364,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104366,1770],{"class":77},[71,104368,60],{"class":89},[71,104370,103062],{"class":133},[71,104372,90],{"class":89},[71,104374,630],{"class":117},[71,104376,121],{"class":89},[20,104378,104379,104380,228],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104381,102995],{},[62,104383,104385],{"className":64,"code":104384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104386,104387,104407,104421],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104388,104389,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104390,1735],{"class":77},[71,104392,82],{"class":81},[71,104394,1456],{"class":89},[71,104396,3320],{"class":117},[71,104398,109],{"class":89},[71,104400,183],{"class":117},[71,104402,109],{"class":89},[71,104404,701],{"class":117},[71,104406,252],{"class":89},[71,104408,104409,104411,104413,104415,104417,104419],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104410,1770],{"class":77},[71,104412,60],{"class":89},[71,104414,103062],{"class":133},[71,104416,90],{"class":89},[71,104418,630],{"class":117},[71,104420,121],{"class":89},[71,104422,104423,104425,104427,104429],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,104424,128],{"class":127},[71,104426,90],{"class":89},[71,104428,1770],{"class":133},[71,104430,121],{"class":89},[350,104432,104434],{"id":104433},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104436,104437],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104439,1052],{},[62,104441,104443],{"className":64,"code":104442,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104444,104445,104465],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104446,104447,104449,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104448,78],{"class":77},[71,104450,82],{"class":81},[71,104452,1456],{"class":89},[71,104454,3320],{"class":117},[71,104456,109],{"class":89},[71,104458,183],{"class":117},[71,104460,109],{"class":89},[71,104462,701],{"class":117},[71,104464,252],{"class":89},[71,104466,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104468,134],{"class":77},[71,104470,60],{"class":89},[71,104472,103062],{"class":133},[71,104474,3317],{"class":89},[71,104476,630],{"class":117},[71,104478,4222],{"class":89},[20,104480,104481],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[288,104483,9213],{"id":9212},[20,104485,9216,104486,104488],{},[15,104487,102995],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[62,104490,104492],{"className":64,"code":104491,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104493,104494,104504,104518,104532],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104495,104496,104498,104500,104502],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104497,128],{"class":127},[71,104499,90],{"class":89},[71,104501,15779],{"class":133},[71,104503,121],{"class":89},[71,104505,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514,104516],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104507,128],{"class":127},[71,104509,90],{"class":89},[71,104511,735],{"class":85},[71,104513,90],{"class":89},[71,104515,15779],{"class":133},[71,104517,204],{"class":89},[71,104519,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,104521,128],{"class":127},[71,104523,90],{"class":89},[71,104525,2778],{"class":133},[71,104527,4216],{"class":4209},[71,104529,97065],{"class":133},[71,104531,121],{"class":89},[71,104533,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,104535,32274],{"class":127},[71,104537,90],{"class":89},[71,104539,6624],{"class":85},[71,104541,60],{"class":89},[71,104543,103062],{"class":24868},[71,104545,121],{"class":89},[20,104547,2148],{},[40,104549,104550,104553,104556,104559],{},[43,104551,104552],{},"What is currently in the set",[43,104554,104555],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[43,104557,104558],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[43,104560,104561],{},"How Python documents the method",[288,104563,2163],{"id":2162},[350,104565,104567],{"id":104566},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104569,104570,104571,104573],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104572,102995],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[350,104575,5479,104577,12825],{"id":104576},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104578,103000],{},[20,104580,5485,104581,104583],{},[15,104582,4110],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[350,104585,2167,104587,1560,104589,2172],{"id":104586},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104588,102995],{},[15,104590,55664],{},[20,104592,104593,104594,26657,104596,104598,104599,104601],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104595,55664],{},[15,104597,19803],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104600,102995],{}," does not.",[350,104603,28448,104605,104607],{"id":104604},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104606,102995],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104609,46497,104610,104612],{},[15,104611,102995],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[288,104614,2221],{"id":2220},[40,104616,104617,104623,104629,104634,104638],{},[43,104618,104619],{},[56,104620,96955,104621,1709],{"href":98350},[15,104622,55664],{},[43,104624,104625],{},[56,104626,96955,104627,1709],{"href":98355},[15,104628,12872],{},[43,104630,104631],{},[56,104632,104633],{"href":98024},"Python set: creating a set",[43,104635,104636],{},[56,104637,100490],{"href":98932},[43,104639,104640],{},[56,104641,2248],{"href":2049},[2250,104643,104644],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":104646},[104647,104648,104650,104653,104658,104659,104660,104661,104663,104672,104673,104682],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":103172,"depth":124,"text":104649},"What set.discard() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":104651},[104652],{"id":103245,"depth":139,"text":103246},{"id":103325,"depth":124,"text":104654,"children":104655},"What makes discard() different",[104656],{"id":103364,"depth":139,"text":104657},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103517,"depth":124,"text":103518},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":103888,"depth":124,"text":103889},{"id":104081,"depth":124,"text":104662},"When to use discard()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":104664},[104665,104667,104669,104671],{"id":104110,"depth":139,"text":104666},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104240,"depth":139,"text":104668},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104328,"depth":139,"text":104670},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104433,"depth":139,"text":104434},{"id":9212,"depth":124,"text":9213},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":104674},[104675,104676,104678,104680],{"id":104566,"depth":139,"text":104567},{"id":104576,"depth":139,"text":104677},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104586,"depth":139,"text":104679},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104604,"depth":139,"text":104681},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102987,"description":104683},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104690,"title":104691,"body":104692,"description":106698,"extension":2292,"meta":106699,"navigation":142,"path":106700,"seo":106701,"stem":106702,"__hash__":106703},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104693,"toc":106656},[104694,104697,104705,104710,104721,104723,104778,104782,104802,104807,104811,104816,104818,104832,104834,104909,104911,104944,104949,104954,104956,104958,104973,104976,104984,104989,105004,105006,105095,105097,105186,105192,105196,105198,105236,105238,105262,105265,105280,105282,105337,105339,105372,105374,105379,105383,105387,105392,105457,105459,105479,105485,105489,105546,105548,105569,105573,105578,105623,105625,105658,105661,105665,105698,105700,105729,105733,105737,105740,105742,105761,105763,105809,105814,105828,105830,105861,105866,105869,105913,105915,105943,105947,105951,105967,105970,106035,106037,106049,106052,106056,106059,106064,106092,106094,106112,106118,106157,106159,106177,106183,106212,106214,106232,106235,106252,106254,106259,106263,106266,106292,106299,106304,106319,106328,106332,106335,106366,106372,106375,106384,106387,106389,106391,106449,106452,106477,106479,106483,106486,106490,106498,106502,106505,106509,106512,106514,106537,106539,106580,106587,106595,106598,106629,106631,106653],[10,104695,104691],{"id":104696},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104698,22,104699,104701,104702,60],{},[15,104700,4128],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[30,104703,104704],{},"unique values only",[20,104706,35530,104707,104709],{},[15,104708,4128],{}," to:",[40,104711,104712,104715,104718],{},[43,104713,104714],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[43,104716,104717],{},"check whether a value exists",[43,104719,104720],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[288,104722,2334],{"id":2333},[62,104724,104726],{"className":64,"code":104725,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104727,104728,104752,104767],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104729,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104731,3950],{"class":77},[71,104733,82],{"class":81},[71,104735,1740],{"class":89},[71,104737,3320],{"class":117},[71,104739,109],{"class":89},[71,104741,183],{"class":117},[71,104743,109],{"class":89},[71,104745,183],{"class":117},[71,104747,109],{"class":89},[71,104749,701],{"class":117},[71,104751,1757],{"class":89},[71,104753,104754,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104755,104756],{"class":77},"unique_numbers ",[71,104758,82],{"class":81},[71,104760,15746],{"class":85},[71,104762,90],{"class":89},[71,104764,3980],{"class":133},[71,104766,121],{"class":89},[71,104768,104769,104771,104773,104776],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,104770,128],{"class":127},[71,104772,90],{"class":89},[71,104774,104775],{"class":133},"unique_numbers",[71,104777,121],{"class":89},[20,104779,104780],{},[30,104781,209],{},[62,104783,104784],{"className":64,"code":96748,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,104785,104786],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104787,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104789,219],{"class":89},[71,104791,3320],{"class":117},[71,104793,109],{"class":89},[71,104795,183],{"class":117},[71,104797,109],{"class":89},[71,104799,701],{"class":117},[71,104801,252],{"class":89},[20,104803,283,104804,104806],{},[15,104805,4128],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[288,104808,104810],{"id":104809},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104812,104813,104815],{},[15,104814,4128],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104817,30661],{},[40,104819,104820,104823,104826,104829],{},[43,104821,104822],{},"A set stores unique items only",[43,104824,104825],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[43,104827,104828],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[43,104830,104831],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104833,2537],{},[62,104835,104837],{"className":64,"code":104836,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104838,104839,104879,104894,104898],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104840,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104842,13186],{"class":77},[71,104844,82],{"class":81},[71,104846,1740],{"class":89},[71,104848,3184],{"class":99},[71,104850,13203],{"class":103},[71,104852,3184],{"class":99},[71,104854,109],{"class":89},[71,104856,3683],{"class":99},[71,104858,13220],{"class":103},[71,104860,3184],{"class":99},[71,104862,109],{"class":89},[71,104864,3683],{"class":99},[71,104866,13203],{"class":103},[71,104868,3184],{"class":99},[71,104870,109],{"class":89},[71,104872,3683],{"class":99},[71,104874,17570],{"class":103},[71,104876,3184],{"class":99},[71,104878,1757],{"class":89},[71,104880,104881,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,104882,104883],{"class":77},"unique_colors ",[71,104885,82],{"class":81},[71,104887,15746],{"class":85},[71,104889,90],{"class":89},[71,104891,17617],{"class":133},[71,104893,121],{"class":89},[71,104895,104896],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,104897,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,104899,104900,104902,104904,104907],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,104901,128],{"class":127},[71,104903,90],{"class":89},[71,104905,104906],{"class":133},"unique_colors",[71,104908,121],{"class":89},[20,104910,30150],{},[62,104912,104914],{"className":64,"code":104913,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104915,104916],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104917,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104919,219],{"class":89},[71,104921,100],{"class":99},[71,104923,13220],{"class":103},[71,104925,100],{"class":99},[71,104927,109],{"class":89},[71,104929,231],{"class":99},[71,104931,17570],{"class":103},[71,104933,100],{"class":99},[71,104935,109],{"class":89},[71,104937,231],{"class":99},[71,104939,13203],{"class":103},[71,104941,100],{"class":99},[71,104943,252],{"class":89},[20,104945,2616,104946,104948],{},[15,104947,65530],{}," appears only once.",[20,104950,104951,104952,60],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[56,104953,96469],{"href":96468},[288,104955,343],{"id":342},[20,104957,2489],{},[62,104959,104961],{"className":64,"code":104960,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104962,104963],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,104964,104965,104967,104969,104971],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104966,6624],{"class":85},[71,104968,90],{"class":89},[71,104970,4052],{"class":133},[71,104972,121],{"class":89},[20,104974,104975],{},"The argument is optional.",[40,104977,104978,104981],{},[43,104979,104980],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[43,104982,104983],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104985,104986,104987,228],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104988,4128],{},[40,104990,104991,104993,104995,104997,105001],{},[43,104992,8433],{},[43,104994,49086],{},[43,104996,61311],{},[43,104998,104999],{},[15,105000,36324],{},[43,105002,105003],{},"another set",[20,105005,2455],{},[62,105007,105009],{"className":64,"code":105008,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105010,105011,105037,105059,105077],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105012,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105014,128],{"class":127},[71,105016,90],{"class":89},[71,105018,6624],{"class":85},[71,105020,3317],{"class":89},[71,105022,3320],{"class":117},[71,105024,109],{"class":89},[71,105026,183],{"class":117},[71,105028,109],{"class":89},[71,105030,183],{"class":117},[71,105032,109],{"class":89},[71,105034,701],{"class":117},[71,105036,3331],{"class":89},[71,105038,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105040,128],{"class":127},[71,105042,90],{"class":89},[71,105044,6624],{"class":85},[71,105046,5846],{"class":89},[71,105048,2661],{"class":117},[71,105050,109],{"class":89},[71,105052,8129],{"class":117},[71,105054,109],{"class":89},[71,105056,6341],{"class":117},[71,105058,3243],{"class":89},[71,105060,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,105062,128],{"class":127},[71,105064,90],{"class":89},[71,105066,6624],{"class":85},[71,105068,90],{"class":89},[71,105070,3184],{"class":99},[71,105072,4177],{"class":103},[71,105074,3184],{"class":99},[71,105076,204],{"class":89},[71,105078,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,105080,128],{"class":127},[71,105082,90],{"class":89},[71,105084,6624],{"class":85},[71,105086,90],{"class":89},[71,105088,60135],{"class":127},[71,105090,90],{"class":89},[71,105092,2836],{"class":117},[71,105094,3243],{"class":89},[20,105096,30150],{},[62,105098,105100],{"className":64,"code":105099,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105101,105102,105118,105130,105166],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105103,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105105,219],{"class":89},[71,105107,3320],{"class":117},[71,105109,109],{"class":89},[71,105111,183],{"class":117},[71,105113,109],{"class":89},[71,105115,701],{"class":117},[71,105117,252],{"class":89},[71,105119,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105121,219],{"class":89},[71,105123,2661],{"class":117},[71,105125,109],{"class":89},[71,105127,8129],{"class":117},[71,105129,252],{"class":89},[71,105131,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,105133,219],{"class":89},[71,105135,100],{"class":99},[71,105137,60575],{"class":103},[71,105139,100],{"class":99},[71,105141,109],{"class":89},[71,105143,231],{"class":99},[71,105145,60584],{"class":103},[71,105147,100],{"class":99},[71,105149,109],{"class":89},[71,105151,231],{"class":99},[71,105153,60593],{"class":103},[71,105155,100],{"class":99},[71,105157,109],{"class":89},[71,105159,231],{"class":99},[71,105161,60610],{"class":103},[71,105163,100],{"class":99},[71,105165,252],{"class":89},[71,105167,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,105169,219],{"class":89},[71,105171,2449],{"class":117},[71,105173,109],{"class":89},[71,105175,165],{"class":117},[71,105177,109],{"class":89},[71,105179,183],{"class":117},[71,105181,109],{"class":89},[71,105183,701],{"class":117},[71,105185,252],{"class":89},[20,105187,105188,105189,60],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[56,105190,105191],{"href":64985},"Python list() function explained",[288,105193,105195],{"id":105194},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105197,98421],{},[62,105199,105200],{"className":64,"code":99386,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,105201,105202,105212,105222],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105203,105204,105206,105208,105210],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105205,98431],{"class":77},[71,105207,82],{"class":81},[71,105209,15746],{"class":85},[71,105211,369],{"class":89},[71,105213,105214,105216,105218,105220],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105215,128],{"class":127},[71,105217,90],{"class":89},[71,105219,98450],{"class":133},[71,105221,121],{"class":89},[71,105223,105224,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,105225,128],{"class":127},[71,105227,90],{"class":89},[71,105229,735],{"class":85},[71,105231,90],{"class":89},[71,105233,98450],{"class":133},[71,105235,204],{"class":89},[20,105237,209],{},[62,105239,105240],{"className":64,"code":99429,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,105241,105242,105248],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105243,105244,105246],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105245,6624],{"class":85},[71,105247,369],{"class":89},[71,105249,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105251,765],{"class":81},[71,105253,769],{"class":768},[71,105255,231],{"class":99},[71,105257,6624],{"class":103},[71,105259,100],{"class":99},[71,105261,778],{"class":81},[20,105263,105264],{},"This is important because:",[40,105266,105267,105272],{},[43,105268,105269,105271],{},[15,105270,4128],{}," creates an empty set",[43,105273,105274,105276,105277,105279],{},[15,105275,805],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[30,105278,4967],{}," a set",[20,105281,2537],{},[62,105283,105285],{"className":64,"code":105284,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105286,105287,105297,105305,105309,105323],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105288,105289,105291,105293,105295],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105290,2886],{"class":77},[71,105292,82],{"class":81},[71,105294,15746],{"class":85},[71,105296,369],{"class":89},[71,105298,105299,105301,105303],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105300,2913],{"class":77},[71,105302,82],{"class":81},[71,105304,799],{"class":89},[71,105306,105307],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,105308,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,105310,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,105312,128],{"class":127},[71,105314,90],{"class":89},[71,105316,735],{"class":85},[71,105318,90],{"class":89},[71,105320,56],{"class":133},[71,105322,204],{"class":89},[71,105324,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,105326,128],{"class":127},[71,105328,90],{"class":89},[71,105330,735],{"class":85},[71,105332,90],{"class":89},[71,105334,176],{"class":133},[71,105336,204],{"class":89},[20,105338,209],{},[62,105340,105342],{"className":64,"code":105341,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105343,105344,105358],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105345,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105347,765],{"class":81},[71,105349,769],{"class":768},[71,105351,231],{"class":99},[71,105353,6624],{"class":103},[71,105355,100],{"class":99},[71,105357,778],{"class":81},[71,105359,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105361,765],{"class":81},[71,105363,769],{"class":768},[71,105365,231],{"class":99},[71,105367,196],{"class":103},[71,105369,100],{"class":99},[71,105371,778],{"class":81},[20,105373,14160],{},[20,105375,105376,105377,60],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[56,105378,104633],{"href":96472},[288,105380,105382],{"id":105381},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[350,105384,105386],{"id":105385},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105388,105389,105390,60],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105391,4128],{},[62,105393,105395],{"className":64,"code":105394,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105396,105397,105429,105443,105447],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105398,105399,105401,105403,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105400,3950],{"class":77},[71,105402,82],{"class":81},[71,105404,1740],{"class":89},[71,105406,3320],{"class":117},[71,105408,109],{"class":89},[71,105410,183],{"class":117},[71,105412,109],{"class":89},[71,105414,183],{"class":117},[71,105416,109],{"class":89},[71,105418,701],{"class":117},[71,105420,109],{"class":89},[71,105422,701],{"class":117},[71,105424,109],{"class":89},[71,105426,701],{"class":117},[71,105428,1757],{"class":89},[71,105430,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105432,1102],{"class":77},[71,105434,82],{"class":81},[71,105436,15746],{"class":85},[71,105438,90],{"class":89},[71,105440,3980],{"class":133},[71,105442,121],{"class":89},[71,105444,105445],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,105446,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,105448,105449,105451,105453,105455],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,105450,128],{"class":127},[71,105452,90],{"class":89},[71,105454,2594],{"class":133},[71,105456,121],{"class":89},[20,105458,209],{},[62,105460,105461],{"className":64,"code":96748,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,105462,105463],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105464,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105466,219],{"class":89},[71,105468,3320],{"class":117},[71,105470,109],{"class":89},[71,105472,183],{"class":117},[71,105474,109],{"class":89},[71,105476,701],{"class":117},[71,105478,252],{"class":89},[20,105480,105481,105482,60],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[56,105483,99219],{"href":105484},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[350,105486,105488],{"id":105487},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[62,105490,105492],{"className":64,"code":105491,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105493,105494,105518,105532,105536],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105495,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105497,4154],{"class":77},[71,105499,82],{"class":81},[71,105501,171],{"class":89},[71,105503,2466],{"class":117},[71,105505,109],{"class":89},[71,105507,4941],{"class":117},[71,105509,109],{"class":89},[71,105511,6341],{"class":117},[71,105513,109],{"class":89},[71,105515,38064],{"class":117},[71,105517,121],{"class":89},[71,105519,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105521,1102],{"class":77},[71,105523,82],{"class":81},[71,105525,15746],{"class":85},[71,105527,90],{"class":89},[71,105529,5694],{"class":133},[71,105531,121],{"class":89},[71,105533,105534],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,105535,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,105537,105538,105540,105542,105544],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,105539,128],{"class":127},[71,105541,90],{"class":89},[71,105543,2594],{"class":133},[71,105545,121],{"class":89},[20,105547,209],{},[62,105549,105551],{"className":64,"code":105550,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105552,105553],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105554,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105556,219],{"class":89},[71,105558,2466],{"class":117},[71,105560,109],{"class":89},[71,105562,6341],{"class":117},[71,105564,109],{"class":89},[71,105566,38064],{"class":117},[71,105568,252],{"class":89},[350,105570,105572],{"id":105571},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105574,51261,105575,105577],{},[15,105576,4128],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[62,105579,105581],{"className":64,"code":105580,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105582,105583,105595,105609,105613],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105584,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105586,34811],{"class":77},[71,105588,82],{"class":81},[71,105590,3683],{"class":99},[71,105592,4423],{"class":103},[71,105594,3689],{"class":99},[71,105596,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105598,1102],{"class":77},[71,105600,82],{"class":81},[71,105602,15746],{"class":85},[71,105604,90],{"class":89},[71,105606,34832],{"class":133},[71,105608,121],{"class":89},[71,105610,105611],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,105612,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,105614,105615,105617,105619,105621],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,105616,128],{"class":127},[71,105618,90],{"class":89},[71,105620,2594],{"class":133},[71,105622,121],{"class":89},[20,105624,30150],{},[62,105626,105628],{"className":64,"code":105627,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105629,105630],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105631,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105633,219],{"class":89},[71,105635,100],{"class":99},[71,105637,176],{"class":103},[71,105639,100],{"class":99},[71,105641,109],{"class":89},[71,105643,231],{"class":99},[71,105645,56],{"class":103},[71,105647,100],{"class":99},[71,105649,109],{"class":89},[71,105651,231],{"class":99},[71,105653,76168],{"class":103},[71,105655,100],{"class":99},[71,105657,252],{"class":89},[20,105659,105660],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[350,105662,105664],{"id":105663},"from-range","From range()",[62,105666,105668],{"className":64,"code":105667,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105669,105670,105688],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105671,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105673,1102],{"class":77},[71,105675,82],{"class":81},[71,105677,15746],{"class":85},[71,105679,90],{"class":89},[71,105681,60135],{"class":127},[71,105683,90],{"class":89},[71,105685,2466],{"class":117},[71,105687,204],{"class":89},[71,105689,105690,105692,105694,105696],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105691,128],{"class":127},[71,105693,90],{"class":89},[71,105695,2594],{"class":133},[71,105697,121],{"class":89},[20,105699,209],{},[62,105701,105703],{"className":64,"code":105702,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105704,105705],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105706,105707,105709,105711,105713,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105708,219],{"class":89},[71,105710,2449],{"class":117},[71,105712,109],{"class":89},[71,105714,165],{"class":117},[71,105716,109],{"class":89},[71,105718,183],{"class":117},[71,105720,109],{"class":89},[71,105722,701],{"class":117},[71,105724,109],{"class":89},[71,105726,2788],{"class":117},[71,105728,252],{"class":89},[288,105730,105732],{"id":105731},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105734,99666,105735,60],{},[30,105736,96512],{},[20,105738,105739],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105741,99672],{},[40,105743,105744,105748,105752,105756],{},[43,105745,105746],{},[15,105747,2517],{},[43,105749,105750],{},[15,105751,3775],{},[43,105753,105754],{},[15,105755,2521],{},[43,105757,105758,105760],{},[15,105759,49086],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105762,2537],{},[62,105764,105766],{"className":64,"code":105765,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105767,105768,105799],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105769,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105771,1735],{"class":77},[71,105773,82],{"class":81},[71,105775,1456],{"class":89},[71,105777,3320],{"class":117},[71,105779,109],{"class":89},[71,105781,3683],{"class":99},[71,105783,4177],{"class":103},[71,105785,3184],{"class":99},[71,105787,109],{"class":89},[71,105789,171],{"class":89},[71,105791,2661],{"class":117},[71,105793,109],{"class":89},[71,105795,8129],{"class":117},[71,105797,105798],{"class":89},")}\n",[71,105800,105801,105803,105805,105807],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105802,128],{"class":127},[71,105804,90],{"class":89},[71,105806,1770],{"class":133},[71,105808,121],{"class":89},[20,105810,99734,105811,105813],{},[30,105812,4967],{}," work inside a set:",[40,105815,105816,105820,105824],{},[43,105817,105818],{},[15,105819,8433],{},[43,105821,105822],{},[15,105823,196],{},[43,105825,105826],{},[15,105827,6624],{},[20,105829,97237],{},[62,105831,105833],{"className":64,"code":105832,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105834,105835],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105836,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105838,99753],{"class":77},[71,105840,82],{"class":81},[71,105842,99758],{"class":89},[71,105844,3320],{"class":117},[71,105846,109],{"class":89},[71,105848,183],{"class":117},[71,105850,18177],{"class":89},[71,105852,1740],{"class":89},[71,105854,640],{"class":117},[71,105856,109],{"class":89},[71,105858,2788],{"class":117},[71,105860,13817],{"class":89},[20,105862,76996,105863,105865],{},[15,105864,3337],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105867,105868],{},"A safer example:",[62,105870,105872],{"className":64,"code":105871,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105873,105874,105902],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105875,105876,105879,105881,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105877,105878],{"class":77},"good_set ",[71,105880,82],{"class":81},[71,105882,105883],{"class":89}," {(",[71,105885,3320],{"class":117},[71,105887,109],{"class":89},[71,105889,183],{"class":117},[71,105891,168],{"class":89},[71,105893,171],{"class":89},[71,105895,640],{"class":117},[71,105897,109],{"class":89},[71,105899,2788],{"class":117},[71,105901,105798],{"class":89},[71,105903,105904,105906,105908,105911],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,105905,128],{"class":127},[71,105907,90],{"class":89},[71,105909,105910],{"class":133},"good_set",[71,105912,121],{"class":89},[20,105914,209],{},[62,105916,105918],{"className":64,"code":105917,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105919,105920],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105921,105922,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939,105941],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105923,105924],{"class":89},"{(",[71,105926,3320],{"class":117},[71,105928,109],{"class":89},[71,105930,183],{"class":117},[71,105932,168],{"class":89},[71,105934,171],{"class":89},[71,105936,640],{"class":117},[71,105938,109],{"class":89},[71,105940,2788],{"class":117},[71,105942,105798],{"class":89},[288,105944,105946],{"id":105945},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105948,283,105949,1569],{},[15,105950,4128],{},[40,105952,105953,105956,105961,105964],{},[43,105954,105955],{},"you need unique values only",[43,105957,105958,105959],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105960,4216],{},[43,105962,105963],{},"order does not matter",[43,105965,105966],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105968,105969],{},"Example of membership checking:",[62,105971,105973],{"className":64,"code":105972,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105974,105975,106000,106004,106020],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,105976,105977,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105993,105995,105998],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,105978,105979],{"class":77},"allowed_ids ",[71,105981,82],{"class":81},[71,105983,15746],{"class":85},[71,105985,3317],{"class":89},[71,105987,46724],{"class":117},[71,105989,109],{"class":89},[71,105991,105992],{"class":117}," 102",[71,105994,109],{"class":89},[71,105996,105997],{"class":117}," 103",[71,105999,4222],{"class":89},[71,106001,106002],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106003,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,106005,106006,106008,106010,106013,106015,106018],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,106007,128],{"class":127},[71,106009,90],{"class":89},[71,106011,106012],{"class":117},"102",[71,106014,21290],{"class":4209},[71,106016,106017],{"class":133}," allowed_ids",[71,106019,121],{"class":89},[71,106021,106022,106024,106026,106029,106031,106033],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,106023,128],{"class":127},[71,106025,90],{"class":89},[71,106027,106028],{"class":117},"999",[71,106030,21290],{"class":4209},[71,106032,106017],{"class":133},[71,106034,121],{"class":89},[20,106036,209],{},[62,106038,106039],{"className":64,"code":44305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,106040,106041,106045],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106042,106043],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106044,4314],{"class":4184},[71,106046,106047],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106048,4375],{"class":4184},[20,106050,106051],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[288,106053,106055],{"id":106054},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106057,106058],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[350,106060,283,106062,98363],{"id":106061},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106063,4128],{},[62,106065,106066],{"className":64,"code":98424,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,106067,106068,106078],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106069,106070,106072,106074,106076],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106071,98431],{"class":77},[71,106073,82],{"class":81},[71,106075,15746],{"class":85},[71,106077,369],{"class":89},[71,106079,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106081,128],{"class":127},[71,106083,90],{"class":89},[71,106085,735],{"class":85},[71,106087,90],{"class":89},[71,106089,98450],{"class":133},[71,106091,204],{"class":89},[20,106093,209],{},[62,106095,106096],{"className":64,"code":9193,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,106097,106098],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106099,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108,106110],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106101,765],{"class":81},[71,106103,769],{"class":768},[71,106105,231],{"class":99},[71,106107,6624],{"class":103},[71,106109,100],{"class":99},[71,106111,778],{"class":81},[350,106113,283,106115,106117],{"id":106114},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106116,100423],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[62,106119,106121],{"className":64,"code":106120,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106122,106123,106143],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106124,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106126,3950],{"class":77},[71,106128,82],{"class":81},[71,106130,1456],{"class":89},[71,106132,3320],{"class":117},[71,106134,109],{"class":89},[71,106136,183],{"class":117},[71,106138,109],{"class":89},[71,106140,701],{"class":117},[71,106142,252],{"class":89},[71,106144,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106146,128],{"class":127},[71,106148,90],{"class":89},[71,106150,735],{"class":85},[71,106152,90],{"class":89},[71,106154,3980],{"class":133},[71,106156,204],{"class":89},[20,106158,209],{},[62,106160,106161],{"className":64,"code":9193,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,106162,106163],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106164,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106166,765],{"class":81},[71,106168,769],{"class":768},[71,106170,231],{"class":99},[71,106172,6624],{"class":103},[71,106174,100],{"class":99},[71,106176,778],{"class":81},[350,106178,283,106180,106182],{"id":106179},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106181,805],{}," for an empty dictionary",[62,106184,106186],{"className":64,"code":106185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106187,106188,106197],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106189,106190,106193,106195],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106191,106192],{"class":77},"empty_dict ",[71,106194,82],{"class":81},[71,106196,799],{"class":89},[71,106198,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207,106210],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106200,128],{"class":127},[71,106202,90],{"class":89},[71,106204,735],{"class":85},[71,106206,90],{"class":89},[71,106208,106209],{"class":133},"empty_dict",[71,106211,204],{"class":89},[20,106213,209],{},[62,106215,106216],{"className":64,"code":9150,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,106217,106218],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106219,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228,106230],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106221,765],{"class":81},[71,106223,769],{"class":768},[71,106225,231],{"class":99},[71,106227,196],{"class":103},[71,106229,100],{"class":99},[71,106231,778],{"class":81},[20,106233,106234],{},"So the rule is simple:",[40,106236,106237,106242,106247],{},[43,106238,106239,106241],{},[15,106240,4128],{}," → empty set",[43,106243,106244,106246],{},[15,106245,100423],{}," → non-empty set",[43,106248,106249,106251],{},[15,106250,805],{}," → empty dictionary",[288,106253,2054],{"id":2053},[20,106255,106256,106257,60],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106258,4128],{},[350,106260,8758,106261,100021],{"id":100018},[15,106262,805],{},[20,106264,106265],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[62,106267,106268],{"className":64,"code":100027,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,106269,106270,106278],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106271,106272,106274,106276],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106273,2778],{"class":77},[71,106275,82],{"class":81},[71,106277,799],{"class":89},[71,106279,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106281,128],{"class":127},[71,106283,90],{"class":89},[71,106285,735],{"class":85},[71,106287,90],{"class":89},[71,106289,2804],{"class":133},[71,106291,204],{"class":89},[350,106293,106295,106296],{"id":106294},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106297,106298],{},"set(5)",[20,106300,106301,106303],{},[15,106302,4128],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[62,106305,106307],{"className":64,"code":106306,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set(5)\n",[15,106308,106309],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106310,106311,106313,106315,106317],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106312,6624],{"class":85},[71,106314,90],{"class":89},[71,106316,2466],{"class":117},[71,106318,121],{"class":89},[20,106320,3334,106321,106323,106324,60],{},[15,106322,3337],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[56,106325,106327],{"href":106326},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[350,106329,106331],{"id":106330},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106333,106334],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[62,106336,106338],{"className":64,"code":106337,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106339,106340],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106341,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356,106358,106360,106362,106364],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106343,2778],{"class":77},[71,106345,82],{"class":81},[71,106347,99758],{"class":89},[71,106349,3320],{"class":117},[71,106351,109],{"class":89},[71,106353,183],{"class":117},[71,106355,18177],{"class":89},[71,106357,1740],{"class":89},[71,106359,640],{"class":117},[71,106361,109],{"class":89},[71,106363,2788],{"class":117},[71,106365,13817],{"class":89},[350,106367,8794,106369,106371],{"id":106368},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106370,4128],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106373,106374],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[350,106376,37331,106378,9046,106380,3209,106382],{"id":106377},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106379,4128],{},[15,106381,24899],{},[15,106383,17],{},[20,106385,106386],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[288,106388,60847],{"id":60846},[20,106390,2090],{},[62,106392,106394],{"className":64,"code":106393,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106395,106396,106411,106421,106435],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106397,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406,106409],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106399,128],{"class":127},[71,106401,90],{"class":89},[71,106403,735],{"class":85},[71,106405,90],{"class":89},[71,106407,106408],{"class":133},"my_value",[71,106410,204],{"class":89},[71,106412,106413,106415,106417,106419],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106414,128],{"class":127},[71,106416,90],{"class":89},[71,106418,106408],{"class":133},[71,106420,121],{"class":89},[71,106422,106423,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,106424,128],{"class":127},[71,106426,90],{"class":89},[71,106428,8433],{"class":85},[71,106430,90],{"class":89},[71,106432,15779],{"class":133},[71,106434,204],{"class":89},[71,106436,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,106438,128],{"class":127},[71,106440,90],{"class":89},[71,106442,2139],{"class":127},[71,106444,90],{"class":89},[71,106446,15779],{"class":133},[71,106448,204],{"class":89},[20,106450,106451],{},"What they help you see:",[40,106453,106454,106460,106465,106471],{},[43,106455,106456,106459],{},[15,106457,106458],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[43,106461,106462,90687],{},[15,106463,106464],{},"print(my_value)",[43,106466,106467,106470],{},[15,106468,106469],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[43,106472,106473,106476],{},[15,106474,106475],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[288,106478,2163],{"id":2162},[350,106480,106482],{"id":106481},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106484,106485],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[350,106487,106489],{"id":106488},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106491,283,106492,106494,106495,106497],{},[15,106493,4128],{},". Do not use ",[15,106496,805],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[350,106499,106501],{"id":106500},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106503,106504],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[350,106506,106508],{"id":106507},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106510,106511],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106513,2537],{},[62,106515,106517],{"className":64,"code":106516,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106518,106519],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106520,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106522,128],{"class":127},[71,106524,90],{"class":89},[71,106526,6624],{"class":85},[71,106528,90],{"class":89},[71,106530,3184],{"class":99},[71,106532,4414],{"class":103},[71,106534,3184],{"class":99},[71,106536,204],{"class":89},[20,106538,30150],{},[62,106540,106542],{"className":64,"code":106541,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106543,106544],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106545,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106547,219],{"class":89},[71,106549,100],{"class":99},[71,106551,56],{"class":103},[71,106553,100],{"class":99},[71,106555,109],{"class":89},[71,106557,231],{"class":99},[71,106559,20],{"class":103},[71,106561,100],{"class":99},[71,106563,109],{"class":89},[71,106565,231],{"class":99},[71,106567,60593],{"class":103},[71,106569,100],{"class":99},[71,106571,109],{"class":89},[71,106573,231],{"class":99},[71,106575,60584],{"class":103},[71,106577,100],{"class":99},[71,106579,252],{"class":89},[350,106581,2196,106583,106586],{"id":106582},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106584,106585],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106588,106589,28805,106591,106594],{},[15,106590,4128],{},[30,106592,106593],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106596,106597],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[62,106599,106601],{"className":64,"code":106600,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106602,106603],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106604,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623,106625,106627],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106606,128],{"class":127},[71,106608,90],{"class":89},[71,106610,6624],{"class":85},[71,106612,3317],{"class":89},[71,106614,3320],{"class":117},[71,106616,109],{"class":89},[71,106618,183],{"class":117},[71,106620,109],{"class":89},[71,106622,701],{"class":117},[71,106624,109],{"class":89},[71,106626,2788],{"class":117},[71,106628,3331],{"class":89},[288,106630,2221],{"id":2220},[40,106632,106633,106637,106641,106645,106649],{},[43,106634,106635],{},[56,106636,96469],{"href":96468},[43,106638,106639],{},[56,106640,104633],{"href":96472},[43,106642,106643],{},[56,106644,100485],{"href":105484},[43,106646,106647],{},[56,106648,105191],{"href":64985},[43,106650,106651],{},[56,106652,106327],{"href":106326},[2250,106654,106655],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":106657},[106658,106659,106660,106661,106662,106668,106669,106670,106678,106688,106689,106697],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":104809,"depth":124,"text":104810},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":105194,"depth":124,"text":105195},{"id":105381,"depth":124,"text":105382,"children":106663},[106664,106665,106666,106667],{"id":105385,"depth":139,"text":105386},{"id":105487,"depth":139,"text":105488},{"id":105571,"depth":139,"text":105572},{"id":105663,"depth":139,"text":105664},{"id":105731,"depth":124,"text":105732},{"id":105945,"depth":124,"text":105946},{"id":106054,"depth":124,"text":106055,"children":106671},[106672,106674,106676],{"id":106061,"depth":139,"text":106673},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106114,"depth":139,"text":106675},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106179,"depth":139,"text":106677},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":106679},[106680,106681,106683,106684,106686],{"id":100018,"depth":139,"text":100526},{"id":106294,"depth":139,"text":106682},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106330,"depth":139,"text":106331},{"id":106368,"depth":139,"text":106685},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106377,"depth":139,"text":106687},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60846,"depth":124,"text":60847},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":106690},[106691,106692,106693,106694,106695],{"id":106481,"depth":139,"text":106482},{"id":106488,"depth":139,"text":106489},{"id":106500,"depth":139,"text":106501},{"id":106507,"depth":139,"text":106508},{"id":106582,"depth":139,"text":106696},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104691,"description":106698},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106705,"title":106706,"body":106707,"description":108222,"extension":2292,"meta":108223,"navigation":142,"path":108224,"seo":108225,"stem":108226,"__hash__":108227},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106708,"toc":108198},[106709,106715,106720,106723,106806,106811,106816,106821,106823,106836,106840,106842,106861,106864,106887,106890,106901,106903,106984,106986,107003,107005,107011,107014,107109,107111,107142,107144,107152,107154,107157,107268,107270,107295,107297,107319,107324,107329,107335,107444,107446,107462,107465,107468,107551,107553,107570,107578,107580,107584,107590,107681,107683,107716,107721,107728,107805,107807,107824,107830,107832,107836,107852,107855,107881,107883,107944,107946,108069,108071,108122,108128,108130,108135,108137,108143,108146,108150,108153,108157,108160,108170,108172,108195],[10,106710,13,106712,11428],{"id":106711},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106713,106714],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106716,2309,106717,106719],{},[15,106718,106714],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106721,106722],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[62,106724,106726],{"className":64,"code":106725,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106727,106728,106748,106768,106772,106791,106801],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106729,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106731,2886],{"class":77},[71,106733,82],{"class":81},[71,106735,1456],{"class":89},[71,106737,3320],{"class":117},[71,106739,109],{"class":89},[71,106741,183],{"class":117},[71,106743,109],{"class":89},[71,106745,701],{"class":117},[71,106747,252],{"class":89},[71,106749,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106751,2913],{"class":77},[71,106753,82],{"class":81},[71,106755,1456],{"class":89},[71,106757,630],{"class":117},[71,106759,109],{"class":89},[71,106761,701],{"class":117},[71,106763,109],{"class":89},[71,106765,2788],{"class":117},[71,106767,252],{"class":89},[71,106769,106770],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,106771,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,106773,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782,106785,106787,106789],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,106775,1102],{"class":77},[71,106777,82],{"class":81},[71,106779,57023],{"class":77},[71,106781,60],{"class":89},[71,106783,106784],{"class":133},"intersection",[71,106786,90],{"class":89},[71,106788,176],{"class":133},[71,106790,121],{"class":89},[71,106792,106793,106795,106797,106799],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,106794,128],{"class":127},[71,106796,90],{"class":89},[71,106798,2594],{"class":133},[71,106800,121],{"class":89},[71,106802,106803],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,106804,106805],{"class":1439},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106807,283,106808,106810],{},[15,106809,102932],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[288,106812,13106,106814,13109],{"id":106813},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106815,102932],{},[20,106817,106818,106820],{},[15,106819,102932],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106822,13162],{},[40,106824,106825,106828,106830,106833],{},[43,106826,106827],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[43,106829,100702],{},[43,106831,106832],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[43,106834,106835],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106837,96465,106838,60],{},[56,106839,96469],{"href":96468},[288,106841,343],{"id":342},[62,106843,106845],{"className":64,"code":106844,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106846,106847],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106848,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106850,100726],{"class":77},[71,106852,60],{"class":89},[71,106854,106784],{"class":133},[71,106856,90],{"class":89},[71,106858,100735],{"class":133},[71,106860,121],{"class":89},[20,106862,106863],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[62,106865,106867],{"className":64,"code":106866,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106868,106869],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106870,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106872,100726],{"class":77},[71,106874,60],{"class":89},[71,106876,106784],{"class":133},[71,106878,90],{"class":89},[71,106880,100735],{"class":133},[71,106882,109],{"class":89},[71,106884,100762],{"class":133},[71,106886,121],{"class":89},[20,106888,106889],{},"Important notes:",[40,106891,106892,106895,106898],{},[43,106893,106894],{},"The result is always a new set",[43,106896,106897],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[43,106899,106900],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106902,2537],{},[62,106904,106906],{"className":64,"code":106905,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106907,106908,106932,106952,106956,106974],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106909,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926,106928,106930],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106911,2886],{"class":77},[71,106913,82],{"class":81},[71,106915,1456],{"class":89},[71,106917,3320],{"class":117},[71,106919,109],{"class":89},[71,106921,183],{"class":117},[71,106923,109],{"class":89},[71,106925,701],{"class":117},[71,106927,109],{"class":89},[71,106929,2788],{"class":117},[71,106931,252],{"class":89},[71,106933,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948,106950],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,106935,2913],{"class":77},[71,106937,82],{"class":81},[71,106939,1456],{"class":89},[71,106941,640],{"class":117},[71,106943,109],{"class":89},[71,106945,2788],{"class":117},[71,106947,109],{"class":89},[71,106949,4941],{"class":117},[71,106951,252],{"class":89},[71,106953,106954],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,106955,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,106957,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,106959,1102],{"class":77},[71,106961,82],{"class":81},[71,106963,57023],{"class":77},[71,106965,60],{"class":89},[71,106967,106784],{"class":133},[71,106969,90],{"class":89},[71,106971,176],{"class":133},[71,106973,121],{"class":89},[71,106975,106976,106978,106980,106982],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,106977,128],{"class":127},[71,106979,90],{"class":89},[71,106981,2594],{"class":133},[71,106983,121],{"class":89},[20,106985,209],{},[62,106987,106989],{"className":64,"code":106988,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106990,106991],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,106992,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,106994,219],{"class":89},[71,106996,640],{"class":117},[71,106998,109],{"class":89},[71,107000,2788],{"class":117},[71,107002,252],{"class":89},[288,107004,17533],{"id":17532},[20,107006,107007,22092,107009,60],{},[15,107008,102932],{},[30,107010,6624],{},[20,107012,107013],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[62,107015,107017],{"className":64,"code":107016,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107018,107019,107039,107059,107063,107081,107085,107095],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107020,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107022,2886],{"class":77},[71,107024,82],{"class":81},[71,107026,1456],{"class":89},[71,107028,3320],{"class":117},[71,107030,109],{"class":89},[71,107032,183],{"class":117},[71,107034,109],{"class":89},[71,107036,701],{"class":117},[71,107038,252],{"class":89},[71,107040,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055,107057],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107042,2913],{"class":77},[71,107044,82],{"class":81},[71,107046,1456],{"class":89},[71,107048,630],{"class":117},[71,107050,109],{"class":89},[71,107052,701],{"class":117},[71,107054,109],{"class":89},[71,107056,2788],{"class":117},[71,107058,252],{"class":89},[71,107060,107061],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,107062,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107064,107065,107067,107069,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,107066,1102],{"class":77},[71,107068,82],{"class":81},[71,107070,57023],{"class":77},[71,107072,60],{"class":89},[71,107074,106784],{"class":133},[71,107076,90],{"class":89},[71,107078,176],{"class":133},[71,107080,121],{"class":89},[71,107082,107083],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,107084,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107086,107087,107089,107091,107093],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,107088,128],{"class":127},[71,107090,90],{"class":89},[71,107092,2594],{"class":133},[71,107094,121],{"class":89},[71,107096,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105,107107],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,107098,128],{"class":127},[71,107100,90],{"class":89},[71,107102,735],{"class":85},[71,107104,90],{"class":89},[71,107106,2594],{"class":133},[71,107108,204],{"class":89},[20,107110,209],{},[62,107112,107114],{"className":64,"code":107113,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107115,107116,107128],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107117,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107119,219],{"class":89},[71,107121,630],{"class":117},[71,107123,109],{"class":89},[71,107125,701],{"class":117},[71,107127,252],{"class":89},[71,107129,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107131,765],{"class":81},[71,107133,769],{"class":768},[71,107135,231],{"class":99},[71,107137,6624],{"class":103},[71,107139,100],{"class":99},[71,107141,778],{"class":81},[20,107143,85950],{},[40,107145,107146,107149],{},[43,107147,107148],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[43,107150,107151],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[288,107153,11582],{"id":11581},[20,107155,107156],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[62,107158,107160],{"className":64,"code":107159,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107161,107162,107195,107228,107232,107253,107257],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107163,107164,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107165,107166],{"class":77},"colors1 ",[71,107168,82],{"class":81},[71,107170,1456],{"class":89},[71,107172,3184],{"class":99},[71,107174,13203],{"class":103},[71,107176,3184],{"class":99},[71,107178,109],{"class":89},[71,107180,3683],{"class":99},[71,107182,13220],{"class":103},[71,107184,3184],{"class":99},[71,107186,109],{"class":89},[71,107188,3683],{"class":99},[71,107190,17570],{"class":103},[71,107192,3184],{"class":99},[71,107194,252],{"class":89},[71,107196,107197,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107198,107199],{"class":77},"colors2 ",[71,107201,82],{"class":81},[71,107203,1456],{"class":89},[71,107205,3184],{"class":99},[71,107207,17570],{"class":103},[71,107209,3184],{"class":99},[71,107211,109],{"class":89},[71,107213,3683],{"class":99},[71,107215,22641],{"class":103},[71,107217,3184],{"class":99},[71,107219,109],{"class":89},[71,107221,3683],{"class":99},[71,107223,13220],{"class":103},[71,107225,3184],{"class":99},[71,107227,252],{"class":89},[71,107229,107230],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,107231,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107233,107234,107237,107239,107242,107244,107246,107248,107251],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,107235,107236],{"class":77},"common_colors ",[71,107238,82],{"class":81},[71,107240,107241],{"class":77}," colors1",[71,107243,60],{"class":89},[71,107245,106784],{"class":133},[71,107247,90],{"class":89},[71,107249,107250],{"class":133},"colors2",[71,107252,121],{"class":89},[71,107254,107255],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,107256,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107258,107259,107261,107263,107266],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,107260,128],{"class":127},[71,107262,90],{"class":89},[71,107264,107265],{"class":133},"common_colors",[71,107267,121],{"class":89},[20,107269,209],{},[62,107271,107273],{"className":64,"code":107272,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107274,107275],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107276,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107278,219],{"class":89},[71,107280,100],{"class":99},[71,107282,13220],{"class":103},[71,107284,100],{"class":99},[71,107286,109],{"class":89},[71,107288,231],{"class":99},[71,107290,17570],{"class":103},[71,107292,100],{"class":99},[71,107294,252],{"class":89},[20,107296,11791],{},[40,107298,107299,107305,107309,107314],{},[43,107300,107301,107304],{},[15,107302,107303],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[43,107306,107307,107304],{},[15,107308,107250],{},[43,107310,107311,107313],{},[15,107312,102932],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[43,107315,107316,107317],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107318,107265],{},[288,107320,8758,107322,101299],{"id":107321},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107323,102932],{},[20,107325,107326,107327,60],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107328,102932],{},[20,107330,107331,107332,107334],{},"Only the values found in ",[30,107333,4047],{}," inputs will be kept.",[62,107336,107338],{"className":64,"code":107337,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107339,107340,107364,107388,107408,107412,107434],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107341,107342,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107343,2886],{"class":77},[71,107345,82],{"class":81},[71,107347,1456],{"class":89},[71,107349,3320],{"class":117},[71,107351,109],{"class":89},[71,107353,183],{"class":117},[71,107355,109],{"class":89},[71,107357,701],{"class":117},[71,107359,109],{"class":89},[71,107361,2788],{"class":117},[71,107363,252],{"class":89},[71,107365,107366,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107367,2913],{"class":77},[71,107369,82],{"class":81},[71,107371,1456],{"class":89},[71,107373,630],{"class":117},[71,107375,109],{"class":89},[71,107377,701],{"class":117},[71,107379,109],{"class":89},[71,107381,2788],{"class":117},[71,107383,109],{"class":89},[71,107385,4941],{"class":117},[71,107387,252],{"class":89},[71,107389,107390,107392,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,107391,83324],{"class":77},[71,107393,82],{"class":81},[71,107395,1456],{"class":89},[71,107397,640],{"class":117},[71,107399,109],{"class":89},[71,107401,2788],{"class":117},[71,107403,109],{"class":89},[71,107405,37771],{"class":117},[71,107407,252],{"class":89},[71,107409,107410],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,107411,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107413,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,107415,1102],{"class":77},[71,107417,82],{"class":81},[71,107419,57023],{"class":77},[71,107421,60],{"class":89},[71,107423,106784],{"class":133},[71,107425,90],{"class":89},[71,107427,176],{"class":133},[71,107429,109],{"class":89},[71,107431,635],{"class":133},[71,107433,121],{"class":89},[71,107435,107436,107438,107440,107442],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,107437,128],{"class":127},[71,107439,90],{"class":89},[71,107441,2594],{"class":133},[71,107443,121],{"class":89},[20,107445,209],{},[62,107447,107448],{"className":64,"code":106988,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,107449,107450],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107451,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107453,219],{"class":89},[71,107455,640],{"class":117},[71,107457,109],{"class":89},[71,107459,2788],{"class":117},[71,107461,252],{"class":89},[20,107463,107464],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107466,107467],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[62,107469,107471],{"className":64,"code":107470,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107472,107473,107497,107501,107541],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107474,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107476,2886],{"class":77},[71,107478,82],{"class":81},[71,107480,1456],{"class":89},[71,107482,3320],{"class":117},[71,107484,109],{"class":89},[71,107486,183],{"class":117},[71,107488,109],{"class":89},[71,107490,701],{"class":117},[71,107492,109],{"class":89},[71,107494,2788],{"class":117},[71,107496,252],{"class":89},[71,107498,107499],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107500,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107502,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531,107533,107535,107537,107539],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,107504,1102],{"class":77},[71,107506,82],{"class":81},[71,107508,57023],{"class":77},[71,107510,60],{"class":89},[71,107512,106784],{"class":133},[71,107514,3317],{"class":89},[71,107516,630],{"class":117},[71,107518,109],{"class":89},[71,107520,2788],{"class":117},[71,107522,109],{"class":89},[71,107524,37771],{"class":117},[71,107526,18177],{"class":89},[71,107528,171],{"class":89},[71,107530,3320],{"class":117},[71,107532,109],{"class":89},[71,107534,183],{"class":117},[71,107536,109],{"class":89},[71,107538,2788],{"class":117},[71,107540,204],{"class":89},[71,107542,107543,107545,107547,107549],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,107544,128],{"class":127},[71,107546,90],{"class":89},[71,107548,2594],{"class":133},[71,107550,121],{"class":89},[20,107552,209],{},[62,107554,107556],{"className":64,"code":107555,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107557,107558],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107559,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107561,219],{"class":89},[71,107563,630],{"class":117},[71,107565,109],{"class":89},[71,107567,2788],{"class":117},[71,107569,252],{"class":89},[288,107571,107573,1552,107575],{"id":107572},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107574,102932],{},[15,107576,107577],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107579,101469],{},[350,107581,107582],{"id":106784},[15,107583,102932],{},[40,107585,107586,107588],{},[43,107587,101478],{},[43,107589,101481],{},[62,107591,107593],{"className":64,"code":107592,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107594,107595,107615,107635,107639,107657,107661,107671],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107596,107597,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107598,2886],{"class":77},[71,107600,82],{"class":81},[71,107602,1456],{"class":89},[71,107604,3320],{"class":117},[71,107606,109],{"class":89},[71,107608,183],{"class":117},[71,107610,109],{"class":89},[71,107612,701],{"class":117},[71,107614,252],{"class":89},[71,107616,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107618,2913],{"class":77},[71,107620,82],{"class":81},[71,107622,1456],{"class":89},[71,107624,630],{"class":117},[71,107626,109],{"class":89},[71,107628,701],{"class":117},[71,107630,109],{"class":89},[71,107632,2788],{"class":117},[71,107634,252],{"class":89},[71,107636,107637],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,107638,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107640,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653,107655],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,107642,1102],{"class":77},[71,107644,82],{"class":81},[71,107646,57023],{"class":77},[71,107648,60],{"class":89},[71,107650,106784],{"class":133},[71,107652,90],{"class":89},[71,107654,176],{"class":133},[71,107656,121],{"class":89},[71,107658,107659],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,107660,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107662,107663,107665,107667,107669],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,107664,128],{"class":127},[71,107666,90],{"class":89},[71,107668,56],{"class":133},[71,107670,121],{"class":89},[71,107672,107673,107675,107677,107679],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,107674,128],{"class":127},[71,107676,90],{"class":89},[71,107678,2594],{"class":133},[71,107680,121],{"class":89},[20,107682,209],{},[62,107684,107686],{"className":64,"code":107685,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107687,107688,107704],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107689,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107691,219],{"class":89},[71,107693,3320],{"class":117},[71,107695,109],{"class":89},[71,107697,183],{"class":117},[71,107699,109],{"class":89},[71,107701,701],{"class":117},[71,107703,252],{"class":89},[71,107705,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107707,219],{"class":89},[71,107709,630],{"class":117},[71,107711,109],{"class":89},[71,107713,701],{"class":117},[71,107715,252],{"class":89},[350,107717,107719],{"id":107718},"intersection_update",[15,107720,107577],{},[40,107722,107723,107725],{},[43,107724,101621],{},[43,107726,107727],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[62,107729,107731],{"className":64,"code":107730,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107732,107733,107753,107773,107777,107791,107795],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107734,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107736,2886],{"class":77},[71,107738,82],{"class":81},[71,107740,1456],{"class":89},[71,107742,3320],{"class":117},[71,107744,109],{"class":89},[71,107746,183],{"class":117},[71,107748,109],{"class":89},[71,107750,701],{"class":117},[71,107752,252],{"class":89},[71,107754,107755,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107756,2913],{"class":77},[71,107758,82],{"class":81},[71,107760,1456],{"class":89},[71,107762,630],{"class":117},[71,107764,109],{"class":89},[71,107766,701],{"class":117},[71,107768,109],{"class":89},[71,107770,2788],{"class":117},[71,107772,252],{"class":89},[71,107774,107775],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,107776,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107778,107779,107781,107783,107785,107787,107789],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,107780,56],{"class":77},[71,107782,60],{"class":89},[71,107784,107718],{"class":133},[71,107786,90],{"class":89},[71,107788,176],{"class":133},[71,107790,121],{"class":89},[71,107792,107793],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,107794,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,107796,107797,107799,107801,107803],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,107798,128],{"class":127},[71,107800,90],{"class":89},[71,107802,56],{"class":133},[71,107804,121],{"class":89},[20,107806,209],{},[62,107808,107810],{"className":64,"code":107809,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107811,107812],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107813,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107815,219],{"class":89},[71,107817,630],{"class":117},[71,107819,109],{"class":89},[71,107821,701],{"class":117},[71,107823,252],{"class":89},[20,107825,107826,107827,107829],{},"Choose ",[15,107828,102932],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[288,107831,4855],{"id":4854},[20,107833,14845,107834,228],{},[15,107835,102932],{},[40,107837,107838,107841,107844,107847],{},[43,107839,107840],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[43,107842,107843],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[43,107845,107846],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[43,107848,107849,107850],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107851,102932],{},[20,107853,107854],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[40,107856,107857,107862,107865,107878],{},[43,107858,8758,107859,107861],{},[15,107860,102932],{}," when order matters",[43,107863,107864],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[43,107866,37331,107867,9046,107869,3209,107874],{},[15,107868,102932],{},[56,107870,107872],{"href":107871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107873,102940],{},[56,107875,107876],{"href":102981},[15,107877,100555],{},[43,107879,107880],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107882,30256],{},[62,107884,107886],{"className":64,"code":107885,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107887,107888,107898,107912,107930],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107889,107890,107892,107894,107896],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107891,128],{"class":127},[71,107893,90],{"class":89},[71,107895,15779],{"class":133},[71,107897,121],{"class":89},[71,107899,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107901,128],{"class":127},[71,107903,90],{"class":89},[71,107905,735],{"class":85},[71,107907,90],{"class":89},[71,107909,2594],{"class":133},[71,107911,204],{"class":89},[71,107913,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,107915,128],{"class":127},[71,107917,90],{"class":89},[71,107919,100726],{"class":133},[71,107921,60],{"class":89},[71,107923,106784],{"class":133},[71,107925,90],{"class":89},[71,107927,100735],{"class":133},[71,107929,204],{"class":89},[71,107931,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,107933,128],{"class":127},[71,107935,90],{"class":89},[71,107937,2139],{"class":127},[71,107939,90],{"class":89},[71,107941,2594],{"class":133},[71,107943,204],{"class":89},[20,107945,2537],{},[62,107947,107949],{"className":64,"code":107948,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107950,107951,107975,107995,107999,108017,108021,108031,108041,108055],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,107952,107953,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971,107973],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,107954,3950],{"class":77},[71,107956,82],{"class":81},[71,107958,1456],{"class":89},[71,107960,3320],{"class":117},[71,107962,109],{"class":89},[71,107964,183],{"class":117},[71,107966,109],{"class":89},[71,107968,183],{"class":117},[71,107970,109],{"class":89},[71,107972,701],{"class":117},[71,107974,252],{"class":89},[71,107976,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,107978,43680],{"class":77},[71,107980,82],{"class":81},[71,107982,1456],{"class":89},[71,107984,630],{"class":117},[71,107986,109],{"class":89},[71,107988,701],{"class":117},[71,107990,109],{"class":89},[71,107992,2788],{"class":117},[71,107994,252],{"class":89},[71,107996,107997],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,107998,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,108000,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,108002,1102],{"class":77},[71,108004,82],{"class":81},[71,108006,4599],{"class":77},[71,108008,60],{"class":89},[71,108010,106784],{"class":133},[71,108012,90],{"class":89},[71,108014,30864],{"class":133},[71,108016,121],{"class":89},[71,108018,108019],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,108020,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,108022,108023,108025,108027,108029],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,108024,128],{"class":127},[71,108026,90],{"class":89},[71,108028,3980],{"class":133},[71,108030,121],{"class":89},[71,108032,108033,108035,108037,108039],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,108034,128],{"class":127},[71,108036,90],{"class":89},[71,108038,2594],{"class":133},[71,108040,121],{"class":89},[71,108042,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,108044,128],{"class":127},[71,108046,90],{"class":89},[71,108048,735],{"class":85},[71,108050,90],{"class":89},[71,108052,2594],{"class":133},[71,108054,204],{"class":89},[71,108056,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,108058,128],{"class":127},[71,108060,90],{"class":89},[71,108062,2139],{"class":127},[71,108064,90],{"class":89},[71,108066,2594],{"class":133},[71,108068,204],{"class":89},[20,108070,209],{},[62,108072,108074],{"className":64,"code":108073,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108075,108076,108092,108104,108118],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108077,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086,108088,108090],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108079,219],{"class":89},[71,108081,3320],{"class":117},[71,108083,109],{"class":89},[71,108085,183],{"class":117},[71,108087,109],{"class":89},[71,108089,701],{"class":117},[71,108091,252],{"class":89},[71,108093,108094,108096,108098,108100,108102],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108095,219],{"class":89},[71,108097,630],{"class":117},[71,108099,109],{"class":89},[71,108101,701],{"class":117},[71,108103,252],{"class":89},[71,108105,108106,108108,108110,108112,108114,108116],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,108107,765],{"class":81},[71,108109,769],{"class":768},[71,108111,231],{"class":99},[71,108113,6624],{"class":103},[71,108115,100],{"class":99},[71,108117,778],{"class":81},[71,108119,108120],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,108121,17170],{"class":117},[20,108123,108124,108125,108127],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108126,630],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[288,108129,2163],{"id":2162},[350,108131,12813,108133,102880],{"id":108132},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108134,102932],{},[20,108136,102883],{},[350,108138,2184,108140,108142],{"id":108139},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108141,102932],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108144,108145],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[350,108147,108149],{"id":108148},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108151,108152],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[350,108154,108156],{"id":108155},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108158,108159],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[62,108161,108162],{"className":64,"code":97599,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,108163,108164],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108165,108166,108168],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108167,6624],{"class":85},[71,108169,369],{"class":89},[288,108171,2221],{"id":2220},[40,108173,108174,108178,108185,108191],{},[43,108175,108176],{},[56,108177,96469],{"href":96468},[43,108179,108180],{},[56,108181,13,108182,1709],{"href":107871},[15,108183,108184],{},"set.union()",[43,108186,108187],{},[56,108188,13,108189,1709],{"href":102981},[15,108190,100560],{},[43,108192,108193],{},[56,108194,100485],{"href":105484},[2250,108196,108197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":108199},[108200,108202,108203,108204,108205,108207,108212,108213,108221],{"id":106813,"depth":124,"text":108201},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":107321,"depth":124,"text":108206},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107572,"depth":124,"text":108208,"children":108209},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108210,108211],{"id":106784,"depth":139,"text":102932},{"id":107718,"depth":139,"text":107577},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":108214},[108215,108217,108219,108220],{"id":108132,"depth":139,"text":108216},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108139,"depth":139,"text":108218},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108148,"depth":139,"text":108149},{"id":108155,"depth":139,"text":108156},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106706,"description":108222},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108229,"title":108230,"body":108231,"description":109467,"extension":2292,"meta":109468,"navigation":142,"path":109469,"seo":109470,"stem":109471,"__hash__":109472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108232,"toc":109434},[108233,108238,108244,108253,108255,108330,108335,108350,108360,108365,108369,108382,108386,108388,108403,108405,108421,108423,108498,108502,108505,108507,108524,108529,108584,108589,108601,108605,108608,108709,108711,108752,108755,108759,108766,108768,108793,108796,108814,108821,108827,108830,108912,108919,108922,109002,109011,109014,109019,109023,109037,109086,109091,109095,109106,109155,109166,109171,109175,109187,109236,109247,109249,109253,109276,109278,109335,109337,109351,109353,109359,109365,109371,109380,109384,109391,109395,109403,109405,109431],[10,108234,96341,108236,11428],{"id":108235},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108237,12872],{},[20,108239,108240,108243],{},[15,108241,108242],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108245,108246,108247,108249,108250,108252],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[30,108248,4967],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108251,12872],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[288,108254,2334],{"id":2333},[62,108256,108258],{"className":64,"code":108257,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108259,108260,108292,108306,108310,108320],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108261,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278,108280,108282,108284,108286,108288,108290],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108263,1735],{"class":77},[71,108265,82],{"class":81},[71,108267,1456],{"class":89},[71,108269,3184],{"class":99},[71,108271,4414],{"class":103},[71,108273,3184],{"class":99},[71,108275,109],{"class":89},[71,108277,3683],{"class":99},[71,108279,4423],{"class":103},[71,108281,3184],{"class":99},[71,108283,109],{"class":89},[71,108285,3683],{"class":99},[71,108287,4432],{"class":103},[71,108289,3184],{"class":99},[71,108291,252],{"class":89},[71,108293,108294,108296,108298,108300,108302,108304],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108295,70072],{"class":77},[71,108297,82],{"class":81},[71,108299,6302],{"class":77},[71,108301,60],{"class":89},[71,108303,26360],{"class":133},[71,108305,369],{"class":89},[71,108307,108308],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,108309,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,108311,108312,108314,108316,108318],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,108313,128],{"class":127},[71,108315,90],{"class":89},[71,108317,70095],{"class":133},[71,108319,121],{"class":89},[71,108321,108322,108324,108326,108328],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,108323,128],{"class":127},[71,108325,90],{"class":89},[71,108327,1770],{"class":133},[71,108329,121],{"class":89},[20,108331,108332],{},[30,108333,108334],{},"What this does:",[40,108336,108337,108342,108347],{},[43,108338,108339,108340],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108341,1770],{},[43,108343,108344,108345],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108346,70095],{},[43,108348,108349],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108351,108352,89101,108354,108356,108357,108359],{},[30,108353,83959],{},[15,108355,108242],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[30,108358,4967],{}," chosen by index.",[288,108361,291,108363,294],{"id":108362},"what-setpop-does",[15,108364,108242],{},[20,108366,108367,228],{},[15,108368,108242],{},[40,108370,108371,108373,108376,108379],{},[43,108372,103183],{},[43,108374,108375],{},"Returns the removed item",[43,108377,108378],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[43,108380,108381],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108383,96465,108384,60],{},[56,108385,96469],{"href":97640},[288,108387,343],{"id":342},[62,108389,108391],{"className":64,"code":108390,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108392,108393],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108394,108395,108397,108399,108401],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108396,15779],{"class":77},[71,108398,60],{"class":89},[71,108400,26360],{"class":133},[71,108402,369],{"class":89},[20,108404,13162],{},[40,108406,108407,108413,108418],{},[43,108408,108409,108410],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108411,108412],{},"my_set.pop()",[43,108414,108415,108416],{},"It takes ",[30,108417,28808],{},[43,108419,108420],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108422,2537],{},[62,108424,108426],{"className":64,"code":108425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108427,108428,108460,108474,108478,108488],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108429,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450,108452,108454,108456,108458],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108431,13186],{"class":77},[71,108433,82],{"class":81},[71,108435,1456],{"class":89},[71,108437,3184],{"class":99},[71,108439,13203],{"class":103},[71,108441,3184],{"class":99},[71,108443,109],{"class":89},[71,108445,3683],{"class":99},[71,108447,13220],{"class":103},[71,108449,3184],{"class":99},[71,108451,109],{"class":89},[71,108453,3683],{"class":99},[71,108455,17570],{"class":103},[71,108457,3184],{"class":99},[71,108459,252],{"class":89},[71,108461,108462,108464,108466,108468,108470,108472],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108463,28658],{"class":77},[71,108465,82],{"class":81},[71,108467,13234],{"class":77},[71,108469,60],{"class":89},[71,108471,26360],{"class":133},[71,108473,369],{"class":89},[71,108475,108476],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,108477,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,108479,108480,108482,108484,108486],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,108481,128],{"class":127},[71,108483,90],{"class":89},[71,108485,23428],{"class":133},[71,108487,121],{"class":89},[71,108489,108490,108492,108494,108496],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,108491,128],{"class":127},[71,108493,90],{"class":89},[71,108495,17617],{"class":133},[71,108497,121],{"class":89},[288,108499,108501],{"id":108500},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108503,108504],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108506,2436],{},[40,108508,108509,108515,108518],{},[43,108510,108511,108512,108514],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108513,12872],{}," removes",[43,108516,108517],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[43,108519,108520,108521,108523],{},"You should not use ",[15,108522,12872],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108525,1425,108526,108528],{},[30,108527,4967],{}," valid:",[62,108530,108532],{"className":64,"code":108531,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108533,108534,108566],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108535,108536,108538,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108537,36365],{"class":77},[71,108539,82],{"class":81},[71,108541,1456],{"class":89},[71,108543,3184],{"class":99},[71,108545,4414],{"class":103},[71,108547,3184],{"class":99},[71,108549,109],{"class":89},[71,108551,3683],{"class":99},[71,108553,4423],{"class":103},[71,108555,3184],{"class":99},[71,108557,109],{"class":89},[71,108559,3683],{"class":99},[71,108561,4432],{"class":103},[71,108563,3184],{"class":99},[71,108565,252],{"class":89},[71,108567,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578,108580,108582],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108569,36417],{"class":77},[71,108571,60],{"class":89},[71,108573,26360],{"class":133},[71,108575,90],{"class":89},[71,108577,3184],{"class":99},[71,108579,4414],{"class":103},[71,108581,3184],{"class":99},[71,108583,121],{"class":89},[20,108585,39782,108586,108588],{},[15,108587,108242],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108590,108591,108592,3209,108596,60],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[56,108593,108594],{"href":98350},[15,108595,103009],{},[56,108597,108599],{"href":108598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108600,103000],{},[288,108602,108604],{"id":108603},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108606,108607],{},"Here is a simple example:",[62,108609,108611],{"className":64,"code":108610,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108612,108613,108647,108651,108667,108671,108690],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108614,108615,108618,108620,108622,108624,108626,108628,108630,108632,108634,108636,108638,108640,108643,108645],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108616,108617],{"class":77},"animals ",[71,108619,82],{"class":81},[71,108621,1456],{"class":89},[71,108623,3184],{"class":99},[71,108625,37174],{"class":103},[71,108627,3184],{"class":99},[71,108629,109],{"class":89},[71,108631,3683],{"class":99},[71,108633,58263],{"class":103},[71,108635,3184],{"class":99},[71,108637,109],{"class":89},[71,108639,3683],{"class":99},[71,108641,108642],{"class":103},"rabbit",[71,108644,3184],{"class":99},[71,108646,252],{"class":89},[71,108648,108649],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108650,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,108652,108653,108656,108658,108661,108663,108665],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,108654,108655],{"class":77},"removed_animal ",[71,108657,82],{"class":81},[71,108659,108660],{"class":77}," animals",[71,108662,60],{"class":89},[71,108664,26360],{"class":133},[71,108666,369],{"class":89},[71,108668,108669],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,108670,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,108672,108673,108675,108677,108679,108681,108683,108685,108688],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,108674,128],{"class":127},[71,108676,90],{"class":89},[71,108678,3184],{"class":99},[71,108680,29076],{"class":103},[71,108682,3184],{"class":99},[71,108684,109],{"class":89},[71,108686,108687],{"class":133}," removed_animal",[71,108689,121],{"class":89},[71,108691,108692,108694,108696,108698,108701,108703,108705,108707],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,108693,128],{"class":127},[71,108695,90],{"class":89},[71,108697,3184],{"class":99},[71,108699,108700],{"class":103},"Updated set:",[71,108702,3184],{"class":99},[71,108704,109],{"class":89},[71,108706,108660],{"class":133},[71,108708,121],{"class":89},[20,108710,30150],{},[62,108712,108714],{"className":64,"code":108713,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108715,108716,108725],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108717,108718,108720,108722],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108719,29118],{"class":77},[71,108721,228],{"class":89},[71,108723,108724],{"class":77}," dog\n",[71,108726,108727,108730,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108728,108729],{"class":77},"Updated ",[71,108731,6624],{"class":85},[71,108733,228],{"class":89},[71,108735,1456],{"class":89},[71,108737,100],{"class":99},[71,108739,37174],{"class":103},[71,108741,100],{"class":99},[71,108743,109],{"class":89},[71,108745,231],{"class":99},[71,108747,108642],{"class":103},[71,108749,100],{"class":99},[71,108751,252],{"class":89},[20,108753,108754],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[288,108756,108758],{"id":108757},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108760,29770,108761,108763,108764,60],{},[15,108762,12872],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108765,19803],{},[20,108767,2537],{},[62,108769,108771],{"className":64,"code":108770,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108772,108773,108783],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108774,108775,108777,108779,108781],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108776,1735],{"class":77},[71,108778,82],{"class":81},[71,108780,15746],{"class":85},[71,108782,369],{"class":89},[71,108784,108785,108787,108789,108791],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108786,1770],{"class":77},[71,108788,60],{"class":89},[71,108790,26360],{"class":133},[71,108792,369],{"class":89},[20,108794,108795],{},"This raises:",[62,108797,108799],{"className":64,"code":108798,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108800,108801],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108802,108803,108805,108807,108809,108812],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108804,19803],{"class":85},[71,108806,228],{"class":89},[71,108808,231],{"class":99},[71,108810,108811],{"class":103},"pop from an empty set",[71,108813,29820],{"class":99},[20,108815,108816,108817,108820],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[56,108818,108819],{"href":2049},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[350,108822,108824,108825],{"id":108823},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108826,12872],{},[20,108828,108829],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[62,108831,108833],{"className":64,"code":108832,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108834,108835,108845,108849,108857,108872,108891,108897],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108836,108837,108839,108841,108843],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108838,1735],{"class":77},[71,108840,82],{"class":81},[71,108842,15746],{"class":85},[71,108844,369],{"class":89},[71,108846,108847],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108848,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,108850,108851,108853,108855],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,108852,7337],{"class":4209},[71,108854,6302],{"class":77},[71,108856,6731],{"class":89},[71,108858,108859,108862,108864,108866,108868,108870],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,108860,108861],{"class":77},"    removed ",[71,108863,82],{"class":81},[71,108865,6302],{"class":77},[71,108867,60],{"class":89},[71,108869,26360],{"class":133},[71,108871,369],{"class":89},[71,108873,108874,108876,108878,108880,108882,108884,108886,108889],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,108875,8408],{"class":127},[71,108877,90],{"class":89},[71,108879,3184],{"class":99},[71,108881,29076],{"class":103},[71,108883,3184],{"class":99},[71,108885,109],{"class":89},[71,108887,108888],{"class":133}," removed",[71,108890,121],{"class":89},[71,108892,108893,108895],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,108894,27553],{"class":4209},[71,108896,6731],{"class":89},[71,108898,108899,108901,108903,108905,108908,108910],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,108900,8408],{"class":127},[71,108902,90],{"class":89},[71,108904,3184],{"class":99},[71,108906,108907],{"class":103},"The set is empty.",[71,108909,3184],{"class":99},[71,108911,121],{"class":89},[350,108913,283,108915,1560,108917],{"id":108914},"use-try-and-except",[15,108916,29924],{},[15,108918,29955],{},[20,108920,108921],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[62,108923,108925],{"className":64,"code":108924,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108926,108927,108937,108941,108947,108961,108979,108987],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,108928,108929,108931,108933,108935],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,108930,1735],{"class":77},[71,108932,82],{"class":81},[71,108934,15746],{"class":85},[71,108936,369],{"class":89},[71,108938,108939],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,108940,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,108942,108943,108945],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,108944,29924],{"class":4209},[71,108946,6731],{"class":89},[71,108948,108949,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,108950,108861],{"class":77},[71,108952,82],{"class":81},[71,108954,6302],{"class":77},[71,108956,60],{"class":89},[71,108958,26360],{"class":133},[71,108960,369],{"class":89},[71,108962,108963,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975,108977],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,108964,8408],{"class":127},[71,108966,90],{"class":89},[71,108968,3184],{"class":99},[71,108970,29076],{"class":103},[71,108972,3184],{"class":99},[71,108974,109],{"class":89},[71,108976,108888],{"class":133},[71,108978,121],{"class":89},[71,108980,108981,108983,108985],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,108982,29955],{"class":4209},[71,108984,29958],{"class":85},[71,108986,6731],{"class":89},[71,108988,108989,108991,108993,108995,108998,109000],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,108990,8408],{"class":127},[71,108992,90],{"class":89},[71,108994,3184],{"class":99},[71,108996,108997],{"class":103},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[71,108999,3184],{"class":99},[71,109001,121],{"class":89},[288,109003,5298,109005,1552,109007,1552,109009],{"id":109004},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109006,12872],{},[15,109008,55664],{},[15,109010,102995],{},[20,109012,109013],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[350,109015,283,109017],{"id":109016},"use-pop",[15,109018,12872],{},[20,109020,283,109021,1569],{},[15,109022,12872],{},[40,109024,109025,109031,109034],{},[43,109026,109027,109028],{},"You want to remove ",[30,109029,109030],{},"any one item",[43,109032,109033],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[43,109035,109036],{},"You want the removed item returned",[62,109038,109040],{"className":64,"code":109039,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109041,109042,109062,109076],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109043,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109045,3950],{"class":77},[71,109047,82],{"class":81},[71,109049,1456],{"class":89},[71,109051,3320],{"class":117},[71,109053,109],{"class":89},[71,109055,183],{"class":117},[71,109057,109],{"class":89},[71,109059,701],{"class":117},[71,109061,252],{"class":89},[71,109063,109064,109066,109068,109070,109072,109074],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,109065,2778],{"class":77},[71,109067,82],{"class":81},[71,109069,4599],{"class":77},[71,109071,60],{"class":89},[71,109073,26360],{"class":133},[71,109075,369],{"class":89},[71,109077,109078,109080,109082,109084],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,109079,128],{"class":127},[71,109081,90],{"class":89},[71,109083,2804],{"class":133},[71,109085,121],{"class":89},[350,109087,283,109089],{"id":109088},"use-remove",[15,109090,55664],{},[20,109092,283,109093,1569],{},[15,109094,55664],{},[40,109096,109097,109103],{},[43,109098,109099,109100],{},"You want to delete a ",[30,109101,109102],{},"specific item",[43,109104,109105],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[62,109107,109109],{"className":64,"code":109108,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109110,109111,109131,109145],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109112,109113,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123,109125,109127,109129],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109114,3950],{"class":77},[71,109116,82],{"class":81},[71,109118,1456],{"class":89},[71,109120,3320],{"class":117},[71,109122,109],{"class":89},[71,109124,183],{"class":117},[71,109126,109],{"class":89},[71,109128,701],{"class":117},[71,109130,252],{"class":89},[71,109132,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,109134,3980],{"class":77},[71,109136,60],{"class":89},[71,109138,34918],{"class":133},[71,109140,90],{"class":89},[71,109142,630],{"class":117},[71,109144,121],{"class":89},[71,109146,109147,109149,109151,109153],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,109148,128],{"class":127},[71,109150,90],{"class":89},[71,109152,3980],{"class":133},[71,109154,121],{"class":89},[20,109156,109157,109158,109160,109161,109165],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109159,55664],{}," raises an error. See the ",[56,109162,109163,1709],{"href":98350},[15,109164,103009],{}," for details.",[350,109167,283,109169],{"id":109168},"use-discard",[15,109170,102995],{},[20,109172,283,109173,1569],{},[15,109174,102995],{},[40,109176,109177,109181],{},[43,109178,109099,109179],{},[30,109180,109102],{},[43,109182,109183,109184,109186],{},"You do ",[30,109185,4967],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[62,109188,109190],{"className":64,"code":109189,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109191,109192,109212,109226],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109193,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109195,3950],{"class":77},[71,109197,82],{"class":81},[71,109199,1456],{"class":89},[71,109201,3320],{"class":117},[71,109203,109],{"class":89},[71,109205,183],{"class":117},[71,109207,109],{"class":89},[71,109209,701],{"class":117},[71,109211,252],{"class":89},[71,109213,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,109215,3980],{"class":77},[71,109217,60],{"class":89},[71,109219,103062],{"class":133},[71,109221,90],{"class":89},[71,109223,2466],{"class":117},[71,109225,121],{"class":89},[71,109227,109228,109230,109232,109234],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,109229,128],{"class":127},[71,109231,90],{"class":89},[71,109233,3980],{"class":133},[71,109235,121],{"class":89},[20,109237,109238,109239,109241,109242,109246],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109240,2466],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[56,109243,109244,1709],{"href":108598},[15,109245,103000],{}," for more examples.",[288,109248,2054],{"id":2053},[20,109250,71618,109251,228],{},[15,109252,108242],{},[40,109254,109255,109261,109266,109271],{},[43,109256,109257,109258],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109259,109260],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[43,109262,8794,109263,109265],{},[15,109264,12872],{}," to remove the first or last item",[43,109267,29770,109268,109270],{},[15,109269,12872],{}," on an empty set",[43,109272,8758,109273,109275],{},[15,109274,12872],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109277,62432],{},[62,109279,109281],{"className":64,"code":109280,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109282,109283,109293,109307,109321],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109284,109285,109287,109289,109291],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109286,128],{"class":127},[71,109288,90],{"class":89},[71,109290,15779],{"class":133},[71,109292,121],{"class":89},[71,109294,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,109296,128],{"class":127},[71,109298,90],{"class":89},[71,109300,2139],{"class":127},[71,109302,90],{"class":89},[71,109304,15779],{"class":133},[71,109306,204],{"class":89},[71,109308,109309,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,109310,128],{"class":127},[71,109312,90],{"class":89},[71,109314,735],{"class":85},[71,109316,90],{"class":89},[71,109318,15779],{"class":133},[71,109320,204],{"class":89},[71,109322,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,109324,28658],{"class":77},[71,109326,82],{"class":81},[71,109328,97065],{"class":77},[71,109330,60],{"class":89},[71,109332,26360],{"class":133},[71,109334,369],{"class":89},[20,109336,26127],{},[40,109338,109339,109342,109345,109348],{},[43,109340,109341],{},"What values are in the set",[43,109343,109344],{},"Whether the set is empty",[43,109346,109347],{},"That the object is really a set",[43,109349,109350],{},"What value was actually removed",[288,109352,2163],{"id":2162},[350,109354,12813,109356,109358],{"id":109355},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109357,108242],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109360,109361,109362,109364],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109363,12872],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[350,109366,109368,109369,2172],{"id":109367},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109370,108242],{},[20,109372,109373,109374,109376,109377,109379],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109375,12872],{},", set ",[15,109378,12872],{}," does not accept an index.",[350,109381,109383],{"id":109382},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109385,71787,109386,44761,109388,109390],{},[15,109387,19803],{},[15,109389,12872],{}," is called on an empty set.",[350,109392,109394],{"id":109393},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109396,283,109397,3209,109399,2069,109401,60],{},[15,109398,55664],{},[15,109400,102995],{},[15,109402,12872],{},[288,109404,2221],{"id":2220},[40,109406,109407,109411,109417,109423,109427],{},[43,109408,109409],{},[56,109410,96469],{"href":97640},[43,109412,109413],{},[56,109414,96955,109415,1709],{"href":98350},[15,109416,55664],{},[43,109418,109419],{},[56,109420,96955,109421,1709],{"href":108598},[15,109422,102995],{},[43,109424,109425],{},[56,109426,2248],{"href":2049},[43,109428,109429],{},[56,109430,55650],{"href":55202},[2250,109432,109433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":109435},[109436,109437,109439,109440,109441,109442,109448,109457,109458,109466],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":108362,"depth":124,"text":109438},"What set.pop() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":108500,"depth":124,"text":108501},{"id":108603,"depth":124,"text":108604},{"id":108757,"depth":124,"text":108758,"children":109443},[109444,109446],{"id":108823,"depth":139,"text":109445},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108914,"depth":139,"text":109447},"Use try and except",{"id":109004,"depth":124,"text":109449,"children":109450},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109451,109453,109455],{"id":109016,"depth":139,"text":109452},"Use pop()",{"id":109088,"depth":139,"text":109454},"Use remove()",{"id":109168,"depth":139,"text":109456},"Use discard()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":109459},[109460,109462,109464,109465],{"id":109355,"depth":139,"text":109461},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109367,"depth":139,"text":109463},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109382,"depth":139,"text":109383},{"id":109393,"depth":139,"text":109394},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108230,"description":109467},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109474,"title":109475,"body":109476,"description":110630,"extension":2292,"meta":110631,"navigation":142,"path":110632,"seo":110633,"stem":110634,"__hash__":110635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109477,"toc":110598},[109478,109483,109488,109497,109499,109564,109568,109592,109599,109604,109608,109623,109626,109628,109647,109661,109664,109712,109716,109732,109734,109807,109811,109836,109842,109850,109854,109861,109916,109921,109938,109944,109950,109955,109963,109970,109974,109982,110037,110039,110056,110060,110067,110132,110136,110169,110171,110183,110190,110192,110197,110204,110206,110275,110279,110287,110289,110353,110357,110362,110409,110414,110482,110490,110497,110500,110506,110511,110515,110517,110520,110522,110527,110532,110538,110543,110550,110558,110564,110567,110569,110595],[10,109479,96341,109481,11428],{"id":109480},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109482,55664],{},[20,109484,109485,109487],{},[15,109486,103009],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109489,109490,109491,109494,109495,60],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[30,109492,109493],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109496,19803],{},[288,109498,2334],{"id":2333},[62,109500,109502],{"className":64,"code":109501,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109503,109504,109536,109554],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109505,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109507,13186],{"class":77},[71,109509,82],{"class":81},[71,109511,1456],{"class":89},[71,109513,3184],{"class":99},[71,109515,13203],{"class":103},[71,109517,3184],{"class":99},[71,109519,109],{"class":89},[71,109521,3683],{"class":99},[71,109523,13220],{"class":103},[71,109525,3184],{"class":99},[71,109527,109],{"class":89},[71,109529,3683],{"class":99},[71,109531,17570],{"class":103},[71,109533,3184],{"class":99},[71,109535,252],{"class":89},[71,109537,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,109539,17617],{"class":77},[71,109541,60],{"class":89},[71,109543,34918],{"class":133},[71,109545,90],{"class":89},[71,109547,3184],{"class":99},[71,109549,13220],{"class":103},[71,109551,3184],{"class":99},[71,109553,121],{"class":89},[71,109555,109556,109558,109560,109562],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,109557,128],{"class":127},[71,109559,90],{"class":89},[71,109561,17617],{"class":133},[71,109563,121],{"class":89},[20,109565,109566],{},[30,109567,30150],{},[62,109569,109570],{"className":64,"code":103689,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,109571,109572],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109573,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109575,219],{"class":89},[71,109577,100],{"class":99},[71,109579,13203],{"class":103},[71,109581,100],{"class":99},[71,109583,109],{"class":89},[71,109585,231],{"class":99},[71,109587,17570],{"class":103},[71,109589,100],{"class":99},[71,109591,252],{"class":89},[20,109593,283,109594,109596,109597,60],{},[15,109595,55664],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109598,19803],{},[288,109600,291,109602,294],{"id":109601},"what-setremove-does",[15,109603,103009],{},[20,109605,109606,228],{},[15,109607,103009],{},[40,109609,109610,109613,109615,109617],{},[43,109611,109612],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[43,109614,96456],{},[43,109616,96459],{},[43,109618,109619,109620,109622],{},"Raises ",[15,109621,19803],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109624,109625],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[288,109627,343],{"id":342},[62,109629,109631],{"className":64,"code":109630,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109632,109633],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109634,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109636,15779],{"class":77},[71,109638,60],{"class":89},[71,109640,34918],{"class":133},[71,109642,90],{"class":89},[71,109644,2804],{"class":133},[71,109646,121],{"class":89},[40,109648,109649,109653,109658],{},[43,109650,109651,103231],{},[15,109652,15779],{},[43,109654,109655,109657],{},[15,109656,2804],{}," is the item to remove",[43,109659,109660],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109662,109663],{},"Here is a small example:",[62,109665,109666],{"className":64,"code":109108,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,109667,109668,109688,109702],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109669,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109671,3950],{"class":77},[71,109673,82],{"class":81},[71,109675,1456],{"class":89},[71,109677,3320],{"class":117},[71,109679,109],{"class":89},[71,109681,183],{"class":117},[71,109683,109],{"class":89},[71,109685,701],{"class":117},[71,109687,252],{"class":89},[71,109689,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,109691,3980],{"class":77},[71,109693,60],{"class":89},[71,109695,34918],{"class":133},[71,109697,90],{"class":89},[71,109699,630],{"class":117},[71,109701,121],{"class":89},[71,109703,109704,109706,109708,109710],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,109705,128],{"class":127},[71,109707,90],{"class":89},[71,109709,3980],{"class":133},[71,109711,121],{"class":89},[20,109713,109714],{},[30,109715,30150],{},[62,109717,109718],{"className":64,"code":101439,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,109719,109720],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109721,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109723,219],{"class":89},[71,109725,3320],{"class":117},[71,109727,109],{"class":89},[71,109729,701],{"class":117},[71,109731,252],{"class":89},[288,109733,11582],{"id":11581},[62,109735,109737],{"className":64,"code":109736,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109738,109739,109771,109775,109793,109797],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109740,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109742,36365],{"class":77},[71,109744,82],{"class":81},[71,109746,1456],{"class":89},[71,109748,3184],{"class":99},[71,109750,4414],{"class":103},[71,109752,3184],{"class":99},[71,109754,109],{"class":89},[71,109756,3683],{"class":99},[71,109758,4423],{"class":103},[71,109760,3184],{"class":99},[71,109762,109],{"class":89},[71,109764,3683],{"class":99},[71,109766,33343],{"class":103},[71,109768,3184],{"class":99},[71,109770,252],{"class":89},[71,109772,109773],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,109774,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,109776,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,109778,36417],{"class":77},[71,109780,60],{"class":89},[71,109782,34918],{"class":133},[71,109784,90],{"class":89},[71,109786,3184],{"class":99},[71,109788,4423],{"class":103},[71,109790,3184],{"class":99},[71,109792,121],{"class":89},[71,109794,109795],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,109796,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,109798,109799,109801,109803,109805],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,109800,128],{"class":127},[71,109802,90],{"class":89},[71,109804,36417],{"class":133},[71,109806,121],{"class":89},[20,109808,109809],{},[30,109810,30150],{},[62,109812,109814],{"className":64,"code":109813,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109815,109816],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109817,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109819,219],{"class":89},[71,109821,100],{"class":99},[71,109823,4414],{"class":103},[71,109825,100],{"class":99},[71,109827,109],{"class":89},[71,109829,231],{"class":99},[71,109831,33343],{"class":103},[71,109833,100],{"class":99},[71,109835,252],{"class":89},[20,109837,109838,109839,109841],{},"This removes ",[15,109840,65412],{}," from the set.",[20,109843,109844,109845,109847,109848,60],{},"A set does ",[30,109846,4967],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[56,109849,96473],{"href":98024},[288,109851,109853],{"id":109852},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109855,109856,109857,52629,109859,60],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109858,55664],{},[15,109860,19803],{},[62,109862,109864],{"className":64,"code":109863,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109865,109866,109898],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109867,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109869,13186],{"class":77},[71,109871,82],{"class":81},[71,109873,1456],{"class":89},[71,109875,3184],{"class":99},[71,109877,13203],{"class":103},[71,109879,3184],{"class":99},[71,109881,109],{"class":89},[71,109883,3683],{"class":99},[71,109885,13220],{"class":103},[71,109887,3184],{"class":99},[71,109889,109],{"class":89},[71,109891,3683],{"class":99},[71,109893,17570],{"class":103},[71,109895,3184],{"class":99},[71,109897,252],{"class":89},[71,109899,109900,109902,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912,109914],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,109901,17617],{"class":77},[71,109903,60],{"class":89},[71,109905,34918],{"class":133},[71,109907,90],{"class":89},[71,109909,3184],{"class":99},[71,109911,22641],{"class":103},[71,109913,3184],{"class":99},[71,109915,121],{"class":89},[20,109917,109918],{},[30,109919,109920],{},"Result:",[62,109922,109924],{"className":64,"code":109923,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109925,109926],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109927,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109929,19803],{"class":85},[71,109931,228],{"class":89},[71,109933,231],{"class":99},[71,109935,22641],{"class":103},[71,109937,29820],{"class":99},[20,109939,22306,109940,109943],{},[15,109941,109942],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109945,109946,109947,109949],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109948,55664],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109951,109952,109953,60],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[56,109954,2248],{"href":2049},[288,109956,4534,109958,109960,109961],{"id":109957},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109959,55664],{}," is different from ",[15,109962,102995],{},[20,109964,109965,1560,109967,109969],{},[15,109966,55664],{},[15,109968,102995],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[350,109971,109972],{"id":34918},[15,109973,55664],{},[40,109975,109976,109979],{},[43,109977,109978],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[43,109980,109981],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[62,109983,109985],{"className":64,"code":109984,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109986,109987,110019],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,109988,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,109990,36216],{"class":77},[71,109992,82],{"class":81},[71,109994,1456],{"class":89},[71,109996,3184],{"class":99},[71,109998,56],{"class":103},[71,110000,3184],{"class":99},[71,110002,109],{"class":89},[71,110004,3683],{"class":99},[71,110006,176],{"class":103},[71,110008,3184],{"class":99},[71,110010,109],{"class":89},[71,110012,3683],{"class":99},[71,110014,694],{"class":103},[71,110016,3184],{"class":99},[71,110018,252],{"class":89},[71,110020,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,110022,36269],{"class":77},[71,110024,60],{"class":89},[71,110026,34918],{"class":133},[71,110028,90],{"class":89},[71,110030,3184],{"class":99},[71,110032,18883],{"class":103},[71,110034,3184],{"class":99},[71,110036,121],{"class":89},[20,110038,108795],{},[62,110040,110042],{"className":64,"code":110041,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110043,110044],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110045,110046,110048,110050,110052,110054],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110047,19803],{"class":85},[71,110049,228],{"class":89},[71,110051,231],{"class":99},[71,110053,18883],{"class":103},[71,110055,29820],{"class":99},[350,110057,110058],{"id":103062},[15,110059,102995],{},[40,110061,110062,110064],{},[43,110063,109978],{},[43,110065,110066],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[62,110068,110070],{"className":64,"code":110069,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110071,110072,110104,110122],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110073,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110075,36216],{"class":77},[71,110077,82],{"class":81},[71,110079,1456],{"class":89},[71,110081,3184],{"class":99},[71,110083,56],{"class":103},[71,110085,3184],{"class":99},[71,110087,109],{"class":89},[71,110089,3683],{"class":99},[71,110091,176],{"class":103},[71,110093,3184],{"class":99},[71,110095,109],{"class":89},[71,110097,3683],{"class":99},[71,110099,694],{"class":103},[71,110101,3184],{"class":99},[71,110103,252],{"class":89},[71,110105,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,110107,36269],{"class":77},[71,110109,60],{"class":89},[71,110111,103062],{"class":133},[71,110113,90],{"class":89},[71,110115,3184],{"class":99},[71,110117,18883],{"class":103},[71,110119,3184],{"class":99},[71,110121,121],{"class":89},[71,110123,110124,110126,110128,110130],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,110125,128],{"class":127},[71,110127,90],{"class":89},[71,110129,36269],{"class":133},[71,110131,121],{"class":89},[20,110133,110134],{},[30,110135,209],{},[62,110137,110139],{"className":64,"code":110138,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110140,110141],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110142,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110144,219],{"class":89},[71,110146,100],{"class":99},[71,110148,56],{"class":103},[71,110150,100],{"class":99},[71,110152,109],{"class":89},[71,110154,231],{"class":99},[71,110156,176],{"class":103},[71,110158,100],{"class":99},[71,110160,109],{"class":89},[71,110162,231],{"class":99},[71,110164,694],{"class":103},[71,110166,100],{"class":99},[71,110168,252],{"class":89},[20,110170,18810],{},[40,110172,110173,110178],{},[43,110174,110175,110177],{},[15,110176,55664],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[43,110179,110180,110182],{},[15,110181,102995],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110184,110185,110186,60],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[56,110187,96955,110188,1709],{"href":108598},[15,110189,102995],{},[288,110191,4855],{"id":4854},[350,110193,8794,110195,97335],{"id":110194},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110196,55664],{},[20,110198,110199,110201,110202,60],{},[15,110200,55664],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110203,4110],{},[20,110205,16757],{},[62,110207,110209],{"className":64,"code":110208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110210,110211,110243,110265],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110212,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110214,13186],{"class":77},[71,110216,82],{"class":81},[71,110218,1456],{"class":89},[71,110220,3184],{"class":99},[71,110222,13203],{"class":103},[71,110224,3184],{"class":99},[71,110226,109],{"class":89},[71,110228,3683],{"class":99},[71,110230,13220],{"class":103},[71,110232,3184],{"class":99},[71,110234,109],{"class":89},[71,110236,3683],{"class":99},[71,110238,17570],{"class":103},[71,110240,3184],{"class":99},[71,110242,252],{"class":89},[71,110244,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,110246,13229],{"class":77},[71,110248,82],{"class":81},[71,110250,13234],{"class":77},[71,110252,60],{"class":89},[71,110254,34918],{"class":133},[71,110256,90],{"class":89},[71,110258,3184],{"class":99},[71,110260,13220],{"class":103},[71,110262,3184],{"class":99},[71,110264,121],{"class":89},[71,110266,110267,110269,110271,110273],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,110268,128],{"class":127},[71,110270,90],{"class":89},[71,110272,13253],{"class":133},[71,110274,121],{"class":89},[20,110276,110277],{},[30,110278,209],{},[62,110280,110281],{"className":64,"code":11916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,110282,110283],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110284,110285],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110286,11916],{"class":4184},[20,110288,16769],{},[62,110290,110291],{"className":64,"code":109501,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,110292,110293,110325,110343],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110294,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305,110307,110309,110311,110313,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110296,13186],{"class":77},[71,110298,82],{"class":81},[71,110300,1456],{"class":89},[71,110302,3184],{"class":99},[71,110304,13203],{"class":103},[71,110306,3184],{"class":99},[71,110308,109],{"class":89},[71,110310,3683],{"class":99},[71,110312,13220],{"class":103},[71,110314,3184],{"class":99},[71,110316,109],{"class":89},[71,110318,3683],{"class":99},[71,110320,17570],{"class":103},[71,110322,3184],{"class":99},[71,110324,252],{"class":89},[71,110326,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,110328,17617],{"class":77},[71,110330,60],{"class":89},[71,110332,34918],{"class":133},[71,110334,90],{"class":89},[71,110336,3184],{"class":99},[71,110338,13220],{"class":103},[71,110340,3184],{"class":99},[71,110342,121],{"class":89},[71,110344,110345,110347,110349,110351],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,110346,128],{"class":127},[71,110348,90],{"class":89},[71,110350,17617],{"class":133},[71,110352,121],{"class":89},[350,110354,110356],{"id":110355},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110358,110359,110360,60],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110361,19803],{},[62,110363,110365],{"className":64,"code":110364,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110366,110367,110391],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110368,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110370,13186],{"class":77},[71,110372,82],{"class":81},[71,110374,1456],{"class":89},[71,110376,3184],{"class":99},[71,110378,13203],{"class":103},[71,110380,3184],{"class":99},[71,110382,109],{"class":89},[71,110384,3683],{"class":99},[71,110386,13220],{"class":103},[71,110388,3184],{"class":99},[71,110390,252],{"class":89},[71,110392,110393,110395,110397,110399,110401,110403,110405,110407],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,110394,17617],{"class":77},[71,110396,60],{"class":89},[71,110398,34918],{"class":133},[71,110400,90],{"class":89},[71,110402,3184],{"class":99},[71,110404,17570],{"class":103},[71,110406,3184],{"class":99},[71,110408,121],{"class":89},[20,110410,110411,110412,228],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110413,4216],{},[62,110415,110417],{"className":64,"code":110416,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110418,110419,110443,110447,110463],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110420,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439,110441],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110422,13186],{"class":77},[71,110424,82],{"class":81},[71,110426,1456],{"class":89},[71,110428,3184],{"class":99},[71,110430,13203],{"class":103},[71,110432,3184],{"class":99},[71,110434,109],{"class":89},[71,110436,3683],{"class":99},[71,110438,13220],{"class":103},[71,110440,3184],{"class":99},[71,110442,252],{"class":89},[71,110444,110445],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,110446,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,110448,110449,110451,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,110450,7337],{"class":4209},[71,110452,3683],{"class":99},[71,110454,17570],{"class":103},[71,110456,3184],{"class":99},[71,110458,21290],{"class":81},[71,110460,13234],{"class":77},[71,110462,6731],{"class":89},[71,110464,110465,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478,110480],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,110466,110467],{"class":77},"    colors",[71,110469,60],{"class":89},[71,110471,34918],{"class":133},[71,110473,90],{"class":89},[71,110475,3184],{"class":99},[71,110477,17570],{"class":103},[71,110479,3184],{"class":99},[71,110481,121],{"class":89},[20,110483,110484,110485,110489],{},"Or use ",[56,110486,110487],{"href":108598},[15,110488,102995],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[350,110491,37331,110493,9046,110495],{"id":110492},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110494,103009],{},[15,110496,55210],{},[20,110498,110499],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110501,110502,110503,110505],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110504,103009],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110507,110508,110509,60],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[56,110510,99219],{"href":99218},[350,110512,110514],{"id":110513},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110516,108504],{},[20,110518,110519],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[288,110521,2163],{"id":2162},[350,110523,12813,110525,97434],{"id":110524},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110526,103009],{},[20,110528,110529,110530,60],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110531,4110],{},[350,110533,30408,110535,110537],{"id":110534},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110536,103009],{}," raise?",[20,110539,30414,110540,110542],{},[15,110541,19803],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[350,110544,21537,110546,3209,110548,2172],{"id":110545},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110547,55664],{},[15,110549,102995],{},[20,110551,283,110552,110554,110555,110557],{},[15,110553,55664],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110556,102995],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[350,110559,2184,110561,110563],{"id":110560},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110562,103009],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110565,110566],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[288,110568,2221],{"id":2220},[40,110570,110571,110577,110583,110587,110591],{},[43,110572,110573],{},[56,110574,96955,110575,1709],{"href":108598},[15,110576,102995],{},[43,110578,110579],{},[56,110580,96955,110581,1709],{"href":98355},[15,110582,12872],{},[43,110584,110585],{},[56,110586,97479],{"href":98024},[43,110588,110589],{},[56,110590,100485],{"href":99218},[43,110592,110593],{},[56,110594,2248],{"href":2049},[2250,110596,110597],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":110599},[110600,110601,110603,110604,110605,110606,110611,110619,110629],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":109601,"depth":124,"text":110602},"What set.remove() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":109852,"depth":124,"text":109853},{"id":109957,"depth":124,"text":110607,"children":110608},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110609,110610],{"id":34918,"depth":139,"text":55664},{"id":103062,"depth":139,"text":102995},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":110612},[110613,110615,110616,110618],{"id":110194,"depth":139,"text":110614},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110355,"depth":139,"text":110356},{"id":110492,"depth":139,"text":110617},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110513,"depth":139,"text":110514},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":110620},[110621,110623,110625,110627],{"id":110524,"depth":139,"text":110622},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110534,"depth":139,"text":110624},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110545,"depth":139,"text":110626},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110560,"depth":139,"text":110628},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109475,"description":110630},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110637,"title":110638,"body":110639,"description":112012,"extension":2292,"meta":112013,"navigation":142,"path":112014,"seo":112015,"stem":112016,"__hash__":112017},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110640,"toc":111987},[110641,110647,110653,110656,110659,110673,110675,110756,110759,110764,110768,110782,110789,110791,110810,110813,110831,110833,110913,110915,110940,110944,110947,110955,110960,110965,110967,110980,110985,110988,111012,111015,111023,111025,111028,111125,111127,111160,111162,111188,111195,111198,111202,111210,111214,111222,111224,111314,111316,111330,111337,111342,111347,111349,111440,111442,111454,111456,111470,111476,111484,111486,111568,111570,111615,111618,111626,111629,111631,111635,111678,111680,111700,111705,111707,111792,111794,111799,111801,111808,111816,111822,111825,111827,111913,111915,111939,111943,111946,111948,111975,111985],[10,110642,96341,110644,11428],{"id":110643},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110645,110646],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110648,110649,110652],{},[15,110650,110651],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110654,110655],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110657,110658],{},"Use it when:",[40,110660,110661,110664,110670],{},[43,110662,110663],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[43,110665,110666,110667,110669],{},"you do ",[30,110668,4967],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[43,110671,110672],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[288,110674,3940],{"id":3939},[62,110676,110678],{"className":64,"code":110677,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110679,110680,110700,110720,110724,110743],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110681,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110683,2886],{"class":77},[71,110685,82],{"class":81},[71,110687,1456],{"class":89},[71,110689,3320],{"class":117},[71,110691,109],{"class":89},[71,110693,183],{"class":117},[71,110695,109],{"class":89},[71,110697,701],{"class":117},[71,110699,252],{"class":89},[71,110701,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,110703,2913],{"class":77},[71,110705,82],{"class":81},[71,110707,1456],{"class":89},[71,110709,640],{"class":117},[71,110711,109],{"class":89},[71,110713,2788],{"class":117},[71,110715,109],{"class":89},[71,110717,4941],{"class":117},[71,110719,252],{"class":89},[71,110721,110722],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,110723,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,110725,110726,110728,110730,110732,110734,110737,110739,110741],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,110727,1102],{"class":77},[71,110729,82],{"class":81},[71,110731,57023],{"class":77},[71,110733,60],{"class":89},[71,110735,110736],{"class":133},"symmetric_difference",[71,110738,90],{"class":89},[71,110740,176],{"class":133},[71,110742,121],{"class":89},[71,110744,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,110746,128],{"class":127},[71,110748,90],{"class":89},[71,110750,2594],{"class":133},[71,110752,3993],{"class":89},[71,110754,110755],{"class":1439},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110757,110758],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[288,110760,291,110762,294],{"id":110761},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110763,110646],{},[20,110765,110766,228],{},[15,110767,110651],{},[40,110769,110770,110773,110776,110779],{},[43,110771,110772],{},"returns a new set",[43,110774,110775],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[43,110777,110778],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[43,110780,110781],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110783,96465,110784,3209,110786,60],{},[56,110785,96469],{"href":96468},[56,110787,110788],{"href":96472},"creating a set in Python",[288,110790,343],{"id":342},[62,110792,110794],{"className":64,"code":110793,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110795,110796],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110797,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110799,100726],{"class":77},[71,110801,60],{"class":89},[71,110803,110736],{"class":133},[71,110805,90],{"class":89},[71,110807,100735],{"class":133},[71,110809,121],{"class":89},[20,110811,110812],{},"Notes:",[40,110814,110815,110820,110825,110828],{},[43,110816,110817,110819],{},[15,110818,100726],{}," must be a set",[43,110821,110822,110824],{},[15,110823,100735],{}," can be any iterable",[43,110826,110827],{},"the result is always a set",[43,110829,110830],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110832,2537],{},[62,110834,110836],{"className":64,"code":110835,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110837,110838,110859,110880,110884,110903],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110839,110840,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110841,110842],{"class":77},"set1 ",[71,110844,82],{"class":81},[71,110846,1456],{"class":89},[71,110848,3320],{"class":117},[71,110850,109],{"class":89},[71,110852,183],{"class":117},[71,110854,109],{"class":89},[71,110856,701],{"class":117},[71,110858,252],{"class":89},[71,110860,110861,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,110862,110863],{"class":77},"set2 ",[71,110865,82],{"class":81},[71,110867,1456],{"class":89},[71,110869,640],{"class":117},[71,110871,109],{"class":89},[71,110873,2788],{"class":117},[71,110875,109],{"class":89},[71,110877,4941],{"class":117},[71,110879,252],{"class":89},[71,110881,110882],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,110883,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,110885,110886,110888,110890,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,110887,1102],{"class":77},[71,110889,82],{"class":81},[71,110891,110892],{"class":77}," set1",[71,110894,60],{"class":89},[71,110896,110736],{"class":133},[71,110898,90],{"class":89},[71,110900,100735],{"class":133},[71,110902,121],{"class":89},[71,110904,110905,110907,110909,110911],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,110906,128],{"class":127},[71,110908,90],{"class":89},[71,110910,2594],{"class":133},[71,110912,121],{"class":89},[20,110914,209],{},[62,110916,110918],{"className":64,"code":110917,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110919,110920],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110921,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110923,219],{"class":89},[71,110925,3320],{"class":117},[71,110927,109],{"class":89},[71,110929,183],{"class":117},[71,110931,109],{"class":89},[71,110933,2788],{"class":117},[71,110935,109],{"class":89},[71,110937,4941],{"class":117},[71,110939,252],{"class":89},[288,110941,110943],{"id":110942},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110945,110946],{},"The result includes:",[40,110948,110949,110952],{},[43,110950,110951],{},"items only in the first set",[43,110953,110954],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110956,110957,110958,2060],{},"The result does ",[30,110959,4967],{},[40,110961,110962],{},[43,110963,110964],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110966,5808],{},[40,110968,110969,110974],{},[43,110970,110971,110972],{},"first set: ",[15,110973,100423],{},[43,110975,110976,110977],{},"second set: ",[15,110978,110979],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110981,4384,110982,110984],{},[15,110983,640],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110986,110987],{},"The output is:",[62,110989,110990],{"className":64,"code":110917,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,110991,110992],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,110993,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,110995,219],{"class":89},[71,110997,3320],{"class":117},[71,110999,109],{"class":89},[71,111001,183],{"class":117},[71,111003,109],{"class":89},[71,111005,2788],{"class":117},[71,111007,109],{"class":89},[71,111009,4941],{"class":117},[71,111011,252],{"class":89},[20,111013,111014],{},"Also remember:",[40,111016,111017,111020],{},[43,111018,111019],{},"sets are unordered",[43,111021,111022],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[288,111024,11582],{"id":11581},[20,111026,111027],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[62,111029,111031],{"className":64,"code":111030,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111032,111033,111065,111089,111093,111111,111115],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111034,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043,111045,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055,111057,111059,111061,111063],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111036,107166],{"class":77},[71,111038,82],{"class":81},[71,111040,1456],{"class":89},[71,111042,3184],{"class":99},[71,111044,13203],{"class":103},[71,111046,3184],{"class":99},[71,111048,109],{"class":89},[71,111050,3683],{"class":99},[71,111052,13220],{"class":103},[71,111054,3184],{"class":99},[71,111056,109],{"class":89},[71,111058,3683],{"class":99},[71,111060,17570],{"class":103},[71,111062,3184],{"class":99},[71,111064,252],{"class":89},[71,111066,111067,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,111068,107199],{"class":77},[71,111070,82],{"class":81},[71,111072,1456],{"class":89},[71,111074,3184],{"class":99},[71,111076,17570],{"class":103},[71,111078,3184],{"class":99},[71,111080,109],{"class":89},[71,111082,3683],{"class":99},[71,111084,22641],{"class":103},[71,111086,3184],{"class":99},[71,111088,252],{"class":89},[71,111090,111091],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,111092,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,111094,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,111096,1102],{"class":77},[71,111098,82],{"class":81},[71,111100,107241],{"class":77},[71,111102,60],{"class":89},[71,111104,110736],{"class":133},[71,111106,90],{"class":89},[71,111108,107250],{"class":133},[71,111110,121],{"class":89},[71,111112,111113],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,111114,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,111116,111117,111119,111121,111123],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,111118,128],{"class":127},[71,111120,90],{"class":89},[71,111122,2594],{"class":133},[71,111124,121],{"class":89},[20,111126,209],{},[62,111128,111130],{"className":64,"code":111129,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111131,111132],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111133,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111135,219],{"class":89},[71,111137,100],{"class":99},[71,111139,13203],{"class":103},[71,111141,100],{"class":99},[71,111143,109],{"class":89},[71,111145,231],{"class":99},[71,111147,13220],{"class":103},[71,111149,100],{"class":99},[71,111151,109],{"class":89},[71,111153,231],{"class":99},[71,111155,22641],{"class":103},[71,111157,100],{"class":99},[71,111159,252],{"class":89},[20,111161,13520],{},[40,111163,111164,111169,111180],{},[43,111165,111166,111168],{},[15,111167,96634],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[43,111170,111171,1560,111173,111176,111177,111179],{},[15,111172,65530],{},[15,111174,111175],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111178,107303],{},", so they stay",[43,111181,111182,111184,111185,111187],{},[15,111183,109942],{}," is only in ",[15,111186,107250],{},", so it stays",[288,111189,111191,1552,111193],{"id":111190},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111192,110646],{},[15,111194,100555],{},[20,111196,111197],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111199,111200,228],{},[15,111201,100555],{},[40,111203,111204,111207],{},[43,111205,111206],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[43,111208,111209],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111211,111212,228],{},[15,111213,110646],{},[40,111215,111216,111219],{},[43,111217,111218],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[43,111220,111221],{},"removes shared items",[20,111223,2537],{},[62,111225,111227],{"className":64,"code":111226,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111228,111229,111249,111269,111273,111294],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111230,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111232,2886],{"class":77},[71,111234,82],{"class":81},[71,111236,1456],{"class":89},[71,111238,3320],{"class":117},[71,111240,109],{"class":89},[71,111242,183],{"class":117},[71,111244,109],{"class":89},[71,111246,701],{"class":117},[71,111248,252],{"class":89},[71,111250,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,111252,2913],{"class":77},[71,111254,82],{"class":81},[71,111256,1456],{"class":89},[71,111258,640],{"class":117},[71,111260,109],{"class":89},[71,111262,2788],{"class":117},[71,111264,109],{"class":89},[71,111266,4941],{"class":117},[71,111268,252],{"class":89},[71,111270,111271],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,111272,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,111274,111275,111277,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,111276,128],{"class":127},[71,111278,90],{"class":89},[71,111280,56],{"class":133},[71,111282,60],{"class":89},[71,111284,3143],{"class":133},[71,111286,90],{"class":89},[71,111288,176],{"class":133},[71,111290,5697],{"class":89},[71,111292,111293],{"class":1439},"            # {1, 2}\n",[71,111295,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,111297,128],{"class":127},[71,111299,90],{"class":89},[71,111301,56],{"class":133},[71,111303,60],{"class":89},[71,111305,110736],{"class":133},[71,111307,90],{"class":89},[71,111309,176],{"class":133},[71,111311,5697],{"class":89},[71,111313,110755],{"class":1439},[20,111315,18810],{},[40,111317,111318,111325],{},[43,111319,111320,111324],{},[56,111321,111322],{"href":102981},[15,111323,100555],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[43,111326,111327,111329],{},[15,111328,110646],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[288,111331,111333,1552,111335],{"id":111332},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111334,110646],{},[15,111336,102940],{},[20,111338,111339,111341],{},[15,111340,102940],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111343,111344,111346],{},[15,111345,110646],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111348,2537],{},[62,111350,111352],{"className":64,"code":111351,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111353,111354,111374,111394,111398,111420],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111355,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111357,2886],{"class":77},[71,111359,82],{"class":81},[71,111361,1456],{"class":89},[71,111363,3320],{"class":117},[71,111365,109],{"class":89},[71,111367,183],{"class":117},[71,111369,109],{"class":89},[71,111371,701],{"class":117},[71,111373,252],{"class":89},[71,111375,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,111377,2913],{"class":77},[71,111379,82],{"class":81},[71,111381,1456],{"class":89},[71,111383,640],{"class":117},[71,111385,109],{"class":89},[71,111387,2788],{"class":117},[71,111389,109],{"class":89},[71,111391,4941],{"class":117},[71,111393,252],{"class":89},[71,111395,111396],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,111397,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,111399,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111411,111413,111415,111417],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,111401,128],{"class":127},[71,111403,90],{"class":89},[71,111405,56],{"class":133},[71,111407,60],{"class":89},[71,111409,111410],{"class":133},"union",[71,111412,90],{"class":89},[71,111414,176],{"class":133},[71,111416,5697],{"class":89},[71,111418,111419],{"class":1439},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[71,111421,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432,111434,111436,111438],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,111423,128],{"class":127},[71,111425,90],{"class":89},[71,111427,56],{"class":133},[71,111429,60],{"class":89},[71,111431,110736],{"class":133},[71,111433,90],{"class":89},[71,111435,176],{"class":133},[71,111437,5697],{"class":89},[71,111439,110755],{"class":1439},[20,111441,27340],{},[40,111443,111444,111449],{},[43,111445,111446,111448],{},[15,111447,102940],{}," includes everything",[43,111450,111451,111453],{},[15,111452,110646],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111455,18810],{},[40,111457,111458,111465],{},[43,111459,111460,111464],{},[56,111461,111462],{"href":107871},[15,111463,102940],{}," when overlap does not matter",[43,111466,111467,111469],{},[15,111468,110646],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[288,111471,36739,111473,101739],{"id":111472},"using-the-operator",[15,111474,111475],{},"^",[20,111477,111478,111479,111481,111482,60],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111480,111475],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111483,110646],{},[20,111485,2537],{},[62,111487,111489],{"className":64,"code":111488,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111490,111491,111511,111531,111535,111553],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111492,111493,111495,111497,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111494,110842],{"class":77},[71,111496,82],{"class":81},[71,111498,1456],{"class":89},[71,111500,3320],{"class":117},[71,111502,109],{"class":89},[71,111504,183],{"class":117},[71,111506,109],{"class":89},[71,111508,701],{"class":117},[71,111510,252],{"class":89},[71,111512,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,111514,110863],{"class":77},[71,111516,82],{"class":81},[71,111518,1456],{"class":89},[71,111520,640],{"class":117},[71,111522,109],{"class":89},[71,111524,2788],{"class":117},[71,111526,109],{"class":89},[71,111528,4941],{"class":117},[71,111530,252],{"class":89},[71,111532,111533],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,111534,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,111536,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,111538,128],{"class":127},[71,111540,90],{"class":89},[71,111542,100726],{"class":133},[71,111544,60],{"class":89},[71,111546,110736],{"class":133},[71,111548,90],{"class":89},[71,111550,100735],{"class":133},[71,111552,204],{"class":89},[71,111554,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111566],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,111556,128],{"class":127},[71,111558,90],{"class":89},[71,111560,110842],{"class":133},[71,111562,111475],{"class":81},[71,111564,111565],{"class":133}," set2",[71,111567,121],{"class":89},[20,111569,30150],{},[62,111571,111573],{"className":64,"code":111572,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111574,111575,111595],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111576,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589,111591,111593],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111578,219],{"class":89},[71,111580,3320],{"class":117},[71,111582,109],{"class":89},[71,111584,183],{"class":117},[71,111586,109],{"class":89},[71,111588,2788],{"class":117},[71,111590,109],{"class":89},[71,111592,4941],{"class":117},[71,111594,252],{"class":89},[71,111596,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,111598,219],{"class":89},[71,111600,3320],{"class":117},[71,111602,109],{"class":89},[71,111604,183],{"class":117},[71,111606,109],{"class":89},[71,111608,2788],{"class":117},[71,111610,109],{"class":89},[71,111612,4941],{"class":117},[71,111614,252],{"class":89},[20,111616,111617],{},"Both forms:",[40,111619,111620,111623],{},[43,111621,111622],{},"return a new set",[43,111624,111625],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111627,111628],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[288,111630,4855],{"id":4854},[20,111632,21328,111633,228],{},[15,111634,110646],{},[40,111636,111637,111645,111655,111670],{},[43,111638,111639,111642,111644],{},[30,111640,111641],{},"Expecting sorted output",[808,111643],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[43,111646,111647,111650,111652,111654],{},[30,111648,111649],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[808,111651],{},[15,111653,110646],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[43,111656,111657,111662,111664,111666,111667,111669],{},[30,111658,111659,111660],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111661,100555],{},[808,111663],{},[15,111665,100555],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111668,110646],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[43,111671,111672,111675,111677],{},[30,111673,111674],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[808,111676],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111679,58998],{},[40,111681,111682,111691,111694,111697],{},[43,111683,50625,111684,44761,111686,111690],{},[15,111685,110646],{},[56,111687,111688],{"href":107871},[15,111689,102940],{}," is actually needed",[43,111692,111693],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[43,111695,111696],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[43,111698,111699],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111701,111702,111703,60],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[56,111704,99219],{"href":105484},[20,111706,62432],{},[62,111708,111710],{"className":64,"code":111709,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111711,111712,111722,111732,111750,111764,111778],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111713,111714,111716,111718,111720],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111715,128],{"class":127},[71,111717,90],{"class":89},[71,111719,100726],{"class":133},[71,111721,121],{"class":89},[71,111723,111724,111726,111728,111730],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,111725,128],{"class":127},[71,111727,90],{"class":89},[71,111729,100735],{"class":133},[71,111731,121],{"class":89},[71,111733,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746,111748],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,111735,128],{"class":127},[71,111737,90],{"class":89},[71,111739,100726],{"class":133},[71,111741,60],{"class":89},[71,111743,110736],{"class":133},[71,111745,90],{"class":89},[71,111747,100735],{"class":133},[71,111749,204],{"class":89},[71,111751,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760,111762],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,111753,128],{"class":127},[71,111755,90],{"class":89},[71,111757,110842],{"class":133},[71,111759,111475],{"class":81},[71,111761,111565],{"class":133},[71,111763,121],{"class":89},[71,111765,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,111767,128],{"class":127},[71,111769,90],{"class":89},[71,111771,735],{"class":85},[71,111773,90],{"class":89},[71,111775,100726],{"class":133},[71,111777,204],{"class":89},[71,111779,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,111781,128],{"class":127},[71,111783,90],{"class":89},[71,111785,735],{"class":85},[71,111787,90],{"class":89},[71,111789,100735],{"class":133},[71,111791,204],{"class":89},[288,111793,2163],{"id":2162},[350,111795,12813,111797,102880],{"id":111796},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111798,110646],{},[20,111800,102883],{},[350,111802,2167,111804,1560,111806,2172],{"id":111803},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111805,110646],{},[15,111807,100555],{},[20,111809,111810,111812,111813,111815],{},[15,111811,100555],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111814,110646],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[350,111817,28448,111819,111821],{"id":111818},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111820,110646],{}," with lists?",[20,111823,111824],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111826,2537],{},[62,111828,111830],{"className":64,"code":111829,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111831,111832,111852,111872,111876,111903],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111833,111834,111836,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111835,80796],{"class":77},[71,111837,82],{"class":81},[71,111839,1740],{"class":89},[71,111841,3320],{"class":117},[71,111843,109],{"class":89},[71,111845,183],{"class":117},[71,111847,109],{"class":89},[71,111849,701],{"class":117},[71,111851,1757],{"class":89},[71,111853,111854,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,111855,80817],{"class":77},[71,111857,82],{"class":81},[71,111859,1740],{"class":89},[71,111861,640],{"class":117},[71,111863,109],{"class":89},[71,111865,2788],{"class":117},[71,111867,109],{"class":89},[71,111869,4941],{"class":117},[71,111871,1757],{"class":89},[71,111873,111874],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,111875,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,111877,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,111879,1102],{"class":77},[71,111881,82],{"class":81},[71,111883,15746],{"class":85},[71,111885,90],{"class":89},[71,111887,111888],{"class":133},"list1",[71,111890,8973],{"class":89},[71,111892,110736],{"class":133},[71,111894,90],{"class":89},[71,111896,6624],{"class":85},[71,111898,90],{"class":89},[71,111900,81083],{"class":133},[71,111902,204],{"class":89},[71,111904,111905,111907,111909,111911],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,111906,128],{"class":127},[71,111908,90],{"class":89},[71,111910,2594],{"class":133},[71,111912,121],{"class":89},[20,111914,209],{},[62,111916,111917],{"className":64,"code":110917,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,111918,111919],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,111920,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,111922,219],{"class":89},[71,111924,3320],{"class":117},[71,111926,109],{"class":89},[71,111928,183],{"class":117},[71,111930,109],{"class":89},[71,111932,2788],{"class":117},[71,111934,109],{"class":89},[71,111936,4941],{"class":117},[71,111938,252],{"class":89},[350,111940,111942],{"id":111941},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111944,111945],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[288,111947,2221],{"id":2220},[40,111949,111950,111954,111959,111965,111971],{},[43,111951,111952],{},[56,111953,96469],{"href":96468},[43,111955,111956],{},[56,111957,111958],{"href":96472},"Creating a set in Python",[43,111960,111961],{},[56,111962,96955,111963,1709],{"href":102981},[15,111964,100555],{},[43,111966,111967],{},[56,111968,96955,111969,1709],{"href":107871},[15,111970,102940],{},[43,111972,111973],{},[56,111974,100485],{"href":105484},[20,111976,111977,111978,2518,111980,17186,111982,111984],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111979,100555],{},[15,111981,102940],{},[15,111983,110646],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2250,111986,57377],{},{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":111988},[111989,111990,111992,111993,111994,111995,111997,111999,112001,112002,112011],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":110761,"depth":124,"text":111991},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":110942,"depth":124,"text":110943},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":111190,"depth":124,"text":111996},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111332,"depth":124,"text":111998},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111472,"depth":124,"text":112000},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":112003},[112004,112006,112008,112010],{"id":111796,"depth":139,"text":112005},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111803,"depth":139,"text":112007},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111818,"depth":139,"text":112009},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111941,"depth":139,"text":111942},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110638,"description":112012},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112019,"title":112020,"body":112021,"description":114084,"extension":2292,"meta":114085,"navigation":142,"path":107871,"seo":114086,"stem":114087,"__hash__":114088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112022,"toc":114043},[112023,112028,112033,112036,112049,112051,112133,112138,112143,112147,112159,112162,112166,112168,112195,112197,112208,112211,112280,112282,112288,112291,112301,112303,112392,112397,112399,112406,112409,112411,112414,112534,112536,112605,112608,112625,112630,112633,112749,112751,112780,112783,112789,112794,112798,112879,112881,112909,112914,112918,113013,113015,113056,113060,113063,113130,113132,113173,113179,113194,113201,113208,113212,113218,113304,113308,113316,113387,113392,113399,113401,113407,113409,113474,113476,113492,113497,113500,113569,113573,113576,113635,113638,113642,113695,113708,113711,113764,113768,113770,113801,113804,113809,113862,113866,113869,113890,113902,113904,113957,113959,113964,113966,113972,113975,113981,113986,113990,113993,114001,114010,114012,114040],[10,112024,13,112026,11428],{"id":112025},"python-setunion-method",[15,112027,108184],{},[20,112029,112030,112032],{},[15,112031,108184],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112034,112035],{},"It is useful when you want:",[40,112037,112038,112041,112046],{},[43,112039,112040],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[43,112042,2886,112043,112045],{},[30,112044,100910],{}," as the result",[43,112047,112048],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[288,112050,2334],{"id":2333},[62,112052,112054],{"className":64,"code":112053,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112055,112056,112076,112096,112100,112118,112128],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112057,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112059,110842],{"class":77},[71,112061,82],{"class":81},[71,112063,1456],{"class":89},[71,112065,3320],{"class":117},[71,112067,109],{"class":89},[71,112069,183],{"class":117},[71,112071,109],{"class":89},[71,112073,701],{"class":117},[71,112075,252],{"class":89},[71,112077,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090,112092,112094],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,112079,110863],{"class":77},[71,112081,82],{"class":81},[71,112083,1456],{"class":89},[71,112085,640],{"class":117},[71,112087,109],{"class":89},[71,112089,2788],{"class":117},[71,112091,109],{"class":89},[71,112093,4941],{"class":117},[71,112095,252],{"class":89},[71,112097,112098],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,112099,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112101,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,112103,1102],{"class":77},[71,112105,82],{"class":81},[71,112107,110892],{"class":77},[71,112109,60],{"class":89},[71,112111,111410],{"class":133},[71,112113,90],{"class":89},[71,112115,100735],{"class":133},[71,112117,121],{"class":89},[71,112119,112120,112122,112124,112126],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,112121,128],{"class":127},[71,112123,90],{"class":89},[71,112125,2594],{"class":133},[71,112127,121],{"class":89},[71,112129,112130],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,112131,112132],{"class":1439},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112134,112135,112137],{},[15,112136,102940],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[288,112139,291,112141,294],{"id":112140},"what-setunion-does",[15,112142,108184],{},[20,112144,112145,228],{},[15,112146,108184],{},[40,112148,112149,112152,112155,112157],{},[43,112150,112151],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[43,112153,112154],{},"keeps only unique values",[43,112156,110772],{},[43,112158,110781],{},[20,112160,112161],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112163,96465,112164,60],{},[56,112165,96469],{"href":97640},[288,112167,343],{"id":342},[62,112169,112171],{"className":64,"code":112170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112172,112173],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112174,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112176,100726],{"class":77},[71,112178,60],{"class":89},[71,112180,111410],{"class":133},[71,112182,90],{"class":89},[71,112184,100735],{"class":133},[71,112186,109],{"class":89},[71,112188,100762],{"class":133},[71,112190,109],{"class":89},[71,112192,34577],{"class":127},[71,112194,121],{"class":89},[20,112196,13162],{},[40,112198,112199,112202,112205],{},[43,112200,112201],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[43,112203,112204],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[43,112206,112207],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112209,112210],{},"Example with two sets:",[62,112212,112214],{"className":64,"code":112213,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112215,112216,112232,112248,112252,112270],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112217,112218,112220,112222,112224,112226,112228,112230],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112219,2886],{"class":77},[71,112221,82],{"class":81},[71,112223,1456],{"class":89},[71,112225,3320],{"class":117},[71,112227,109],{"class":89},[71,112229,183],{"class":117},[71,112231,252],{"class":89},[71,112233,112234,112236,112238,112240,112242,112244,112246],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,112235,2913],{"class":77},[71,112237,82],{"class":81},[71,112239,1456],{"class":89},[71,112241,630],{"class":117},[71,112243,109],{"class":89},[71,112245,701],{"class":117},[71,112247,252],{"class":89},[71,112249,112250],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,112251,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112253,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,112255,1102],{"class":77},[71,112257,82],{"class":81},[71,112259,57023],{"class":77},[71,112261,60],{"class":89},[71,112263,111410],{"class":133},[71,112265,90],{"class":89},[71,112267,176],{"class":133},[71,112269,121],{"class":89},[71,112271,112272,112274,112276,112278],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,112273,128],{"class":127},[71,112275,90],{"class":89},[71,112277,2594],{"class":133},[71,112279,121],{"class":89},[288,112281,22087],{"id":22086},[20,112283,112284,100907,112286,60],{},[15,112285,108184],{},[30,112287,100910],{},[20,112289,112290],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[40,112292,112293,112296],{},[43,112294,112295],{},"the original set",[43,112297,112298,112299],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112300,102940],{},[20,112302,2537],{},[62,112304,112306],{"className":64,"code":112305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112307,112308,112324,112340,112344,112362,112366,112379],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112309,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112311,2886],{"class":77},[71,112313,82],{"class":81},[71,112315,1456],{"class":89},[71,112317,3320],{"class":117},[71,112319,109],{"class":89},[71,112321,183],{"class":117},[71,112323,252],{"class":89},[71,112325,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,112327,2913],{"class":77},[71,112329,82],{"class":81},[71,112331,1456],{"class":89},[71,112333,630],{"class":117},[71,112335,109],{"class":89},[71,112337,701],{"class":117},[71,112339,252],{"class":89},[71,112341,112342],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,112343,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112345,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,112347,1102],{"class":77},[71,112349,82],{"class":81},[71,112351,57023],{"class":77},[71,112353,60],{"class":89},[71,112355,111410],{"class":133},[71,112357,90],{"class":89},[71,112359,176],{"class":133},[71,112361,121],{"class":89},[71,112363,112364],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,112365,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112367,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,112369,128],{"class":127},[71,112371,90],{"class":89},[71,112373,2594],{"class":133},[71,112375,3993],{"class":89},[71,112377,112378],{"class":1439},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[71,112380,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,112382,128],{"class":127},[71,112384,90],{"class":89},[71,112386,56],{"class":133},[71,112388,3993],{"class":89},[71,112390,112391],{"class":1439},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112393,2616,112394,112396],{},[15,112395,56],{}," did not change.",[20,112398,111014],{},[40,112400,112401,112403],{},[43,112402,111019],{},[43,112404,112405],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112407,112408],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[288,112410,11582],{"id":11581},[20,112412,112413],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[62,112415,112417],{"className":64,"code":112416,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112418,112419,112452,112485,112489,112509,112513,112523],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112420,112421,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448,112450],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112422,112423],{"class":77},"fruits1 ",[71,112425,82],{"class":81},[71,112427,1456],{"class":89},[71,112429,3184],{"class":99},[71,112431,4414],{"class":103},[71,112433,3184],{"class":99},[71,112435,109],{"class":89},[71,112437,3683],{"class":99},[71,112439,4423],{"class":103},[71,112441,3184],{"class":99},[71,112443,109],{"class":89},[71,112445,3683],{"class":99},[71,112447,33343],{"class":103},[71,112449,3184],{"class":99},[71,112451,252],{"class":89},[71,112453,112454,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,112455,112456],{"class":77},"fruits2 ",[71,112458,82],{"class":81},[71,112460,1456],{"class":89},[71,112462,3184],{"class":99},[71,112464,4423],{"class":103},[71,112466,3184],{"class":99},[71,112468,109],{"class":89},[71,112470,3683],{"class":99},[71,112472,22650],{"class":103},[71,112474,3184],{"class":99},[71,112476,109],{"class":89},[71,112478,3683],{"class":99},[71,112480,33343],{"class":103},[71,112482,3184],{"class":99},[71,112484,252],{"class":89},[71,112486,112487],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,112488,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112490,112491,112493,112495,112498,112500,112502,112504,112507],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,112492,1102],{"class":77},[71,112494,82],{"class":81},[71,112496,112497],{"class":77}," fruits1",[71,112499,60],{"class":89},[71,112501,111410],{"class":133},[71,112503,90],{"class":89},[71,112505,112506],{"class":133},"fruits2",[71,112508,121],{"class":89},[71,112510,112511],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,112512,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112514,112515,112517,112519,112521],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,112516,128],{"class":127},[71,112518,90],{"class":89},[71,112520,2594],{"class":133},[71,112522,121],{"class":89},[71,112524,112525,112527,112529,112532],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,112526,128],{"class":127},[71,112528,90],{"class":89},[71,112530,112531],{"class":133},"fruits1",[71,112533,121],{"class":89},[20,112535,30150],{},[62,112537,112539],{"className":64,"code":112538,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112540,112541,112577],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112542,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112544,219],{"class":89},[71,112546,100],{"class":99},[71,112548,4423],{"class":103},[71,112550,100],{"class":99},[71,112552,109],{"class":89},[71,112554,231],{"class":99},[71,112556,33343],{"class":103},[71,112558,100],{"class":99},[71,112560,109],{"class":89},[71,112562,231],{"class":99},[71,112564,4414],{"class":103},[71,112566,100],{"class":99},[71,112568,109],{"class":89},[71,112570,231],{"class":99},[71,112572,22650],{"class":103},[71,112574,100],{"class":99},[71,112576,252],{"class":89},[71,112578,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,112580,219],{"class":89},[71,112582,100],{"class":99},[71,112584,4423],{"class":103},[71,112586,100],{"class":99},[71,112588,109],{"class":89},[71,112590,231],{"class":99},[71,112592,33343],{"class":103},[71,112594,100],{"class":99},[71,112596,109],{"class":89},[71,112598,231],{"class":99},[71,112600,4414],{"class":103},[71,112602,100],{"class":99},[71,112604,252],{"class":89},[20,112606,112607],{},"What this shows:",[40,112609,112610,112617,112620],{},[43,112611,112612,1560,112614,112616],{},[15,112613,65412],{},[15,112615,65839],{}," appear in both sets",[43,112618,112619],{},"they appear only once in the result",[43,112621,112622,112624],{},[15,112623,112531],{}," stays unchanged",[288,112626,8758,112628,101299],{"id":112627},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112629,102940],{},[20,112631,112632],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[62,112634,112636],{"className":64,"code":112635,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112637,112638,112654,112670,112687,112704,112708,112735,112739],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112639,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112641,110842],{"class":77},[71,112643,82],{"class":81},[71,112645,1456],{"class":89},[71,112647,3320],{"class":117},[71,112649,109],{"class":89},[71,112651,183],{"class":117},[71,112653,252],{"class":89},[71,112655,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,112657,110863],{"class":77},[71,112659,82],{"class":81},[71,112661,1456],{"class":89},[71,112663,630],{"class":117},[71,112665,109],{"class":89},[71,112667,701],{"class":117},[71,112669,252],{"class":89},[71,112671,112672,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,112673,112674],{"class":77},"set3 ",[71,112676,82],{"class":81},[71,112678,1456],{"class":89},[71,112680,640],{"class":117},[71,112682,109],{"class":89},[71,112684,2788],{"class":117},[71,112686,252],{"class":89},[71,112688,112689,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,112690,112691],{"class":77},"set4 ",[71,112693,82],{"class":81},[71,112695,1456],{"class":89},[71,112697,2836],{"class":117},[71,112699,109],{"class":89},[71,112701,4941],{"class":117},[71,112703,252],{"class":89},[71,112705,112706],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,112707,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112709,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112733],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,112711,1102],{"class":77},[71,112713,82],{"class":81},[71,112715,110892],{"class":77},[71,112717,60],{"class":89},[71,112719,111410],{"class":133},[71,112721,90],{"class":89},[71,112723,100735],{"class":133},[71,112725,109],{"class":89},[71,112727,100762],{"class":133},[71,112729,109],{"class":89},[71,112731,112732],{"class":133}," set4",[71,112734,121],{"class":89},[71,112736,112737],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,112738,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112740,112741,112743,112745,112747],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,112742,128],{"class":127},[71,112744,90],{"class":89},[71,112746,2594],{"class":133},[71,112748,121],{"class":89},[20,112750,30150],{},[62,112752,112754],{"className":64,"code":112753,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112755,112756],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112757,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112759,219],{"class":89},[71,112761,3320],{"class":117},[71,112763,109],{"class":89},[71,112765,183],{"class":117},[71,112767,109],{"class":89},[71,112769,701],{"class":117},[71,112771,109],{"class":89},[71,112773,2788],{"class":117},[71,112775,109],{"class":89},[71,112777,4941],{"class":117},[71,112779,252],{"class":89},[20,112781,112782],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[288,112784,8758,112786,112788],{"id":112785},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112787,102940],{}," with other iterables",[20,112790,112791,112793],{},[15,112792,102940],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[350,112795,112797],{"id":112796},"with-a-list","With a list",[62,112799,112801],{"className":64,"code":112800,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112802,112803,112823,112847,112851,112869],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112804,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112806,3950],{"class":77},[71,112808,82],{"class":81},[71,112810,1456],{"class":89},[71,112812,3320],{"class":117},[71,112814,109],{"class":89},[71,112816,183],{"class":117},[71,112818,109],{"class":89},[71,112820,701],{"class":117},[71,112822,252],{"class":89},[71,112824,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,112826,61184],{"class":77},[71,112828,82],{"class":81},[71,112830,1740],{"class":89},[71,112832,640],{"class":117},[71,112834,109],{"class":89},[71,112836,2788],{"class":117},[71,112838,109],{"class":89},[71,112840,4941],{"class":117},[71,112842,109],{"class":89},[71,112844,4941],{"class":117},[71,112846,1757],{"class":89},[71,112848,112849],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,112850,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112852,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,112854,1102],{"class":77},[71,112856,82],{"class":81},[71,112858,4599],{"class":77},[71,112860,60],{"class":89},[71,112862,111410],{"class":133},[71,112864,90],{"class":89},[71,112866,61213],{"class":133},[71,112868,121],{"class":89},[71,112870,112871,112873,112875,112877],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,112872,128],{"class":127},[71,112874,90],{"class":89},[71,112876,2594],{"class":133},[71,112878,121],{"class":89},[20,112880,30150],{},[62,112882,112883],{"className":64,"code":112753,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,112884,112885],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112886,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112888,219],{"class":89},[71,112890,3320],{"class":117},[71,112892,109],{"class":89},[71,112894,183],{"class":117},[71,112896,109],{"class":89},[71,112898,701],{"class":117},[71,112900,109],{"class":89},[71,112902,2788],{"class":117},[71,112904,109],{"class":89},[71,112906,4941],{"class":117},[71,112908,252],{"class":89},[20,112910,21094,112911,112913],{},[15,112912,2466],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[350,112915,112917],{"id":112916},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[62,112919,112921],{"className":64,"code":112920,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112922,112923,112947,112980,112984,113003],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,112924,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,112926,36216],{"class":77},[71,112928,82],{"class":81},[71,112930,1456],{"class":89},[71,112932,3184],{"class":99},[71,112934,56],{"class":103},[71,112936,3184],{"class":99},[71,112938,109],{"class":89},[71,112940,3683],{"class":99},[71,112942,176],{"class":103},[71,112944,3184],{"class":99},[71,112946,252],{"class":89},[71,112948,112949,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,112950,112951],{"class":77},"more_letters ",[71,112953,82],{"class":81},[71,112955,171],{"class":89},[71,112957,3184],{"class":99},[71,112959,176],{"class":103},[71,112961,3184],{"class":99},[71,112963,109],{"class":89},[71,112965,3683],{"class":99},[71,112967,694],{"class":103},[71,112969,3184],{"class":99},[71,112971,109],{"class":89},[71,112973,3683],{"class":99},[71,112975,18883],{"class":103},[71,112977,3184],{"class":99},[71,112979,121],{"class":89},[71,112981,112982],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,112983,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,112985,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996,112998,113001],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,112987,1102],{"class":77},[71,112989,82],{"class":81},[71,112991,70234],{"class":77},[71,112993,60],{"class":89},[71,112995,111410],{"class":133},[71,112997,90],{"class":89},[71,112999,113000],{"class":133},"more_letters",[71,113002,121],{"class":89},[71,113004,113005,113007,113009,113011],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,113006,128],{"class":127},[71,113008,90],{"class":89},[71,113010,2594],{"class":133},[71,113012,121],{"class":89},[20,113014,30150],{},[62,113016,113018],{"className":64,"code":113017,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113019,113020],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113021,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113023,219],{"class":89},[71,113025,100],{"class":99},[71,113027,56],{"class":103},[71,113029,100],{"class":99},[71,113031,109],{"class":89},[71,113033,231],{"class":99},[71,113035,176],{"class":103},[71,113037,100],{"class":99},[71,113039,109],{"class":89},[71,113041,231],{"class":99},[71,113043,694],{"class":103},[71,113045,100],{"class":99},[71,113047,109],{"class":89},[71,113049,231],{"class":99},[71,113051,18883],{"class":103},[71,113053,100],{"class":99},[71,113055,252],{"class":89},[350,113057,113059],{"id":113058},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113061,113062],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[62,113064,113066],{"className":64,"code":113065,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113067,113068,113093,113116,113120],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113069,113070,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113071,113072],{"class":77},"chars ",[71,113074,82],{"class":81},[71,113076,1456],{"class":89},[71,113078,3184],{"class":99},[71,113080,56],{"class":103},[71,113082,3184],{"class":99},[71,113084,109],{"class":89},[71,113086,3683],{"class":99},[71,113088,176],{"class":103},[71,113090,3184],{"class":99},[71,113092,252],{"class":89},[71,113094,113095,113097,113099,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113096,1102],{"class":77},[71,113098,82],{"class":81},[71,113100,113101],{"class":77}," chars",[71,113103,60],{"class":89},[71,113105,111410],{"class":133},[71,113107,90],{"class":89},[71,113109,3184],{"class":99},[71,113111,37174],{"class":103},[71,113113,3184],{"class":99},[71,113115,121],{"class":89},[71,113117,113118],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113119,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,113121,113122,113124,113126,113128],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,113123,128],{"class":127},[71,113125,90],{"class":89},[71,113127,2594],{"class":133},[71,113129,121],{"class":89},[20,113131,30150],{},[62,113133,113135],{"className":64,"code":113134,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113136,113137],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113138,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113140,219],{"class":89},[71,113142,100],{"class":99},[71,113144,56],{"class":103},[71,113146,100],{"class":99},[71,113148,109],{"class":89},[71,113150,231],{"class":99},[71,113152,176],{"class":103},[71,113154,100],{"class":99},[71,113156,109],{"class":89},[71,113158,231],{"class":99},[71,113160,694],{"class":103},[71,113162,100],{"class":99},[71,113164,109],{"class":89},[71,113166,231],{"class":99},[71,113168,63424],{"class":103},[71,113170,100],{"class":99},[71,113172,252],{"class":89},[20,113174,22306,113175,113178],{},[15,113176,113177],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[40,113180,113181,113185,113189],{},[43,113182,113183],{},[15,113184,66619],{},[43,113186,113187],{},[15,113188,18211],{},[43,113190,113191],{},[15,113192,113193],{},"\"t\"",[288,113195,113197,1552,113199],{"id":113196},"union-vs-update",[15,113198,102940],{},[15,113200,15066],{},[20,113202,113203,1560,113205,113207],{},[15,113204,102940],{},[15,113206,15066],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[350,113209,113210],{"id":111410},[15,113211,102940],{},[40,113213,113214,113216],{},[43,113215,110772],{},[43,113217,110781],{},[62,113219,113220],{"className":64,"code":112305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,113221,113222,113238,113254,113258,113276,113280,113292],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113223,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113225,2886],{"class":77},[71,113227,82],{"class":81},[71,113229,1456],{"class":89},[71,113231,3320],{"class":117},[71,113233,109],{"class":89},[71,113235,183],{"class":117},[71,113237,252],{"class":89},[71,113239,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113241,2913],{"class":77},[71,113243,82],{"class":81},[71,113245,1456],{"class":89},[71,113247,630],{"class":117},[71,113249,109],{"class":89},[71,113251,701],{"class":117},[71,113253,252],{"class":89},[71,113255,113256],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113257,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,113259,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272,113274],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,113261,1102],{"class":77},[71,113263,82],{"class":81},[71,113265,57023],{"class":77},[71,113267,60],{"class":89},[71,113269,111410],{"class":133},[71,113271,90],{"class":89},[71,113273,176],{"class":133},[71,113275,121],{"class":89},[71,113277,113278],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,113279,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,113281,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,113283,128],{"class":127},[71,113285,90],{"class":89},[71,113287,2594],{"class":133},[71,113289,3993],{"class":89},[71,113291,112378],{"class":1439},[71,113293,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,113295,128],{"class":127},[71,113297,90],{"class":89},[71,113299,56],{"class":133},[71,113301,3993],{"class":89},[71,113303,112391],{"class":1439},[350,113305,113306],{"id":30585},[15,113307,15066],{},[40,113309,113310,113313],{},[43,113311,113312],{},"changes the existing set in place",[43,113314,113315],{},"does not create a separate result set",[62,113317,113319],{"className":64,"code":113318,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113320,113321,113337,113353,113357,113371,113375],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113322,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113324,2886],{"class":77},[71,113326,82],{"class":81},[71,113328,1456],{"class":89},[71,113330,3320],{"class":117},[71,113332,109],{"class":89},[71,113334,183],{"class":117},[71,113336,252],{"class":89},[71,113338,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347,113349,113351],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113340,2913],{"class":77},[71,113342,82],{"class":81},[71,113344,1456],{"class":89},[71,113346,630],{"class":117},[71,113348,109],{"class":89},[71,113350,701],{"class":117},[71,113352,252],{"class":89},[71,113354,113355],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113356,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,113358,113359,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,113360,56],{"class":77},[71,113362,60],{"class":89},[71,113364,30585],{"class":133},[71,113366,90],{"class":89},[71,113368,176],{"class":133},[71,113370,121],{"class":89},[71,113372,113373],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,113374,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,113376,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,113378,128],{"class":127},[71,113380,90],{"class":89},[71,113382,56],{"class":133},[71,113384,3993],{"class":89},[71,113386,112378],{"class":1439},[20,113388,283,113389,113391],{},[15,113390,102940],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113393,113394,113395,60],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[56,113396,13,113397,1709],{"href":98660},[15,113398,97455],{},[288,113400,4855],{"id":4854},[350,113402,8794,113404,113406],{"id":113403},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113405,102940],{}," to change the original set",[20,113408,81965],{},[62,113410,113412],{"className":64,"code":113411,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113413,113414,113430,113446,113450,113464],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113415,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426,113428],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113417,2886],{"class":77},[71,113419,82],{"class":81},[71,113421,1456],{"class":89},[71,113423,3320],{"class":117},[71,113425,109],{"class":89},[71,113427,183],{"class":117},[71,113429,252],{"class":89},[71,113431,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442,113444],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113433,2913],{"class":77},[71,113435,82],{"class":81},[71,113437,1456],{"class":89},[71,113439,630],{"class":117},[71,113441,109],{"class":89},[71,113443,701],{"class":117},[71,113445,252],{"class":89},[71,113447,113448],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113449,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,113451,113452,113454,113456,113458,113460,113462],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,113453,56],{"class":77},[71,113455,60],{"class":89},[71,113457,111410],{"class":133},[71,113459,90],{"class":89},[71,113461,176],{"class":133},[71,113463,121],{"class":89},[71,113465,113466,113468,113470,113472],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,113467,128],{"class":127},[71,113469,90],{"class":89},[71,113471,56],{"class":133},[71,113473,121],{"class":89},[20,113475,209],{},[62,113477,113478],{"className":64,"code":100648,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,113479,113480],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113481,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113483,219],{"class":89},[71,113485,3320],{"class":117},[71,113487,109],{"class":89},[71,113489,183],{"class":117},[71,113491,252],{"class":89},[20,113493,8837,113494,113496],{},[15,113495,102940],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113498,113499],{},"Fix it like this:",[62,113501,113503],{"className":64,"code":113502,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113504,113505,113521,113537,113541,113559],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113506,113507,113509,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113508,2886],{"class":77},[71,113510,82],{"class":81},[71,113512,1456],{"class":89},[71,113514,3320],{"class":117},[71,113516,109],{"class":89},[71,113518,183],{"class":117},[71,113520,252],{"class":89},[71,113522,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113524,2913],{"class":77},[71,113526,82],{"class":81},[71,113528,1456],{"class":89},[71,113530,630],{"class":117},[71,113532,109],{"class":89},[71,113534,701],{"class":117},[71,113536,252],{"class":89},[71,113538,113539],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113540,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,113542,113543,113545,113547,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,113544,2886],{"class":77},[71,113546,82],{"class":81},[71,113548,57023],{"class":77},[71,113550,60],{"class":89},[71,113552,111410],{"class":133},[71,113554,90],{"class":89},[71,113556,176],{"class":133},[71,113558,121],{"class":89},[71,113560,113561,113563,113565,113567],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,113562,128],{"class":127},[71,113564,90],{"class":89},[71,113566,56],{"class":133},[71,113568,121],{"class":89},[350,113570,113572],{"id":113571},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113574,113575],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[62,113577,113579],{"className":64,"code":113578,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113580,113581,113597,113613,113617],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113582,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591,113593,113595],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113584,2886],{"class":77},[71,113586,82],{"class":81},[71,113588,1456],{"class":89},[71,113590,640],{"class":117},[71,113592,109],{"class":89},[71,113594,165],{"class":117},[71,113596,252],{"class":89},[71,113598,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113600,2913],{"class":77},[71,113602,82],{"class":81},[71,113604,1456],{"class":89},[71,113606,630],{"class":117},[71,113608,109],{"class":89},[71,113610,2788],{"class":117},[71,113612,252],{"class":89},[71,113614,113615],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113616,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,113618,113619,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631,113633],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,113620,128],{"class":127},[71,113622,90],{"class":89},[71,113624,56],{"class":133},[71,113626,60],{"class":89},[71,113628,111410],{"class":133},[71,113630,90],{"class":89},[71,113632,176],{"class":133},[71,113634,204],{"class":89},[20,113636,113637],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[350,113639,113641],{"id":113640},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[62,113643,113645],{"className":64,"code":113644,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113646,113647,113663,113685],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113648,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113650,4405],{"class":77},[71,113652,82],{"class":81},[71,113654,1456],{"class":89},[71,113656,3184],{"class":99},[71,113658,58263],{"class":103},[71,113660,3184],{"class":99},[71,113662,252],{"class":89},[71,113664,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113666,1102],{"class":77},[71,113668,82],{"class":81},[71,113670,6505],{"class":77},[71,113672,60],{"class":89},[71,113674,111410],{"class":133},[71,113676,90],{"class":89},[71,113678,3184],{"class":99},[71,113680,37174],{"class":103},[71,113682,3184],{"class":99},[71,113684,121],{"class":89},[71,113686,113687,113689,113691,113693],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113688,128],{"class":127},[71,113690,90],{"class":89},[71,113692,2594],{"class":133},[71,113694,121],{"class":89},[20,113696,113697,113698,2518,113700,17186,113702,113704,113705,113707],{},"This adds ",[15,113699,66619],{},[15,113701,18211],{},[15,113703,113193],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113706,113177],{}," as one item.",[20,113709,113710],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[62,113712,113714],{"className":64,"code":113713,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113715,113716,113732,113754],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113717,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113719,4405],{"class":77},[71,113721,82],{"class":81},[71,113723,1456],{"class":89},[71,113725,3184],{"class":99},[71,113727,58263],{"class":103},[71,113729,3184],{"class":99},[71,113731,252],{"class":89},[71,113733,113734,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113735,1102],{"class":77},[71,113737,82],{"class":81},[71,113739,6505],{"class":77},[71,113741,60],{"class":89},[71,113743,111410],{"class":133},[71,113745,3317],{"class":89},[71,113747,3184],{"class":99},[71,113749,37174],{"class":103},[71,113751,3184],{"class":99},[71,113753,4222],{"class":89},[71,113755,113756,113758,113760,113762],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113757,128],{"class":127},[71,113759,90],{"class":89},[71,113761,2594],{"class":133},[71,113763,121],{"class":89},[350,113765,113767],{"id":113766},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113769,1052],{},[62,113771,113773],{"className":64,"code":113772,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113774,113775],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113776,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113778,15741],{"class":77},[71,113780,82],{"class":81},[71,113782,1456],{"class":89},[71,113784,3320],{"class":117},[71,113786,109],{"class":89},[71,113788,183],{"class":117},[71,113790,109],{"class":89},[71,113792,1740],{"class":89},[71,113794,640],{"class":117},[71,113796,109],{"class":89},[71,113798,2788],{"class":117},[71,113800,13817],{"class":89},[20,113802,113803],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113805,113806,113807,228],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113808,102940],{},[62,113810,113812],{"className":64,"code":113811,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113813,113814,113830,113852],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113815,113816,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826,113828],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113817,15741],{"class":77},[71,113819,82],{"class":81},[71,113821,1456],{"class":89},[71,113823,3320],{"class":117},[71,113825,109],{"class":89},[71,113827,183],{"class":117},[71,113829,252],{"class":89},[71,113831,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113833,1102],{"class":77},[71,113835,82],{"class":81},[71,113837,97065],{"class":77},[71,113839,60],{"class":89},[71,113841,111410],{"class":133},[71,113843,3317],{"class":89},[71,113845,640],{"class":117},[71,113847,109],{"class":89},[71,113849,2788],{"class":117},[71,113851,4222],{"class":89},[71,113853,113854,113856,113858,113860],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113855,128],{"class":127},[71,113857,90],{"class":89},[71,113859,2594],{"class":133},[71,113861,121],{"class":89},[288,113863,113865],{"id":113864},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113867,113868],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[40,113870,113871,113877,113884,113887],{},[43,113872,113873,113874,113876],{},"call ",[15,113875,102940],{}," without saving the returned set",[43,113878,113879,113880,9046,113882],{},"confuse ",[15,113881,102940],{},[15,113883,15066],{},[43,113885,113886],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[43,113888,113889],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113891,113892,113893,1560,113897,60],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[56,113894,13,113895,1709],{"href":102929},[15,113896,106714],{},[56,113898,13,113900,1709],{"href":113899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113901,100560],{},[20,113903,62432],{},[62,113905,113907],{"className":64,"code":113906,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113908,113909,113919,113933,113943],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,113910,113911,113913,113915,113917],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,113912,128],{"class":127},[71,113914,90],{"class":89},[71,113916,15779],{"class":133},[71,113918,121],{"class":89},[71,113920,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,113922,128],{"class":127},[71,113924,90],{"class":89},[71,113926,735],{"class":85},[71,113928,90],{"class":89},[71,113930,15779],{"class":133},[71,113932,204],{"class":89},[71,113934,113935,113937,113939,113941],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,113936,128],{"class":127},[71,113938,90],{"class":89},[71,113940,2594],{"class":133},[71,113942,121],{"class":89},[71,113944,113945,113947,113949,113951,113953,113955],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,113946,32274],{"class":127},[71,113948,90],{"class":89},[71,113950,6624],{"class":85},[71,113952,60],{"class":89},[71,113954,111410],{"class":24868},[71,113956,121],{"class":89},[288,113958,2163],{"id":2162},[350,113960,12813,113962,102880],{"id":113961},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113963,108184],{},[20,113965,102883],{},[350,113967,2184,113969,113971],{"id":113968},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113970,102940],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113973,113974],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[350,113976,28448,113978,113980],{"id":113977},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113979,102940],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113982,42282,113983,113985],{},[15,113984,102940],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[350,113987,113989],{"id":113988},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113991,113992],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[350,113994,2167,113996,1560,113998,2172],{"id":113995},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113997,102940],{},[15,113999,114000],{},"|",[20,114002,114003,114004,114006,114007,114009],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114005,114000],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114008,102940],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[288,114011,2221],{"id":2220},[40,114013,114014,114018,114024,114030,114036],{},[43,114015,114016],{},[56,114017,96469],{"href":97640},[43,114019,114020],{},[56,114021,13,114022,1709],{"href":98660},[15,114023,97455],{},[43,114025,114026],{},[56,114027,13,114028,1709],{"href":102929},[15,114029,106714],{},[43,114031,114032],{},[56,114033,13,114034,1709],{"href":113899},[15,114035,100560],{},[43,114037,114038],{},[56,114039,100485],{"href":99218},[2250,114041,114042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":114044},[114045,114046,114048,114049,114050,114051,114053,114059,114064,114071,114072,114083],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":112140,"depth":124,"text":114047},"What set.union() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":22086,"depth":124,"text":22087},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":112627,"depth":124,"text":114052},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112785,"depth":124,"text":114054,"children":114055},"Using union() with other iterables",[114056,114057,114058],{"id":112796,"depth":139,"text":112797},{"id":112916,"depth":139,"text":112917},{"id":113058,"depth":139,"text":113059},{"id":113196,"depth":124,"text":114060,"children":114061},"union() vs update()",[114062,114063],{"id":111410,"depth":139,"text":102940},{"id":30585,"depth":139,"text":15066},{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":114065},[114066,114068,114069,114070],{"id":113403,"depth":139,"text":114067},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113571,"depth":139,"text":113572},{"id":113640,"depth":139,"text":113641},{"id":113766,"depth":139,"text":113767},{"id":113864,"depth":124,"text":113865},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":114073},[114074,114076,114078,114080,114081],{"id":113961,"depth":139,"text":114075},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113968,"depth":139,"text":114077},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113977,"depth":139,"text":114079},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113988,"depth":139,"text":113989},{"id":113995,"depth":139,"text":114082},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112020,"description":114084},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114090,"title":114091,"body":114092,"description":115981,"extension":2292,"meta":115982,"navigation":142,"path":96954,"seo":115983,"stem":115984,"__hash__":115985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114093,"toc":115947},[114094,114099,114104,114112,114114,114172,114177,114182,114186,114198,114201,114275,114280,114282,114284,114303,114305,114322,114325,114352,114354,114424,114428,114430,114436,114438,114499,114504,114506,114563,114567,114572,114637,114639,114659,114666,114670,114675,114760,114763,114770,114873,114877,114882,114940,114943,114954,114968,114975,115033,115040,115043,115053,115057,115115,115119,115185,115188,115246,115253,115260,115263,115267,115276,115345,115349,115355,115443,115453,115457,115461,115465,115468,115529,115534,115591,115595,115597,115632,115639,115641,115695,115702,115706,115709,115774,115783,115789,115846,115848,115853,115857,115861,115864,115871,115879,115883,115888,115892,115898,115900,115935,115944],[10,114095,96341,114097,11428],{"id":114096},"python-set-update-method",[15,114098,15066],{},[20,114100,114101,114103],{},[15,114102,97455],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114105,114106,114107,114111],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[56,114108,114109],{"href":98641},[15,114110,96349],{},", which adds only one item.",[288,114113,3940],{"id":3939},[62,114115,114117],{"className":64,"code":114116,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114118,114119,114135,114157,114167],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114120,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129,114131,114133],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114122,3950],{"class":77},[71,114124,82],{"class":81},[71,114126,1456],{"class":89},[71,114128,3320],{"class":117},[71,114130,109],{"class":89},[71,114132,183],{"class":117},[71,114134,252],{"class":89},[71,114136,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114138,3980],{"class":77},[71,114140,60],{"class":89},[71,114142,30585],{"class":133},[71,114144,3317],{"class":89},[71,114146,630],{"class":117},[71,114148,109],{"class":89},[71,114150,701],{"class":117},[71,114152,109],{"class":89},[71,114154,2788],{"class":117},[71,114156,4222],{"class":89},[71,114158,114159,114161,114163,114165],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114160,128],{"class":127},[71,114162,90],{"class":89},[71,114164,3980],{"class":133},[71,114166,121],{"class":89},[71,114168,114169],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114170,114171],{"class":1439},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114173,283,114174,114176],{},[15,114175,15066],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[288,114178,291,114180,294],{"id":114179},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114181,97455],{},[20,114183,114184,228],{},[15,114185,97455],{},[40,114187,114188,114191,114193,114196],{},[43,114189,114190],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[43,114192,96456],{},[43,114194,114195],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[43,114197,96459],{},[20,114199,114200],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[62,114202,114204],{"className":64,"code":114203,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114205,114206,114230,114256,114260,114270],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114207,114208,114210,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222,114224,114226,114228],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114209,13186],{"class":77},[71,114211,82],{"class":81},[71,114213,1456],{"class":89},[71,114215,3184],{"class":99},[71,114217,13203],{"class":103},[71,114219,3184],{"class":99},[71,114221,109],{"class":89},[71,114223,3683],{"class":99},[71,114225,13220],{"class":103},[71,114227,3184],{"class":99},[71,114229,252],{"class":89},[71,114231,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114233,17617],{"class":77},[71,114235,60],{"class":89},[71,114237,30585],{"class":133},[71,114239,3317],{"class":89},[71,114241,3184],{"class":99},[71,114243,13220],{"class":103},[71,114245,3184],{"class":99},[71,114247,109],{"class":89},[71,114249,3683],{"class":99},[71,114251,17570],{"class":103},[71,114253,3184],{"class":99},[71,114255,4222],{"class":89},[71,114257,114258],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114259,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114261,114262,114264,114266,114268],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114263,128],{"class":127},[71,114265,90],{"class":89},[71,114267,17617],{"class":133},[71,114269,121],{"class":89},[71,114271,114272],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,114273,114274],{"class":1439},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114276,21094,114277,114279],{},[15,114278,111175],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[288,114281,343],{"id":342},[20,114283,7558],{},[62,114285,114287],{"className":64,"code":114286,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114288,114289],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114290,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114292,15779],{"class":77},[71,114294,60],{"class":89},[71,114296,30585],{"class":133},[71,114298,90],{"class":89},[71,114300,4052],{"class":133},[71,114302,121],{"class":89},[20,114304,80341],{},[40,114306,114307,114310,114313,114316,114319],{},[43,114308,114309],{},"A list",[43,114311,114312],{},"A tuple",[43,114314,114315],{},"Another set",[43,114317,114318],{},"A string",[43,114320,114321],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114323,114324],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[62,114326,114328],{"className":64,"code":114327,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114329,114330],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114331,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114333,15779],{"class":77},[71,114335,60],{"class":89},[71,114337,30585],{"class":133},[71,114339,90],{"class":89},[71,114341,56],{"class":133},[71,114343,109],{"class":89},[71,114345,625],{"class":133},[71,114347,109],{"class":89},[71,114349,635],{"class":133},[71,114351,121],{"class":89},[20,114353,2537],{},[62,114355,114357],{"className":64,"code":114356,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114358,114359,114371,114405,114409,114419],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114360,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114362,4154],{"class":77},[71,114364,82],{"class":81},[71,114366,1456],{"class":89},[71,114368,3320],{"class":117},[71,114370,252],{"class":89},[71,114372,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381,114383,114385,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399,114401,114403],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114374,5694],{"class":77},[71,114376,60],{"class":89},[71,114378,30585],{"class":133},[71,114380,3317],{"class":89},[71,114382,630],{"class":117},[71,114384,109],{"class":89},[71,114386,701],{"class":117},[71,114388,18177],{"class":89},[71,114390,171],{"class":89},[71,114392,2836],{"class":117},[71,114394,109],{"class":89},[71,114396,4941],{"class":117},[71,114398,168],{"class":89},[71,114400,1456],{"class":89},[71,114402,80732],{"class":117},[71,114404,30617],{"class":89},[71,114406,114407],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114408,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114410,114411,114413,114415,114417],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114412,128],{"class":127},[71,114414,90],{"class":89},[71,114416,5694],{"class":133},[71,114418,121],{"class":89},[71,114420,114421],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,114422,114423],{"class":1439},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114425,96465,114426,60],{},[56,114427,96473],{"href":98024},[288,114429,22087],{"id":22086},[20,114431,114432,2728,114434,60],{},[15,114433,97455],{},[15,114435,4110],{},[20,114437,11822],{},[62,114439,114441],{"className":64,"code":114440,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114442,114443,114459,114481,114485,114495],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114444,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114446,3950],{"class":77},[71,114448,82],{"class":81},[71,114450,1456],{"class":89},[71,114452,3320],{"class":117},[71,114454,109],{"class":89},[71,114456,183],{"class":117},[71,114458,252],{"class":89},[71,114460,114461,114463,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473,114475,114477,114479],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114462,1102],{"class":77},[71,114464,82],{"class":81},[71,114466,4599],{"class":77},[71,114468,60],{"class":89},[71,114470,30585],{"class":133},[71,114472,3317],{"class":89},[71,114474,640],{"class":117},[71,114476,109],{"class":89},[71,114478,2788],{"class":117},[71,114480,4222],{"class":89},[71,114482,114483],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114484,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114486,114487,114489,114491,114493],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114488,128],{"class":127},[71,114490,90],{"class":89},[71,114492,2594],{"class":133},[71,114494,121],{"class":89},[71,114496,114497],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,114498,61968],{"class":1439},[20,114500,114501,114502,60],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114503,2594],{},[20,114505,19084],{},[62,114507,114509],{"className":64,"code":114508,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114510,114511,114527,114545,114549,114559],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114512,114513,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114514,3950],{"class":77},[71,114516,82],{"class":81},[71,114518,1456],{"class":89},[71,114520,3320],{"class":117},[71,114522,109],{"class":89},[71,114524,183],{"class":117},[71,114526,252],{"class":89},[71,114528,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541,114543],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114530,3980],{"class":77},[71,114532,60],{"class":89},[71,114534,30585],{"class":133},[71,114536,3317],{"class":89},[71,114538,640],{"class":117},[71,114540,109],{"class":89},[71,114542,2788],{"class":117},[71,114544,4222],{"class":89},[71,114546,114547],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114548,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114550,114551,114553,114555,114557],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114552,128],{"class":127},[71,114554,90],{"class":89},[71,114556,3980],{"class":133},[71,114558,121],{"class":89},[71,114560,114561],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,114562,114171],{"class":1439},[288,114564,114566],{"id":114565},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114568,114569,114570,60],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114571,15066],{},[62,114573,114575],{"className":64,"code":114574,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114576,114577,114593,114619,114623,114633],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114578,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114580,3950],{"class":77},[71,114582,82],{"class":81},[71,114584,1456],{"class":89},[71,114586,3320],{"class":117},[71,114588,109],{"class":89},[71,114590,183],{"class":117},[71,114592,252],{"class":89},[71,114594,114595,114597,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114596,3980],{"class":77},[71,114598,60],{"class":89},[71,114600,30585],{"class":133},[71,114602,3317],{"class":89},[71,114604,630],{"class":117},[71,114606,109],{"class":89},[71,114608,701],{"class":117},[71,114610,109],{"class":89},[71,114612,2788],{"class":117},[71,114614,109],{"class":89},[71,114616,2788],{"class":117},[71,114618,4222],{"class":89},[71,114620,114621],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114622,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114624,114625,114627,114629,114631],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114626,128],{"class":127},[71,114628,90],{"class":89},[71,114630,3980],{"class":133},[71,114632,121],{"class":89},[71,114634,114635],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,114636,114171],{"class":1439},[20,114638,11791],{},[40,114640,114641,114646,114653],{},[43,114642,114643,114645],{},[15,114644,630],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[43,114647,114648,1560,114650,114652],{},[15,114649,640],{},[15,114651,2836],{}," are added",[43,114654,114655,114656,114658],{},"The second ",[15,114657,2836],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114660,114661,114662,114665],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[56,114663,114664],{"href":99218},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[288,114667,114669],{"id":114668},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114671,8102,114672,114674],{},[15,114673,15066],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[62,114676,114678],{"className":64,"code":114677,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114679,114680,114701,114722,114726,114742,114746,114756],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114681,114682,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697,114699],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114683,114684],{"class":77},"set_a ",[71,114686,82],{"class":81},[71,114688,1456],{"class":89},[71,114690,3320],{"class":117},[71,114692,109],{"class":89},[71,114694,183],{"class":117},[71,114696,109],{"class":89},[71,114698,701],{"class":117},[71,114700,252],{"class":89},[71,114702,114703,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114704,114705],{"class":77},"set_b ",[71,114707,82],{"class":81},[71,114709,1456],{"class":89},[71,114711,640],{"class":117},[71,114713,109],{"class":89},[71,114715,2788],{"class":117},[71,114717,109],{"class":89},[71,114719,4941],{"class":117},[71,114721,252],{"class":89},[71,114723,114724],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114725,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114727,114728,114731,114733,114735,114737,114740],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114729,114730],{"class":77},"set_a",[71,114732,60],{"class":89},[71,114734,30585],{"class":133},[71,114736,90],{"class":89},[71,114738,114739],{"class":133},"set_b",[71,114741,121],{"class":89},[71,114743,114744],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,114745,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114747,114748,114750,114752,114754],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,114749,128],{"class":127},[71,114751,90],{"class":89},[71,114753,114730],{"class":133},[71,114755,121],{"class":89},[71,114757,114758],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,114759,112132],{"class":1439},[20,114761,114762],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114764,114765,114766,60],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[56,114767,114768],{"href":102937},[15,114769,108184],{},[62,114771,114773],{"className":64,"code":114772,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114774,114775,114795,114815,114819,114839,114843,114854,114858,114868],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114776,114777,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787,114789,114791,114793],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114778,114684],{"class":77},[71,114780,82],{"class":81},[71,114782,1456],{"class":89},[71,114784,3320],{"class":117},[71,114786,109],{"class":89},[71,114788,183],{"class":117},[71,114790,109],{"class":89},[71,114792,701],{"class":117},[71,114794,252],{"class":89},[71,114796,114797,114799,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114798,114705],{"class":77},[71,114800,82],{"class":81},[71,114802,1456],{"class":89},[71,114804,640],{"class":117},[71,114806,109],{"class":89},[71,114808,2788],{"class":117},[71,114810,109],{"class":89},[71,114812,4941],{"class":117},[71,114814,252],{"class":89},[71,114816,114817],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114818,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114820,114821,114824,114826,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114822,114823],{"class":77},"combined ",[71,114825,82],{"class":81},[71,114827,114828],{"class":77}," set_a",[71,114830,60],{"class":89},[71,114832,111410],{"class":133},[71,114834,90],{"class":89},[71,114836,114739],{"class":133},[71,114838,121],{"class":89},[71,114840,114841],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,114842,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114844,114845,114847,114849,114852],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,114846,128],{"class":127},[71,114848,90],{"class":89},[71,114850,114851],{"class":133},"combined",[71,114853,121],{"class":89},[71,114855,114856],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,114857,112132],{"class":1439},[71,114859,114860,114862,114864,114866],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,114861,128],{"class":127},[71,114863,90],{"class":89},[71,114865,114730],{"class":133},[71,114867,121],{"class":89},[71,114869,114870],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,114871,114872],{"class":1439},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[288,114874,114876],{"id":114875},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114878,64877,114879,114881],{},[15,114880,15066],{}," adds each character separately.",[62,114883,114885],{"className":64,"code":114884,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114886,114887,114903,114921,114925,114935],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114888,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114890,36216],{"class":77},[71,114892,82],{"class":81},[71,114894,1456],{"class":89},[71,114896,3184],{"class":99},[71,114898,1986],{"class":103},[71,114900,3184],{"class":99},[71,114902,252],{"class":89},[71,114904,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114906,36269],{"class":77},[71,114908,60],{"class":89},[71,114910,30585],{"class":133},[71,114912,90],{"class":89},[71,114914,3184],{"class":99},[71,114916,37174],{"class":103},[71,114918,3184],{"class":99},[71,114920,121],{"class":89},[71,114922,114923],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,114924,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,114926,114927,114929,114931,114933],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,114928,128],{"class":127},[71,114930,90],{"class":89},[71,114932,36269],{"class":133},[71,114934,121],{"class":89},[71,114936,114937],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,114938,114939],{"class":1439},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114941,114942],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114944,114945,14165,114948,114950,114951,114953],{},[15,114946,114947],{},"update(\"cat\")",[30,114949,4967],{}," add ",[15,114952,113177],{}," as one item. It adds:",[40,114955,114956,114960,114964],{},[43,114957,114958],{},[15,114959,66619],{},[43,114961,114962],{},[15,114963,18211],{},[43,114965,114966],{},[15,114967,113193],{},[20,114969,114970,114971,228],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[56,114972,114973],{"href":98641},[15,114974,96349],{},[62,114976,114978],{"className":64,"code":114977,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114979,114980,114996,115014,115018,115028],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,114981,114982,114984,114986,114988,114990,114992,114994],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,114983,4405],{"class":77},[71,114985,82],{"class":81},[71,114987,1456],{"class":89},[71,114989,3184],{"class":99},[71,114991,58263],{"class":103},[71,114993,3184],{"class":99},[71,114995,252],{"class":89},[71,114997,114998,115000,115002,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,114999,4449],{"class":77},[71,115001,60],{"class":89},[71,115003,82244],{"class":133},[71,115005,90],{"class":89},[71,115007,3184],{"class":99},[71,115009,37174],{"class":103},[71,115011,3184],{"class":99},[71,115013,121],{"class":89},[71,115015,115016],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115017,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115021,128],{"class":127},[71,115023,90],{"class":89},[71,115025,4449],{"class":133},[71,115027,121],{"class":89},[71,115029,115030],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115031,115032],{"class":1439},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[288,115034,115036,1552,115038],{"id":115035},"update-vs-add",[15,115037,15066],{},[15,115039,96344],{},[20,115041,115042],{},"The difference is simple:",[40,115044,115045,115049],{},[43,115046,115047,96943],{},[15,115048,96344],{},[43,115050,115051,96948],{},[15,115052,15066],{},[20,115054,46172,115055,228],{},[15,115056,96344],{},[62,115058,115060],{"className":64,"code":115059,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115061,115062,115078,115096,115100,115110],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115063,115064,115066,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115065,36365],{"class":77},[71,115067,82],{"class":81},[71,115069,1456],{"class":89},[71,115071,3184],{"class":99},[71,115073,4414],{"class":103},[71,115075,3184],{"class":99},[71,115077,252],{"class":89},[71,115079,115080,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115081,36417],{"class":77},[71,115083,60],{"class":89},[71,115085,82244],{"class":133},[71,115087,90],{"class":89},[71,115089,3184],{"class":99},[71,115091,4423],{"class":103},[71,115093,3184],{"class":99},[71,115095,121],{"class":89},[71,115097,115098],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115099,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115101,115102,115104,115106,115108],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115103,128],{"class":127},[71,115105,90],{"class":89},[71,115107,36417],{"class":133},[71,115109,121],{"class":89},[71,115111,115112],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115113,115114],{"class":1439},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115116,46172,115117,228],{},[15,115118,15066],{},[62,115120,115122],{"className":64,"code":115121,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115123,115124,115140,115166,115170,115180],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115125,115126,115128,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115127,36365],{"class":77},[71,115129,82],{"class":81},[71,115131,1456],{"class":89},[71,115133,3184],{"class":99},[71,115135,4414],{"class":103},[71,115137,3184],{"class":99},[71,115139,252],{"class":89},[71,115141,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115143,36417],{"class":77},[71,115145,60],{"class":89},[71,115147,30585],{"class":133},[71,115149,3317],{"class":89},[71,115151,3184],{"class":99},[71,115153,4423],{"class":103},[71,115155,3184],{"class":99},[71,115157,109],{"class":89},[71,115159,3683],{"class":99},[71,115161,33343],{"class":103},[71,115163,3184],{"class":99},[71,115165,4222],{"class":89},[71,115167,115168],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115169,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115171,115172,115174,115176,115178],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115173,128],{"class":127},[71,115175,90],{"class":89},[71,115177,36417],{"class":133},[71,115179,121],{"class":89},[71,115181,115182],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115183,115184],{"class":1439},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115186,115187],{},"Important warning with strings:",[62,115189,115191],{"className":64,"code":115190,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115192,115193,115209,115227,115231,115241],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115194,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205,115207],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115196,36365],{"class":77},[71,115198,82],{"class":81},[71,115200,1456],{"class":89},[71,115202,3184],{"class":99},[71,115204,4414],{"class":103},[71,115206,3184],{"class":99},[71,115208,252],{"class":89},[71,115210,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221,115223,115225],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115212,36417],{"class":77},[71,115214,60],{"class":89},[71,115216,30585],{"class":133},[71,115218,90],{"class":89},[71,115220,3184],{"class":99},[71,115222,38469],{"class":103},[71,115224,3184],{"class":99},[71,115226,121],{"class":89},[71,115228,115229],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115230,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115232,115233,115235,115237,115239],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115234,128],{"class":127},[71,115236,90],{"class":89},[71,115238,36417],{"class":133},[71,115240,121],{"class":89},[71,115242,115243],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115244,115245],{"class":1439},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115247,62243,115248,62316,115251,6970],{},[15,115249,115250],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115252,96344],{},[288,115254,115256,1552,115258],{"id":115255},"update-vs-union",[15,115257,15066],{},[15,115259,102940],{},[20,115261,115262],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[350,115264,115265],{"id":30585},[15,115266,15066],{},[40,115268,115269,115272],{},[43,115270,115271],{},"Changes the existing set",[43,115273,11530,115274],{},[15,115275,4110],{},[62,115277,115279],{"className":64,"code":115278,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115280,115281,115297,115313,115317,115331,115341],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115282,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291,115293,115295],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115284,2886],{"class":77},[71,115286,82],{"class":81},[71,115288,1456],{"class":89},[71,115290,3320],{"class":117},[71,115292,109],{"class":89},[71,115294,183],{"class":117},[71,115296,252],{"class":89},[71,115298,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115300,2913],{"class":77},[71,115302,82],{"class":81},[71,115304,1456],{"class":89},[71,115306,630],{"class":117},[71,115308,109],{"class":89},[71,115310,701],{"class":117},[71,115312,252],{"class":89},[71,115314,115315],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115316,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115318,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115320,56],{"class":77},[71,115322,60],{"class":89},[71,115324,30585],{"class":133},[71,115326,90],{"class":89},[71,115328,176],{"class":133},[71,115330,121],{"class":89},[71,115332,115333,115335,115337,115339],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115334,128],{"class":127},[71,115336,90],{"class":89},[71,115338,56],{"class":133},[71,115340,121],{"class":89},[71,115342,115343],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,115344,114872],{"class":1439},[350,115346,115347],{"id":111410},[15,115348,102940],{},[40,115350,115351,115353],{},[43,115352,101478],{},[43,115354,101481],{},[62,115356,115358],{"className":64,"code":115357,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115359,115360,115376,115392,115396,115414,115424,115428,115438],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115361,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115363,2886],{"class":77},[71,115365,82],{"class":81},[71,115367,1456],{"class":89},[71,115369,3320],{"class":117},[71,115371,109],{"class":89},[71,115373,183],{"class":117},[71,115375,252],{"class":89},[71,115377,115378,115380,115382,115384,115386,115388,115390],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115379,2913],{"class":77},[71,115381,82],{"class":81},[71,115383,1456],{"class":89},[71,115385,630],{"class":117},[71,115387,109],{"class":89},[71,115389,701],{"class":117},[71,115391,252],{"class":89},[71,115393,115394],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115395,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115397,115398,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115399,83324],{"class":77},[71,115401,82],{"class":81},[71,115403,57023],{"class":77},[71,115405,60],{"class":89},[71,115407,111410],{"class":133},[71,115409,90],{"class":89},[71,115411,176],{"class":133},[71,115413,121],{"class":89},[71,115415,115416,115418,115420,115422],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115417,128],{"class":127},[71,115419,90],{"class":89},[71,115421,694],{"class":133},[71,115423,121],{"class":89},[71,115425,115426],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,115427,114872],{"class":1439},[71,115429,115430,115432,115434,115436],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,115431,128],{"class":127},[71,115433,90],{"class":89},[71,115435,56],{"class":133},[71,115437,121],{"class":89},[71,115439,115440],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,115441,115442],{"class":1439},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115444,107826,115445,115447,115448,115452],{},[15,115446,15066],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[56,115449,115450],{"href":102937},[15,115451,102940],{}," when you want a new set.",[288,115454,115456],{"id":115455},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115458,1716,115459,60],{},[15,115460,97455],{},[350,115462,115464],{"id":115463},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115466,115467],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[62,115469,115471],{"className":64,"code":115470,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115472,115473,115489,115511,115515,115525],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115474,115475,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115476,15741],{"class":77},[71,115478,82],{"class":81},[71,115480,1456],{"class":89},[71,115482,3320],{"class":117},[71,115484,109],{"class":89},[71,115486,183],{"class":117},[71,115488,252],{"class":89},[71,115490,115491,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503,115505,115507,115509],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115492,1102],{"class":77},[71,115494,82],{"class":81},[71,115496,97065],{"class":77},[71,115498,60],{"class":89},[71,115500,30585],{"class":133},[71,115502,3317],{"class":89},[71,115504,640],{"class":117},[71,115506,109],{"class":89},[71,115508,2788],{"class":117},[71,115510,4222],{"class":89},[71,115512,115513],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115514,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115516,115517,115519,115521,115523],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115518,128],{"class":127},[71,115520,90],{"class":89},[71,115522,2594],{"class":133},[71,115524,121],{"class":89},[71,115526,115527],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115528,61968],{"class":1439},[20,115530,115531,115532,228],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115533,15066],{},[62,115535,115537],{"className":64,"code":115536,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115538,115539,115555,115573,115577,115587],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115540,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551,115553],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115542,15741],{"class":77},[71,115544,82],{"class":81},[71,115546,1456],{"class":89},[71,115548,3320],{"class":117},[71,115550,109],{"class":89},[71,115552,183],{"class":117},[71,115554,252],{"class":89},[71,115556,115557,115559,115561,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115558,15779],{"class":77},[71,115560,60],{"class":89},[71,115562,30585],{"class":133},[71,115564,3317],{"class":89},[71,115566,640],{"class":117},[71,115568,109],{"class":89},[71,115570,2788],{"class":117},[71,115572,4222],{"class":89},[71,115574,115575],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115576,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115578,115579,115581,115583,115585],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115580,128],{"class":127},[71,115582,90],{"class":89},[71,115584,15779],{"class":133},[71,115586,121],{"class":89},[71,115588,115589],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115590,114171],{"class":1439},[350,115592,115594],{"id":115593},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115596,1052],{},[62,115598,115600],{"className":64,"code":115599,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115601,115602,115618],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115603,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115605,15741],{"class":77},[71,115607,82],{"class":81},[71,115609,1456],{"class":89},[71,115611,3320],{"class":117},[71,115613,109],{"class":89},[71,115615,183],{"class":117},[71,115617,252],{"class":89},[71,115619,115620,115622,115624,115626,115628,115630],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115621,15779],{"class":77},[71,115623,60],{"class":89},[71,115625,30585],{"class":133},[71,115627,90],{"class":89},[71,115629,2466],{"class":117},[71,115631,121],{"class":89},[20,115633,62422,115634,8943,115636,115638],{},[15,115635,3337],{},[15,115637,2466],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115640,6893],{},[62,115642,115644],{"className":64,"code":115643,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115645,115646,115662,115676,115680,115690],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115647,115648,115650,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115649,15741],{"class":77},[71,115651,82],{"class":81},[71,115653,1456],{"class":89},[71,115655,3320],{"class":117},[71,115657,109],{"class":89},[71,115659,183],{"class":117},[71,115661,252],{"class":89},[71,115663,115664,115666,115668,115670,115672,115674],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115665,15779],{"class":77},[71,115667,60],{"class":89},[71,115669,30585],{"class":133},[71,115671,3317],{"class":89},[71,115673,2466],{"class":117},[71,115675,4222],{"class":89},[71,115677,115678],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115679,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115681,115682,115684,115686,115688],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115683,128],{"class":127},[71,115685,90],{"class":89},[71,115687,15779],{"class":133},[71,115689,121],{"class":89},[71,115691,115692],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115693,115694],{"class":1439},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115696,46045,115697,60],{},[56,115698,25798,115699],{"href":52734},[15,115700,115701],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[350,115703,115705],{"id":115704},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115707,115708],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[62,115710,115712],{"className":64,"code":115711,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115713,115714,115730,115756,115760,115770],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115715,115716,115718,115720,115722,115724,115726,115728],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115717,15741],{"class":77},[71,115719,82],{"class":81},[71,115721,1456],{"class":89},[71,115723,3320],{"class":117},[71,115725,109],{"class":89},[71,115727,183],{"class":117},[71,115729,252],{"class":89},[71,115731,115732,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115733,15779],{"class":77},[71,115735,60],{"class":89},[71,115737,30585],{"class":133},[71,115739,3317],{"class":89},[71,115741,630],{"class":117},[71,115743,109],{"class":89},[71,115745,183],{"class":117},[71,115747,109],{"class":89},[71,115749,183],{"class":117},[71,115751,109],{"class":89},[71,115753,701],{"class":117},[71,115755,4222],{"class":89},[71,115757,115758],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115759,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115761,115762,115764,115766,115768],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115763,128],{"class":127},[71,115765,90],{"class":89},[71,115767,15779],{"class":133},[71,115769,121],{"class":89},[71,115771,115772],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115773,114872],{"class":1439},[350,115775,115777,115778,44761,115780,115782],{"id":115776},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115779,15066],{},[15,115781,96344],{}," is better",[20,115784,115785,115786,115788],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115787,96344],{}," is usually the better choice.",[62,115790,115792],{"className":64,"code":115791,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115793,115794,115810,115828,115832,115842],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,115795,115796,115798,115800,115802,115804,115806,115808],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,115797,15741],{"class":77},[71,115799,82],{"class":81},[71,115801,1456],{"class":89},[71,115803,3184],{"class":99},[71,115805,58263],{"class":103},[71,115807,3184],{"class":99},[71,115809,252],{"class":89},[71,115811,115812,115814,115816,115818,115820,115822,115824,115826],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,115813,15779],{"class":77},[71,115815,60],{"class":89},[71,115817,82244],{"class":133},[71,115819,90],{"class":89},[71,115821,3184],{"class":99},[71,115823,37174],{"class":103},[71,115825,3184],{"class":99},[71,115827,121],{"class":89},[71,115829,115830],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,115831,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,115833,115834,115836,115838,115840],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,115835,128],{"class":127},[71,115837,90],{"class":89},[71,115839,15779],{"class":133},[71,115841,121],{"class":89},[71,115843,115844],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,115845,115032],{"class":1439},[288,115847,2163],{"id":2162},[350,115849,12813,115851,97434],{"id":115850},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115852,97455],{},[20,115854,97437,115855,60],{},[15,115856,4110],{},[350,115858,28448,115859,32348],{"id":32345},[15,115860,15066],{},[20,115862,115863],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[350,115865,2167,115867,1560,115869,2172],{"id":115866},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115868,96344],{},[15,115870,15066],{},[20,115872,115873,115875,115876,115878],{},[15,115874,96344],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115877,15066],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[350,115880,115882],{"id":115881},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115884,115885,115886,114881],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115887,15066],{},[350,115889,115891],{"id":115890},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115893,283,115894,2069,115896,60],{},[15,115895,102940],{},[15,115897,15066],{},[288,115899,2221],{"id":2220},[40,115901,115902,115909,115916,115922,115928],{},[43,115903,115904],{},[56,115905,115906],{"href":98641},[15,115907,115908],{},"Python set add() method",[43,115910,115911],{},[56,115912,115913],{"href":102937},[15,115914,115915],{},"Python set union() method",[43,115917,115918],{},[56,115919,115920],{"href":98024},[15,115921,97479],{},[43,115923,115924],{},[56,115925,115926],{"href":99218},[15,115927,100485],{},[43,115929,115930],{},[56,115931,115932,115934],{"href":52734},[15,115933,115701],{}," fix",[20,115936,115937,115938,115940,115941,115943],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115939,96349],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115942,108184],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2250,115945,115946],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":115948},[115949,115950,115952,115953,115954,115955,115956,115957,115959,115964,115971,115980],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":114179,"depth":124,"text":115951},"What set.update() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":22086,"depth":124,"text":22087},{"id":114565,"depth":124,"text":114566},{"id":114668,"depth":124,"text":114669},{"id":114875,"depth":124,"text":114876},{"id":115035,"depth":124,"text":115958},"update() vs add()",{"id":115255,"depth":124,"text":115960,"children":115961},"update() vs union()",[115962,115963],{"id":30585,"depth":139,"text":15066},{"id":111410,"depth":139,"text":102940},{"id":115455,"depth":124,"text":115456,"children":115965},[115966,115967,115968,115969],{"id":115463,"depth":139,"text":115464},{"id":115593,"depth":139,"text":115594},{"id":115704,"depth":139,"text":115705},{"id":115776,"depth":139,"text":115970},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":115972},[115973,115975,115976,115978,115979],{"id":115850,"depth":139,"text":115974},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32345,"depth":139,"text":32418},{"id":115866,"depth":139,"text":115977},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115881,"depth":139,"text":115882},{"id":115890,"depth":139,"text":115891},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114091,"description":115981},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115987,"title":115988,"body":115989,"description":117755,"extension":2292,"meta":117756,"navigation":142,"path":13901,"seo":117757,"stem":117758,"__hash__":117759},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115990,"toc":117730},[115991,115994,115997,116000,116011,116019,116022,116024,116173,116185,116189,116206,116210,116218,116220,116231,116233,116330,116336,116339,116435,116444,116449,116453,116458,116460,116470,116472,116581,116589,116593,116596,116599,116616,116622,116702,116705,116709,116712,116716,116719,116778,116781,116785,116788,116880,116884,116887,116994,116998,117004,117032,117034,117116,117126,117130,117133,117144,117147,117232,117235,117240,117244,117247,117258,117261,117403,117406,117410,117413,117427,117430,117491,117497,117499,117502,117524,117527,117627,117630,117662,117664,117668,117671,117673,117676,117680,117683,117687,117690,117694,117697,117699,117727],[10,115992,115988],{"id":115993},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115995,115996],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115998,115999],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[40,116001,116002,116005,116008],{},[43,116003,116004],{},"a list inside another list",[43,116006,116007],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[43,116009,116010],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116012,100407,116013,1560,116015,116018],{},[30,116014,12960],{},[30,116016,116017],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116020,116021],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[288,116023,2334],{"id":2333},[62,116025,116027],{"className":64,"code":116026,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116028,116029,116036,116040,116066,116086,116106,116110,116128,116132,116145,116159],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,116030,116031,116033],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,116032,35215],{"class":4209},[71,116034,116035],{"class":77}," copy\n",[71,116037,116038],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,116039,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116041,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,116043,12194],{"class":77},[71,116045,82],{"class":81},[71,116047,56429],{"class":89},[71,116049,3320],{"class":117},[71,116051,109],{"class":89},[71,116053,183],{"class":117},[71,116055,18177],{"class":89},[71,116057,1740],{"class":89},[71,116059,640],{"class":117},[71,116061,109],{"class":89},[71,116063,2788],{"class":117},[71,116065,53377],{"class":89},[71,116067,116068,116071,116073,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,116069,116070],{"class":77},"shallow ",[71,116072,82],{"class":81},[71,116074,116075],{"class":77}," copy",[71,116077,60],{"class":89},[71,116079,13021],{"class":133},[71,116081,90],{"class":89},[71,116083,12241],{"class":133},[71,116085,121],{"class":89},[71,116087,116088,116091,116093,116095,116097,116100,116102,116104],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,116089,116090],{"class":77},"deep ",[71,116092,82],{"class":81},[71,116094,116075],{"class":77},[71,116096,60],{"class":89},[71,116098,116099],{"class":133},"deepcopy",[71,116101,90],{"class":89},[71,116103,12241],{"class":133},[71,116105,121],{"class":89},[71,116107,116108],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,116109,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116111,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,116113,12241],{"class":77},[71,116115,4234],{"class":89},[71,116117,2449],{"class":117},[71,116119,13661],{"class":89},[71,116121,13664],{"class":133},[71,116123,90],{"class":89},[71,116125,56482],{"class":117},[71,116127,121],{"class":89},[71,116129,116130],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,116131,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116133,116134,116136,116138,116140,116142],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,116135,128],{"class":127},[71,116137,90],{"class":89},[71,116139,12241],{"class":133},[71,116141,3993],{"class":89},[71,116143,116144],{"class":1439},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[71,116146,116147,116149,116151,116154,116156],{"class":73,"line":6775},[71,116148,128],{"class":127},[71,116150,90],{"class":89},[71,116152,116153],{"class":133},"shallow",[71,116155,3993],{"class":89},[71,116157,116158],{"class":1439},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[71,116160,116161,116163,116165,116168,116170],{"class":73,"line":11702},[71,116162,128],{"class":127},[71,116164,90],{"class":89},[71,116166,116167],{"class":133},"deep",[71,116169,3993],{"class":89},[71,116171,116172],{"class":1439},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116174,283,116175,116178,116179,1560,116181,116184],{},[15,116176,116177],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[30,116180,12960],{},[15,116182,116183],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[288,116186,116188],{"id":116187},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[40,116190,116191,116194,116197,116200,116203],{},[43,116192,116193],{},"What a copy means in Python",[43,116195,116196],{},"How shallow copy works",[43,116198,116199],{},"How deep copy works",[43,116201,116202],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[43,116204,116205],{},"When to use each approach",[288,116207,116209],{"id":116208},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116211,15301,116212,116214,116215,116217],{},[30,116213,12960],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[30,116216,4967],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116219,2436],{},[40,116221,116222,116225,116228],{},[43,116223,116224],{},"the outer container is new",[43,116226,116227],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[43,116229,116230],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116232,2537],{},[62,116234,116236],{"className":64,"code":116235,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116237,116238,116264,116278,116282,116300,116304,116317],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,116239,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,116241,12194],{"class":77},[71,116243,82],{"class":81},[71,116245,56429],{"class":89},[71,116247,3320],{"class":117},[71,116249,109],{"class":89},[71,116251,183],{"class":117},[71,116253,18177],{"class":89},[71,116255,1740],{"class":89},[71,116257,640],{"class":117},[71,116259,109],{"class":89},[71,116261,2788],{"class":117},[71,116263,53377],{"class":89},[71,116265,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,116267,14423],{"class":77},[71,116269,82],{"class":81},[71,116271,12269],{"class":77},[71,116273,60],{"class":89},[71,116275,13021],{"class":133},[71,116277,369],{"class":89},[71,116279,116280],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,116281,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116283,116284,116286,116288,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,116285,14442],{"class":77},[71,116287,60],{"class":89},[71,116289,13664],{"class":133},[71,116291,3317],{"class":89},[71,116293,2466],{"class":117},[71,116295,109],{"class":89},[71,116297,37771],{"class":117},[71,116299,4222],{"class":89},[71,116301,116302],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,116303,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116305,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,116307,128],{"class":127},[71,116309,90],{"class":89},[71,116311,12241],{"class":133},[71,116313,3993],{"class":89},[71,116315,116316],{"class":1439},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[71,116318,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,116320,128],{"class":127},[71,116322,90],{"class":89},[71,116324,14442],{"class":133},[71,116326,3993],{"class":89},[71,116328,116329],{"class":1439},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116331,116332,116333,116335],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116334,14442],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116337,116338],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[62,116340,116342],{"className":64,"code":116341,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116343,116344,116370,116384,116388,116406,116410,116422],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,116345,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,116347,12194],{"class":77},[71,116349,82],{"class":81},[71,116351,56429],{"class":89},[71,116353,3320],{"class":117},[71,116355,109],{"class":89},[71,116357,183],{"class":117},[71,116359,18177],{"class":89},[71,116361,1740],{"class":89},[71,116363,640],{"class":117},[71,116365,109],{"class":89},[71,116367,2788],{"class":117},[71,116369,53377],{"class":89},[71,116371,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,116373,14423],{"class":77},[71,116375,82],{"class":81},[71,116377,12269],{"class":77},[71,116379,60],{"class":89},[71,116381,13021],{"class":133},[71,116383,369],{"class":89},[71,116385,116386],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,116387,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116389,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,116391,14442],{"class":77},[71,116393,4234],{"class":89},[71,116395,2449],{"class":117},[71,116397,13661],{"class":89},[71,116399,13664],{"class":133},[71,116401,90],{"class":89},[71,116403,56482],{"class":117},[71,116405,121],{"class":89},[71,116407,116408],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,116409,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116411,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,116413,128],{"class":127},[71,116415,90],{"class":89},[71,116417,12241],{"class":133},[71,116419,3993],{"class":89},[71,116421,116144],{"class":1439},[71,116423,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,116425,128],{"class":127},[71,116427,90],{"class":89},[71,116429,14442],{"class":133},[71,116431,3993],{"class":89},[71,116433,116434],{"class":1439},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116436,116437,116438,1560,116440,116443],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116439,56586],{},[15,116441,116442],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116445,116446,116447,60],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[56,116448,44067],{"href":12173},[288,116450,116452],{"id":116451},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116454,15301,116455,116457],{},[30,116456,116017],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116459,2436],{},[40,116461,116462,116464,116467],{},[43,116463,116224],{},[43,116465,116466],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[43,116468,116469],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116471,2537],{},[62,116473,116475],{"className":64,"code":116474,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116476,116477,116483,116487,116513,116531,116535,116553,116557,116569],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,116478,116479,116481],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,116480,35215],{"class":4209},[71,116482,116035],{"class":77},[71,116484,116485],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,116486,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116488,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,116490,12194],{"class":77},[71,116492,82],{"class":81},[71,116494,56429],{"class":89},[71,116496,3320],{"class":117},[71,116498,109],{"class":89},[71,116500,183],{"class":117},[71,116502,18177],{"class":89},[71,116504,1740],{"class":89},[71,116506,640],{"class":117},[71,116508,109],{"class":89},[71,116510,2788],{"class":117},[71,116512,53377],{"class":89},[71,116514,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,116516,14423],{"class":77},[71,116518,82],{"class":81},[71,116520,116075],{"class":77},[71,116522,60],{"class":89},[71,116524,116099],{"class":133},[71,116526,90],{"class":89},[71,116528,12241],{"class":133},[71,116530,121],{"class":89},[71,116532,116533],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,116534,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116536,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549,116551],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,116538,14442],{"class":77},[71,116540,4234],{"class":89},[71,116542,2449],{"class":117},[71,116544,13661],{"class":89},[71,116546,13664],{"class":133},[71,116548,90],{"class":89},[71,116550,56482],{"class":117},[71,116552,121],{"class":89},[71,116554,116555],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,116556,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116558,116559,116561,116563,116565,116567],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,116560,128],{"class":127},[71,116562,90],{"class":89},[71,116564,12241],{"class":133},[71,116566,3993],{"class":89},[71,116568,116316],{"class":1439},[71,116570,116571,116573,116575,116577,116579],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,116572,128],{"class":127},[71,116574,90],{"class":89},[71,116576,14442],{"class":133},[71,116578,3993],{"class":89},[71,116580,116434],{"class":1439},[20,116582,116583,116584,116586,116587,60],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116585,116442],{}," does not change ",[15,116588,56586],{},[288,116590,116592],{"id":116591},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116594,116595],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116597,116598],{},"Common reasons:",[40,116600,116601,116604,116607,116613],{},[43,116602,116603],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[43,116605,116606],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[43,116608,116609,116610,116612],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116611,82],{}," does not make a copy",[43,116614,116615],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116617,116618,116619,116621],{},"For example, this does ",[30,116620,4967],{}," create a copy:",[62,116623,116625],{"className":64,"code":116624,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116626,116627,116647,116655,116659,116673,116677,116689],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,116628,116629,116631,116633,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,116630,12194],{"class":77},[71,116632,82],{"class":81},[71,116634,1740],{"class":89},[71,116636,3320],{"class":117},[71,116638,109],{"class":89},[71,116640,183],{"class":117},[71,116642,109],{"class":89},[71,116644,701],{"class":117},[71,116646,1757],{"class":89},[71,116648,116649,116651,116653],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,116650,14423],{"class":77},[71,116652,82],{"class":81},[71,116654,12232],{"class":77},[71,116656,116657],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,116658,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116660,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,116662,14442],{"class":77},[71,116664,60],{"class":89},[71,116666,13664],{"class":133},[71,116668,90],{"class":89},[71,116670,2836],{"class":117},[71,116672,121],{"class":89},[71,116674,116675],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,116676,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116678,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,116680,128],{"class":127},[71,116682,90],{"class":89},[71,116684,12241],{"class":133},[71,116686,3993],{"class":89},[71,116688,55836],{"class":1439},[71,116690,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,116692,128],{"class":127},[71,116694,90],{"class":89},[71,116696,14442],{"class":133},[71,116698,3993],{"class":89},[71,116700,116701],{"class":1439},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116703,116704],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[288,116706,116708],{"id":116707},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116710,116711],{},"These three ideas are different.",[350,116713,116715],{"id":116714},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116717,116718],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[62,116720,116722],{"className":64,"code":116721,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116723,116724,116750,116758,116762],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744,116746,116748],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,116727,12194],{"class":77},[71,116729,82],{"class":81},[71,116731,56429],{"class":89},[71,116733,3320],{"class":117},[71,116735,109],{"class":89},[71,116737,183],{"class":117},[71,116739,18177],{"class":89},[71,116741,1740],{"class":89},[71,116743,640],{"class":117},[71,116745,109],{"class":89},[71,116747,2788],{"class":117},[71,116749,53377],{"class":89},[71,116751,116752,116754,116756],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,116753,14214],{"class":77},[71,116755,82],{"class":81},[71,116757,12232],{"class":77},[71,116759,116760],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,116761,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116763,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,116765,128],{"class":127},[71,116767,90],{"class":89},[71,116769,12194],{"class":133},[71,116771,12302],{"class":4209},[71,116773,14282],{"class":133},[71,116775,3993],{"class":89},[71,116777,3996],{"class":1439},[20,116779,116780],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[350,116782,116784],{"id":116783},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116786,116787],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[62,116789,116791],{"className":64,"code":116790,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116792,116793,116819,116833,116837,116854],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,116794,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,116796,12194],{"class":77},[71,116798,82],{"class":81},[71,116800,56429],{"class":89},[71,116802,3320],{"class":117},[71,116804,109],{"class":89},[71,116806,183],{"class":117},[71,116808,18177],{"class":89},[71,116810,1740],{"class":89},[71,116812,640],{"class":117},[71,116814,109],{"class":89},[71,116816,2788],{"class":117},[71,116818,53377],{"class":89},[71,116820,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,116822,116070],{"class":77},[71,116824,82],{"class":81},[71,116826,12269],{"class":77},[71,116828,60],{"class":89},[71,116830,13021],{"class":133},[71,116832,369],{"class":89},[71,116834,116835],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,116836,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116838,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116850,116852],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,116840,128],{"class":127},[71,116842,90],{"class":89},[71,116844,12194],{"class":133},[71,116846,12302],{"class":4209},[71,116848,116849],{"class":133}," shallow",[71,116851,3993],{"class":89},[71,116853,21317],{"class":1439},[71,116855,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870,116872,116874,116876,116878],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,116857,128],{"class":127},[71,116859,90],{"class":89},[71,116861,12241],{"class":133},[71,116863,4234],{"class":89},[71,116865,2449],{"class":117},[71,116867,13384],{"class":89},[71,116869,8436],{"class":4209},[71,116871,116849],{"class":133},[71,116873,4234],{"class":89},[71,116875,2449],{"class":117},[71,116877,20562],{"class":89},[71,116879,3996],{"class":1439},[350,116881,116883],{"id":116882},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116885,116886],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[62,116888,116890],{"className":64,"code":116889,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116891,116892,116898,116902,116928,116946,116950,116968],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,116893,116894,116896],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,116895,35215],{"class":4209},[71,116897,116035],{"class":77},[71,116899,116900],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,116901,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116903,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,116905,12194],{"class":77},[71,116907,82],{"class":81},[71,116909,56429],{"class":89},[71,116911,3320],{"class":117},[71,116913,109],{"class":89},[71,116915,183],{"class":117},[71,116917,18177],{"class":89},[71,116919,1740],{"class":89},[71,116921,640],{"class":117},[71,116923,109],{"class":89},[71,116925,2788],{"class":117},[71,116927,53377],{"class":89},[71,116929,116930,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942,116944],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,116931,116090],{"class":77},[71,116933,82],{"class":81},[71,116935,116075],{"class":77},[71,116937,60],{"class":89},[71,116939,116099],{"class":133},[71,116941,90],{"class":89},[71,116943,12241],{"class":133},[71,116945,121],{"class":89},[71,116947,116948],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,116949,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,116951,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116963,116965],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,116953,128],{"class":127},[71,116955,90],{"class":89},[71,116957,12194],{"class":133},[71,116959,12302],{"class":4209},[71,116961,116962],{"class":133}," deep",[71,116964,3993],{"class":89},[71,116966,116967],{"class":1439},"         # False\n",[71,116969,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986,116988,116990,116992],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,116971,128],{"class":127},[71,116973,90],{"class":89},[71,116975,12241],{"class":133},[71,116977,4234],{"class":89},[71,116979,2449],{"class":117},[71,116981,13384],{"class":89},[71,116983,8436],{"class":4209},[71,116985,116962],{"class":133},[71,116987,4234],{"class":89},[71,116989,2449],{"class":117},[71,116991,20562],{"class":89},[71,116993,44003],{"class":1439},[288,116995,116997],{"id":116996},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116999,117000,117001,228],{},"These all make ",[30,117002,117003],{},"shallow copies",[40,117005,117006,117010,117014,117019,117025],{},[43,117007,117008],{},[15,117009,55736],{},[43,117011,117012],{},[15,117013,12543],{},[43,117015,117016],{},[15,117017,117018],{},"set.copy()",[43,117020,117021,117022],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117023,117024],{},"my_list[:]",[43,117026,117027,117029,117030,35205],{},[15,117028,116177],{}," from the ",[15,117031,13021],{},[20,117033,2455],{},[62,117035,117037],{"className":64,"code":117036,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117038,117039,117059,117063,117077,117088,117092,117104],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117040,117041,117043,117045,117047,117049,117051,117053,117055,117057],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117042,3950],{"class":77},[71,117044,82],{"class":81},[71,117046,1740],{"class":89},[71,117048,3320],{"class":117},[71,117050,109],{"class":89},[71,117052,183],{"class":117},[71,117054,109],{"class":89},[71,117056,701],{"class":117},[71,117058,1757],{"class":89},[71,117060,117061],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,117062,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117064,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,117066,2886],{"class":77},[71,117068,82],{"class":81},[71,117070,4599],{"class":77},[71,117072,60],{"class":89},[71,117074,13021],{"class":133},[71,117076,369],{"class":89},[71,117078,117079,117081,117083,117085],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,117080,2913],{"class":77},[71,117082,82],{"class":81},[71,117084,4599],{"class":77},[71,117086,117087],{"class":89},"[:]\n",[71,117089,117090],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,117091,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117093,117094,117096,117098,117100,117102],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,117095,128],{"class":127},[71,117097,90],{"class":89},[71,117099,56],{"class":133},[71,117101,3993],{"class":89},[71,117103,55067],{"class":1439},[71,117105,117106,117108,117110,117112,117114],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,117107,128],{"class":127},[71,117109,90],{"class":89},[71,117111,176],{"class":133},[71,117113,3993],{"class":89},[71,117115,55067],{"class":1439},[20,117117,73278,117118,47666,117122,60],{},[56,117119,117120,1709],{"href":55095},[15,117121,55736],{},[56,117123,117124,1709],{"href":12540},[15,117125,12543],{},[288,117127,117129],{"id":117128},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117131,117132],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[40,117134,117135,117138,117141],{},[43,117136,117137],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[43,117139,117140],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[43,117142,117143],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117145,117146],{},"Example with a flat list:",[62,117148,117150],{"className":64,"code":117149,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117151,117152,117172,117186,117190,117204,117208,117220],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117153,117154,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117155,12194],{"class":77},[71,117157,82],{"class":81},[71,117159,1740],{"class":89},[71,117161,3320],{"class":117},[71,117163,109],{"class":89},[71,117165,183],{"class":117},[71,117167,109],{"class":89},[71,117169,701],{"class":117},[71,117171,1757],{"class":89},[71,117173,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,117175,14423],{"class":77},[71,117177,82],{"class":81},[71,117179,12269],{"class":77},[71,117181,60],{"class":89},[71,117183,13021],{"class":133},[71,117185,369],{"class":89},[71,117187,117188],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,117189,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117191,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,117193,14442],{"class":77},[71,117195,60],{"class":89},[71,117197,13664],{"class":133},[71,117199,90],{"class":89},[71,117201,2836],{"class":117},[71,117203,121],{"class":89},[71,117205,117206],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,117207,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117209,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,117211,128],{"class":127},[71,117213,90],{"class":89},[71,117215,12241],{"class":133},[71,117217,3993],{"class":89},[71,117219,55067],{"class":1439},[71,117221,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,117223,128],{"class":127},[71,117225,90],{"class":89},[71,117227,14442],{"class":133},[71,117229,3993],{"class":89},[71,117231,116701],{"class":1439},[20,117233,117234],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117236,117237,117238,60],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[56,117239,15000],{"href":57355},[288,117241,117243],{"id":117242},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117245,117246],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[40,117248,117249,117252,117255],{},[43,117250,117251],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[43,117253,117254],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[43,117256,117257],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117259,117260],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[62,117262,117264],{"className":64,"code":117263,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117265,117266,117272,117276,117302,117316,117334,117338,117360,117364,117377,117390],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117267,117268,117270],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117269,35215],{"class":4209},[71,117271,116035],{"class":77},[71,117273,117274],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,117275,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117277,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,117279,12194],{"class":77},[71,117281,82],{"class":81},[71,117283,1456],{"class":89},[71,117285,3184],{"class":99},[71,117287,16502],{"class":103},[71,117289,3184],{"class":99},[71,117291,228],{"class":89},[71,117293,1740],{"class":89},[71,117295,2661],{"class":117},[71,117297,109],{"class":89},[71,117299,8129],{"class":117},[71,117301,13817],{"class":89},[71,117303,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312,117314],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,117305,116070],{"class":77},[71,117307,82],{"class":81},[71,117309,12269],{"class":77},[71,117311,60],{"class":89},[71,117313,13021],{"class":133},[71,117315,369],{"class":89},[71,117317,117318,117320,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,117319,116090],{"class":77},[71,117321,82],{"class":81},[71,117323,116075],{"class":77},[71,117325,60],{"class":89},[71,117327,116099],{"class":133},[71,117329,90],{"class":89},[71,117331,12241],{"class":133},[71,117333,121],{"class":89},[71,117335,117336],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,117337,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117339,117340,117342,117344,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,117341,12241],{"class":77},[71,117343,4234],{"class":89},[71,117345,3184],{"class":99},[71,117347,16502],{"class":103},[71,117349,3184],{"class":99},[71,117351,13661],{"class":89},[71,117353,13664],{"class":133},[71,117355,90],{"class":89},[71,117357,36968],{"class":117},[71,117359,121],{"class":89},[71,117361,117362],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,117363,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117365,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,117367,128],{"class":127},[71,117369,90],{"class":89},[71,117371,12241],{"class":133},[71,117373,3993],{"class":89},[71,117375,117376],{"class":1439},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[71,117378,117379,117381,117383,117385,117387],{"class":73,"line":6775},[71,117380,128],{"class":127},[71,117382,90],{"class":89},[71,117384,116153],{"class":133},[71,117386,3993],{"class":89},[71,117388,117389],{"class":1439},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[71,117391,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400],{"class":73,"line":11702},[71,117393,128],{"class":127},[71,117395,90],{"class":89},[71,117397,116167],{"class":133},[71,117399,3993],{"class":89},[71,117401,117402],{"class":1439},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117404,117405],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[288,117407,117409],{"id":117408},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117411,117412],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[40,117414,117415,117418,117421,117424],{},[43,117416,117417],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[43,117419,117420],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[43,117422,117423],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[43,117425,117426],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117428,117429],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[62,117431,117433],{"className":64,"code":117432,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117434,117435,117443,117451,117455,117463,117467,117479],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117436,117437,117439,117441],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117438,2886],{"class":77},[71,117440,82],{"class":81},[71,117442,2918],{"class":117},[71,117444,117445,117447,117449],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,117446,2913],{"class":77},[71,117448,82],{"class":81},[71,117450,36301],{"class":77},[71,117452,117453],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,117454,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117456,117457,117459,117461],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,117458,2913],{"class":77},[71,117460,82],{"class":81},[71,117462,14726],{"class":117},[71,117464,117465],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,117466,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117468,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,117470,128],{"class":127},[71,117472,90],{"class":89},[71,117474,56],{"class":133},[71,117476,3993],{"class":89},[71,117478,26914],{"class":1439},[71,117480,117481,117483,117485,117487,117489],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,117482,128],{"class":127},[71,117484,90],{"class":89},[71,117486,176],{"class":133},[71,117488,3993],{"class":89},[71,117490,27735],{"class":1439},[20,117492,93649,117493,117496],{},[56,117494,117495],{"href":12173},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[288,117498,2054],{"id":2053},[20,117500,117501],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[40,117503,117504,117508,117513,117518,117521],{},[43,117505,8758,117506,56919],{},[15,117507,82],{},[43,117509,8758,117510,117512],{},[15,117511,55736],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[43,117514,8758,117515,117517],{},[15,117516,12543],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[43,117519,117520],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[43,117522,117523],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117525,117526],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[62,117528,117530],{"className":64,"code":117529,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117531,117532,117546,117560,117582,117613],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117533,117534,117536,117538,117540,117542,117544],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117535,128],{"class":127},[71,117537,90],{"class":89},[71,117539,12194],{"class":133},[71,117541,12302],{"class":4209},[71,117543,14496],{"class":133},[71,117545,121],{"class":89},[71,117547,117548,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,117549,128],{"class":127},[71,117551,90],{"class":89},[71,117553,12194],{"class":133},[71,117555,5025],{"class":81},[71,117557,14496],{"class":133},[71,117559,121],{"class":89},[71,117561,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576,117578,117580],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,117563,128],{"class":127},[71,117565,90],{"class":89},[71,117567,12758],{"class":127},[71,117569,90],{"class":89},[71,117571,12241],{"class":133},[71,117573,168],{"class":89},[71,117575,14928],{"class":127},[71,117577,90],{"class":89},[71,117579,14442],{"class":133},[71,117581,204],{"class":89},[71,117583,117584,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,117585,128],{"class":127},[71,117587,90],{"class":89},[71,117589,12758],{"class":127},[71,117591,90],{"class":89},[71,117593,12241],{"class":133},[71,117595,4234],{"class":89},[71,117597,2449],{"class":117},[71,117599,117600],{"class":89},"]),",[71,117602,14928],{"class":127},[71,117604,90],{"class":89},[71,117606,14442],{"class":133},[71,117608,4234],{"class":89},[71,117610,2449],{"class":117},[71,117612,3331],{"class":89},[71,117614,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,117616,128],{"class":127},[71,117618,90],{"class":89},[71,117620,735],{"class":85},[71,117622,90],{"class":89},[71,117624,12241],{"class":133},[71,117626,204],{"class":89},[20,117628,117629],{},"What they tell you:",[40,117631,117632,117637,117642,117647,117657],{},[43,117633,117634,117636],{},[15,117635,12302],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[43,117638,117639,117641],{},[15,117640,5025],{}," checks whether values are equal",[43,117643,117644,117646],{},[15,117645,43619],{}," shows the identity of an object",[43,117648,117649,117650,1560,117653,117656],{},"comparing ",[15,117651,117652],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117654,117655],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[43,117658,117659,117661],{},[15,117660,2632],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[288,117663,2163],{"id":2162},[350,117665,117667],{"id":117666},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117669,117670],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[350,117672,57405],{"id":57320},[20,117674,117675],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[350,117677,117679],{"id":117678},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117681,117682],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[350,117684,117686],{"id":117685},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117688,117689],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[350,117691,117693],{"id":117692},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117695,117696],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[288,117698,2221],{"id":2220},[40,117700,117701,117706,117712,117718,117722],{},[43,117702,117703],{},[56,117704,117705],{"href":12173},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[43,117707,117708],{},[56,117709,13,117710,1709],{"href":55095},[15,117711,55736],{},[43,117713,117714],{},[56,117715,13,117716,1709],{"href":12540},[15,117717,12543],{},[43,117719,117720],{},[56,117721,15077],{"href":57355},[43,117723,117724],{},[56,117725,117726],{"href":58630},"What is a list in Python?",[2250,117728,117729],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":117731},[117732,117733,117734,117735,117736,117737,117742,117743,117744,117745,117746,117747,117754],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":116187,"depth":124,"text":116188},{"id":116208,"depth":124,"text":116209},{"id":116451,"depth":124,"text":116452},{"id":116591,"depth":124,"text":116592},{"id":116707,"depth":124,"text":116708,"children":117738},[117739,117740,117741],{"id":116714,"depth":139,"text":116715},{"id":116783,"depth":139,"text":116784},{"id":116882,"depth":139,"text":116883},{"id":116996,"depth":124,"text":116997},{"id":117128,"depth":124,"text":117129},{"id":117242,"depth":124,"text":117243},{"id":117408,"depth":124,"text":117409},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":117748},[117749,117750,117751,117752,117753],{"id":117666,"depth":139,"text":117667},{"id":57320,"depth":139,"text":57405},{"id":117678,"depth":139,"text":117679},{"id":117685,"depth":139,"text":117686},{"id":117692,"depth":139,"text":117693},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115988,"description":117755},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117761,"title":117762,"body":117763,"description":119620,"extension":2292,"meta":119621,"navigation":142,"path":119622,"seo":119623,"stem":119624,"__hash__":119625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117764,"toc":119578},[117765,117770,117775,117783,117785,117853,117858,117863,117878,117881,117883,117914,117916,117936,117939,117954,117956,117959,118032,118034,118079,118081,118092,118097,118101,118106,118109,118148,118150,118170,118173,118230,118232,118267,118270,118309,118311,118331,118334,118365,118367,118423,118425,118430,118501,118503,118536,118541,118546,118611,118613,118650,118653,118730,118732,118792,118799,118804,118807,118810,118891,118893,118934,118939,118942,119020,119022,119055,119064,119071,119074,119085,119088,119099,119103,119111,119120,119124,119129,119133,119138,119181,119184,119190,119193,119195,119242,119247,119251,119254,119303,119305,119326,119329,119331,119356,119359,119480,119485,119487,119492,119495,119500,119503,119511,119516,119523,119526,119534,119537,119539,119575],[10,117766,13,117768,18],{"id":117767},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117769,74562],{},[20,117771,117772,117774],{},[15,117773,74562],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117776,117777,117778,2518,117780,117782],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117779,78005],{},[15,117781,74562],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[288,117784,3940],{"id":3939},[62,117786,117788],{"className":64,"code":117787,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117789,117790,117810,117824,117828,117840],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117791,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117793,3950],{"class":77},[71,117795,82],{"class":81},[71,117797,1740],{"class":89},[71,117799,640],{"class":117},[71,117801,109],{"class":89},[71,117803,165],{"class":117},[71,117805,109],{"class":89},[71,117807,183],{"class":117},[71,117809,1757],{"class":89},[71,117811,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,117813,1102],{"class":77},[71,117815,82],{"class":81},[71,117817,74696],{"class":127},[71,117819,90],{"class":89},[71,117821,3980],{"class":133},[71,117823,121],{"class":89},[71,117825,117826],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,117827,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117829,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,117831,128],{"class":127},[71,117833,90],{"class":89},[71,117835,2594],{"class":133},[71,117837,3993],{"class":89},[71,117839,55823],{"class":1439},[71,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,117843,128],{"class":127},[71,117845,90],{"class":89},[71,117847,3980],{"class":133},[71,117849,3993],{"class":89},[71,117851,117852],{"class":1439},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117854,117855,117857],{},[15,117856,74562],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[288,117859,291,117861,294],{"id":117860},"what-sorted-does",[15,117862,74562],{},[40,117864,117865,117869,117872,117875],{},[43,117866,117867,63063],{},[15,117868,74562],{},[43,117870,117871],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[43,117873,117874],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[43,117876,117877],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117879,117880],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[288,117882,343],{"id":342},[62,117884,117886],{"className":64,"code":117885,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117887,117888],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117889,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117891,74652],{"class":127},[71,117893,90],{"class":89},[71,117895,4052],{"class":133},[71,117897,109],{"class":89},[71,117899,21696],{"class":93},[71,117901,82],{"class":81},[71,117903,4110],{"class":4184},[71,117905,109],{"class":89},[71,117907,78208],{"class":93},[71,117909,82],{"class":81},[71,117911,4006],{"class":4184},[71,117913,121],{"class":89},[350,117915,17509],{"id":17508},[40,117917,117918,117923,117928],{},[43,117919,117920,117922],{},[15,117921,4052],{},": the values to sort",[43,117924,117925,117927],{},[15,117926,14953],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[43,117929,117930,117932,117933,117935],{},[15,117931,73715],{},": set to ",[15,117934,3935],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117937,117938],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[62,117940,117942],{"className":64,"code":117941,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117943,117944],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117945,117946,117948,117950,117952],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117947,74652],{"class":127},[71,117949,90],{"class":89},[71,117951,60444],{"class":133},[71,117953,121],{"class":89},[288,117955,11582],{"id":11581},[20,117957,117958],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[62,117960,117962],{"className":64,"code":117961,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117963,117964,117988,117992,118007,118011,118022],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,117965,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,117967,3950],{"class":77},[71,117969,82],{"class":81},[71,117971,1740],{"class":89},[71,117973,2466],{"class":117},[71,117975,109],{"class":89},[71,117977,183],{"class":117},[71,117979,109],{"class":89},[71,117981,6697],{"class":117},[71,117983,109],{"class":89},[71,117985,165],{"class":117},[71,117987,1757],{"class":89},[71,117989,117990],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,117991,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,117993,117994,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,117995,117996],{"class":77},"sorted_numbers ",[71,117998,82],{"class":81},[71,118000,74696],{"class":127},[71,118002,90],{"class":89},[71,118004,3980],{"class":133},[71,118006,121],{"class":89},[71,118008,118009],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,118010,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,118012,118013,118015,118017,118020],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,118014,128],{"class":127},[71,118016,90],{"class":89},[71,118018,118019],{"class":133},"sorted_numbers",[71,118021,121],{"class":89},[71,118023,118024,118026,118028,118030],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,118025,128],{"class":127},[71,118027,90],{"class":89},[71,118029,3980],{"class":133},[71,118031,121],{"class":89},[20,118033,209],{},[62,118035,118037],{"className":64,"code":118036,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118038,118039,118059],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118040,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118042,4234],{"class":89},[71,118044,3320],{"class":117},[71,118046,109],{"class":89},[71,118048,183],{"class":117},[71,118050,109],{"class":89},[71,118052,4941],{"class":117},[71,118054,109],{"class":89},[71,118056,6697],{"class":117},[71,118058,1757],{"class":89},[71,118060,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118062,4234],{"class":89},[71,118064,2466],{"class":117},[71,118066,109],{"class":89},[71,118068,183],{"class":117},[71,118070,109],{"class":89},[71,118072,6697],{"class":117},[71,118074,109],{"class":89},[71,118076,165],{"class":117},[71,118078,1757],{"class":89},[20,118080,13874],{},[40,118082,118083,118088],{},[43,118084,118085,118087],{},[15,118086,118019],{}," is a new sorted list",[43,118089,118090,112624],{},[15,118091,3980],{},[20,118093,118094,118095,60],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[56,118096,78515],{"href":78514},[288,118098,118100],{"id":118099},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118102,118103,118105],{},[15,118104,74562],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[350,118107,118108],{"id":8433},"List",[62,118110,118112],{"className":64,"code":118111,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118113,118114,118134],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118115,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118117,3950],{"class":77},[71,118119,82],{"class":81},[71,118121,1740],{"class":89},[71,118123,640],{"class":117},[71,118125,109],{"class":89},[71,118127,165],{"class":117},[71,118129,109],{"class":89},[71,118131,183],{"class":117},[71,118133,1757],{"class":89},[71,118135,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118137,128],{"class":127},[71,118139,90],{"class":89},[71,118141,74652],{"class":127},[71,118143,90],{"class":89},[71,118145,3980],{"class":133},[71,118147,204],{"class":89},[20,118149,209],{},[62,118151,118152],{"className":64,"code":55285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,118153,118154],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118155,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118157,4234],{"class":89},[71,118159,3320],{"class":117},[71,118161,109],{"class":89},[71,118163,183],{"class":117},[71,118165,109],{"class":89},[71,118167,701],{"class":117},[71,118169,1757],{"class":89},[350,118171,118172],{"id":49086},"Tuple",[62,118174,118176],{"className":64,"code":118175,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118177,118178,118198,118212],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118179,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118181,4154],{"class":77},[71,118183,82],{"class":81},[71,118185,171],{"class":89},[71,118187,640],{"class":117},[71,118189,109],{"class":89},[71,118191,165],{"class":117},[71,118193,109],{"class":89},[71,118195,183],{"class":117},[71,118197,121],{"class":89},[71,118199,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118201,128],{"class":127},[71,118203,90],{"class":89},[71,118205,74652],{"class":127},[71,118207,90],{"class":89},[71,118209,5694],{"class":133},[71,118211,204],{"class":89},[71,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,118215,128],{"class":127},[71,118217,90],{"class":89},[71,118219,735],{"class":85},[71,118221,90],{"class":89},[71,118223,74652],{"class":127},[71,118225,90],{"class":89},[71,118227,5694],{"class":133},[71,118229,3243],{"class":89},[20,118231,209],{},[62,118233,118235],{"className":64,"code":118234,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118236,118237,118253],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118238,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118240,4234],{"class":89},[71,118242,3320],{"class":117},[71,118244,109],{"class":89},[71,118246,183],{"class":117},[71,118248,109],{"class":89},[71,118250,701],{"class":117},[71,118252,1757],{"class":89},[71,118254,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118256,765],{"class":81},[71,118258,769],{"class":768},[71,118260,231],{"class":99},[71,118262,8433],{"class":103},[71,118264,100],{"class":99},[71,118266,778],{"class":81},[350,118268,118269],{"id":6624},"Set",[62,118271,118273],{"className":64,"code":118272,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118274,118275,118295],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118276,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118278,4154],{"class":77},[71,118280,82],{"class":81},[71,118282,1456],{"class":89},[71,118284,640],{"class":117},[71,118286,109],{"class":89},[71,118288,165],{"class":117},[71,118290,109],{"class":89},[71,118292,183],{"class":117},[71,118294,252],{"class":89},[71,118296,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118298,128],{"class":127},[71,118300,90],{"class":89},[71,118302,74652],{"class":127},[71,118304,90],{"class":89},[71,118306,5694],{"class":133},[71,118308,204],{"class":89},[20,118310,209],{},[62,118312,118313],{"className":64,"code":55285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,118314,118315],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118316,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118318,4234],{"class":89},[71,118320,3320],{"class":117},[71,118322,109],{"class":89},[71,118324,183],{"class":117},[71,118326,109],{"class":89},[71,118328,701],{"class":117},[71,118330,1757],{"class":89},[350,118332,118333],{"id":61311},"String",[62,118335,118337],{"className":64,"code":118336,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118338,118339,118351],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118340,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118342,34811],{"class":77},[71,118344,82],{"class":81},[71,118346,3683],{"class":99},[71,118348,66],{"class":103},[71,118350,3689],{"class":99},[71,118352,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118354,128],{"class":127},[71,118356,90],{"class":89},[71,118358,74652],{"class":127},[71,118360,90],{"class":89},[71,118362,34832],{"class":133},[71,118364,204],{"class":89},[20,118366,209],{},[62,118368,118369],{"className":64,"code":79532,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,118370,118371],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118372,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118374,4234],{"class":89},[71,118376,100],{"class":99},[71,118378,60575],{"class":103},[71,118380,100],{"class":99},[71,118382,109],{"class":89},[71,118384,231],{"class":99},[71,118386,76168],{"class":103},[71,118388,100],{"class":99},[71,118390,109],{"class":89},[71,118392,231],{"class":99},[71,118394,60610],{"class":103},[71,118396,100],{"class":99},[71,118398,109],{"class":89},[71,118400,231],{"class":99},[71,118402,20],{"class":103},[71,118404,100],{"class":99},[71,118406,109],{"class":89},[71,118408,231],{"class":99},[71,118410,63424],{"class":103},[71,118412,100],{"class":99},[71,118414,109],{"class":89},[71,118416,231],{"class":99},[71,118418,11853],{"class":103},[71,118420,100],{"class":99},[71,118422,1757],{"class":89},[350,118424,29343],{"id":15717},[20,118426,63677,118427,118429],{},[15,118428,74562],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[62,118431,118433],{"className":64,"code":118432,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118434,118435,118487],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118436,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118438,13315],{"class":77},[71,118440,82],{"class":81},[71,118442,1456],{"class":89},[71,118444,3184],{"class":99},[71,118446,94],{"class":103},[71,118448,3184],{"class":99},[71,118450,228],{"class":89},[71,118452,3683],{"class":99},[71,118454,12990],{"class":103},[71,118456,3184],{"class":99},[71,118458,109],{"class":89},[71,118460,3683],{"class":99},[71,118462,242],{"class":103},[71,118464,3184],{"class":99},[71,118466,228],{"class":89},[71,118468,8129],{"class":117},[71,118470,109],{"class":89},[71,118472,3683],{"class":99},[71,118474,1373],{"class":103},[71,118476,3184],{"class":99},[71,118478,228],{"class":89},[71,118480,3683],{"class":99},[71,118482,16144],{"class":103},[71,118484,3184],{"class":99},[71,118486,252],{"class":89},[71,118488,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118490,128],{"class":127},[71,118492,90],{"class":89},[71,118494,74652],{"class":127},[71,118496,90],{"class":89},[71,118498,17421],{"class":133},[71,118500,204],{"class":89},[20,118502,209],{},[62,118504,118506],{"className":64,"code":118505,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118507,118508],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118509,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118511,4234],{"class":89},[71,118513,100],{"class":99},[71,118515,242],{"class":103},[71,118517,100],{"class":99},[71,118519,109],{"class":89},[71,118521,231],{"class":99},[71,118523,1373],{"class":103},[71,118525,100],{"class":99},[71,118527,109],{"class":89},[71,118529,231],{"class":99},[71,118531,94],{"class":103},[71,118533,100],{"class":99},[71,118535,1757],{"class":89},[288,118537,8758,118539],{"id":118538},"using-reversetrue",[15,118540,78229],{},[20,118542,283,118543,118545],{},[15,118544,78229],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[62,118547,118549],{"className":64,"code":118548,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118550,118551,118571,118575,118589],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118552,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118554,3950],{"class":77},[71,118556,82],{"class":81},[71,118558,1740],{"class":89},[71,118560,640],{"class":117},[71,118562,109],{"class":89},[71,118564,165],{"class":117},[71,118566,109],{"class":89},[71,118568,183],{"class":117},[71,118570,1757],{"class":89},[71,118572,118573],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118574,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,118576,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,118578,128],{"class":127},[71,118580,90],{"class":89},[71,118582,74652],{"class":127},[71,118584,90],{"class":89},[71,118586,3980],{"class":133},[71,118588,204],{"class":89},[71,118590,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,118592,128],{"class":127},[71,118594,90],{"class":89},[71,118596,74652],{"class":127},[71,118598,90],{"class":89},[71,118600,3980],{"class":133},[71,118602,109],{"class":89},[71,118604,78208],{"class":93},[71,118606,82],{"class":81},[71,118608,3935],{"class":4184},[71,118610,204],{"class":89},[20,118612,209],{},[62,118614,118616],{"className":64,"code":118615,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118617,118618,118634],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118619,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118621,4234],{"class":89},[71,118623,3320],{"class":117},[71,118625,109],{"class":89},[71,118627,183],{"class":117},[71,118629,109],{"class":89},[71,118631,701],{"class":117},[71,118633,1757],{"class":89},[71,118635,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118637,4234],{"class":89},[71,118639,640],{"class":117},[71,118641,109],{"class":89},[71,118643,183],{"class":117},[71,118645,109],{"class":89},[71,118647,165],{"class":117},[71,118649,1757],{"class":89},[20,118651,118652],{},"This also works with strings:",[62,118654,118656],{"className":64,"code":118655,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118657,118658,118690,118694,118708],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118659,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118661,4405],{"class":77},[71,118663,82],{"class":81},[71,118665,1740],{"class":89},[71,118667,3184],{"class":99},[71,118669,4414],{"class":103},[71,118671,3184],{"class":99},[71,118673,109],{"class":89},[71,118675,3683],{"class":99},[71,118677,4423],{"class":103},[71,118679,3184],{"class":99},[71,118681,109],{"class":89},[71,118683,3683],{"class":99},[71,118685,4432],{"class":103},[71,118687,3184],{"class":99},[71,118689,1757],{"class":89},[71,118691,118692],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118693,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,118695,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,118697,128],{"class":127},[71,118699,90],{"class":89},[71,118701,74652],{"class":127},[71,118703,90],{"class":89},[71,118705,4449],{"class":133},[71,118707,204],{"class":89},[71,118709,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,118711,128],{"class":127},[71,118713,90],{"class":89},[71,118715,74652],{"class":127},[71,118717,90],{"class":89},[71,118719,4449],{"class":133},[71,118721,109],{"class":89},[71,118723,78208],{"class":93},[71,118725,82],{"class":81},[71,118727,3935],{"class":4184},[71,118729,204],{"class":89},[20,118731,209],{},[62,118733,118734],{"className":64,"code":74296,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,118735,118736,118764],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118737,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118739,4234],{"class":89},[71,118741,100],{"class":99},[71,118743,4414],{"class":103},[71,118745,100],{"class":99},[71,118747,109],{"class":89},[71,118749,231],{"class":99},[71,118751,4423],{"class":103},[71,118753,100],{"class":99},[71,118755,109],{"class":89},[71,118757,231],{"class":99},[71,118759,4432],{"class":103},[71,118761,100],{"class":99},[71,118763,1757],{"class":89},[71,118765,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118767,4234],{"class":89},[71,118769,100],{"class":99},[71,118771,4432],{"class":103},[71,118773,100],{"class":99},[71,118775,109],{"class":89},[71,118777,231],{"class":99},[71,118779,4423],{"class":103},[71,118781,100],{"class":99},[71,118783,109],{"class":89},[71,118785,231],{"class":99},[71,118787,4414],{"class":103},[71,118789,100],{"class":99},[71,118791,1757],{"class":89},[288,118793,8758,118795,118798],{"id":118794},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118796,118797],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118800,2309,118801,118803],{},[15,118802,118797],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118805,118806],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118808,118809],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[62,118811,118813],{"className":64,"code":118812,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118814,118815,118855,118859,118881],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118816,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118818,4405],{"class":77},[71,118820,82],{"class":81},[71,118822,1740],{"class":89},[71,118824,3184],{"class":99},[71,118826,78882],{"class":103},[71,118828,3184],{"class":99},[71,118830,109],{"class":89},[71,118832,3683],{"class":99},[71,118834,38486],{"class":103},[71,118836,3184],{"class":99},[71,118838,109],{"class":89},[71,118840,3683],{"class":99},[71,118842,4423],{"class":103},[71,118844,3184],{"class":99},[71,118846,109],{"class":89},[71,118848,3683],{"class":99},[71,118850,38469],{"class":103},[71,118852,3184],{"class":99},[71,118854,1757],{"class":89},[71,118856,118857],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118858,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,118860,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,118862,1102],{"class":77},[71,118864,82],{"class":81},[71,118866,74696],{"class":127},[71,118868,90],{"class":89},[71,118870,4449],{"class":133},[71,118872,109],{"class":89},[71,118874,21696],{"class":93},[71,118876,82],{"class":81},[71,118878,2139],{"class":127},[71,118880,121],{"class":89},[71,118882,118883,118885,118887,118889],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,118884,128],{"class":127},[71,118886,90],{"class":89},[71,118888,2594],{"class":133},[71,118890,121],{"class":89},[20,118892,209],{},[62,118894,118896],{"className":64,"code":118895,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118897,118898],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118899,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118901,4234],{"class":89},[71,118903,100],{"class":99},[71,118905,38486],{"class":103},[71,118907,100],{"class":99},[71,118909,109],{"class":89},[71,118911,231],{"class":99},[71,118913,78882],{"class":103},[71,118915,100],{"class":99},[71,118917,109],{"class":89},[71,118919,231],{"class":99},[71,118921,38469],{"class":103},[71,118923,100],{"class":99},[71,118925,109],{"class":89},[71,118927,231],{"class":99},[71,118929,4423],{"class":103},[71,118931,100],{"class":99},[71,118933,1757],{"class":89},[20,118935,20887,118936,118938],{},[15,118937,2139],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118940,118941],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[62,118943,118945],{"className":64,"code":118944,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118946,118947,118980,118984,119010],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,118948,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118976,118978],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,118950,4405],{"class":77},[71,118952,82],{"class":81},[71,118954,1740],{"class":89},[71,118956,3184],{"class":99},[71,118958,83501],{"class":103},[71,118960,3184],{"class":99},[71,118962,109],{"class":89},[71,118964,3683],{"class":99},[71,118966,4414],{"class":103},[71,118968,3184],{"class":99},[71,118970,109],{"class":89},[71,118972,3683],{"class":99},[71,118974,118975],{"class":103},"Cherry",[71,118977,3184],{"class":99},[71,118979,1757],{"class":89},[71,118981,118982],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,118983,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,118985,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,118987,1102],{"class":77},[71,118989,82],{"class":81},[71,118991,74696],{"class":127},[71,118993,90],{"class":89},[71,118995,4449],{"class":133},[71,118997,109],{"class":89},[71,118999,21696],{"class":93},[71,119001,82],{"class":81},[71,119003,3775],{"class":85},[71,119005,60],{"class":89},[71,119007,8982],{"class":24868},[71,119009,121],{"class":89},[71,119011,119012,119014,119016,119018],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,119013,128],{"class":127},[71,119015,90],{"class":89},[71,119017,2594],{"class":133},[71,119019,121],{"class":89},[20,119021,209],{},[62,119023,119025],{"className":64,"code":119024,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119026,119027],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119028,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119030,4234],{"class":89},[71,119032,100],{"class":99},[71,119034,4414],{"class":103},[71,119036,100],{"class":99},[71,119038,109],{"class":89},[71,119040,231],{"class":99},[71,119042,83501],{"class":103},[71,119044,100],{"class":99},[71,119046,109],{"class":89},[71,119048,231],{"class":99},[71,119050,118975],{"class":103},[71,119052,100],{"class":99},[71,119054,1757],{"class":89},[20,119056,119057,119058,35454,119060,60],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119059,42491],{},[56,119061,13,119062,3841],{"href":42488},[15,119063,42491],{},[288,119065,119067,1552,119069],{"id":119066},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119068,74562],{},[15,119070,78005],{},[20,119072,119073],{},"The main difference is this:",[40,119075,119076,119081],{},[43,119077,119078,119080],{},[15,119079,74562],{}," returns a new list",[43,119082,119083,74100],{},[15,119084,78005],{},[20,119086,119087],{},"Also:",[40,119089,119090,119095],{},[43,119091,119092,119094],{},[15,119093,74562],{}," works with many iterables",[43,119096,119097,79438],{},[15,119098,78005],{},[20,119100,283,119101,1569],{},[15,119102,74562],{},[40,119104,119105,119108],{},[43,119106,119107],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[43,119109,119110],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119112,119113,119114,60],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[56,119115,13,119116,1552,119118,6119],{"href":79263},[15,119117,74562],{},[15,119119,78005],{},[288,119121,119123],{"id":119122},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119125,119126,119127,60],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119128,74562],{},[350,119130,119132],{"id":119131},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119134,119135,119136,228],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119137,3337],{},[62,119139,119141],{"className":64,"code":119140,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119142,119143,119167],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119144,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119146,4154],{"class":77},[71,119148,82],{"class":81},[71,119150,1740],{"class":89},[71,119152,3320],{"class":117},[71,119154,109],{"class":89},[71,119156,3683],{"class":99},[71,119158,630],{"class":103},[71,119160,3184],{"class":99},[71,119162,109],{"class":89},[71,119164,701],{"class":117},[71,119166,1757],{"class":89},[71,119168,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,119170,128],{"class":127},[71,119172,90],{"class":89},[71,119174,74652],{"class":127},[71,119176,90],{"class":89},[71,119178,5694],{"class":133},[71,119180,204],{"class":89},[20,119182,119183],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[350,119185,119187,119188,2633],{"id":119186},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119189,14953],{},[20,119191,119192],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119194,2537],{},[62,119196,119198],{"className":64,"code":119197,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119199,119200,119220],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119201,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119203,3950],{"class":77},[71,119205,82],{"class":81},[71,119207,1740],{"class":89},[71,119209,2661],{"class":117},[71,119211,109],{"class":89},[71,119213,183],{"class":117},[71,119215,109],{"class":89},[71,119217,8134],{"class":117},[71,119219,1757],{"class":89},[71,119221,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,119223,128],{"class":127},[71,119225,90],{"class":89},[71,119227,74652],{"class":127},[71,119229,90],{"class":89},[71,119231,3980],{"class":133},[71,119233,109],{"class":89},[71,119235,21696],{"class":93},[71,119237,82],{"class":81},[71,119239,2139],{"class":127},[71,119241,204],{"class":89},[20,119243,48643,119244,119246],{},[15,119245,42491],{}," does not work on integers.",[350,119248,119250],{"id":119249},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119252,119253],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[62,119255,119257],{"className":64,"code":119256,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119258,119259,119279,119289,119293],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119260,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119262,3950],{"class":77},[71,119264,82],{"class":81},[71,119266,1740],{"class":89},[71,119268,640],{"class":117},[71,119270,109],{"class":89},[71,119272,165],{"class":117},[71,119274,109],{"class":89},[71,119276,183],{"class":117},[71,119278,1757],{"class":89},[71,119280,119281,119283,119285,119287],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,119282,74652],{"class":127},[71,119284,90],{"class":89},[71,119286,3980],{"class":133},[71,119288,121],{"class":89},[71,119290,119291],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,119292,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,119294,119295,119297,119299,119301],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,119296,128],{"class":127},[71,119298,90],{"class":89},[71,119300,3980],{"class":133},[71,119302,121],{"class":89},[20,119304,209],{},[62,119306,119308],{"className":64,"code":119307,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119309,119310],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119311,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322,119324],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119313,4234],{"class":89},[71,119315,640],{"class":117},[71,119317,109],{"class":89},[71,119319,165],{"class":117},[71,119321,109],{"class":89},[71,119323,183],{"class":117},[71,119325,1757],{"class":89},[20,119327,119328],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[288,119330,2054],{"id":2053},[40,119332,119333,119337,119340,119345,119349],{},[43,119334,4915,119335,74100],{},[15,119336,74562],{},[43,119338,119339],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[43,119341,5041,119342,119344],{},[15,119343,74562],{}," always returns a list",[43,119346,8758,119347,23221],{},[15,119348,118797],{},[43,119350,29770,119351,119353,119354],{},[15,119352,64449],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119355,74562],{},[20,119357,119358],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[62,119360,119362],{"className":64,"code":119361,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119363,119364,119386,119412,119450],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119365,119366,119368,119370,119372,119374,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119367,128],{"class":127},[71,119369,90],{"class":89},[71,119371,74652],{"class":127},[71,119373,3317],{"class":89},[71,119375,640],{"class":117},[71,119377,109],{"class":89},[71,119379,165],{"class":117},[71,119381,109],{"class":89},[71,119383,183],{"class":117},[71,119385,3331],{"class":89},[71,119387,119388,119390,119392,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,119389,128],{"class":127},[71,119391,90],{"class":89},[71,119393,735],{"class":85},[71,119395,90],{"class":89},[71,119397,74652],{"class":127},[71,119399,5846],{"class":89},[71,119401,640],{"class":117},[71,119403,109],{"class":89},[71,119405,165],{"class":117},[71,119407,109],{"class":89},[71,119409,183],{"class":117},[71,119411,93505],{"class":89},[71,119413,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,119415,128],{"class":127},[71,119417,90],{"class":89},[71,119419,74652],{"class":127},[71,119421,3317],{"class":89},[71,119423,100],{"class":99},[71,119425,83501],{"class":103},[71,119427,100],{"class":99},[71,119429,109],{"class":89},[71,119431,231],{"class":99},[71,119433,4414],{"class":103},[71,119435,100],{"class":99},[71,119437,18177],{"class":89},[71,119439,21696],{"class":93},[71,119441,82],{"class":81},[71,119443,3775],{"class":85},[71,119445,60],{"class":89},[71,119447,8982],{"class":24868},[71,119449,204],{"class":89},[71,119451,119452,119454,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464,119466,119468,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,119453,128],{"class":127},[71,119455,90],{"class":89},[71,119457,74652],{"class":127},[71,119459,3317],{"class":89},[71,119461,640],{"class":117},[71,119463,109],{"class":89},[71,119465,165],{"class":117},[71,119467,109],{"class":89},[71,119469,183],{"class":117},[71,119471,18177],{"class":89},[71,119473,78208],{"class":93},[71,119475,82],{"class":81},[71,119477,3935],{"class":4184},[71,119479,204],{"class":89},[20,119481,119482,119483,60],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[56,119484,52906],{"href":51113},[288,119486,2163],{"id":2162},[350,119488,12813,119490,57299],{"id":119489},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119491,74562],{},[20,119493,119494],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[350,119496,5479,119498,12825],{"id":119497},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119499,74562],{},[20,119501,119502],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[350,119504,119506,119507,2069,119509,2172],{"id":119505},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119508,74562],{},[15,119510,78005],{},[20,119512,283,119513,119515],{},[15,119514,74562],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[350,119517,5479,119519,86589,119521,2172],{"id":119518},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119520,118797],{},[15,119522,74562],{},[20,119524,119525],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[350,119527,2196,119529,119531,119532,2172],{"id":119528},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119530,74562],{}," give a ",[15,119533,3337],{},[20,119535,119536],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[288,119538,2221],{"id":2220},[40,119540,119541,119545,119553,119557,119563,119569],{},[43,119542,119543],{},[56,119544,80011],{"href":78514},[43,119546,119547],{},[56,119548,13,119549,1552,119551,6119],{"href":79263},[15,119550,74562],{},[15,119552,78005],{},[43,119554,119555],{},[56,119556,52906],{"href":51113},[43,119558,119559],{},[56,119560,13,119561,3841],{"href":42488},[15,119562,42491],{},[43,119564,119565],{},[56,119566,13,119567,3841],{"href":92161},[15,119568,35874],{},[43,119570,119571],{},[56,119572,13,119573,3841],{"href":36321},[15,119574,36324],{},[2250,119576,119577],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":119579},[119580,119581,119583,119586,119587,119594,119596,119598,119600,119606,119607,119619],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":117860,"depth":124,"text":119582},"What sorted() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":119584},[119585],{"id":17508,"depth":139,"text":17509},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":118099,"depth":124,"text":118100,"children":119588},[119589,119590,119591,119592,119593],{"id":8433,"depth":139,"text":118108},{"id":49086,"depth":139,"text":118172},{"id":6624,"depth":139,"text":118269},{"id":61311,"depth":139,"text":118333},{"id":15717,"depth":139,"text":29343},{"id":118538,"depth":124,"text":119595},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118794,"depth":124,"text":119597},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119066,"depth":124,"text":119599},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119122,"depth":124,"text":119123,"children":119601},[119602,119603,119605],{"id":119131,"depth":139,"text":119132},{"id":119186,"depth":139,"text":119604},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119249,"depth":139,"text":119250},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":119608},[119609,119611,119613,119615,119617],{"id":119489,"depth":139,"text":119610},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119497,"depth":139,"text":119612},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119505,"depth":139,"text":119614},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119518,"depth":139,"text":119616},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119528,"depth":139,"text":119618},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117762,"description":119620},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119627,"title":119628,"body":119629,"description":121740,"extension":2292,"meta":121741,"navigation":142,"path":79263,"seo":121742,"stem":121743,"__hash__":121744},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119630,"toc":121687},[119631,119638,119641,119651,119657,119660,119678,119686,119688,119747,119755,119759,119781,119785,119789,119791,119808,119810,119822,119828,119912,119916,119963,119969,119976,119980,119985,119987,119999,120004,120057,120061,120081,120088,120095,120099,120102,120121,120125,120239,120243,120313,120315,120327,120332,120336,120349,120353,120428,120432,120471,120478,120484,120489,120493,120507,120511,120576,120580,120613,120616,120621,120629,120636,120649,120652,120656,120739,120743,120780,120784,120887,120891,120952,120957,120964,120968,120971,120977,120980,121047,121051,121075,121077,121095,121102,121155,121159,121179,121185,121187,121244,121251,121277,121282,121287,121295,121301,121361,121365,121412,121415,121417,121420,121446,121449,121542,121544,121564,121568,121571,121589,121595,121597,121605,121610,121617,121620,121626,121629,121635,121643,121651,121656,121658,121684],[10,119632,13,119634,1552,119636,93219],{"id":119633},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119635,74562],{},[15,119637,78005],{},[20,119639,119640],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[40,119642,119643,119647],{},[43,119644,119645],{},[15,119646,74562],{},[43,119648,119649],{},[15,119650,78005],{},[20,119652,119653,119654,119656],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[30,119655,4967],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119658,119659],{},"The main difference is simple:",[40,119661,119662,119670],{},[43,119663,283,119664,119666,119667],{},[15,119665,74562],{}," when you want a ",[30,119668,119669],{},"new sorted result",[43,119671,283,119672,119674,119675],{},[15,119673,78005],{}," when you want to ",[30,119676,119677],{},"change the original list",[20,119679,119680,119681,2728,119683,119685],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119682,78005],{},[15,119684,4110],{}," and causes confusion.",[288,119687,3940],{"id":3939},[62,119689,119691],{"className":64,"code":119690,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119692,119693,119713,119717,119734],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119694,119695,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119696,3950],{"class":77},[71,119698,82],{"class":81},[71,119700,1740],{"class":89},[71,119702,640],{"class":117},[71,119704,109],{"class":89},[71,119706,165],{"class":117},[71,119708,109],{"class":89},[71,119710,183],{"class":117},[71,119712,1757],{"class":89},[71,119714,119715],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,119716,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,119718,119719,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,119720,56025],{"class":77},[71,119722,82],{"class":81},[71,119724,74696],{"class":127},[71,119726,90],{"class":89},[71,119728,3980],{"class":133},[71,119730,3993],{"class":89},[71,119732,119733],{"class":1439},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[71,119735,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,119737,3980],{"class":77},[71,119739,60],{"class":89},[71,119741,34923],{"class":133},[71,119743,7706],{"class":89},[71,119745,119746],{"class":1439},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119748,283,119749,119751,119752,119754],{},[15,119750,74562],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119753,78005],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[288,119756,119758],{"id":119757},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[40,119760,119761,119766,119771,119778],{},[43,119762,283,119763,119765],{},[15,119764,74562],{}," to get a new sorted list",[43,119767,283,119768,119770],{},[15,119769,78005],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[43,119772,119773,119774,2728,119776],{},"Understand why ",[15,119775,78005],{},[15,119777,4110],{},[43,119779,119780],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[288,119782,291,119783,294],{"id":117860},[15,119784,74562],{},[20,119786,119787,63063],{},[15,119788,74562],{},[20,119790,49060],{},[40,119792,119793,119799,119805],{},[43,119794,119795,119796],{},"returns a ",[30,119797,119798],{},"new list",[43,119800,119801,119802,119804],{},"does ",[30,119803,4967],{}," change the original data",[43,119806,119807],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119809,51267],{},[40,119811,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820],{},[43,119813,5635],{},[43,119815,5638],{},[43,119817,5644],{},[43,119819,5641],{},[43,119821,36035],{},[350,119823,35202,119825,119827],{"id":119824},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119826,74562],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[62,119829,119831],{"className":64,"code":119830,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119832,119833,119853,119857,119871,119875,119893],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119834,119835,119837,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847,119849,119851],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119836,3950],{"class":77},[71,119838,82],{"class":81},[71,119840,1740],{"class":89},[71,119842,640],{"class":117},[71,119844,109],{"class":89},[71,119846,165],{"class":117},[71,119848,109],{"class":89},[71,119850,183],{"class":117},[71,119852,1757],{"class":89},[71,119854,119855],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,119856,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,119858,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,119860,1102],{"class":77},[71,119862,82],{"class":81},[71,119864,74696],{"class":127},[71,119866,90],{"class":89},[71,119868,3980],{"class":133},[71,119870,121],{"class":89},[71,119872,119873],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,119874,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,119876,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,119878,128],{"class":127},[71,119880,90],{"class":89},[71,119882,3184],{"class":99},[71,119884,12262],{"class":103},[71,119886,3184],{"class":99},[71,119888,109],{"class":89},[71,119890,4599],{"class":133},[71,119892,121],{"class":89},[71,119894,119895,119897,119899,119901,119904,119906,119908,119910],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,119896,128],{"class":127},[71,119898,90],{"class":89},[71,119900,3184],{"class":99},[71,119902,119903],{"class":103},"sorted result:",[71,119905,3184],{"class":99},[71,119907,109],{"class":89},[71,119909,81355],{"class":133},[71,119911,121],{"class":89},[20,119913,119914],{},[30,119915,209],{},[62,119917,119919],{"className":64,"code":119918,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119920,119921,119941],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,119922,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,119924,12241],{"class":77},[71,119926,228],{"class":89},[71,119928,1740],{"class":89},[71,119930,640],{"class":117},[71,119932,109],{"class":89},[71,119934,165],{"class":117},[71,119936,109],{"class":89},[71,119938,183],{"class":117},[71,119940,1757],{"class":89},[71,119942,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,119944,74652],{"class":127},[71,119946,81355],{"class":77},[71,119948,228],{"class":89},[71,119950,1740],{"class":89},[71,119952,3320],{"class":117},[71,119954,109],{"class":89},[71,119956,183],{"class":117},[71,119958,109],{"class":89},[71,119960,701],{"class":117},[71,119962,1757],{"class":89},[20,119964,119965,119966,119968],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119967,3980],{}," stays the same.",[20,119970,119971,119972,60],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[56,119973,13,119974,3841],{"href":74659},[15,119975,74562],{},[288,119977,291,119978,294],{"id":78071},[15,119979,78005],{},[20,119981,119982,119984],{},[15,119983,64449],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119986,49060],{},[40,119988,119989,119992,119995],{},[43,119990,119991],{},"changes the original list directly",[43,119993,119994],{},"only works on lists",[43,119996,4023,119997],{},[15,119998,4110],{},[350,120000,35202,120002,74100],{"id":120001},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120003,78005],{},[62,120005,120007],{"className":64,"code":120006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120008,120009,120029,120033,120043,120047],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120010,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021,120023,120025,120027],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120012,3950],{"class":77},[71,120014,82],{"class":81},[71,120016,1740],{"class":89},[71,120018,640],{"class":117},[71,120020,109],{"class":89},[71,120022,165],{"class":117},[71,120024,109],{"class":89},[71,120026,183],{"class":117},[71,120028,1757],{"class":89},[71,120030,120031],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120032,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120034,120035,120037,120039,120041],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,120036,3980],{"class":77},[71,120038,60],{"class":89},[71,120040,34923],{"class":133},[71,120042,369],{"class":89},[71,120044,120045],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,120046,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120048,120049,120051,120053,120055],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,120050,128],{"class":127},[71,120052,90],{"class":89},[71,120054,3980],{"class":133},[71,120056,121],{"class":89},[20,120058,120059],{},[30,120060,209],{},[62,120062,120063],{"className":64,"code":55285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,120064,120065],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120066,120067,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120068,4234],{"class":89},[71,120070,3320],{"class":117},[71,120072,109],{"class":89},[71,120074,183],{"class":117},[71,120076,109],{"class":89},[71,120078,701],{"class":117},[71,120080,1757],{"class":89},[20,120082,120083,120084,120087],{},"After calling ",[15,120085,120086],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120089,120090,120091,60],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[56,120092,13,120093,1709],{"href":74913},[15,120094,78005],{},[288,120096,120098],{"id":120097},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120100,120101],{},"Here is the core difference:",[40,120103,120104,120113],{},[43,120105,120106,120109,120110],{},[15,120107,120108],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[30,120111,120112],{},"new sorted list",[43,120114,120115,120118,120119,74470],{},[15,120116,120117],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120120,8679],{},[350,120122,120124],{"id":120123},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[62,120126,120128],{"className":64,"code":120127,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120129,120130,120150,120154,120168,120187,120206,120210,120220],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120131,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120133,3950],{"class":77},[71,120135,82],{"class":81},[71,120137,1740],{"class":89},[71,120139,2466],{"class":117},[71,120141,109],{"class":89},[71,120143,183],{"class":117},[71,120145,109],{"class":89},[71,120147,2788],{"class":117},[71,120149,1757],{"class":89},[71,120151,120152],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120153,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120155,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,120157,2886],{"class":77},[71,120159,82],{"class":81},[71,120161,74696],{"class":127},[71,120163,90],{"class":89},[71,120165,3980],{"class":133},[71,120167,121],{"class":89},[71,120169,120170,120172,120174,120176,120179,120181,120183,120185],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,120171,128],{"class":127},[71,120173,90],{"class":89},[71,120175,3184],{"class":99},[71,120177,120178],{"class":103},"numbers after sorted():",[71,120180,3184],{"class":99},[71,120182,109],{"class":89},[71,120184,4599],{"class":133},[71,120186,121],{"class":89},[71,120188,120189,120191,120193,120195,120198,120200,120202,120204],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,120190,128],{"class":127},[71,120192,90],{"class":89},[71,120194,3184],{"class":99},[71,120196,120197],{"class":103},"a:",[71,120199,3184],{"class":99},[71,120201,109],{"class":89},[71,120203,57023],{"class":133},[71,120205,121],{"class":89},[71,120207,120208],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,120209,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120211,120212,120214,120216,120218],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,120213,3980],{"class":77},[71,120215,60],{"class":89},[71,120217,34923],{"class":133},[71,120219,369],{"class":89},[71,120221,120222,120224,120226,120228,120231,120233,120235,120237],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,120223,128],{"class":127},[71,120225,90],{"class":89},[71,120227,3184],{"class":99},[71,120229,120230],{"class":103},"numbers after sort():",[71,120232,3184],{"class":99},[71,120234,109],{"class":89},[71,120236,4599],{"class":133},[71,120238,121],{"class":89},[20,120240,120241],{},[30,120242,209],{},[62,120244,120246],{"className":64,"code":120245,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120247,120248,120271,120291],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120249,120250,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120251,120252],{"class":77},"numbers after ",[71,120254,74652],{"class":127},[71,120256,29704],{"class":89},[71,120258,1740],{"class":89},[71,120260,2466],{"class":117},[71,120262,109],{"class":89},[71,120264,183],{"class":117},[71,120266,109],{"class":89},[71,120268,2788],{"class":117},[71,120270,1757],{"class":89},[71,120272,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120274,56],{"class":77},[71,120276,228],{"class":89},[71,120278,1740],{"class":89},[71,120280,630],{"class":117},[71,120282,109],{"class":89},[71,120284,2788],{"class":117},[71,120286,109],{"class":89},[71,120288,4941],{"class":117},[71,120290,1757],{"class":89},[71,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,120294,120252],{"class":77},[71,120296,34923],{"class":133},[71,120298,29704],{"class":89},[71,120300,1740],{"class":89},[71,120302,630],{"class":117},[71,120304,109],{"class":89},[71,120306,2788],{"class":117},[71,120308,109],{"class":89},[71,120310,4941],{"class":117},[71,120312,1757],{"class":89},[20,120314,1681],{},[40,120316,120317,120322],{},[43,120318,120319,120321],{},[15,120320,74562],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[43,120323,120324,120326],{},[15,120325,64449],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[288,120328,5298,120330],{"id":120329},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120331,74562],{},[20,120333,283,120334,1569],{},[15,120335,74562],{},[40,120337,120338,120341,120343,120346],{},[43,120339,120340],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[43,120342,119110],{},[43,120344,120345],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[43,120347,120348],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[350,120350,120352],{"id":120351},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[62,120354,120356],{"className":64,"code":120355,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120357,120358,120382,120386,120400,120404,120414],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120359,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120361,3950],{"class":77},[71,120363,82],{"class":81},[71,120365,171],{"class":89},[71,120367,2836],{"class":117},[71,120369,109],{"class":89},[71,120371,165],{"class":117},[71,120373,109],{"class":89},[71,120375,701],{"class":117},[71,120377,109],{"class":89},[71,120379,183],{"class":117},[71,120381,121],{"class":89},[71,120383,120384],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120385,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120387,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,120389,1102],{"class":77},[71,120391,82],{"class":81},[71,120393,74696],{"class":127},[71,120395,90],{"class":89},[71,120397,3980],{"class":133},[71,120399,121],{"class":89},[71,120401,120402],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,120403,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120405,120406,120408,120410,120412],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,120407,128],{"class":127},[71,120409,90],{"class":89},[71,120411,2594],{"class":133},[71,120413,121],{"class":89},[71,120415,120416,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,120417,128],{"class":127},[71,120419,90],{"class":89},[71,120421,735],{"class":85},[71,120423,90],{"class":89},[71,120425,2594],{"class":133},[71,120427,204],{"class":89},[20,120429,120430],{},[30,120431,209],{},[62,120433,120435],{"className":64,"code":120434,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120436,120437,120457],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120438,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120440,4234],{"class":89},[71,120442,3320],{"class":117},[71,120444,109],{"class":89},[71,120446,183],{"class":117},[71,120448,109],{"class":89},[71,120450,701],{"class":117},[71,120452,109],{"class":89},[71,120454,2788],{"class":117},[71,120456,1757],{"class":89},[71,120458,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120460,765],{"class":81},[71,120462,769],{"class":768},[71,120464,231],{"class":99},[71,120466,8433],{"class":103},[71,120468,100],{"class":99},[71,120470,778],{"class":81},[20,120472,2616,120473,120475,120476,60],{},[15,120474,74562],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[30,120477,8433],{},[20,120479,120480,120481,120483],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[56,120482,52906],{"href":51113}," is a helpful next step.",[288,120485,5298,120487],{"id":120486},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120488,78005],{},[20,120490,283,120491,1569],{},[15,120492,78005],{},[40,120494,120495,120498,120501,120504],{},[43,120496,120497],{},"you already have a list",[43,120499,120500],{},"you want to update that list directly",[43,120502,120503],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[43,120505,120506],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[350,120508,120510],{"id":120509},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[62,120512,120514],{"className":64,"code":120513,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120515,120516,120548,120552,120562,120566],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120517,120518,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120519,5332],{"class":77},[71,120521,82],{"class":81},[71,120523,1740],{"class":89},[71,120525,3184],{"class":99},[71,120527,5358],{"class":103},[71,120529,3184],{"class":99},[71,120531,109],{"class":89},[71,120533,3683],{"class":99},[71,120535,104],{"class":103},[71,120537,3184],{"class":99},[71,120539,109],{"class":89},[71,120541,3683],{"class":99},[71,120543,5349],{"class":103},[71,120545,3184],{"class":99},[71,120547,1757],{"class":89},[71,120549,120550],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120551,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120553,120554,120556,120558,120560],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,120555,5375],{"class":77},[71,120557,60],{"class":89},[71,120559,34923],{"class":133},[71,120561,369],{"class":89},[71,120563,120564],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,120565,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120567,120568,120570,120572,120574],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,120569,128],{"class":127},[71,120571,90],{"class":89},[71,120573,5375],{"class":133},[71,120575,121],{"class":89},[20,120577,120578],{},[30,120579,209],{},[62,120581,120583],{"className":64,"code":120582,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120584,120585],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120586,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605,120607,120609,120611],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120588,4234],{"class":89},[71,120590,100],{"class":99},[71,120592,104],{"class":103},[71,120594,100],{"class":99},[71,120596,109],{"class":89},[71,120598,231],{"class":99},[71,120600,5349],{"class":103},[71,120602,100],{"class":99},[71,120604,109],{"class":89},[71,120606,231],{"class":99},[71,120608,5358],{"class":103},[71,120610,100],{"class":99},[71,120612,1757],{"class":89},[20,120614,120615],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120617,120618,120619,60],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[56,120620,80011],{"href":78514},[288,120622,120624,1560,120626,120628],{"id":120623},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120625,73715],{},[15,120627,14953],{}," work with both",[20,120630,1557,120631,1560,120633,120635],{},[15,120632,74562],{},[15,120634,78005],{}," support:",[40,120637,120638,120643],{},[43,120639,120640,120642],{},[15,120641,78229],{}," for descending order",[43,120644,120645,120648],{},[15,120646,120647],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120650,120651],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[350,120653,120655],{"id":120654},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[62,120657,120659],{"className":64,"code":120658,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120660,120661,120681,120685,120707,120711,120729],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120662,120663,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120664,3950],{"class":77},[71,120666,82],{"class":81},[71,120668,1740],{"class":89},[71,120670,640],{"class":117},[71,120672,109],{"class":89},[71,120674,165],{"class":117},[71,120676,109],{"class":89},[71,120678,183],{"class":117},[71,120680,1757],{"class":89},[71,120682,120683],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120684,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120686,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,120688,128],{"class":127},[71,120690,90],{"class":89},[71,120692,74652],{"class":127},[71,120694,90],{"class":89},[71,120696,3980],{"class":133},[71,120698,109],{"class":89},[71,120700,78208],{"class":93},[71,120702,82],{"class":81},[71,120704,3935],{"class":4184},[71,120706,204],{"class":89},[71,120708,120709],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,120710,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120712,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,120714,3980],{"class":77},[71,120716,60],{"class":89},[71,120718,34923],{"class":133},[71,120720,90],{"class":89},[71,120722,73715],{"class":93},[71,120724,82],{"class":81},[71,120726,3935],{"class":4184},[71,120728,121],{"class":89},[71,120730,120731,120733,120735,120737],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,120732,128],{"class":127},[71,120734,90],{"class":89},[71,120736,3980],{"class":133},[71,120738,121],{"class":89},[20,120740,120741],{},[30,120742,209],{},[62,120744,120746],{"className":64,"code":120745,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120747,120748,120764],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120749,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120751,4234],{"class":89},[71,120753,640],{"class":117},[71,120755,109],{"class":89},[71,120757,183],{"class":117},[71,120759,109],{"class":89},[71,120761,165],{"class":117},[71,120763,1757],{"class":89},[71,120765,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120767,4234],{"class":89},[71,120769,640],{"class":117},[71,120771,109],{"class":89},[71,120773,183],{"class":117},[71,120775,109],{"class":89},[71,120777,165],{"class":117},[71,120779,1757],{"class":89},[350,120781,120783],{"id":120782},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[62,120785,120787],{"className":64,"code":120786,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120788,120789,120821,120825,120851,120855,120877],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120790,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817,120819],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120792,4405],{"class":77},[71,120794,82],{"class":81},[71,120796,1740],{"class":89},[71,120798,3184],{"class":99},[71,120800,83501],{"class":103},[71,120802,3184],{"class":99},[71,120804,109],{"class":89},[71,120806,3683],{"class":99},[71,120808,4414],{"class":103},[71,120810,3184],{"class":99},[71,120812,109],{"class":89},[71,120814,3683],{"class":99},[71,120816,118975],{"class":103},[71,120818,3184],{"class":99},[71,120820,1757],{"class":89},[71,120822,120823],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120824,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120826,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847,120849],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,120828,128],{"class":127},[71,120830,90],{"class":89},[71,120832,74652],{"class":127},[71,120834,90],{"class":89},[71,120836,4449],{"class":133},[71,120838,109],{"class":89},[71,120840,21696],{"class":93},[71,120842,82],{"class":81},[71,120844,3775],{"class":85},[71,120846,60],{"class":89},[71,120848,8982],{"class":24868},[71,120850,204],{"class":89},[71,120852,120853],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,120854,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,120856,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871,120873,120875],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,120858,4449],{"class":77},[71,120860,60],{"class":89},[71,120862,34923],{"class":133},[71,120864,90],{"class":89},[71,120866,14953],{"class":93},[71,120868,82],{"class":81},[71,120870,3775],{"class":85},[71,120872,60],{"class":89},[71,120874,8982],{"class":24868},[71,120876,121],{"class":89},[71,120878,120879,120881,120883,120885],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,120880,128],{"class":127},[71,120882,90],{"class":89},[71,120884,4449],{"class":133},[71,120886,121],{"class":89},[20,120888,120889],{},[30,120890,209],{},[62,120892,120894],{"className":64,"code":120893,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120895,120896,120924],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120897,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120899,4234],{"class":89},[71,120901,100],{"class":99},[71,120903,4414],{"class":103},[71,120905,100],{"class":99},[71,120907,109],{"class":89},[71,120909,231],{"class":99},[71,120911,83501],{"class":103},[71,120913,100],{"class":99},[71,120915,109],{"class":89},[71,120917,231],{"class":99},[71,120919,118975],{"class":103},[71,120921,100],{"class":99},[71,120923,1757],{"class":89},[71,120925,120926,120928,120930,120932,120934,120936,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946,120948,120950],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,120927,4234],{"class":89},[71,120929,100],{"class":99},[71,120931,4414],{"class":103},[71,120933,100],{"class":99},[71,120935,109],{"class":89},[71,120937,231],{"class":99},[71,120939,83501],{"class":103},[71,120941,100],{"class":99},[71,120943,109],{"class":89},[71,120945,231],{"class":99},[71,120947,118975],{"class":103},[71,120949,100],{"class":99},[71,120951,1757],{"class":89},[20,120953,8758,120954,120956],{},[15,120955,78723],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120958,120959,120960,60],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[56,120961,120963],{"href":120962},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[288,120965,120967],{"id":120966},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120969,120970],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[350,120972,120974,120975,12706],{"id":120973},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120976,78005],{},[20,120978,120979],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[62,120981,120983],{"className":64,"code":120982,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120984,120985,121005,121009,121023,121027,121037],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,120986,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001,121003],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,120988,3950],{"class":77},[71,120990,82],{"class":81},[71,120992,1740],{"class":89},[71,120994,640],{"class":117},[71,120996,109],{"class":89},[71,120998,165],{"class":117},[71,121000,109],{"class":89},[71,121002,183],{"class":117},[71,121004,1757],{"class":89},[71,121006,121007],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121008,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121010,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019,121021],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,121012,1102],{"class":77},[71,121014,82],{"class":81},[71,121016,4599],{"class":77},[71,121018,60],{"class":89},[71,121020,34923],{"class":133},[71,121022,369],{"class":89},[71,121024,121025],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,121026,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121028,121029,121031,121033,121035],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,121030,128],{"class":127},[71,121032,90],{"class":89},[71,121034,2594],{"class":133},[71,121036,121],{"class":89},[71,121038,121039,121041,121043,121045],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,121040,128],{"class":127},[71,121042,90],{"class":89},[71,121044,3980],{"class":133},[71,121046,121],{"class":89},[20,121048,121049],{},[30,121050,209],{},[62,121052,121053],{"className":64,"code":79346,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,121054,121055,121059],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121056,121057],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121058,11916],{"class":4184},[71,121060,121061,121063,121065,121067,121069,121071,121073],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121062,4234],{"class":89},[71,121064,3320],{"class":117},[71,121066,109],{"class":89},[71,121068,183],{"class":117},[71,121070,109],{"class":89},[71,121072,701],{"class":117},[71,121074,1757],{"class":89},[20,121076,12008],{},[40,121078,121079,121084,121089],{},[43,121080,121081,121083],{},[15,121082,120086],{}," sorts the list in place",[43,121085,35139,121086,121088],{},[30,121087,4967],{}," return the sorted list",[43,121090,90125,121091,42285,121093],{},[15,121092,2594],{},[15,121094,4110],{},[350,121096,121098,121099,121101],{"id":121097},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121100,74562],{}," to change the original list",[62,121103,121105],{"className":64,"code":121104,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121106,121107,121127,121131,121141,121145],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121108,121109,121111,121113,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121110,3950],{"class":77},[71,121112,82],{"class":81},[71,121114,1740],{"class":89},[71,121116,640],{"class":117},[71,121118,109],{"class":89},[71,121120,165],{"class":117},[71,121122,109],{"class":89},[71,121124,183],{"class":117},[71,121126,1757],{"class":89},[71,121128,121129],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121130,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121132,121133,121135,121137,121139],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,121134,74652],{"class":127},[71,121136,90],{"class":89},[71,121138,3980],{"class":133},[71,121140,121],{"class":89},[71,121142,121143],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,121144,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121146,121147,121149,121151,121153],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,121148,128],{"class":127},[71,121150,90],{"class":89},[71,121152,3980],{"class":133},[71,121154,121],{"class":89},[20,121156,121157],{},[30,121158,209],{},[62,121160,121161],{"className":64,"code":119307,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,121162,121163],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121164,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121166,4234],{"class":89},[71,121168,640],{"class":117},[71,121170,109],{"class":89},[71,121172,165],{"class":117},[71,121174,109],{"class":89},[71,121176,183],{"class":117},[71,121178,1757],{"class":89},[20,121180,121181,121184],{},[15,121182,121183],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121186,1781],{},[62,121188,121190],{"className":64,"code":121189,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121191,121192,121212,121216,121230,121234],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121193,121194,121196,121198,121200,121202,121204,121206,121208,121210],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121195,3950],{"class":77},[71,121197,82],{"class":81},[71,121199,1740],{"class":89},[71,121201,640],{"class":117},[71,121203,109],{"class":89},[71,121205,165],{"class":117},[71,121207,109],{"class":89},[71,121209,183],{"class":117},[71,121211,1757],{"class":89},[71,121213,121214],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121215,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121217,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,121219,55777],{"class":77},[71,121221,82],{"class":81},[71,121223,74696],{"class":127},[71,121225,90],{"class":89},[71,121227,3980],{"class":133},[71,121229,121],{"class":89},[71,121231,121232],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,121233,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121235,121236,121238,121240,121242],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,121237,128],{"class":127},[71,121239,90],{"class":89},[71,121241,55796],{"class":133},[71,121243,121],{"class":89},[350,121245,121247,121248,121250],{"id":121246},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121249,64449],{}," on a tuple or string",[62,121252,121253],{"className":64,"code":79448,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,121254,121255,121267],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121256,121257,121259,121261,121263,121265],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121258,34811],{"class":77},[71,121260,82],{"class":81},[71,121262,3683],{"class":99},[71,121264,66],{"class":103},[71,121266,3689],{"class":99},[71,121268,121269,121271,121273,121275],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121270,34832],{"class":77},[71,121272,60],{"class":89},[71,121274,34923],{"class":133},[71,121276,369],{"class":89},[20,121278,121279,121280,33723],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121281,64449],{},[20,121283,121284,121286],{},[15,121285,64449],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121288,121289,121290,121292,121293,60],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121291,74562],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[56,121294,5473],{"href":5922},[350,121296,121298,121299,119344],{"id":121297},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121300,74562],{},[62,121302,121304],{"className":64,"code":121303,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121305,121306,121319,121333,121337,121347],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121307,121308,121310,121312,121314,121317],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121309,34811],{"class":77},[71,121311,82],{"class":81},[71,121313,3683],{"class":99},[71,121315,121316],{"class":103},"cab",[71,121318,3689],{"class":99},[71,121320,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121322,1102],{"class":77},[71,121324,82],{"class":81},[71,121326,74696],{"class":127},[71,121328,90],{"class":89},[71,121330,34832],{"class":133},[71,121332,121],{"class":89},[71,121334,121335],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,121336,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121338,121339,121341,121343,121345],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,121340,128],{"class":127},[71,121342,90],{"class":89},[71,121344,2594],{"class":133},[71,121346,121],{"class":89},[71,121348,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,121350,128],{"class":127},[71,121352,90],{"class":89},[71,121354,735],{"class":85},[71,121356,90],{"class":89},[71,121358,2594],{"class":133},[71,121360,204],{"class":89},[20,121362,121363],{},[30,121364,209],{},[62,121366,121368],{"className":64,"code":121367,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121369,121370,121398],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121371,121372,121374,121376,121378,121380,121382,121384,121386,121388,121390,121392,121394,121396],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121373,4234],{"class":89},[71,121375,100],{"class":99},[71,121377,56],{"class":103},[71,121379,100],{"class":99},[71,121381,109],{"class":89},[71,121383,231],{"class":99},[71,121385,176],{"class":103},[71,121387,100],{"class":99},[71,121389,109],{"class":89},[71,121391,231],{"class":99},[71,121393,694],{"class":103},[71,121395,100],{"class":99},[71,121397,1757],{"class":89},[71,121399,121400,121402,121404,121406,121408,121410],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121401,765],{"class":81},[71,121403,769],{"class":768},[71,121405,231],{"class":99},[71,121407,8433],{"class":103},[71,121409,100],{"class":99},[71,121411,778],{"class":81},[20,121413,121414],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[288,121416,113865],{"id":113864},[20,121418,121419],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[40,121421,121422,121425,121430,121435,121441],{},[43,121423,121424],{},"confusing a function with a method",[43,121426,121427,121428,53779],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121429,64449],{},[43,121431,121432,121433,12706],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121434,78005],{},[43,121436,121437,121438,121440],{},"trying to use ",[15,121439,64449],{}," on non-list data types",[43,121442,50639,121443,121445],{},[15,121444,74562],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121447,121448],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[62,121450,121452],{"className":64,"code":121451,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121453,121454,121464,121478,121503,121518,121528],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121455,121456,121458,121460,121462],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121457,128],{"class":127},[71,121459,90],{"class":89},[71,121461,8679],{"class":133},[71,121463,121],{"class":89},[71,121465,121466,121468,121470,121472,121474,121476],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121467,128],{"class":127},[71,121469,90],{"class":89},[71,121471,74652],{"class":127},[71,121473,90],{"class":89},[71,121475,8679],{"class":133},[71,121477,204],{"class":89},[71,121479,121480,121482,121484,121486,121488,121490,121492,121495,121497,121499,121501],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,121481,1102],{"class":77},[71,121483,82],{"class":81},[71,121485,8736],{"class":77},[71,121487,60],{"class":89},[71,121489,34923],{"class":133},[71,121491,7706],{"class":89},[71,121493,121494],{"class":77},"; ",[71,121496,128],{"class":127},[71,121498,90],{"class":89},[71,121500,2594],{"class":133},[71,121502,121],{"class":89},[71,121504,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513,121516],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,121506,128],{"class":127},[71,121508,90],{"class":89},[71,121510,735],{"class":85},[71,121512,90],{"class":89},[71,121514,121515],{"class":133},"my_data",[71,121517,204],{"class":89},[71,121519,121520,121522,121524,121526],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,121521,32274],{"class":127},[71,121523,90],{"class":89},[71,121525,74652],{"class":127},[71,121527,121],{"class":89},[71,121529,121530,121532,121534,121536,121538,121540],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,121531,32274],{"class":127},[71,121533,90],{"class":89},[71,121535,8433],{"class":85},[71,121537,60],{"class":89},[71,121539,34923],{"class":24868},[71,121541,121],{"class":89},[20,121543,84511],{},[40,121545,121546,121549,121553,121561],{},[43,121547,121548],{},"whether your original list changed",[43,121550,26138,121551,11813],{},[15,121552,74562],{},[43,121554,121555,121556,121558,121559],{},"whether ",[15,121557,64449],{}," returned ",[15,121560,4110],{},[43,121562,121563],{},"what type of object you are working with",[288,121565,121567],{"id":121566},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121569,121570],{},"Use this rule:",[40,121572,121573,121581],{},[43,121574,121575,121576,121578,121579],{},"Need a ",[30,121577,119669],{},": use ",[15,121580,74562],{},[43,121582,121583,121584,121578,121587],{},"Need to ",[30,121585,121586],{},"change one list directly",[15,121588,78005],{},[20,121590,121591,121592,121594],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121593,74562],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[288,121596,2163],{"id":2162},[350,121598,121600,121601,3209,121603,2172],{"id":121599},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121602,74562],{},[15,121604,78005],{},[20,121606,121607,121609],{},[15,121608,74562],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[350,121611,2196,121613,5497,121615,2172],{"id":121612},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121614,78005],{},[15,121616,4110],{},[20,121618,121619],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[350,121621,2184,121623,121625],{"id":121622},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121624,74562],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121627,121628],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[350,121630,28448,121632,121634],{"id":121631},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121633,64449],{}," on a string?",[20,121636,46497,121637,121639,121640,40058],{},[15,121638,64449],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121641,121642],{},"sorted(string)",[350,121644,11927,121646,1560,121648,121650],{"id":121645},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121647,74562],{},[15,121649,64449],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121652,121653,121654,60],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121655,78229],{},[288,121657,2221],{"id":2220},[40,121659,121660,121666,121672,121676,121680],{},[43,121661,121662],{},[56,121663,13,121664,3841],{"href":74659},[15,121665,74562],{},[43,121667,121668],{},[56,121669,13,121670,1709],{"href":74913},[15,121671,78005],{},[43,121673,121674],{},[56,121675,80011],{"href":78514},[43,121677,121678],{},[56,121679,120963],{"href":120962},[43,121681,121682],{},[56,121683,52906],{"href":51113},[2250,121685,121686],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":121688},[121689,121690,121691,121695,121699,121702,121706,121710,121715,121725,121726,121727,121739],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":119757,"depth":124,"text":119758},{"id":117860,"depth":124,"text":119582,"children":121692},[121693],{"id":119824,"depth":139,"text":121694},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78071,"depth":124,"text":80033,"children":121696},[121697],{"id":120001,"depth":139,"text":121698},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120097,"depth":124,"text":120098,"children":121700},[121701],{"id":120123,"depth":139,"text":120124},{"id":120329,"depth":124,"text":121703,"children":121704},"When to use sorted()",[121705],{"id":120351,"depth":139,"text":120352},{"id":120486,"depth":124,"text":121707,"children":121708},"When to use list.sort()",[121709],{"id":120509,"depth":139,"text":120510},{"id":120623,"depth":124,"text":121711,"children":121712},"reverse and key work with both",[121713,121714],{"id":120654,"depth":139,"text":120655},{"id":120782,"depth":139,"text":120783},{"id":120966,"depth":124,"text":120967,"children":121716},[121717,121719,121721,121723],{"id":120973,"depth":139,"text":121718},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121097,"depth":139,"text":121720},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121246,"depth":139,"text":121722},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121297,"depth":139,"text":121724},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113864,"depth":124,"text":113865},{"id":121566,"depth":124,"text":121567},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":121728},[121729,121731,121733,121735,121737],{"id":121599,"depth":139,"text":121730},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121612,"depth":139,"text":121732},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121622,"depth":139,"text":121734},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121631,"depth":139,"text":121736},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121645,"depth":139,"text":121738},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119628,"description":121740},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121746,"title":42306,"body":121747,"description":123479,"extension":2292,"meta":123480,"navigation":142,"path":123481,"seo":123482,"stem":123483,"__hash__":123484},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121748,"toc":123436},[121749,121754,121759,121765,121767,121822,121826,121849,121854,121859,121864,121866,121897,121900,121914,121916,121918,121933,121938,121942,121945,121996,122000,122014,122021,122025,122029,122084,122088,122111,122115,122171,122175,122198,122202,122257,122261,122284,122288,122355,122359,122394,122400,122405,122410,122412,122426,122428,122502,122506,122526,122531,122538,122541,122553,122555,122624,122628,122665,122668,122693,122700,122709,122712,122724,122730,122736,122738,122744,122749,122828,122832,122873,122877,122879,122906,122909,122932,122935,122941,122944,122981,122993,123000,123002,123053,123056,123088,123091,123093,123100,123102,123117,123119,123176,123180,123204,123206,123211,123227,123234,123238,123241,123324,123334,123336,123341,123344,123350,123353,123359,123362,123368,123371,123378,123386,123388,123433],[10,121750,13,121752,18],{"id":121751},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121753,47816],{},[20,121755,32439,121756,121758],{},[15,121757,47816],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121760,121761,121762,121764],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121763,47816],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[288,121766,2334],{"id":2333},[62,121768,121770],{"className":64,"code":121769,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121771,121772,121780,121794,121798,121808],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121773,121774,121776,121778],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121775,21745],{"class":77},[71,121777,82],{"class":81},[71,121779,45357],{"class":117},[71,121781,121782,121784,121786,121788,121790,121792],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121783,34811],{"class":77},[71,121785,82],{"class":81},[71,121787,49037],{"class":85},[71,121789,90],{"class":89},[71,121791,242],{"class":133},[71,121793,121],{"class":89},[71,121795,121796],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,121797,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121799,121800,121802,121804,121806],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,121801,128],{"class":127},[71,121803,90],{"class":89},[71,121805,34832],{"class":133},[71,121807,121],{"class":89},[71,121809,121810,121812,121814,121816,121818,121820],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,121811,128],{"class":127},[71,121813,90],{"class":89},[71,121815,735],{"class":85},[71,121817,90],{"class":89},[71,121819,34832],{"class":133},[71,121821,204],{"class":89},[20,121823,121824],{},[30,121825,209],{},[62,121827,121829],{"className":64,"code":121828,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121830,121831,121835],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121832,121833],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121834,3040],{"class":117},[71,121836,121837,121839,121841,121843,121845,121847],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121838,765],{"class":81},[71,121840,769],{"class":768},[71,121842,231],{"class":99},[71,121844,3775],{"class":103},[71,121846,100],{"class":99},[71,121848,778],{"class":81},[20,121850,283,121851,121853],{},[15,121852,47816],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[288,121855,291,121857,294],{"id":121856},"what-str-does",[15,121858,47816],{},[20,121860,121861,121863],{},[15,121862,47816],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121865,2436],{},[40,121867,121868,121875,121882,121889],{},[43,121869,121870,121871,42285,121873],{},"An integer like ",[15,121872,2661],{},[15,121874,42256],{},[43,121876,121877,121878,42285,121880],{},"A float like ",[15,121879,40272],{},[15,121881,48227],{},[43,121883,121884,121885,42285,121887],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121886,3935],{},[15,121888,6980],{},[43,121890,121891,121892,42285,121894],{},"A list like ",[15,121893,75384],{},[15,121895,121896],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121898,121899],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[40,121901,121902,121905,121908,121911],{},[43,121903,121904],{},"print it",[43,121906,121907],{},"combine it with other strings",[43,121909,121910],{},"save it to a file",[43,121912,121913],{},"use it in messages",[288,121915,343],{"id":342},[20,121917,7558],{},[62,121919,121921],{"className":64,"code":121920,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"str(object)\n",[15,121922,121923],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121924,121925,121927,121929,121931],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121926,3775],{"class":85},[71,121928,90],{"class":89},[71,121930,42529],{"class":85},[71,121932,121],{"class":89},[20,121934,20887,121935,121937],{},[15,121936,42529],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121939,121940,8565],{},[15,121941,47816],{},[20,121943,121944],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[62,121946,121948],{"className":64,"code":121947,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121949,121950,121959,121982,121986],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,121951,121952,121954,121956],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,121953,5432],{"class":77},[71,121955,82],{"class":81},[71,121957,121958],{"class":117}," 100\n",[71,121960,121961,121963,121965,121967,121970,121972,121974,121976,121978,121980],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,121962,90145],{"class":77},[71,121964,82],{"class":81},[71,121966,3683],{"class":99},[71,121968,121969],{"class":103},"Your score is ",[71,121971,3184],{"class":99},[71,121973,2785],{"class":81},[71,121975,49037],{"class":85},[71,121977,90],{"class":89},[71,121979,85658],{"class":133},[71,121981,121],{"class":89},[71,121983,121984],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,121985,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,121987,121988,121990,121992,121994],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,121989,128],{"class":127},[71,121991,90],{"class":89},[71,121993,90162],{"class":133},[71,121995,121],{"class":89},[20,121997,121998],{},[30,121999,209],{},[62,122001,122003],{"className":64,"code":122002,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122004,122005],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122006,122007,122010,122012],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122008,122009],{"class":77},"Your score ",[71,122011,12302],{"class":81},[71,122013,121958],{"class":117},[20,122015,2626,122016,122020],{},[56,122017,122018,2633],{"href":2629},[15,122019,2632],{}," can help you check.",[288,122022,122024],{"id":122023},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[350,122026,122028],{"id":122027},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[62,122030,122032],{"className":64,"code":122031,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122033,122034,122042,122056,122060,122070],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122035,122036,122038,122040],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122037,2547],{"class":77},[71,122039,82],{"class":81},[71,122041,2918],{"class":117},[71,122043,122044,122046,122048,122050,122052,122054],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122045,34811],{"class":77},[71,122047,82],{"class":81},[71,122049,49037],{"class":85},[71,122051,90],{"class":89},[71,122053,2569],{"class":133},[71,122055,121],{"class":89},[71,122057,122058],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122059,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,122061,122062,122064,122066,122068],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122063,128],{"class":127},[71,122065,90],{"class":89},[71,122067,34832],{"class":133},[71,122069,121],{"class":89},[71,122071,122072,122074,122076,122078,122080,122082],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,122073,128],{"class":127},[71,122075,90],{"class":89},[71,122077,735],{"class":85},[71,122079,90],{"class":89},[71,122081,34832],{"class":133},[71,122083,204],{"class":89},[20,122085,122086],{},[30,122087,209],{},[62,122089,122091],{"className":64,"code":122090,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122092,122093,122097],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122094,122095],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122096,2707],{"class":117},[71,122098,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107,122109],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122100,765],{"class":81},[71,122102,769],{"class":768},[71,122104,231],{"class":99},[71,122106,3775],{"class":103},[71,122108,100],{"class":99},[71,122110,778],{"class":81},[350,122112,122114],{"id":122113},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[62,122116,122118],{"className":64,"code":122117,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122119,122120,122129,122143,122147,122157],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122121,122122,122124,122126],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122123,40516],{"class":77},[71,122125,82],{"class":81},[71,122127,122128],{"class":117}," 3.14\n",[71,122130,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122132,34811],{"class":77},[71,122134,82],{"class":81},[71,122136,49037],{"class":85},[71,122138,90],{"class":89},[71,122140,25268],{"class":133},[71,122142,121],{"class":89},[71,122144,122145],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122146,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,122148,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122150,128],{"class":127},[71,122152,90],{"class":89},[71,122154,34832],{"class":133},[71,122156,121],{"class":89},[71,122158,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,122160,128],{"class":127},[71,122162,90],{"class":89},[71,122164,735],{"class":85},[71,122166,90],{"class":89},[71,122168,34832],{"class":133},[71,122170,204],{"class":89},[20,122172,122173],{},[30,122174,209],{},[62,122176,122178],{"className":64,"code":122177,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122179,122180,122184],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122181,122182],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122183,40306],{"class":117},[71,122185,122186,122188,122190,122192,122194,122196],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122187,765],{"class":81},[71,122189,769],{"class":768},[71,122191,231],{"class":99},[71,122193,3775],{"class":103},[71,122195,100],{"class":99},[71,122197,778],{"class":81},[350,122199,122201],{"id":122200},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[62,122203,122205],{"className":64,"code":122204,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122206,122207,122215,122229,122233,122243],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122208,122209,122211,122213],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122210,2778],{"class":77},[71,122212,82],{"class":81},[71,122214,6761],{"class":4184},[71,122216,122217,122219,122221,122223,122225,122227],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122218,34811],{"class":77},[71,122220,82],{"class":81},[71,122222,49037],{"class":85},[71,122224,90],{"class":89},[71,122226,2804],{"class":133},[71,122228,121],{"class":89},[71,122230,122231],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122232,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,122234,122235,122237,122239,122241],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122236,128],{"class":127},[71,122238,90],{"class":89},[71,122240,34832],{"class":133},[71,122242,121],{"class":89},[71,122244,122245,122247,122249,122251,122253,122255],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,122246,128],{"class":127},[71,122248,90],{"class":89},[71,122250,735],{"class":85},[71,122252,90],{"class":89},[71,122254,34832],{"class":133},[71,122256,204],{"class":89},[20,122258,122259],{},[30,122260,209],{},[62,122262,122264],{"className":64,"code":122263,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122265,122266,122270],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122267,122268],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122269,4314],{"class":4184},[71,122271,122272,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122273,765],{"class":81},[71,122275,769],{"class":768},[71,122277,231],{"class":99},[71,122279,3775],{"class":103},[71,122281,100],{"class":99},[71,122283,778],{"class":81},[350,122285,122287],{"id":122286},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[62,122289,122291],{"className":64,"code":122290,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122292,122293,122313,122327,122331,122341],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122294,122295,122297,122299,122301,122303,122305,122307,122309,122311],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122296,1735],{"class":77},[71,122298,82],{"class":81},[71,122300,1740],{"class":89},[71,122302,3320],{"class":117},[71,122304,109],{"class":89},[71,122306,183],{"class":117},[71,122308,109],{"class":89},[71,122310,701],{"class":117},[71,122312,1757],{"class":89},[71,122314,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323,122325],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122316,34811],{"class":77},[71,122318,82],{"class":81},[71,122320,49037],{"class":85},[71,122322,90],{"class":89},[71,122324,1770],{"class":133},[71,122326,121],{"class":89},[71,122328,122329],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122330,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,122332,122333,122335,122337,122339],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122334,128],{"class":127},[71,122336,90],{"class":89},[71,122338,34832],{"class":133},[71,122340,121],{"class":89},[71,122342,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351,122353],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,122344,128],{"class":127},[71,122346,90],{"class":89},[71,122348,735],{"class":85},[71,122350,90],{"class":89},[71,122352,34832],{"class":133},[71,122354,204],{"class":89},[20,122356,122357],{},[30,122358,209],{},[62,122360,122362],{"className":64,"code":122361,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122363,122364,122380],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122365,122366,122368,122370,122372,122374,122376,122378],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122367,4234],{"class":89},[71,122369,3320],{"class":117},[71,122371,109],{"class":89},[71,122373,183],{"class":117},[71,122375,109],{"class":89},[71,122377,701],{"class":117},[71,122379,1757],{"class":89},[71,122381,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122383,765],{"class":81},[71,122385,769],{"class":768},[71,122387,231],{"class":99},[71,122389,3775],{"class":103},[71,122391,100],{"class":99},[71,122393,778],{"class":81},[20,122395,122396,122397,122399],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[30,122398,4967],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[288,122401,5298,122403],{"id":122402},"when-to-use-str",[15,122404,47816],{},[20,122406,283,122407,122409],{},[15,122408,47816],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122411,36552],{},[40,122413,122414,122417,122420,122423],{},[43,122415,122416],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[43,122418,122419],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[43,122421,122422],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[43,122424,122425],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122427,2537],{},[62,122429,122431],{"className":64,"code":122430,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122432,122433,122445,122453,122457,122492],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122434,122435,122437,122439,122441,122443],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122436,8215],{"class":77},[71,122438,82],{"class":81},[71,122440,3683],{"class":99},[71,122442,11616],{"class":103},[71,122444,3689],{"class":99},[71,122446,122447,122449,122451],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122448,21745],{"class":77},[71,122450,82],{"class":81},[71,122452,45357],{"class":117},[71,122454,122455],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122456,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,122458,122459,122461,122463,122465,122467,122469,122471,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481,122483,122485,122487,122490],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122460,90145],{"class":77},[71,122462,82],{"class":81},[71,122464,36094],{"class":77},[71,122466,2390],{"class":81},[71,122468,3683],{"class":99},[71,122470,5120],{"class":103},[71,122472,3184],{"class":99},[71,122474,2785],{"class":81},[71,122476,49037],{"class":85},[71,122478,90],{"class":89},[71,122480,242],{"class":133},[71,122482,3993],{"class":89},[71,122484,2785],{"class":81},[71,122486,3683],{"class":99},[71,122488,122489],{"class":103}," years old.",[71,122491,3689],{"class":99},[71,122493,122494,122496,122498,122500],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,122495,128],{"class":127},[71,122497,90],{"class":89},[71,122499,90162],{"class":133},[71,122501,121],{"class":89},[20,122503,122504],{},[30,122505,209],{},[62,122507,122509],{"className":64,"code":122508,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122510,122511],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122512,122513,122516,122518,122520,122523],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122514,122515],{"class":77},"Maya ",[71,122517,12302],{"class":81},[71,122519,249],{"class":117},[71,122521,122522],{"class":77}," years old",[71,122524,122525],{"class":89},".\n",[20,122527,122528,122529,60],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[56,122530,89831],{"href":89830},[288,122532,122534,1552,122536],{"id":122533},"str-vs-print",[15,122535,47816],{},[15,122537,46584],{},[20,122539,122540],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[40,122542,122543,122548],{},[43,122544,122545,122547],{},[15,122546,47816],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[43,122549,122550,122552],{},[15,122551,46584],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122554,2537],{},[62,122556,122558],{"className":64,"code":122557,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122559,122560,122568,122572,122586,122596,122610],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122561,122562,122564,122566],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122563,2778],{"class":77},[71,122565,82],{"class":81},[71,122567,3100],{"class":117},[71,122569,122570],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122571,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,122573,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582,122584],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122575,34811],{"class":77},[71,122577,82],{"class":81},[71,122579,49037],{"class":85},[71,122581,90],{"class":89},[71,122583,2804],{"class":133},[71,122585,121],{"class":89},[71,122587,122588,122590,122592,122594],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122589,128],{"class":127},[71,122591,90],{"class":89},[71,122593,34832],{"class":133},[71,122595,121],{"class":89},[71,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,122599,128],{"class":127},[71,122601,90],{"class":89},[71,122603,735],{"class":85},[71,122605,90],{"class":89},[71,122607,34832],{"class":133},[71,122609,204],{"class":89},[71,122611,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,122613,128],{"class":127},[71,122615,90],{"class":89},[71,122617,735],{"class":85},[71,122619,90],{"class":89},[71,122621,2804],{"class":133},[71,122623,204],{"class":89},[20,122625,122626],{},[30,122627,209],{},[62,122629,122631],{"className":64,"code":122630,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122632,122633,122637,122651],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122634,122635],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122636,46744],{"class":117},[71,122638,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122640,765],{"class":81},[71,122642,769],{"class":768},[71,122644,231],{"class":99},[71,122646,3775],{"class":103},[71,122648,100],{"class":99},[71,122650,778],{"class":81},[71,122652,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122654,765],{"class":81},[71,122656,769],{"class":768},[71,122658,231],{"class":99},[71,122660,2517],{"class":103},[71,122662,100],{"class":99},[71,122664,778],{"class":81},[20,122666,122667],{},"Notice:",[40,122669,122670,122676,122681],{},[43,122671,122672,122675],{},[15,122673,122674],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[43,122677,122678,122680],{},[15,122679,46584],{}," only displayed values",[43,122682,122683,122685,122686,122688,122689,61438,122691],{},[15,122684,46584],{}," did not change ",[15,122687,2804],{}," from ",[15,122690,2517],{},[15,122692,3775],{},[20,122694,122695,122696,60],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[56,122697,122698,2633],{"href":46581},[15,122699,46584],{},[288,122701,122703,1552,122705,122708],{"id":122702},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122704,47816],{},[15,122706,122707],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122710,122711],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[40,122713,122714,122719],{},[43,122715,122716,122718],{},[15,122717,47816],{}," is the more readable text version",[43,122720,122721,122723],{},[15,122722,122707],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122725,122726,122727,122729],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122728,47816],{}," much more often.",[20,122731,122732,122733,122735],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122734,47816],{}," is usually the right choice.",[288,122737,4855],{"id":4854},[350,122739,25893,122741,122743],{"id":122740},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122742,47816],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122745,122746,122748],{},[15,122747,47816],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[62,122750,122752],{"className":64,"code":122751,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122753,122754,122762,122776,122780,122790,122804,122814],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122755,122756,122758,122760],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122757,21745],{"class":77},[71,122759,82],{"class":81},[71,122761,45357],{"class":117},[71,122763,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122765,34811],{"class":77},[71,122767,82],{"class":81},[71,122769,49037],{"class":85},[71,122771,90],{"class":89},[71,122773,242],{"class":133},[71,122775,121],{"class":89},[71,122777,122778],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122779,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,122781,122782,122784,122786,122788],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122783,128],{"class":127},[71,122785,90],{"class":89},[71,122787,242],{"class":133},[71,122789,121],{"class":89},[71,122791,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,122793,128],{"class":127},[71,122795,90],{"class":89},[71,122797,735],{"class":85},[71,122799,90],{"class":89},[71,122801,242],{"class":133},[71,122803,204],{"class":89},[71,122805,122806,122808,122810,122812],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,122807,128],{"class":127},[71,122809,90],{"class":89},[71,122811,34832],{"class":133},[71,122813,121],{"class":89},[71,122815,122816,122818,122820,122822,122824,122826],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,122817,128],{"class":127},[71,122819,90],{"class":89},[71,122821,735],{"class":85},[71,122823,90],{"class":89},[71,122825,34832],{"class":133},[71,122827,204],{"class":89},[20,122829,122830],{},[30,122831,209],{},[62,122833,122835],{"className":64,"code":122834,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122836,122837,122841,122855,122859],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122838,122839],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122840,3040],{"class":117},[71,122842,122843,122845,122847,122849,122851,122853],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122844,765],{"class":81},[71,122846,769],{"class":768},[71,122848,231],{"class":99},[71,122850,2517],{"class":103},[71,122852,100],{"class":99},[71,122854,778],{"class":81},[71,122856,122857],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122858,3040],{"class":117},[71,122860,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869,122871],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122862,765],{"class":81},[71,122864,769],{"class":768},[71,122866,231],{"class":99},[71,122868,3775],{"class":103},[71,122870,100],{"class":99},[71,122872,778],{"class":81},[350,122874,122876],{"id":122875},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122878,7027],{},[62,122880,122882],{"className":64,"code":122881,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122883,122884,122892],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122885,122886,122888,122890],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122887,21745],{"class":77},[71,122889,82],{"class":81},[71,122891,45357],{"class":117},[71,122893,122894,122896,122898,122900,122902,122904],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122895,34811],{"class":77},[71,122897,82],{"class":81},[71,122899,49037],{"class":85},[71,122901,90],{"class":89},[71,122903,242],{"class":133},[71,122905,121],{"class":89},[20,122907,122908],{},"But if you only do this:",[62,122910,122912],{"className":64,"code":122911,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122913,122914,122922],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122915,122916,122918,122920],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122917,21745],{"class":77},[71,122919,82],{"class":81},[71,122921,45357],{"class":117},[71,122923,122924,122926,122928,122930],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122925,3775],{"class":85},[71,122927,90],{"class":89},[71,122929,242],{"class":133},[71,122931,121],{"class":89},[20,122933,122934],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[350,122936,8758,122938,122940],{"id":122937},"using-str-too-early",[15,122939,47816],{}," too early",[20,122942,122943],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[62,122945,122947],{"className":64,"code":122946,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122948,122949,122957,122972,122976],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,122950,122951,122953,122955],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,122952,40516],{"class":77},[71,122954,82],{"class":81},[71,122956,2918],{"class":117},[71,122958,122959,122962,122964,122966,122968,122970],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,122960,122961],{"class":77},"text_price ",[71,122963,82],{"class":81},[71,122965,49037],{"class":85},[71,122967,90],{"class":89},[71,122969,25268],{"class":133},[71,122971,121],{"class":89},[71,122973,122974],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,122975,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,122977,122978],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,122979,122980],{"class":1439},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122982,122983,122984,3209,122988,122992],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[56,122985,122986],{"href":3205},[15,122987,3208],{},[56,122989,122990],{"href":3212},[15,122991,3215],{},", depending on the situation.",[350,122994,8794,122996,122999],{"id":122995},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122997,122998],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123001,64781],{},[62,123003,123005],{"className":64,"code":123004,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123006,123007,123039],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123008,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123037],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123010,1735],{"class":77},[71,123012,82],{"class":81},[71,123014,1740],{"class":89},[71,123016,3184],{"class":99},[71,123018,4414],{"class":103},[71,123020,3184],{"class":99},[71,123022,109],{"class":89},[71,123024,3683],{"class":99},[71,123026,4423],{"class":103},[71,123028,3184],{"class":99},[71,123030,109],{"class":89},[71,123032,3683],{"class":99},[71,123034,33343],{"class":103},[71,123036,3184],{"class":99},[71,123038,1757],{"class":89},[71,123040,123041,123043,123045,123047,123049,123051],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123042,128],{"class":127},[71,123044,90],{"class":89},[71,123046,3775],{"class":85},[71,123048,90],{"class":89},[71,123050,1770],{"class":133},[71,123052,204],{"class":89},[20,123054,123055],{},"prints:",[62,123057,123058],{"className":64,"code":72974,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,123059,123060],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123061,123062,123064,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074,123076,123078,123080,123082,123084,123086],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123063,4234],{"class":89},[71,123065,100],{"class":99},[71,123067,4414],{"class":103},[71,123069,100],{"class":99},[71,123071,109],{"class":89},[71,123073,231],{"class":99},[71,123075,4423],{"class":103},[71,123077,100],{"class":99},[71,123079,109],{"class":89},[71,123081,231],{"class":99},[71,123083,33343],{"class":103},[71,123085,100],{"class":99},[71,123087,1757],{"class":89},[20,123089,123090],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[288,123092,17533],{"id":17532},[20,123094,123095,22092,123097,60],{},[15,123096,47816],{},[30,123098,123099],{},"new string",[20,123101,11565],{},[40,123103,123104,123107,123110],{},[43,123105,123106],{},"It always returns a string",[43,123108,123109],{},"It does not modify the original object",[43,123111,8102,123112,123116],{},[56,123113,123114],{"href":2629},[15,123115,2632],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123118,2537],{},[62,123120,123122],{"className":64,"code":123121,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123123,123124,123132,123147,123151,123162],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123125,123126,123128,123130],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123127,2778],{"class":77},[71,123129,82],{"class":81},[71,123131,14242],{"class":117},[71,123133,123134,123137,123139,123141,123143,123145],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123135,123136],{"class":77},"converted ",[71,123138,82],{"class":81},[71,123140,49037],{"class":85},[71,123142,90],{"class":89},[71,123144,2804],{"class":133},[71,123146,121],{"class":89},[71,123148,123149],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,123150,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,123152,123153,123155,123157,123160],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,123154,128],{"class":127},[71,123156,90],{"class":89},[71,123158,123159],{"class":133},"converted",[71,123161,121],{"class":89},[71,123163,123164,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,123165,128],{"class":127},[71,123167,90],{"class":89},[71,123169,735],{"class":85},[71,123171,90],{"class":89},[71,123173,123159],{"class":133},[71,123175,204],{"class":89},[20,123177,123178],{},[30,123179,209],{},[62,123181,123183],{"className":64,"code":123182,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123184,123185,123190],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123186,123187],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123188,123189],{"class":117},"99\n",[71,123191,123192,123194,123196,123198,123200,123202],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123193,765],{"class":81},[71,123195,769],{"class":768},[71,123197,231],{"class":99},[71,123199,3775],{"class":103},[71,123201,100],{"class":99},[71,123203,778],{"class":81},[288,123205,113865],{"id":113864},[20,123207,123208,123209,74953],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123210,47816],{},[40,123212,123213,123216,123219,123224],{},[43,123214,123215],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[43,123217,123218],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[43,123220,8758,123221,123223],{},[15,123222,47816],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[43,123225,123226],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123228,123229,123230,60],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[56,123231,25798,123232],{"href":90543},[15,123233,90544],{},[288,123235,123237],{"id":123236},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123239,123240],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[62,123242,123244],{"className":64,"code":123243,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123245,123246,123254,123258,123268,123282,123286,123300,123310],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123247,123248,123250,123252],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123249,2778],{"class":77},[71,123251,82],{"class":81},[71,123253,45357],{"class":117},[71,123255,123256],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123257,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,123259,123260,123262,123264,123266],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,123261,128],{"class":127},[71,123263,90],{"class":89},[71,123265,2804],{"class":133},[71,123267,121],{"class":89},[71,123269,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278,123280],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,123271,128],{"class":127},[71,123273,90],{"class":89},[71,123275,735],{"class":85},[71,123277,90],{"class":89},[71,123279,2804],{"class":133},[71,123281,204],{"class":89},[71,123283,123284],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,123285,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,123287,123288,123290,123292,123294,123296,123298],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,123289,123136],{"class":77},[71,123291,82],{"class":81},[71,123293,49037],{"class":85},[71,123295,90],{"class":89},[71,123297,2804],{"class":133},[71,123299,121],{"class":89},[71,123301,123302,123304,123306,123308],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,123303,128],{"class":127},[71,123305,90],{"class":89},[71,123307,123159],{"class":133},[71,123309,121],{"class":89},[71,123311,123312,123314,123316,123318,123320,123322],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,123313,128],{"class":127},[71,123315,90],{"class":89},[71,123317,735],{"class":85},[71,123319,90],{"class":89},[71,123321,123159],{"class":133},[71,123323,204],{"class":89},[20,123325,123326,123327,2518,123329,123331,123332,60],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123328,2517],{},[15,123330,2521],{},", or another type into ",[15,123333,3775],{},[288,123335,2163],{"id":2162},[350,123337,5479,123339,5482],{"id":123338},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123340,47816],{},[20,123342,123343],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[350,123345,12813,123347,123349],{"id":123346},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123348,47816],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123351,123352],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[350,123354,2184,123356,123358],{"id":123355},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123357,47816],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123360,123361],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[350,123363,94729,123365,123367],{"id":123364},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123366,47816],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123369,123370],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[350,123372,15015,123374,57341,123376,2172],{"id":123373},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123375,47816],{},[15,123377,46584],{},[20,123379,46497,123380,123382,123383,123385],{},[15,123381,47816],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123384,46584],{}," shows output.",[288,123387,2221],{"id":2220},[40,123389,123390,123396,123402,123408,123414,123423,123427],{},[43,123391,123392],{},[56,123393,123394,3841],{"href":46581},[15,123395,46584],{},[43,123397,123398],{},[56,123399,123400,3841],{"href":2629},[15,123401,2632],{},[43,123403,123404],{},[56,123405,123406,3841],{"href":3205},[15,123407,3208],{},[43,123409,123410],{},[56,123411,123412,3841],{"href":3212},[15,123413,3215],{},[43,123415,123416],{},[56,123417,123419,123420,123422],{"href":123418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123421,2517],{}," to string in Python",[43,123424,123425],{},[56,123426,90821],{"href":89830},[43,123428,123429],{},[56,123430,30468,123431],{"href":90543},[15,123432,90544],{},[2250,123434,123435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":123437},[123438,123439,123441,123442,123448,123450,123452,123454,123463,123464,123465,123466,123478],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":121856,"depth":124,"text":123440},"What str() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":122023,"depth":124,"text":122024,"children":123443},[123444,123445,123446,123447],{"id":122027,"depth":139,"text":122028},{"id":122113,"depth":139,"text":122114},{"id":122200,"depth":139,"text":122201},{"id":122286,"depth":139,"text":122287},{"id":122402,"depth":124,"text":123449},"When to use str()",{"id":122533,"depth":124,"text":123451},"str() vs print()",{"id":122702,"depth":124,"text":123453},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":123455},[123456,123458,123459,123461],{"id":122740,"depth":139,"text":123457},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122875,"depth":139,"text":122876},{"id":122937,"depth":139,"text":123460},"Using str() too early",{"id":122995,"depth":139,"text":123462},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":113864,"depth":124,"text":113865},{"id":123236,"depth":124,"text":123237},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":123467},[123468,123470,123472,123474,123476],{"id":123338,"depth":139,"text":123469},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123346,"depth":139,"text":123471},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123355,"depth":139,"text":123473},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123364,"depth":139,"text":123475},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123373,"depth":139,"text":123477},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42306,"description":123479},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123486,"title":123487,"body":123488,"description":124941,"extension":2292,"meta":124942,"navigation":142,"path":124943,"seo":124944,"stem":124945,"__hash__":124946},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123489,"toc":124903},[123490,123496,123502,123505,123527,123529,123591,123593,123606,123612,123617,123622,123624,123637,123648,123650,123677,123679,123696,123703,123714,123716,123721,123723,123735,123743,123752,123754,123757,123810,123812,123820,123828,123832,123837,123877,123879,123887,123890,123892,123932,123934,123942,123952,123958,123961,124034,124036,124049,124053,124058,124086,124089,124124,124126,124134,124137,124141,124145,124147,124163,124165,124205,124207,124215,124224,124267,124269,124277,124279,124283,124289,124292,124332,124334,124342,124347,124350,124393,124397,124400,124435,124440,124442,124481,124491,124499,124509,124517,124521,124526,124528,124569,124571,124579,124584,124587,124590,124608,124614,124618,124623,124626,124666,124668,124673,124772,124775,124791,124793,124812,124814,124821,124824,124830,124833,124839,124843,124849,124852,124858,124861,124863,124900],[10,123491,123493,123494,11428],{"id":123492},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123495,57426],{},[20,123497,123498,123499,123501],{},"The Python string ",[15,123500,57426],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123503,123504],{},"This reference page explains:",[40,123506,123507,123511,123514,123516,123524],{},[43,123508,26138,123509,294],{},[15,123510,57426],{},[43,123512,123513],{},"its syntax",[43,123515,35519],{},[43,123517,123518,123519,1560,123521,123523],{},"how ",[15,123520,36198],{},[15,123522,52795],{}," work",[43,123525,123526],{},"common beginner mistakes",[288,123528,2334],{"id":2333},[62,123530,123532],{"className":64,"code":123531,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123533,123534,123546,123568],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123535,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123537,34811],{"class":77},[71,123539,82],{"class":81},[71,123541,3683],{"class":99},[71,123543,4423],{"class":103},[71,123545,3689],{"class":99},[71,123547,123548,123550,123552,123554,123556,123558,123560,123562,123564,123566],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123549,128],{"class":127},[71,123551,90],{"class":89},[71,123553,34832],{"class":133},[71,123555,60],{"class":89},[71,123557,41389],{"class":133},[71,123559,90],{"class":89},[71,123561,3184],{"class":99},[71,123563,56],{"class":103},[71,123565,3184],{"class":99},[71,123567,204],{"class":89},[71,123569,123570,123572,123574,123576,123578,123580,123582,123584,123587,123589],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,123571,128],{"class":127},[71,123573,90],{"class":89},[71,123575,34832],{"class":133},[71,123577,60],{"class":89},[71,123579,41389],{"class":133},[71,123581,90],{"class":89},[71,123583,3184],{"class":99},[71,123585,123586],{"class":103},"na",[71,123588,3184],{"class":99},[71,123590,204],{"class":89},[20,123592,209],{},[62,123594,123596],{"className":64,"code":123595,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"3\n2\n",[15,123597,123598,123602],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123599,123600],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123601,46749],{"class":117},[71,123603,123604],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123605,17170],{"class":117},[20,123607,283,123608,123611],{},[15,123609,123610],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[288,123613,13106,123615,13109],{"id":123614},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123616,57426],{},[20,123618,123619,123621],{},[15,123620,57426],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123623,13162],{},[40,123625,123626,123629,123632,123634],{},[43,123627,123628],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[43,123630,123631],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[43,123633,43789],{},[43,123635,123636],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123638,123639,123640,123642,123643,2518,123645,123647],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123641,18211],{}," characters are in ",[15,123644,65412],{},[15,123646,57426],{}," is a simple choice.",[288,123649,343],{"id":342},[62,123651,123653],{"className":64,"code":123652,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123654,123655],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123656,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665,123667,123669,123671,123673,123675],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123658,61311],{"class":77},[71,123660,60],{"class":89},[71,123662,41389],{"class":133},[71,123664,90],{"class":89},[71,123666,2804],{"class":133},[71,123668,109],{"class":89},[71,123670,36177],{"class":133},[71,123672,109],{"class":89},[71,123674,65178],{"class":133},[71,123676,121],{"class":89},[350,123678,17509],{"id":17508},[40,123680,123681,123686,123691],{},[43,123682,123683,123685],{},[15,123684,2804],{},": the text to search for",[43,123687,123688,123690],{},[15,123689,36198],{},": optional; where counting begins",[43,123692,123693,123695],{},[15,123694,52795],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123697,123698,1560,123700,123702],{},[15,123699,36198],{},[15,123701,52795],{}," work like slice positions:",[40,123704,123705,123710],{},[43,123706,123707,123709],{},[15,123708,36198],{}," is included",[43,123711,123712,75879],{},[15,123713,52795],{},[288,123715,17533],{"id":17532},[20,123717,123718,123720],{},[15,123719,57426],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123722,2455],{},[40,123724,123725,123730],{},[43,123726,123727,123728],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123729,640],{},[43,123731,123732,123733],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123734,2449],{},[20,123736,41035,123737,5497,123739,3209,123741,60],{},[30,123738,4967],{},[15,123740,3935],{},[15,123742,4006],{},[20,123744,123745,123746,123751],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[56,123747,123749,101739],{"href":123748},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123750,4216],{}," is often a better fit.",[288,123753,11582],{"id":11581},[20,123755,123756],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[62,123758,123760],{"className":64,"code":123759,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123761,123762,123774,123796,123800],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123763,123764,123766,123768,123770,123772],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123765,34811],{"class":77},[71,123767,82],{"class":81},[71,123769,3683],{"class":99},[71,123771,4414],{"class":103},[71,123773,3689],{"class":99},[71,123775,123776,123778,123780,123782,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792,123794],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123777,1102],{"class":77},[71,123779,82],{"class":81},[71,123781,42972],{"class":77},[71,123783,60],{"class":89},[71,123785,41389],{"class":133},[71,123787,90],{"class":89},[71,123789,3184],{"class":99},[71,123791,20],{"class":103},[71,123793,3184],{"class":99},[71,123795,121],{"class":89},[71,123797,123798],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,123799,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,123801,123802,123804,123806,123808],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,123803,128],{"class":127},[71,123805,90],{"class":89},[71,123807,2594],{"class":133},[71,123809,121],{"class":89},[20,123811,209],{},[62,123813,123814],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,123815,123816],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123817,123818],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123819,17170],{"class":117},[20,123821,63957,123822,123825,123826,60],{},[15,123823,123824],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123827,57969],{},[288,123829,123831],{"id":123830},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123833,123834,123836],{},[15,123835,57426],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[62,123838,123840],{"className":64,"code":123839,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123841,123842,123855],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123843,123844,123846,123848,123850,123853],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123845,34811],{"class":77},[71,123847,82],{"class":81},[71,123849,3683],{"class":99},[71,123851,123852],{"class":103},"cat dog cat bird cat",[71,123854,3689],{"class":99},[71,123856,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123858,128],{"class":127},[71,123860,90],{"class":89},[71,123862,34832],{"class":133},[71,123864,60],{"class":89},[71,123866,41389],{"class":133},[71,123868,90],{"class":89},[71,123870,3184],{"class":99},[71,123872,37174],{"class":103},[71,123874,3184],{"class":99},[71,123876,204],{"class":89},[20,123878,209],{},[62,123880,123881],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,123882,123883],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123884,123885],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123886,46749],{"class":117},[20,123888,123889],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123891,2537],{},[62,123893,123895],{"className":64,"code":123894,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123896,123897,123910],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123898,123899,123901,123903,123905,123908],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123900,34811],{"class":77},[71,123902,82],{"class":81},[71,123904,3683],{"class":99},[71,123906,123907],{"class":103},"one One one",[71,123909,3689],{"class":99},[71,123911,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924,123926,123928,123930],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123913,128],{"class":127},[71,123915,90],{"class":89},[71,123917,34832],{"class":133},[71,123919,60],{"class":89},[71,123921,41389],{"class":133},[71,123923,90],{"class":89},[71,123925,3184],{"class":99},[71,123927,6924],{"class":103},[71,123929,3184],{"class":99},[71,123931,204],{"class":89},[20,123933,209],{},[62,123935,123936],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,123937,123938],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123939,123940],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123941,17170],{"class":117},[20,123943,123944,123945,123948,123949,123951],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123946,123947],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123950,57426],{}," is case-sensitive.",[288,123953,8758,123954,1560,123956],{"id":65544},[15,123955,36198],{},[15,123957,52795],{},[20,123959,123960],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[62,123962,123964],{"className":64,"code":123963,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123965,123966,123978,124004],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,123967,123968,123970,123972,123974,123976],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,123969,34811],{"class":77},[71,123971,82],{"class":81},[71,123973,3683],{"class":99},[71,123975,4423],{"class":103},[71,123977,3689],{"class":99},[71,123979,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,123981,128],{"class":127},[71,123983,90],{"class":89},[71,123985,34832],{"class":133},[71,123987,60],{"class":89},[71,123989,41389],{"class":133},[71,123991,90],{"class":89},[71,123993,3184],{"class":99},[71,123995,56],{"class":103},[71,123997,3184],{"class":99},[71,123999,109],{"class":89},[71,124001,183],{"class":117},[71,124003,204],{"class":89},[71,124005,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,124007,128],{"class":127},[71,124009,90],{"class":89},[71,124011,34832],{"class":133},[71,124013,60],{"class":89},[71,124015,41389],{"class":133},[71,124017,90],{"class":89},[71,124019,3184],{"class":99},[71,124021,56],{"class":103},[71,124023,3184],{"class":99},[71,124025,109],{"class":89},[71,124027,183],{"class":117},[71,124029,109],{"class":89},[71,124031,4941],{"class":117},[71,124033,204],{"class":89},[20,124035,209],{},[62,124037,124039],{"className":64,"code":124038,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"2\n1\n",[15,124040,124041,124045],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124042,124043],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124044,17170],{"class":117},[71,124046,124047],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124048,47049],{"class":117},[350,124050,124052],{"id":124051},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124054,124055,124056,228],{},"In ",[15,124057,65412],{},[40,124059,124060,124068,124076],{},[43,124061,71103,124062,124064,124065],{},[15,124063,630],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124066,124067],{},"\"n\"",[43,124069,124070,124073,124074,76177],{},[15,124071,124072],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124075,630],{},[43,124077,124078,124073,124081,124083,124084],{},[15,124079,124080],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124082,630],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124085,2466],{},[20,124087,124088],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[62,124090,124092],{"className":64,"code":124091,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124093,124094,124106],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124095,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124097,34811],{"class":77},[71,124099,82],{"class":81},[71,124101,3683],{"class":99},[71,124103,4423],{"class":103},[71,124105,3689],{"class":99},[71,124107,124108,124110,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124109,128],{"class":127},[71,124111,90],{"class":89},[71,124113,34832],{"class":133},[71,124115,4234],{"class":89},[71,124117,630],{"class":117},[71,124119,228],{"class":89},[71,124121,2466],{"class":117},[71,124123,4222],{"class":89},[20,124125,209],{},[62,124127,124128],{"className":64,"code":41598,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,124129,124130],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124131,124132],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124133,41598],{"class":77},[20,124135,124136],{},"Only that section is searched.",[288,124138,124140],{"id":124139},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124142,124143,123951],{},[15,124144,57426],{},[20,124146,2436],{},[40,124148,124149,124157],{},[43,124150,124151,1560,124153,124156],{},[15,124152,18211],{},[15,124154,124155],{},"\"A\""," are different",[43,124158,124159,1560,124161,124156],{},[15,124160,64672],{},[15,124162,90556],{},[20,124164,2537],{},[62,124166,124168],{"className":64,"code":124167,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124169,124170,124183],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124171,124172,124174,124176,124178,124181],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124173,34811],{"class":77},[71,124175,82],{"class":81},[71,124177,3683],{"class":99},[71,124179,124180],{"class":103},"Apple apple APPLE",[71,124182,3689],{"class":99},[71,124184,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201,124203],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124186,128],{"class":127},[71,124188,90],{"class":89},[71,124190,34832],{"class":133},[71,124192,60],{"class":89},[71,124194,41389],{"class":133},[71,124196,90],{"class":89},[71,124198,3184],{"class":99},[71,124200,4414],{"class":103},[71,124202,3184],{"class":99},[71,124204,204],{"class":89},[20,124206,209],{},[62,124208,124209],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,124210,124211],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124212,124213],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124214,47049],{"class":117},[20,124216,124217,124218,228],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[56,124219,124221],{"href":124220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124222,124223],{},"lower()",[62,124225,124227],{"className":64,"code":124226,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124228,124229,124241],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124230,124231,124233,124235,124237,124239],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124232,34811],{"class":77},[71,124234,82],{"class":81},[71,124236,3683],{"class":99},[71,124238,124180],{"class":103},[71,124240,3689],{"class":99},[71,124242,124243,124245,124247,124249,124251,124253,124255,124257,124259,124261,124263,124265],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124244,128],{"class":127},[71,124246,90],{"class":89},[71,124248,34832],{"class":133},[71,124250,60],{"class":89},[71,124252,8982],{"class":133},[71,124254,8979],{"class":89},[71,124256,41389],{"class":133},[71,124258,90],{"class":89},[71,124260,3184],{"class":99},[71,124262,4414],{"class":103},[71,124264,3184],{"class":99},[71,124266,204],{"class":89},[20,124268,209],{},[62,124270,124271],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,124272,124273],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124274,124275],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124276,46749],{"class":117},[288,124278,2054],{"id":2053},[20,124280,23212,124281,60],{},[15,124282,57426],{},[350,124284,8794,124286,124288],{"id":124285},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124287,57426],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124290,124291],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[62,124293,124295],{"className":64,"code":124294,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124296,124297,124310],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124298,124299,124301,124303,124305,124308],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124300,34811],{"class":77},[71,124302,82],{"class":81},[71,124304,3683],{"class":99},[71,124306,124307],{"class":103},"Aardvark",[71,124309,3689],{"class":99},[71,124311,124312,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124313,128],{"class":127},[71,124315,90],{"class":89},[71,124317,34832],{"class":133},[71,124319,60],{"class":89},[71,124321,41389],{"class":133},[71,124323,90],{"class":89},[71,124325,3184],{"class":99},[71,124327,56],{"class":103},[71,124329,3184],{"class":99},[71,124331,204],{"class":89},[20,124333,209],{},[62,124335,124336],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,124337,124338],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124339,124340],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124341,17170],{"class":117},[20,124343,123944,124344,124346],{},[15,124345,124155],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124348,124349],{},"If needed, convert first:",[62,124351,124353],{"className":64,"code":124352,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124354,124355,124367],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124356,124357,124359,124361,124363,124365],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124358,34811],{"class":77},[71,124360,82],{"class":81},[71,124362,3683],{"class":99},[71,124364,124307],{"class":103},[71,124366,3689],{"class":99},[71,124368,124369,124371,124373,124375,124377,124379,124381,124383,124385,124387,124389,124391],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124370,128],{"class":127},[71,124372,90],{"class":89},[71,124374,34832],{"class":133},[71,124376,60],{"class":89},[71,124378,8982],{"class":133},[71,124380,8979],{"class":89},[71,124382,41389],{"class":133},[71,124384,90],{"class":89},[71,124386,3184],{"class":99},[71,124388,56],{"class":103},[71,124390,3184],{"class":99},[71,124392,204],{"class":89},[350,124394,124396],{"id":124395},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124398,124399],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[62,124401,124403],{"className":64,"code":124402,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124404,124405,124417],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124406,124407,124409,124411,124413,124415],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124408,34811],{"class":77},[71,124410,82],{"class":81},[71,124412,3683],{"class":99},[71,124414,4423],{"class":103},[71,124416,3689],{"class":99},[71,124418,124419,124421,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124433],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124420,128],{"class":127},[71,124422,90],{"class":89},[71,124424,34832],{"class":133},[71,124426,60],{"class":89},[71,124428,41389],{"class":133},[71,124430,90],{"class":89},[71,124432,56],{"class":133},[71,124434,204],{"class":89},[20,124436,124437,124438,60],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124439,56],{},[20,124441,1781],{},[62,124443,124445],{"className":64,"code":124444,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124446,124447,124459],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124448,124449,124451,124453,124455,124457],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124450,34811],{"class":77},[71,124452,82],{"class":81},[71,124454,3683],{"class":99},[71,124456,4423],{"class":103},[71,124458,3689],{"class":99},[71,124460,124461,124463,124465,124467,124469,124471,124473,124475,124477,124479],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124462,128],{"class":127},[71,124464,90],{"class":89},[71,124466,34832],{"class":133},[71,124468,60],{"class":89},[71,124470,41389],{"class":133},[71,124472,90],{"class":89},[71,124474,3184],{"class":99},[71,124476,56],{"class":103},[71,124478,3184],{"class":99},[71,124480,204],{"class":89},[350,124482,37331,124484,9046,124486,3209,124489],{"id":124483},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124485,57426],{},[15,124487,124488],{},"find()",[15,124490,59104],{},[20,124492,283,124493,124495,124496,60],{},[15,124494,57426],{}," when you need the ",[30,124497,124498],{},"number of matches",[20,124500,283,124501,124495,124506,124508],{},[56,124502,124504],{"href":124503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124505,124488],{},[30,124507,65084],{}," of the first match.",[20,124510,283,124511,124516],{},[56,124512,124514],{"href":124513},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124515,59104],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[350,124518,124520],{"id":124519},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124522,124523,124525],{},[15,124524,57426],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124527,2537],{},[62,124529,124531],{"className":64,"code":124530,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124532,124533,124546],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124534,124535,124537,124539,124541,124544],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124536,34811],{"class":77},[71,124538,82],{"class":81},[71,124540,3683],{"class":99},[71,124542,124543],{"class":103},"aaaa",[71,124545,3689],{"class":99},[71,124547,124548,124550,124552,124554,124556,124558,124560,124562,124565,124567],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124549,128],{"class":127},[71,124551,90],{"class":89},[71,124553,34832],{"class":133},[71,124555,60],{"class":89},[71,124557,41389],{"class":133},[71,124559,90],{"class":89},[71,124561,3184],{"class":99},[71,124563,124564],{"class":103},"aa",[71,124566,3184],{"class":99},[71,124568,204],{"class":89},[20,124570,209],{},[62,124572,124573],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,124574,124575],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124576,124577],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124578,17170],{"class":117},[20,124580,124581,124582,60],{},"It does not return ",[15,124583,640],{},[20,124585,124586],{},"Why not?",[20,124588,124589],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[40,124591,124592,124601],{},[43,124593,124594,124597,124598],{},[15,124595,124596],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124599,124600],{},"0-1",[43,124602,124603,124597,124605],{},[15,124604,124596],{},[15,124606,124607],{},"2-3",[20,124609,124610,124611,60],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124612,124613],{},"1-2",[288,124615,5298,124616],{"id":58509},[15,124617,57426],{},[20,124619,283,124620,124622],{},[15,124621,57426],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124624,124625],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[40,124627,124628,124637,124647,124657],{},[43,124629,283,124630,124632,124633,124636],{},[15,124631,57426],{}," when you need ",[30,124634,124635],{},"how many times"," something appears",[43,124638,283,124639,124632,124643,124646],{},[56,124640,124641],{"href":124503},[15,124642,124488],{},[30,124644,124645],{},"where"," it appears",[43,124648,47943,124649,124653,124654],{},[56,124650,124651,101739],{"href":123748},[15,124652,4216],{}," when you only need to know ",[30,124655,124656],{},"if it exists",[43,124658,283,124659,124665],{},[56,124660,124662],{"href":124661},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124663,124664],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[288,124667,26061],{"id":26060},[20,124669,9216,124670,124672],{},[15,124671,57426],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[62,124674,124676],{"className":64,"code":124675,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124677,124678,124688,124702,124724,124750],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124679,124680,124682,124684,124686],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124681,128],{"class":127},[71,124683,90],{"class":89},[71,124685,34832],{"class":133},[71,124687,121],{"class":89},[71,124689,124690,124692,124694,124696,124698,124700],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124691,128],{"class":127},[71,124693,90],{"class":89},[71,124695,735],{"class":85},[71,124697,90],{"class":89},[71,124699,34832],{"class":133},[71,124701,204],{"class":89},[71,124703,124704,124706,124708,124710,124712,124714,124716,124718,124720,124722],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,124705,128],{"class":127},[71,124707,90],{"class":89},[71,124709,34832],{"class":133},[71,124711,60],{"class":89},[71,124713,41389],{"class":133},[71,124715,90],{"class":89},[71,124717,3184],{"class":99},[71,124719,56],{"class":103},[71,124721,3184],{"class":99},[71,124723,204],{"class":89},[71,124725,124726,124728,124730,124732,124734,124736,124738,124740,124742,124744,124746,124748],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,124727,128],{"class":127},[71,124729,90],{"class":89},[71,124731,34832],{"class":133},[71,124733,60],{"class":89},[71,124735,8982],{"class":133},[71,124737,8979],{"class":89},[71,124739,41389],{"class":133},[71,124741,90],{"class":89},[71,124743,3184],{"class":99},[71,124745,56],{"class":103},[71,124747,3184],{"class":99},[71,124749,204],{"class":89},[71,124751,124752,124754,124756,124758,124760,124762,124764,124766,124768,124770],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,124753,128],{"class":127},[71,124755,90],{"class":89},[71,124757,34832],{"class":133},[71,124759,60],{"class":89},[71,124761,41389],{"class":133},[71,124763,90],{"class":89},[71,124765,3184],{"class":99},[71,124767,123586],{"class":103},[71,124769,3184],{"class":99},[71,124771,204],{"class":89},[20,124773,124774],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[40,124776,124777,124780,124785,124788],{},[43,124778,124779],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[43,124781,124782,124784],{},[15,124783,34832],{}," not being a string",[43,124786,124787],{},"counting the wrong substring",[43,124789,124790],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124792,58998],{},[40,124794,124795,124798,124801,124804],{},[43,124796,124797],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[43,124799,124800],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[43,124802,124803],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[43,124805,50625,124806,44761,124808,3209,124810,73449],{},[15,124807,57426],{},[15,124809,124488],{},[15,124811,4216],{},[288,124813,2163],{"id":2162},[350,124815,124817,124818,124820],{"id":124816},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124819,57426],{}," change the original string?",[20,124822,124823],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[350,124825,15015,124827,124829],{"id":124826},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124828,57426],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124831,124832],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[350,124834,5479,124836,124838],{"id":124835},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124837,57426],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124840,5485,124841,60],{},[15,124842,2449],{},[350,124844,2184,124846,124848],{"id":124845},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124847,57426],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124850,124851],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[350,124853,12813,124855,124857],{"id":124854},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124856,57426],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124859,124860],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[288,124862,2221],{"id":2220},[40,124864,124865,124872,124879,124886,124893],{},[43,124866,124867],{},[56,124868,124869],{"href":124503},[15,124870,124871],{},"Python string find() method",[43,124873,124874],{},[56,124875,124876],{"href":124513},[15,124877,124878],{},"Python string index() method",[43,124880,124881],{},[56,124882,124883],{"href":124220},[15,124884,124885],{},"Python string lower() method",[43,124887,124888],{},[56,124889,124890],{"href":123748},[15,124891,124892],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[43,124894,124895],{},[56,124896,124897],{"href":124661},[15,124898,124899],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2250,124901,124902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":124904},[124905,124906,124908,124911,124912,124913,124914,124917,124918,124926,124927,124928,124940],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":123614,"depth":124,"text":124907},"What the count() method does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":124909},[124910],{"id":17508,"depth":139,"text":17509},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":123830,"depth":124,"text":123831},{"id":65544,"depth":124,"text":66327,"children":124915},[124916],{"id":124051,"depth":139,"text":124052},{"id":124139,"depth":124,"text":124140},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":124919},[124920,124922,124923,124925],{"id":124285,"depth":139,"text":124921},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124395,"depth":139,"text":124396},{"id":124483,"depth":139,"text":124924},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124519,"depth":139,"text":124520},{"id":58509,"depth":124,"text":59140},{"id":26060,"depth":124,"text":26061},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":124929},[124930,124932,124934,124936,124938],{"id":124816,"depth":139,"text":124931},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124826,"depth":139,"text":124933},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124835,"depth":139,"text":124935},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124845,"depth":139,"text":124937},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124854,"depth":139,"text":124939},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123487,"description":124941},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124948,"title":124949,"body":124950,"description":126535,"extension":2292,"meta":126536,"navigation":142,"path":126537,"seo":126538,"stem":126539,"__hash__":126540},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124951,"toc":126508},[124952,124955,124958,125055,125064,125066,125085,125089,125092,125095,125108,125111,125140,125145,125150,125208,125210,125243,125249,125253,125256,125259,125288,125291,125318,125321,125324,125328,125331,125338,125401,125403,125421,125424,125428,125431,125434,125476,125479,125523,125526,125529,125533,125538,125541,125584,125586,125609,125612,125645,125648,125697,125707,125711,125714,125717,125746,125749,125760,125762,125821,125824,125828,125831,125834,125849,125858,125861,125895,125898,125925,125928,125935,125937,125940,125942,125945,125959,125968,125970,125997,126001,126004,126018,126021,126080,126084,126087,126114,126117,126144,126152,126155,126215,126217,126250,126254,126257,126276,126281,126330,126335,126337,126340,126399,126417,126419,126423,126431,126435,126438,126442,126448,126452,126462,126466,126469,126471,126505],[10,124953,124949],{"id":124954},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124956,124957],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[62,124959,124961],{"className":64,"code":124960,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124962,124963,124975,124987,124996,125010,125014,125024,125034,125045],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,124964,124965,124967,124969,124971,124973],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,124966,8215],{"class":77},[71,124968,82],{"class":81},[71,124970,3683],{"class":99},[71,124972,104],{"class":103},[71,124974,3689],{"class":99},[71,124976,124977,124979,124981,124983,124985],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,124978,90145],{"class":77},[71,124980,82],{"class":81},[71,124982,231],{"class":99},[71,124984,34991],{"class":103},[71,124986,29820],{"class":99},[71,124988,124989,124992,124994],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,124990,124991],{"class":77},"empty ",[71,124993,82],{"class":81},[71,124995,8220],{"class":99},[71,124997,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006,125008],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,124999,34811],{"class":77},[71,125001,82],{"class":81},[71,125003,49037],{"class":85},[71,125005,90],{"class":89},[71,125007,50379],{"class":117},[71,125009,121],{"class":89},[71,125011,125012],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,125013,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,125015,125016,125018,125020,125022],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,125017,128],{"class":127},[71,125019,90],{"class":89},[71,125021,94],{"class":133},[71,125023,121],{"class":89},[71,125025,125026,125028,125030,125032],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,125027,128],{"class":127},[71,125029,90],{"class":89},[71,125031,90162],{"class":133},[71,125033,121],{"class":89},[71,125035,125036,125038,125040,125043],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,125037,128],{"class":127},[71,125039,90],{"class":89},[71,125041,125042],{"class":133},"empty",[71,125044,121],{"class":89},[71,125046,125047,125049,125051,125053],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,125048,128],{"class":127},[71,125050,90],{"class":89},[71,125052,34832],{"class":133},[71,125054,121],{"class":89},[20,125056,125057,125060,125061,125063],{},[30,125058,125059],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125062,47816],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[288,125065,15275],{"id":15274},[40,125067,125068,125071,125074,125077,125082],{},[43,125069,125070],{},"What a string is in Python",[43,125072,125073],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[43,125075,125076],{},"How to create an empty string",[43,125078,125079,125080],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125081,47816],{},[43,125083,125084],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[288,125086,125088],{"id":125087},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125090,125091],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125093,125094],{},"Strings can contain:",[40,125096,125097,125100,125102,125105],{},[43,125098,125099],{},"Letters",[43,125101,56597],{},[43,125103,125104],{},"Spaces",[43,125106,125107],{},"Symbols",[20,125109,125110],{},"Examples of strings:",[62,125112,125114],{"className":64,"code":125113,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125115,125116,125124,125132],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125117,125118,125120,125122],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125119,3184],{"class":43459},[71,125121,4177],{"class":43463},[71,125123,3689],{"class":43459},[71,125125,125126,125128,125130],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125127,3184],{"class":43459},[71,125129,50379],{"class":43463},[71,125131,3689],{"class":43459},[71,125133,125134,125136,125138],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,125135,3184],{"class":43459},[71,125137,89287],{"class":43463},[71,125139,3689],{"class":43459},[20,125141,21094,125142,125144],{},[15,125143,50429],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125146,125147,125148,228],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125149,2632],{},[62,125151,125153],{"className":64,"code":125152,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125154,125155,125167,125176,125180,125194],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125156,125157,125159,125161,125163,125165],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125158,34811],{"class":77},[71,125160,82],{"class":81},[71,125162,3683],{"class":99},[71,125164,50379],{"class":103},[71,125166,3689],{"class":99},[71,125168,125169,125171,125173],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125170,2547],{"class":77},[71,125172,82],{"class":81},[71,125174,125175],{"class":117}," 123\n",[71,125177,125178],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,125179,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,125181,125182,125184,125186,125188,125190,125192],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,125183,128],{"class":127},[71,125185,90],{"class":89},[71,125187,735],{"class":85},[71,125189,90],{"class":89},[71,125191,34832],{"class":133},[71,125193,204],{"class":89},[71,125195,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204,125206],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,125197,128],{"class":127},[71,125199,90],{"class":89},[71,125201,735],{"class":85},[71,125203,90],{"class":89},[71,125205,2569],{"class":133},[71,125207,204],{"class":89},[20,125209,209],{},[62,125211,125213],{"className":64,"code":125212,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125214,125215,125229],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125216,125217,125219,125221,125223,125225,125227],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125218,765],{"class":81},[71,125220,769],{"class":768},[71,125222,231],{"class":99},[71,125224,3775],{"class":103},[71,125226,100],{"class":99},[71,125228,778],{"class":81},[71,125230,125231,125233,125235,125237,125239,125241],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125232,765],{"class":81},[71,125234,769],{"class":768},[71,125236,231],{"class":99},[71,125238,2517],{"class":103},[71,125240,100],{"class":99},[71,125242,778],{"class":81},[20,125244,125245,125246,60],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[56,125247,125248],{"href":51109},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[288,125250,125252],{"id":125251},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125254,125255],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125257,125258],{},"You can use single quotes:",[62,125260,125262],{"className":64,"code":125261,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125263,125264,125277],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125265,125266,125269,125271,125273,125275],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125267,125268],{"class":77},"greeting ",[71,125270,82],{"class":81},[71,125272,231],{"class":99},[71,125274,4177],{"class":103},[71,125276,29820],{"class":99},[71,125278,125279,125281,125283,125286],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125280,128],{"class":127},[71,125282,90],{"class":89},[71,125284,125285],{"class":133},"greeting",[71,125287,121],{"class":89},[20,125289,125290],{},"Or double quotes:",[62,125292,125294],{"className":64,"code":125293,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125295,125296,125308],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125297,125298,125300,125302,125304,125306],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125299,125268],{"class":77},[71,125301,82],{"class":81},[71,125303,3683],{"class":99},[71,125305,4177],{"class":103},[71,125307,3689],{"class":99},[71,125309,125310,125312,125314,125316],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125311,128],{"class":127},[71,125313,90],{"class":89},[71,125315,125285],{"class":133},[71,125317,121],{"class":89},[20,125319,125320],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125322,125323],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[288,125325,125327],{"id":125326},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125329,125330],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125332,125333,125334,3209,125336,228],{},"Use either ",[15,125335,6609],{},[15,125337,4105],{},[62,125339,125341],{"className":64,"code":125340,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125342,125343,125352,125361,125365,125376,125387],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125344,125345,125348,125350],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125346,125347],{"class":77},"empty1 ",[71,125349,82],{"class":81},[71,125351,8220],{"class":99},[71,125353,125354,125357,125359],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125355,125356],{"class":77},"empty2 ",[71,125358,82],{"class":81},[71,125360,47628],{"class":99},[71,125362,125363],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,125364,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,125366,125367,125369,125371,125374],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,125368,128],{"class":127},[71,125370,90],{"class":89},[71,125372,125373],{"class":133},"empty1",[71,125375,121],{"class":89},[71,125377,125378,125380,125382,125385],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,125379,128],{"class":127},[71,125381,90],{"class":89},[71,125383,125384],{"class":133},"empty2",[71,125386,121],{"class":89},[71,125388,125389,125391,125393,125395,125397,125399],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,125390,128],{"class":127},[71,125392,90],{"class":89},[71,125394,735],{"class":85},[71,125396,90],{"class":89},[71,125398,125373],{"class":133},[71,125400,204],{"class":89},[20,125402,209],{},[62,125404,125405],{"className":64,"code":45902,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,125406,125407],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125408,125409,125411,125413,125415,125417,125419],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125410,765],{"class":81},[71,125412,769],{"class":768},[71,125414,231],{"class":99},[71,125416,3775],{"class":103},[71,125418,100],{"class":99},[71,125420,778],{"class":81},[20,125422,125423],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[288,125425,125427],{"id":125426},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125429,125430],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125432,125433],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[62,125435,125437],{"className":64,"code":125436,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125438,125439,125450,125455,125462,125466],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125440,125441,125443,125445,125448],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125442,90145],{"class":77},[71,125444,82],{"class":81},[71,125446,125447],{"class":99}," \"\"\"",[71,125449,89087],{"class":103},[71,125451,125452],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125453,125454],{"class":103},"Welcome to Python\n",[71,125456,125457,125460],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,125458,125459],{"class":103},"Have a nice day",[71,125461,43467],{"class":99},[71,125463,125464],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,125465,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,125467,125468,125470,125472,125474],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,125469,128],{"class":127},[71,125471,90],{"class":89},[71,125473,90162],{"class":133},[71,125475,121],{"class":89},[20,125477,125478],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[62,125480,125482],{"className":64,"code":125481,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125483,125484,125496,125501,125509,125513],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125485,125486,125488,125490,125493],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125487,90145],{"class":77},[71,125489,82],{"class":81},[71,125491,125492],{"class":99}," '''",[71,125494,125495],{"class":103},"Line 1\n",[71,125497,125498],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125499,125500],{"class":103},"Line 2\n",[71,125502,125503,125506],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,125504,125505],{"class":103},"Line 3",[71,125507,125508],{"class":99},"'''\n",[71,125510,125511],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,125512,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,125514,125515,125517,125519,125521],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,125516,128],{"class":127},[71,125518,90],{"class":89},[71,125520,90162],{"class":133},[71,125522,121],{"class":89},[20,125524,125525],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125527,125528],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[288,125530,125532],{"id":125531},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125534,2309,125535,125537],{},[15,125536,47816],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125539,125540],{},"Example with a number:",[62,125542,125544],{"className":64,"code":125543,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125545,125546,125560,125570],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125547,125548,125550,125552,125554,125556,125558],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125549,34811],{"class":77},[71,125551,82],{"class":81},[71,125553,49037],{"class":85},[71,125555,90],{"class":89},[71,125557,46658],{"class":117},[71,125559,121],{"class":89},[71,125561,125562,125564,125566,125568],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125563,128],{"class":127},[71,125565,90],{"class":89},[71,125567,34832],{"class":133},[71,125569,121],{"class":89},[71,125571,125572,125574,125576,125578,125580,125582],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,125573,128],{"class":127},[71,125575,90],{"class":89},[71,125577,735],{"class":85},[71,125579,90],{"class":89},[71,125581,34832],{"class":133},[71,125583,204],{"class":89},[20,125585,209],{},[62,125587,125589],{"className":64,"code":125588,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125590,125591,125595],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125592,125593],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125594,46744],{"class":117},[71,125596,125597,125599,125601,125603,125605,125607],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125598,765],{"class":81},[71,125600,769],{"class":768},[71,125602,231],{"class":99},[71,125604,3775],{"class":103},[71,125606,100],{"class":99},[71,125608,778],{"class":81},[20,125610,125611],{},"You can also convert other values:",[62,125613,125615],{"className":64,"code":125614,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125616,125617,125631],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125618,125619,125621,125623,125625,125627,125629],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125620,128],{"class":127},[71,125622,90],{"class":89},[71,125624,3775],{"class":85},[71,125626,90],{"class":89},[71,125628,3935],{"class":4184},[71,125630,204],{"class":89},[71,125632,125633,125635,125637,125639,125641,125643],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125634,128],{"class":127},[71,125636,90],{"class":89},[71,125638,3775],{"class":85},[71,125640,90],{"class":89},[71,125642,40272],{"class":117},[71,125644,204],{"class":89},[20,125646,125647],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[62,125649,125651],{"className":64,"code":125650,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125652,125653,125661,125683,125687],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125654,125655,125657,125659],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125656,21745],{"class":77},[71,125658,82],{"class":81},[71,125660,45357],{"class":117},[71,125662,125663,125665,125667,125669,125671,125673,125675,125677,125679,125681],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125664,90145],{"class":77},[71,125666,82],{"class":81},[71,125668,3683],{"class":99},[71,125670,89563],{"class":103},[71,125672,3184],{"class":99},[71,125674,2785],{"class":81},[71,125676,49037],{"class":85},[71,125678,90],{"class":89},[71,125680,242],{"class":133},[71,125682,121],{"class":89},[71,125684,125685],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,125686,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,125688,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,125690,128],{"class":127},[71,125692,90],{"class":89},[71,125694,90162],{"class":133},[71,125696,121],{"class":89},[20,125698,125699,125700,3209,125704,60],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[56,125701,13,125702,3841],{"href":42305},[15,125703,47816],{},[56,125705,125706],{"href":123418},"how to convert int to string in Python",[288,125708,125710],{"id":125709},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125712,125713],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125715,125716],{},"Both of these are valid:",[62,125718,125720],{"className":64,"code":125719,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125721,125722,125734],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125723,125724,125726,125728,125730,125732],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125725,2886],{"class":77},[71,125727,82],{"class":81},[71,125729,231],{"class":99},[71,125731,7637],{"class":103},[71,125733,29820],{"class":99},[71,125735,125736,125738,125740,125742,125744],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125737,2913],{"class":77},[71,125739,82],{"class":81},[71,125741,3683],{"class":99},[71,125743,7637],{"class":103},[71,125745,3689],{"class":99},[20,125747,125748],{},"A common rule is:",[40,125750,125751,125754,125757],{},[43,125752,125753],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[43,125755,125756],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[43,125758,125759],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125761,2537],{},[62,125763,125765],{"className":64,"code":125764,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125766,125767,125781,125795,125799,125810],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125768,125769,125772,125774,125776,125779],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125770,125771],{"class":77},"text1 ",[71,125773,82],{"class":81},[71,125775,3683],{"class":99},[71,125777,125778],{"class":103},"It's working",[71,125780,3689],{"class":99},[71,125782,125783,125786,125788,125790,125793],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125784,125785],{"class":77},"text2 ",[71,125787,82],{"class":81},[71,125789,231],{"class":99},[71,125791,125792],{"class":103},"She said \"hello\"",[71,125794,29820],{"class":99},[71,125796,125797],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,125798,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,125800,125801,125803,125805,125808],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,125802,128],{"class":127},[71,125804,90],{"class":89},[71,125806,125807],{"class":133},"text1",[71,125809,121],{"class":89},[71,125811,125812,125814,125816,125819],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,125813,128],{"class":127},[71,125815,90],{"class":89},[71,125817,125818],{"class":133},"text2",[71,125820,121],{"class":89},[20,125822,125823],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[288,125825,125827],{"id":125826},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125829,125830],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125832,125833],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[62,125835,125837],{"className":64,"code":125836,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125838,125839,125844],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125840,125841],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125842,125843],{"class":1439},"# This will cause an error\n",[71,125845,125846],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125847,125848],{"class":1439},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125850,125851,125852,35454,125854,125857],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125853,100],{},[15,125855,125856],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125859,125860],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[62,125862,125864],{"className":64,"code":125863,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125865,125866,125885],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125867,125868,125870,125872,125874,125877,125880,125883],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125869,34811],{"class":77},[71,125871,82],{"class":81},[71,125873,231],{"class":99},[71,125875,125876],{"class":103},"It",[71,125878,125879],{"class":34576},"\\'",[71,125881,125882],{"class":103},"s working",[71,125884,29820],{"class":99},[71,125886,125887,125889,125891,125893],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125888,128],{"class":127},[71,125890,90],{"class":89},[71,125892,34832],{"class":133},[71,125894,121],{"class":89},[20,125896,125897],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[62,125899,125901],{"className":64,"code":125900,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125902,125903,125915],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125904,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125906,34811],{"class":77},[71,125908,82],{"class":81},[71,125910,3683],{"class":99},[71,125912,125778],{"class":103},[71,125914,3689],{"class":99},[71,125916,125917,125919,125921,125923],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125918,128],{"class":127},[71,125920,90],{"class":89},[71,125922,34832],{"class":133},[71,125924,121],{"class":89},[20,125926,125927],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125929,125930,125931,60],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[56,125932,125934],{"href":125933},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[288,125936,2054],{"id":2053},[20,125938,125939],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[350,125941,90352],{"id":90351},[20,125943,125944],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[62,125946,125948],{"className":64,"code":125947,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125949,125950,125954],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125951,125952],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125953,125843],{"class":1439},[71,125955,125956],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125957,125958],{"class":1439},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125960,125961,125962,8943,125965,125967],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125963,125964],{},"NameError",[15,125966,104],{}," is not defined.",[20,125969,1781],{},[62,125971,125973],{"className":64,"code":125972,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125974,125975,125987],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,125976,125977,125979,125981,125983,125985],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,125978,8215],{"class":77},[71,125980,82],{"class":81},[71,125982,3683],{"class":99},[71,125984,104],{"class":103},[71,125986,3689],{"class":99},[71,125988,125989,125991,125993,125995],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,125990,128],{"class":127},[71,125992,90],{"class":89},[71,125994,94],{"class":133},[71,125996,121],{"class":89},[350,125998,126000],{"id":125999},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126002,126003],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[62,126005,126007],{"className":64,"code":126006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126008,126009,126013],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126010,126011],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126012,125843],{"class":1439},[71,126014,126015],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126016,126017],{"class":1439},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126019,126020],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[62,126022,126024],{"className":64,"code":126023,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126025,126026,126043,126056,126060,126070],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126027,126028,126030,126032,126034,126036,126038,126041],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126029,125771],{"class":77},[71,126031,82],{"class":81},[71,126033,231],{"class":99},[71,126035,125876],{"class":103},[71,126037,125879],{"class":34576},[71,126039,126040],{"class":103},"s good",[71,126042,29820],{"class":99},[71,126044,126045,126047,126049,126051,126054],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126046,125785],{"class":77},[71,126048,82],{"class":81},[71,126050,3683],{"class":99},[71,126052,126053],{"class":103},"It's good",[71,126055,3689],{"class":99},[71,126057,126058],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,126059,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,126061,126062,126064,126066,126068],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,126063,128],{"class":127},[71,126065,90],{"class":89},[71,126067,125807],{"class":133},[71,126069,121],{"class":89},[71,126071,126072,126074,126076,126078],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,126073,128],{"class":127},[71,126075,90],{"class":89},[71,126077,125818],{"class":133},[71,126079,121],{"class":89},[350,126081,126083],{"id":126082},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126085,126086],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[62,126088,126090],{"className":64,"code":126089,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126091,126092,126104],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126093,126094,126096,126098,126100,126102],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126095,34811],{"class":77},[71,126097,82],{"class":81},[71,126099,125447],{"class":99},[71,126101,4177],{"class":103},[71,126103,43467],{"class":99},[71,126105,126106,126108,126110,126112],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126107,128],{"class":127},[71,126109,90],{"class":89},[71,126111,34832],{"class":133},[71,126113,121],{"class":89},[20,126115,126116],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[62,126118,126120],{"className":64,"code":126119,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126121,126122,126134],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126123,126124,126126,126128,126130,126132],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126125,34811],{"class":77},[71,126127,82],{"class":81},[71,126129,3683],{"class":99},[71,126131,4177],{"class":103},[71,126133,3689],{"class":99},[71,126135,126136,126138,126140,126142],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126137,128],{"class":127},[71,126139,90],{"class":89},[71,126141,34832],{"class":133},[71,126143,121],{"class":89},[350,126145,4915,126147,1560,126149,126151],{"id":126146},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126148,50379],{},[15,126150,50429],{}," are the same type",[20,126153,126154],{},"They are different:",[62,126156,126158],{"className":64,"code":126157,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126159,126160,126169,126182,126186,126200],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126161,126162,126165,126167],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126163,126164],{"class":77},"value1 ",[71,126166,82],{"class":81},[71,126168,125175],{"class":117},[71,126170,126171,126174,126176,126178,126180],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126172,126173],{"class":77},"value2 ",[71,126175,82],{"class":81},[71,126177,3683],{"class":99},[71,126179,50379],{"class":103},[71,126181,3689],{"class":99},[71,126183,126184],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,126185,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,126187,126188,126190,126192,126194,126196,126198],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,126189,128],{"class":127},[71,126191,90],{"class":89},[71,126193,735],{"class":85},[71,126195,90],{"class":89},[71,126197,84908],{"class":133},[71,126199,204],{"class":89},[71,126201,126202,126204,126206,126208,126210,126213],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,126203,128],{"class":127},[71,126205,90],{"class":89},[71,126207,735],{"class":85},[71,126209,90],{"class":89},[71,126211,126212],{"class":133},"value2",[71,126214,204],{"class":89},[20,126216,209],{},[62,126218,126220],{"className":64,"code":126219,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126221,126222,126236],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126223,126224,126226,126228,126230,126232,126234],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126225,765],{"class":81},[71,126227,769],{"class":768},[71,126229,231],{"class":99},[71,126231,2517],{"class":103},[71,126233,100],{"class":99},[71,126235,778],{"class":81},[71,126237,126238,126240,126242,126244,126246,126248],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126239,765],{"class":81},[71,126241,769],{"class":768},[71,126243,231],{"class":99},[71,126245,3775],{"class":103},[71,126247,100],{"class":99},[71,126249,778],{"class":81},[350,126251,126253],{"id":126252},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126255,126256],{},"This causes a type error:",[62,126258,126260],{"className":64,"code":126259,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126261,126262,126266,126271],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126263,126264],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126265,125843],{"class":1439},[71,126267,126268],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126269,126270],{"class":1439},"# age = 10\n",[71,126272,126273],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,126274,126275],{"class":1439},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126277,126278,126279,228],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126280,47816],{},[62,126282,126284],{"className":64,"code":126283,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126285,126286,126294,126316,126320],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126287,126288,126290,126292],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126289,21745],{"class":77},[71,126291,82],{"class":81},[71,126293,2918],{"class":117},[71,126295,126296,126298,126300,126302,126304,126306,126308,126310,126312,126314],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126297,90145],{"class":77},[71,126299,82],{"class":81},[71,126301,3683],{"class":99},[71,126303,89563],{"class":103},[71,126305,3184],{"class":99},[71,126307,2785],{"class":81},[71,126309,49037],{"class":85},[71,126311,90],{"class":89},[71,126313,242],{"class":133},[71,126315,121],{"class":89},[71,126317,126318],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,126319,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,126321,126322,126324,126326,126328],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,126323,128],{"class":127},[71,126325,90],{"class":89},[71,126327,90162],{"class":133},[71,126329,121],{"class":89},[20,126331,126332,126333,60],{},"For this specific error, see ",[56,126334,90544],{"href":90543},[350,126336,60847],{"id":60846},[20,126338,126339],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[62,126341,126343],{"className":64,"code":126342,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126344,126345,126357,126361,126371,126385],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126346,126347,126349,126351,126353,126355],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126348,34811],{"class":77},[71,126350,82],{"class":81},[71,126352,3683],{"class":99},[71,126354,4177],{"class":103},[71,126356,3689],{"class":99},[71,126358,126359],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126360,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,126362,126363,126365,126367,126369],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,126364,128],{"class":127},[71,126366,90],{"class":89},[71,126368,34832],{"class":133},[71,126370,121],{"class":89},[71,126372,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381,126383],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,126374,128],{"class":127},[71,126376,90],{"class":89},[71,126378,735],{"class":85},[71,126380,90],{"class":89},[71,126382,34832],{"class":133},[71,126384,204],{"class":89},[71,126386,126387,126389,126391,126393,126395,126397],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,126388,128],{"class":127},[71,126390,90],{"class":89},[71,126392,41909],{"class":127},[71,126394,90],{"class":89},[71,126396,34832],{"class":133},[71,126398,204],{"class":89},[40,126400,126401,126406,126411],{},[43,126402,126403,46410],{},[15,126404,126405],{},"print(text)",[43,126407,126408,46415],{},[15,126409,126410],{},"print(type(text))",[43,126412,126413,126416],{},[15,126414,126415],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[288,126418,2163],{"id":2162},[350,126420,126422],{"id":126421},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126424,126425,126426,3209,126429,60],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126427,126428],{},"'hello'",[15,126430,64672],{},[350,126432,126434],{"id":126433},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126436,126437],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[350,126439,126441],{"id":126440},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126443,283,126444,3209,126446,60],{},[15,126445,6609],{},[15,126447,4105],{},[350,126449,126451],{"id":126450},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126453,283,126454,126456,126457,126459,126460,60],{},[15,126455,47816],{},", like ",[15,126458,80518],{},", which returns ",[15,126461,42256],{},[350,126463,126465],{"id":126464},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126467,126468],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[288,126470,2221],{"id":2220},[40,126472,126473,126477,126483,126488,126497,126501],{},[43,126474,126475],{},[56,126476,125248],{"href":51109},[43,126478,126479],{},[56,126480,13,126481,3841],{"href":42305},[15,126482,47816],{},[43,126484,126485],{},[56,126486,126487],{"href":123418},"How to convert int to string in Python",[43,126489,126490],{},[56,126491,126493,126494,1709],{"href":126492},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126495,126496],{},"format()",[43,126498,126499],{},[56,126500,125934],{"href":125933},[43,126502,126503],{},[56,126504,90544],{"href":90543},[2250,126506,126507],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":126509},[126510,126511,126512,126513,126514,126515,126516,126517,126518,126527,126534],{"id":15274,"depth":124,"text":15275},{"id":125087,"depth":124,"text":125088},{"id":125251,"depth":124,"text":125252},{"id":125326,"depth":124,"text":125327},{"id":125426,"depth":124,"text":125427},{"id":125531,"depth":124,"text":125532},{"id":125709,"depth":124,"text":125710},{"id":125826,"depth":124,"text":125827},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":126519},[126520,126521,126522,126523,126525,126526],{"id":90351,"depth":139,"text":90352},{"id":125999,"depth":139,"text":126000},{"id":126082,"depth":139,"text":126083},{"id":126146,"depth":139,"text":126524},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126252,"depth":139,"text":126253},{"id":60846,"depth":139,"text":60847},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":126528},[126529,126530,126531,126532,126533],{"id":126421,"depth":139,"text":126422},{"id":126433,"depth":139,"text":126434},{"id":126440,"depth":139,"text":126441},{"id":126450,"depth":139,"text":126451},{"id":126464,"depth":139,"text":126465},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124949,"description":126535},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126542,"title":126543,"body":126544,"description":128458,"extension":2292,"meta":128459,"navigation":142,"path":128460,"seo":128461,"stem":128462,"__hash__":128463},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126545,"toc":128419},[126546,126552,126557,126565,126567,126634,126636,126648,126657,126662,126666,126683,126685,126750,126752,126764,126769,126771,126799,126820,126823,126862,126864,126872,126876,126880,126884,126892,126895,126936,126938,126946,126949,127006,127008,127016,127020,127025,127069,127071,127079,127088,127092,127097,127145,127147,127155,127161,127163,127167,127179,127184,127263,127265,127285,127289,127293,127333,127335,127343,127347,127390,127392,127400,127404,127444,127446,127454,127458,127514,127516,127524,127530,127532,127536,127546,127613,127615,127628,127635,127678,127680,127688,127692,127695,127751,127753,127761,127764,127766,127843,127845,127853,127862,127864,127868,127872,127874,127896,127899,127946,127950,127989,127991,127999,128001,128043,128050,128055,128117,128119,128131,128137,128142,128191,128193,128212,128218,128220,128239,128241,128332,128334,128340,128347,128353,128359,128364,128373,128380,128388,128390,128416],[10,126547,123493,126549,11428],{"id":126548},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126550,126551],{},"endswith()",[20,126553,123498,126554,126556],{},[15,126555,126551],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126558,126559,126560,3209,126562,126564],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126561,3935],{},[15,126563,4006],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[288,126566,2334],{"id":2333},[62,126568,126570],{"className":64,"code":126569,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126571,126572,126586,126611],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126573,126574,126577,126579,126581,126584],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126575,126576],{"class":77},"filename ",[71,126578,82],{"class":81},[71,126580,3683],{"class":99},[71,126582,126583],{"class":103},"report.csv",[71,126585,3689],{"class":99},[71,126587,126588,126590,126592,126595,126597,126600,126602,126604,126607,126609],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126589,128],{"class":127},[71,126591,90],{"class":89},[71,126593,126594],{"class":133},"filename",[71,126596,60],{"class":89},[71,126598,126599],{"class":133},"endswith",[71,126601,90],{"class":89},[71,126603,3184],{"class":99},[71,126605,126606],{"class":103},".csv",[71,126608,3184],{"class":99},[71,126610,204],{"class":89},[71,126612,126613,126615,126617,126619,126621,126623,126625,126627,126630,126632],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,126614,128],{"class":127},[71,126616,90],{"class":89},[71,126618,126594],{"class":133},[71,126620,60],{"class":89},[71,126622,126599],{"class":133},[71,126624,90],{"class":89},[71,126626,3184],{"class":99},[71,126628,126629],{"class":103},".txt",[71,126631,3184],{"class":99},[71,126633,204],{"class":89},[20,126635,209],{},[62,126637,126638],{"className":64,"code":44305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,126639,126640,126644],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126641,126642],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126643,4314],{"class":4184},[71,126645,126646],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126647,4375],{"class":4184},[20,126649,283,126650,5705,126652,3209,126654,126656],{},[15,126651,126551],{},[15,126653,3935],{},[15,126655,4006],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[288,126658,291,126660,294],{"id":126659},"what-endswith-does",[15,126661,126551],{},[20,126663,126664,228],{},[15,126665,126551],{},[40,126667,126668,126671,126677,126680],{},[43,126669,126670],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[43,126672,11530,126673,3209,126675],{},[15,126674,3935],{},[15,126676,4006],{},[43,126678,126679],{},"Does not change the original string",[43,126681,126682],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126684,2537],{},[62,126686,126688],{"className":64,"code":126687,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126689,126690,126702,126706,126728],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126691,126692,126694,126696,126698,126700],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126693,34811],{"class":77},[71,126695,82],{"class":81},[71,126697,3683],{"class":99},[71,126699,60543],{"class":103},[71,126701,3689],{"class":99},[71,126703,126704],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126705,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,126707,126708,126710,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,126709,128],{"class":127},[71,126711,90],{"class":89},[71,126713,34832],{"class":133},[71,126715,60],{"class":89},[71,126717,126599],{"class":133},[71,126719,90],{"class":89},[71,126721,3184],{"class":99},[71,126723,60728],{"class":103},[71,126725,3184],{"class":99},[71,126727,204],{"class":89},[71,126729,126730,126732,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,126731,128],{"class":127},[71,126733,90],{"class":89},[71,126735,34832],{"class":133},[71,126737,60],{"class":89},[71,126739,126599],{"class":133},[71,126741,90],{"class":89},[71,126743,3184],{"class":99},[71,126745,4177],{"class":103},[71,126747,3184],{"class":99},[71,126749,204],{"class":89},[20,126751,209],{},[62,126753,126754],{"className":64,"code":44305,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,126755,126756,126760],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126757,126758],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126759,4314],{"class":4184},[71,126761,126762],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126763,4375],{"class":4184},[20,126765,126766,126767,60],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[56,126768,125248],{"href":51109},[288,126770,343],{"id":342},[62,126772,126774],{"className":64,"code":126773,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126775,126776],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126777,126778,126780,126782,126784,126786,126789,126791,126793,126795,126797],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126779,61311],{"class":77},[71,126781,60],{"class":89},[71,126783,126599],{"class":133},[71,126785,90],{"class":89},[71,126787,126788],{"class":133},"suffix",[71,126790,109],{"class":89},[71,126792,36177],{"class":133},[71,126794,109],{"class":89},[71,126796,65178],{"class":133},[71,126798,121],{"class":89},[40,126800,126801,126806,126813],{},[43,126802,126803,126805],{},[15,126804,126788],{}," is required",[43,126807,126808,1560,126810,126812],{},[15,126809,36198],{},[15,126811,52795],{}," are optional",[43,126814,126815,1560,126817,126819],{},[15,126816,36198],{},[15,126818,52795],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126821,126822],{},"Basic example:",[62,126824,126826],{"className":64,"code":126825,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126827,126828,126840],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126829,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126831,126576],{"class":77},[71,126833,82],{"class":81},[71,126835,3683],{"class":99},[71,126837,87033],{"class":103},[71,126839,3689],{"class":99},[71,126841,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126843,128],{"class":127},[71,126845,90],{"class":89},[71,126847,126594],{"class":133},[71,126849,60],{"class":89},[71,126851,126599],{"class":133},[71,126853,90],{"class":89},[71,126855,3184],{"class":99},[71,126857,126629],{"class":103},[71,126859,3184],{"class":99},[71,126861,204],{"class":89},[20,126863,209],{},[62,126865,126866],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,126867,126868],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126869,126870],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126871,4314],{"class":4184},[288,126873,126875],{"id":126874},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[350,126877,126878],{"id":126788},[15,126879,126788],{},[20,126881,126882,30871],{},[15,126883,126788],{},[40,126885,126886,126889],{},[43,126887,126888],{},"A single string",[43,126890,126891],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126893,126894],{},"Single suffix:",[62,126896,126898],{"className":64,"code":126897,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126899,126900,126913],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126901,126902,126904,126906,126908,126911],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126903,8215],{"class":77},[71,126905,82],{"class":81},[71,126907,3683],{"class":99},[71,126909,126910],{"class":103},"image.png",[71,126912,3689],{"class":99},[71,126914,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923,126925,126927,126929,126932,126934],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126916,128],{"class":127},[71,126918,90],{"class":89},[71,126920,94],{"class":133},[71,126922,60],{"class":89},[71,126924,126599],{"class":133},[71,126926,90],{"class":89},[71,126928,3184],{"class":99},[71,126930,126931],{"class":103},".png",[71,126933,3184],{"class":99},[71,126935,204],{"class":89},[20,126937,209],{},[62,126939,126940],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,126941,126942],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126943,126944],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126945,4314],{"class":4184},[20,126947,126948],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[62,126950,126952],{"className":64,"code":126951,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126953,126954,126966],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,126955,126956,126958,126960,126962,126964],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,126957,8215],{"class":77},[71,126959,82],{"class":81},[71,126961,3683],{"class":99},[71,126963,126910],{"class":103},[71,126965,3689],{"class":99},[71,126967,126968,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127002,127004],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,126969,128],{"class":127},[71,126971,90],{"class":89},[71,126973,94],{"class":133},[71,126975,60],{"class":89},[71,126977,126599],{"class":133},[71,126979,5846],{"class":89},[71,126981,3184],{"class":99},[71,126983,126984],{"class":103},".jpg",[71,126986,3184],{"class":99},[71,126988,109],{"class":89},[71,126990,3683],{"class":99},[71,126992,126931],{"class":103},[71,126994,3184],{"class":99},[71,126996,109],{"class":89},[71,126998,3683],{"class":99},[71,127000,127001],{"class":103},".gif",[71,127003,3184],{"class":99},[71,127005,3243],{"class":89},[20,127007,209],{},[62,127009,127010],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127011,127012],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127013,127014],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127015,4314],{"class":4184},[350,127017,127018],{"id":36198},[15,127019,36198],{},[20,127021,127022,127024],{},[15,127023,36198],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[62,127026,127028],{"className":64,"code":127027,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127029,127030,127043],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127031,127032,127034,127036,127038,127041],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127033,34811],{"class":77},[71,127035,82],{"class":81},[71,127037,3683],{"class":99},[71,127039,127040],{"class":103},"my_report.csv",[71,127042,3689],{"class":99},[71,127044,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127046,128],{"class":127},[71,127048,90],{"class":89},[71,127050,34832],{"class":133},[71,127052,60],{"class":89},[71,127054,126599],{"class":133},[71,127056,90],{"class":89},[71,127058,3184],{"class":99},[71,127060,126606],{"class":103},[71,127062,3184],{"class":99},[71,127064,109],{"class":89},[71,127066,701],{"class":117},[71,127068,204],{"class":89},[20,127070,209],{},[62,127072,127073],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127074,127075],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127076,127077],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127078,4314],{"class":4184},[20,127080,127081,127082,127084,127085,60],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127083,640],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127086,127087],{},"\"report.csv\"",[350,127089,127090],{"id":52795},[15,127091,52795],{},[20,127093,127094,127096],{},[15,127095,52795],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[62,127098,127100],{"className":64,"code":127099,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127101,127102,127115],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127103,127104,127106,127108,127110,127113],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127105,34811],{"class":77},[71,127107,82],{"class":81},[71,127109,3683],{"class":99},[71,127111,127112],{"class":103},"report.csv backup",[71,127114,3689],{"class":99},[71,127116,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141,127143],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127118,128],{"class":127},[71,127120,90],{"class":89},[71,127122,34832],{"class":133},[71,127124,60],{"class":89},[71,127126,126599],{"class":133},[71,127128,90],{"class":89},[71,127130,3184],{"class":99},[71,127132,126606],{"class":103},[71,127134,3184],{"class":99},[71,127136,109],{"class":89},[71,127138,4165],{"class":117},[71,127140,109],{"class":89},[71,127142,6341],{"class":117},[71,127144,204],{"class":89},[20,127146,209],{},[62,127148,127149],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127150,127151],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127152,127153],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127154,4314],{"class":4184},[20,127156,127157,127158,127160],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127159,127087],{}," and ignores the rest.",[288,127162,17533],{"id":17532},[20,127164,127165,25627],{},[15,127166,126551],{},[40,127168,127169,127174],{},[43,127170,127171,127173],{},[15,127172,3935],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[43,127175,127176,127178],{},[15,127177,4006],{}," if it does not",[20,127180,127181,127182,7512],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127183,7337],{},[62,127185,127187],{"className":64,"code":127186,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127188,127189,127202,127206,127227,127242,127248],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127190,127191,127193,127195,127197,127200],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127192,126576],{"class":77},[71,127194,82],{"class":81},[71,127196,3683],{"class":99},[71,127198,127199],{"class":103},"data.csv",[71,127201,3689],{"class":99},[71,127203,127204],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127205,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,127207,127208,127210,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,127209,7337],{"class":4209},[71,127211,127212],{"class":77}," filename",[71,127214,60],{"class":89},[71,127216,126599],{"class":133},[71,127218,90],{"class":89},[71,127220,3184],{"class":99},[71,127222,126606],{"class":103},[71,127224,3184],{"class":99},[71,127226,8682],{"class":89},[71,127228,127229,127231,127233,127235,127238,127240],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,127230,8408],{"class":127},[71,127232,90],{"class":89},[71,127234,3184],{"class":99},[71,127236,127237],{"class":103},"This is a CSV file.",[71,127239,3184],{"class":99},[71,127241,121],{"class":89},[71,127243,127244,127246],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,127245,27553],{"class":4209},[71,127247,6731],{"class":89},[71,127249,127250,127252,127254,127256,127259,127261],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,127251,8408],{"class":127},[71,127253,90],{"class":89},[71,127255,3184],{"class":99},[71,127257,127258],{"class":103},"This is not a CSV file.",[71,127260,3184],{"class":99},[71,127262,121],{"class":89},[20,127264,209],{},[62,127266,127268],{"className":64,"code":127267,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127269,127270],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127271,127272,127274,127276,127278,127281,127283],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127273,50012],{"class":77},[71,127275,12302],{"class":81},[71,127277,44676],{"class":77},[71,127279,127280],{"class":34576},"CSV",[71,127282,86774],{"class":86773},[71,127284,122525],{"class":89},[288,127286,127288],{"id":127287},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[350,127290,127292],{"id":127291},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[62,127294,127296],{"className":64,"code":127295,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127297,127298,127311],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127299,127300,127302,127304,127306,127309],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127301,126576],{"class":77},[71,127303,82],{"class":81},[71,127305,3683],{"class":99},[71,127307,127308],{"class":103},"sales.csv",[71,127310,3689],{"class":99},[71,127312,127313,127315,127317,127319,127321,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127314,128],{"class":127},[71,127316,90],{"class":89},[71,127318,126594],{"class":133},[71,127320,60],{"class":89},[71,127322,126599],{"class":133},[71,127324,90],{"class":89},[71,127326,3184],{"class":99},[71,127328,126606],{"class":103},[71,127330,3184],{"class":99},[71,127332,204],{"class":89},[20,127334,209],{},[62,127336,127337],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127338,127339],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127340,127341],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127342,4314],{"class":4184},[350,127344,127346],{"id":127345},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[62,127348,127350],{"className":64,"code":127349,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127351,127352,127366],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127353,127354,127357,127359,127361,127364],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127355,127356],{"class":77},"url ",[71,127358,82],{"class":81},[71,127360,3683],{"class":99},[71,127362,127363],{"class":103},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[71,127365,3689],{"class":99},[71,127367,127368,127370,127372,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127386,127388],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127369,128],{"class":127},[71,127371,90],{"class":89},[71,127373,127374],{"class":133},"url",[71,127376,60],{"class":89},[71,127378,126599],{"class":133},[71,127380,90],{"class":89},[71,127382,3184],{"class":99},[71,127384,127385],{"class":103},"\u002F",[71,127387,3184],{"class":99},[71,127389,204],{"class":89},[20,127391,209],{},[62,127393,127394],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127395,127396],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127397,127398],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127399,4314],{"class":4184},[350,127401,127403],{"id":127402},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[62,127405,127407],{"className":64,"code":127406,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127408,127409,127422],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127410,127411,127413,127415,127417,127420],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127412,90145],{"class":77},[71,127414,82],{"class":81},[71,127416,3683],{"class":99},[71,127418,127419],{"class":103},"Hello!",[71,127421,3689],{"class":99},[71,127423,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127442],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127425,128],{"class":127},[71,127427,90],{"class":89},[71,127429,90162],{"class":133},[71,127431,60],{"class":89},[71,127433,126599],{"class":133},[71,127435,90],{"class":89},[71,127437,3184],{"class":99},[71,127439,89986],{"class":103},[71,127441,3184],{"class":99},[71,127443,204],{"class":89},[20,127445,209],{},[62,127447,127448],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127449,127450],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127451,127452],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127453,4314],{"class":4184},[350,127455,127457],{"id":127456},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[62,127459,127461],{"className":64,"code":127460,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127462,127463,127476],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127464,127465,127467,127469,127471,127474],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127466,126576],{"class":77},[71,127468,82],{"class":81},[71,127470,3683],{"class":99},[71,127472,127473],{"class":103},"photo.jpg",[71,127475,3689],{"class":99},[71,127477,127478,127480,127482,127484,127486,127488,127490,127492,127494,127496,127498,127500,127502,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127479,128],{"class":127},[71,127481,90],{"class":89},[71,127483,126594],{"class":133},[71,127485,60],{"class":89},[71,127487,126599],{"class":133},[71,127489,5846],{"class":89},[71,127491,3184],{"class":99},[71,127493,126984],{"class":103},[71,127495,3184],{"class":99},[71,127497,109],{"class":89},[71,127499,3683],{"class":99},[71,127501,126931],{"class":103},[71,127503,3184],{"class":99},[71,127505,109],{"class":89},[71,127507,3683],{"class":99},[71,127509,127001],{"class":103},[71,127511,3184],{"class":99},[71,127513,3243],{"class":89},[20,127515,209],{},[62,127517,127518],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127519,127520],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127521,127522],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127523,4314],{"class":4184},[20,127525,127526,127527,60],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[56,127528,127529],{"href":123748},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[288,127531,124140],{"id":124139},[20,127533,127534,123951],{},[15,127535,126551],{},[20,127537,127538,127539,1560,127542,127545],{},"That means ",[15,127540,127541],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127543,127544],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[62,127547,127549],{"className":64,"code":127548,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127550,127551,127564,127568,127590],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127552,127553,127555,127557,127559,127562],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127554,126576],{"class":77},[71,127556,82],{"class":81},[71,127558,3683],{"class":99},[71,127560,127561],{"class":103},"REPORT.CSV",[71,127563,3689],{"class":99},[71,127565,127566],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127567,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,127569,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,127571,128],{"class":127},[71,127573,90],{"class":89},[71,127575,126594],{"class":133},[71,127577,60],{"class":89},[71,127579,126599],{"class":133},[71,127581,90],{"class":89},[71,127583,3184],{"class":99},[71,127585,126606],{"class":103},[71,127587,3184],{"class":99},[71,127589,204],{"class":89},[71,127591,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127609,127611],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,127593,128],{"class":127},[71,127595,90],{"class":89},[71,127597,126594],{"class":133},[71,127599,60],{"class":89},[71,127601,126599],{"class":133},[71,127603,90],{"class":89},[71,127605,3184],{"class":99},[71,127607,127608],{"class":103},".CSV",[71,127610,3184],{"class":99},[71,127612,204],{"class":89},[20,127614,209],{},[62,127616,127618],{"className":64,"code":127617,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127619,127620,127624],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127621,127622],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127623,4375],{"class":4184},[71,127625,127626],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127627,4314],{"class":4184},[20,127629,127630,127631,60],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[56,127632,127633],{"href":124220},[15,127634,124223],{},[62,127636,127638],{"className":64,"code":127637,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127639,127640,127652],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127641,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127643,126576],{"class":77},[71,127645,82],{"class":81},[71,127647,3683],{"class":99},[71,127649,127561],{"class":103},[71,127651,3689],{"class":99},[71,127653,127654,127656,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127655,128],{"class":127},[71,127657,90],{"class":89},[71,127659,126594],{"class":133},[71,127661,60],{"class":89},[71,127663,8982],{"class":133},[71,127665,8979],{"class":89},[71,127667,126599],{"class":133},[71,127669,90],{"class":89},[71,127671,3184],{"class":99},[71,127673,126606],{"class":103},[71,127675,3184],{"class":99},[71,127677,204],{"class":89},[20,127679,209],{},[62,127681,127682],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127683,127684],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127685,127686],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127687,4314],{"class":4184},[288,127689,127691],{"id":127690},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127693,127694],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[62,127696,127698],{"className":64,"code":127697,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127699,127700,127713],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127701,127702,127704,127706,127708,127711],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127703,126576],{"class":77},[71,127705,82],{"class":81},[71,127707,3683],{"class":99},[71,127709,127710],{"class":103},"picture.gif",[71,127712,3689],{"class":99},[71,127714,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127716,128],{"class":127},[71,127718,90],{"class":89},[71,127720,126594],{"class":133},[71,127722,60],{"class":89},[71,127724,126599],{"class":133},[71,127726,5846],{"class":89},[71,127728,3184],{"class":99},[71,127730,126984],{"class":103},[71,127732,3184],{"class":99},[71,127734,109],{"class":89},[71,127736,3683],{"class":99},[71,127738,126931],{"class":103},[71,127740,3184],{"class":99},[71,127742,109],{"class":89},[71,127744,3683],{"class":99},[71,127746,127001],{"class":103},[71,127748,3184],{"class":99},[71,127750,3243],{"class":89},[20,127752,209],{},[62,127754,127755],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127756,127757],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127758,127759],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127760,4314],{"class":4184},[20,127762,127763],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127765,52214],{},[62,127767,127769],{"className":64,"code":127768,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127770,127771,127784,127819,127823],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127772,127773,127776,127778,127780,127782],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127774,127775],{"class":77},"document ",[71,127777,82],{"class":81},[71,127779,3683],{"class":99},[71,127781,87033],{"class":103},[71,127783,3689],{"class":99},[71,127785,127786,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127806,127808,127810,127812,127815,127817],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127787,127788],{"class":77},"allowed ",[71,127790,82],{"class":81},[71,127792,171],{"class":89},[71,127794,3184],{"class":99},[71,127796,126629],{"class":103},[71,127798,3184],{"class":99},[71,127800,109],{"class":89},[71,127802,3683],{"class":99},[71,127804,127805],{"class":103},".md",[71,127807,3184],{"class":99},[71,127809,109],{"class":89},[71,127811,3683],{"class":99},[71,127813,127814],{"class":103},".docx",[71,127816,3184],{"class":99},[71,127818,121],{"class":89},[71,127820,127821],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,127822,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,127824,127825,127827,127829,127832,127834,127836,127838,127841],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,127826,128],{"class":127},[71,127828,90],{"class":89},[71,127830,127831],{"class":133},"document",[71,127833,60],{"class":89},[71,127835,126599],{"class":133},[71,127837,90],{"class":89},[71,127839,127840],{"class":133},"allowed",[71,127842,204],{"class":89},[20,127844,209],{},[62,127846,127847],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127848,127849],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127850,127851],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127852,4314],{"class":4184},[20,127854,127855,127856,60],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[56,127857,126493,127859,1709],{"href":127858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127860,127861],{},"startswith()",[288,127863,2054],{"id":2053},[20,127865,8788,127866,60],{},[15,127867,126551],{},[350,127869,127871],{"id":127870},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127873,1725],{},[62,127875,127877],{"className":64,"code":127876,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127878,127879,127891],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127880,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127882,126576],{"class":77},[71,127884,82],{"class":81},[71,127886,3683],{"class":99},[71,127888,127473],{"class":103},[71,127890,3689],{"class":99},[71,127892,127893],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127894,127895],{"class":1439},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127897,127898],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[62,127900,127902],{"className":64,"code":127901,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127903,127904,127916],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127905,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127907,126576],{"class":77},[71,127909,82],{"class":81},[71,127911,3683],{"class":99},[71,127913,127473],{"class":103},[71,127915,3689],{"class":99},[71,127917,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127919,128],{"class":127},[71,127921,90],{"class":89},[71,127923,126594],{"class":133},[71,127925,60],{"class":89},[71,127927,126599],{"class":133},[71,127929,5846],{"class":89},[71,127931,3184],{"class":99},[71,127933,126984],{"class":103},[71,127935,3184],{"class":99},[71,127937,109],{"class":89},[71,127939,3683],{"class":99},[71,127941,126931],{"class":103},[71,127943,3184],{"class":99},[71,127945,3243],{"class":89},[350,127947,127949],{"id":127948},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[62,127951,127953],{"className":64,"code":127952,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127954,127955,127967],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127956,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127958,126576],{"class":77},[71,127960,82],{"class":81},[71,127962,3683],{"class":99},[71,127964,127561],{"class":103},[71,127966,3689],{"class":99},[71,127968,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983,127985,127987],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,127970,128],{"class":127},[71,127972,90],{"class":89},[71,127974,126594],{"class":133},[71,127976,60],{"class":89},[71,127978,126599],{"class":133},[71,127980,90],{"class":89},[71,127982,3184],{"class":99},[71,127984,126606],{"class":103},[71,127986,3184],{"class":99},[71,127988,204],{"class":89},[20,127990,209],{},[62,127992,127993],{"className":64,"code":4375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,127994,127995],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,127996,127997],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,127998,4375],{"class":4184},[20,128000,39390],{},[62,128002,128003],{"className":64,"code":127637,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,128004,128005,128017],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128006,128007,128009,128011,128013,128015],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128008,126576],{"class":77},[71,128010,82],{"class":81},[71,128012,3683],{"class":99},[71,128014,127561],{"class":103},[71,128016,3689],{"class":99},[71,128018,128019,128021,128023,128025,128027,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128020,128],{"class":127},[71,128022,90],{"class":89},[71,128024,126594],{"class":133},[71,128026,60],{"class":89},[71,128028,8982],{"class":133},[71,128030,8979],{"class":89},[71,128032,126599],{"class":133},[71,128034,90],{"class":89},[71,128036,3184],{"class":99},[71,128038,126606],{"class":103},[71,128040,3184],{"class":99},[71,128042,204],{"class":89},[350,128044,37331,128046,9046,128048],{"id":128045},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128047,126551],{},[15,128049,4216],{},[20,128051,128052,128054],{},[15,128053,126551],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[62,128056,128058],{"className":64,"code":128057,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128059,128060,128073,128077,128099],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128061,128062,128064,128066,128068,128071],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128063,34811],{"class":77},[71,128065,82],{"class":81},[71,128067,3683],{"class":99},[71,128069,128070],{"class":103},"my_report.csv.backup",[71,128072,3689],{"class":99},[71,128074,128075],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128076,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,128078,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,128080,128],{"class":127},[71,128082,90],{"class":89},[71,128084,34832],{"class":133},[71,128086,60],{"class":89},[71,128088,126599],{"class":133},[71,128090,90],{"class":89},[71,128092,3184],{"class":99},[71,128094,126606],{"class":103},[71,128096,3184],{"class":99},[71,128098,204],{"class":89},[71,128100,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113,128115],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,128102,128],{"class":127},[71,128104,90],{"class":89},[71,128106,3184],{"class":99},[71,128108,126606],{"class":103},[71,128110,3184],{"class":99},[71,128112,21290],{"class":4209},[71,128114,42972],{"class":133},[71,128116,121],{"class":89},[20,128118,209],{},[62,128120,128121],{"className":64,"code":127617,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,128122,128123,128127],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128124,128125],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128126,4375],{"class":4184},[71,128128,128129],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128130,4314],{"class":4184},[350,128132,8794,128134,128136],{"id":128133},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128135,126551],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128138,128139,128141],{},[15,128140,126551],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[62,128143,128145],{"className":64,"code":128144,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128146,128147,128159,128181],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128148,128149,128151,128153,128155,128157],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128150,126576],{"class":77},[71,128152,82],{"class":81},[71,128154,3683],{"class":99},[71,128156,126583],{"class":103},[71,128158,3689],{"class":99},[71,128160,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128162,128],{"class":127},[71,128164,90],{"class":89},[71,128166,126594],{"class":133},[71,128168,60],{"class":89},[71,128170,126599],{"class":133},[71,128172,90],{"class":89},[71,128174,3184],{"class":99},[71,128176,126606],{"class":103},[71,128178,3184],{"class":99},[71,128180,204],{"class":89},[71,128182,128183,128185,128187,128189],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,128184,128],{"class":127},[71,128186,90],{"class":89},[71,128188,126594],{"class":133},[71,128190,121],{"class":89},[20,128192,209],{},[62,128194,128196],{"className":64,"code":128195,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128197,128198,128202],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128199,128200],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128201,4314],{"class":4184},[71,128203,128204,128207,128209],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128205,128206],{"class":77},"report",[71,128208,60],{"class":89},[71,128210,128211],{"class":24868},"csv\n",[20,128213,128214,128215,60],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[56,128216,128217],{"href":124661},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128219,66201],{},[40,128221,128222,128225,128228,128231],{},[43,128223,128224],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[43,128226,128227],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[43,128229,128230],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[43,128232,8758,128233,44761,128235,3209,128237,111690],{},[15,128234,126551],{},[15,128236,124664],{},[15,128238,41783],{},[20,128240,30256],{},[62,128242,128244],{"className":64,"code":128243,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128245,128246,128256,128270,128292,128318],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128247,128248,128250,128252,128254],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128249,128],{"class":127},[71,128251,90],{"class":89},[71,128253,34832],{"class":133},[71,128255,121],{"class":89},[71,128257,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128259,128],{"class":127},[71,128261,90],{"class":89},[71,128263,41909],{"class":127},[71,128265,90],{"class":89},[71,128267,34832],{"class":133},[71,128269,204],{"class":89},[71,128271,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,128273,128],{"class":127},[71,128275,90],{"class":89},[71,128277,34832],{"class":133},[71,128279,60],{"class":89},[71,128281,126599],{"class":133},[71,128283,90],{"class":89},[71,128285,100],{"class":99},[71,128287,126606],{"class":103},[71,128289,100],{"class":99},[71,128291,204],{"class":89},[71,128293,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,128295,128],{"class":127},[71,128297,90],{"class":89},[71,128299,34832],{"class":133},[71,128301,60],{"class":89},[71,128303,8982],{"class":133},[71,128305,8979],{"class":89},[71,128307,126599],{"class":133},[71,128309,90],{"class":89},[71,128311,100],{"class":99},[71,128313,126606],{"class":103},[71,128315,100],{"class":99},[71,128317,204],{"class":89},[71,128319,128320,128322,128324,128326,128328,128330],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,128321,128],{"class":127},[71,128323,90],{"class":89},[71,128325,735],{"class":85},[71,128327,90],{"class":89},[71,128329,34832],{"class":133},[71,128331,204],{"class":89},[288,128333,2163],{"id":2162},[350,128335,12813,128337,128339],{"id":128336},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128338,126551],{}," change the string?",[20,128341,128342,128343,3209,128345,60],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128344,3935],{},[15,128346,4006],{},[350,128348,2184,128350,128352],{"id":128349},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128351,126551],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128354,128355,128356,60],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128357,128358],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[350,128360,15015,128362,124829],{"id":128361},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128363,126551],{},[20,128365,128366,128367,3209,128369,128372],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128368,124223],{},[15,128370,128371],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[350,128374,2167,128376,1560,128378,2172],{"id":128375},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128377,126551],{},[15,128379,124488],{},[20,128381,128382,128384,128385,128387],{},[15,128383,126551],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128386,124488],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[288,128389,2221],{"id":2220},[40,128391,128392,128398,128404,128408,128412],{},[43,128393,128394],{},[56,128395,126493,128396,1709],{"href":127858},[15,128397,127861],{},[43,128399,128400],{},[56,128401,126493,128402,1709],{"href":124220},[15,128403,124223],{},[43,128405,128406],{},[56,128407,124892],{"href":123748},[43,128409,128410],{},[56,128411,124899],{"href":124661},[43,128413,128414],{},[56,128415,125248],{"href":51109},[2250,128417,128418],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":128420},[128421,128422,128424,128425,128430,128431,128437,128438,128439,128447,128457],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":126659,"depth":124,"text":128423},"What endswith() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":126874,"depth":124,"text":126875,"children":128426},[128427,128428,128429],{"id":126788,"depth":139,"text":126788},{"id":36198,"depth":139,"text":36198},{"id":52795,"depth":139,"text":52795},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":127287,"depth":124,"text":127288,"children":128432},[128433,128434,128435,128436],{"id":127291,"depth":139,"text":127292},{"id":127345,"depth":139,"text":127346},{"id":127402,"depth":139,"text":127403},{"id":127456,"depth":139,"text":127457},{"id":124139,"depth":124,"text":124140},{"id":127690,"depth":124,"text":127691},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":128440},[128441,128442,128443,128445],{"id":127870,"depth":139,"text":127871},{"id":127948,"depth":139,"text":127949},{"id":128045,"depth":139,"text":128444},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128133,"depth":139,"text":128446},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":128448},[128449,128451,128453,128455],{"id":128336,"depth":139,"text":128450},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128349,"depth":139,"text":128452},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128361,"depth":139,"text":128454},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128375,"depth":139,"text":128456},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126543,"description":128458},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128465,"title":128466,"body":128467,"description":130135,"extension":2292,"meta":130136,"navigation":142,"path":130137,"seo":130138,"stem":130139,"__hash__":130140},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128468,"toc":130108},[128469,128474,128479,128484,128489,128582,128592,128597,128602,128617,128619,128701,128709,128711,128713,128740,128742,128758,128765,128767,128875,128877,128882,128898,128900,128995,129003,129006,129012,129017,129022,129029,129168,129171,129184,129186,129190,129197,129267,129270,129319,129326,129333,129347,129352,129357,129403,129449,129465,129467,129472,129486,129489,129611,129616,129618,129623,129656,129659,129735,129737,129746,129760,129763,129847,129850,129961,129964,129992,129994,130001,130005,130011,130014,130020,130023,130030,130041,130047,130054,130056,130105],[10,128470,123493,128472,11428],{"id":128471},"python-string-find-method",[15,128473,124488],{},[20,128475,123498,128476,128478],{},[15,128477,124488],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128480,128481,128482,60],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128483,65992],{},[20,128485,283,128486,128488],{},[15,128487,124488],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[62,128490,128492],{"className":64,"code":128491,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128493,128494,128506,128529,128542,128546,128569],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128495,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128497,34811],{"class":77},[71,128499,82],{"class":81},[71,128501,3683],{"class":99},[71,128503,60543],{"class":103},[71,128505,3689],{"class":99},[71,128507,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128509,65057],{"class":77},[71,128511,82],{"class":81},[71,128513,42972],{"class":77},[71,128515,60],{"class":89},[71,128517,128518],{"class":133},"find",[71,128520,90],{"class":89},[71,128522,3184],{"class":99},[71,128524,60728],{"class":103},[71,128526,3184],{"class":99},[71,128528,121],{"class":89},[71,128530,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,128532,128],{"class":127},[71,128534,90],{"class":89},[71,128536,65084],{"class":133},[71,128538,3993],{"class":89},[71,128540,128541],{"class":1439},"   # 6\n",[71,128543,128544],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,128545,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,128547,128548,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,128549,128550],{"class":77},"missing ",[71,128552,82],{"class":81},[71,128554,42972],{"class":77},[71,128556,60],{"class":89},[71,128558,128518],{"class":133},[71,128560,90],{"class":89},[71,128562,3184],{"class":99},[71,128564,66],{"class":103},[71,128566,3184],{"class":99},[71,128568,121],{"class":89},[71,128570,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,128572,128],{"class":127},[71,128574,90],{"class":89},[71,128576,26892],{"class":133},[71,128578,3993],{"class":89},[71,128580,128581],{"class":1439},"    # -1\n",[43711,128583,128584],{},[20,128585,283,128586,128588,128589,128591],{},[15,128587,124488],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128590,65992],{}," if the substring is not found.",[288,128593,291,128595,294],{"id":128594},"what-find-does",[15,128596,124488],{},[20,128598,128599,128601],{},[15,128600,124488],{}," is a string method that:",[40,128603,128604,128607,128610,128615],{},[43,128605,128606],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[43,128608,128609],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[43,128611,11530,128612,128614],{},[15,128613,65992],{}," if no match is found",[43,128616,126679],{},[20,128618,2537],{},[62,128620,128622],{"className":64,"code":128621,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128623,128624,128636,128640,128664,128688],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128625,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128627,34811],{"class":77},[71,128629,82],{"class":81},[71,128631,3683],{"class":99},[71,128633,4423],{"class":103},[71,128635,3689],{"class":99},[71,128637,128638],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128639,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,128641,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,128643,128],{"class":127},[71,128645,90],{"class":89},[71,128647,34832],{"class":133},[71,128649,60],{"class":89},[71,128651,128518],{"class":133},[71,128653,90],{"class":89},[71,128655,3184],{"class":99},[71,128657,123586],{"class":103},[71,128659,3184],{"class":99},[71,128661,5697],{"class":89},[71,128663,57781],{"class":1439},[71,128665,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,128667,128],{"class":127},[71,128669,90],{"class":89},[71,128671,34832],{"class":133},[71,128673,60],{"class":89},[71,128675,128518],{"class":133},[71,128677,90],{"class":89},[71,128679,3184],{"class":99},[71,128681,1986],{"class":103},[71,128683,3184],{"class":99},[71,128685,5697],{"class":89},[71,128687,128581],{"class":1439},[71,128689,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,128691,128],{"class":127},[71,128693,90],{"class":89},[71,128695,34832],{"class":133},[71,128697,3993],{"class":89},[71,128699,128700],{"class":1439},"              # banana\n",[20,128702,20887,128703,128706,128707,60],{},[15,128704,128705],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128708,630],{},[288,128710,343],{"id":342},[20,128712,2489],{},[62,128714,128716],{"className":64,"code":128715,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128717,128718],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128719,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128721,61311],{"class":77},[71,128723,60],{"class":89},[71,128725,128518],{"class":133},[71,128727,90],{"class":89},[71,128729,2804],{"class":133},[71,128731,109],{"class":89},[71,128733,36177],{"class":133},[71,128735,109],{"class":89},[71,128737,65178],{"class":133},[71,128739,121],{"class":89},[350,128741,17509],{"id":17508},[40,128743,128744,128748,128753],{},[43,128745,128746,123685],{},[15,128747,2804],{},[43,128749,128750,128752],{},[15,128751,36198],{},": optional starting position",[43,128754,128755,128757],{},[15,128756,52795],{},": optional ending position",[20,128759,128760,1560,128762,128764],{},[15,128761,36198],{},[15,128763,52795],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128766,126822],{},[62,128768,128770],{"className":64,"code":128769,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128771,128772,128784,128788,128813,128842],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128773,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128775,34811],{"class":77},[71,128777,82],{"class":81},[71,128779,3683],{"class":99},[71,128781,60543],{"class":103},[71,128783,3689],{"class":99},[71,128785,128786],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128787,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,128789,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,128791,128],{"class":127},[71,128793,90],{"class":89},[71,128795,34832],{"class":133},[71,128797,60],{"class":89},[71,128799,128518],{"class":133},[71,128801,90],{"class":89},[71,128803,3184],{"class":99},[71,128805,60610],{"class":103},[71,128807,3184],{"class":99},[71,128809,5697],{"class":89},[71,128811,128812],{"class":1439},"        # 4\n",[71,128814,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,128816,128],{"class":127},[71,128818,90],{"class":89},[71,128820,34832],{"class":133},[71,128822,60],{"class":89},[71,128824,128518],{"class":133},[71,128826,90],{"class":89},[71,128828,3184],{"class":99},[71,128830,60610],{"class":103},[71,128832,3184],{"class":99},[71,128834,109],{"class":89},[71,128836,4941],{"class":117},[71,128838,5697],{"class":89},[71,128840,128841],{"class":1439},"     # 7\n",[71,128843,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,128845,128],{"class":127},[71,128847,90],{"class":89},[71,128849,34832],{"class":133},[71,128851,60],{"class":89},[71,128853,128518],{"class":133},[71,128855,90],{"class":89},[71,128857,3184],{"class":99},[71,128859,60610],{"class":103},[71,128861,3184],{"class":99},[71,128863,109],{"class":89},[71,128865,4941],{"class":117},[71,128867,109],{"class":89},[71,128869,6330],{"class":117},[71,128871,5697],{"class":89},[71,128873,128874],{"class":1439},"  # -1\n",[288,128876,38148],{"id":38147},[20,128878,57680,128879,128881],{},[15,128880,124488],{}," is always an integer.",[40,128883,128884,128890,128893],{},[43,128885,128886,128887,128889],{},"A number ",[15,128888,2449],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[43,128891,128892],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[43,128894,128895,128897],{},[15,128896,65992],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128899,2537],{},[62,128901,128903],{"className":64,"code":128902,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128904,128905,128917,128921,128946,128971],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,128906,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,128908,34811],{"class":77},[71,128910,82],{"class":81},[71,128912,3683],{"class":99},[71,128914,66],{"class":103},[71,128916,3689],{"class":99},[71,128918,128919],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,128920,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,128922,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128940,128942,128944],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,128924,128],{"class":127},[71,128926,90],{"class":89},[71,128928,34832],{"class":133},[71,128930,60],{"class":89},[71,128932,128518],{"class":133},[71,128934,90],{"class":89},[71,128936,3184],{"class":99},[71,128938,128939],{"class":103},"py",[71,128941,3184],{"class":99},[71,128943,5697],{"class":89},[71,128945,20884],{"class":1439},[71,128947,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128965,128967,128969],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,128949,128],{"class":127},[71,128951,90],{"class":89},[71,128953,34832],{"class":133},[71,128955,60],{"class":89},[71,128957,128518],{"class":133},[71,128959,90],{"class":89},[71,128961,3184],{"class":99},[71,128963,128964],{"class":103},"th",[71,128966,3184],{"class":99},[71,128968,5697],{"class":89},[71,128970,57781],{"class":1439},[71,128972,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,128974,128],{"class":127},[71,128976,90],{"class":89},[71,128978,34832],{"class":133},[71,128980,60],{"class":89},[71,128982,128518],{"class":133},[71,128984,90],{"class":89},[71,128986,3184],{"class":99},[71,128988,22194],{"class":103},[71,128990,3184],{"class":99},[71,128992,5697],{"class":89},[71,128994,128581],{"class":1439},[20,128996,90048,128997,8797,128999,3209,129001,60],{},[15,128998,124488],{},[15,129000,3935],{},[15,129002,4006],{},[20,129004,129005],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[288,129007,8758,129008,1560,129010],{"id":65544},[15,129009,36198],{},[15,129011,52795],{},[20,129013,283,129014,129016],{},[15,129015,36198],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129018,283,129019,129021],{},[15,129020,52795],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129023,2309,129024,75600,129026,129028],{},[15,129025,52795],{},[30,129027,65207],{}," in the search.",[62,129030,129032],{"className":64,"code":129031,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129033,129034,129047,129051,129075,129104,129136],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129035,129036,129038,129040,129042,129045],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129037,34811],{"class":77},[71,129039,82],{"class":81},[71,129041,3683],{"class":99},[71,129043,129044],{"class":103},"one two three two",[71,129046,3689],{"class":99},[71,129048,129049],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129050,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,129052,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129054,128],{"class":127},[71,129056,90],{"class":89},[71,129058,34832],{"class":133},[71,129060,60],{"class":89},[71,129062,128518],{"class":133},[71,129064,90],{"class":89},[71,129066,3184],{"class":99},[71,129068,79409],{"class":103},[71,129070,3184],{"class":99},[71,129072,5697],{"class":89},[71,129074,128812],{"class":1439},[71,129076,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,129078,128],{"class":127},[71,129080,90],{"class":89},[71,129082,34832],{"class":133},[71,129084,60],{"class":89},[71,129086,128518],{"class":133},[71,129088,90],{"class":89},[71,129090,3184],{"class":99},[71,129092,79409],{"class":103},[71,129094,3184],{"class":99},[71,129096,109],{"class":89},[71,129098,4941],{"class":117},[71,129100,5697],{"class":89},[71,129102,129103],{"class":1439},"     # 14\n",[71,129105,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,129107,128],{"class":127},[71,129109,90],{"class":89},[71,129111,34832],{"class":133},[71,129113,60],{"class":89},[71,129115,128518],{"class":133},[71,129117,90],{"class":89},[71,129119,3184],{"class":99},[71,129121,79409],{"class":103},[71,129123,3184],{"class":99},[71,129125,109],{"class":89},[71,129127,4165],{"class":117},[71,129129,109],{"class":89},[71,129131,6330],{"class":117},[71,129133,5697],{"class":89},[71,129135,51069],{"class":1439},[71,129137,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158,129160,129162,129164,129166],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,129139,128],{"class":127},[71,129141,90],{"class":89},[71,129143,34832],{"class":133},[71,129145,60],{"class":89},[71,129147,128518],{"class":133},[71,129149,90],{"class":89},[71,129151,3184],{"class":99},[71,129153,79409],{"class":103},[71,129155,3184],{"class":99},[71,129157,109],{"class":89},[71,129159,4165],{"class":117},[71,129161,109],{"class":89},[71,129163,2788],{"class":117},[71,129165,5697],{"class":89},[71,129167,128874],{"class":1439},[20,129169,129170],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129172,129173,129174,55204,129178,60],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[56,129175,129177],{"href":129176},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[56,129179,129181,129183],{"href":129180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129182,60668],{}," string method",[288,129185,124140],{"id":124139},[20,129187,129188,123951],{},[15,129189,124488],{},[20,129191,127538,129192,1560,129194,129196],{},[15,129193,90556],{},[15,129195,64672],{}," are treated as different text.",[62,129198,129200],{"className":64,"code":129199,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129201,129202,129215,129219,129243],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129203,129204,129206,129208,129210,129213],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129205,34811],{"class":77},[71,129207,82],{"class":81},[71,129209,3683],{"class":99},[71,129211,129212],{"class":103},"Hello World",[71,129214,3689],{"class":99},[71,129216,129217],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129218,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,129220,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129222,128],{"class":127},[71,129224,90],{"class":89},[71,129226,34832],{"class":133},[71,129228,60],{"class":89},[71,129230,128518],{"class":133},[71,129232,90],{"class":89},[71,129234,3184],{"class":99},[71,129236,34991],{"class":103},[71,129238,3184],{"class":99},[71,129240,5697],{"class":89},[71,129242,51381],{"class":1439},[71,129244,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,129246,128],{"class":127},[71,129248,90],{"class":89},[71,129250,34832],{"class":133},[71,129252,60],{"class":89},[71,129254,128518],{"class":133},[71,129256,90],{"class":89},[71,129258,3184],{"class":99},[71,129260,4177],{"class":103},[71,129262,3184],{"class":99},[71,129264,5697],{"class":89},[71,129266,128874],{"class":1439},[20,129268,129269],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[62,129271,129273],{"className":64,"code":129272,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129274,129275,129287,129291],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129276,129277,129279,129281,129283,129285],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129278,34811],{"class":77},[71,129280,82],{"class":81},[71,129282,3683],{"class":99},[71,129284,129212],{"class":103},[71,129286,3689],{"class":99},[71,129288,129289],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129290,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,129292,129293,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129294,128],{"class":127},[71,129296,90],{"class":89},[71,129298,34832],{"class":133},[71,129300,60],{"class":89},[71,129302,8982],{"class":133},[71,129304,8979],{"class":89},[71,129306,128518],{"class":133},[71,129308,90],{"class":89},[71,129310,3184],{"class":99},[71,129312,4177],{"class":103},[71,129314,3184],{"class":99},[71,129316,5697],{"class":89},[71,129318,51381],{"class":1439},[288,129320,129322,1552,129324],{"id":129321},"find-vs-index",[15,129323,124488],{},[15,129325,59104],{},[20,129327,129328,1560,129330,129332],{},[15,129329,124488],{},[15,129331,59104],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[40,129334,129335,129341],{},[43,129336,129337,2728,129339],{},[15,129338,124488],{},[15,129340,65992],{},[43,129342,129343,52629,129345],{},[15,129344,59104],{},[15,129346,40833],{},[20,129348,283,129349,129351],{},[15,129350,124488],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129353,283,129354,129356],{},[15,129355,59104],{}," when the value must exist.",[62,129358,129360],{"className":64,"code":129359,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129361,129362,129374,129378],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129363,129364,129366,129368,129370,129372],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129365,34811],{"class":77},[71,129367,82],{"class":81},[71,129369,3683],{"class":99},[71,129371,4177],{"class":103},[71,129373,3689],{"class":99},[71,129375,129376],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129377,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,129379,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129381,128],{"class":127},[71,129383,90],{"class":89},[71,129385,34832],{"class":133},[71,129387,60],{"class":89},[71,129389,128518],{"class":133},[71,129391,90],{"class":89},[71,129393,3184],{"class":99},[71,129395,1986],{"class":103},[71,129397,3184],{"class":99},[71,129399,5697],{"class":89},[71,129401,129402],{"class":1439},"   # -1\n",[62,129404,129406],{"className":64,"code":129405,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129407,129408,129420,129424],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129409,129410,129412,129414,129416,129418],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129411,34811],{"class":77},[71,129413,82],{"class":81},[71,129415,3683],{"class":99},[71,129417,4177],{"class":103},[71,129419,3689],{"class":99},[71,129421,129422],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129423,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,129425,129426,129428,129430,129432,129434,129436,129438,129440,129442,129444,129446],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129427,128],{"class":127},[71,129429,90],{"class":89},[71,129431,34832],{"class":133},[71,129433,60],{"class":89},[71,129435,35971],{"class":133},[71,129437,90],{"class":89},[71,129439,3184],{"class":99},[71,129441,1986],{"class":103},[71,129443,3184],{"class":99},[71,129445,5697],{"class":89},[71,129447,129448],{"class":1439},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129450,129451,129452,129456,129457,129459,129460,60],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[56,129453,129454,129183],{"href":124513},[15,129455,59104],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129458,59104],{},", read ",[56,129461,25798,129462],{"href":73620},[15,129463,129464],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[288,129466,41175],{"id":41174},[20,129468,35530,129469,129471],{},[15,129470,124488],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[40,129473,129474,129477,129480,129483],{},[43,129475,129476],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[43,129478,129479],{},"Get the position of a word",[43,129481,129482],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[43,129484,129485],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129487,129488],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[62,129490,129492],{"className":64,"code":129491,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129493,129494,129507,129530,129534,129549,129565,129584,129598],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129495,129496,129498,129500,129502,129505],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129497,34811],{"class":77},[71,129499,82],{"class":81},[71,129501,3683],{"class":99},[71,129503,129504],{"class":103},"name:Alice",[71,129506,3689],{"class":99},[71,129508,129509,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522,129524,129526,129528],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129510,129511],{"class":77},"colon_pos ",[71,129513,82],{"class":81},[71,129515,42972],{"class":77},[71,129517,60],{"class":89},[71,129519,128518],{"class":133},[71,129521,90],{"class":89},[71,129523,3184],{"class":99},[71,129525,228],{"class":103},[71,129527,3184],{"class":99},[71,129529,121],{"class":89},[71,129531,129532],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129533,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,129535,129536,129538,129541,129543,129545,129547],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,129537,7337],{"class":4209},[71,129539,129540],{"class":77}," colon_pos ",[71,129542,72730],{"class":81},[71,129544,2552],{"class":81},[71,129546,3320],{"class":117},[71,129548,6731],{"class":89},[71,129550,129551,129554,129556,129558,129560,129563],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,129552,129553],{"class":77},"    label ",[71,129555,82],{"class":81},[71,129557,42972],{"class":77},[71,129559,75673],{"class":89},[71,129561,129562],{"class":77},"colon_pos",[71,129564,1757],{"class":89},[71,129566,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,129568,27520],{"class":77},[71,129570,82],{"class":81},[71,129572,42972],{"class":77},[71,129574,4234],{"class":89},[71,129576,129511],{"class":77},[71,129578,2390],{"class":81},[71,129580,165],{"class":117},[71,129582,129583],{"class":89},":]\n",[71,129585,129586,129588,129590,129593,129595],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,129587,8408],{"class":127},[71,129589,90],{"class":89},[71,129591,129592],{"class":133},"label",[71,129594,3993],{"class":89},[71,129596,129597],{"class":1439},"  # name\n",[71,129599,129600,129602,129604,129606,129608],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,129601,8408],{"class":127},[71,129603,90],{"class":89},[71,129605,2804],{"class":133},[71,129607,3993],{"class":89},[71,129609,129610],{"class":1439},"  # Alice\n",[20,129612,129613,129614,60],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[56,129615,127529],{"href":123748},[288,129617,2054],{"id":2053},[20,129619,129620,129621,228],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129622,124488],{},[40,129624,129625,129634,129640,129645,129651],{},[43,129626,8794,129627,8797,129629,3209,129631,129633],{},[15,129628,124488],{},[15,129630,3935],{},[15,129632,4006],{}," instead of an index",[43,129635,129636,129637,129639],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129638,65992],{}," when the substring is missing",[43,129641,8758,129642,129644],{},[15,129643,124488],{}," without handling case differences",[43,129646,37331,129647,9046,129649],{},[15,129648,124488],{},[15,129650,59104],{},[43,129652,4915,129653,129655],{},[15,129654,124488],{}," changes the string",[20,129657,129658],{},"Example of a mistake:",[62,129660,129662],{"className":64,"code":129661,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129663,129664,129676,129680,129700,129715,129721],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129665,129666,129668,129670,129672,129674],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129667,34811],{"class":77},[71,129669,82],{"class":81},[71,129671,3683],{"class":99},[71,129673,4177],{"class":103},[71,129675,3689],{"class":99},[71,129677,129678],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129679,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,129681,129682,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692,129694,129696,129698],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129683,7337],{"class":4209},[71,129685,42972],{"class":77},[71,129687,60],{"class":89},[71,129689,128518],{"class":133},[71,129691,90],{"class":89},[71,129693,3184],{"class":99},[71,129695,60575],{"class":103},[71,129697,3184],{"class":99},[71,129699,8682],{"class":89},[71,129701,129702,129704,129706,129708,129711,129713],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,129703,8408],{"class":127},[71,129705,90],{"class":89},[71,129707,3184],{"class":99},[71,129709,129710],{"class":103},"Found",[71,129712,3184],{"class":99},[71,129714,121],{"class":89},[71,129716,129717,129719],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,129718,27553],{"class":4209},[71,129720,6731],{"class":89},[71,129722,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731,129733],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,129724,8408],{"class":127},[71,129726,90],{"class":89},[71,129728,3184],{"class":99},[71,129730,26434],{"class":103},[71,129732,3184],{"class":99},[71,129734,121],{"class":89},[20,129736,100054],{},[62,129738,129740],{"className":64,"code":129739,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Not found\n",[15,129741,129742],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129743,129744],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129745,129739],{"class":77},[20,129747,45835,129748,129751,129752,17186,129754,129756,129757,129759],{},[15,129749,129750],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129753,2449],{},[15,129755,2449],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129758,7337],{}," statement.",[20,129761,129762],{},"A safer version is:",[62,129764,129766],{"className":64,"code":129765,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129767,129768,129780,129784,129813,129827,129833],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129769,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129771,34811],{"class":77},[71,129773,82],{"class":81},[71,129775,3683],{"class":99},[71,129777,4177],{"class":103},[71,129779,3689],{"class":99},[71,129781,129782],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129783,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,129785,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804,129807,129809,129811],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129787,7337],{"class":4209},[71,129789,42972],{"class":77},[71,129791,60],{"class":89},[71,129793,128518],{"class":133},[71,129795,90],{"class":89},[71,129797,3184],{"class":99},[71,129799,60575],{"class":103},[71,129801,3184],{"class":99},[71,129803,3993],{"class":89},[71,129805,129806],{"class":81}," !=",[71,129808,2552],{"class":81},[71,129810,3320],{"class":117},[71,129812,6731],{"class":89},[71,129814,129815,129817,129819,129821,129823,129825],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,129816,8408],{"class":127},[71,129818,90],{"class":89},[71,129820,3184],{"class":99},[71,129822,129710],{"class":103},[71,129824,3184],{"class":99},[71,129826,121],{"class":89},[71,129828,129829,129831],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,129830,27553],{"class":4209},[71,129832,6731],{"class":89},[71,129834,129835,129837,129839,129841,129843,129845],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,129836,8408],{"class":127},[71,129838,90],{"class":89},[71,129840,3184],{"class":99},[71,129842,26434],{"class":103},[71,129844,3184],{"class":99},[71,129846,121],{"class":89},[20,129848,129849],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[62,129851,129853],{"className":64,"code":129852,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129854,129855,129877,129891,129917,129931],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,129856,129857,129859,129861,129863,129865,129867,129869,129871,129873,129875],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,129858,128],{"class":127},[71,129860,90],{"class":89},[71,129862,34832],{"class":133},[71,129864,60],{"class":89},[71,129866,128518],{"class":133},[71,129868,90],{"class":89},[71,129870,100],{"class":99},[71,129872,38519],{"class":103},[71,129874,100],{"class":99},[71,129876,204],{"class":89},[71,129878,129879,129881,129883,129885,129887,129889],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,129880,128],{"class":127},[71,129882,90],{"class":89},[71,129884,41909],{"class":127},[71,129886,90],{"class":89},[71,129888,34832],{"class":133},[71,129890,204],{"class":89},[71,129892,129893,129895,129897,129899,129901,129903,129905,129907,129909,129911,129913,129915],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,129894,128],{"class":127},[71,129896,90],{"class":89},[71,129898,34832],{"class":133},[71,129900,60],{"class":89},[71,129902,8982],{"class":133},[71,129904,8979],{"class":89},[71,129906,128518],{"class":133},[71,129908,90],{"class":89},[71,129910,100],{"class":99},[71,129912,38519],{"class":103},[71,129914,100],{"class":99},[71,129916,204],{"class":89},[71,129918,129919,129921,129923,129925,129927,129929],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,129920,128],{"class":127},[71,129922,90],{"class":89},[71,129924,2139],{"class":127},[71,129926,90],{"class":89},[71,129928,34832],{"class":133},[71,129930,204],{"class":89},[71,129932,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947,129949,129951,129953,129955,129957,129959],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,129934,128],{"class":127},[71,129936,90],{"class":89},[71,129938,34832],{"class":133},[71,129940,60],{"class":89},[71,129942,128518],{"class":133},[71,129944,90],{"class":89},[71,129946,100],{"class":99},[71,129948,38519],{"class":103},[71,129950,100],{"class":99},[71,129952,109],{"class":89},[71,129954,36177],{"class":133},[71,129956,109],{"class":89},[71,129958,65178],{"class":133},[71,129960,204],{"class":89},[20,129962,129963],{},"These help you check:",[40,129965,129966,129971,129976,129981,129984],{},[43,129967,129968,129969],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129970,124488],{},[43,129972,129973,129974],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129975,122707],{},[43,129977,129978,129979],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129980,124223],{},[43,129982,129983],{},"The string length",[43,129985,129986,129987,1560,129989,129991],{},"Whether your ",[15,129988,36198],{},[15,129990,52795],{}," values are correct",[288,129993,2163],{"id":2162},[350,129995,129997,129998,130000],{"id":129996},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129999,124488],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130002,5485,130003,60],{},[15,130004,65992],{},[350,130006,12813,130008,130010],{"id":130007},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130009,124488],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130012,130013],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[350,130015,130017,130018,124829],{"id":130016},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130019,124488],{},[20,130021,130022],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[350,130024,2167,130026,1560,130028,69793],{"id":130025},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130027,124488],{},[15,130029,59104],{},[20,130031,130032,2728,130034,130036,130037,52629,130039,60],{},[15,130033,124488],{},[15,130035,65992],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130038,59104],{},[15,130040,40833],{},[350,130042,28448,130044,130046],{"id":130043},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130045,124488],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130048,130049,130050,1560,130052,66291],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130051,36198],{},[15,130053,52795],{},[288,130055,2221],{"id":2220},[40,130057,130058,130064,130070,130077,130083,130090,130094,130099],{},[43,130059,130060],{},[56,130061,126493,130062,1709],{"href":124513},[15,130063,59104],{},[43,130065,130066],{},[56,130067,126493,130068,1709],{"href":129180},[15,130069,60668],{},[43,130071,130072],{},[56,130073,126493,130075,1709],{"href":130074},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130076,124664],{},[43,130078,130079],{},[56,130080,126493,130081,1709],{"href":127858},[15,130082,127861],{},[43,130084,130085],{},[56,130086,126493,130088,1709],{"href":130087},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130089,126551],{},[43,130091,130092],{},[56,130093,124892],{"href":123748},[43,130095,130096],{},[56,130097,130098],{"href":129176},"How to split a string in Python",[43,130100,130101],{},[56,130102,26241,130103],{"href":73620},[15,130104,129464],{},[2250,130106,130107],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":130109},[130110,130112,130115,130116,130117,130118,130120,130121,130122,130134],{"id":128594,"depth":124,"text":130111},"What find() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":130113},[130114],{"id":17508,"depth":139,"text":17509},{"id":38147,"depth":124,"text":38148},{"id":65544,"depth":124,"text":66327},{"id":124139,"depth":124,"text":124140},{"id":129321,"depth":124,"text":130119},"find() vs index()",{"id":41174,"depth":124,"text":41175},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":130123},[130124,130126,130128,130130,130132],{"id":129996,"depth":139,"text":130125},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130007,"depth":139,"text":130127},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130016,"depth":139,"text":130129},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130025,"depth":139,"text":130131},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130043,"depth":139,"text":130133},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128466,"description":130135},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130142,"title":130143,"body":130144,"description":132070,"extension":2292,"meta":132071,"navigation":142,"path":132072,"seo":132073,"stem":132074,"__hash__":132075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130145,"toc":132038},[130146,130151,130156,130159,130161,130237,130241,130269,130277,130281,130286,130290,130307,130309,130376,130380,130402,130410,130412,130415,130439,130442,130456,130458,130543,130547,130559,130562,130566,130572,130622,130626,130643,130652,130655,130663,130666,130715,130719,130744,130747,130802,130806,130818,130824,130828,130834,130839,130906,130910,130936,130939,130950,130952,131019,131023,131048,131055,131059,131064,131071,131079,131081,131133,131137,131155,131157,131202,131206,131221,131224,131234,131241,131243,131247,131250,131261,131263,131323,131327,131355,131358,131364,131369,131372,131376,131420,131423,131461,131464,131472,131474,131479,131483,131486,131534,131537,131540,131596,131600,131605,131608,131657,131659,131708,131714,131719,131721,131768,131772,131785,131787,131838,131844,131847,131851,131854,131860,131865,131867,131870,131942,131945,131962,131964,131969,131972,131976,131982,131988,131995,132001,132007,132009,132035],[10,130147,123493,130149,11428],{"id":130148},"python-string-format-method",[15,130150,126496],{},[20,130152,123498,130153,130155],{},[15,130154,126496],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130157,130158],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[288,130160,2334],{"id":2333},[62,130162,130164],{"className":64,"code":130163,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130165,130166,130178,130186,130190,130227],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130167,130168,130170,130172,130174,130176],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130169,8215],{"class":77},[71,130171,82],{"class":81},[71,130173,3683],{"class":99},[71,130175,11616],{"class":103},[71,130177,3689],{"class":99},[71,130179,130180,130182,130184],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,130181,21745],{"class":77},[71,130183,82],{"class":81},[71,130185,88937],{"class":117},[71,130187,130188],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,130189,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,130191,130192,130194,130196,130198,130201,130203,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214,130217,130219,130221,130223,130225],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,130193,90145],{"class":77},[71,130195,82],{"class":81},[71,130197,3683],{"class":99},[71,130199,130200],{"class":103},"My name is ",[71,130202,805],{"class":117},[71,130204,130205],{"class":103}," and I am ",[71,130207,805],{"class":117},[71,130209,122489],{"class":103},[71,130211,3184],{"class":99},[71,130213,60],{"class":89},[71,130215,130216],{"class":133},"format",[71,130218,90],{"class":89},[71,130220,94],{"class":133},[71,130222,109],{"class":89},[71,130224,112],{"class":133},[71,130226,121],{"class":89},[71,130228,130229,130231,130233,130235],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,130230,128],{"class":127},[71,130232,90],{"class":89},[71,130234,90162],{"class":133},[71,130236,121],{"class":89},[20,130238,130239],{},[30,130240,209],{},[62,130242,130244],{"className":64,"code":130243,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130245,130246],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130247,130248,130251,130253,130256,130259,130262,130265,130267],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130249,130250],{"class":77},"My name ",[71,130252,12302],{"class":81},[71,130254,130255],{"class":77}," Maya ",[71,130257,130258],{"class":81},"and",[71,130260,130261],{"class":77}," I am ",[71,130263,130264],{"class":117},"12",[71,130266,122522],{"class":77},[71,130268,122525],{"class":89},[20,130270,283,130271,130273,130274,130276],{},[15,130272,805],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130275,126496],{}," in the same order.",[20,130278,125245,130279,60],{},[56,130280,125248],{"href":51109},[288,130282,13106,130284,13109],{"id":130283},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130285,126496],{},[20,130287,2309,130288,11519],{},[15,130289,126496],{},[40,130291,130292,130295,130301,130304],{},[43,130293,130294],{},"inserts values into a string",[43,130296,130297,130298,130300],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130299,805],{}," with given values",[43,130302,130303],{},"returns a new string",[43,130305,130306],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130308,2537],{},[62,130310,130312],{"className":64,"code":130311,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130313,130314,130328,130351,130355,130366],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130315,130316,130318,130320,130322,130324,130326],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130317,34811],{"class":77},[71,130319,82],{"class":81},[71,130321,3683],{"class":99},[71,130323,45033],{"class":103},[71,130325,805],{"class":117},[71,130327,3689],{"class":99},[71,130329,130330,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347,130349],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,130331,130332],{"class":77},"new_text ",[71,130334,82],{"class":81},[71,130336,42972],{"class":77},[71,130338,60],{"class":89},[71,130340,130216],{"class":133},[71,130342,90],{"class":89},[71,130344,3184],{"class":99},[71,130346,1470],{"class":103},[71,130348,3184],{"class":99},[71,130350,121],{"class":89},[71,130352,130353],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,130354,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,130356,130357,130359,130361,130364],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,130358,128],{"class":127},[71,130360,90],{"class":89},[71,130362,130363],{"class":133},"new_text",[71,130365,121],{"class":89},[71,130367,130368,130370,130372,130374],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,130369,128],{"class":127},[71,130371,90],{"class":89},[71,130373,34832],{"class":133},[71,130375,121],{"class":89},[20,130377,130378],{},[30,130379,209],{},[62,130381,130383],{"className":64,"code":130382,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130384,130385,130394],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130386,130387,130389,130391],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130388,34991],{"class":77},[71,130390,109],{"class":89},[71,130392,130393],{"class":77}," Sam\n",[71,130395,130396,130398,130400],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,130397,34991],{"class":77},[71,130399,109],{"class":89},[71,130401,799],{"class":89},[20,130403,2616,130404,130406,130407,130409],{},[15,130405,34832],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130408,126496],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[288,130411,343],{"id":342},[20,130413,130414],{},"The general form is:",[62,130416,130418],{"className":64,"code":130417,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130419,130420],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130421,130422,130424,130427,130429,130431,130433,130435,130437],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130423,3184],{"class":43459},[71,130425,130426],{"class":43463},"text {}",[71,130428,3184],{"class":43459},[71,130430,60],{"class":89},[71,130432,130216],{"class":133},[71,130434,90],{"class":89},[71,130436,2804],{"class":133},[71,130438,121],{"class":89},[20,130440,130441],{},"Key idea:",[40,130443,130444,130450,130453],{},[43,130445,130446,130447,130449],{},"each ",[15,130448,805],{}," is a placeholder",[43,130451,130452],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[43,130454,130455],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130457,2537],{},[62,130459,130461],{"className":64,"code":130460,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130462,130463,130476,130490,130494,130532],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130464,130465,130468,130470,130472,130474],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130466,130467],{"class":77},"animal ",[71,130469,82],{"class":81},[71,130471,3683],{"class":99},[71,130473,37174],{"class":103},[71,130475,3689],{"class":99},[71,130477,130478,130481,130483,130485,130488],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,130479,130480],{"class":77},"sound ",[71,130482,82],{"class":81},[71,130484,3683],{"class":99},[71,130486,130487],{"class":103},"meow",[71,130489,3689],{"class":99},[71,130491,130492],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,130493,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,130495,130496,130499,130501,130503,130505,130507,130510,130512,130514,130516,130518,130520,130522,130525,130527,130530],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,130497,130498],{"class":77},"sentence ",[71,130500,82],{"class":81},[71,130502,3683],{"class":99},[71,130504,2309],{"class":103},[71,130506,805],{"class":117},[71,130508,130509],{"class":103}," says ",[71,130511,805],{"class":117},[71,130513,60],{"class":103},[71,130515,3184],{"class":99},[71,130517,60],{"class":89},[71,130519,130216],{"class":133},[71,130521,90],{"class":89},[71,130523,130524],{"class":133},"animal",[71,130526,109],{"class":89},[71,130528,130529],{"class":133}," sound",[71,130531,121],{"class":89},[71,130533,130534,130536,130538,130541],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,130535,128],{"class":127},[71,130537,90],{"class":89},[71,130539,130540],{"class":133},"sentence",[71,130542,121],{"class":89},[20,130544,130545],{},[30,130546,209],{},[62,130548,130550],{"className":64,"code":130549,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130551,130552],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130553,130554,130557],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130555,130556],{"class":77},"The cat says meow",[71,130558,122525],{"class":89},[20,130560,130561],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[288,130563,130565],{"id":130564},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130567,130568,130569,130571],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130570,805],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[62,130573,130575],{"className":64,"code":130574,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130576,130577],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130578,130579,130581,130583,130585,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130604,130606,130609,130611,130613,130615,130618,130620],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130580,128],{"class":127},[71,130582,90],{"class":89},[71,130584,3184],{"class":99},[71,130586,130587],{"class":103},"I like ",[71,130589,805],{"class":117},[71,130591,1560],{"class":103},[71,130593,805],{"class":117},[71,130595,60],{"class":103},[71,130597,3184],{"class":99},[71,130599,60],{"class":89},[71,130601,130216],{"class":133},[71,130603,90],{"class":89},[71,130605,3184],{"class":99},[71,130607,130608],{"class":103},"pizza",[71,130610,3184],{"class":99},[71,130612,109],{"class":89},[71,130614,3683],{"class":99},[71,130616,130617],{"class":103},"pasta",[71,130619,3184],{"class":99},[71,130621,204],{"class":89},[20,130623,130624],{},[30,130625,209],{},[62,130627,130629],{"className":64,"code":130628,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130630,130631],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130632,130633,130636,130638,130641],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130634,130635],{"class":77},"I like pizza ",[71,130637,130258],{"class":81},[71,130639,130640],{"class":77}," pasta",[71,130642,122525],{"class":89},[20,130644,130645,130646,1560,130649,60],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130647,130648],{},"{0}",[15,130650,130651],{},"{1}",[20,130653,130654],{},"This is helpful when:",[40,130656,130657,130660],{},[43,130658,130659],{},"you want to reuse a value",[43,130661,130662],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130664,130665],{},"Example with reused values:",[62,130667,130669],{"className":64,"code":130668,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130670,130671,130705],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130672,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681,130684,130686,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130703],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130674,34811],{"class":77},[71,130676,82],{"class":81},[71,130678,3683],{"class":99},[71,130680,130648],{"class":117},[71,130682,130683],{"class":103}," is learning Python. ",[71,130685,130648],{"class":117},[71,130687,130688],{"class":103}," likes coding.",[71,130690,3184],{"class":99},[71,130692,60],{"class":89},[71,130694,130216],{"class":133},[71,130696,90],{"class":89},[71,130698,3184],{"class":99},[71,130700,19998],{"class":103},[71,130702,3184],{"class":99},[71,130704,121],{"class":89},[71,130706,130707,130709,130711,130713],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,130708,128],{"class":127},[71,130710,90],{"class":89},[71,130712,34832],{"class":133},[71,130714,121],{"class":89},[20,130716,130717],{},[30,130718,209],{},[62,130720,130722],{"className":64,"code":130721,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130723,130724],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130725,130726,130729,130731,130734,130736,130739,130742],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130727,130728],{"class":77},"Lina ",[71,130730,12302],{"class":81},[71,130732,130733],{"class":77}," learning Python",[71,130735,60],{"class":89},[71,130737,130738],{"class":24868}," Lina",[71,130740,130741],{"class":77}," likes coding",[71,130743,122525],{"class":89},[20,130745,130746],{},"Example with changed order:",[62,130748,130750],{"className":64,"code":130749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130751,130752,130792],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130753,130754,130756,130758,130760,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130772,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130786,130788,130790],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130755,34811],{"class":77},[71,130757,82],{"class":81},[71,130759,3683],{"class":99},[71,130761,130651],{"class":117},[71,130763,83464],{"class":103},[71,130765,130648],{"class":117},[71,130767,60],{"class":103},[71,130769,3184],{"class":99},[71,130771,60],{"class":89},[71,130773,130216],{"class":133},[71,130775,90],{"class":89},[71,130777,3184],{"class":99},[71,130779,6924],{"class":103},[71,130781,3184],{"class":99},[71,130783,109],{"class":89},[71,130785,3683],{"class":99},[71,130787,79409],{"class":103},[71,130789,3184],{"class":99},[71,130791,121],{"class":89},[71,130793,130794,130796,130798,130800],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,130795,128],{"class":127},[71,130797,90],{"class":89},[71,130799,34832],{"class":133},[71,130801,121],{"class":89},[20,130803,130804],{},[30,130805,209],{},[62,130807,130809],{"className":64,"code":130808,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130810,130811],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130812,130813,130816],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130814,130815],{"class":77},"two comes after one",[71,130817,122525],{"class":89},[20,130819,130820,130821,130823],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130822,805],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[288,130825,130827],{"id":130826},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130829,130830,130831,60],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130832,130833],{},"{name}",[20,130835,130836,130837,228],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130838,126496],{},[62,130840,130842],{"className":64,"code":130841,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130843,130844,130896],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130845,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856,130859,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884,130886,130888,130890,130892,130894],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130847,34811],{"class":77},[71,130849,82],{"class":81},[71,130851,3683],{"class":99},[71,130853,130200],{"class":103},[71,130855,130833],{"class":117},[71,130857,130858],{"class":103}," and I live in ",[71,130860,130861],{"class":117},"{city}",[71,130863,60],{"class":103},[71,130865,3184],{"class":99},[71,130867,60],{"class":89},[71,130869,130216],{"class":133},[71,130871,90],{"class":89},[71,130873,94],{"class":93},[71,130875,82],{"class":81},[71,130877,3184],{"class":99},[71,130879,12990],{"class":103},[71,130881,3184],{"class":99},[71,130883,109],{"class":89},[71,130885,31506],{"class":93},[71,130887,82],{"class":81},[71,130889,3184],{"class":99},[71,130891,16144],{"class":103},[71,130893,3184],{"class":99},[71,130895,121],{"class":89},[71,130897,130898,130900,130902,130904],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,130899,128],{"class":127},[71,130901,90],{"class":89},[71,130903,34832],{"class":133},[71,130905,121],{"class":89},[20,130907,130908],{},[30,130909,209],{},[62,130911,130913],{"className":64,"code":130912,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130914,130915],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130916,130917,130919,130921,130924,130926,130929,130931,130934],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130918,130250],{"class":77},[71,130920,12302],{"class":81},[71,130922,130923],{"class":77}," Ana ",[71,130925,130258],{"class":81},[71,130927,130928],{"class":77}," I live ",[71,130930,4216],{"class":81},[71,130932,130933],{"class":77}," Lima",[71,130935,122525],{"class":89},[20,130937,130938],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[40,130940,130941,130944,130947],{},[43,130942,130943],{},"they make code easier to read",[43,130945,130946],{},"they help when a string has many values",[43,130948,130949],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130951,2537],{},[62,130953,130955],{"className":64,"code":130954,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130956,130957,131009],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,130958,130959,130962,130964,130966,130969,130972,130975,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130995,130997,130999,131002,131004,131007],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,130960,130961],{"class":77},"report ",[71,130963,82],{"class":81},[71,130965,3683],{"class":99},[71,130967,130968],{"class":103},"Student: ",[71,130970,130971],{"class":117},"{student}",[71,130973,130974],{"class":103},", Score: ",[71,130976,130977],{"class":117},"{score}",[71,130979,3184],{"class":99},[71,130981,60],{"class":89},[71,130983,130216],{"class":133},[71,130985,90],{"class":89},[71,130987,13737],{"class":93},[71,130989,82],{"class":81},[71,130991,3184],{"class":99},[71,130993,130994],{"class":103},"Noah",[71,130996,3184],{"class":99},[71,130998,109],{"class":89},[71,131000,131001],{"class":93}," score",[71,131003,82],{"class":81},[71,131005,131006],{"class":117},"95",[71,131008,121],{"class":89},[71,131010,131011,131013,131015,131017],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131012,128],{"class":127},[71,131014,90],{"class":89},[71,131016,128206],{"class":133},[71,131018,121],{"class":89},[20,131020,131021],{},[30,131022,209],{},[62,131024,131026],{"className":64,"code":131025,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131027,131028],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131029,131030,131033,131035,131038,131040,131043,131045],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131031,131032],{"class":77},"Student",[71,131034,228],{"class":89},[71,131036,131037],{"class":77}," Noah",[71,131039,109],{"class":89},[71,131041,131042],{"class":77}," Score",[71,131044,228],{"class":89},[71,131046,131047],{"class":117}," 95\n",[20,131049,131050,131051,60],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[56,131052,13,131053,3841],{"href":42305},[15,131054,47816],{},[288,131056,131058],{"id":131057},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131060,131061,131063],{},[15,131062,126496],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131065,131066,131067,131070],{},"A common example is ",[15,131068,131069],{},":.2f",", which means:",[40,131072,131073,131076],{},[43,131074,131075],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[43,131077,131078],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131080,2537],{},[62,131082,131084],{"className":64,"code":131083,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131085,131086,131094,131123],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131087,131088,131090,131092],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131089,40516],{"class":77},[71,131091,82],{"class":81},[71,131093,49409],{"class":117},[71,131095,131096,131098,131100,131102,131105,131107,131109,131111,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131097,34811],{"class":77},[71,131099,82],{"class":81},[71,131101,3683],{"class":99},[71,131103,131104],{"class":103},"Price: $",[71,131106,219],{"class":117},[71,131108,131069],{"class":768},[71,131110,22420],{"class":117},[71,131112,3184],{"class":99},[71,131114,60],{"class":89},[71,131116,130216],{"class":133},[71,131118,90],{"class":89},[71,131120,25268],{"class":133},[71,131122,121],{"class":89},[71,131124,131125,131127,131129,131131],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,131126,128],{"class":127},[71,131128,90],{"class":89},[71,131130,34832],{"class":133},[71,131132,121],{"class":89},[20,131134,131135],{},[30,131136,209],{},[62,131138,131140],{"className":64,"code":131139,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131141,131142],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131143,131144,131147,131149,131152],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131145,131146],{"class":77},"Price",[71,131148,228],{"class":89},[71,131150,131151],{"class":37494}," $",[71,131153,131154],{"class":117},"3.50\n",[20,131156,52214],{},[62,131158,131160],{"className":64,"code":131159,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131161,131162,131172],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131163,131164,131167,131169],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131165,131166],{"class":77},"average ",[71,131168,82],{"class":81},[71,131170,131171],{"class":117}," 91.236\n",[71,131173,131174,131176,131178,131180,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131200],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131175,128],{"class":127},[71,131177,90],{"class":89},[71,131179,3184],{"class":99},[71,131181,131182],{"class":103},"Average: ",[71,131184,219],{"class":117},[71,131186,131069],{"class":768},[71,131188,22420],{"class":117},[71,131190,3184],{"class":99},[71,131192,60],{"class":89},[71,131194,130216],{"class":133},[71,131196,90],{"class":89},[71,131198,131199],{"class":133},"average",[71,131201,204],{"class":89},[20,131203,131204],{},[30,131205,209],{},[62,131207,131209],{"className":64,"code":131208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131210,131211],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131212,131213,131216,131218],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131214,131215],{"class":77},"Average",[71,131217,228],{"class":89},[71,131219,131220],{"class":117}," 91.24\n",[20,131222,131223],{},"This is useful for:",[40,131225,131226,131228,131231],{},[43,131227,83222],{},[43,131229,131230],{},"averages",[43,131232,131233],{},"percentages",[20,131235,131236,131237,60],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[56,131238,13,131239,2633],{"href":46581},[15,131240,46584],{},[288,131242,17533],{"id":17532},[20,131244,131245,92659],{},[15,131246,126496],{},[20,131248,131249],{},"That means you can:",[40,131251,131252,131255,131258],{},[43,131253,131254],{},"save it in a variable",[43,131256,131257],{},"print it directly",[43,131259,131260],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131262,2537],{},[62,131264,131266],{"className":64,"code":131265,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131267,131268,131299,131309],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131269,131270,131272,131274,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131295,131297],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131271,90145],{"class":77},[71,131273,82],{"class":81},[71,131275,3683],{"class":99},[71,131277,45033],{"class":103},[71,131279,805],{"class":117},[71,131281,89986],{"class":103},[71,131283,3184],{"class":99},[71,131285,60],{"class":89},[71,131287,130216],{"class":133},[71,131289,90],{"class":89},[71,131291,3184],{"class":99},[71,131293,131294],{"class":103},"Chris",[71,131296,3184],{"class":99},[71,131298,121],{"class":89},[71,131300,131301,131303,131305,131307],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131302,128],{"class":127},[71,131304,90],{"class":89},[71,131306,90162],{"class":133},[71,131308,121],{"class":89},[71,131310,131311,131313,131315,131317,131319,131321],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,131312,128],{"class":127},[71,131314,90],{"class":89},[71,131316,735],{"class":85},[71,131318,90],{"class":89},[71,131320,90162],{"class":133},[71,131322,204],{"class":89},[20,131324,131325],{},[30,131326,209],{},[62,131328,131330],{"className":64,"code":131329,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131331,131332,131341],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131333,131334,131336,131338],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131335,34991],{"class":77},[71,131337,109],{"class":89},[71,131339,131340],{"class":77}," Chris!\n",[71,131342,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131344,765],{"class":81},[71,131346,769],{"class":768},[71,131348,231],{"class":99},[71,131350,3775],{"class":103},[71,131352,100],{"class":99},[71,131354,778],{"class":81},[20,131356,131357],{},"The original string is not changed.",[288,131359,131361,131363],{"id":131360},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131362,126496],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131365,131366,131368],{},[15,131367,126496],{}," is a string method.",[20,131370,131371],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131373,46172,131374,228],{},[15,131375,126496],{},[62,131377,131379],{"className":64,"code":131378,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131380,131381,131394],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131382,131383,131385,131387,131389,131392],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131384,8215],{"class":77},[71,131386,82],{"class":81},[71,131388,3683],{"class":99},[71,131390,131391],{"class":103},"Rita",[71,131393,3689],{"class":99},[71,131395,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131397,128],{"class":127},[71,131399,90],{"class":89},[71,131401,3184],{"class":99},[71,131403,45033],{"class":103},[71,131405,805],{"class":117},[71,131407,89986],{"class":103},[71,131409,3184],{"class":99},[71,131411,60],{"class":89},[71,131413,130216],{"class":133},[71,131415,90],{"class":89},[71,131417,94],{"class":133},[71,131419,204],{"class":89},[20,131421,131422],{},"Example with an f-string:",[62,131424,131426],{"className":64,"code":131425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131427,131428,131440],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131429,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131431,8215],{"class":77},[71,131433,82],{"class":81},[71,131435,3683],{"class":99},[71,131437,131391],{"class":103},[71,131439,3689],{"class":99},[71,131441,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456,131459],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131443,128],{"class":127},[71,131445,90],{"class":89},[71,131447,22411],{"class":768},[71,131449,43477],{"class":103},[71,131451,219],{"class":117},[71,131453,94],{"class":133},[71,131455,22420],{"class":117},[71,131457,131458],{"class":103},"!\"",[71,131460,121],{"class":89},[20,131462,131463],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131465,131466,131467,131469,131470,60],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131468,126496],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[56,131471,89831],{"href":89830},[288,131473,2054],{"id":2053},[20,131475,131476,131477,60],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131478,126496],{},[350,131480,131482],{"id":131481},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131484,131485],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[62,131487,131489],{"className":64,"code":131488,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131490,131491,131524],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131492,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131494,34811],{"class":77},[71,131496,82],{"class":81},[71,131498,3683],{"class":99},[71,131500,45033],{"class":103},[71,131502,805],{"class":117},[71,131504,131505],{"class":117}," {}",[71,131507,89986],{"class":103},[71,131509,3184],{"class":99},[71,131511,60],{"class":89},[71,131513,130216],{"class":133},[71,131515,90],{"class":89},[71,131517,3184],{"class":99},[71,131519,1470],{"class":103},[71,131521,3184],{"class":99},[71,131523,121],{"class":89},[71,131525,131526,131528,131530,131532],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131527,128],{"class":127},[71,131529,90],{"class":89},[71,131531,34832],{"class":133},[71,131533,121],{"class":89},[20,131535,131536],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131538,131539],{},"Fixed version:",[62,131541,131543],{"className":64,"code":131542,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131544,131545,131586],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131546,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575,131577,131579,131582,131584],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131548,34811],{"class":77},[71,131550,82],{"class":81},[71,131552,3683],{"class":99},[71,131554,45033],{"class":103},[71,131556,805],{"class":117},[71,131558,131505],{"class":117},[71,131560,89986],{"class":103},[71,131562,3184],{"class":99},[71,131564,60],{"class":89},[71,131566,130216],{"class":133},[71,131568,90],{"class":89},[71,131570,3184],{"class":99},[71,131572,1470],{"class":103},[71,131574,3184],{"class":99},[71,131576,109],{"class":89},[71,131578,3683],{"class":99},[71,131580,131581],{"class":103},"Lee",[71,131583,3184],{"class":99},[71,131585,121],{"class":89},[71,131587,131588,131590,131592,131594],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131589,128],{"class":127},[71,131591,90],{"class":89},[71,131593,34832],{"class":133},[71,131595,121],{"class":89},[350,131597,131599],{"id":131598},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131601,131602,131603,60],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131604,126496],{},[20,131606,131607],{},"Problem:",[62,131609,131611],{"className":64,"code":131610,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131612,131613,131647],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131614,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131616,34811],{"class":77},[71,131618,82],{"class":81},[71,131620,3683],{"class":99},[71,131622,45033],{"class":103},[71,131624,130833],{"class":117},[71,131626,89986],{"class":103},[71,131628,3184],{"class":99},[71,131630,60],{"class":89},[71,131632,130216],{"class":133},[71,131634,90],{"class":89},[71,131636,8324],{"class":93},[71,131638,82],{"class":81},[71,131640,3184],{"class":99},[71,131642,1470],{"class":103},[71,131644,3184],{"class":99},[71,131646,121],{"class":89},[71,131648,131649,131651,131653,131655],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131650,128],{"class":127},[71,131652,90],{"class":89},[71,131654,34832],{"class":133},[71,131656,121],{"class":89},[20,131658,131539],{},[62,131660,131662],{"className":64,"code":131661,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131663,131664,131698],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131665,131666,131668,131670,131672,131674,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694,131696],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131667,34811],{"class":77},[71,131669,82],{"class":81},[71,131671,3683],{"class":99},[71,131673,45033],{"class":103},[71,131675,130833],{"class":117},[71,131677,89986],{"class":103},[71,131679,3184],{"class":99},[71,131681,60],{"class":89},[71,131683,130216],{"class":133},[71,131685,90],{"class":89},[71,131687,94],{"class":93},[71,131689,82],{"class":81},[71,131691,3184],{"class":99},[71,131693,1470],{"class":103},[71,131695,3184],{"class":99},[71,131697,121],{"class":89},[71,131699,131700,131702,131704,131706],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131701,128],{"class":127},[71,131703,90],{"class":89},[71,131705,34832],{"class":133},[71,131707,121],{"class":89},[350,131709,8794,131711,131713],{"id":131710},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131712,126496],{}," to change the original string",[20,131715,131716,131718],{},[15,131717,126496],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131720,131607],{},[62,131722,131724],{"className":64,"code":131723,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131725,131726,131740,131758],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131727,131728,131730,131732,131734,131736,131738],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131729,34811],{"class":77},[71,131731,82],{"class":81},[71,131733,3683],{"class":99},[71,131735,45033],{"class":103},[71,131737,805],{"class":117},[71,131739,3689],{"class":99},[71,131741,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131743,34832],{"class":77},[71,131745,60],{"class":89},[71,131747,130216],{"class":133},[71,131749,90],{"class":89},[71,131751,3184],{"class":99},[71,131753,1470],{"class":103},[71,131755,3184],{"class":99},[71,131757,121],{"class":89},[71,131759,131760,131762,131764,131766],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,131761,128],{"class":127},[71,131763,90],{"class":89},[71,131765,34832],{"class":133},[71,131767,121],{"class":89},[20,131769,131770],{},[30,131771,209],{},[62,131773,131775],{"className":64,"code":131774,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131776,131777],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131778,131779,131781,131783],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131780,34991],{"class":77},[71,131782,109],{"class":89},[71,131784,799],{"class":89},[20,131786,131539],{},[62,131788,131790],{"className":64,"code":131789,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131791,131792,131806,131828],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131793,131794,131796,131798,131800,131802,131804],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131795,34811],{"class":77},[71,131797,82],{"class":81},[71,131799,3683],{"class":99},[71,131801,45033],{"class":103},[71,131803,805],{"class":117},[71,131805,3689],{"class":99},[71,131807,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131809,34811],{"class":77},[71,131811,82],{"class":81},[71,131813,42972],{"class":77},[71,131815,60],{"class":89},[71,131817,130216],{"class":133},[71,131819,90],{"class":89},[71,131821,3184],{"class":99},[71,131823,1470],{"class":103},[71,131825,3184],{"class":99},[71,131827,121],{"class":89},[71,131829,131830,131832,131834,131836],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,131831,128],{"class":127},[71,131833,90],{"class":89},[71,131835,34832],{"class":133},[71,131837,121],{"class":89},[350,131839,5041,131841,131843],{"id":131840},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131842,126496],{}," returns a new string",[20,131845,131846],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[350,131848,131850],{"id":131849},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131852,131853],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131855,131856,131857,131859],{},"Use simple ",[15,131858,805],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131861,131862,131863,60],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[56,131864,90544],{"href":90543},[288,131866,68033],{"id":68032},[20,131868,131869],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[62,131871,131873],{"className":64,"code":131872,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131874,131875,131885,131899,131928],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,131876,131877,131879,131881,131883],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,131878,128],{"class":127},[71,131880,90],{"class":89},[71,131882,34832],{"class":133},[71,131884,121],{"class":89},[71,131886,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,131888,128],{"class":127},[71,131890,90],{"class":89},[71,131892,735],{"class":85},[71,131894,90],{"class":89},[71,131896,2804],{"class":133},[71,131898,204],{"class":89},[71,131900,131901,131903,131905,131907,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,131902,128],{"class":127},[71,131904,90],{"class":89},[71,131906,3184],{"class":99},[71,131908,131909],{"class":103},"Hello ",[71,131911,805],{"class":117},[71,131913,3184],{"class":99},[71,131915,60],{"class":89},[71,131917,130216],{"class":133},[71,131919,90],{"class":89},[71,131921,3184],{"class":99},[71,131923,1470],{"class":103},[71,131925,3184],{"class":99},[71,131927,204],{"class":89},[71,131929,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,131931,32274],{"class":127},[71,131933,90],{"class":89},[71,131935,3775],{"class":85},[71,131937,60],{"class":89},[71,131939,130216],{"class":24868},[71,131941,121],{"class":89},[20,131943,131944],{},"Use them to check:",[40,131946,131947,131950,131953,131956],{},[43,131948,131949],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[43,131951,131952],{},"what type your value has",[43,131954,131955],{},"whether a small test example works",[43,131957,131958,131959],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131960,131961],{},"str.format",[288,131963,2163],{"id":2162},[350,131965,129997,131967,12825],{"id":131966},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131968,126496],{},[20,131970,131971],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[350,131973,131975],{"id":131974},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131977,131978,131979,131981],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131980,805],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[350,131983,131985,131986,2172],{"id":131984},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131987,126496],{},[20,131989,131990,131991,131994],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131992,131993],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[350,131996,15015,131998,132000],{"id":131997},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131999,126496],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132002,132003,132004,132006],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132005,126496],{}," is still useful and common.",[288,132008,2221],{"id":2220},[40,132010,132011,132015,132019,132025,132031],{},[43,132012,132013],{},[56,132014,125248],{"href":51109},[43,132016,132017],{},[56,132018,90821],{"href":89830},[43,132020,132021],{},[56,132022,13,132023,3841],{"href":46581},[15,132024,46584],{},[43,132026,132027],{},[56,132028,13,132029,3841],{"href":42305},[15,132030,47816],{},[43,132032,132033],{},[56,132034,90544],{"href":90543},[2250,132036,132037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":132039},[132040,132041,132043,132044,132045,132046,132047,132048,132050,132059,132060,132069],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":130283,"depth":124,"text":132042},"What the format() method does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":130564,"depth":124,"text":130565},{"id":130826,"depth":124,"text":130827},{"id":131057,"depth":124,"text":131058},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":131360,"depth":124,"text":132049},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":132051},[132052,132053,132054,132056,132058],{"id":131481,"depth":139,"text":131482},{"id":131598,"depth":139,"text":131599},{"id":131710,"depth":139,"text":132055},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131840,"depth":139,"text":132057},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131849,"depth":139,"text":131850},{"id":68032,"depth":124,"text":68033},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":132061},[132062,132064,132065,132067],{"id":131966,"depth":139,"text":132063},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131974,"depth":139,"text":131975},{"id":131984,"depth":139,"text":132066},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131997,"depth":139,"text":132068},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130143,"description":132070},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132077,"title":132078,"body":132079,"description":133559,"extension":2292,"meta":133560,"navigation":142,"path":133561,"seo":133562,"stem":133563,"__hash__":133564},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132080,"toc":133531},[132081,132086,132091,132096,132098,132160,132167,132173,132178,132180,132196,132198,132269,132271,132285,132288,132338,132340,132342,132369,132372,132387,132390,132431,132434,132479,132486,132535,132537,132545,132547,132565,132567,132660,132668,132709,132714,132721,132727,132734,132737,132741,132842,132844,132866,132870,132923,132926,132929,132935,132942,132944,132983,132985,133003,133013,133020,133103,133106,133113,133120,133127,133131,133139,133185,133189,133198,133263,133268,133273,133284,133286,133291,133318,133320,133423,133426,133446,133448,133453,133456,133460,133464,133471,133480,133486,133489,133495,133497,133499,133528],[10,132082,123493,132084,11428],{"id":132083},"python-string-index-method",[15,132085,59104],{},[20,132087,123498,132088,132090],{},[15,132089,59104],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132092,132093,132094,60],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132095,40833],{},[288,132097,2334],{"id":2333},[62,132099,132101],{"className":64,"code":132100,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132102,132103,132115,132137,132147,132151,132155],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132104,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132106,34811],{"class":77},[71,132108,82],{"class":81},[71,132110,3683],{"class":99},[71,132112,60543],{"class":103},[71,132114,3689],{"class":99},[71,132116,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132118,65057],{"class":77},[71,132120,82],{"class":81},[71,132122,42972],{"class":77},[71,132124,60],{"class":89},[71,132126,35971],{"class":133},[71,132128,90],{"class":89},[71,132130,3184],{"class":99},[71,132132,60728],{"class":103},[71,132134,3184],{"class":99},[71,132136,121],{"class":89},[71,132138,132139,132141,132143,132145],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,132140,128],{"class":127},[71,132142,90],{"class":89},[71,132144,65084],{"class":133},[71,132146,121],{"class":89},[71,132148,132149],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,132150,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,132152,132153],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,132154,90962],{"class":1439},[71,132156,132157],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,132158,132159],{"class":1439},"# 6\n",[20,132161,283,132162,132164,132165,60],{},[15,132163,59104],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132166,40833],{},[288,132168,291,132170,294],{"id":132169},"what-strindex-does",[15,132171,132172],{},"str.index()",[20,132174,132175,132177],{},[15,132176,132172],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132179,13162],{},[40,132181,132182,132185,132188,132191],{},[43,132183,132184],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[43,132186,132187],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[43,132189,132190],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[43,132192,30414,132193,132195],{},[15,132194,40833],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132197,2537],{},[62,132199,132201],{"className":64,"code":132200,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132202,132203,132215,132219,132244],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132204,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132206,34811],{"class":77},[71,132208,82],{"class":81},[71,132210,3683],{"class":99},[71,132212,4423],{"class":103},[71,132214,3689],{"class":99},[71,132216,132217],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132218,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,132220,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,132222,128],{"class":127},[71,132224,90],{"class":89},[71,132226,34832],{"class":133},[71,132228,60],{"class":89},[71,132230,35971],{"class":133},[71,132232,90],{"class":89},[71,132234,3184],{"class":99},[71,132236,56],{"class":103},[71,132238,3184],{"class":99},[71,132240,5697],{"class":89},[71,132242,132243],{"class":1439},"     # 1\n",[71,132245,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,132247,128],{"class":127},[71,132249,90],{"class":89},[71,132251,34832],{"class":133},[71,132253,60],{"class":89},[71,132255,35971],{"class":133},[71,132257,90],{"class":89},[71,132259,3184],{"class":99},[71,132261,123586],{"class":103},[71,132263,3184],{"class":99},[71,132265,5697],{"class":89},[71,132267,132268],{"class":1439},"    # 2\n",[20,132270,2507],{},[40,132272,132273,132279],{},[43,132274,132275,128706,132277],{},[15,132276,18211],{},[15,132278,3320],{},[43,132280,132281,128706,132283],{},[15,132282,128705],{},[15,132284,630],{},[20,132286,132287],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[62,132289,132291],{"className":64,"code":132290,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132292,132293,132305,132309,132333],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132294,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132296,34811],{"class":77},[71,132298,82],{"class":81},[71,132300,3683],{"class":99},[71,132302,34991],{"class":103},[71,132304,3689],{"class":99},[71,132306,132307],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132308,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,132310,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,132312,128],{"class":127},[71,132314,90],{"class":89},[71,132316,34832],{"class":133},[71,132318,60],{"class":89},[71,132320,35971],{"class":133},[71,132322,90],{"class":89},[71,132324,3184],{"class":99},[71,132326,51325],{"class":103},[71,132328,3184],{"class":99},[71,132330,5697],{"class":89},[71,132332,20884],{"class":1439},[71,132334,132335],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,132336,132337],{"class":1439},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[288,132339,343],{"id":342},[20,132341,2489],{},[62,132343,132345],{"className":64,"code":132344,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132346,132347],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132348,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132350,61311],{"class":77},[71,132352,60],{"class":89},[71,132354,35971],{"class":133},[71,132356,90],{"class":89},[71,132358,2804],{"class":133},[71,132360,109],{"class":89},[71,132362,36177],{"class":133},[71,132364,109],{"class":89},[71,132366,65178],{"class":133},[71,132368,121],{"class":89},[20,132370,132371],{},"Parameters:",[40,132373,132374,132378,132382],{},[43,132375,132376,123685],{},[15,132377,2804],{},[43,132379,132380,128752],{},[15,132381,36198],{},[43,132383,132384,132386],{},[15,132385,52795],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132388,132389],{},"You can use just the value:",[62,132391,132393],{"className":64,"code":132392,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132394,132395,132407],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132396,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132398,34811],{"class":77},[71,132400,82],{"class":81},[71,132402,3683],{"class":99},[71,132404,66],{"class":103},[71,132406,3689],{"class":99},[71,132408,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132410,128],{"class":127},[71,132412,90],{"class":89},[71,132414,34832],{"class":133},[71,132416,60],{"class":89},[71,132418,35971],{"class":133},[71,132420,90],{"class":89},[71,132422,3184],{"class":99},[71,132424,63424],{"class":103},[71,132426,3184],{"class":99},[71,132428,5697],{"class":89},[71,132430,51549],{"class":1439},[20,132432,132433],{},"Or include a start position:",[62,132435,132437],{"className":64,"code":132436,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132438,132439,132451],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132440,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132442,34811],{"class":77},[71,132444,82],{"class":81},[71,132446,3683],{"class":99},[71,132448,4423],{"class":103},[71,132450,3689],{"class":99},[71,132452,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132454,128],{"class":127},[71,132456,90],{"class":89},[71,132458,34832],{"class":133},[71,132460,60],{"class":89},[71,132462,35971],{"class":133},[71,132464,90],{"class":89},[71,132466,3184],{"class":99},[71,132468,56],{"class":103},[71,132470,3184],{"class":99},[71,132472,109],{"class":89},[71,132474,183],{"class":117},[71,132476,5697],{"class":89},[71,132478,50904],{"class":1439},[20,132480,132481,132482,1560,132484,228],{},"Or include both ",[15,132483,36198],{},[15,132485,52795],{},[62,132487,132489],{"className":64,"code":132488,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132490,132491,132503],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132492,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132494,34811],{"class":77},[71,132496,82],{"class":81},[71,132498,3683],{"class":99},[71,132500,4423],{"class":103},[71,132502,3689],{"class":99},[71,132504,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132506,128],{"class":127},[71,132508,90],{"class":89},[71,132510,34832],{"class":133},[71,132512,60],{"class":89},[71,132514,35971],{"class":133},[71,132516,90],{"class":89},[71,132518,3184],{"class":99},[71,132520,56],{"class":103},[71,132522,3184],{"class":99},[71,132524,109],{"class":89},[71,132526,183],{"class":117},[71,132528,109],{"class":89},[71,132530,4941],{"class":117},[71,132532,5697],{"class":89},[71,132534,50904],{"class":1439},[288,132536,38148],{"id":38147},[20,132538,28828,132539,132541,132542,60],{},[15,132540,59104],{}," is a ",[30,132543,132544],{},"zero-based index",[20,132546,2436],{},[40,132548,132549,132555,132560],{},[43,132550,132551,132552,132554],{},"Index ",[15,132553,2449],{}," is the first character",[43,132556,132551,132557,132559],{},[15,132558,3320],{}," is the second character",[43,132561,132551,132562,132564],{},[15,132563,630],{}," is the third character",[20,132566,2537],{},[62,132568,132570],{"className":64,"code":132569,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132571,132572,132584,132588,132612,132636],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132573,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132575,34811],{"class":77},[71,132577,82],{"class":81},[71,132579,3683],{"class":99},[71,132581,37174],{"class":103},[71,132583,3689],{"class":99},[71,132585,132586],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132587,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,132589,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,132591,128],{"class":127},[71,132593,90],{"class":89},[71,132595,34832],{"class":133},[71,132597,60],{"class":89},[71,132599,35971],{"class":133},[71,132601,90],{"class":89},[71,132603,3184],{"class":99},[71,132605,694],{"class":103},[71,132607,3184],{"class":99},[71,132609,5697],{"class":89},[71,132611,51381],{"class":1439},[71,132613,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,132615,128],{"class":127},[71,132617,90],{"class":89},[71,132619,34832],{"class":133},[71,132621,60],{"class":89},[71,132623,35971],{"class":133},[71,132625,90],{"class":89},[71,132627,3184],{"class":99},[71,132629,56],{"class":103},[71,132631,3184],{"class":99},[71,132633,5697],{"class":89},[71,132635,27899],{"class":1439},[71,132637,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,132639,128],{"class":127},[71,132641,90],{"class":89},[71,132643,34832],{"class":133},[71,132645,60],{"class":89},[71,132647,35971],{"class":133},[71,132649,90],{"class":89},[71,132651,3184],{"class":99},[71,132653,63424],{"class":103},[71,132655,3184],{"class":99},[71,132657,5697],{"class":89},[71,132659,51549],{"class":1439},[20,132661,132662,132664,132665,132667],{},[15,132663,59104],{}," returns only the ",[30,132666,30029],{}," matching position.",[62,132669,132671],{"className":64,"code":132670,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132672,132673,132685],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132674,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132676,34811],{"class":77},[71,132678,82],{"class":81},[71,132680,3683],{"class":99},[71,132682,4423],{"class":103},[71,132684,3689],{"class":99},[71,132686,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132688,128],{"class":127},[71,132690,90],{"class":89},[71,132692,34832],{"class":133},[71,132694,60],{"class":89},[71,132696,35971],{"class":133},[71,132698,90],{"class":89},[71,132700,3184],{"class":99},[71,132702,56],{"class":103},[71,132704,3184],{"class":99},[71,132706,5697],{"class":89},[71,132708,27899],{"class":1439},[20,132710,21094,132711,132713],{},[15,132712,18211],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132715,132716,132717,60],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[56,132718,132719,1709],{"href":124943},[15,132720,58726],{},[288,132722,8758,132723,1560,132725],{"id":65544},[15,132724,36198],{},[15,132726,52795],{},[20,132728,2309,132729,1560,132731,132733],{},[15,132730,36198],{},[15,132732,52795],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132735,132736],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132738,46172,132739,228],{},[15,132740,36198],{},[62,132742,132744],{"className":64,"code":132743,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132745,132746,132758,132762,132786,132814],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132747,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132749,34811],{"class":77},[71,132751,82],{"class":81},[71,132753,3683],{"class":99},[71,132755,4423],{"class":103},[71,132757,3689],{"class":99},[71,132759,132760],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132761,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,132763,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,132765,128],{"class":127},[71,132767,90],{"class":89},[71,132769,34832],{"class":133},[71,132771,60],{"class":89},[71,132773,35971],{"class":133},[71,132775,90],{"class":89},[71,132777,3184],{"class":99},[71,132779,56],{"class":103},[71,132781,3184],{"class":99},[71,132783,5697],{"class":89},[71,132785,51254],{"class":1439},[71,132787,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796,132798,132800,132802,132804,132806,132808,132810,132812],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,132789,128],{"class":127},[71,132791,90],{"class":89},[71,132793,34832],{"class":133},[71,132795,60],{"class":89},[71,132797,35971],{"class":133},[71,132799,90],{"class":89},[71,132801,3184],{"class":99},[71,132803,56],{"class":103},[71,132805,3184],{"class":99},[71,132807,109],{"class":89},[71,132809,183],{"class":117},[71,132811,5697],{"class":89},[71,132813,51103],{"class":1439},[71,132815,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,132817,128],{"class":127},[71,132819,90],{"class":89},[71,132821,34832],{"class":133},[71,132823,60],{"class":89},[71,132825,35971],{"class":133},[71,132827,90],{"class":89},[71,132829,3184],{"class":99},[71,132831,56],{"class":103},[71,132833,3184],{"class":99},[71,132835,109],{"class":89},[71,132837,2788],{"class":117},[71,132839,5697],{"class":89},[71,132841,50887],{"class":1439},[20,132843,20073],{},[40,132845,132846,132853,132859],{},[43,132847,132848,132849,65734,132851],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132850,18211],{},[15,132852,3320],{},[43,132854,132855,132856,132858],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132857,630],{}," skips that first match",[43,132860,132855,132861,132863,132864],{},[15,132862,2836],{}," finds the last ",[15,132865,18211],{},[20,132867,46172,132868,228],{},[15,132869,52795],{},[62,132871,132873],{"className":64,"code":132872,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132874,132875,132887,132891],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132876,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132878,34811],{"class":77},[71,132880,82],{"class":81},[71,132882,3683],{"class":99},[71,132884,4423],{"class":103},[71,132886,3689],{"class":99},[71,132888,132889],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132890,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,132892,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,132894,128],{"class":127},[71,132896,90],{"class":89},[71,132898,34832],{"class":133},[71,132900,60],{"class":89},[71,132902,35971],{"class":133},[71,132904,90],{"class":89},[71,132906,3184],{"class":99},[71,132908,76168],{"class":103},[71,132910,3184],{"class":99},[71,132912,109],{"class":89},[71,132914,4165],{"class":117},[71,132916,109],{"class":89},[71,132918,2788],{"class":117},[71,132920,5697],{"class":89},[71,132922,51549],{"class":1439},[20,132924,132925],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132927,132928],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[288,132930,44344,132932,132934],{"id":132931},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132933,59104],{}," causes an error",[20,132936,132937,132938,52629,132940,60],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132939,59104],{},[15,132941,40833],{},[20,132943,2537],{},[62,132945,132947],{"className":64,"code":132946,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132948,132949,132961],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132950,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132952,34811],{"class":77},[71,132954,82],{"class":81},[71,132956,3683],{"class":99},[71,132958,4177],{"class":103},[71,132960,3689],{"class":99},[71,132962,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,132964,128],{"class":127},[71,132966,90],{"class":89},[71,132968,34832],{"class":133},[71,132970,60],{"class":89},[71,132972,35971],{"class":133},[71,132974,90],{"class":89},[71,132976,3184],{"class":99},[71,132978,22194],{"class":103},[71,132980,3184],{"class":99},[71,132982,204],{"class":89},[20,132984,209],{},[62,132986,132988],{"className":64,"code":132987,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132989,132990],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,132991,132992,132994,132996,132999,133001],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,132993,40833],{"class":85},[71,132995,228],{"class":89},[71,132997,132998],{"class":77}," substring ",[71,133000,4967],{"class":81},[71,133002,65967],{"class":77},[20,133004,53476,133005,126459,133010,133012],{},[56,133006,133007],{"href":130137},[15,133008,133009],{},"str.find()",[15,133011,65992],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133014,133015,133016,1560,133018,228],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133017,29924],{},[15,133019,29955],{},[62,133021,133023],{"className":64,"code":133022,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133024,133025,133037,133041,133047,133070,133080,133088],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133026,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133028,34811],{"class":77},[71,133030,82],{"class":81},[71,133032,3683],{"class":99},[71,133034,4177],{"class":103},[71,133036,3689],{"class":99},[71,133038,133039],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,133040,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,133042,133043,133045],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,133044,29924],{"class":4209},[71,133046,6731],{"class":89},[71,133048,133049,133052,133054,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,133050,133051],{"class":77},"    position ",[71,133053,82],{"class":81},[71,133055,42972],{"class":77},[71,133057,60],{"class":89},[71,133059,35971],{"class":133},[71,133061,90],{"class":89},[71,133063,3184],{"class":99},[71,133065,22194],{"class":103},[71,133067,3184],{"class":99},[71,133069,121],{"class":89},[71,133071,133072,133074,133076,133078],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,133073,8408],{"class":127},[71,133075,90],{"class":89},[71,133077,65084],{"class":133},[71,133079,121],{"class":89},[71,133081,133082,133084,133086],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,133083,29955],{"class":4209},[71,133085,42056],{"class":85},[71,133087,6731],{"class":89},[71,133089,133090,133092,133094,133096,133099,133101],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,133091,8408],{"class":127},[71,133093,90],{"class":89},[71,133095,3184],{"class":99},[71,133097,133098],{"class":103},"Substring not found",[71,133100,3184],{"class":99},[71,133102,121],{"class":89},[20,133104,133105],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133107,42076,133108,60],{},[56,133109,25798,133111],{"href":133110},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133112,129464],{},[288,133114,133116,1552,133118],{"id":133115},"index-vs-find",[15,133117,59104],{},[15,133119,124488],{},[20,133121,133122,1560,133124,133126],{},[15,133123,59104],{},[15,133125,124488],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[350,133128,133129],{"id":35971},[15,133130,59104],{},[40,133132,133133,133136],{},[43,133134,133135],{},"Returns the first match position",[43,133137,133138],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[62,133140,133142],{"className":64,"code":133141,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133143,133144,133156,133180],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133145,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133147,34811],{"class":77},[71,133149,82],{"class":81},[71,133151,3683],{"class":99},[71,133153,4177],{"class":103},[71,133155,3689],{"class":99},[71,133157,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,133159,128],{"class":127},[71,133161,90],{"class":89},[71,133163,34832],{"class":133},[71,133165,60],{"class":89},[71,133167,35971],{"class":133},[71,133169,90],{"class":89},[71,133171,3184],{"class":99},[71,133173,60584],{"class":103},[71,133175,3184],{"class":99},[71,133177,5697],{"class":89},[71,133179,27899],{"class":1439},[71,133181,133182],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,133183,133184],{"class":1439},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[350,133186,133187],{"id":128518},[15,133188,124488],{},[40,133190,133191,133193],{},[43,133192,133135],{},[43,133194,11530,133195,133197],{},[15,133196,65992],{}," if nothing is found",[62,133199,133201],{"className":64,"code":133200,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133202,133203,133215,133239],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133204,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133206,34811],{"class":77},[71,133208,82],{"class":81},[71,133210,3683],{"class":99},[71,133212,4177],{"class":103},[71,133214,3689],{"class":99},[71,133216,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,133218,128],{"class":127},[71,133220,90],{"class":89},[71,133222,34832],{"class":133},[71,133224,60],{"class":89},[71,133226,128518],{"class":133},[71,133228,90],{"class":89},[71,133230,3184],{"class":99},[71,133232,60584],{"class":103},[71,133234,3184],{"class":99},[71,133236,5697],{"class":89},[71,133238,27899],{"class":1439},[71,133240,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,133242,128],{"class":127},[71,133244,90],{"class":89},[71,133246,34832],{"class":133},[71,133248,60],{"class":89},[71,133250,128518],{"class":133},[71,133252,90],{"class":89},[71,133254,3184],{"class":99},[71,133256,22194],{"class":103},[71,133258,3184],{"class":99},[71,133260,5697],{"class":89},[71,133262,128874],{"class":1439},[20,133264,283,133265,133267],{},[15,133266,59104],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133269,283,133270,133272],{},[15,133271,124488],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133274,133275,133276,3209,133281,60],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[56,133277,133278,133280],{"href":130137},[15,133279,133009],{}," method reference",[56,133282,127529],{"href":133283},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[288,133285,2054],{"id":2053},[20,133287,133288,133289,228],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133290,59104],{},[40,133292,133293,133296,133303,133308,133313],{},[43,133294,133295],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[43,133297,8794,133298,8797,133300,133302],{},[15,133299,59104],{},[15,133301,65992],{}," when no match exists",[43,133304,8758,133305,133307],{},[15,133306,59104],{}," on a value that may not be present",[43,133309,133310,133311],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133312,3320],{},[43,133314,4915,133315,133317],{},[15,133316,59104],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133319,62432],{},[62,133321,133323],{"className":64,"code":133322,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133324,133325,133335,133349,133371,133393],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133326,133327,133329,133331,133333],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133328,128],{"class":127},[71,133330,90],{"class":89},[71,133332,34832],{"class":133},[71,133334,121],{"class":89},[71,133336,133337,133339,133341,133343,133345,133347],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,133338,128],{"class":127},[71,133340,90],{"class":89},[71,133342,41909],{"class":127},[71,133344,90],{"class":89},[71,133346,34832],{"class":133},[71,133348,204],{"class":89},[71,133350,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,133352,128],{"class":127},[71,133354,90],{"class":89},[71,133356,34832],{"class":133},[71,133358,60],{"class":89},[71,133360,35971],{"class":133},[71,133362,90],{"class":89},[71,133364,3184],{"class":99},[71,133366,2804],{"class":103},[71,133368,3184],{"class":99},[71,133370,204],{"class":89},[71,133372,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383,133385,133387,133389,133391],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,133374,128],{"class":127},[71,133376,90],{"class":89},[71,133378,34832],{"class":133},[71,133380,60],{"class":89},[71,133382,128518],{"class":133},[71,133384,90],{"class":89},[71,133386,3184],{"class":99},[71,133388,2804],{"class":103},[71,133390,3184],{"class":99},[71,133392,204],{"class":89},[71,133394,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,133396,128],{"class":127},[71,133398,90],{"class":89},[71,133400,34832],{"class":133},[71,133402,60],{"class":89},[71,133404,35971],{"class":133},[71,133406,90],{"class":89},[71,133408,3184],{"class":99},[71,133410,2804],{"class":103},[71,133412,3184],{"class":99},[71,133414,109],{"class":89},[71,133416,36177],{"class":133},[71,133418,109],{"class":89},[71,133420,65178],{"class":133},[71,133422,204],{"class":89},[20,133424,133425],{},"Tips:",[40,133427,133428,133433,133438,133441],{},[43,133429,283,133430,133432],{},[15,133431,126415],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[43,133434,283,133435,133437],{},[15,133436,124488],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[43,133439,133440],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[43,133442,133443,133444],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133445,2449],{},[288,133447,2163],{"id":2162},[350,133449,129997,133451,12825],{"id":133450},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133452,59104],{},[20,133454,133455],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[350,133457,133459],{"id":133458},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133461,76996,133462,60],{},[15,133463,40833],{},[350,133465,2167,133467,1560,133469,2172],{"id":133466},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133468,59104],{},[15,133470,124488],{},[20,133472,133473,133475,133476,2728,133478,6970],{},[15,133474,59104],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133477,124488],{},[15,133479,65992],{},[350,133481,2184,133483,133485],{"id":133482},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133484,59104],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133487,133488],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[350,133490,133492,133493,124829],{"id":133491},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133494,59104],{},[20,133496,130022],{},[288,133498,2221],{"id":2220},[40,133500,133501,133507,133511,133516,133522],{},[43,133502,133503],{},[56,133504,133505,1709],{"href":130137},[15,133506,133009],{},[43,133508,133509],{},[56,133510,124892],{"href":133283},[43,133512,133513],{},[56,133514,130098],{"href":133515},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[43,133517,133518],{},[56,133519,133520,1709],{"href":124943},[15,133521,58726],{},[43,133523,133524],{},[56,133525,30468,133526],{"href":133110},[15,133527,129464],{},[2250,133529,133530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":133532},[133533,133534,133536,133537,133538,133539,133541,133546,133547,133558],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":132169,"depth":124,"text":133535},"What str.index() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":38147,"depth":124,"text":38148},{"id":65544,"depth":124,"text":66327},{"id":132931,"depth":124,"text":133540},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133115,"depth":124,"text":133542,"children":133543},"index() vs find()",[133544,133545],{"id":35971,"depth":139,"text":59104},{"id":128518,"depth":139,"text":124488},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":133548},[133549,133551,133552,133554,133556],{"id":133450,"depth":139,"text":133550},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133458,"depth":139,"text":133459},{"id":133466,"depth":139,"text":133553},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133482,"depth":139,"text":133555},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133491,"depth":139,"text":133557},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132078,"description":133559},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133566,"title":133567,"body":133568,"description":136343,"extension":2292,"meta":136344,"navigation":142,"path":136345,"seo":136346,"stem":136347,"__hash__":136348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133569,"toc":136279},[133570,133576,133581,133584,133587,133598,133600,133669,133671,133685,133690,133695,133700,133702,133745,133747,133830,133832,133878,133884,133886,133888,133908,133910,133933,133935,134009,134011,134030,134035,134037,134041,134113,134115,134129,134133,134209,134211,134230,134234,134328,134330,134339,134346,134422,134424,134442,134446,134449,134456,134505,134507,134516,134523,134582,134584,134602,134605,134612,134671,134673,134691,134698,134755,134757,134766,134770,134775,134779,134838,134840,134858,134862,134909,134914,134917,134986,134988,135005,135012,135018,135073,135078,135081,135158,135160,135178,135184,135190,135250,135252,135271,135277,135280,135287,135340,135345,135347,135408,135417,135424,135426,135483,135488,135490,135561,135565,135620,135622,135631,135636,135642,135711,135713,135745,135751,135759,135766,135772,135837,135839,135848,135854,135935,135937,135946,135951,135965,135972,135976,135981,136009,136011,136144,136147,136184,136186,136192,136201,136206,136209,136214,136219,136225,136228,136237,136240,136242,136271,136276],[10,133571,123493,133573,11428],{"id":133572},"python-string-join-method",[15,133574,133575],{},"join()",[20,133577,123498,133578,133580],{},[15,133579,133575],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133582,133583],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133585,133586],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[40,133588,133589,133595],{},[43,133590,133591,133592,133594],{},"You call ",[15,133593,133575],{}," on the separator string",[43,133596,133597],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[288,133599,3940],{"id":3939},[62,133601,133603],{"className":64,"code":133602,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133604,133605,133638,133659],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133606,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631,133634,133636],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133608,4405],{"class":77},[71,133610,82],{"class":81},[71,133612,1740],{"class":89},[71,133614,3184],{"class":99},[71,133616,7637],{"class":103},[71,133618,3184],{"class":99},[71,133620,109],{"class":89},[71,133622,3683],{"class":99},[71,133624,12302],{"class":103},[71,133626,3184],{"class":99},[71,133628,109],{"class":89},[71,133630,3683],{"class":99},[71,133632,133633],{"class":103},"fun",[71,133635,3184],{"class":99},[71,133637,1757],{"class":89},[71,133639,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133653,133655,133657],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,133641,1102],{"class":77},[71,133643,82],{"class":81},[71,133645,3683],{"class":99},[71,133647,3683],{"class":99},[71,133649,60],{"class":89},[71,133651,133652],{"class":133},"join",[71,133654,90],{"class":89},[71,133656,4449],{"class":133},[71,133658,121],{"class":89},[71,133660,133661,133663,133665,133667],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,133662,128],{"class":127},[71,133664,90],{"class":89},[71,133666,2594],{"class":133},[71,133668,121],{"class":89},[20,133670,209],{},[62,133672,133674],{"className":64,"code":133673,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Python is fun\n",[15,133675,133676],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133677,133678,133680,133682],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133679,13],{"class":77},[71,133681,12302],{"class":81},[71,133683,133684],{"class":77}," fun\n",[20,133686,283,133687,133689],{},[15,133688,133575],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[288,133691,291,133693,294],{"id":133692},"what-join-does",[15,133694,133575],{},[20,133696,133697,133699],{},[15,133698,133575],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133701,11565],{},[40,133703,133704,133711,133739,133742],{},[43,133705,133706,133707,133710],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133708,133709],{},".join()"," as the separator",[43,133712,133713,133714],{},"Common separators are:\n",[40,133715,133716,133722,133728,133734],{},[43,133717,133718,133721],{},[15,133719,133720],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[43,133723,133724,133727],{},[15,133725,133726],{},"\", \""," for commas",[43,133729,133730,133733],{},[15,133731,133732],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[43,133735,133736,133738],{},[15,133737,6609],{}," for no separator",[43,133740,133741],{},"It returns a new string",[43,133743,133744],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133746,2537],{},[62,133748,133750],{"className":64,"code":133749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133751,133752,133784,133806,133810,133820],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133753,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133755,4405],{"class":77},[71,133757,82],{"class":81},[71,133759,1740],{"class":89},[71,133761,3184],{"class":99},[71,133763,13203],{"class":103},[71,133765,3184],{"class":99},[71,133767,109],{"class":89},[71,133769,3683],{"class":99},[71,133771,17570],{"class":103},[71,133773,3184],{"class":99},[71,133775,109],{"class":89},[71,133777,3683],{"class":99},[71,133779,13220],{"class":103},[71,133781,3184],{"class":99},[71,133783,1757],{"class":89},[71,133785,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802,133804],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,133787,1102],{"class":77},[71,133789,82],{"class":81},[71,133791,3683],{"class":99},[71,133793,2518],{"class":103},[71,133795,3184],{"class":99},[71,133797,60],{"class":89},[71,133799,133652],{"class":133},[71,133801,90],{"class":89},[71,133803,4449],{"class":133},[71,133805,121],{"class":89},[71,133807,133808],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,133809,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,133811,133812,133814,133816,133818],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,133813,128],{"class":127},[71,133815,90],{"class":89},[71,133817,2594],{"class":133},[71,133819,121],{"class":89},[71,133821,133822,133824,133826,133828],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,133823,128],{"class":127},[71,133825,90],{"class":89},[71,133827,4449],{"class":133},[71,133829,121],{"class":89},[20,133831,209],{},[62,133833,133835],{"className":64,"code":133834,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133836,133837,133850],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133838,133839,133841,133843,133846,133848],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133840,13203],{"class":77},[71,133842,109],{"class":89},[71,133844,133845],{"class":77}," green",[71,133847,109],{"class":89},[71,133849,36006],{"class":77},[71,133851,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,133853,4234],{"class":89},[71,133855,100],{"class":99},[71,133857,13203],{"class":103},[71,133859,100],{"class":99},[71,133861,109],{"class":89},[71,133863,231],{"class":99},[71,133865,17570],{"class":103},[71,133867,100],{"class":99},[71,133869,109],{"class":89},[71,133871,231],{"class":99},[71,133873,13220],{"class":103},[71,133875,100],{"class":99},[71,133877,1757],{"class":89},[20,133879,133880,133881,133883],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133882,133575],{}," creates a new string.",[288,133885,343],{"id":342},[20,133887,7558],{},[62,133889,133891],{"className":64,"code":133890,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133892,133893],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133894,133895,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133896,133897],{"class":77},"separator",[71,133899,60],{"class":89},[71,133901,133652],{"class":133},[71,133903,90],{"class":89},[71,133905,4052],{"class":133},[71,133907,121],{"class":89},[350,133909,49143],{"id":49142},[40,133911,133912,133925,133930],{},[43,133913,133914,133916,133917,2518,133919,2518,133921,2522,133923],{},[15,133915,133897],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133918,133720],{},[15,133920,133726],{},[15,133922,133732],{},[15,133924,6609],{},[43,133926,133927,133929],{},[15,133928,4052],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[43,133931,133932],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133934,2537],{},[62,133936,133938],{"className":64,"code":133937,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133939,133940,133972,133995,133999],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,133941,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,133943,5332],{"class":77},[71,133945,82],{"class":81},[71,133947,1740],{"class":89},[71,133949,3184],{"class":99},[71,133951,12990],{"class":103},[71,133953,3184],{"class":99},[71,133955,109],{"class":89},[71,133957,3683],{"class":99},[71,133959,36066],{"class":103},[71,133961,3184],{"class":99},[71,133963,109],{"class":89},[71,133965,3683],{"class":99},[71,133967,36075],{"class":103},[71,133969,3184],{"class":99},[71,133971,1757],{"class":89},[71,133973,133974,133976,133978,133980,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,133975,1102],{"class":77},[71,133977,82],{"class":81},[71,133979,3683],{"class":99},[71,133981,133982],{"class":103}," | ",[71,133984,3184],{"class":99},[71,133986,60],{"class":89},[71,133988,133652],{"class":133},[71,133990,90],{"class":89},[71,133992,5375],{"class":133},[71,133994,121],{"class":89},[71,133996,133997],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,133998,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,134000,134001,134003,134005,134007],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,134002,128],{"class":127},[71,134004,90],{"class":89},[71,134006,2594],{"class":133},[71,134008,121],{"class":89},[20,134010,209],{},[62,134012,134014],{"className":64,"code":134013,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134015,134016],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134017,134018,134021,134023,134026,134028],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134019,134020],{"class":77},"Ana ",[71,134022,114000],{"class":81},[71,134024,134025],{"class":77}," Ben ",[71,134027,114000],{"class":81},[71,134029,36147],{"class":77},[20,134031,134032,134033,60],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[56,134034,125248],{"href":51109},[288,134036,122024],{"id":122023},[350,134038,134040],{"id":134039},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[62,134042,134044],{"className":64,"code":134043,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134045,134046,134079,134099,134103],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134047,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134075,134077],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134049,4405],{"class":77},[71,134051,82],{"class":81},[71,134053,1740],{"class":89},[71,134055,3184],{"class":99},[71,134057,7637],{"class":103},[71,134059,3184],{"class":99},[71,134061,109],{"class":89},[71,134063,3683],{"class":99},[71,134065,12302],{"class":103},[71,134067,3184],{"class":99},[71,134069,109],{"class":89},[71,134071,3683],{"class":99},[71,134073,134074],{"class":103},"easy",[71,134076,3184],{"class":99},[71,134078,1757],{"class":89},[71,134080,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134082,1102],{"class":77},[71,134084,82],{"class":81},[71,134086,3683],{"class":99},[71,134088,3683],{"class":99},[71,134090,60],{"class":89},[71,134092,133652],{"class":133},[71,134094,90],{"class":89},[71,134096,4449],{"class":133},[71,134098,121],{"class":89},[71,134100,134101],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,134102,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,134104,134105,134107,134109,134111],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,134106,128],{"class":127},[71,134108,90],{"class":89},[71,134110,2594],{"class":133},[71,134112,121],{"class":89},[20,134114,209],{},[62,134116,134118],{"className":64,"code":134117,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Python is easy\n",[15,134119,134120],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134121,134122,134124,134126],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134123,13],{"class":77},[71,134125,12302],{"class":81},[71,134127,134128],{"class":77}," easy\n",[350,134130,134132],{"id":134131},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[62,134134,134136],{"className":64,"code":134135,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134137,134138,134173,134195,134199],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134139,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134151,134153,134155,134157,134160,134162,134164,134166,134169,134171],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134141,1735],{"class":77},[71,134143,82],{"class":81},[71,134145,1740],{"class":89},[71,134147,3184],{"class":99},[71,134149,134150],{"class":103},"apples",[71,134152,3184],{"class":99},[71,134154,109],{"class":89},[71,134156,3683],{"class":99},[71,134158,134159],{"class":103},"bananas",[71,134161,3184],{"class":99},[71,134163,109],{"class":89},[71,134165,3683],{"class":99},[71,134167,134168],{"class":103},"oranges",[71,134170,3184],{"class":99},[71,134172,1757],{"class":89},[71,134174,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134176,1102],{"class":77},[71,134178,82],{"class":81},[71,134180,3683],{"class":99},[71,134182,2518],{"class":103},[71,134184,3184],{"class":99},[71,134186,60],{"class":89},[71,134188,133652],{"class":133},[71,134190,90],{"class":89},[71,134192,1770],{"class":133},[71,134194,121],{"class":89},[71,134196,134197],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,134198,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,134200,134201,134203,134205,134207],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,134202,128],{"class":127},[71,134204,90],{"class":89},[71,134206,2594],{"class":133},[71,134208,121],{"class":89},[20,134210,209],{},[62,134212,134214],{"className":64,"code":134213,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134215,134216],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134217,134218,134220,134222,134225,134227],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134219,134150],{"class":77},[71,134221,109],{"class":89},[71,134223,134224],{"class":77}," bananas",[71,134226,109],{"class":89},[71,134228,134229],{"class":77}," oranges\n",[350,134231,134233],{"id":134232},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[62,134235,134237],{"className":64,"code":134236,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134238,134239,134296,134314,134318],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134240,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134242,36216],{"class":77},[71,134244,82],{"class":81},[71,134246,1740],{"class":89},[71,134248,3184],{"class":99},[71,134250,134251],{"class":103},"P",[71,134253,3184],{"class":99},[71,134255,109],{"class":89},[71,134257,3683],{"class":99},[71,134259,11853],{"class":103},[71,134261,3184],{"class":99},[71,134263,109],{"class":89},[71,134265,3683],{"class":99},[71,134267,63424],{"class":103},[71,134269,3184],{"class":99},[71,134271,109],{"class":89},[71,134273,3683],{"class":99},[71,134275,60575],{"class":103},[71,134277,3184],{"class":99},[71,134279,109],{"class":89},[71,134281,3683],{"class":99},[71,134283,60610],{"class":103},[71,134285,3184],{"class":99},[71,134287,109],{"class":89},[71,134289,3683],{"class":99},[71,134291,76168],{"class":103},[71,134293,3184],{"class":99},[71,134295,1757],{"class":89},[71,134297,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134299,1102],{"class":77},[71,134301,82],{"class":81},[71,134303,6463],{"class":99},[71,134305,60],{"class":89},[71,134307,133652],{"class":133},[71,134309,90],{"class":89},[71,134311,36269],{"class":133},[71,134313,121],{"class":89},[71,134315,134316],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,134317,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,134319,134320,134322,134324,134326],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,134321,128],{"class":127},[71,134323,90],{"class":89},[71,134325,2594],{"class":133},[71,134327,121],{"class":89},[20,134329,209],{},[62,134331,134333],{"className":64,"code":134332,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Python\n",[15,134334,134335],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134336,134337],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134338,134332],{"class":77},[350,134340,134342,134343,134345],{"id":134341},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134344,133575],{}," returns the result",[62,134347,134349],{"className":64,"code":134348,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134350,134351,134384,134407,134411],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134352,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377,134380,134382],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134354,4405],{"class":77},[71,134356,82],{"class":81},[71,134358,1740],{"class":89},[71,134360,3184],{"class":99},[71,134362,6924],{"class":103},[71,134364,3184],{"class":99},[71,134366,109],{"class":89},[71,134368,3683],{"class":99},[71,134370,79409],{"class":103},[71,134372,3184],{"class":99},[71,134374,109],{"class":89},[71,134376,3683],{"class":99},[71,134378,134379],{"class":103},"three",[71,134381,3184],{"class":99},[71,134383,1757],{"class":89},[71,134385,134386,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134387,134388],{"class":77},"joined_text ",[71,134390,82],{"class":81},[71,134392,3683],{"class":99},[71,134394,2353],{"class":103},[71,134396,3184],{"class":99},[71,134398,60],{"class":89},[71,134400,133652],{"class":133},[71,134402,90],{"class":89},[71,134404,4449],{"class":133},[71,134406,121],{"class":89},[71,134408,134409],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,134410,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,134412,134413,134415,134417,134420],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,134414,128],{"class":127},[71,134416,90],{"class":89},[71,134418,134419],{"class":133},"joined_text",[71,134421,121],{"class":89},[20,134423,209],{},[62,134425,134427],{"className":64,"code":134426,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"one-two-three\n",[15,134428,134429],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134430,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134432,6924],{"class":77},[71,134434,2353],{"class":81},[71,134436,79409],{"class":77},[71,134438,2353],{"class":81},[71,134440,134441],{"class":77},"three\n",[288,134443,134445],{"id":134444},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134447,134448],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[350,134450,134452,134455],{"id":134451},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134453,134454],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[62,134457,134459],{"className":64,"code":134458,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134460,134461,134485],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134462,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134464,4405],{"class":77},[71,134466,82],{"class":81},[71,134468,1740],{"class":89},[71,134470,3184],{"class":99},[71,134472,4177],{"class":103},[71,134474,3184],{"class":99},[71,134476,109],{"class":89},[71,134478,3683],{"class":99},[71,134480,60728],{"class":103},[71,134482,3184],{"class":99},[71,134484,1757],{"class":89},[71,134486,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134488,128],{"class":127},[71,134490,90],{"class":89},[71,134492,3184],{"class":99},[71,134494,3683],{"class":99},[71,134496,60],{"class":89},[71,134498,133652],{"class":133},[71,134500,90],{"class":89},[71,134502,4449],{"class":133},[71,134504,204],{"class":89},[20,134506,209],{},[62,134508,134510],{"className":64,"code":134509,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"hello world\n",[15,134511,134512],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134513,134514],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134515,134509],{"class":77},[350,134517,134519,134522],{"id":134518},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134520,134521],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[62,134524,134526],{"className":64,"code":134525,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134527,134528,134560],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134529,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134531,13186],{"class":77},[71,134533,82],{"class":81},[71,134535,1740],{"class":89},[71,134537,3184],{"class":99},[71,134539,13203],{"class":103},[71,134541,3184],{"class":99},[71,134543,109],{"class":89},[71,134545,3683],{"class":99},[71,134547,13220],{"class":103},[71,134549,3184],{"class":99},[71,134551,109],{"class":89},[71,134553,3683],{"class":99},[71,134555,17570],{"class":103},[71,134557,3184],{"class":99},[71,134559,1757],{"class":89},[71,134561,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134563,128],{"class":127},[71,134565,90],{"class":89},[71,134567,3184],{"class":99},[71,134569,2518],{"class":103},[71,134571,3184],{"class":99},[71,134573,60],{"class":89},[71,134575,133652],{"class":133},[71,134577,90],{"class":89},[71,134579,17617],{"class":133},[71,134581,204],{"class":89},[20,134583,209],{},[62,134585,134587],{"className":64,"code":134586,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134588,134589],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134590,134591,134593,134595,134598,134600],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134592,13203],{"class":77},[71,134594,109],{"class":89},[71,134596,134597],{"class":77}," blue",[71,134599,109],{"class":89},[71,134601,35999],{"class":77},[20,134603,134604],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[350,134606,134608,134611],{"id":134607},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134609,134610],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[62,134613,134615],{"className":64,"code":134614,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134616,134617,134649],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134618,134619,134621,134623,134625,134627,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134620,42967],{"class":77},[71,134622,82],{"class":81},[71,134624,1740],{"class":89},[71,134626,3184],{"class":99},[71,134628,66],{"class":103},[71,134630,3184],{"class":99},[71,134632,109],{"class":89},[71,134634,3683],{"class":99},[71,134636,61311],{"class":103},[71,134638,3184],{"class":99},[71,134640,109],{"class":89},[71,134642,3683],{"class":99},[71,134644,133652],{"class":103},[71,134646,3184],{"class":99},[71,134648,1757],{"class":89},[71,134650,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134652,128],{"class":127},[71,134654,90],{"class":89},[71,134656,3184],{"class":99},[71,134658,2353],{"class":103},[71,134660,3184],{"class":99},[71,134662,60],{"class":89},[71,134664,133652],{"class":133},[71,134666,90],{"class":89},[71,134668,42999],{"class":133},[71,134670,204],{"class":89},[20,134672,209],{},[62,134674,134676],{"className":64,"code":134675,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"python-string-join\n",[15,134677,134678],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134679,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134681,66],{"class":77},[71,134683,2353],{"class":81},[71,134685,61311],{"class":77},[71,134687,2353],{"class":81},[71,134689,134690],{"class":77},"join\n",[350,134692,134694,134697],{"id":134693},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134695,134696],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[62,134699,134701],{"className":64,"code":134700,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134702,134703,134736],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134704,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134732,134734],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134706,113072],{"class":77},[71,134708,82],{"class":81},[71,134710,1740],{"class":89},[71,134712,3184],{"class":99},[71,134714,22362],{"class":103},[71,134716,3184],{"class":99},[71,134718,109],{"class":89},[71,134720,3683],{"class":99},[71,134722,30721],{"class":103},[71,134724,3184],{"class":99},[71,134726,109],{"class":89},[71,134728,3683],{"class":99},[71,134730,134731],{"class":103},"C",[71,134733,3184],{"class":99},[71,134735,1757],{"class":89},[71,134737,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134753],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134739,128],{"class":127},[71,134741,90],{"class":89},[71,134743,6609],{"class":99},[71,134745,60],{"class":89},[71,134747,133652],{"class":133},[71,134749,90],{"class":89},[71,134751,134752],{"class":133},"chars",[71,134754,204],{"class":89},[20,134756,209],{},[62,134758,134760],{"className":64,"code":134759,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"ABC\n",[15,134761,134762],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134763,134764],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134765,134759],{"class":34576},[288,134767,134769],{"id":134768},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134771,134772,134774],{},[15,134773,133575],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[350,134776,134778],{"id":134777},"this-works","This works",[62,134780,134782],{"className":64,"code":134781,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134783,134784,134816],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134785,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134787,4154],{"class":77},[71,134789,82],{"class":81},[71,134791,1740],{"class":89},[71,134793,3184],{"class":99},[71,134795,2661],{"class":103},[71,134797,3184],{"class":99},[71,134799,109],{"class":89},[71,134801,3683],{"class":99},[71,134803,15867],{"class":103},[71,134805,3184],{"class":99},[71,134807,109],{"class":89},[71,134809,3683],{"class":99},[71,134811,36968],{"class":103},[71,134813,3184],{"class":99},[71,134815,1757],{"class":89},[71,134817,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134819,128],{"class":127},[71,134821,90],{"class":89},[71,134823,3184],{"class":99},[71,134825,2518],{"class":103},[71,134827,3184],{"class":99},[71,134829,60],{"class":89},[71,134831,133652],{"class":133},[71,134833,90],{"class":89},[71,134835,5694],{"class":133},[71,134837,204],{"class":89},[20,134839,209],{},[62,134841,134843],{"className":64,"code":134842,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134844,134845],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134846,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134848,2661],{"class":117},[71,134850,109],{"class":89},[71,134852,8129],{"class":117},[71,134854,109],{"class":89},[71,134856,134857],{"class":117}," 30\n",[350,134859,134861],{"id":134860},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[62,134863,134865],{"className":64,"code":134864,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134866,134867,134887],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134868,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134870,4154],{"class":77},[71,134872,82],{"class":81},[71,134874,1740],{"class":89},[71,134876,3320],{"class":117},[71,134878,109],{"class":89},[71,134880,183],{"class":117},[71,134882,109],{"class":89},[71,134884,701],{"class":117},[71,134886,1757],{"class":89},[71,134888,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134890,128],{"class":127},[71,134892,90],{"class":89},[71,134894,3184],{"class":99},[71,134896,2518],{"class":103},[71,134898,3184],{"class":99},[71,134900,60],{"class":89},[71,134902,133652],{"class":133},[71,134904,90],{"class":89},[71,134906,5694],{"class":133},[71,134908,204],{"class":89},[20,134910,90449,134911,134913],{},[15,134912,3337],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134915,134916],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[62,134918,134920],{"className":64,"code":134919,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134921,134922,134942,134972,134976],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134923,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134925,4154],{"class":77},[71,134927,82],{"class":81},[71,134929,1740],{"class":89},[71,134931,3320],{"class":117},[71,134933,109],{"class":89},[71,134935,183],{"class":117},[71,134937,109],{"class":89},[71,134939,701],{"class":117},[71,134941,1757],{"class":89},[71,134943,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,134945,1102],{"class":77},[71,134947,82],{"class":81},[71,134949,3683],{"class":99},[71,134951,2518],{"class":103},[71,134953,3184],{"class":99},[71,134955,60],{"class":89},[71,134957,133652],{"class":133},[71,134959,90],{"class":89},[71,134961,39988],{"class":127},[71,134963,90],{"class":89},[71,134965,3775],{"class":85},[71,134967,109],{"class":89},[71,134969,4219],{"class":133},[71,134971,204],{"class":89},[71,134973,134974],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,134975,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,134977,134978,134980,134982,134984],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,134979,128],{"class":127},[71,134981,90],{"class":89},[71,134983,2594],{"class":133},[71,134985,121],{"class":89},[20,134987,209],{},[62,134989,134991],{"className":64,"code":134990,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134992,134993],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,134994,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,134996,3320],{"class":117},[71,134998,109],{"class":89},[71,135000,183],{"class":117},[71,135002,109],{"class":89},[71,135004,2908],{"class":117},[20,135006,135007,135008,60],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[56,135009,13,135010,3841],{"href":42305},[15,135011,47816],{},[350,135013,135015,135017],{"id":135014},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135016,4110],{}," values do not work directly",[62,135019,135021],{"className":64,"code":135020,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135022,135023,135051],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135024,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135026,4154],{"class":77},[71,135028,82],{"class":81},[71,135030,1740],{"class":89},[71,135032,3184],{"class":99},[71,135034,4414],{"class":103},[71,135036,3184],{"class":99},[71,135038,109],{"class":89},[71,135040,4185],{"class":4184},[71,135042,109],{"class":89},[71,135044,3683],{"class":99},[71,135046,4423],{"class":103},[71,135048,3184],{"class":99},[71,135050,1757],{"class":89},[71,135052,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135054,128],{"class":127},[71,135056,90],{"class":89},[71,135058,3184],{"class":99},[71,135060,2518],{"class":103},[71,135062,3184],{"class":99},[71,135064,60],{"class":89},[71,135066,133652],{"class":133},[71,135068,90],{"class":89},[71,135070,5694],{"class":133},[71,135072,204],{"class":89},[20,135074,135075,135076,60],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135077,3337],{},[20,135079,135080],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[62,135082,135084],{"className":64,"code":135083,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135085,135086,135114,135144,135148],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135087,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135089,4154],{"class":77},[71,135091,82],{"class":81},[71,135093,1740],{"class":89},[71,135095,3184],{"class":99},[71,135097,4414],{"class":103},[71,135099,3184],{"class":99},[71,135101,109],{"class":89},[71,135103,4185],{"class":4184},[71,135105,109],{"class":89},[71,135107,3683],{"class":99},[71,135109,4423],{"class":103},[71,135111,3184],{"class":99},[71,135113,1757],{"class":89},[71,135115,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135117,1102],{"class":77},[71,135119,82],{"class":81},[71,135121,3683],{"class":99},[71,135123,2518],{"class":103},[71,135125,3184],{"class":99},[71,135127,60],{"class":89},[71,135129,133652],{"class":133},[71,135131,90],{"class":89},[71,135133,39988],{"class":127},[71,135135,90],{"class":89},[71,135137,3775],{"class":85},[71,135139,109],{"class":89},[71,135141,4219],{"class":133},[71,135143,204],{"class":89},[71,135145,135146],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,135147,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,135149,135150,135152,135154,135156],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,135151,128],{"class":127},[71,135153,90],{"class":89},[71,135155,2594],{"class":133},[71,135157,121],{"class":89},[20,135159,209],{},[62,135161,135163],{"className":64,"code":135162,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135164,135165],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135166,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135168,4414],{"class":77},[71,135170,109],{"class":89},[71,135172,4185],{"class":4184},[71,135174,109],{"class":89},[71,135176,135177],{"class":77}," banana\n",[20,135179,135180,135181,135183],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135182,4110],{}," values instead of converting them.",[350,135185,135187,135189],{"id":135186},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135188,133575],{}," also works with tuples",[62,135191,135193],{"className":64,"code":135192,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135194,135195,135227],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135196,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135198,5332],{"class":77},[71,135200,82],{"class":81},[71,135202,171],{"class":89},[71,135204,3184],{"class":99},[71,135206,1470],{"class":103},[71,135208,3184],{"class":99},[71,135210,109],{"class":89},[71,135212,3683],{"class":99},[71,135214,131581],{"class":103},[71,135216,3184],{"class":99},[71,135218,109],{"class":89},[71,135220,3683],{"class":99},[71,135222,8260],{"class":103},[71,135224,3184],{"class":99},[71,135226,121],{"class":89},[71,135228,135229,135231,135233,135235,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135230,128],{"class":127},[71,135232,90],{"class":89},[71,135234,3184],{"class":99},[71,135236,135237],{"class":103}," \u002F ",[71,135239,3184],{"class":99},[71,135241,60],{"class":89},[71,135243,133652],{"class":133},[71,135245,90],{"class":89},[71,135247,5375],{"class":133},[71,135249,204],{"class":89},[20,135251,209],{},[62,135253,135255],{"className":64,"code":135254,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135256,135257],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135258,135259,135262,135264,135267,135269],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135260,135261],{"class":77},"Sam ",[71,135263,127385],{"class":81},[71,135265,135266],{"class":77}," Lee ",[71,135268,127385],{"class":81},[71,135270,22451],{"class":77},[288,135272,135274,135275],{"id":135273},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135276,133575],{},[20,135278,135279],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[350,135281,135283,135284,135286],{"id":135282},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135285,3337],{}," because not all items are strings",[62,135288,135290],{"className":64,"code":135289,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135291,135292,135320],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135293,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135295,1735],{"class":77},[71,135297,82],{"class":81},[71,135299,1740],{"class":89},[71,135301,3184],{"class":99},[71,135303,56],{"class":103},[71,135305,3184],{"class":99},[71,135307,109],{"class":89},[71,135309,183],{"class":117},[71,135311,109],{"class":89},[71,135313,3683],{"class":99},[71,135315,694],{"class":103},[71,135317,3184],{"class":99},[71,135319,1757],{"class":89},[71,135321,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135323,128],{"class":127},[71,135325,90],{"class":89},[71,135327,3184],{"class":99},[71,135329,3683],{"class":99},[71,135331,60],{"class":89},[71,135333,133652],{"class":133},[71,135335,90],{"class":89},[71,135337,1770],{"class":133},[71,135339,204],{"class":89},[20,135341,48643,135342,135344],{},[15,135343,630],{}," is an integer.",[20,135346,39390],{},[62,135348,135350],{"className":64,"code":135349,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135351,135352,135380],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135353,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135355,1735],{"class":77},[71,135357,82],{"class":81},[71,135359,1740],{"class":89},[71,135361,3184],{"class":99},[71,135363,56],{"class":103},[71,135365,3184],{"class":99},[71,135367,109],{"class":89},[71,135369,183],{"class":117},[71,135371,109],{"class":89},[71,135373,3683],{"class":99},[71,135375,694],{"class":103},[71,135377,3184],{"class":99},[71,135379,1757],{"class":89},[71,135381,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135383,128],{"class":127},[71,135385,90],{"class":89},[71,135387,3184],{"class":99},[71,135389,3683],{"class":99},[71,135391,60],{"class":89},[71,135393,133652],{"class":133},[71,135395,90],{"class":89},[71,135397,39988],{"class":127},[71,135399,90],{"class":89},[71,135401,3775],{"class":85},[71,135403,109],{"class":89},[71,135405,6302],{"class":133},[71,135407,3243],{"class":89},[20,135409,135410,135411,60],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[56,135412,25798,135414],{"href":135413},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135415,135416],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[350,135418,135420,135421,135423],{"id":135419},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135422,133575],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135425,1725],{},[62,135427,135429],{"className":64,"code":135428,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135430,135431,135463],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135432,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135434,4405],{"class":77},[71,135436,82],{"class":81},[71,135438,1740],{"class":89},[71,135440,3184],{"class":99},[71,135442,7637],{"class":103},[71,135444,3184],{"class":99},[71,135446,109],{"class":89},[71,135448,3683],{"class":99},[71,135450,12302],{"class":103},[71,135452,3184],{"class":99},[71,135454,109],{"class":89},[71,135456,3683],{"class":99},[71,135458,133633],{"class":103},[71,135460,3184],{"class":99},[71,135462,1757],{"class":89},[71,135464,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135466,1102],{"class":77},[71,135468,82],{"class":81},[71,135470,6505],{"class":77},[71,135472,60],{"class":89},[71,135474,133652],{"class":133},[71,135476,90],{"class":89},[71,135478,3184],{"class":99},[71,135480,3683],{"class":99},[71,135482,121],{"class":89},[20,135484,135485,135487],{},[15,135486,133575],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135489,1781],{},[62,135491,135493],{"className":64,"code":135492,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135494,135495,135527,135547,135551],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135496,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135498,4405],{"class":77},[71,135500,82],{"class":81},[71,135502,1740],{"class":89},[71,135504,3184],{"class":99},[71,135506,7637],{"class":103},[71,135508,3184],{"class":99},[71,135510,109],{"class":89},[71,135512,3683],{"class":99},[71,135514,12302],{"class":103},[71,135516,3184],{"class":99},[71,135518,109],{"class":89},[71,135520,3683],{"class":99},[71,135522,133633],{"class":103},[71,135524,3184],{"class":99},[71,135526,1757],{"class":89},[71,135528,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135530,1102],{"class":77},[71,135532,82],{"class":81},[71,135534,3683],{"class":99},[71,135536,3683],{"class":99},[71,135538,60],{"class":89},[71,135540,133652],{"class":133},[71,135542,90],{"class":89},[71,135544,4449],{"class":133},[71,135546,121],{"class":89},[71,135548,135549],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,135550,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,135552,135553,135555,135557,135559],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,135554,128],{"class":127},[71,135556,90],{"class":89},[71,135558,2594],{"class":133},[71,135560,121],{"class":89},[350,135562,135564],{"id":135563},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[62,135566,135568],{"className":64,"code":135567,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135569,135570,135602],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135571,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135573,4405],{"class":77},[71,135575,82],{"class":81},[71,135577,1740],{"class":89},[71,135579,3184],{"class":99},[71,135581,6924],{"class":103},[71,135583,3184],{"class":99},[71,135585,109],{"class":89},[71,135587,3683],{"class":99},[71,135589,79409],{"class":103},[71,135591,3184],{"class":99},[71,135593,109],{"class":89},[71,135595,3683],{"class":99},[71,135597,134379],{"class":103},[71,135599,3184],{"class":99},[71,135601,1757],{"class":89},[71,135603,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135605,128],{"class":127},[71,135607,90],{"class":89},[71,135609,6609],{"class":99},[71,135611,60],{"class":89},[71,135613,133652],{"class":133},[71,135615,90],{"class":89},[71,135617,4449],{"class":133},[71,135619,204],{"class":89},[20,135621,209],{},[62,135623,135625],{"className":64,"code":135624,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"onetwothree\n",[15,135626,135627],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135628,135629],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135630,135624],{"class":77},[20,135632,135633,135634,6970],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135635,133720],{},[350,135637,135639,135640,131843],{"id":135638},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135641,133575],{},[62,135643,135645],{"className":64,"code":135644,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135646,135647,135679,135697,135701],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135648,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135650,4405],{"class":77},[71,135652,82],{"class":81},[71,135654,1740],{"class":89},[71,135656,3184],{"class":99},[71,135658,56],{"class":103},[71,135660,3184],{"class":99},[71,135662,109],{"class":89},[71,135664,3683],{"class":99},[71,135666,176],{"class":103},[71,135668,3184],{"class":99},[71,135670,109],{"class":89},[71,135672,3683],{"class":99},[71,135674,694],{"class":103},[71,135676,3184],{"class":99},[71,135678,1757],{"class":89},[71,135680,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135682,3184],{"class":43459},[71,135684,2353],{"class":43463},[71,135686,3184],{"class":43459},[71,135688,60],{"class":89},[71,135690,133652],{"class":133},[71,135692,90],{"class":89},[71,135694,4449],{"class":133},[71,135696,121],{"class":89},[71,135698,135699],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,135700,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,135702,135703,135705,135707,135709],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,135704,128],{"class":127},[71,135706,90],{"class":89},[71,135708,4449],{"class":133},[71,135710,121],{"class":89},[20,135712,209],{},[62,135714,135715],{"className":64,"code":43006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,135716,135717],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135718,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135720,4234],{"class":89},[71,135722,100],{"class":99},[71,135724,56],{"class":103},[71,135726,100],{"class":99},[71,135728,109],{"class":89},[71,135730,231],{"class":99},[71,135732,176],{"class":103},[71,135734,100],{"class":99},[71,135736,109],{"class":89},[71,135738,231],{"class":99},[71,135740,694],{"class":103},[71,135742,100],{"class":99},[71,135744,1757],{"class":89},[20,135746,135747,135748,135750],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135749,133575],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[288,135752,135754,135756,135757],{"id":135753},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135755,133575],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135758,2390],{},[20,135760,1557,135761,1560,135763,135765],{},[15,135762,133575],{},[15,135764,2390],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[350,135767,283,135769,135771],{"id":135768},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135770,2390],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[62,135773,135775],{"className":64,"code":135774,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135776,135777,135790,135803,135823,135827],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135778,135779,135782,135784,135786,135788],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135780,135781],{"class":77},"first ",[71,135783,82],{"class":81},[71,135785,3683],{"class":99},[71,135787,34991],{"class":103},[71,135789,3689],{"class":99},[71,135791,135792,135795,135797,135799,135801],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135793,135794],{"class":77},"second ",[71,135796,82],{"class":81},[71,135798,3683],{"class":99},[71,135800,89878],{"class":103},[71,135802,3689],{"class":99},[71,135804,135805,135807,135809,135812,135814,135816,135818,135820],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,135806,1102],{"class":77},[71,135808,82],{"class":81},[71,135810,135811],{"class":77}," first ",[71,135813,2390],{"class":81},[71,135815,3683],{"class":99},[71,135817,3683],{"class":99},[71,135819,2785],{"class":81},[71,135821,135822],{"class":77}," second\n",[71,135824,135825],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,135826,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,135828,135829,135831,135833,135835],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,135830,128],{"class":127},[71,135832,90],{"class":89},[71,135834,2594],{"class":133},[71,135836,121],{"class":89},[20,135838,209],{},[62,135840,135842],{"className":64,"code":135841,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Hello World\n",[15,135843,135844],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135845,135846],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135847,135841],{"class":77},[350,135849,283,135851,135853],{"id":135850},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135852,133575],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[62,135855,135857],{"className":64,"code":135856,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135858,135859,135901,135921,135925],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135860,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877,135880,135882,135884,135886,135889,135891,135893,135895,135897,135899],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135862,4405],{"class":77},[71,135864,82],{"class":81},[71,135866,1740],{"class":89},[71,135868,3184],{"class":99},[71,135870,7637],{"class":103},[71,135872,3184],{"class":99},[71,135874,109],{"class":89},[71,135876,3683],{"class":99},[71,135878,135879],{"class":103},"makes",[71,135881,3184],{"class":99},[71,135883,109],{"class":89},[71,135885,3683],{"class":99},[71,135887,135888],{"class":103},"this",[71,135890,3184],{"class":99},[71,135892,109],{"class":89},[71,135894,3683],{"class":99},[71,135896,134074],{"class":103},[71,135898,3184],{"class":99},[71,135900,1757],{"class":89},[71,135902,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,135904,1102],{"class":77},[71,135906,82],{"class":81},[71,135908,3683],{"class":99},[71,135910,3683],{"class":99},[71,135912,60],{"class":89},[71,135914,133652],{"class":133},[71,135916,90],{"class":89},[71,135918,4449],{"class":133},[71,135920,121],{"class":89},[71,135922,135923],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,135924,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,135926,135927,135929,135931,135933],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,135928,128],{"class":127},[71,135930,90],{"class":89},[71,135932,2594],{"class":133},[71,135934,121],{"class":89},[20,135936,209],{},[62,135938,135940],{"className":64,"code":135939,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135941,135942],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,135943,135944],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,135945,135939],{"class":77},[20,135947,135948,135950],{},[15,135949,133575],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[40,135952,135953,135956,135959],{},[43,135954,135955],{},"You already have a list of strings",[43,135957,135958],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[43,135960,135961,135962,135964],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135963,2390],{}," operators",[20,135966,135967,135968,60],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[56,135969,135971],{"href":135970},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[288,135973,135975],{"id":135974},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135977,9216,135978,135980],{},[15,135979,133575],{}," is not working, check these first:",[40,135982,135983,135986,135991,136000,136006],{},[43,135984,135985],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[43,135987,135988,135989],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135990,4110],{},[43,135992,135993,135994,2069,135997],{},"You may have written ",[15,135995,135996],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135998,135999],{},"string.join(...)",[43,136001,136002,136003,136005],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136004,133575],{}," to change the original iterable",[43,136007,136008],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136010,94518],{},[62,136012,136014],{"className":64,"code":136013,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136015,136016,136030,136040,136064,136104],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136017,136018,136020,136022,136024,136026,136028],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136019,128],{"class":127},[71,136021,90],{"class":89},[71,136023,735],{"class":85},[71,136025,90],{"class":89},[71,136027,1770],{"class":133},[71,136029,204],{"class":89},[71,136031,136032,136034,136036,136038],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136033,128],{"class":127},[71,136035,90],{"class":89},[71,136037,1770],{"class":133},[71,136039,121],{"class":89},[71,136041,136042,136044,136046,136048,136050,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,136043,128],{"class":127},[71,136045,3317],{"class":89},[71,136047,735],{"class":85},[71,136049,90],{"class":89},[71,136051,23428],{"class":133},[71,136053,3993],{"class":89},[71,136055,4210],{"class":4209},[71,136057,6297],{"class":133},[71,136059,4216],{"class":4209},[71,136061,6302],{"class":133},[71,136063,4222],{"class":89},[71,136065,136066,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078,136080,136082,136084,136086,136088,136090,136092,136094,136096,136098,136100,136102],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,136067,128],{"class":127},[71,136069,90],{"class":89},[71,136071,100],{"class":99},[71,136073,231],{"class":99},[71,136075,60],{"class":89},[71,136077,133652],{"class":133},[71,136079,3317],{"class":89},[71,136081,100],{"class":99},[71,136083,56],{"class":103},[71,136085,100],{"class":99},[71,136087,109],{"class":89},[71,136089,231],{"class":99},[71,136091,176],{"class":103},[71,136093,100],{"class":99},[71,136095,109],{"class":89},[71,136097,231],{"class":99},[71,136099,694],{"class":103},[71,136101,100],{"class":99},[71,136103,3331],{"class":89},[71,136105,136106,136108,136110,136112,136114,136116,136118,136120,136122,136124,136126,136128,136130,136132,136134,136136,136138,136140,136142],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,136107,128],{"class":127},[71,136109,90],{"class":89},[71,136111,100],{"class":99},[71,136113,2518],{"class":103},[71,136115,100],{"class":99},[71,136117,60],{"class":89},[71,136119,133652],{"class":133},[71,136121,90],{"class":89},[71,136123,39988],{"class":127},[71,136125,90],{"class":89},[71,136127,3775],{"class":85},[71,136129,109],{"class":89},[71,136131,1740],{"class":89},[71,136133,3320],{"class":117},[71,136135,109],{"class":89},[71,136137,183],{"class":117},[71,136139,109],{"class":89},[71,136141,701],{"class":117},[71,136143,37392],{"class":89},[20,136145,136146],{},"What these checks do:",[40,136148,136149,136157,136163,136169,136178],{},[43,136150,136151,136154,136155,8436],{},[15,136152,136153],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136156,1770],{},[43,136158,136159,136162],{},[15,136160,136161],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[43,136164,136165,136168],{},[15,136166,136167],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[43,136170,136171,136174,136175,136177],{},[15,136172,136173],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136176,133575],{}," behavior",[43,136179,136180,136183],{},[15,136181,136182],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[288,136185,2163],{"id":2162},[350,136187,12813,136189,136191],{"id":136188},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136190,133575],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136193,136194,136195,136197,136198,60],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136196,133575],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136199,136200],{},"map(str, values)",[350,136202,12813,136204,57299],{"id":136203},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136205,133575],{},[20,136207,136208],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[350,136210,28448,136212,62772],{"id":136211},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136213,133575],{},[20,136215,42282,136216,136218],{},[15,136217,133575],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[350,136220,5479,136222,40089],{"id":136221},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136223,136224],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136226,136227],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[350,136229,136231,136232,136234,136235,2172],{"id":136230},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136233,3337],{}," when using ",[15,136236,133575],{},[20,136238,136239],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[288,136241,2221],{"id":2220},[40,136243,136244,136249,136255,136261,136267],{},[43,136245,136246],{},[56,136247,136248],{"href":135970},"How to join strings in Python",[43,136250,136251],{},[56,136252,126493,136253,1709],{"href":129180},[15,136254,60668],{},[43,136256,136257],{},[56,136258,13,136259,3841],{"href":42305},[15,136260,47816],{},[43,136262,136263],{},[56,136264,30468,136265],{"href":135413},[15,136266,135416],{},[43,136268,136269],{},[56,136270,125248],{"href":51109},[20,136272,97488,136273,136275],{},[15,136274,133575],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2250,136277,136278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":136280},[136281,136282,136284,136287,136294,136304,136312,136322,136329,136330,136342],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":133692,"depth":124,"text":136283},"What join() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":136285},[136286],{"id":49142,"depth":139,"text":49143},{"id":122023,"depth":124,"text":122024,"children":136288},[136289,136290,136291,136292],{"id":134039,"depth":139,"text":134040},{"id":134131,"depth":139,"text":134132},{"id":134232,"depth":139,"text":134233},{"id":134341,"depth":139,"text":136293},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134444,"depth":124,"text":134445,"children":136295},[136296,136298,136300,136302],{"id":134451,"depth":139,"text":136297},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134518,"depth":139,"text":136299},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134607,"depth":139,"text":136301},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134693,"depth":139,"text":136303},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134768,"depth":124,"text":134769,"children":136305},[136306,136307,136308,136310],{"id":134777,"depth":139,"text":134778},{"id":134860,"depth":139,"text":134861},{"id":135014,"depth":139,"text":136309},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135186,"depth":139,"text":136311},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135273,"depth":124,"text":136313,"children":136314},"Common errors with join()",[136315,136317,136319,136320],{"id":135282,"depth":139,"text":136316},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135419,"depth":139,"text":136318},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135563,"depth":139,"text":135564},{"id":135638,"depth":139,"text":136321},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135753,"depth":124,"text":136323,"children":136324},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136325,136327],{"id":135768,"depth":139,"text":136326},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135850,"depth":139,"text":136328},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135974,"depth":124,"text":135975},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":136331},[136332,136334,136336,136338,136340],{"id":136188,"depth":139,"text":136333},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136203,"depth":139,"text":136335},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136211,"depth":139,"text":136337},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136221,"depth":139,"text":136339},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136230,"depth":139,"text":136341},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133567,"description":136343},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136350,"title":136351,"body":136352,"description":137920,"extension":2292,"meta":137921,"navigation":142,"path":137922,"seo":137923,"stem":137924,"__hash__":137925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136353,"toc":137887},[136354,136359,136364,136366,136380,136425,136432,136437,136442,136444,136460,136469,136471,136473,136488,136490,136500,136502,136564,136566,136569,136630,136632,136648,136650,136663,136666,136713,136715,136721,136724,136727,136787,136795,136881,136885,136890,136892,136906,136909,136994,136997,137055,137066,137121,137123,137130,137136,137142,137186,137189,137236,137238,137240,137247,137249,137280,137283,137285,137316,137320,137323,137325,137365,137367,137410,137416,137421,137423,137450,137455,137458,137507,137511,137514,137589,137600,137603,137660,137667,137673,137681,137686,137693,137700,137718,137720,137774,137782,137784,137789,137792,137798,137804,137809,137812,137818,137824,137831,137839,137841,137884],[10,136355,123493,136357,11428],{"id":136356},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136358,124223],{},[20,136360,123498,136361,136363],{},[15,136362,124223],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136365,24205],{},[40,136367,136368,136371,136374,136377],{},[43,136369,136370],{},"convert text to lowercase",[43,136372,136373],{},"compare text without case differences",[43,136375,136376],{},"clean up user input",[43,136378,136379],{},"make simple text matching easier",[62,136381,136383],{"className":64,"code":136382,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136384,136385,136398,136412],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136386,136387,136389,136391,136393,136396],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136388,34811],{"class":77},[71,136390,82],{"class":81},[71,136392,3683],{"class":99},[71,136394,136395],{"class":103},"Hello WORLD",[71,136397,3689],{"class":99},[71,136399,136400,136402,136404,136406,136408,136410],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136401,1102],{"class":77},[71,136403,82],{"class":81},[71,136405,42972],{"class":77},[71,136407,60],{"class":89},[71,136409,8982],{"class":133},[71,136411,369],{"class":89},[71,136413,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,136415,128],{"class":127},[71,136417,90],{"class":89},[71,136419,2594],{"class":133},[71,136421,3993],{"class":89},[71,136423,136424],{"class":1439},"  # hello world\n",[20,136426,136427,89101,136429,136431],{},[30,136428,83959],{},[15,136430,124223],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[288,136433,291,136435,294],{"id":136434},"what-lower-does",[15,136436,124223],{},[20,136438,136439,136441],{},[15,136440,124223],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136443,13162],{},[40,136445,136446,136451,136454,136457],{},[43,136447,136448,136450],{},[15,136449,124223],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[43,136452,136453],{},"It works on string objects",[43,136455,136456],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[43,136458,136459],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136461,125245,136462,136466,136467,60],{},[56,136463,136465],{"href":136464},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[56,136468,51110],{"href":51109},[288,136470,343],{"id":342},[20,136472,2489],{},[62,136474,136476],{"className":64,"code":136475,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.lower()\n",[15,136477,136478],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136479,136480,136482,136484,136486],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136481,61311],{"class":77},[71,136483,60],{"class":89},[71,136485,8982],{"class":133},[71,136487,369],{"class":89},[20,136489,43781],{},[40,136491,136492,136494,136497],{},[43,136493,97666],{},[43,136495,136496],{},"You call it directly on a string",[43,136498,136499],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136501,2537],{},[62,136503,136505],{"className":64,"code":136504,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136506,136507,136530,136534,136547],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136508,136509,136511,136513,136515,136518,136520,136522,136524,136527],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136510,128],{"class":127},[71,136512,90],{"class":89},[71,136514,3184],{"class":99},[71,136516,136517],{"class":103},"HELLO",[71,136519,3184],{"class":99},[71,136521,60],{"class":89},[71,136523,8982],{"class":133},[71,136525,136526],{"class":89},"())",[71,136528,136529],{"class":1439},"  # hello\n",[71,136531,136532],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136533,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,136535,136536,136538,136540,136542,136545],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,136537,8215],{"class":77},[71,136539,82],{"class":81},[71,136541,3683],{"class":99},[71,136543,136544],{"class":103},"PyThOn",[71,136546,3689],{"class":99},[71,136548,136549,136551,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,136550,128],{"class":127},[71,136552,90],{"class":89},[71,136554,94],{"class":133},[71,136556,60],{"class":89},[71,136558,8982],{"class":133},[71,136560,136526],{"class":89},[71,136562,136563],{"class":1439},"  # python\n",[288,136565,11582],{"id":11581},[20,136567,136568],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[62,136570,136572],{"className":64,"code":136571,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136573,136574,136586,136590,136605,136609,136620],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136575,136576,136578,136580,136582,136584],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136577,34811],{"class":77},[71,136579,82],{"class":81},[71,136581,3683],{"class":99},[71,136583,136395],{"class":103},[71,136585,3689],{"class":99},[71,136587,136588],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136589,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,136591,136592,136595,136597,136599,136601,136603],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,136593,136594],{"class":77},"lower_text ",[71,136596,82],{"class":81},[71,136598,42972],{"class":77},[71,136600,60],{"class":89},[71,136602,8982],{"class":133},[71,136604,369],{"class":89},[71,136606,136607],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,136608,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,136610,136611,136613,136615,136618],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,136612,128],{"class":127},[71,136614,90],{"class":89},[71,136616,136617],{"class":133},"lower_text",[71,136619,121],{"class":89},[71,136621,136622,136624,136626,136628],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,136623,128],{"class":127},[71,136625,90],{"class":89},[71,136627,34832],{"class":133},[71,136629,121],{"class":89},[20,136631,209],{},[62,136633,136635],{"className":64,"code":136634,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136636,136637,136641],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136638,136639],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136640,134509],{"class":77},[71,136642,136643,136645],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136644,131909],{"class":77},[71,136646,136647],{"class":34576},"WORLD\n",[20,136649,24725],{},[40,136651,136652,136657],{},[43,136653,136654,136656],{},[15,136655,124223],{}," returns the lowercase result",[43,136658,136659,136660,136662],{},"the original ",[15,136661,34832],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136664,136665],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[62,136667,136669],{"className":64,"code":136668,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136670,136671,136683,136697,136701],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136672,136673,136675,136677,136679,136681],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136674,34811],{"class":77},[71,136676,82],{"class":81},[71,136678,3683],{"class":99},[71,136680,136395],{"class":103},[71,136682,3689],{"class":99},[71,136684,136685,136687,136689,136691,136693,136695],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136686,34811],{"class":77},[71,136688,82],{"class":81},[71,136690,42972],{"class":77},[71,136692,60],{"class":89},[71,136694,8982],{"class":133},[71,136696,369],{"class":89},[71,136698,136699],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,136700,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,136702,136703,136705,136707,136709,136711],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,136704,128],{"class":127},[71,136706,90],{"class":89},[71,136708,34832],{"class":133},[71,136710,3993],{"class":89},[71,136712,136424],{"class":1439},[288,136714,17533],{"id":17532},[20,136716,136717,22092,136719,60],{},[15,136718,124223],{},[30,136720,61311],{},[20,136722,136723],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136725,136726],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[62,136728,136730],{"className":64,"code":136729,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136731,136732,136746,136750,136773],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136733,136734,136737,136739,136741,136744],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136735,136736],{"class":77},"answer ",[71,136738,82],{"class":81},[71,136740,3683],{"class":99},[71,136742,136743],{"class":103},"YES",[71,136745,3689],{"class":99},[71,136747,136748],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136749,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,136751,136752,136754,136757,136759,136761,136763,136765,136767,136769,136771],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,136753,7337],{"class":4209},[71,136755,136756],{"class":77}," answer",[71,136758,60],{"class":89},[71,136760,8982],{"class":133},[71,136762,7706],{"class":89},[71,136764,6746],{"class":81},[71,136766,3683],{"class":99},[71,136768,8999],{"class":103},[71,136770,3184],{"class":99},[71,136772,6731],{"class":89},[71,136774,136775,136777,136779,136781,136783,136785],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,136776,8408],{"class":127},[71,136778,90],{"class":89},[71,136780,3184],{"class":99},[71,136782,96975],{"class":103},[71,136784,3184],{"class":99},[71,136786,121],{"class":89},[20,136788,136789,136790,228],{},"This is especially useful with ",[56,136791,136792,136793,2633],{"href":8559},"the ",[15,136794,3289],{},[62,136796,136798],{"className":64,"code":136797,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136799,136800,136819,136823,136845,136860,136866],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136801,136802,136804,136806,136808,136810,136812,136815,136817],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136803,136736],{"class":77},[71,136805,82],{"class":81},[71,136807,8582],{"class":127},[71,136809,90],{"class":89},[71,136811,3184],{"class":99},[71,136813,136814],{"class":103},"Type yes or no: ",[71,136816,3184],{"class":99},[71,136818,121],{"class":89},[71,136820,136821],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136822,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,136824,136825,136827,136829,136831,136833,136835,136837,136839,136841,136843],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,136826,7337],{"class":4209},[71,136828,136756],{"class":77},[71,136830,60],{"class":89},[71,136832,8982],{"class":133},[71,136834,7706],{"class":89},[71,136836,6746],{"class":81},[71,136838,3683],{"class":99},[71,136840,8999],{"class":103},[71,136842,3184],{"class":99},[71,136844,6731],{"class":89},[71,136846,136847,136849,136851,136853,136856,136858],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,136848,8408],{"class":127},[71,136850,90],{"class":89},[71,136852,3184],{"class":99},[71,136854,136855],{"class":103},"You typed yes",[71,136857,3184],{"class":99},[71,136859,121],{"class":89},[71,136861,136862,136864],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,136863,27553],{"class":4209},[71,136865,6731],{"class":89},[71,136867,136868,136870,136872,136874,136877,136879],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,136869,8408],{"class":127},[71,136871,90],{"class":89},[71,136873,3184],{"class":99},[71,136875,136876],{"class":103},"You typed something else",[71,136878,3184],{"class":99},[71,136880,121],{"class":89},[288,136882,136884],{"id":136883},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136886,136887,136889],{},[15,136888,124223],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136891,7683],{},[40,136893,136894,136897,136900,136903],{},[43,136895,136896],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[43,136898,136899],{},"Make text matching easier",[43,136901,136902],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[43,136904,136905],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136907,136908],{},"Example: checking user input",[62,136910,136912],{"className":64,"code":136911,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136913,136914,136932,136936,136958,136973,136979],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,136915,136916,136918,136920,136922,136924,136926,136928,136930],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,136917,45090],{"class":77},[71,136919,82],{"class":81},[71,136921,8582],{"class":127},[71,136923,90],{"class":89},[71,136925,3184],{"class":99},[71,136927,45101],{"class":103},[71,136929,3184],{"class":99},[71,136931,121],{"class":89},[71,136933,136934],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,136935,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,136937,136938,136940,136942,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952,136954,136956],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,136939,7337],{"class":4209},[71,136941,35976],{"class":77},[71,136943,60],{"class":89},[71,136945,8982],{"class":133},[71,136947,7706],{"class":89},[71,136949,6746],{"class":81},[71,136951,3683],{"class":99},[71,136953,13220],{"class":103},[71,136955,3184],{"class":99},[71,136957,6731],{"class":89},[71,136959,136960,136962,136964,136966,136969,136971],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,136961,8408],{"class":127},[71,136963,90],{"class":89},[71,136965,3184],{"class":99},[71,136967,136968],{"class":103},"Nice choice!",[71,136970,3184],{"class":99},[71,136972,121],{"class":89},[71,136974,136975,136977],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,136976,27553],{"class":4209},[71,136978,6731],{"class":89},[71,136980,136981,136983,136985,136987,136990,136992],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,136982,8408],{"class":127},[71,136984,90],{"class":89},[71,136986,3184],{"class":99},[71,136988,136989],{"class":103},"Got it.",[71,136991,3184],{"class":99},[71,136993,121],{"class":89},[20,136995,136996],{},"Example: simple search",[62,136998,137000],{"className":64,"code":136999,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137001,137002,137015,137019,137040],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010,137013],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137005,90145],{"class":77},[71,137007,82],{"class":81},[71,137009,3683],{"class":99},[71,137011,137012],{"class":103},"Python Is Fun",[71,137014,3689],{"class":99},[71,137016,137017],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137018,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,137020,137021,137023,137025,137027,137029,137031,137034,137036,137038],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137022,7337],{"class":4209},[71,137024,3683],{"class":99},[71,137026,66],{"class":103},[71,137028,3184],{"class":99},[71,137030,21290],{"class":81},[71,137032,137033],{"class":77}," message",[71,137035,60],{"class":89},[71,137037,8982],{"class":133},[71,137039,21712],{"class":89},[71,137041,137042,137044,137046,137048,137051,137053],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,137043,8408],{"class":127},[71,137045,90],{"class":89},[71,137047,3184],{"class":99},[71,137049,137050],{"class":103},"Found it",[71,137052,3184],{"class":99},[71,137054,121],{"class":89},[20,137056,137057,137058,137060,137061,228],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137059,124223],{}," is often used with ",[56,137062,137064],{"href":137063},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137065,41783],{},[62,137067,137069],{"className":64,"code":137068,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137070,137071,137084,137103,137107],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137072,137073,137075,137077,137079,137082],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137074,8215],{"class":77},[71,137076,82],{"class":81},[71,137078,3683],{"class":99},[71,137080,137081],{"class":103},"  ALICE  ",[71,137083,3689],{"class":99},[71,137085,137086,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097,137099,137101],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137087,137088],{"class":77},"clean_name ",[71,137090,82],{"class":81},[71,137092,36117],{"class":77},[71,137094,60],{"class":89},[71,137096,8976],{"class":133},[71,137098,8979],{"class":89},[71,137100,8982],{"class":133},[71,137102,369],{"class":89},[71,137104,137105],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137106,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,137108,137109,137111,137113,137116,137118],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,137110,128],{"class":127},[71,137112,90],{"class":89},[71,137114,137115],{"class":133},"clean_name",[71,137117,3993],{"class":89},[71,137119,137120],{"class":1439},"  # alice\n",[288,137122,15709],{"id":15708},[20,137124,137125,137126,137129],{},"Strings are ",[30,137127,137128],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137131,137132,137133,137135],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137134,124223],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137137,137138,137139,137141],{},"So this does ",[30,137140,4967],{}," update the original variable:",[62,137143,137145],{"className":64,"code":137144,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137146,137147,137159,137169,137173],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137148,137149,137151,137153,137155,137157],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137150,34811],{"class":77},[71,137152,82],{"class":81},[71,137154,3683],{"class":99},[71,137156,136517],{"class":103},[71,137158,3689],{"class":99},[71,137160,137161,137163,137165,137167],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137162,34832],{"class":77},[71,137164,60],{"class":89},[71,137166,8982],{"class":133},[71,137168,369],{"class":89},[71,137170,137171],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137172,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,137174,137175,137177,137179,137181,137183],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,137176,128],{"class":127},[71,137178,90],{"class":89},[71,137180,34832],{"class":133},[71,137182,3993],{"class":89},[71,137184,137185],{"class":1439},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137187,137188],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[62,137190,137192],{"className":64,"code":137191,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137193,137194,137206,137220,137224],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137195,137196,137198,137200,137202,137204],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137197,34811],{"class":77},[71,137199,82],{"class":81},[71,137201,3683],{"class":99},[71,137203,136517],{"class":103},[71,137205,3689],{"class":99},[71,137207,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216,137218],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137209,34811],{"class":77},[71,137211,82],{"class":81},[71,137213,42972],{"class":77},[71,137215,60],{"class":89},[71,137217,8982],{"class":133},[71,137219,369],{"class":89},[71,137221,137222],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137223,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,137225,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,137227,128],{"class":127},[71,137229,90],{"class":89},[71,137231,34832],{"class":133},[71,137233,3993],{"class":89},[71,137235,136529],{"class":1439},[288,137237,2054],{"id":2053},[350,137239,25806],{"id":25805},[20,137241,137242,137243,2069,137245,60],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137244,8982],{},[15,137246,124223],{},[20,137248,16757],{},[62,137250,137252],{"className":64,"code":137251,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137253,137254,137266],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137255,137256,137258,137260,137262,137264],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137257,34811],{"class":77},[71,137259,82],{"class":81},[71,137261,3683],{"class":99},[71,137263,136517],{"class":103},[71,137265,3689],{"class":99},[71,137267,137268,137270,137272,137274,137276,137278],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137269,128],{"class":127},[71,137271,90],{"class":89},[71,137273,34832],{"class":133},[71,137275,60],{"class":89},[71,137277,8982],{"class":24868},[71,137279,121],{"class":89},[20,137281,137282],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137284,16769],{},[62,137286,137288],{"className":64,"code":137287,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137289,137290,137302],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137291,137292,137294,137296,137298,137300],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137293,34811],{"class":77},[71,137295,82],{"class":81},[71,137297,3683],{"class":99},[71,137299,136517],{"class":103},[71,137301,3689],{"class":99},[71,137303,137304,137306,137308,137310,137312,137314],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137305,128],{"class":127},[71,137307,90],{"class":89},[71,137309,34832],{"class":133},[71,137311,60],{"class":89},[71,137313,8982],{"class":133},[71,137315,7534],{"class":89},[350,137317,137319],{"id":137318},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137321,137322],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137324,16757],{},[62,137326,137328],{"className":64,"code":137327,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137329,137330,137342,137352],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137331,137332,137334,137336,137338,137340],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137333,34811],{"class":77},[71,137335,82],{"class":81},[71,137337,3683],{"class":99},[71,137339,136517],{"class":103},[71,137341,3689],{"class":99},[71,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137345,34832],{"class":77},[71,137347,60],{"class":89},[71,137349,8982],{"class":133},[71,137351,369],{"class":89},[71,137353,137354,137356,137358,137360,137362],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137355,128],{"class":127},[71,137357,90],{"class":89},[71,137359,34832],{"class":133},[71,137361,3993],{"class":89},[71,137363,137364],{"class":1439},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137366,16769],{},[62,137368,137370],{"className":64,"code":137369,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137371,137372,137384,137398],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137373,137374,137376,137378,137380,137382],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137375,34811],{"class":77},[71,137377,82],{"class":81},[71,137379,3683],{"class":99},[71,137381,136517],{"class":103},[71,137383,3689],{"class":99},[71,137385,137386,137388,137390,137392,137394,137396],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137387,34811],{"class":77},[71,137389,82],{"class":81},[71,137391,42972],{"class":77},[71,137393,60],{"class":89},[71,137395,8982],{"class":133},[71,137397,369],{"class":89},[71,137399,137400,137402,137404,137406,137408],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137401,128],{"class":127},[71,137403,90],{"class":89},[71,137405,34832],{"class":133},[71,137407,3993],{"class":89},[71,137409,136529],{"class":1439},[350,137411,8758,137413,137415],{"id":137412},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137414,124223],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137417,137418,137420],{},[15,137419,124223],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137422,16757],{},[62,137424,137426],{"className":64,"code":137425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137427,137428,137436],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137429,137430,137432,137434],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137431,2547],{"class":77},[71,137433,82],{"class":81},[71,137435,125175],{"class":117},[71,137437,137438,137440,137442,137444,137446,137448],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137439,128],{"class":127},[71,137441,90],{"class":89},[71,137443,2569],{"class":133},[71,137445,60],{"class":89},[71,137447,8982],{"class":133},[71,137449,7534],{"class":89},[20,137451,137452,137453,33723],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137454,124223],{},[20,137456,137457],{},"You can check the type first:",[62,137459,137461],{"className":64,"code":137460,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137462,137463,137475,137479,137493],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137464,137465,137467,137469,137471,137473],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137466,34811],{"class":77},[71,137468,82],{"class":81},[71,137470,3683],{"class":99},[71,137472,136517],{"class":103},[71,137474,3689],{"class":99},[71,137476,137477],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137478,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,137480,137481,137483,137485,137487,137489,137491],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137482,128],{"class":127},[71,137484,90],{"class":89},[71,137486,735],{"class":85},[71,137488,90],{"class":89},[71,137490,34832],{"class":133},[71,137492,204],{"class":89},[71,137494,137495,137497,137499,137501,137503,137505],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,137496,128],{"class":127},[71,137498,90],{"class":89},[71,137500,34832],{"class":133},[71,137502,60],{"class":89},[71,137504,8982],{"class":133},[71,137506,7534],{"class":89},[350,137508,137510],{"id":137509},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137512,137513],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[62,137515,137517],{"className":64,"code":137516,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137518,137519,137532,137536,137553,137568,137574],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137520,137521,137523,137525,137527,137530],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137522,136736],{"class":77},[71,137524,82],{"class":81},[71,137526,3683],{"class":99},[71,137528,137529],{"class":103},"Yes",[71,137531,3689],{"class":99},[71,137533,137534],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137535,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,137537,137538,137540,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137539,7337],{"class":4209},[71,137541,137542],{"class":77}," answer ",[71,137544,5025],{"class":81},[71,137546,3683],{"class":99},[71,137548,8999],{"class":103},[71,137550,3184],{"class":99},[71,137552,6731],{"class":89},[71,137554,137555,137557,137559,137561,137564,137566],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,137556,8408],{"class":127},[71,137558,90],{"class":89},[71,137560,3184],{"class":99},[71,137562,137563],{"class":103},"Match",[71,137565,3184],{"class":99},[71,137567,121],{"class":89},[71,137569,137570,137572],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,137571,27553],{"class":4209},[71,137573,6731],{"class":89},[71,137575,137576,137578,137580,137582,137585,137587],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,137577,8408],{"class":127},[71,137579,90],{"class":89},[71,137581,3184],{"class":99},[71,137583,137584],{"class":103},"No match",[71,137586,3184],{"class":99},[71,137588,121],{"class":89},[20,137590,29181,137591,1560,137594,137597,137598,60],{},[15,137592,137593],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137595,137596],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137599,137584],{},[20,137601,137602],{},"Better:",[62,137604,137606],{"className":64,"code":137605,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137607,137608,137620,137624,137646],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137609,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137611,136736],{"class":77},[71,137613,82],{"class":81},[71,137615,3683],{"class":99},[71,137617,137529],{"class":103},[71,137619,3689],{"class":99},[71,137621,137622],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137623,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,137625,137626,137628,137630,137632,137634,137636,137638,137640,137642,137644],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137627,7337],{"class":4209},[71,137629,136756],{"class":77},[71,137631,60],{"class":89},[71,137633,8982],{"class":133},[71,137635,7706],{"class":89},[71,137637,6746],{"class":81},[71,137639,3683],{"class":99},[71,137641,8999],{"class":103},[71,137643,3184],{"class":99},[71,137645,6731],{"class":89},[71,137647,137648,137650,137652,137654,137656,137658],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,137649,8408],{"class":127},[71,137651,90],{"class":89},[71,137653,3184],{"class":99},[71,137655,137563],{"class":103},[71,137657,3184],{"class":99},[71,137659,121],{"class":89},[350,137661,44344,137663,137666],{"id":137662},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137664,137665],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137668,137669,137670,137672],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137671,124223],{}," is enough.",[20,137674,137675,137676,137678,137679,60],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137677,137665],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137680,124223],{},[20,137682,137683,137684,122735],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137685,124223],{},[288,137687,137689,1552,137691],{"id":137688},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137690,124223],{},[15,137692,128371],{},[20,137694,137695,1560,137697,137699],{},[15,137696,124223],{},[15,137698,128371],{}," are very similar.",[40,137701,137702,137707,137712,137715],{},[43,137703,137704,137706],{},[15,137705,124223],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[43,137708,137709,137711],{},[15,137710,128371],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[43,137713,137714],{},"Both return new strings",[43,137716,137717],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137719,2537],{},[62,137721,137723],{"className":64,"code":137722,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137724,137725,137737,137741,137757],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137726,137727,137729,137731,137733,137735],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137728,34811],{"class":77},[71,137730,82],{"class":81},[71,137732,3683],{"class":99},[71,137734,129212],{"class":103},[71,137736,3689],{"class":99},[71,137738,137739],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137740,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,137742,137743,137745,137747,137749,137751,137753,137755],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,137744,128],{"class":127},[71,137746,90],{"class":89},[71,137748,34832],{"class":133},[71,137750,60],{"class":89},[71,137752,8982],{"class":133},[71,137754,136526],{"class":89},[71,137756,136424],{"class":1439},[71,137758,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137771],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,137760,128],{"class":127},[71,137762,90],{"class":89},[71,137764,34832],{"class":133},[71,137766,60],{"class":89},[71,137768,34601],{"class":133},[71,137770,136526],{"class":89},[71,137772,137773],{"class":1439},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137775,137776,137777,60],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[56,137778,126493,137780,1709],{"href":137779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137781,128371],{},[288,137783,2163],{"id":2162},[350,137785,12813,137787,124820],{"id":137786},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137788,124223],{},[20,137790,137791],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[350,137793,12813,137795,137797],{"id":137794},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137796,124223],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137799,137800,137801,60],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137802,137803],{},"string.lower()",[350,137805,5479,137807,12825],{"id":137806},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137808,124223],{},[20,137810,137811],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[350,137813,28448,137815,137817],{"id":137814},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137816,124223],{}," on user input?",[20,137819,137820,137821,137823],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137822,3289],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[350,137825,2167,137827,1560,137829,2172],{"id":137826},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137828,124223],{},[15,137830,137665],{},[20,137832,137833,137835,137836,137838],{},[15,137834,124223],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137837,137665],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[288,137840,2221],{"id":2220},[40,137842,137843,137847,137853,137859,137865,137869,137873,137879],{},[43,137844,137845],{},[56,137846,51110],{"href":51109},[43,137848,137849],{},[56,137850,126493,137851,1709],{"href":137779},[15,137852,128371],{},[43,137854,137855],{},[56,137856,126493,137857,1709],{"href":137063},[15,137858,41783],{},[43,137860,137861],{},[56,137862,126493,137863,1709],{"href":130074},[15,137864,124664],{},[43,137866,137867],{},[56,137868,124892],{"href":123748},[43,137870,137871],{},[56,137872,90821],{"href":89830},[43,137874,137875],{},[56,137876,13,137877,3841],{"href":8559},[15,137878,3289],{},[43,137880,137881],{},[56,137882,137883],{"href":136464},"What is a string in Python?",[2250,137885,137886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":137888},[137889,137891,137892,137893,137894,137895,137896,137905,137907,137919],{"id":136434,"depth":124,"text":137890},"What lower() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":136883,"depth":124,"text":136884},{"id":15708,"depth":124,"text":15709},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":137897},[137898,137899,137900,137902,137903],{"id":25805,"depth":139,"text":25806},{"id":137318,"depth":139,"text":137319},{"id":137412,"depth":139,"text":137901},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137509,"depth":139,"text":137510},{"id":137662,"depth":139,"text":137904},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137688,"depth":124,"text":137906},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":137908},[137909,137911,137913,137915,137917],{"id":137786,"depth":139,"text":137910},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137794,"depth":139,"text":137912},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137806,"depth":139,"text":137914},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137814,"depth":139,"text":137916},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137826,"depth":139,"text":137918},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136351,"description":137920},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137927,"title":137928,"body":137929,"description":139479,"extension":2292,"meta":139480,"navigation":142,"path":139481,"seo":139482,"stem":139483,"__hash__":139484},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137930,"toc":139440},[137931,137936,137941,137947,137962,137964,138024,138026,138035,138041,138046,138051,138053,138067,138071,138073,138120,138122,138140,138142,138145,138216,138218,138232,138235,138247,138256,138260,138265,138270,138274,138340,138342,138351,138355,138420,138422,138431,138434,138439,138443,138448,138452,138513,138515,138524,138528,138531,138587,138589,138598,138601,138614,138616,138620,138627,138689,138691,138704,138710,138713,138720,138725,138730,138733,138741,138743,138804,138806,138815,138818,138865,138868,138915,138917,138922,138939,138946,138951,139004,139006,139014,139016,139073,139075,139083,139087,139134,139136,139144,139152,139156,139204,139206,139215,139220,139271,139273,139282,139289,139292,139313,139315,139320,139323,139327,139330,139334,139337,139364,139370,139373,139400,139405,139407,139409,139437],[10,137932,123493,137934,11428],{"id":137933},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137935,124664],{},[20,137937,123498,137938,137940],{},[15,137939,124664],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137942,137943,137944,137946],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137945,124664],{},". You will learn:",[40,137948,137949,137953,137956,137959],{},[43,137950,26138,137951,294],{},[15,137952,124664],{},[43,137954,137955],{},"how its syntax works",[43,137957,137958],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[43,137960,137961],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[288,137963,2334],{"id":2333},[62,137965,137967],{"className":64,"code":137966,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137968,137969,137982,138014],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,137970,137971,137973,137975,137977,137980],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,137972,34811],{"class":77},[71,137974,82],{"class":81},[71,137976,3683],{"class":99},[71,137978,137979],{"class":103},"I like cats",[71,137981,3689],{"class":99},[71,137983,137984,137986,137988,137990,137992,137994,137996,137998,138001,138003,138005,138007,138010,138012],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,137985,130332],{"class":77},[71,137987,82],{"class":81},[71,137989,42972],{"class":77},[71,137991,60],{"class":89},[71,137993,35123],{"class":133},[71,137995,90],{"class":89},[71,137997,3184],{"class":99},[71,137999,138000],{"class":103},"cats",[71,138002,3184],{"class":99},[71,138004,109],{"class":89},[71,138006,3683],{"class":99},[71,138008,138009],{"class":103},"dogs",[71,138011,3184],{"class":99},[71,138013,121],{"class":89},[71,138015,138016,138018,138020,138022],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138017,128],{"class":127},[71,138019,90],{"class":89},[71,138021,130363],{"class":133},[71,138023,121],{"class":89},[20,138025,209],{},[62,138027,138029],{"className":64,"code":138028,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"I like dogs\n",[15,138030,138031],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138032,138033],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138034,138028],{"class":77},[20,138036,283,138037,138040],{},[15,138038,138039],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[288,138042,291,138044,294],{"id":138043},"what-replace-does",[15,138045,124664],{},[20,138047,138048,138050],{},[15,138049,124664],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138052,13162],{},[40,138054,138055,138057,138059,138062],{},[43,138056,133741],{},[43,138058,136459],{},[43,138060,138061],{},"It works on exact matches",[43,138063,138064,138065],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138066,41389],{},[20,138068,125245,138069,60],{},[56,138070,125248],{"href":51109},[288,138072,5767],{"id":5766},[62,138074,138076],{"className":64,"code":138075,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138077,138078,138098],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138079,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138091,138093,138096],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138081,61311],{"class":77},[71,138083,60],{"class":89},[71,138085,35123],{"class":133},[71,138087,90],{"class":89},[71,138089,138090],{"class":133},"old",[71,138092,109],{"class":89},[71,138094,138095],{"class":133}," new",[71,138097,121],{"class":89},[71,138099,138100,138102,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138101,61311],{"class":77},[71,138103,60],{"class":89},[71,138105,35123],{"class":133},[71,138107,90],{"class":89},[71,138109,138090],{"class":133},[71,138111,109],{"class":89},[71,138113,138095],{"class":133},[71,138115,109],{"class":89},[71,138117,49735],{"class":133},[71,138119,121],{"class":89},[350,138121,17509],{"id":17508},[40,138123,138124,138129,138135],{},[43,138125,138126,138128],{},[15,138127,138090],{}," = the text to find",[43,138130,138131,138134],{},[15,138132,138133],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[43,138136,138137,138139],{},[15,138138,41389],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[288,138141,6123],{"id":6122},[20,138143,138144],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[62,138146,138148],{"className":64,"code":138147,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138149,138150,138162,138192,138196,138206],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138151,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138153,34811],{"class":77},[71,138155,82],{"class":81},[71,138157,3683],{"class":99},[71,138159,137979],{"class":103},[71,138161,3689],{"class":99},[71,138163,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180,138182,138184,138186,138188,138190],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138165,130332],{"class":77},[71,138167,82],{"class":81},[71,138169,42972],{"class":77},[71,138171,60],{"class":89},[71,138173,35123],{"class":133},[71,138175,90],{"class":89},[71,138177,3184],{"class":99},[71,138179,138000],{"class":103},[71,138181,3184],{"class":99},[71,138183,109],{"class":89},[71,138185,3683],{"class":99},[71,138187,138009],{"class":103},[71,138189,3184],{"class":99},[71,138191,121],{"class":89},[71,138193,138194],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138195,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,138197,138198,138200,138202,138204],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,138199,128],{"class":127},[71,138201,90],{"class":89},[71,138203,34832],{"class":133},[71,138205,121],{"class":89},[71,138207,138208,138210,138212,138214],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,138209,128],{"class":127},[71,138211,90],{"class":89},[71,138213,130363],{"class":133},[71,138215,121],{"class":89},[20,138217,209],{},[62,138219,138221],{"className":64,"code":138220,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138222,138223,138228],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138224,138225],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138226,138227],{"class":77},"I like cats\n",[71,138229,138230],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138231,138028],{"class":77},[20,138233,138234],{},"Notice what happened:",[40,138236,138237,138242],{},[43,138238,138239,138241],{},[15,138240,34832],{}," did not change",[43,138243,138244,138246],{},[15,138245,130363],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138248,138249,138250,138252,138253,138255],{},"This happens because strings are ",[30,138251,137128],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138254,124664],{}," return a new string instead.",[288,138257,138259],{"id":138258},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138261,89839,138262,138264],{},[15,138263,124664],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138266,138267,138268,36748],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138269,41389],{},[350,138271,138273],{"id":138272},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[62,138275,138277],{"className":64,"code":138276,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138278,138279,138292,138326,138330],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138280,138281,138283,138285,138287,138290],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138282,34811],{"class":77},[71,138284,82],{"class":81},[71,138286,3683],{"class":99},[71,138288,138289],{"class":103},"cat cat cat",[71,138291,3689],{"class":99},[71,138293,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312,138314,138316,138318,138320,138322,138324],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138295,1102],{"class":77},[71,138297,82],{"class":81},[71,138299,42972],{"class":77},[71,138301,60],{"class":89},[71,138303,35123],{"class":133},[71,138305,90],{"class":89},[71,138307,3184],{"class":99},[71,138309,37174],{"class":103},[71,138311,3184],{"class":99},[71,138313,109],{"class":89},[71,138315,3683],{"class":99},[71,138317,58263],{"class":103},[71,138319,3184],{"class":99},[71,138321,109],{"class":89},[71,138323,165],{"class":117},[71,138325,121],{"class":89},[71,138327,138328],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138329,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,138331,138332,138334,138336,138338],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,138333,128],{"class":127},[71,138335,90],{"class":89},[71,138337,2594],{"class":133},[71,138339,121],{"class":89},[20,138341,209],{},[62,138343,138345],{"className":64,"code":138344,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138346,138347],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138348,138349],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138350,138344],{"class":77},[350,138352,138354],{"id":138353},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[62,138356,138358],{"className":64,"code":138357,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138359,138360,138372,138406,138410],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138361,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138363,34811],{"class":77},[71,138365,82],{"class":81},[71,138367,3683],{"class":99},[71,138369,138289],{"class":103},[71,138371,3689],{"class":99},[71,138373,138374,138376,138378,138380,138382,138384,138386,138388,138390,138392,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138375,1102],{"class":77},[71,138377,82],{"class":81},[71,138379,42972],{"class":77},[71,138381,60],{"class":89},[71,138383,35123],{"class":133},[71,138385,90],{"class":89},[71,138387,3184],{"class":99},[71,138389,37174],{"class":103},[71,138391,3184],{"class":99},[71,138393,109],{"class":89},[71,138395,3683],{"class":99},[71,138397,58263],{"class":103},[71,138399,3184],{"class":99},[71,138401,109],{"class":89},[71,138403,183],{"class":117},[71,138405,121],{"class":89},[71,138407,138408],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138409,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,138411,138412,138414,138416,138418],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,138413,128],{"class":127},[71,138415,90],{"class":89},[71,138417,2594],{"class":133},[71,138419,121],{"class":89},[20,138421,209],{},[62,138423,138425],{"className":64,"code":138424,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138426,138427],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138428,138429],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138430,138424],{"class":77},[20,138432,138433],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138435,138436,138437,60],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[56,138438,128217],{"href":124661},[288,138440,138442],{"id":138441},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138444,138445,138447],{},[15,138446,124664],{}," can also change single characters.",[350,138449,138451],{"id":138450},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[62,138453,138455],{"className":64,"code":138454,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138456,138457,138469,138499,138503],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138458,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138460,34811],{"class":77},[71,138462,82],{"class":81},[71,138464,3683],{"class":99},[71,138466,4423],{"class":103},[71,138468,3689],{"class":99},[71,138470,138471,138473,138475,138477,138479,138481,138483,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493,138495,138497],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138472,1102],{"class":77},[71,138474,82],{"class":81},[71,138476,42972],{"class":77},[71,138478,60],{"class":89},[71,138480,35123],{"class":133},[71,138482,90],{"class":89},[71,138484,3184],{"class":99},[71,138486,56],{"class":103},[71,138488,3184],{"class":99},[71,138490,109],{"class":89},[71,138492,3683],{"class":99},[71,138494,60610],{"class":103},[71,138496,3184],{"class":99},[71,138498,121],{"class":89},[71,138500,138501],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138502,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,138504,138505,138507,138509,138511],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,138506,128],{"class":127},[71,138508,90],{"class":89},[71,138510,2594],{"class":133},[71,138512,121],{"class":89},[20,138514,209],{},[62,138516,138518],{"className":64,"code":138517,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"bonono\n",[15,138519,138520],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138521,138522],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138523,138517],{"class":77},[350,138525,138527],{"id":138526},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138529,138530],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[62,138532,138534],{"className":64,"code":138533,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138535,138536,138549,138573,138577],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138537,138538,138540,138542,138544,138547],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138539,34811],{"class":77},[71,138541,82],{"class":81},[71,138543,3683],{"class":99},[71,138545,138546],{"class":103},"a b c",[71,138548,3689],{"class":99},[71,138550,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138552,1102],{"class":77},[71,138554,82],{"class":81},[71,138556,42972],{"class":77},[71,138558,60],{"class":89},[71,138560,35123],{"class":133},[71,138562,90],{"class":89},[71,138564,3184],{"class":99},[71,138566,3683],{"class":99},[71,138568,109],{"class":89},[71,138570,6463],{"class":99},[71,138572,121],{"class":89},[71,138574,138575],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138576,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,138578,138579,138581,138583,138585],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,138580,128],{"class":127},[71,138582,90],{"class":89},[71,138584,2594],{"class":133},[71,138586,121],{"class":89},[20,138588,209],{},[62,138590,138592],{"className":64,"code":138591,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"abc\n",[15,138593,138594],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138595,138596],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138597,138591],{"class":77},[20,138599,138600],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138602,138603,138604,138608,138609,138613],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[56,138605,126493,138606,1709],{"href":129180},[15,138607,60668],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[56,138610,126493,138611,1709],{"href":137063},[15,138612,41783],{}," is often a better choice.",[288,138615,124140],{"id":124139},[20,138617,138618,123951],{},[15,138619,124664],{},[20,138621,127538,138622,1560,138624,127545],{},[15,138623,113177],{},[15,138625,138626],{},"\"Cat\"",[62,138628,138630],{"className":64,"code":138629,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138631,138632,138645,138675,138679],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138633,138634,138636,138638,138640,138643],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138635,34811],{"class":77},[71,138637,82],{"class":81},[71,138639,3683],{"class":99},[71,138641,138642],{"class":103},"Cat cat CAT",[71,138644,3689],{"class":99},[71,138646,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138648,1102],{"class":77},[71,138650,82],{"class":81},[71,138652,42972],{"class":77},[71,138654,60],{"class":89},[71,138656,35123],{"class":133},[71,138658,90],{"class":89},[71,138660,3184],{"class":99},[71,138662,37174],{"class":103},[71,138664,3184],{"class":99},[71,138666,109],{"class":89},[71,138668,3683],{"class":99},[71,138670,58263],{"class":103},[71,138672,3184],{"class":99},[71,138674,121],{"class":89},[71,138676,138677],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138678,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,138680,138681,138683,138685,138687],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,138682,128],{"class":127},[71,138684,90],{"class":89},[71,138686,2594],{"class":133},[71,138688,121],{"class":89},[20,138690,209],{},[62,138692,138694],{"className":64,"code":138693,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138695,138696],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138697,138698,138701],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138699,138700],{"class":77},"Cat dog ",[71,138702,138703],{"class":34576},"CAT\n",[20,138705,138706,138707,138709],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138708,113177],{}," was replaced.",[20,138711,138712],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138714,138715,138716,60],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[56,138717,126493,138718,1709],{"href":124220},[15,138719,124223],{},[288,138721,291,138723,11813],{"id":138722},"what-replace-returns",[15,138724,124664],{},[20,138726,138727,138729],{},[15,138728,124664],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138731,138732],{},"If no match is found:",[40,138734,138735,138738],{},[43,138736,138737],{},"no error happens",[43,138739,138740],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138742,2537],{},[62,138744,138746],{"className":64,"code":138745,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138747,138748,138760,138790,138794],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138749,138750,138752,138754,138756,138758],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138751,34811],{"class":77},[71,138753,82],{"class":81},[71,138755,3683],{"class":99},[71,138757,4177],{"class":103},[71,138759,3689],{"class":99},[71,138761,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786,138788],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138763,1102],{"class":77},[71,138765,82],{"class":81},[71,138767,42972],{"class":77},[71,138769,60],{"class":89},[71,138771,35123],{"class":133},[71,138773,90],{"class":89},[71,138775,3184],{"class":99},[71,138777,1986],{"class":103},[71,138779,3184],{"class":99},[71,138781,109],{"class":89},[71,138783,3683],{"class":99},[71,138785,11853],{"class":103},[71,138787,3184],{"class":99},[71,138789,121],{"class":89},[71,138791,138792],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138793,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,138795,138796,138798,138800,138802],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,138797,128],{"class":127},[71,138799,90],{"class":89},[71,138801,2594],{"class":133},[71,138803,121],{"class":89},[20,138805,209],{},[62,138807,138809],{"className":64,"code":138808,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"hello\n",[15,138810,138811],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138812,138813],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138814,138808],{"class":77},[20,138816,138817],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[62,138819,138821],{"className":64,"code":138820,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138822,138823,138835],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138824,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138826,34811],{"class":77},[71,138828,82],{"class":81},[71,138830,3683],{"class":99},[71,138832,60543],{"class":103},[71,138834,3689],{"class":99},[71,138836,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861,138863],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138838,130332],{"class":77},[71,138840,82],{"class":81},[71,138842,42972],{"class":77},[71,138844,60],{"class":89},[71,138846,35123],{"class":133},[71,138848,90],{"class":89},[71,138850,3184],{"class":99},[71,138852,60728],{"class":103},[71,138854,3184],{"class":99},[71,138856,109],{"class":89},[71,138858,3683],{"class":99},[71,138860,7637],{"class":103},[71,138862,3184],{"class":99},[71,138864,121],{"class":89},[20,138866,138867],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[62,138869,138871],{"className":64,"code":138870,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138872,138873,138885],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138874,138875,138877,138879,138881,138883],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138876,34811],{"class":77},[71,138878,82],{"class":81},[71,138880,3683],{"class":99},[71,138882,60543],{"class":103},[71,138884,3689],{"class":99},[71,138886,138887,138889,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138888,34811],{"class":77},[71,138890,82],{"class":81},[71,138892,42972],{"class":77},[71,138894,60],{"class":89},[71,138896,35123],{"class":133},[71,138898,90],{"class":89},[71,138900,3184],{"class":99},[71,138902,60728],{"class":103},[71,138904,3184],{"class":99},[71,138906,109],{"class":89},[71,138908,3683],{"class":99},[71,138910,7637],{"class":103},[71,138912,3184],{"class":99},[71,138914,121],{"class":89},[288,138916,4855],{"id":4854},[20,138918,138919,138920,228],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138921,124664],{},[40,138923,138924,138927,138931,138934],{},[43,138925,138926],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[43,138928,8794,138929,131713],{},[15,138930,124664],{},[43,138932,138933],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[43,138935,37331,138936,138938],{},[15,138937,124664],{}," with regex-based replacements",[350,138940,138942,138943,138945],{"id":138941},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138944,124664],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138947,138948,138949,228],{},"This does not update ",[15,138950,34832],{},[62,138952,138954],{"className":64,"code":138953,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138955,138956,138968,138994],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,138957,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,138959,34811],{"class":77},[71,138961,82],{"class":81},[71,138963,3683],{"class":99},[71,138965,137979],{"class":103},[71,138967,3689],{"class":99},[71,138969,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,138971,34832],{"class":77},[71,138973,60],{"class":89},[71,138975,35123],{"class":133},[71,138977,90],{"class":89},[71,138979,3184],{"class":99},[71,138981,138000],{"class":103},[71,138983,3184],{"class":99},[71,138985,109],{"class":89},[71,138987,3683],{"class":99},[71,138989,138009],{"class":103},[71,138991,3184],{"class":99},[71,138993,121],{"class":89},[71,138995,138996,138998,139000,139002],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,138997,128],{"class":127},[71,138999,90],{"class":89},[71,139001,34832],{"class":133},[71,139003,121],{"class":89},[20,139005,209],{},[62,139007,139008],{"className":64,"code":138227,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,139009,139010],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139011,139012],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139013,138227],{"class":77},[20,139015,1781],{},[62,139017,139019],{"className":64,"code":139018,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139020,139021,139033,139063],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139022,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139024,34811],{"class":77},[71,139026,82],{"class":81},[71,139028,3683],{"class":99},[71,139030,137979],{"class":103},[71,139032,3689],{"class":99},[71,139034,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139036,34811],{"class":77},[71,139038,82],{"class":81},[71,139040,42972],{"class":77},[71,139042,60],{"class":89},[71,139044,35123],{"class":133},[71,139046,90],{"class":89},[71,139048,3184],{"class":99},[71,139050,138000],{"class":103},[71,139052,3184],{"class":99},[71,139054,109],{"class":89},[71,139056,3683],{"class":99},[71,139058,138009],{"class":103},[71,139060,3184],{"class":99},[71,139062,121],{"class":89},[71,139064,139065,139067,139069,139071],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,139066,128],{"class":127},[71,139068,90],{"class":89},[71,139070,34832],{"class":133},[71,139072,121],{"class":89},[20,139074,209],{},[62,139076,139077],{"className":64,"code":138028,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,139078,139079],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139080,139081],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139082,138028],{"class":77},[350,139084,139086],{"id":139085},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[62,139088,139090],{"className":64,"code":139089,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139091,139092,139104],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139093,139094,139096,139098,139100,139102],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139095,34811],{"class":77},[71,139097,82],{"class":81},[71,139099,3683],{"class":99},[71,139101,34991],{"class":103},[71,139103,3689],{"class":99},[71,139105,139106,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139107,128],{"class":127},[71,139109,90],{"class":89},[71,139111,34832],{"class":133},[71,139113,60],{"class":89},[71,139115,35123],{"class":133},[71,139117,90],{"class":89},[71,139119,3184],{"class":99},[71,139121,4177],{"class":103},[71,139123,3184],{"class":99},[71,139125,109],{"class":89},[71,139127,3683],{"class":99},[71,139129,90074],{"class":103},[71,139131,3184],{"class":99},[71,139133,204],{"class":89},[20,139135,209],{},[62,139137,139138],{"className":64,"code":89087,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,139139,139140],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139141,139142],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139143,89087],{"class":77},[20,139145,139146,139147,1560,139149,139151],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139148,64672],{},[15,139150,90556],{}," are not the same.",[350,139153,139155],{"id":139154},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[62,139157,139159],{"className":64,"code":139158,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139160,139161,139174],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139162,139163,139165,139167,139169,139172],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139164,34811],{"class":77},[71,139166,82],{"class":81},[71,139168,3683],{"class":99},[71,139170,139171],{"class":103},"red red red",[71,139173,3689],{"class":99},[71,139175,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139177,128],{"class":127},[71,139179,90],{"class":89},[71,139181,34832],{"class":133},[71,139183,60],{"class":89},[71,139185,35123],{"class":133},[71,139187,90],{"class":89},[71,139189,3184],{"class":99},[71,139191,13203],{"class":103},[71,139193,3184],{"class":99},[71,139195,109],{"class":89},[71,139197,3683],{"class":99},[71,139199,13220],{"class":103},[71,139201,3184],{"class":99},[71,139203,204],{"class":89},[20,139205,209],{},[62,139207,139209],{"className":64,"code":139208,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139210,139211],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139212,139213],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139214,139208],{"class":77},[20,139216,139217,139218,228],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139219,41389],{},[62,139221,139223],{"className":64,"code":139222,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139224,139225,139237],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139226,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139228,34811],{"class":77},[71,139230,82],{"class":81},[71,139232,3683],{"class":99},[71,139234,139171],{"class":103},[71,139236,3689],{"class":99},[71,139238,139239,139241,139243,139245,139247,139249,139251,139253,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139240,128],{"class":127},[71,139242,90],{"class":89},[71,139244,34832],{"class":133},[71,139246,60],{"class":89},[71,139248,35123],{"class":133},[71,139250,90],{"class":89},[71,139252,3184],{"class":99},[71,139254,13203],{"class":103},[71,139256,3184],{"class":99},[71,139258,109],{"class":89},[71,139260,3683],{"class":99},[71,139262,13220],{"class":103},[71,139264,3184],{"class":99},[71,139266,109],{"class":89},[71,139268,165],{"class":117},[71,139270,204],{"class":89},[20,139272,209],{},[62,139274,139276],{"className":64,"code":139275,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"blue red red\n",[15,139277,139278],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139279,139280],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139281,139275],{"class":77},[350,139283,139285,139286,139288],{"id":139284},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139287,124664],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139290,139291],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[40,139293,139294,139301,139308],{},[43,139295,283,139296,139300],{},[56,139297,139298],{"href":129180},[15,139299,60668],{}," to break a string into a list",[43,139302,283,139303,139307],{},[56,139304,139305],{"href":137063},[15,139306,41783],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[43,139309,283,139310,139312],{},[15,139311,124664],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[288,139314,2163],{"id":2162},[350,139316,12813,139318,124820],{"id":139317},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139319,124664],{},[20,139321,139322],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[350,139324,139326],{"id":139325},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139328,139329],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[350,139331,139333],{"id":139332},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139335,139336],{},"Use the third argument:",[62,139338,139340],{"className":64,"code":139339,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139341,139342],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139343,139344,139346,139348,139350,139352,139354,139356,139358,139360,139362],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139345,34832],{"class":77},[71,139347,60],{"class":89},[71,139349,35123],{"class":133},[71,139351,90],{"class":89},[71,139353,138090],{"class":133},[71,139355,109],{"class":89},[71,139357,138095],{"class":133},[71,139359,109],{"class":89},[71,139361,165],{"class":117},[71,139363,121],{"class":89},[350,139365,2184,139367,139369],{"id":139366},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139368,124664],{}," remove text?",[20,139371,139372],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[62,139374,139376],{"className":64,"code":139375,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139377,139378],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139379,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139381,34832],{"class":77},[71,139383,60],{"class":89},[71,139385,35123],{"class":133},[71,139387,90],{"class":89},[71,139389,3184],{"class":99},[71,139391,1986],{"class":103},[71,139393,3184],{"class":99},[71,139395,109],{"class":89},[71,139397,6463],{"class":99},[71,139399,121],{"class":89},[350,139401,15015,139403,124829],{"id":139402},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139404,124664],{},[20,139406,130022],{},[288,139408,2221],{"id":2220},[40,139410,139411,139415,139421,139427,139433],{},[43,139412,139413],{},[56,139414,124899],{"href":124661},[43,139416,139417],{},[56,139418,126493,139419,1709],{"href":129180},[15,139420,60668],{},[43,139422,139423],{},[56,139424,126493,139425,1709],{"href":137063},[15,139426,41783],{},[43,139428,139429],{},[56,139430,126493,139431,1709],{"href":124220},[15,139432,124223],{},[43,139434,139435],{},[56,139436,125248],{"href":51109},[2250,139438,139439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":139441},[139442,139443,139445,139448,139449,139453,139457,139458,139460,139468,139478],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":138043,"depth":124,"text":139444},"What replace() does",{"id":5766,"depth":124,"text":5767,"children":139446},[139447],{"id":17508,"depth":139,"text":17509},{"id":6122,"depth":124,"text":6123},{"id":138258,"depth":124,"text":138259,"children":139450},[139451,139452],{"id":138272,"depth":139,"text":138273},{"id":138353,"depth":139,"text":138354},{"id":138441,"depth":124,"text":138442,"children":139454},[139455,139456],{"id":138450,"depth":139,"text":138451},{"id":138526,"depth":139,"text":138527},{"id":124139,"depth":124,"text":124140},{"id":138722,"depth":124,"text":139459},"What replace() returns",{"id":4854,"depth":124,"text":4855,"children":139461},[139462,139464,139465,139466],{"id":138941,"depth":139,"text":139463},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139085,"depth":139,"text":139086},{"id":139154,"depth":139,"text":139155},{"id":139284,"depth":139,"text":139467},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":139469},[139470,139472,139473,139474,139476],{"id":139317,"depth":139,"text":139471},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139325,"depth":139,"text":139326},{"id":139332,"depth":139,"text":139333},{"id":139366,"depth":139,"text":139475},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139402,"depth":139,"text":139477},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137928,"description":139479},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139486,"title":139487,"body":139488,"description":141507,"extension":2292,"meta":141508,"navigation":142,"path":141509,"seo":141510,"stem":141511,"__hash__":141512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139489,"toc":141471},[139490,139495,139500,139503,139514,139516,139571,139576,139581,139588,139590,139605,139607,139663,139665,139703,139708,139710,139734,139737,139750,139755,139757,139789,139791,139824,139830,139835,139838,139848,139851,139853,139909,139911,139961,139964,139972,139975,140031,140033,140106,140119,140127,140131,140142,140145,140148,140201,140203,140235,140238,140292,140294,140329,140332,140337,140342,140347,140350,140352,140410,140412,140446,140448,140463,140466,140468,140510,140512,140538,140543,140551,140554,140556,140638,140640,140691,140694,140705,140713,140715,140788,140790,140808,140812,140815,140819,140846,140848,140856,140860,140895,140897,140910,140914,140917,140956,140958,140975,140980,140985,140996,140999,141010,141012,141014,141040,141043,141092,141094,141111,141114,141116,141168,141170,141202,141205,141263,141268,141270,141275,141378,141380,141394,141396,141403,141408,141413,141418,141423,141428,141431,141435,141440,141442,141468],[10,139491,123493,139493,11428],{"id":139492},"python-string-split-method",[15,139494,60668],{},[20,139496,123498,139497,139499],{},[15,139498,60668],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139501,139502],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[40,139504,139505,139508,139511],{},[43,139506,139507],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[43,139509,139510],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[43,139512,139513],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[288,139515,2334],{"id":2333},[62,139517,139519],{"className":64,"code":139518,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139520,139521,139534,139556,139566],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139522,139523,139525,139527,139529,139532],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139524,34811],{"class":77},[71,139526,82],{"class":81},[71,139528,3683],{"class":99},[71,139530,139531],{"class":103},"apple,banana,cherry",[71,139533,3689],{"class":99},[71,139535,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139537,42967],{"class":77},[71,139539,82],{"class":81},[71,139541,42972],{"class":77},[71,139543,60],{"class":89},[71,139545,34592],{"class":133},[71,139547,90],{"class":89},[71,139549,3184],{"class":99},[71,139551,109],{"class":103},[71,139553,3184],{"class":99},[71,139555,121],{"class":89},[71,139557,139558,139560,139562,139564],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,139559,128],{"class":127},[71,139561,90],{"class":89},[71,139563,42999],{"class":133},[71,139565,121],{"class":89},[71,139567,139568],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,139569,139570],{"class":1439},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139572,283,139573,139575],{},[15,139574,60668],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[288,139577,291,139579,294],{"id":139578},"what-split-does",[15,139580,60668],{},[20,139582,139583,132541,139585,60],{},[15,139584,60668],{},[30,139586,139587],{},"string method",[20,139589,49060],{},[40,139591,139592,139595,139600],{},[43,139593,139594],{},"divides a string into parts",[43,139596,119795,139597],{},[30,139598,139599],{},"new list of strings",[43,139601,119801,139602,139604],{},[30,139603,4967],{}," change the original string",[20,139606,2537],{},[62,139608,139610],{"className":64,"code":139609,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139611,139612,139625,139639,139643,139653],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139613,139614,139616,139618,139620,139623],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139615,34811],{"class":77},[71,139617,82],{"class":81},[71,139619,3683],{"class":99},[71,139621,139622],{"class":103},"red blue green",[71,139624,3689],{"class":99},[71,139626,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139628,42967],{"class":77},[71,139630,82],{"class":81},[71,139632,42972],{"class":77},[71,139634,60],{"class":89},[71,139636,34592],{"class":133},[71,139638,369],{"class":89},[71,139640,139641],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,139642,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,139644,139645,139647,139649,139651],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,139646,128],{"class":127},[71,139648,90],{"class":89},[71,139650,34832],{"class":133},[71,139652,121],{"class":89},[71,139654,139655,139657,139659,139661],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,139656,128],{"class":127},[71,139658,90],{"class":89},[71,139660,42999],{"class":133},[71,139662,121],{"class":89},[20,139664,209],{},[62,139666,139668],{"className":64,"code":139667,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139669,139670,139675],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139671,139672],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139673,139674],{"class":77},"red blue green\n",[71,139676,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699,139701],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139678,4234],{"class":89},[71,139680,100],{"class":99},[71,139682,13203],{"class":103},[71,139684,100],{"class":99},[71,139686,109],{"class":89},[71,139688,231],{"class":99},[71,139690,13220],{"class":103},[71,139692,100],{"class":99},[71,139694,109],{"class":89},[71,139696,231],{"class":99},[71,139698,17570],{"class":103},[71,139700,100],{"class":99},[71,139702,1757],{"class":89},[20,139704,139705,139706,60],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[56,139707,125248],{"href":51109},[288,139709,343],{"id":342},[62,139711,139713],{"className":64,"code":139712,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139714,139715],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139716,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139732],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139718,61311],{"class":77},[71,139720,60],{"class":89},[71,139722,34592],{"class":133},[71,139724,90],{"class":89},[71,139726,133897],{"class":133},[71,139728,109],{"class":89},[71,139730,139731],{"class":133}," maxsplit",[71,139733,121],{"class":89},[20,139735,139736],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[40,139738,139739,139744],{},[43,139740,139741,139743],{},[15,139742,133897],{}," tells Python where to split",[43,139745,139746,139749],{},[15,139747,139748],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139751,9216,139752,139754],{},[15,139753,133897],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139756,2537],{},[62,139758,139760],{"className":64,"code":139759,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139761,139762,139775],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139763,139764,139766,139768,139770,139773],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139765,34811],{"class":77},[71,139767,82],{"class":81},[71,139769,3683],{"class":99},[71,139771,139772],{"class":103},"one two three",[71,139774,3689],{"class":99},[71,139776,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785,139787],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139778,128],{"class":127},[71,139780,90],{"class":89},[71,139782,34832],{"class":133},[71,139784,60],{"class":89},[71,139786,34592],{"class":133},[71,139788,7534],{"class":89},[20,139790,209],{},[62,139792,139794],{"className":64,"code":139793,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139795,139796],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139797,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139799,4234],{"class":89},[71,139801,100],{"class":99},[71,139803,6924],{"class":103},[71,139805,100],{"class":99},[71,139807,109],{"class":89},[71,139809,231],{"class":99},[71,139811,79409],{"class":103},[71,139813,100],{"class":99},[71,139815,109],{"class":89},[71,139817,231],{"class":99},[71,139819,134379],{"class":103},[71,139821,100],{"class":99},[71,139823,1757],{"class":89},[288,139825,8758,139827,139829],{"id":139826},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139828,60668],{}," with no separator",[20,139831,70312,139832,139834],{},[15,139833,60668],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139836,139837],{},"Whitespace includes:",[40,139839,139840,139842,139845],{},[43,139841,1416],{},[43,139843,139844],{},"tabs",[43,139846,139847],{},"new lines",[20,139849,139850],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139852,2537],{},[62,139854,139856],{"className":64,"code":139855,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139857,139858,139881,139895,139899],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139859,139860,139862,139864,139866,139869,139872,139874,139876,139879],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139861,34811],{"class":77},[71,139863,82],{"class":81},[71,139865,3683],{"class":99},[71,139867,139868],{"class":103},"Python   is",[71,139870,139871],{"class":34576},"\\t",[71,139873,133633],{"class":103},[71,139875,87291],{"class":34576},[71,139877,139878],{"class":103},"and useful",[71,139880,3689],{"class":99},[71,139882,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139884,42967],{"class":77},[71,139886,82],{"class":81},[71,139888,42972],{"class":77},[71,139890,60],{"class":89},[71,139892,34592],{"class":133},[71,139894,369],{"class":89},[71,139896,139897],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,139898,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,139900,139901,139903,139905,139907],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,139902,128],{"class":127},[71,139904,90],{"class":89},[71,139906,42999],{"class":133},[71,139908,121],{"class":89},[20,139910,209],{},[62,139912,139914],{"className":64,"code":139913,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139915,139916],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139917,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954,139957,139959],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139919,4234],{"class":89},[71,139921,100],{"class":99},[71,139923,7637],{"class":103},[71,139925,100],{"class":99},[71,139927,109],{"class":89},[71,139929,231],{"class":99},[71,139931,12302],{"class":103},[71,139933,100],{"class":99},[71,139935,109],{"class":89},[71,139937,231],{"class":99},[71,139939,133633],{"class":103},[71,139941,100],{"class":99},[71,139943,109],{"class":89},[71,139945,231],{"class":99},[71,139947,130258],{"class":103},[71,139949,100],{"class":99},[71,139951,109],{"class":89},[71,139953,231],{"class":99},[71,139955,139956],{"class":103},"useful",[71,139958,100],{"class":99},[71,139960,1757],{"class":89},[20,139962,139963],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[350,139965,139967,1552,139969],{"id":139966},"split-vs-split",[15,139968,60668],{},[15,139970,139971],{},"split(' ')",[20,139973,139974],{},"These are not the same.",[62,139976,139978],{"className":64,"code":139977,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139979,139980,139993,139997,140011],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,139981,139982,139984,139986,139988,139991],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,139983,34811],{"class":77},[71,139985,82],{"class":81},[71,139987,3683],{"class":99},[71,139989,139990],{"class":103},"a  b   c",[71,139992,3689],{"class":99},[71,139994,139995],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,139996,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,139998,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,140000,128],{"class":127},[71,140002,90],{"class":89},[71,140004,34832],{"class":133},[71,140006,60],{"class":89},[71,140008,34592],{"class":133},[71,140010,7534],{"class":89},[71,140012,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,140014,128],{"class":127},[71,140016,90],{"class":89},[71,140018,34832],{"class":133},[71,140020,60],{"class":89},[71,140022,34592],{"class":133},[71,140024,90],{"class":89},[71,140026,3184],{"class":99},[71,140028,3683],{"class":99},[71,140030,204],{"class":89},[20,140032,209],{},[62,140034,140036],{"className":64,"code":140035,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140037,140038,140066],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140039,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140041,4234],{"class":89},[71,140043,100],{"class":99},[71,140045,56],{"class":103},[71,140047,100],{"class":99},[71,140049,109],{"class":89},[71,140051,231],{"class":99},[71,140053,176],{"class":103},[71,140055,100],{"class":99},[71,140057,109],{"class":89},[71,140059,231],{"class":99},[71,140061,694],{"class":103},[71,140063,100],{"class":99},[71,140065,1757],{"class":89},[71,140067,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140069,4234],{"class":89},[71,140071,100],{"class":99},[71,140073,56],{"class":103},[71,140075,100],{"class":99},[71,140077,109],{"class":89},[71,140079,4170],{"class":99},[71,140081,109],{"class":89},[71,140083,231],{"class":99},[71,140085,176],{"class":103},[71,140087,100],{"class":99},[71,140089,109],{"class":89},[71,140091,4170],{"class":99},[71,140093,109],{"class":89},[71,140095,4170],{"class":99},[71,140097,109],{"class":89},[71,140099,231],{"class":99},[71,140101,694],{"class":103},[71,140103,100],{"class":99},[71,140105,1757],{"class":89},[40,140107,140108,140113],{},[43,140109,140110,140112],{},[15,140111,60668],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[43,140114,140115,140118],{},[15,140116,140117],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140120,140121,140122,140126],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[56,140123,126493,140124,1709],{"href":137063},[15,140125,41783],{}," is often useful.",[288,140128,140130],{"id":140129},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140132,140133,140134,2518,140137,2522,140139,60],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140135,140136],{},"\",\"",[15,140138,133732],{},[15,140140,140141],{},"\"::\"",[20,140143,140144],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140146,140147],{},"Example with commas:",[62,140149,140151],{"className":64,"code":140150,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140152,140153,140165,140187,140191],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140154,140155,140157,140159,140161,140163],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140156,34811],{"class":77},[71,140158,82],{"class":81},[71,140160,3683],{"class":99},[71,140162,139531],{"class":103},[71,140164,3689],{"class":99},[71,140166,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140168,42967],{"class":77},[71,140170,82],{"class":81},[71,140172,42972],{"class":77},[71,140174,60],{"class":89},[71,140176,34592],{"class":133},[71,140178,90],{"class":89},[71,140180,3184],{"class":99},[71,140182,109],{"class":103},[71,140184,3184],{"class":99},[71,140186,121],{"class":89},[71,140188,140189],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,140190,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,140192,140193,140195,140197,140199],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,140194,128],{"class":127},[71,140196,90],{"class":89},[71,140198,42999],{"class":133},[71,140200,121],{"class":89},[20,140202,209],{},[62,140204,140205],{"className":64,"code":78588,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,140206,140207],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140208,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140210,4234],{"class":89},[71,140212,100],{"class":99},[71,140214,4414],{"class":103},[71,140216,100],{"class":99},[71,140218,109],{"class":89},[71,140220,231],{"class":99},[71,140222,4423],{"class":103},[71,140224,100],{"class":99},[71,140226,109],{"class":89},[71,140228,231],{"class":99},[71,140230,4432],{"class":103},[71,140232,100],{"class":99},[71,140234,1757],{"class":89},[20,140236,140237],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[62,140239,140241],{"className":64,"code":140240,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140242,140243,140256,140278,140282],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140244,140245,140247,140249,140251,140254],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140246,34811],{"class":77},[71,140248,82],{"class":81},[71,140250,3683],{"class":99},[71,140252,140253],{"class":103},"2024::10::31",[71,140255,3689],{"class":99},[71,140257,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140259,42967],{"class":77},[71,140261,82],{"class":81},[71,140263,42972],{"class":77},[71,140265,60],{"class":89},[71,140267,34592],{"class":133},[71,140269,90],{"class":89},[71,140271,3184],{"class":99},[71,140273,76805],{"class":103},[71,140275,3184],{"class":99},[71,140277,121],{"class":89},[71,140279,140280],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,140281,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,140285,128],{"class":127},[71,140287,90],{"class":89},[71,140289,42999],{"class":133},[71,140291,121],{"class":89},[20,140293,209],{},[62,140295,140297],{"className":64,"code":140296,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140298,140299],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140300,140301,140303,140305,140308,140310,140312,140314,140316,140318,140320,140322,140325,140327],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140302,4234],{"class":89},[71,140304,100],{"class":99},[71,140306,140307],{"class":103},"2024",[71,140309,100],{"class":99},[71,140311,109],{"class":89},[71,140313,231],{"class":99},[71,140315,2661],{"class":103},[71,140317,100],{"class":99},[71,140319,109],{"class":89},[71,140321,231],{"class":99},[71,140323,140324],{"class":103},"31",[71,140326,100],{"class":99},[71,140328,1757],{"class":89},[20,140330,140331],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140333,140334,140335,60],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[56,140336,129177],{"href":129176},[288,140338,8758,140340],{"id":140339},"using-maxsplit",[15,140341,139748],{},[20,140343,140344,140346],{},[15,140345,139748],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140348,140349],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140351,2537],{},[62,140353,140355],{"className":64,"code":140354,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140356,140357,140370,140396,140400],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140358,140359,140361,140363,140365,140368],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140360,34811],{"class":77},[71,140362,82],{"class":81},[71,140364,3683],{"class":99},[71,140366,140367],{"class":103},"name:age:city:country",[71,140369,3689],{"class":99},[71,140371,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140373,42967],{"class":77},[71,140375,82],{"class":81},[71,140377,42972],{"class":77},[71,140379,60],{"class":89},[71,140381,34592],{"class":133},[71,140383,90],{"class":89},[71,140385,3184],{"class":99},[71,140387,228],{"class":103},[71,140389,3184],{"class":99},[71,140391,109],{"class":89},[71,140393,183],{"class":117},[71,140395,121],{"class":89},[71,140397,140398],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,140399,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,140401,140402,140404,140406,140408],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,140403,128],{"class":127},[71,140405,90],{"class":89},[71,140407,42999],{"class":133},[71,140409,121],{"class":89},[20,140411,209],{},[62,140413,140415],{"className":64,"code":140414,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140416,140417],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140418,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437,140439,140442,140444],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140420,4234],{"class":89},[71,140422,100],{"class":99},[71,140424,94],{"class":103},[71,140426,100],{"class":99},[71,140428,109],{"class":89},[71,140430,231],{"class":99},[71,140432,242],{"class":103},[71,140434,100],{"class":99},[71,140436,109],{"class":89},[71,140438,231],{"class":99},[71,140440,140441],{"class":103},"city:country",[71,140443,100],{"class":99},[71,140445,1757],{"class":89},[20,140447,2507],{},[40,140449,140450,140455,140460],{},[43,140451,140452,140453],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140454,228],{},[43,140456,140457,140458],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140459,228],{},[43,140461,140462],{},"then stops",[20,140464,140465],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140467,52214],{},[62,140469,140471],{"className":64,"code":140470,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140472,140473,140486],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140474,140475,140477,140479,140481,140484],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140476,34811],{"class":77},[71,140478,82],{"class":81},[71,140480,3683],{"class":99},[71,140482,140483],{"class":103},"apple banana cherry grape",[71,140485,3689],{"class":99},[71,140487,140488,140490,140492,140494,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140489,128],{"class":127},[71,140491,90],{"class":89},[71,140493,34832],{"class":133},[71,140495,60],{"class":89},[71,140497,34592],{"class":133},[71,140499,90],{"class":89},[71,140501,3184],{"class":99},[71,140503,3683],{"class":99},[71,140505,109],{"class":89},[71,140507,165],{"class":117},[71,140509,204],{"class":89},[20,140511,209],{},[62,140513,140515],{"className":64,"code":140514,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140516,140517],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140518,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140534,140536],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140520,4234],{"class":89},[71,140522,100],{"class":99},[71,140524,4414],{"class":103},[71,140526,100],{"class":99},[71,140528,109],{"class":89},[71,140530,231],{"class":99},[71,140532,140533],{"class":103},"banana cherry grape",[71,140535,100],{"class":99},[71,140537,1757],{"class":89},[288,140539,291,140541,11813],{"id":140540},"what-split-returns",[15,140542,60668],{},[20,140544,140545,140546,140548,140549,60],{},"The result of ",[15,140547,60668],{}," is always a ",[30,140550,8433],{},[20,140552,140553],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140555,2537],{},[62,140557,140559],{"className":64,"code":140558,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140560,140561,140574,140596,140600,140610,140624],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140562,140563,140565,140567,140569,140572],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140564,34811],{"class":77},[71,140566,82],{"class":81},[71,140568,3683],{"class":99},[71,140570,140571],{"class":103},"cat,dog,bird",[71,140573,3689],{"class":99},[71,140575,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140577,42967],{"class":77},[71,140579,82],{"class":81},[71,140581,42972],{"class":77},[71,140583,60],{"class":89},[71,140585,34592],{"class":133},[71,140587,90],{"class":89},[71,140589,3184],{"class":99},[71,140591,109],{"class":103},[71,140593,3184],{"class":99},[71,140595,121],{"class":89},[71,140597,140598],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,140599,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,140601,140602,140604,140606,140608],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,140603,128],{"class":127},[71,140605,90],{"class":89},[71,140607,42999],{"class":133},[71,140609,121],{"class":89},[71,140611,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,140613,128],{"class":127},[71,140615,90],{"class":89},[71,140617,735],{"class":85},[71,140619,90],{"class":89},[71,140621,42999],{"class":133},[71,140623,204],{"class":89},[71,140625,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,140627,128],{"class":127},[71,140629,90],{"class":89},[71,140631,42999],{"class":133},[71,140633,4234],{"class":89},[71,140635,2449],{"class":117},[71,140637,4222],{"class":89},[20,140639,209],{},[62,140641,140643],{"className":64,"code":140642,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140644,140645,140673,140687],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140646,140647,140649,140651,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140648,4234],{"class":89},[71,140650,100],{"class":99},[71,140652,37174],{"class":103},[71,140654,100],{"class":99},[71,140656,109],{"class":89},[71,140658,231],{"class":99},[71,140660,58263],{"class":103},[71,140662,100],{"class":99},[71,140664,109],{"class":89},[71,140666,231],{"class":99},[71,140668,58280],{"class":103},[71,140670,100],{"class":99},[71,140672,1757],{"class":89},[71,140674,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140676,765],{"class":81},[71,140678,769],{"class":768},[71,140680,231],{"class":99},[71,140682,8433],{"class":103},[71,140684,100],{"class":99},[71,140686,778],{"class":81},[71,140688,140689],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,140690,85607],{"class":77},[20,140692,140693],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[40,140695,140696,140699,140702],{},[43,140697,140698],{},"loop over it",[43,140700,140701],{},"access items by index",[43,140703,140704],{},"combine items again later",[20,140706,140707,140708,60],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[56,140709,126493,140711,1709],{"href":140710},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140712,133575],{},[20,140714,2537],{},[62,140716,140718],{"className":64,"code":140717,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140719,140720,140752,140774,140778],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140721,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748,140750],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140723,42967],{"class":77},[71,140725,82],{"class":81},[71,140727,1740],{"class":89},[71,140729,100],{"class":99},[71,140731,37174],{"class":103},[71,140733,100],{"class":99},[71,140735,109],{"class":89},[71,140737,231],{"class":99},[71,140739,58263],{"class":103},[71,140741,100],{"class":99},[71,140743,109],{"class":89},[71,140745,231],{"class":99},[71,140747,58280],{"class":103},[71,140749,100],{"class":99},[71,140751,1757],{"class":89},[71,140753,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770,140772],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140755,34811],{"class":77},[71,140757,82],{"class":81},[71,140759,3683],{"class":99},[71,140761,2353],{"class":103},[71,140763,3184],{"class":99},[71,140765,60],{"class":89},[71,140767,133652],{"class":133},[71,140769,90],{"class":89},[71,140771,42999],{"class":133},[71,140773,121],{"class":89},[71,140775,140776],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,140777,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,140779,140780,140782,140784,140786],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,140781,128],{"class":127},[71,140783,90],{"class":89},[71,140785,34832],{"class":133},[71,140787,121],{"class":89},[20,140789,209],{},[62,140791,140793],{"className":64,"code":140792,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140794,140795],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140796,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140798,37174],{"class":77},[71,140800,2353],{"class":81},[71,140802,58263],{"class":77},[71,140804,2353],{"class":81},[71,140806,140807],{"class":77},"bird\n",[288,140809,140811],{"id":140810},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140813,140814],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[350,140816,140818],{"id":140817},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[62,140820,140822],{"className":64,"code":140821,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140823,140824,140832],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140825,140826,140828,140830],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140827,34811],{"class":77},[71,140829,82],{"class":81},[71,140831,8220],{"class":99},[71,140833,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140835,128],{"class":127},[71,140837,90],{"class":89},[71,140839,34832],{"class":133},[71,140841,60],{"class":89},[71,140843,34592],{"class":133},[71,140845,7534],{"class":89},[20,140847,209],{},[62,140849,140850],{"className":64,"code":38425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,140851,140852],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140853,140854],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140855,38425],{"class":89},[350,140857,140859],{"id":140858},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[62,140861,140863],{"className":64,"code":140862,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140864,140865,140873],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140866,140867,140869,140871],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140868,34811],{"class":77},[71,140870,82],{"class":81},[71,140872,8220],{"class":99},[71,140874,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891,140893],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140876,128],{"class":127},[71,140878,90],{"class":89},[71,140880,34832],{"class":133},[71,140882,60],{"class":89},[71,140884,34592],{"class":133},[71,140886,90],{"class":89},[71,140888,3184],{"class":99},[71,140890,109],{"class":103},[71,140892,3184],{"class":99},[71,140894,204],{"class":89},[20,140896,209],{},[62,140898,140900],{"className":64,"code":140899,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['']\n",[15,140901,140902],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140903,140904,140906,140908],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140905,4234],{"class":89},[71,140907,4105],{"class":99},[71,140909,1757],{"class":89},[350,140911,140913],{"id":140912},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140915,140916],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[62,140918,140920],{"className":64,"code":140919,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140921,140922,140934],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140923,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140925,34811],{"class":77},[71,140927,82],{"class":81},[71,140929,3683],{"class":99},[71,140931,4177],{"class":103},[71,140933,3689],{"class":99},[71,140935,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952,140954],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,140937,128],{"class":127},[71,140939,90],{"class":89},[71,140941,34832],{"class":133},[71,140943,60],{"class":89},[71,140945,34592],{"class":133},[71,140947,90],{"class":89},[71,140949,3184],{"class":99},[71,140951,109],{"class":103},[71,140953,3184],{"class":99},[71,140955,204],{"class":89},[20,140957,209],{},[62,140959,140961],{"className":64,"code":140960,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"['hello']\n",[15,140962,140963],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,140964,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,140966,4234],{"class":89},[71,140968,100],{"class":99},[71,140970,4177],{"class":103},[71,140972,100],{"class":99},[71,140974,1757],{"class":89},[288,140976,5298,140978],{"id":140977},"when-to-use-split",[15,140979,60668],{},[20,140981,283,140982,140984],{},[15,140983,60668],{}," when you need to:",[40,140986,140987,140990,140993],{},[43,140988,140989],{},"split a sentence into words",[43,140991,140992],{},"split comma-separated values",[43,140994,140995],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140997,140998],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[40,141000,141001,141004,141007],{},[43,141002,141003],{},"cleaning text",[43,141005,141006],{},"parsing user input",[43,141008,141009],{},"processing simple file content",[288,141011,2054],{"id":2053},[20,141013,84378],{},[40,141015,141016,141020,141026,141029,141037],{},[43,141017,50639,141018,131713],{},[15,141019,60668],{},[43,141021,141022,141023,141025],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141024,60668],{}," returns a list, not a string",[43,141027,141028],{},"using the wrong separator",[43,141030,141031,141032,141034,141035],{},"assuming ",[15,141033,139971],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141036,60668],{},[43,141038,141039],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141041,141042],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[62,141044,141046],{"className":64,"code":141045,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141047,141048,141060,141078,141082],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141049,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141051,34811],{"class":77},[71,141053,82],{"class":81},[71,141055,3683],{"class":99},[71,141057,42960],{"class":103},[71,141059,3689],{"class":99},[71,141061,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141063,34832],{"class":77},[71,141065,60],{"class":89},[71,141067,34592],{"class":133},[71,141069,90],{"class":89},[71,141071,3184],{"class":99},[71,141073,109],{"class":103},[71,141075,3184],{"class":99},[71,141077,121],{"class":89},[71,141079,141080],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,141081,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,141083,141084,141086,141088,141090],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,141085,128],{"class":127},[71,141087,90],{"class":89},[71,141089,34832],{"class":133},[71,141091,121],{"class":89},[20,141093,209],{},[62,141095,141097],{"className":64,"code":141096,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a,b,c\n",[15,141098,141099],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141100,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141102,56],{"class":77},[71,141104,109],{"class":89},[71,141106,176],{"class":77},[71,141108,109],{"class":89},[71,141110,69384],{"class":77},[20,141112,141113],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141115,1781],{},[62,141117,141118],{"className":64,"code":42947,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,141119,141120,141132,141154,141158],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141121,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141123,34811],{"class":77},[71,141125,82],{"class":81},[71,141127,3683],{"class":99},[71,141129,42960],{"class":103},[71,141131,3689],{"class":99},[71,141133,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141135,42967],{"class":77},[71,141137,82],{"class":81},[71,141139,42972],{"class":77},[71,141141,60],{"class":89},[71,141143,34592],{"class":133},[71,141145,90],{"class":89},[71,141147,3184],{"class":99},[71,141149,109],{"class":103},[71,141151,3184],{"class":99},[71,141153,121],{"class":89},[71,141155,141156],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,141157,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,141159,141160,141162,141164,141166],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,141161,128],{"class":127},[71,141163,90],{"class":89},[71,141165,42999],{"class":133},[71,141167,121],{"class":89},[20,141169,209],{},[62,141171,141172],{"className":64,"code":43006,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,141173,141174],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141175,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141177,4234],{"class":89},[71,141179,100],{"class":99},[71,141181,56],{"class":103},[71,141183,100],{"class":99},[71,141185,109],{"class":89},[71,141187,231],{"class":99},[71,141189,176],{"class":103},[71,141191,100],{"class":99},[71,141193,109],{"class":89},[71,141195,231],{"class":99},[71,141197,694],{"class":103},[71,141199,100],{"class":99},[71,141201,1757],{"class":89},[20,141203,141204],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[62,141206,141208],{"className":64,"code":141207,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141209,141210,141223,141245,141249],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141211,141212,141214,141216,141218,141221],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141213,34811],{"class":77},[71,141215,82],{"class":81},[71,141217,3683],{"class":99},[71,141219,141220],{"class":103},"apple,banana",[71,141222,3689],{"class":99},[71,141224,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141226,42967],{"class":77},[71,141228,82],{"class":81},[71,141230,42972],{"class":77},[71,141232,60],{"class":89},[71,141234,34592],{"class":133},[71,141236,90],{"class":89},[71,141238,3184],{"class":99},[71,141240,109],{"class":103},[71,141242,3184],{"class":99},[71,141244,121],{"class":89},[71,141246,141247],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,141248,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,141250,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,141252,128],{"class":127},[71,141254,90],{"class":89},[71,141256,42999],{"class":133},[71,141258,4234],{"class":89},[71,141260,630],{"class":117},[71,141262,4222],{"class":89},[20,141264,141265,141266,60],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[56,141267,69397],{"href":69396},[350,141269,60847],{"id":60846},[20,141271,9216,141272,141274],{},[15,141273,60668],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[62,141276,141278],{"className":64,"code":141277,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141279,141280,141290,141304,141326,141352],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141281,141282,141284,141286,141288],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141283,128],{"class":127},[71,141285,90],{"class":89},[71,141287,34832],{"class":133},[71,141289,121],{"class":89},[71,141291,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141293,128],{"class":127},[71,141295,90],{"class":89},[71,141297,34832],{"class":133},[71,141299,60],{"class":89},[71,141301,34592],{"class":133},[71,141303,7534],{"class":89},[71,141305,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,141307,128],{"class":127},[71,141309,90],{"class":89},[71,141311,34832],{"class":133},[71,141313,60],{"class":89},[71,141315,34592],{"class":133},[71,141317,90],{"class":89},[71,141319,100],{"class":99},[71,141321,109],{"class":103},[71,141323,100],{"class":99},[71,141325,204],{"class":89},[71,141327,141328,141330,141332,141334,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344,141346,141348,141350],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,141329,128],{"class":127},[71,141331,90],{"class":89},[71,141333,2139],{"class":127},[71,141335,90],{"class":89},[71,141337,34832],{"class":133},[71,141339,60],{"class":89},[71,141341,34592],{"class":133},[71,141343,90],{"class":89},[71,141345,100],{"class":99},[71,141347,109],{"class":103},[71,141349,100],{"class":99},[71,141351,3243],{"class":89},[71,141353,141354,141356,141358,141360,141362,141364,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,141355,128],{"class":127},[71,141357,90],{"class":89},[71,141359,735],{"class":85},[71,141361,90],{"class":89},[71,141363,34832],{"class":133},[71,141365,60],{"class":89},[71,141367,34592],{"class":133},[71,141369,90],{"class":89},[71,141371,100],{"class":99},[71,141373,109],{"class":103},[71,141375,100],{"class":99},[71,141377,3243],{"class":89},[20,141379,2148],{},[40,141381,141382,141385,141388,141391],{},[43,141383,141384],{},"what the original string looks like",[43,141386,141387],{},"which separator works",[43,141389,141390],{},"how many items were created",[43,141392,141393],{},"that the result is a list",[288,141395,2163],{"id":2162},[350,141397,2167,141399,1560,141401,2172],{"id":141398},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141400,60668],{},[15,141402,139971],{},[20,141404,141405,141407],{},[15,141406,60668],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141409,141410,141412],{},[15,141411,139971],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[350,141414,12813,141416,124820],{"id":141415},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141417,60668],{},[20,141419,141420,141421,56614],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141422,60668],{},[350,141424,5479,141426,40089],{"id":141425},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141427,139748],{},[20,141429,141430],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[350,141432,141434],{"id":141433},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141436,29181,141437,141439],{},[15,141438,60668],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[288,141441,2221],{"id":2220},[40,141443,141444,141448,141454,141460,141464],{},[43,141445,141446],{},[56,141447,130098],{"href":129176},[43,141449,141450],{},[56,141451,126493,141452,1709],{"href":140710},[15,141453,133575],{},[43,141455,141456],{},[56,141457,126493,141458,1709],{"href":137063},[15,141459,41783],{},[43,141461,141462],{},[56,141463,125248],{"href":51109},[43,141465,141466],{},[56,141467,69397],{"href":69396},[2250,141469,141470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":141472},[141473,141474,141476,141477,141482,141483,141485,141487,141492,141494,141497,141506],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":139578,"depth":124,"text":141475},"What split() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":139826,"depth":124,"text":141478,"children":141479},"Using split() with no separator",[141480],{"id":139966,"depth":139,"text":141481},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140129,"depth":124,"text":140130},{"id":140339,"depth":124,"text":141484},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140540,"depth":124,"text":141486},"What split() returns",{"id":140810,"depth":124,"text":140811,"children":141488},[141489,141490,141491],{"id":140817,"depth":139,"text":140818},{"id":140858,"depth":139,"text":140859},{"id":140912,"depth":139,"text":140913},{"id":140977,"depth":124,"text":141493},"When to use split()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":141495},[141496],{"id":60846,"depth":139,"text":60847},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":141498},[141499,141501,141503,141505],{"id":141398,"depth":139,"text":141500},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141415,"depth":139,"text":141502},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141425,"depth":139,"text":141504},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141433,"depth":139,"text":141434},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139487,"description":141507},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141514,"title":141515,"body":141516,"description":143459,"extension":2292,"meta":143460,"navigation":142,"path":143461,"seo":143462,"stem":143463,"__hash__":143464},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141517,"toc":143418},[141518,141523,141528,141535,141608,141613,141618,141623,141639,141641,141711,141713,141715,141735,141737,141782,141787,141789,141887,141892,141896,141901,141905,141908,141950,141954,141957,142002,142006,142009,142059,142063,142068,142120,142122,142127,142138,142143,142223,142225,142237,142246,142253,142268,142270,142385,142391,142395,142398,142403,142545,142548,142555,142557,142561,142569,142638,142644,142693,142698,142703,142705,142725,142727,142793,142795,142799,142802,142806,142847,142849,142882,142887,142890,142917,142919,142962,142969,142974,142984,143050,143054,143062,143067,143118,143122,143125,143127,143136,143138,143188,143190,143297,143299,143304,143311,143317,143320,143351,143356,143358,143365,143373,143382,143385,143387,143415],[10,141519,123493,141521,11428],{"id":141520},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141522,127861],{},[20,141524,123498,141525,141527],{},[15,141526,127861],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141529,126559,141530,3209,141532,141534],{},[15,141531,3935],{},[15,141533,4006],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[62,141536,141538],{"className":64,"code":141537,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141539,141540,141553,141557,141582],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141541,141542,141544,141546,141548,141551],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141543,34811],{"class":77},[71,141545,82],{"class":81},[71,141547,3683],{"class":99},[71,141549,141550],{"class":103},"Python Beginner Help",[71,141552,3689],{"class":99},[71,141554,141555],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141556,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,141558,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141570,141572,141574,141576,141578,141580],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,141560,128],{"class":127},[71,141562,90],{"class":89},[71,141564,34832],{"class":133},[71,141566,60],{"class":89},[71,141568,141569],{"class":133},"startswith",[71,141571,90],{"class":89},[71,141573,3184],{"class":99},[71,141575,7637],{"class":103},[71,141577,3184],{"class":99},[71,141579,5697],{"class":89},[71,141581,43986],{"class":1439},[71,141583,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141601,141603,141605],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,141585,128],{"class":127},[71,141587,90],{"class":89},[71,141589,34832],{"class":133},[71,141591,60],{"class":89},[71,141593,141569],{"class":133},[71,141595,90],{"class":89},[71,141597,3184],{"class":99},[71,141599,141600],{"class":103},"Beginner",[71,141602,3184],{"class":99},[71,141604,5697],{"class":89},[71,141606,141607],{"class":1439}," # False\n",[20,141609,283,141610,141612],{},[15,141611,127861],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[288,141614,291,141616,294],{"id":141615},"what-startswith-does",[15,141617,127861],{},[20,141619,141620,141622],{},[15,141621,127861],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[40,141624,141625,141628,141634,141636],{},[43,141626,141627],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[43,141629,5485,141630,3209,141632],{},[15,141631,3935],{},[15,141633,4006],{},[43,141635,123636],{},[43,141637,141638],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141640,2537],{},[62,141642,141644],{"className":64,"code":141643,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141645,141646,141658,141662,141687],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141647,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141649,8215],{"class":77},[71,141651,82],{"class":81},[71,141653,3683],{"class":99},[71,141655,7637],{"class":103},[71,141657,3689],{"class":99},[71,141659,141660],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141661,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,141663,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141681,141683,141685],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,141665,128],{"class":127},[71,141667,90],{"class":89},[71,141669,94],{"class":133},[71,141671,60],{"class":89},[71,141673,141569],{"class":133},[71,141675,90],{"class":89},[71,141677,3184],{"class":99},[71,141679,141680],{"class":103},"Py",[71,141682,3184],{"class":99},[71,141684,5697],{"class":89},[71,141686,43986],{"class":1439},[71,141688,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,141690,128],{"class":127},[71,141692,90],{"class":89},[71,141694,94],{"class":133},[71,141696,60],{"class":89},[71,141698,141569],{"class":133},[71,141700,90],{"class":89},[71,141702,3184],{"class":99},[71,141704,128939],{"class":103},[71,141706,3184],{"class":99},[71,141708,5697],{"class":89},[71,141710,44003],{"class":1439},[288,141712,343],{"id":342},[20,141714,42515],{},[62,141716,141718],{"className":64,"code":141717,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141719,141720],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141721,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730,141733],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141723,61311],{"class":77},[71,141725,60],{"class":89},[71,141727,141569],{"class":133},[71,141729,90],{"class":89},[71,141731,141732],{"class":133},"prefix",[71,141734,121],{"class":89},[20,141736,30885],{},[62,141738,141740],{"className":64,"code":141739,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141741,141742,141760],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141743,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141745,61311],{"class":77},[71,141747,60],{"class":89},[71,141749,141569],{"class":133},[71,141751,90],{"class":89},[71,141753,141732],{"class":133},[71,141755,109],{"class":89},[71,141757,36177],{"class":133},[71,141759,121],{"class":89},[71,141761,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141763,61311],{"class":77},[71,141765,60],{"class":89},[71,141767,141569],{"class":133},[71,141769,90],{"class":89},[71,141771,141732],{"class":133},[71,141773,109],{"class":89},[71,141775,36177],{"class":133},[71,141777,109],{"class":89},[71,141779,65178],{"class":133},[71,141781,121],{"class":89},[20,141783,20887,141784,141786],{},[15,141785,141732],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141788,2537],{},[62,141790,141792],{"className":64,"code":141791,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141793,141794,141806,141810,141835,141859],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141795,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141797,34811],{"class":77},[71,141799,82],{"class":81},[71,141801,3683],{"class":99},[71,141803,60543],{"class":103},[71,141805,3689],{"class":99},[71,141807,141808],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141809,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,141811,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,141813,128],{"class":127},[71,141815,90],{"class":89},[71,141817,34832],{"class":133},[71,141819,60],{"class":89},[71,141821,141569],{"class":133},[71,141823,90],{"class":89},[71,141825,3184],{"class":99},[71,141827,4177],{"class":103},[71,141829,3184],{"class":99},[71,141831,5697],{"class":89},[71,141833,141834],{"class":1439},"      # True\n",[71,141836,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,141838,128],{"class":127},[71,141840,90],{"class":89},[71,141842,34832],{"class":133},[71,141844,60],{"class":89},[71,141846,141569],{"class":133},[71,141848,90],{"class":89},[71,141850,3184],{"class":99},[71,141852,60728],{"class":103},[71,141854,3184],{"class":99},[71,141856,5697],{"class":89},[71,141858,21317],{"class":1439},[71,141860,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,141862,128],{"class":127},[71,141864,90],{"class":89},[71,141866,34832],{"class":133},[71,141868,60],{"class":89},[71,141870,141569],{"class":133},[71,141872,90],{"class":89},[71,141874,3184],{"class":99},[71,141876,60728],{"class":103},[71,141878,3184],{"class":99},[71,141880,109],{"class":89},[71,141882,37771],{"class":117},[71,141884,5697],{"class":89},[71,141886,43986],{"class":1439},[20,141888,141889,141890,60],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[56,141891,125248],{"href":51109},[288,141893,141895],{"id":141894},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141897,141898,141900],{},[15,141899,127861],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[350,141902,141903],{"id":141732},[15,141904,141732],{},[20,141906,141907],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[62,141909,141911],{"className":64,"code":141910,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141912,141913,141925],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141914,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141916,34811],{"class":77},[71,141918,82],{"class":81},[71,141920,3683],{"class":99},[71,141922,4423],{"class":103},[71,141924,3689],{"class":99},[71,141926,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941,141944,141946,141948],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141928,128],{"class":127},[71,141930,90],{"class":89},[71,141932,34832],{"class":133},[71,141934,60],{"class":89},[71,141936,141569],{"class":133},[71,141938,90],{"class":89},[71,141940,3184],{"class":99},[71,141942,141943],{"class":103},"ban",[71,141945,3184],{"class":99},[71,141947,5697],{"class":89},[71,141949,3996],{"class":1439},[350,141951,141952],{"id":36198},[15,141953,36198],{},[20,141955,141956],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[62,141958,141960],{"className":64,"code":141959,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141961,141962,141974],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,141963,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,141965,34811],{"class":77},[71,141967,82],{"class":81},[71,141969,3683],{"class":99},[71,141971,60543],{"class":103},[71,141973,3689],{"class":99},[71,141975,141976,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992,141994,141996,141998,142000],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,141977,128],{"class":127},[71,141979,90],{"class":89},[71,141981,34832],{"class":133},[71,141983,60],{"class":89},[71,141985,141569],{"class":133},[71,141987,90],{"class":89},[71,141989,3184],{"class":99},[71,141991,60728],{"class":103},[71,141993,3184],{"class":99},[71,141995,109],{"class":89},[71,141997,37771],{"class":117},[71,141999,5697],{"class":89},[71,142001,3996],{"class":1439},[350,142003,142004],{"id":52795},[15,142005,52795],{},[20,142007,142008],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[62,142010,142012],{"className":64,"code":142011,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142013,142014,142026],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142015,142016,142018,142020,142022,142024],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142017,34811],{"class":77},[71,142019,82],{"class":81},[71,142021,3683],{"class":99},[71,142023,60543],{"class":103},[71,142025,3689],{"class":99},[71,142027,142028,142030,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142029,128],{"class":127},[71,142031,90],{"class":89},[71,142033,34832],{"class":133},[71,142035,60],{"class":89},[71,142037,141569],{"class":133},[71,142039,90],{"class":89},[71,142041,3184],{"class":99},[71,142043,142044],{"class":103},"wor",[71,142046,3184],{"class":99},[71,142048,109],{"class":89},[71,142050,37771],{"class":117},[71,142052,109],{"class":89},[71,142054,54271],{"class":117},[71,142056,5697],{"class":89},[71,142058,3996],{"class":1439},[350,142060,142062],{"id":142061},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142064,142065,142067],{},[15,142066,141732],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[62,142069,142071],{"className":64,"code":142070,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142072,142073,142086],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142074,142075,142077,142079,142081,142084],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142076,126576],{"class":77},[71,142078,82],{"class":81},[71,142080,3683],{"class":99},[71,142082,142083],{"class":103},"img_001.png",[71,142085,3689],{"class":99},[71,142087,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142105,142107,142109,142111,142114,142116,142118],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142089,128],{"class":127},[71,142091,90],{"class":89},[71,142093,126594],{"class":133},[71,142095,60],{"class":89},[71,142097,141569],{"class":133},[71,142099,5846],{"class":89},[71,142101,3184],{"class":99},[71,142103,142104],{"class":103},"img_",[71,142106,3184],{"class":99},[71,142108,109],{"class":89},[71,142110,3683],{"class":99},[71,142112,142113],{"class":103},"photo_",[71,142115,3184],{"class":99},[71,142117,51225],{"class":89},[71,142119,3996],{"class":1439},[288,142121,17533],{"id":17532},[20,142123,142124,142126],{},[15,142125,127861],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[40,142128,142129,142134],{},[43,142130,142131,142133],{},[15,142132,3935],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[43,142135,142136,127178],{},[15,142137,4006],{},[20,142139,142140,142141,7512],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142142,7337],{},[62,142144,142146],{"className":64,"code":142145,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142147,142148,142162,142166,142187,142202,142208],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142149,142150,142153,142155,142157,142160],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142151,142152],{"class":77},"command ",[71,142154,82],{"class":81},[71,142156,3683],{"class":99},[71,142158,142159],{"class":103},"\u002Fhelp",[71,142161,3689],{"class":99},[71,142163,142164],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142165,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,142167,142168,142170,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,142169,7337],{"class":4209},[71,142171,142172],{"class":77}," command",[71,142174,60],{"class":89},[71,142176,141569],{"class":133},[71,142178,90],{"class":89},[71,142180,3184],{"class":99},[71,142182,127385],{"class":103},[71,142184,3184],{"class":99},[71,142186,8682],{"class":89},[71,142188,142189,142191,142193,142195,142198,142200],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,142190,8408],{"class":127},[71,142192,90],{"class":89},[71,142194,3184],{"class":99},[71,142196,142197],{"class":103},"This looks like a command.",[71,142199,3184],{"class":99},[71,142201,121],{"class":89},[71,142203,142204,142206],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,142205,27553],{"class":4209},[71,142207,6731],{"class":89},[71,142209,142210,142212,142214,142216,142219,142221],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,142211,8408],{"class":127},[71,142213,90],{"class":89},[71,142215,3184],{"class":99},[71,142217,142218],{"class":103},"This is normal text.",[71,142220,3184],{"class":99},[71,142222,121],{"class":89},[20,142224,209],{},[62,142226,142228],{"className":64,"code":142227,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142229,142230],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142231,142232,142235],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142233,142234],{"class":77},"This looks like a command",[71,142236,122525],{"class":89},[288,142238,8758,142240,9046,142242,1560,142244],{"id":142239},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142241,127861],{},[15,142243,36198],{},[15,142245,52795],{},[20,142247,2309,142248,1560,142250,142252],{},[15,142249,36198],{},[15,142251,52795],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[40,142254,142255,142260,142265],{},[43,142256,142257,142259],{},[15,142258,36198],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[43,142261,142262,142264],{},[15,142263,52795],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[43,142266,142267],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142269,2537],{},[62,142271,142273],{"className":64,"code":142272,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142274,142275,142287,142291,142320,142353],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142276,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142278,34811],{"class":77},[71,142280,82],{"class":81},[71,142282,3683],{"class":99},[71,142284,139772],{"class":103},[71,142286,3689],{"class":99},[71,142288,142289],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142290,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,142292,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,142294,128],{"class":127},[71,142296,90],{"class":89},[71,142298,34832],{"class":133},[71,142300,60],{"class":89},[71,142302,141569],{"class":133},[71,142304,90],{"class":89},[71,142306,3184],{"class":99},[71,142308,79409],{"class":103},[71,142310,3184],{"class":99},[71,142312,109],{"class":89},[71,142314,2788],{"class":117},[71,142316,5697],{"class":89},[71,142318,142319],{"class":1439},"        # True\n",[71,142321,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346,142349,142351],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,142323,128],{"class":127},[71,142325,90],{"class":89},[71,142327,34832],{"class":133},[71,142329,60],{"class":89},[71,142331,141569],{"class":133},[71,142333,90],{"class":89},[71,142335,3184],{"class":99},[71,142337,134379],{"class":103},[71,142339,3184],{"class":99},[71,142341,109],{"class":89},[71,142343,6697],{"class":117},[71,142345,109],{"class":89},[71,142347,142348],{"class":117}," 13",[71,142350,5697],{"class":89},[71,142352,3996],{"class":1439},[71,142354,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,142356,128],{"class":127},[71,142358,90],{"class":89},[71,142360,34832],{"class":133},[71,142362,60],{"class":89},[71,142364,141569],{"class":133},[71,142366,90],{"class":89},[71,142368,3184],{"class":99},[71,142370,134379],{"class":103},[71,142372,3184],{"class":99},[71,142374,109],{"class":89},[71,142376,6697],{"class":117},[71,142378,109],{"class":89},[71,142380,31064],{"class":117},[71,142382,5697],{"class":89},[71,142384,5108],{"class":1439},[20,142386,142387,142388,142390],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142389,52795],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[288,142392,142394],{"id":142393},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142396,142397],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142399,142400,142401,49481],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142402,40966],{},[62,142404,142406],{"className":64,"code":142405,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142407,142408,142422,142436,142450,142454,142478,142482,142503,142524],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142409,142410,142413,142415,142417,142420],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142411,142412],{"class":77},"filename1 ",[71,142414,82],{"class":81},[71,142416,3683],{"class":99},[71,142418,142419],{"class":103},"img_101.jpg",[71,142421,3689],{"class":99},[71,142423,142424,142427,142429,142431,142434],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142425,142426],{"class":77},"filename2 ",[71,142428,82],{"class":81},[71,142430,3683],{"class":99},[71,142432,142433],{"class":103},"photo_202.jpg",[71,142435,3689],{"class":99},[71,142437,142438,142441,142443,142445,142448],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,142439,142440],{"class":77},"filename3 ",[71,142442,82],{"class":81},[71,142444,3683],{"class":99},[71,142446,142447],{"class":103},"doc_303.jpg",[71,142449,3689],{"class":99},[71,142451,142452],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,142453,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,142455,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,142457,127788],{"class":77},[71,142459,82],{"class":81},[71,142461,171],{"class":89},[71,142463,3184],{"class":99},[71,142465,142104],{"class":103},[71,142467,3184],{"class":99},[71,142469,109],{"class":89},[71,142471,3683],{"class":99},[71,142473,142113],{"class":103},[71,142475,3184],{"class":99},[71,142477,121],{"class":89},[71,142479,142480],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,142481,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,142483,142484,142486,142488,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,142485,128],{"class":127},[71,142487,90],{"class":89},[71,142489,142490],{"class":133},"filename1",[71,142492,60],{"class":89},[71,142494,141569],{"class":133},[71,142496,90],{"class":89},[71,142498,127840],{"class":133},[71,142500,5697],{"class":89},[71,142502,3996],{"class":1439},[71,142504,142505,142507,142509,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,142506,128],{"class":127},[71,142508,90],{"class":89},[71,142510,142511],{"class":133},"filename2",[71,142513,60],{"class":89},[71,142515,141569],{"class":133},[71,142517,90],{"class":89},[71,142519,127840],{"class":133},[71,142521,5697],{"class":89},[71,142523,3996],{"class":1439},[71,142525,142526,142528,142530,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,142527,128],{"class":127},[71,142529,90],{"class":89},[71,142531,142532],{"class":133},"filename3",[71,142534,60],{"class":89},[71,142536,141569],{"class":133},[71,142538,90],{"class":89},[71,142540,127840],{"class":133},[71,142542,5697],{"class":89},[71,142544,5108],{"class":1439},[20,142546,142547],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142549,74910,142550,142554],{},[56,142551,126493,142552,1709],{"href":130087},[15,142553,126551],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[288,142556,124140],{"id":124139},[20,142558,142559,123951],{},[15,142560,127861],{},[20,142562,127538,142563,1560,142566,127545],{},[15,142564,142565],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142567,142568],{},"\"python\"",[62,142570,142572],{"className":64,"code":142571,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142573,142574,142586,142590,142614],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142575,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142577,34811],{"class":77},[71,142579,82],{"class":81},[71,142581,3683],{"class":99},[71,142583,7637],{"class":103},[71,142585,3689],{"class":99},[71,142587,142588],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142589,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,142591,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142606,142608,142610,142612],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,142593,128],{"class":127},[71,142595,90],{"class":89},[71,142597,34832],{"class":133},[71,142599,60],{"class":89},[71,142601,141569],{"class":133},[71,142603,90],{"class":89},[71,142605,3184],{"class":99},[71,142607,141680],{"class":103},[71,142609,3184],{"class":99},[71,142611,5697],{"class":89},[71,142613,3996],{"class":1439},[71,142615,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,142617,128],{"class":127},[71,142619,90],{"class":89},[71,142621,34832],{"class":133},[71,142623,60],{"class":89},[71,142625,141569],{"class":133},[71,142627,90],{"class":89},[71,142629,3184],{"class":99},[71,142631,128939],{"class":103},[71,142633,3184],{"class":99},[71,142635,5697],{"class":89},[71,142637,5108],{"class":1439},[20,142639,127630,142640,60],{},[56,142641,142642],{"href":124220},[15,142643,124223],{},[62,142645,142647],{"className":64,"code":142646,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142648,142649,142661,142665],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142650,142651,142653,142655,142657,142659],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142652,34811],{"class":77},[71,142654,82],{"class":81},[71,142656,3683],{"class":99},[71,142658,7637],{"class":103},[71,142660,3689],{"class":99},[71,142662,142663],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142664,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,142666,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689,142691],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,142668,128],{"class":127},[71,142670,90],{"class":89},[71,142672,34832],{"class":133},[71,142674,60],{"class":89},[71,142676,8982],{"class":133},[71,142678,8979],{"class":89},[71,142680,141569],{"class":133},[71,142682,90],{"class":89},[71,142684,3184],{"class":99},[71,142686,128939],{"class":103},[71,142688,3184],{"class":99},[71,142690,5697],{"class":89},[71,142692,3996],{"class":1439},[288,142694,5298,142696],{"id":142695},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142697,127861],{},[20,142699,142700,142702],{},[15,142701,127861],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142704,321],{},[40,142706,142707,142710,142713,142722],{},[43,142708,142709],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[43,142711,142712],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[43,142714,142715,142716,3209,142719],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142717,142718],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142720,142721],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[43,142723,142724],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142726,2537],{},[62,142728,142730],{"className":64,"code":142729,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142731,142732,142745,142749,142778],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142733,142734,142736,142738,142740,142743],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142735,127356],{"class":77},[71,142737,82],{"class":81},[71,142739,3683],{"class":99},[71,142741,142742],{"class":103},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[71,142744,3689],{"class":99},[71,142746,142747],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142748,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,142750,142751,142753,142756,142758,142760,142762,142764,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,142752,7337],{"class":4209},[71,142754,142755],{"class":77}," url",[71,142757,60],{"class":89},[71,142759,141569],{"class":133},[71,142761,5846],{"class":89},[71,142763,3184],{"class":99},[71,142765,142718],{"class":103},[71,142767,3184],{"class":99},[71,142769,109],{"class":89},[71,142771,3683],{"class":99},[71,142773,142721],{"class":103},[71,142775,3184],{"class":99},[71,142777,69701],{"class":89},[71,142779,142780,142782,142784,142786,142789,142791],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,142781,8408],{"class":127},[71,142783,90],{"class":89},[71,142785,3184],{"class":99},[71,142787,142788],{"class":103},"This looks like a web URL.",[71,142790,3184],{"class":99},[71,142792,121],{"class":89},[288,142794,2054],{"id":2053},[20,142796,23212,142797,60],{},[15,142798,127861],{},[350,142800,138933],{"id":142801},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142803,142804,123951],{},[15,142805,127861],{},[62,142807,142809],{"className":64,"code":142808,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142810,142811,142823],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142812,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142814,34811],{"class":77},[71,142816,82],{"class":81},[71,142818,3683],{"class":99},[71,142820,7637],{"class":103},[71,142822,3689],{"class":99},[71,142824,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843,142845],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142826,128],{"class":127},[71,142828,90],{"class":89},[71,142830,34832],{"class":133},[71,142832,60],{"class":89},[71,142834,141569],{"class":133},[71,142836,90],{"class":89},[71,142838,3184],{"class":99},[71,142840,66],{"class":103},[71,142842,3184],{"class":99},[71,142844,5697],{"class":89},[71,142846,5108],{"class":1439},[20,142848,39390],{},[62,142850,142852],{"className":64,"code":142851,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142853,142854],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142855,142856,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872,142874,142876,142878,142880],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142857,128],{"class":127},[71,142859,90],{"class":89},[71,142861,34832],{"class":133},[71,142863,60],{"class":89},[71,142865,8982],{"class":133},[71,142867,8979],{"class":89},[71,142869,141569],{"class":133},[71,142871,90],{"class":89},[71,142873,3184],{"class":99},[71,142875,66],{"class":103},[71,142877,3184],{"class":99},[71,142879,5697],{"class":89},[71,142881,3996],{"class":1439},[350,142883,29770,142885,137415],{"id":142884},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142886,127861],{},[20,142888,142889],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[62,142891,142893],{"className":64,"code":142892,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142894,142895,142903,142907,142912],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142896,142897,142899,142901],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142898,2778],{"class":77},[71,142900,82],{"class":81},[71,142902,125175],{"class":117},[71,142904,142905],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142906,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,142908,142909],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,142910,142911],{"class":1439},"# This will cause an error:\n",[71,142913,142914],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,142915,142916],{"class":1439},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142918,39390],{},[62,142920,142922],{"className":64,"code":142921,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142923,142924,142938],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142925,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142927,2778],{"class":77},[71,142929,82],{"class":81},[71,142931,49037],{"class":85},[71,142933,90],{"class":89},[71,142935,50379],{"class":117},[71,142937,121],{"class":89},[71,142939,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,142941,128],{"class":127},[71,142943,90],{"class":89},[71,142945,2804],{"class":133},[71,142947,60],{"class":89},[71,142949,141569],{"class":133},[71,142951,90],{"class":89},[71,142953,3184],{"class":99},[71,142955,3320],{"class":103},[71,142957,3184],{"class":99},[71,142959,5697],{"class":89},[71,142961,3996],{"class":1439},[350,142963,37331,142965,9046,142967],{"id":142964},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142966,127861],{},[15,142968,4216],{},[20,142970,142971,142973],{},[15,142972,127861],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142975,142976,142977,142979,142980,60],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142978,4216],{}," or methods like ",[56,142981,142982],{"href":124503},[15,142983,124488],{},[62,142985,142987],{"className":64,"code":142986,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142988,142989,143001,143005,143029],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,142990,142991,142993,142995,142997,142999],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,142992,34811],{"class":77},[71,142994,82],{"class":81},[71,142996,3683],{"class":99},[71,142998,60543],{"class":103},[71,143000,3689],{"class":99},[71,143002,143003],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143004,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,143006,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025,143027],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,143008,128],{"class":127},[71,143010,90],{"class":89},[71,143012,34832],{"class":133},[71,143014,60],{"class":89},[71,143016,141569],{"class":133},[71,143018,90],{"class":89},[71,143020,3184],{"class":99},[71,143022,60728],{"class":103},[71,143024,3184],{"class":99},[71,143026,5697],{"class":89},[71,143028,5108],{"class":1439},[71,143030,143031,143033,143035,143037,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,143032,128],{"class":127},[71,143034,90],{"class":89},[71,143036,3184],{"class":99},[71,143038,60728],{"class":103},[71,143040,3184],{"class":99},[71,143042,21290],{"class":4209},[71,143044,42972],{"class":133},[71,143046,3993],{"class":89},[71,143048,143049],{"class":1439},"           # True\n",[20,143051,135967,143052,60],{},[56,143053,127529],{"href":123748},[350,143055,5041,143057,1560,143059,143061],{"id":143056},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143058,36198],{},[15,143060,52795],{}," use index positions",[20,143063,143064,143065,60],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143066,2449],{},[62,143068,143070],{"className":64,"code":143069,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143071,143072,143085,143089],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143073,143074,143076,143078,143080,143083],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143075,34811],{"class":77},[71,143077,82],{"class":81},[71,143079,3683],{"class":99},[71,143081,143082],{"class":103},"abcdef",[71,143084,3689],{"class":99},[71,143086,143087],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143088,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,143090,143091,143093,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103,143105,143108,143110,143112,143114,143116],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,143092,128],{"class":127},[71,143094,90],{"class":89},[71,143096,34832],{"class":133},[71,143098,60],{"class":89},[71,143100,141569],{"class":133},[71,143102,90],{"class":89},[71,143104,3184],{"class":99},[71,143106,143107],{"class":103},"cd",[71,143109,3184],{"class":99},[71,143111,109],{"class":89},[71,143113,183],{"class":117},[71,143115,5697],{"class":89},[71,143117,3996],{"class":1439},[350,143119,143121],{"id":143120},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143123,143124],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143126,16757],{},[62,143128,143130],{"className":64,"code":143129,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143131,143132],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143133,143134],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143135,143129],{"class":1439},[20,143137,16769],{},[62,143139,143141],{"className":64,"code":143140,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143142,143143,143155],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143144,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143146,34811],{"class":77},[71,143148,82],{"class":81},[71,143150,3683],{"class":99},[71,143152,7637],{"class":103},[71,143154,3689],{"class":99},[71,143156,143157,143159,143161,143163,143165,143167,143169,143171,143173,143175,143177,143179,143182,143184,143186],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143158,128],{"class":127},[71,143160,90],{"class":89},[71,143162,34832],{"class":133},[71,143164,60],{"class":89},[71,143166,141569],{"class":133},[71,143168,5846],{"class":89},[71,143170,3184],{"class":99},[71,143172,141680],{"class":103},[71,143174,3184],{"class":99},[71,143176,109],{"class":89},[71,143178,3683],{"class":99},[71,143180,143181],{"class":103},"Ja",[71,143183,3184],{"class":99},[71,143185,51225],{"class":89},[71,143187,3996],{"class":1439},[20,143189,32204],{},[62,143191,143193],{"className":64,"code":143192,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143194,143195,143205,143219,143241,143267],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143196,143197,143199,143201,143203],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143198,128],{"class":127},[71,143200,90],{"class":89},[71,143202,34832],{"class":133},[71,143204,121],{"class":89},[71,143206,143207,143209,143211,143213,143215,143217],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143208,128],{"class":127},[71,143210,90],{"class":89},[71,143212,735],{"class":85},[71,143214,90],{"class":89},[71,143216,34832],{"class":133},[71,143218,204],{"class":89},[71,143220,143221,143223,143225,143227,143229,143231,143233,143235,143237,143239],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,143222,128],{"class":127},[71,143224,90],{"class":89},[71,143226,34832],{"class":133},[71,143228,60],{"class":89},[71,143230,141569],{"class":133},[71,143232,90],{"class":89},[71,143234,3184],{"class":99},[71,143236,141680],{"class":103},[71,143238,3184],{"class":99},[71,143240,204],{"class":89},[71,143242,143243,143245,143247,143249,143251,143253,143255,143257,143259,143261,143263,143265],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,143244,128],{"class":127},[71,143246,90],{"class":89},[71,143248,34832],{"class":133},[71,143250,60],{"class":89},[71,143252,8982],{"class":133},[71,143254,8979],{"class":89},[71,143256,141569],{"class":133},[71,143258,90],{"class":89},[71,143260,3184],{"class":99},[71,143262,128939],{"class":103},[71,143264,3184],{"class":99},[71,143266,204],{"class":89},[71,143268,143269,143271,143273,143275,143277,143279,143281,143283,143285,143287,143289,143291,143293,143295],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,143270,128],{"class":127},[71,143272,90],{"class":89},[71,143274,34832],{"class":133},[71,143276,60],{"class":89},[71,143278,141569],{"class":133},[71,143280,5846],{"class":89},[71,143282,3184],{"class":99},[71,143284,141680],{"class":103},[71,143286,3184],{"class":99},[71,143288,109],{"class":89},[71,143290,3683],{"class":99},[71,143292,143181],{"class":103},[71,143294,3184],{"class":99},[71,143296,3243],{"class":89},[288,143298,2163],{"id":2162},[350,143300,12813,143302,128339],{"id":143301},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143303,127861],{},[20,143305,143306,143307,3209,143309,60],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143308,3935],{},[15,143310,4006],{},[350,143312,2184,143314,143316],{"id":143313},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143315,127861],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143318,143319],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[62,143321,143323],{"className":64,"code":143322,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143324,143325],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143326,143327,143329,143331,143333,143335,143337,143339,143341,143343,143345,143347,143349],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143328,34832],{"class":77},[71,143330,60],{"class":89},[71,143332,141569],{"class":133},[71,143334,5846],{"class":89},[71,143336,3184],{"class":99},[71,143338,56],{"class":103},[71,143340,3184],{"class":99},[71,143342,109],{"class":89},[71,143344,3683],{"class":99},[71,143346,176],{"class":103},[71,143348,3184],{"class":99},[71,143350,204],{"class":89},[350,143352,15015,143354,124829],{"id":143353},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143355,127861],{},[20,143357,130022],{},[350,143359,2167,143361,1560,143363,2172],{"id":143360},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143362,127861],{},[15,143364,4216],{},[20,143366,143367,143369,143370,143372],{},[15,143368,127861],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143371,4216],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[350,143374,28448,143376,1560,143378,9046,143380,2172],{"id":143375},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143377,36198],{},[15,143379,52795],{},[15,143381,127861],{},[20,143383,143384],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[288,143386,2221],{"id":2220},[40,143388,143389,143395,143401,143407,143411],{},[43,143390,143391],{},[56,143392,126493,143393,1709],{"href":130087},[15,143394,126551],{},[43,143396,143397],{},[56,143398,126493,143399,1709],{"href":124503},[15,143400,124488],{},[43,143402,143403],{},[56,143404,126493,143405,1709],{"href":124220},[15,143406,124223],{},[43,143408,143409],{},[56,143410,124892],{"href":123748},[43,143412,143413],{},[56,143414,125248],{"href":51109},[2250,143416,143417],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":143419},[143420,143422,143423,143429,143430,143432,143433,143434,143436,143446,143458],{"id":141615,"depth":124,"text":143421},"What startswith() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":141894,"depth":124,"text":141895,"children":143424},[143425,143426,143427,143428],{"id":141732,"depth":139,"text":141732},{"id":36198,"depth":139,"text":36198},{"id":52795,"depth":139,"text":52795},{"id":142061,"depth":139,"text":142062},{"id":17532,"depth":124,"text":17533},{"id":142239,"depth":124,"text":143431},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142393,"depth":124,"text":142394},{"id":124139,"depth":124,"text":124140},{"id":142695,"depth":124,"text":143435},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":143437},[143438,143439,143441,143443,143445],{"id":142801,"depth":139,"text":138933},{"id":142884,"depth":139,"text":143440},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142964,"depth":139,"text":143442},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143056,"depth":139,"text":143444},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143120,"depth":139,"text":143121},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":143447},[143448,143450,143452,143454,143456],{"id":143301,"depth":139,"text":143449},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143313,"depth":139,"text":143451},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143353,"depth":139,"text":143453},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143360,"depth":139,"text":143455},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143375,"depth":139,"text":143457},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141515,"description":143459},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143466,"title":143467,"body":143468,"description":144922,"extension":2292,"meta":144923,"navigation":142,"path":144924,"seo":144925,"stem":144926,"__hash__":144927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143469,"toc":144892},[143470,143475,143480,143483,143485,143529,143531,143539,143544,143549,143554,143556,143574,143576,143622,143624,143638,143647,143651,143653,143655,143667,143672,143675,143707,143709,143718,143723,143726,143767,143769,143777,143779,143792,143798,143802,143805,143821,143823,143872,143874,143883,143886,143945,143947,143956,143963,143966,144019,144021,144045,144052,144058,144062,144068,144071,144082,144084,144124,144126,144134,144136,144176,144178,144187,144189,144207,144210,144217,144228,144231,144248,144250,144327,144329,144360,144363,144365,144368,144394,144396,144436,144438,144447,144457,144465,144473,144478,144483,144485,144499,144501,144552,144554,144563,144573,144575,144577,144599,144602,144681,144683,144719,144722,144797,144802,144804,144810,144815,144820,144823,144829,144832,144839,144847,144851,144859,144861,144889],[10,143471,123493,143473,11428],{"id":143472},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143474,41783],{},[20,143476,32439,143477,143479],{},[15,143478,41783],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143481,143482],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[288,143484,3940],{"id":3939},[62,143486,143488],{"className":64,"code":143487,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143489,143490,143503,143518],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143491,143492,143494,143496,143498,143501],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143493,34811],{"class":77},[71,143495,82],{"class":81},[71,143497,3683],{"class":99},[71,143499,143500],{"class":103},"  hello  ",[71,143502,3689],{"class":99},[71,143504,143505,143508,143510,143512,143514,143516],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143506,143507],{"class":77},"clean_text ",[71,143509,82],{"class":81},[71,143511,42972],{"class":77},[71,143513,60],{"class":89},[71,143515,8976],{"class":133},[71,143517,369],{"class":89},[71,143519,143520,143522,143524,143527],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,143521,128],{"class":127},[71,143523,90],{"class":89},[71,143525,143526],{"class":133},"clean_text",[71,143528,121],{"class":89},[20,143530,209],{},[62,143532,143533],{"className":64,"code":138808,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,143534,143535],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143536,143537],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143538,138808],{"class":77},[20,143540,283,143541,143543],{},[15,143542,41783],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[288,143545,291,143547,294],{"id":143546},"what-strip-does",[15,143548,41783],{},[20,143550,143551,143553],{},[15,143552,41783],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143555,13162],{},[40,143557,143558,143562,143565,143568,143571],{},[43,143559,143560,131843],{},[15,143561,41783],{},[43,143563,143564],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[43,143566,143567],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[43,143569,143570],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[43,143572,143573],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143575,2537],{},[62,143577,143579],{"className":64,"code":143578,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143580,143581,143594,143598,143612],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143582,143583,143585,143587,143589,143592],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143584,34811],{"class":77},[71,143586,82],{"class":81},[71,143588,3683],{"class":99},[71,143590,143591],{"class":103},"  hello world  ",[71,143593,3689],{"class":99},[71,143595,143596],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143597,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,143599,143600,143602,143604,143606,143608,143610],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,143601,128],{"class":127},[71,143603,90],{"class":89},[71,143605,34832],{"class":133},[71,143607,60],{"class":89},[71,143609,8976],{"class":133},[71,143611,7534],{"class":89},[71,143613,143614,143616,143618,143620],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,143615,128],{"class":127},[71,143617,90],{"class":89},[71,143619,34832],{"class":133},[71,143621,121],{"class":89},[20,143623,209],{},[62,143625,143627],{"className":64,"code":143626,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143628,143629,143633],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143630,143631],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143632,134509],{"class":77},[71,143634,143635],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143636,143637],{"class":77},"  hello world\n",[20,143639,143640,143641,143643,143644,143646],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143642,41783],{},", but the original ",[15,143645,34832],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143648,125245,143649,60],{},[56,143650,125248],{"href":51109},[288,143652,343],{"id":342},[20,143654,26606],{},[40,143656,143657,143662],{},[43,143658,143659],{},[15,143660,143661],{},"string.strip()",[43,143663,143664],{},[15,143665,143666],{},"string.strip(chars)",[350,143668,143670],{"id":143669},"stringstrip",[15,143671,143661],{},[20,143673,143674],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[62,143676,143678],{"className":64,"code":143677,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143679,143680,143693],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143681,143682,143684,143686,143688,143691],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143683,8215],{"class":77},[71,143685,82],{"class":81},[71,143687,3683],{"class":99},[71,143689,143690],{"class":103},"  Alice  ",[71,143692,3689],{"class":99},[71,143694,143695,143697,143699,143701,143703,143705],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143696,128],{"class":127},[71,143698,90],{"class":89},[71,143700,94],{"class":133},[71,143702,60],{"class":89},[71,143704,8976],{"class":133},[71,143706,7534],{"class":89},[20,143708,209],{},[62,143710,143712],{"className":64,"code":143711,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Alice\n",[15,143713,143714],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143715,143716],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143717,143711],{"class":77},[350,143719,143721],{"id":143720},"stringstripchars",[15,143722,143666],{},[20,143724,143725],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[62,143727,143729],{"className":64,"code":143728,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143730,143731,143744],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143732,143733,143735,143737,143739,143742],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143734,34811],{"class":77},[71,143736,82],{"class":81},[71,143738,3683],{"class":99},[71,143740,143741],{"class":103},"!!hello??",[71,143743,3689],{"class":99},[71,143745,143746,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760,143763,143765],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143747,128],{"class":127},[71,143749,90],{"class":89},[71,143751,34832],{"class":133},[71,143753,60],{"class":89},[71,143755,8976],{"class":133},[71,143757,90],{"class":89},[71,143759,3184],{"class":99},[71,143761,143762],{"class":103},"!?",[71,143764,3184],{"class":99},[71,143766,204],{"class":89},[20,143768,209],{},[62,143770,143771],{"className":64,"code":138808,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,143772,143773],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143774,143775],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143776,138808],{"class":77},[20,143778,83959],{},[40,143780,143781,143786],{},[43,143782,143783,143785],{},[15,143784,134752],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[43,143787,143788,143789,143791],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143790,134752],{}," does not matter",[288,143793,143795,143796],{"id":143794},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143797,41783],{},[20,143799,31006,143800,60],{},[15,143801,41783],{},[20,143803,143804],{},"It is useful for:",[40,143806,143807,143812,143815,143818],{},[43,143808,143809,143810,4219],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143811,3289],{},[43,143813,143814],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[43,143816,143817],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[43,143819,143820],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143822,48494],{},[62,143824,143826],{"className":64,"code":143825,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143827,143828,143841,143857,143861],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143829,143830,143832,143834,143836,143839],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143831,8300],{"class":77},[71,143833,82],{"class":81},[71,143835,3683],{"class":99},[71,143837,143838],{"class":103},"  sam  ",[71,143840,3689],{"class":99},[71,143842,143843,143846,143848,143851,143853,143855],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143844,143845],{"class":77},"clean_username ",[71,143847,82],{"class":81},[71,143849,143850],{"class":77}," username",[71,143852,60],{"class":89},[71,143854,8976],{"class":133},[71,143856,369],{"class":89},[71,143858,143859],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,143860,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,143862,143863,143865,143867,143870],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,143864,128],{"class":127},[71,143866,90],{"class":89},[71,143868,143869],{"class":133},"clean_username",[71,143871,121],{"class":89},[20,143873,209],{},[62,143875,143877],{"className":64,"code":143876,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"sam\n",[15,143878,143879],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143880,143881],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143882,143876],{"class":77},[20,143884,143885],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[62,143887,143889],{"className":64,"code":143888,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143890,143891,143904,143908,143930],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143892,143893,143895,143897,143899,143902],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143894,136736],{"class":77},[71,143896,82],{"class":81},[71,143898,3683],{"class":99},[71,143900,143901],{"class":103}," yes  ",[71,143903,3689],{"class":99},[71,143905,143906],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143907,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,143909,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918,143920,143922,143924,143926,143928],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,143911,7337],{"class":4209},[71,143913,136756],{"class":77},[71,143915,60],{"class":89},[71,143917,8976],{"class":133},[71,143919,7706],{"class":89},[71,143921,6746],{"class":81},[71,143923,3683],{"class":99},[71,143925,8999],{"class":103},[71,143927,3184],{"class":99},[71,143929,6731],{"class":89},[71,143931,143932,143934,143936,143938,143941,143943],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,143933,8408],{"class":127},[71,143935,90],{"class":89},[71,143937,3184],{"class":99},[71,143939,143940],{"class":103},"Matched",[71,143942,3184],{"class":99},[71,143944,121],{"class":89},[20,143946,209],{},[62,143948,143950],{"className":64,"code":143949,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Matched\n",[15,143951,143952],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143953,143954],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143955,143949],{"class":77},[20,143957,143958,143959,60],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[56,143960,143962],{"href":143961},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143964,143965],{},"Example with file-style text:",[62,143967,143969],{"className":64,"code":143968,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143970,143971,143987,144001],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,143972,143973,143976,143978,143980,143983,143985],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,143974,143975],{"class":77},"line ",[71,143977,82],{"class":81},[71,143979,3683],{"class":99},[71,143981,143982],{"class":103},"Python basics",[71,143984,87291],{"class":34576},[71,143986,3689],{"class":99},[71,143988,143989,143991,143993,143995,143997,143999],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,143990,128],{"class":127},[71,143992,90],{"class":89},[71,143994,41909],{"class":127},[71,143996,90],{"class":89},[71,143998,73],{"class":133},[71,144000,204],{"class":89},[71,144002,144003,144005,144007,144009,144011,144013,144015,144017],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,144004,128],{"class":127},[71,144006,90],{"class":89},[71,144008,41909],{"class":127},[71,144010,90],{"class":89},[71,144012,73],{"class":133},[71,144014,60],{"class":89},[71,144016,8976],{"class":133},[71,144018,6627],{"class":89},[20,144020,209],{},[62,144022,144024],{"className":64,"code":144023,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144025,144026,144037],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144027,144028,144030,144032,144035],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144029,100],{"class":43459},[71,144031,143982],{"class":43463},[71,144033,87291],{"class":144034},"sfi6f",[71,144036,29820],{"class":43459},[71,144038,144039,144041,144043],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144040,100],{"class":43459},[71,144042,143982],{"class":43463},[71,144044,29820],{"class":43459},[20,144046,8758,144047,144049,144050,60],{},[15,144048,122707],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144051,87291],{},[20,144053,144054,144055,60],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[56,144056,144057],{"href":87944},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[288,144059,144061],{"id":144060},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144063,144064,144065,60],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144066,144067],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144069,144070],{},"Python will:",[40,144072,144073,144076,144079],{},[43,144074,144075],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[43,144077,144078],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[43,144080,144081],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144083,2537],{},[62,144085,144087],{"className":64,"code":144086,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144088,144089,144102],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144090,144091,144093,144095,144097,144100],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144092,34811],{"class":77},[71,144094,82],{"class":81},[71,144096,3683],{"class":99},[71,144098,144099],{"class":103},"??hello!!",[71,144101,3689],{"class":99},[71,144103,144104,144106,144108,144110,144112,144114,144116,144118,144120,144122],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144105,128],{"class":127},[71,144107,90],{"class":89},[71,144109,34832],{"class":133},[71,144111,60],{"class":89},[71,144113,8976],{"class":133},[71,144115,90],{"class":89},[71,144117,3184],{"class":99},[71,144119,143762],{"class":103},[71,144121,3184],{"class":99},[71,144123,204],{"class":89},[20,144125,209],{},[62,144127,144128],{"className":64,"code":138808,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,144129,144130],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144131,144132],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144133,138808],{"class":77},[20,144135,52214],{},[62,144137,144139],{"className":64,"code":144138,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144140,144141,144154],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144142,144143,144145,144147,144149,144152],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144144,34811],{"class":77},[71,144146,82],{"class":81},[71,144148,3683],{"class":99},[71,144150,144151],{"class":103},"abcHelloCba",[71,144153,3689],{"class":99},[71,144155,144156,144158,144160,144162,144164,144166,144168,144170,144172,144174],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144157,128],{"class":127},[71,144159,90],{"class":89},[71,144161,34832],{"class":133},[71,144163,60],{"class":89},[71,144165,8976],{"class":133},[71,144167,90],{"class":89},[71,144169,3184],{"class":99},[71,144171,41690],{"class":103},[71,144173,3184],{"class":99},[71,144175,204],{"class":89},[20,144177,209],{},[62,144179,144181],{"className":64,"code":144180,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"HelloC\n",[15,144182,144183],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144184,144185],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144186,144180],{"class":77},[20,144188,6572],{},[20,144190,144191,14165,144194,144196,144197,144199,144200,2518,144202,2522,144204,144206],{},[15,144192,144193],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[30,144195,4967],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144198,41690],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144201,56],{},[15,144203,176],{},[15,144205,694],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144208,144209],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144211,144212,144213,6970],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[56,144214,144215],{"href":130074},[15,144216,124664],{},[288,144218,144220,1552,144222,1552,144225],{"id":144219},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144221,41783],{},[15,144223,144224],{},"lstrip()",[15,144226,144227],{},"rstrip()",[20,144229,144230],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[40,144232,144233,144238,144243],{},[43,144234,144235,144237],{},[15,144236,41783],{}," removes from both ends",[43,144239,144240,144242],{},[15,144241,144224],{}," removes from the left side only",[43,144244,144245,144247],{},[15,144246,144227],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144249,2537],{},[62,144251,144253],{"className":64,"code":144252,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144254,144255,144267,144271,144289,144308],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144256,144257,144259,144261,144263,144265],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144258,34811],{"class":77},[71,144260,82],{"class":81},[71,144262,3683],{"class":99},[71,144264,143500],{"class":103},[71,144266,3689],{"class":99},[71,144268,144269],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144270,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,144272,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283,144285,144287],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,144274,128],{"class":127},[71,144276,90],{"class":89},[71,144278,41909],{"class":127},[71,144280,90],{"class":89},[71,144282,34832],{"class":133},[71,144284,60],{"class":89},[71,144286,8976],{"class":133},[71,144288,6627],{"class":89},[71,144290,144291,144293,144295,144297,144299,144301,144303,144306],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,144292,128],{"class":127},[71,144294,90],{"class":89},[71,144296,41909],{"class":127},[71,144298,90],{"class":89},[71,144300,34832],{"class":133},[71,144302,60],{"class":89},[71,144304,144305],{"class":133},"lstrip",[71,144307,6627],{"class":89},[71,144309,144310,144312,144314,144316,144318,144320,144322,144325],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,144311,128],{"class":127},[71,144313,90],{"class":89},[71,144315,41909],{"class":127},[71,144317,90],{"class":89},[71,144319,34832],{"class":133},[71,144321,60],{"class":89},[71,144323,144324],{"class":133},"rstrip",[71,144326,6627],{"class":89},[20,144328,209],{},[62,144330,144332],{"className":64,"code":144331,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144333,144334,144342,144351],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144335,144336,144338,144340],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144337,100],{"class":43459},[71,144339,4177],{"class":43463},[71,144341,29820],{"class":43459},[71,144343,144344,144346,144349],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144345,100],{"class":43459},[71,144347,144348],{"class":43463},"hello  ",[71,144350,29820],{"class":43459},[71,144352,144353,144355,144358],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,144354,100],{"class":43459},[71,144356,144357],{"class":43463},"  hello",[71,144359,29820],{"class":43459},[20,144361,144362],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[288,144364,108501],{"id":108500},[20,144366,144367],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[40,144369,144370,144378,144388,144391],{},[43,144371,144372,144374,144375,144377],{},[15,144373,144193],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144376,41659],{}," once",[43,144379,144380,144381,2518,144383,2522,144385,144387],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144382,56],{},[15,144384,176],{},[15,144386,694],{}," from both ends",[43,144389,144390],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[43,144392,144393],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144395,2537],{},[62,144397,144399],{"className":64,"code":144398,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144400,144401,144414],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144402,144403,144405,144407,144409,144412],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144404,126576],{"class":77},[71,144406,82],{"class":81},[71,144408,3683],{"class":99},[71,144410,144411],{"class":103},"txt_report.txt",[71,144413,3689],{"class":99},[71,144415,144416,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428,144430,144432,144434],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144417,128],{"class":127},[71,144419,90],{"class":89},[71,144421,126594],{"class":133},[71,144423,60],{"class":89},[71,144425,8976],{"class":133},[71,144427,90],{"class":89},[71,144429,3184],{"class":99},[71,144431,126629],{"class":103},[71,144433,3184],{"class":99},[71,144435,204],{"class":89},[20,144437,209],{},[62,144439,144441],{"className":64,"code":144440,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"_report\n",[15,144442,144443],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144444,144445],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144446,144440],{"class":77},[20,144448,144449,144450,2518,144452,2522,144454,144456],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144451,60],{},[15,144453,63424],{},[15,144455,1986],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144458,53788,144459,5120,144462,144464],{},[15,144460,144461],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[30,144463,4967],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144466,144467,144468,144472],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[56,144469,144470],{"href":130074},[15,144471,124664],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[288,144474,5298,144476],{"id":144475},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144477,41783],{},[20,144479,283,144480,144482],{},[15,144481,41783],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144484,36552],{},[40,144486,144487,144491,144493,144496],{},[43,144488,143809,144489,4219],{},[15,144490,3289],{},[43,144492,143814],{},[43,144494,144495],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[43,144497,144498],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144500,2537],{},[62,144502,144504],{"className":64,"code":144503,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144505,144506,144520,144524,144537],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144507,144508,144511,144513,144515,144518],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144509,144510],{"class":77},"email ",[71,144512,82],{"class":81},[71,144514,3683],{"class":99},[71,144516,144517],{"class":103},"  user@example.com  ",[71,144519,3689],{"class":99},[71,144521,144522],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144523,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,144525,144526,144528,144531,144533,144535],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,144527,7337],{"class":4209},[71,144529,144530],{"class":77}," email",[71,144532,60],{"class":89},[71,144534,8976],{"class":133},[71,144536,21712],{"class":89},[71,144538,144539,144541,144543,144545,144548,144550],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,144540,8408],{"class":127},[71,144542,90],{"class":89},[71,144544,3184],{"class":99},[71,144546,144547],{"class":103},"Email was entered",[71,144549,3184],{"class":99},[71,144551,121],{"class":89},[20,144553,209],{},[62,144555,144557],{"className":64,"code":144556,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Email was entered\n",[15,144558,144559],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144560,144561],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144562,144556],{"class":77},[20,144564,144565,144566,144568,144569,60],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144567,41783],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[56,144570,144571],{"href":124220},[15,144572,124223],{},[288,144574,2054],{"id":2053},[20,144576,84378],{},[40,144578,144579,144583,144588,144593],{},[43,144580,8794,144581,131713],{},[15,144582,41783],{},[43,144584,8794,144585,144587],{},[15,144586,41783],{}," to remove text from the middle",[43,144589,8758,144590,144592],{},[15,144591,144461],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[43,144594,5041,144595,144598],{},[15,144596,144597],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144600,144601],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[62,144603,144605],{"className":64,"code":144604,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144606,144607,144621,144625,144635,144649,144663],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144608,144609,144611,144613,144615,144617,144619],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144610,34811],{"class":77},[71,144612,82],{"class":81},[71,144614,3683],{"class":99},[71,144616,144357],{"class":103},[71,144618,87291],{"class":34576},[71,144620,3689],{"class":99},[71,144622,144623],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144624,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,144626,144627,144629,144631,144633],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,144628,128],{"class":127},[71,144630,90],{"class":89},[71,144632,34832],{"class":133},[71,144634,121],{"class":89},[71,144636,144637,144639,144641,144643,144645,144647],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,144638,128],{"class":127},[71,144640,90],{"class":89},[71,144642,41909],{"class":127},[71,144644,90],{"class":89},[71,144646,34832],{"class":133},[71,144648,204],{"class":89},[71,144650,144651,144653,144655,144657,144659,144661],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,144652,128],{"class":127},[71,144654,90],{"class":89},[71,144656,34832],{"class":133},[71,144658,60],{"class":89},[71,144660,8976],{"class":133},[71,144662,7534],{"class":89},[71,144664,144665,144667,144669,144671,144673,144675,144677,144679],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,144666,128],{"class":127},[71,144668,90],{"class":89},[71,144670,41909],{"class":127},[71,144672,90],{"class":89},[71,144674,34832],{"class":133},[71,144676,60],{"class":89},[71,144678,8976],{"class":133},[71,144680,6627],{"class":89},[20,144682,209],{},[62,144684,144686],{"className":64,"code":144685,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144687,144688,144693,144697,144707,144711],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144689,144690],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144691,144692],{"class":77},"  hello\n",[71,144694,144695],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144696,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,144698,144699,144701,144703,144705],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,144700,100],{"class":43459},[71,144702,144357],{"class":43463},[71,144704,87291],{"class":144034},[71,144706,29820],{"class":43459},[71,144708,144709],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,144710,138808],{"class":77},[71,144712,144713,144715,144717],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,144714,100],{"class":43459},[71,144716,4177],{"class":43463},[71,144718,29820],{"class":43459},[20,144720,144721],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[62,144723,144725],{"className":64,"code":144724,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144726,144727,144737,144751,144765,144783],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144728,144729,144731,144733,144735],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144730,128],{"class":127},[71,144732,90],{"class":89},[71,144734,34832],{"class":133},[71,144736,121],{"class":89},[71,144738,144739,144741,144743,144745,144747,144749],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144740,128],{"class":127},[71,144742,90],{"class":89},[71,144744,41909],{"class":127},[71,144746,90],{"class":89},[71,144748,34832],{"class":133},[71,144750,204],{"class":89},[71,144752,144753,144755,144757,144759,144761,144763],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,144754,128],{"class":127},[71,144756,90],{"class":89},[71,144758,34832],{"class":133},[71,144760,60],{"class":89},[71,144762,8976],{"class":133},[71,144764,7534],{"class":89},[71,144766,144767,144769,144771,144773,144775,144777,144779,144781],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,144768,128],{"class":127},[71,144770,90],{"class":89},[71,144772,41909],{"class":127},[71,144774,90],{"class":89},[71,144776,34832],{"class":133},[71,144778,60],{"class":89},[71,144780,8976],{"class":133},[71,144782,6627],{"class":89},[71,144784,144785,144787,144789,144791,144793,144795],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,144786,32274],{"class":127},[71,144788,90],{"class":89},[71,144790,3775],{"class":85},[71,144792,60],{"class":89},[71,144794,8976],{"class":24868},[71,144796,121],{"class":89},[20,144798,144799,144801],{},[15,144800,122707],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[288,144803,2163],{"id":2162},[350,144805,12813,144807,144809],{"id":144806},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144808,41783],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144811,46497,144812,144814],{},[15,144813,41783],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[350,144816,12813,144818,124820],{"id":144817},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144819,41783],{},[20,144821,144822],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[350,144824,5479,144826,144828],{"id":144825},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144827,41783],{}," remove by default?",[20,144830,144831],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[350,144833,34328,144835,34331,144837,2172],{"id":144834},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144836,41783],{},[15,144838,124664],{},[20,144840,144841,144843,144844,144846],{},[15,144842,41783],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144845,124664],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[350,144848,144850],{"id":144849},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144852,128366,144853,144855,144856,144858],{},[15,144854,144224],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144857,144227],{}," for the right side.",[288,144860,2221],{"id":2220},[40,144862,144863,144869,144875,144880,144885],{},[43,144864,144865],{},[56,144866,126493,144867,1709],{"href":124220},[15,144868,124223],{},[43,144870,144871],{},[56,144872,126493,144873,1709],{"href":130074},[15,144874,124664],{},[43,144876,144877],{},[56,144878,144879],{"href":143961},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[43,144881,144882],{},[56,144883,144884],{"href":87944},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[43,144886,144887],{},[56,144888,125248],{"href":51109},[2250,144890,144891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":144893},[144894,144895,144897,144901,144903,144904,144906,144907,144909,144910,144921],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":143546,"depth":124,"text":144896},"What strip() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":144898},[144899,144900],{"id":143669,"depth":139,"text":143661},{"id":143720,"depth":139,"text":143666},{"id":143794,"depth":124,"text":144902},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144060,"depth":124,"text":144061},{"id":144219,"depth":124,"text":144905},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108500,"depth":124,"text":108501},{"id":144475,"depth":124,"text":144908},"When to use strip()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":144911},[144912,144914,144916,144918,144920],{"id":144806,"depth":139,"text":144913},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144817,"depth":139,"text":144915},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144825,"depth":139,"text":144917},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144834,"depth":139,"text":144919},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144849,"depth":139,"text":144850},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143467,"description":144922},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144929,"title":144930,"body":144931,"description":146111,"extension":2292,"meta":146112,"navigation":142,"path":146113,"seo":146114,"stem":146115,"__hash__":146116},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144932,"toc":146081},[144933,144938,144943,144948,144950,144996,145004,145009,145023,145029,145031,145033,145048,145050,145060,145063,145094,145097,145120,145122,145125,145182,145184,145198,145200,145214,145220,145225,145228,145269,145271,145280,145288,145291,145336,145338,145347,145350,145354,145359,145373,145375,145407,145409,145429,145432,145437,145442,145444,145455,145458,145515,145517,145525,145534,145536,145538,145544,145546,145583,145585,145593,145595,145636,145638,145647,145652,145657,145659,145686,145693,145696,145727,145729,145738,145744,145753,145784,145786,145798,145811,145815,145820,145850,145852,145919,145921,145931,145933,145938,145941,145946,145951,145955,145961,145967,145970,145972,146030,146032,146040,146042,146078],[10,144934,123493,144936,11428],{"id":144935},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144937,128371],{},[20,144939,123498,144940,144942],{},[15,144941,128371],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144944,84755,144945,144947],{},[15,144946,128371],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[288,144949,2334],{"id":2333},[62,144951,144953],{"className":64,"code":144952,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144954,144955,144967,144981,144991],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,144956,144957,144959,144961,144963,144965],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,144958,34811],{"class":77},[71,144960,82],{"class":81},[71,144962,3683],{"class":99},[71,144964,129212],{"class":103},[71,144966,3689],{"class":99},[71,144968,144969,144971,144973,144975,144977,144979],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,144970,1102],{"class":77},[71,144972,82],{"class":81},[71,144974,42972],{"class":77},[71,144976,60],{"class":89},[71,144978,34601],{"class":133},[71,144980,369],{"class":89},[71,144982,144983,144985,144987,144989],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,144984,128],{"class":127},[71,144986,90],{"class":89},[71,144988,2594],{"class":133},[71,144990,121],{"class":89},[71,144992,144993],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,144994,144995],{"class":1439},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144997,144998,145000,145001,145003],{},[15,144999,128371],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[30,145002,4967],{}," change the original string in place.",[288,145005,291,145007,294],{"id":145006},"what-upper-does",[15,145008,128371],{},[40,145010,145011,145016,145019,145021],{},[43,145012,145013,145015],{},[15,145014,128371],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[43,145017,145018],{},"It works on string values only",[43,145020,133741],{},[43,145022,136459],{},[20,145024,125245,145025,3209,145027,60],{},[56,145026,136465],{"href":136464},[56,145028,125248],{"href":51109},[288,145030,343],{"id":342},[20,145032,2489],{},[62,145034,145036],{"className":64,"code":145035,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"string.upper()\n",[15,145037,145038],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145039,145040,145042,145044,145046],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145041,61311],{"class":77},[71,145043,60],{"class":89},[71,145045,34601],{"class":133},[71,145047,369],{"class":89},[20,145049,11565],{},[40,145051,145052,145054,145057],{},[43,145053,97666],{},[43,145055,145056],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[43,145058,145059],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145061,145062],{},"Example with a variable:",[62,145064,145066],{"className":64,"code":145065,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145067,145068,145080],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145069,145070,145072,145074,145076,145078],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145071,8215],{"class":77},[71,145073,82],{"class":81},[71,145075,3683],{"class":99},[71,145077,66],{"class":103},[71,145079,3689],{"class":99},[71,145081,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090,145092],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145083,128],{"class":127},[71,145085,90],{"class":89},[71,145087,94],{"class":133},[71,145089,60],{"class":89},[71,145091,34601],{"class":133},[71,145093,7534],{"class":89},[20,145095,145096],{},"Example with a string literal:",[62,145098,145100],{"className":64,"code":145099,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145101,145102],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114,145116,145118],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145105,128],{"class":127},[71,145107,90],{"class":89},[71,145109,3184],{"class":99},[71,145111,4177],{"class":103},[71,145113,3184],{"class":99},[71,145115,60],{"class":89},[71,145117,34601],{"class":133},[71,145119,7534],{"class":89},[288,145121,11582],{"id":11581},[20,145123,145124],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[62,145126,145128],{"className":64,"code":145127,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145129,145130,145142,145157,145161,145171],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145131,145132,145134,145136,145138,145140],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145133,6491],{"class":77},[71,145135,82],{"class":81},[71,145137,3683],{"class":99},[71,145139,4423],{"class":103},[71,145141,3689],{"class":99},[71,145143,145144,145147,145149,145151,145153,145155],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145145,145146],{"class":77},"uppercase_word ",[71,145148,82],{"class":81},[71,145150,38509],{"class":77},[71,145152,60],{"class":89},[71,145154,34601],{"class":133},[71,145156,369],{"class":89},[71,145158,145159],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,145160,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,145162,145163,145165,145167,145169],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,145164,128],{"class":127},[71,145166,90],{"class":89},[71,145168,38519],{"class":133},[71,145170,121],{"class":89},[71,145172,145173,145175,145177,145180],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,145174,128],{"class":127},[71,145176,90],{"class":89},[71,145178,145179],{"class":133},"uppercase_word",[71,145181,121],{"class":89},[20,145183,209],{},[62,145185,145187],{"className":64,"code":145186,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145188,145189,145193],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145190,145191],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145192,70544],{"class":77},[71,145194,145195],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145196,145197],{"class":34576},"BANANA\n",[20,145199,112607],{},[40,145201,145202,145207],{},[43,145203,145204,145206],{},[15,145205,38519],{}," keeps its original value",[43,145208,145209,145211,145212],{},[15,145210,145179],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145213,128371],{},[288,145215,145217,145219],{"id":145216},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145218,128371],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145221,137125,145222,145224],{},[30,145223,137128],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145226,145227],{},"So this method:",[62,145229,145231],{"className":64,"code":145230,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145232,145233,145245,145255,145259],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145234,145235,145237,145239,145241,145243],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145236,8215],{"class":77},[71,145238,82],{"class":81},[71,145240,3683],{"class":99},[71,145242,17918],{"class":103},[71,145244,3689],{"class":99},[71,145246,145247,145249,145251,145253],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145248,94],{"class":77},[71,145250,60],{"class":89},[71,145252,34601],{"class":133},[71,145254,369],{"class":89},[71,145256,145257],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,145258,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,145260,145261,145263,145265,145267],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,145262,128],{"class":127},[71,145264,90],{"class":89},[71,145266,94],{"class":133},[71,145268,121],{"class":89},[20,145270,209],{},[62,145272,145274],{"className":64,"code":145273,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"alice\n",[15,145275,145276],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145277,145278],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145279,145273],{"class":77},[20,145281,21094,145282,145284,145285,145287],{},[15,145283,128371],{}," was called, ",[15,145286,94],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145289,145290],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[62,145292,145294],{"className":64,"code":145293,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145295,145296,145308,145322,145326],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145297,145298,145300,145302,145304,145306],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145299,8215],{"class":77},[71,145301,82],{"class":81},[71,145303,3683],{"class":99},[71,145305,17918],{"class":103},[71,145307,3689],{"class":99},[71,145309,145310,145312,145314,145316,145318,145320],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145311,8215],{"class":77},[71,145313,82],{"class":81},[71,145315,36117],{"class":77},[71,145317,60],{"class":89},[71,145319,34601],{"class":133},[71,145321,369],{"class":89},[71,145323,145324],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,145325,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,145327,145328,145330,145332,145334],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,145329,128],{"class":127},[71,145331,90],{"class":89},[71,145333,94],{"class":133},[71,145335,121],{"class":89},[20,145337,209],{},[62,145339,145341],{"className":64,"code":145340,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"ALICE\n",[15,145342,145343],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145344,145345],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145346,145340],{"class":34576},[20,145348,145349],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[288,145351,145353],{"id":145352},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145355,145356,145358],{},[15,145357,128371],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[40,145360,145361,145364,145367,145370],{},[43,145362,145363],{},"Numbers stay the same",[43,145365,145366],{},"Spaces stay the same",[43,145368,145369],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[43,145371,145372],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145374,2537],{},[62,145376,145378],{"className":64,"code":145377,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145379,145380,145393],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145381,145382,145384,145386,145388,145391],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145383,34811],{"class":77},[71,145385,82],{"class":81},[71,145387,3683],{"class":99},[71,145389,145390],{"class":103},"Room 7, table #3!",[71,145392,3689],{"class":99},[71,145394,145395,145397,145399,145401,145403,145405],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145396,128],{"class":127},[71,145398,90],{"class":89},[71,145400,34832],{"class":133},[71,145402,60],{"class":89},[71,145404,34601],{"class":133},[71,145406,7534],{"class":89},[20,145408,209],{},[62,145410,145412],{"className":64,"code":145411,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145413,145414],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145415,145416,145419,145421,145423,145426],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145417,145418],{"class":34576},"ROOM",[71,145420,6330],{"class":117},[71,145422,109],{"class":89},[71,145424,145425],{"class":34576}," TABLE",[71,145427,145428],{"class":1439}," #3!\n",[20,145430,145431],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[288,145433,5298,145435],{"id":145434},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145436,128371],{},[20,145438,145439,145441],{},[15,145440,128371],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145443,48472],{},[40,145445,145446,145449,145452],{},[43,145447,145448],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[43,145450,145451],{},"Format labels or headings",[43,145453,145454],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145456,145457],{},"Example: simple comparison",[62,145459,145461],{"className":64,"code":145460,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145462,145463,145475,145479,145501],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145464,145465,145467,145469,145471,145473],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145466,136736],{"class":77},[71,145468,82],{"class":81},[71,145470,3683],{"class":99},[71,145472,8999],{"class":103},[71,145474,3689],{"class":99},[71,145476,145477],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145478,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,145480,145481,145483,145485,145487,145489,145491,145493,145495,145497,145499],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,145482,7337],{"class":4209},[71,145484,136756],{"class":77},[71,145486,60],{"class":89},[71,145488,34601],{"class":133},[71,145490,7706],{"class":89},[71,145492,6746],{"class":81},[71,145494,3683],{"class":99},[71,145496,136743],{"class":103},[71,145498,3184],{"class":99},[71,145500,6731],{"class":89},[71,145502,145503,145505,145507,145509,145511,145513],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,145504,8408],{"class":127},[71,145506,90],{"class":89},[71,145508,3184],{"class":99},[71,145510,143940],{"class":103},[71,145512,3184],{"class":99},[71,145514,121],{"class":89},[20,145516,209],{},[62,145518,145519],{"className":64,"code":143949,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,145520,145521],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145522,145523],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145524,143949],{"class":77},[20,145526,145527,145528,2518,145530,2522,145532,60],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145529,8999],{},[15,145531,137529],{},[15,145533,136743],{},[288,145535,2054],{"id":2053},[350,145537,96027],{"id":96026},[20,145539,8456,145540,145543],{},[15,145541,145542],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145545,16757],{},[62,145547,145549],{"className":64,"code":145548,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145550,145551,145563,145573],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145552,145553,145555,145557,145559,145561],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145554,34811],{"class":77},[71,145556,82],{"class":81},[71,145558,3683],{"class":99},[71,145560,4177],{"class":103},[71,145562,3689],{"class":99},[71,145564,145565,145567,145569,145571],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145566,34832],{"class":77},[71,145568,60],{"class":89},[71,145570,34601],{"class":133},[71,145572,369],{"class":89},[71,145574,145575,145577,145579,145581],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,145576,128],{"class":127},[71,145578,90],{"class":89},[71,145580,34832],{"class":133},[71,145582,121],{"class":89},[20,145584,209],{},[62,145586,145587],{"className":64,"code":138808,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,145588,145589],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145590,145591],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145592,138808],{"class":77},[20,145594,16769],{},[62,145596,145598],{"className":64,"code":145597,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145599,145600,145612,145626],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145601,145602,145604,145606,145608,145610],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145603,34811],{"class":77},[71,145605,82],{"class":81},[71,145607,3683],{"class":99},[71,145609,4177],{"class":103},[71,145611,3689],{"class":99},[71,145613,145614,145616,145618,145620,145622,145624],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145615,34811],{"class":77},[71,145617,82],{"class":81},[71,145619,42972],{"class":77},[71,145621,60],{"class":89},[71,145623,34601],{"class":133},[71,145625,369],{"class":89},[71,145627,145628,145630,145632,145634],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,145629,128],{"class":127},[71,145631,90],{"class":89},[71,145633,34832],{"class":133},[71,145635,121],{"class":89},[20,145637,209],{},[62,145639,145641],{"className":64,"code":145640,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"HELLO\n",[15,145642,145643],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145644,145645],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145646,145640],{"class":34576},[350,145648,19023,145650,137415],{"id":145649},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145651,128371],{},[20,145653,145654,145656],{},[15,145655,128371],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145658,2537],{},[62,145660,145662],{"className":64,"code":145661,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145663,145664,145672],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145665,145666,145668,145670],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145667,2547],{"class":77},[71,145669,82],{"class":81},[71,145671,125175],{"class":117},[71,145673,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682,145684],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145675,128],{"class":127},[71,145677,90],{"class":89},[71,145679,2569],{"class":133},[71,145681,60],{"class":89},[71,145683,34601],{"class":133},[71,145685,7534],{"class":89},[20,145687,39782,145688,145690,145691,33723],{},[15,145689,2517],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145692,128371],{},[20,145694,145695],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[62,145697,145699],{"className":64,"code":145698,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145700,145701,145709],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145702,145703,145705,145707],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145704,2547],{"class":77},[71,145706,82],{"class":81},[71,145708,125175],{"class":117},[71,145710,145711,145713,145715,145717,145719,145721,145723,145725],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145712,128],{"class":127},[71,145714,90],{"class":89},[71,145716,3775],{"class":85},[71,145718,90],{"class":89},[71,145720,2569],{"class":133},[71,145722,8973],{"class":89},[71,145724,34601],{"class":133},[71,145726,7534],{"class":89},[20,145728,209],{},[62,145730,145732],{"className":64,"code":145731,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"123\n",[15,145733,145734],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145735,145736],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145737,145731],{"class":117},[350,145739,37331,145741,145743],{"id":145740},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145742,128371],{}," with title case",[20,145745,145746,145748,145749,145752],{},[15,145747,128371],{}," makes ",[30,145750,145751],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[62,145754,145756],{"className":64,"code":145755,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145757,145758,145770],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145759,145760,145762,145764,145766,145768],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145761,34811],{"class":77},[71,145763,82],{"class":81},[71,145765,3683],{"class":99},[71,145767,60543],{"class":103},[71,145769,3689],{"class":99},[71,145771,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145773,128],{"class":127},[71,145775,90],{"class":89},[71,145777,34832],{"class":133},[71,145779,60],{"class":89},[71,145781,34601],{"class":133},[71,145783,7534],{"class":89},[20,145785,209],{},[62,145787,145789],{"className":64,"code":145788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145790,145791],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145792,145793,145795],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145794,136517],{"class":34576},[71,145796,145797],{"class":34576}," WORLD\n",[20,145799,145800,145801,145805,145806,145810],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[56,145802,145803],{"href":124220},[15,145804,124223],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[56,145807,145808],{"href":130074},[15,145809,124664],{}," changes parts of a string.",[288,145812,145814],{"id":145813},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145816,145817,145818,228],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145819,128371],{},[40,145821,145822,145829,145836,145843],{},[43,145823,145824,145828],{},[56,145825,145826],{"href":124220},[15,145827,124223],{}," for lowercase text",[43,145830,145831,145835],{},[56,145832,145833],{"href":137063},[15,145834,41783],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[43,145837,145838,145842],{},[56,145839,145840],{"href":130074},[15,145841,124664],{}," for changing parts of a string",[43,145844,145845,1560,145847,145849],{},[15,145846,127861],{},[15,145848,126551],{}," for checks",[20,145851,2537],{},[62,145853,145855],{"className":64,"code":145854,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145856,145857,145869,145873,145888,145904,145908],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145858,145859,145861,145863,145865,145867],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145860,34811],{"class":77},[71,145862,82],{"class":81},[71,145864,3683],{"class":99},[71,145866,143591],{"class":103},[71,145868,3689],{"class":99},[71,145870,145871],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145872,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,145874,145875,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,145876,145877],{"class":77},"cleaned ",[71,145879,82],{"class":81},[71,145881,42972],{"class":77},[71,145883,60],{"class":89},[71,145885,8976],{"class":133},[71,145887,369],{"class":89},[71,145889,145890,145893,145895,145898,145900,145902],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,145891,145892],{"class":77},"loud ",[71,145894,82],{"class":81},[71,145896,145897],{"class":77}," cleaned",[71,145899,60],{"class":89},[71,145901,34601],{"class":133},[71,145903,369],{"class":89},[71,145905,145906],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,145907,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,145909,145910,145912,145914,145917],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,145911,128],{"class":127},[71,145913,90],{"class":89},[71,145915,145916],{"class":133},"loud",[71,145918,121],{"class":89},[20,145920,209],{},[62,145922,145923],{"className":64,"code":145788,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,145924,145925],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145926,145927,145929],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145928,136517],{"class":34576},[71,145930,145797],{"class":34576},[288,145932,2163],{"id":2162},[350,145934,12813,145936,124820],{"id":145935},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145937,128371],{},[20,145939,145940],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[350,145942,12813,145944,137797],{"id":145943},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145945,128371],{},[20,145947,145948,145949,60],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145950,145542],{},[350,145952,145954],{"id":145953},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145956,145957,145958,145960],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145959,128371],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[350,145962,28448,145964,145966],{"id":145963},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145965,128371],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145968,145969],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145971,2537],{},[62,145973,145975],{"className":64,"code":145974,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145976,145977,145989,146002,146006],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,145978,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,145980,2886],{"class":77},[71,145982,82],{"class":81},[71,145984,3683],{"class":99},[71,145986,66],{"class":103},[71,145988,3689],{"class":99},[71,145990,145991,145993,145995,145997,146000],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,145992,2913],{"class":77},[71,145994,82],{"class":81},[71,145996,3683],{"class":99},[71,145998,145999],{"class":103},"PYTHON",[71,146001,3689],{"class":99},[71,146003,146004],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,146005,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,146007,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,146009,128],{"class":127},[71,146011,90],{"class":89},[71,146013,56],{"class":133},[71,146015,60],{"class":89},[71,146017,34601],{"class":133},[71,146019,7706],{"class":89},[71,146021,6746],{"class":81},[71,146023,625],{"class":133},[71,146025,60],{"class":89},[71,146027,34601],{"class":133},[71,146029,7534],{"class":89},[20,146031,209],{},[62,146033,146034],{"className":64,"code":4314,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,146035,146036],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146037,146038],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146039,4314],{"class":4184},[288,146041,2221],{"id":2220},[40,146043,146044,146048,146054,146060,146066,146070,146074],{},[43,146045,146046],{},[56,146047,125248],{"href":51109},[43,146049,146050],{},[56,146051,126493,146052,1709],{"href":124220},[15,146053,124223],{},[43,146055,146056],{},[56,146057,126493,146058,1709],{"href":137063},[15,146059,41783],{},[43,146061,146062],{},[56,146063,126493,146064,1709],{"href":130074},[15,146065,124664],{},[43,146067,146068],{},[56,146069,90821],{"href":89830},[43,146071,146072],{},[56,146073,124892],{"href":123748},[43,146075,146076],{},[56,146077,137883],{"href":136464},[2250,146079,146080],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":146082},[146083,146084,146086,146087,146088,146090,146091,146093,146100,146101,146110],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":145006,"depth":124,"text":146085},"What upper() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":145216,"depth":124,"text":146089},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145352,"depth":124,"text":145353},{"id":145434,"depth":124,"text":146092},"When to use upper()",{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":146094},[146095,146096,146098],{"id":96026,"depth":139,"text":96027},{"id":145649,"depth":139,"text":146097},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145740,"depth":139,"text":146099},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145813,"depth":124,"text":145814},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":146102},[146103,146105,146107,146108],{"id":145935,"depth":139,"text":146104},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145943,"depth":139,"text":146106},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145953,"depth":139,"text":145954},{"id":145963,"depth":139,"text":146109},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144930,"description":146111},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146118,"title":146119,"body":146120,"description":147997,"extension":2292,"meta":147998,"navigation":142,"path":147999,"seo":148000,"stem":148001,"__hash__":148002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146121,"toc":147947},[146122,146128,146135,146141,146143,146199,146204,146209,146214,146217,146236,146239,146241,146265,146283,146294,146296,146299,146352,146354,146362,146364,146382,146387,146390,146447,146449,146458,146461,146481,146484,146490,146495,146497,146540,146542,146550,146553,146594,146596,146605,146611,146617,146644,146646,146654,146659,146663,146675,146718,146720,146728,146733,146739,146744,146748,146750,146793,146796,146843,146845,146854,146861,146865,146868,146914,146919,146923,146925,146968,146971,146979,146981,146986,146988,146990,147009,147012,147024,147026,147045,147047,147055,147059,147061,147112,147115,147190,147192,147200,147203,147207,147209,147256,147259,147330,147332,147340,147346,147348,147423,147427,147506,147508,147516,147522,147528,147533,147538,147587,147591,147662,147665,147670,147681,147684,147695,147705,147707,147712,147737,147742,147823,147825,147850,147852,147857,147860,147866,147875,147881,147884,147890,147896,147903,147906,147908,147944],[10,146123,13,146125,18],{"id":146124},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146126,146127],{},"sum()",[20,146129,22,146130,146132,146133,24882],{},[15,146131,146127],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146134,60135],{},[20,146136,146137,146138,146140],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146139,36198],{}," value and a few important limits.",[288,146142,2334],{"id":2333},[62,146144,146146],{"className":64,"code":146145,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146147,146148,146172,146187],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146149,146150,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164,146166,146168,146170],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146151,3950],{"class":77},[71,146153,82],{"class":81},[71,146155,1740],{"class":89},[71,146157,3320],{"class":117},[71,146159,109],{"class":89},[71,146161,183],{"class":117},[71,146163,109],{"class":89},[71,146165,701],{"class":117},[71,146167,109],{"class":89},[71,146169,2788],{"class":117},[71,146171,1757],{"class":89},[71,146173,146174,146176,146178,146181,146183,146185],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146175,41312],{"class":77},[71,146177,82],{"class":81},[71,146179,146180],{"class":127}," sum",[71,146182,90],{"class":89},[71,146184,3980],{"class":133},[71,146186,121],{"class":89},[71,146188,146189,146191,146193,146195,146197],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,146190,128],{"class":127},[71,146192,90],{"class":89},[71,146194,41341],{"class":133},[71,146196,3993],{"class":89},[71,146198,26914],{"class":1439},[20,146200,283,146201,146203],{},[15,146202,146127],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[288,146205,291,146207,294],{"id":146206},"what-sum-does",[15,146208,146127],{},[20,146210,146211,146213],{},[15,146212,146127],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146215,146216],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[40,146218,146219,146222,146225,146230],{},[43,146220,146221],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[43,146223,146224],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[43,146226,146227,146228],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146229,36324],{},[43,146231,146232,146233,146235],{},"Counting ",[15,146234,3935],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146237,146238],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[288,146240,343],{"id":342},[62,146242,146244],{"className":64,"code":146243,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146245,146246],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146247,146248,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146249,146250],{"class":127},"sum",[71,146252,90],{"class":89},[71,146254,4052],{"class":133},[71,146256,109],{"class":89},[71,146258,36177],{"class":93},[71,146260,82],{"class":81},[71,146262,2449],{"class":117},[71,146264,121],{"class":89},[40,146266,146267,146272,146277],{},[43,146268,146269,146271],{},[15,146270,4052],{}," is the group of values to add",[43,146273,146274,146276],{},[15,146275,36198],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[43,146278,146279,146280],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146281,146282],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146284,146285,146286,146289,146290,60],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146287,146288,4052],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[56,146291,146292,24735],{"href":36321},[15,146293,36324],{},[288,146295,11582],{"id":11581},[20,146297,146298],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[62,146300,146302],{"className":64,"code":146301,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146303,146304,146324,146338,146342],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146305,146306,146308,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146307,3950],{"class":77},[71,146309,82],{"class":81},[71,146311,1740],{"class":89},[71,146313,2466],{"class":117},[71,146315,109],{"class":89},[71,146317,6341],{"class":117},[71,146319,109],{"class":89},[71,146321,38064],{"class":117},[71,146323,1757],{"class":89},[71,146325,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146327,41312],{"class":77},[71,146329,82],{"class":81},[71,146331,146180],{"class":127},[71,146333,90],{"class":89},[71,146335,3980],{"class":133},[71,146337,121],{"class":89},[71,146339,146340],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,146341,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,146343,146344,146346,146348,146350],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,146345,128],{"class":127},[71,146347,90],{"class":89},[71,146349,41341],{"class":133},[71,146351,121],{"class":89},[20,146353,209],{},[62,146355,146356],{"className":64,"code":69978,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,146357,146358],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146359,146360],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146361,69978],{"class":117},[20,146363,11791],{},[40,146365,146366,146371,146377],{},[43,146367,146368,146370],{},[15,146369,3980],{}," contains three integers",[43,146372,146373,146376],{},[15,146374,146375],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[43,146378,146379,146380],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146381,41341],{},[288,146383,36739,146385,8774],{"id":146384},"using-the-start-value",[15,146386,36198],{},[20,146388,146389],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[62,146391,146393],{"className":64,"code":146392,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146394,146395,146415,146433,146437],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146396,146397,146399,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146398,3950],{"class":77},[71,146400,82],{"class":81},[71,146402,1740],{"class":89},[71,146404,3320],{"class":117},[71,146406,109],{"class":89},[71,146408,183],{"class":117},[71,146410,109],{"class":89},[71,146412,701],{"class":117},[71,146414,1757],{"class":89},[71,146416,146417,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429,146431],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146418,41312],{"class":77},[71,146420,82],{"class":81},[71,146422,146180],{"class":127},[71,146424,90],{"class":89},[71,146426,3980],{"class":133},[71,146428,109],{"class":89},[71,146430,6341],{"class":117},[71,146432,121],{"class":89},[71,146434,146435],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,146436,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,146438,146439,146441,146443,146445],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,146440,128],{"class":127},[71,146442,90],{"class":89},[71,146444,41341],{"class":133},[71,146446,121],{"class":89},[20,146448,209],{},[62,146450,146452],{"className":64,"code":146451,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"16\n",[15,146453,146454],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146455,146456],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146457,146451],{"class":117},[20,146459,146460],{},"This works like:",[40,146462,146463,146468,146473,146477],{},[43,146464,146465,146466],{},"Start at ",[15,146467,2661],{},[43,146469,146470,146471],{},"Add ",[15,146472,3320],{},[43,146474,146470,146475],{},[15,146476,630],{},[43,146478,146470,146479],{},[15,146480,640],{},[20,146482,146483],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[288,146485,291,146487,146489],{"id":146486},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146488,146127],{}," can work with",[20,146491,146492,146494],{},[15,146493,146127],{}," works with numeric values.",[350,146496,40554],{"id":40553},[62,146498,146500],{"className":64,"code":146499,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146501,146502,146526],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146503,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146505,4154],{"class":77},[71,146507,82],{"class":81},[71,146509,1740],{"class":89},[71,146511,3320],{"class":117},[71,146513,109],{"class":89},[71,146515,183],{"class":117},[71,146517,109],{"class":89},[71,146519,701],{"class":117},[71,146521,109],{"class":89},[71,146523,2788],{"class":117},[71,146525,1757],{"class":89},[71,146527,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146529,128],{"class":127},[71,146531,90],{"class":89},[71,146533,146250],{"class":127},[71,146535,90],{"class":89},[71,146537,5694],{"class":133},[71,146539,204],{"class":89},[20,146541,209],{},[62,146543,146544],{"className":64,"code":2707,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,146545,146546],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146547,146548],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146549,2707],{"class":117},[350,146551,146552],{"id":52180},"Floats",[62,146554,146556],{"className":64,"code":146555,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146557,146558,146580],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146559,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146573,146575,146578],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146561,83186],{"class":77},[71,146563,82],{"class":81},[71,146565,1740],{"class":89},[71,146567,41288],{"class":117},[71,146569,109],{"class":89},[71,146571,146572],{"class":117}," 3.75",[71,146574,109],{"class":89},[71,146576,146577],{"class":117}," 1.25",[71,146579,1757],{"class":89},[71,146581,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146583,128],{"class":127},[71,146585,90],{"class":89},[71,146587,146250],{"class":127},[71,146589,90],{"class":89},[71,146591,83222],{"class":133},[71,146593,204],{"class":89},[20,146595,209],{},[62,146597,146599],{"className":64,"code":146598,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"7.5\n",[15,146600,146601],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146602,146603],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146604,146598],{"class":117},[20,146606,146607,146608,60],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[56,146609,146610],{"href":2750},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[350,146612,146614,146615],{"id":146613},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146616,36324],{},[62,146618,146620],{"className":64,"code":146619,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146621,146622],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146623,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146625,128],{"class":127},[71,146627,90],{"class":89},[71,146629,146250],{"class":127},[71,146631,90],{"class":89},[71,146633,60135],{"class":127},[71,146635,90],{"class":89},[71,146637,3320],{"class":117},[71,146639,109],{"class":89},[71,146641,37771],{"class":117},[71,146643,3243],{"class":89},[20,146645,209],{},[62,146647,146648],{"className":64,"code":47173,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,146649,146650],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146651,146652],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146653,47173],{"class":117},[20,146655,113697,146656,60],{},[15,146657,146658],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[350,146660,146662],{"id":146661},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146664,146665,146666,146668,146669,1560,146671,146668,146673,60],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146667,3935],{}," acts like ",[15,146670,3320],{},[15,146672,4006],{},[15,146674,2449],{},[62,146676,146678],{"className":64,"code":146677,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146679,146680,146704],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146681,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146683,52100],{"class":77},[71,146685,82],{"class":81},[71,146687,1740],{"class":89},[71,146689,3935],{"class":4184},[71,146691,109],{"class":89},[71,146693,4241],{"class":4184},[71,146695,109],{"class":89},[71,146697,4250],{"class":4184},[71,146699,109],{"class":89},[71,146701,4250],{"class":4184},[71,146703,1757],{"class":89},[71,146705,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146707,128],{"class":127},[71,146709,90],{"class":89},[71,146711,146250],{"class":127},[71,146713,90],{"class":89},[71,146715,52153],{"class":133},[71,146717,204],{"class":89},[20,146719,209],{},[62,146721,146722],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,146723,146724],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146725,146726],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146727,46749],{"class":117},[20,146729,146730,146731,60],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146732,3935],{},[288,146734,291,146736,146738],{"id":146735},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146737,146127],{}," does not work with",[20,146740,146741,146743],{},[15,146742,146127],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[350,146745,146747],{"id":146746},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146749,1052],{},[62,146751,146753],{"className":64,"code":146752,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146754,146755,146779],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146756,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146758,4405],{"class":77},[71,146760,82],{"class":81},[71,146762,1740],{"class":89},[71,146764,3184],{"class":99},[71,146766,4177],{"class":103},[71,146768,3184],{"class":99},[71,146770,109],{"class":89},[71,146772,3683],{"class":99},[71,146774,60728],{"class":103},[71,146776,3184],{"class":99},[71,146778,1757],{"class":89},[71,146780,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789,146791],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146782,128],{"class":127},[71,146784,90],{"class":89},[71,146786,146250],{"class":127},[71,146788,90],{"class":89},[71,146790,4449],{"class":133},[71,146792,204],{"class":89},[20,146794,146795],{},"Use string joining instead:",[62,146797,146799],{"className":64,"code":146798,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146800,146801,146825],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146802,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146804,4405],{"class":77},[71,146806,82],{"class":81},[71,146808,1740],{"class":89},[71,146810,3184],{"class":99},[71,146812,4177],{"class":103},[71,146814,3184],{"class":99},[71,146816,109],{"class":89},[71,146818,3683],{"class":99},[71,146820,60728],{"class":103},[71,146822,3184],{"class":99},[71,146824,1757],{"class":89},[71,146826,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146828,128],{"class":127},[71,146830,90],{"class":89},[71,146832,6609],{"class":99},[71,146834,60],{"class":89},[71,146836,133652],{"class":133},[71,146838,90],{"class":89},[71,146840,4449],{"class":133},[71,146842,204],{"class":89},[20,146844,209],{},[62,146846,146848],{"className":64,"code":146847,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"helloworld\n",[15,146849,146850],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146851,146852],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146853,146847],{"class":77},[20,146855,146856,146857,60],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[56,146858,146859,6119],{"href":42305},[15,146860,47816],{},[350,146862,146864],{"id":146863},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146866,146867],{},"This also causes an error:",[62,146869,146871],{"className":64,"code":146870,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146872,146873,146900],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146874,146875,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146876,146877],{"class":77},"lists ",[71,146879,82],{"class":81},[71,146881,56429],{"class":89},[71,146883,3320],{"class":117},[71,146885,109],{"class":89},[71,146887,183],{"class":117},[71,146889,18177],{"class":89},[71,146891,1740],{"class":89},[71,146893,640],{"class":117},[71,146895,109],{"class":89},[71,146897,2788],{"class":117},[71,146899,53377],{"class":89},[71,146901,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146903,128],{"class":127},[71,146905,90],{"class":89},[71,146907,146250],{"class":127},[71,146909,90],{"class":89},[71,146911,5635],{"class":133},[71,146913,204],{"class":89},[20,146915,146916,146918],{},[15,146917,146127],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[350,146920,146922],{"id":146921},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146924,5808],{},[62,146926,146928],{"className":64,"code":146927,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146929,146930,146954],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146931,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146933,4154],{"class":77},[71,146935,82],{"class":81},[71,146937,1740],{"class":89},[71,146939,3320],{"class":117},[71,146941,109],{"class":89},[71,146943,183],{"class":117},[71,146945,109],{"class":89},[71,146947,3683],{"class":99},[71,146949,640],{"class":103},[71,146951,3184],{"class":99},[71,146953,1757],{"class":89},[71,146955,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,146957,128],{"class":127},[71,146959,90],{"class":89},[71,146961,146250],{"class":127},[71,146963,90],{"class":89},[71,146965,5694],{"class":133},[71,146967,204],{"class":89},[20,146969,146970],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146972,146973,146974,146976,146977,60],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146975,66083],{},", convert them first. See ",[56,146978,3294],{"href":3293},[288,146980,41634],{"id":41633},[20,146982,146983,146984,60],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146985,146127],{},[350,146987,6863],{"id":6862},[20,146989,1725],{},[62,146991,146993],{"className":64,"code":146992,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146994,146995],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,146996,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,146998,128],{"class":127},[71,147000,90],{"class":89},[71,147002,146250],{"class":127},[71,147004,90],{"class":89},[71,147006,2466],{"class":117},[71,147008,204],{"class":89},[20,147010,147011],{},"Why it fails:",[40,147013,147014,147019],{},[43,147015,147016,147018],{},[15,147017,2466],{}," is a single integer",[43,147020,147021,147023],{},[15,147022,146127],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147025,6893],{},[62,147027,147029],{"className":64,"code":147028,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147030,147031],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147032,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147034,128],{"class":127},[71,147036,90],{"class":89},[71,147038,146250],{"class":127},[71,147040,3317],{"class":89},[71,147042,2466],{"class":117},[71,147044,3331],{"class":89},[20,147046,209],{},[62,147048,147049],{"className":64,"code":3278,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,147050,147051],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147052,147053],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147054,3278],{"class":117},[350,147056,147058],{"id":147057},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147060,1725],{},[62,147062,147064],{"className":64,"code":147063,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147065,147066,147098],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147067,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147069,4154],{"class":77},[71,147071,82],{"class":81},[71,147073,1740],{"class":89},[71,147075,3184],{"class":99},[71,147077,3320],{"class":103},[71,147079,3184],{"class":99},[71,147081,109],{"class":89},[71,147083,3683],{"class":99},[71,147085,630],{"class":103},[71,147087,3184],{"class":99},[71,147089,109],{"class":89},[71,147091,3683],{"class":99},[71,147093,640],{"class":103},[71,147095,3184],{"class":99},[71,147097,1757],{"class":89},[71,147099,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147101,128],{"class":127},[71,147103,90],{"class":89},[71,147105,146250],{"class":127},[71,147107,90],{"class":89},[71,147109,5694],{"class":133},[71,147111,204],{"class":89},[20,147113,147114],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[62,147116,147118],{"className":64,"code":147117,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147119,147120,147152,147180],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147121,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147123,4154],{"class":77},[71,147125,82],{"class":81},[71,147127,1740],{"class":89},[71,147129,3184],{"class":99},[71,147131,3320],{"class":103},[71,147133,3184],{"class":99},[71,147135,109],{"class":89},[71,147137,3683],{"class":99},[71,147139,630],{"class":103},[71,147141,3184],{"class":99},[71,147143,109],{"class":89},[71,147145,3683],{"class":99},[71,147147,640],{"class":103},[71,147149,3184],{"class":99},[71,147151,1757],{"class":89},[71,147153,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147155,41312],{"class":77},[71,147157,82],{"class":81},[71,147159,146180],{"class":127},[71,147161,90],{"class":89},[71,147163,2517],{"class":85},[71,147165,90],{"class":89},[71,147167,1986],{"class":133},[71,147169,3993],{"class":89},[71,147171,4210],{"class":4209},[71,147173,4213],{"class":133},[71,147175,4216],{"class":4209},[71,147177,4219],{"class":133},[71,147179,121],{"class":89},[71,147181,147182,147184,147186,147188],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,147183,128],{"class":127},[71,147185,90],{"class":89},[71,147187,41341],{"class":133},[71,147189,121],{"class":89},[20,147191,209],{},[62,147193,147194],{"className":64,"code":2986,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,147195,147196],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147197,147198],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147199,2986],{"class":117},[20,147201,147202],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[350,147204,147206],{"id":147205},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147208,1725],{},[62,147210,147212],{"className":64,"code":147211,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147213,147214,147242],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147215,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147217,4154],{"class":77},[71,147219,82],{"class":81},[71,147221,1740],{"class":89},[71,147223,3320],{"class":117},[71,147225,109],{"class":89},[71,147227,183],{"class":117},[71,147229,109],{"class":89},[71,147231,3683],{"class":99},[71,147233,640],{"class":103},[71,147235,3184],{"class":99},[71,147237,109],{"class":89},[71,147239,2788],{"class":117},[71,147241,1757],{"class":89},[71,147243,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147245,128],{"class":127},[71,147247,90],{"class":89},[71,147249,146250],{"class":127},[71,147251,90],{"class":89},[71,147253,5694],{"class":133},[71,147255,204],{"class":89},[20,147257,147258],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[62,147260,147262],{"className":64,"code":147261,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147263,147264,147292,147320],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147265,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147267,4154],{"class":77},[71,147269,82],{"class":81},[71,147271,1740],{"class":89},[71,147273,3320],{"class":117},[71,147275,109],{"class":89},[71,147277,183],{"class":117},[71,147279,109],{"class":89},[71,147281,3683],{"class":99},[71,147283,640],{"class":103},[71,147285,3184],{"class":99},[71,147287,109],{"class":89},[71,147289,2788],{"class":117},[71,147291,1757],{"class":89},[71,147293,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147295,41312],{"class":77},[71,147297,82],{"class":81},[71,147299,146180],{"class":127},[71,147301,90],{"class":89},[71,147303,2517],{"class":85},[71,147305,90],{"class":89},[71,147307,1986],{"class":133},[71,147309,3993],{"class":89},[71,147311,4210],{"class":4209},[71,147313,4213],{"class":133},[71,147315,4216],{"class":4209},[71,147317,4219],{"class":133},[71,147319,121],{"class":89},[71,147321,147322,147324,147326,147328],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,147323,128],{"class":127},[71,147325,90],{"class":89},[71,147327,41341],{"class":133},[71,147329,121],{"class":89},[20,147331,209],{},[62,147333,147334],{"className":64,"code":2707,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,147335,147336],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147337,147338],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147339,2707],{"class":117},[350,147341,8758,147343,147345],{"id":147342},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147344,146127],{}," to join text",[20,147347,1725],{},[62,147349,147351],{"className":64,"code":147350,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147352,147353,147409],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147354,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147356,36216],{"class":77},[71,147358,82],{"class":81},[71,147360,1740],{"class":89},[71,147362,3184],{"class":99},[71,147364,134251],{"class":103},[71,147366,3184],{"class":99},[71,147368,109],{"class":89},[71,147370,3683],{"class":99},[71,147372,11853],{"class":103},[71,147374,3184],{"class":99},[71,147376,109],{"class":89},[71,147378,3683],{"class":99},[71,147380,63424],{"class":103},[71,147382,3184],{"class":99},[71,147384,109],{"class":89},[71,147386,3683],{"class":99},[71,147388,60575],{"class":103},[71,147390,3184],{"class":99},[71,147392,109],{"class":89},[71,147394,3683],{"class":99},[71,147396,60610],{"class":103},[71,147398,3184],{"class":99},[71,147400,109],{"class":89},[71,147402,3683],{"class":99},[71,147404,76168],{"class":103},[71,147406,3184],{"class":99},[71,147408,1757],{"class":89},[71,147410,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147412,128],{"class":127},[71,147414,90],{"class":89},[71,147416,146250],{"class":127},[71,147418,90],{"class":89},[71,147420,36269],{"class":133},[71,147422,204],{"class":89},[20,147424,283,147425,60669],{},[15,147426,133575],{},[62,147428,147430],{"className":64,"code":147429,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147431,147432,147488],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147433,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458,147460,147462,147464,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147435,36216],{"class":77},[71,147437,82],{"class":81},[71,147439,1740],{"class":89},[71,147441,3184],{"class":99},[71,147443,134251],{"class":103},[71,147445,3184],{"class":99},[71,147447,109],{"class":89},[71,147449,3683],{"class":99},[71,147451,11853],{"class":103},[71,147453,3184],{"class":99},[71,147455,109],{"class":89},[71,147457,3683],{"class":99},[71,147459,63424],{"class":103},[71,147461,3184],{"class":99},[71,147463,109],{"class":89},[71,147465,3683],{"class":99},[71,147467,60575],{"class":103},[71,147469,3184],{"class":99},[71,147471,109],{"class":89},[71,147473,3683],{"class":99},[71,147475,60610],{"class":103},[71,147477,3184],{"class":99},[71,147479,109],{"class":89},[71,147481,3683],{"class":99},[71,147483,76168],{"class":103},[71,147485,3184],{"class":99},[71,147487,1757],{"class":89},[71,147489,147490,147492,147494,147496,147498,147500,147502,147504],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147491,128],{"class":127},[71,147493,90],{"class":89},[71,147495,6609],{"class":99},[71,147497,60],{"class":89},[71,147499,133652],{"class":133},[71,147501,90],{"class":89},[71,147503,36269],{"class":133},[71,147505,204],{"class":89},[20,147507,209],{},[62,147509,147510],{"className":64,"code":134332,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,147511,147512],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147513,147514],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147515,134332],{"class":77},[20,147517,147518,147519,60],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[56,147520,147521],{"href":135413},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[288,147523,147525,147527],{"id":147524},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147526,146127],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147529,147530,147532],{},[15,147531,146127],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[350,147534,8758,147536],{"id":147535},"using-sum",[15,147537,146127],{},[62,147539,147541],{"className":64,"code":147540,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147542,147543,147563,147577],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147544,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147546,3950],{"class":77},[71,147548,82],{"class":81},[71,147550,1740],{"class":89},[71,147552,2836],{"class":117},[71,147554,109],{"class":89},[71,147556,6330],{"class":117},[71,147558,109],{"class":89},[71,147560,54271],{"class":117},[71,147562,1757],{"class":89},[71,147564,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147566,41312],{"class":77},[71,147568,82],{"class":81},[71,147570,146180],{"class":127},[71,147572,90],{"class":89},[71,147574,3980],{"class":133},[71,147576,121],{"class":89},[71,147578,147579,147581,147583,147585],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,147580,128],{"class":127},[71,147582,90],{"class":89},[71,147584,41341],{"class":133},[71,147586,121],{"class":89},[350,147588,147590],{"id":147589},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[62,147592,147594],{"className":64,"code":147593,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147595,147596,147616,147624,147628,147640,147648,147652],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147597,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147599,3950],{"class":77},[71,147601,82],{"class":81},[71,147603,1740],{"class":89},[71,147605,2836],{"class":117},[71,147607,109],{"class":89},[71,147609,6330],{"class":117},[71,147611,109],{"class":89},[71,147613,54271],{"class":117},[71,147615,1757],{"class":89},[71,147617,147618,147620,147622],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147619,41312],{"class":77},[71,147621,82],{"class":81},[71,147623,38641],{"class":117},[71,147625,147626],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,147627,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,147629,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,147631,6294],{"class":4209},[71,147633,6724],{"class":77},[71,147635,4216],{"class":4209},[71,147637,4599],{"class":77},[71,147639,6731],{"class":89},[71,147641,147642,147644,147646],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,147643,90245],{"class":77},[71,147645,90248],{"class":81},[71,147647,90251],{"class":77},[71,147649,147650],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,147651,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,147653,147654,147656,147658,147660],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,147655,128],{"class":127},[71,147657,90],{"class":89},[71,147659,41341],{"class":133},[71,147661,121],{"class":89},[20,147663,147664],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147666,2820,147667,147669],{},[15,147668,146127],{}," is often better:",[40,147671,147672,147675,147678],{},[43,147673,147674],{},"Shorter code",[43,147676,147677],{},"Easier to read",[43,147679,147680],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147682,147683],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[40,147685,147686,147689,147692],{},[43,147687,147688],{},"You need to skip some values",[43,147690,147691],{},"You need extra checks",[43,147693,147694],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147696,147697,147698,147701,147702,147704],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[56,147699,147700],{"href":40137},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147703,146127],{}," on the filtered result.",[288,147706,2054],{"id":2053},[20,147708,147709,147710,228],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147711,146127],{},[40,147713,147714,147720,147727,147734],{},[43,147715,147716,147717],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147718,147719],{},"sum(5)",[43,147721,147722,147723,147726],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147724,147725],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[43,147728,8758,147729,147731,147732],{},[15,147730,146127],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147733,133575],{},[43,147735,147736],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147738,9216,147739,147741],{},[15,147740,146127],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[62,147743,147745],{"className":64,"code":147744,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147746,147747,147757,147771,147795],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,147748,147749,147751,147753,147755],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,147750,128],{"class":127},[71,147752,90],{"class":89},[71,147754,5694],{"class":133},[71,147756,121],{"class":89},[71,147758,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,147760,128],{"class":127},[71,147762,90],{"class":89},[71,147764,735],{"class":85},[71,147766,90],{"class":89},[71,147768,5694],{"class":133},[71,147770,204],{"class":89},[71,147772,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,147774,128],{"class":127},[71,147776,3317],{"class":89},[71,147778,735],{"class":85},[71,147780,90],{"class":89},[71,147782,1986],{"class":133},[71,147784,3993],{"class":89},[71,147786,4210],{"class":4209},[71,147788,4213],{"class":133},[71,147790,4216],{"class":4209},[71,147792,4219],{"class":133},[71,147794,4222],{"class":89},[71,147796,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,147798,128],{"class":127},[71,147800,90],{"class":89},[71,147802,146250],{"class":127},[71,147804,3317],{"class":89},[71,147806,2517],{"class":85},[71,147808,90],{"class":89},[71,147810,1986],{"class":133},[71,147812,3993],{"class":89},[71,147814,4210],{"class":4209},[71,147816,4213],{"class":133},[71,147818,4216],{"class":4209},[71,147820,4219],{"class":133},[71,147822,3331],{"class":89},[20,147824,136146],{},[40,147826,147827,147833,147839,147844],{},[43,147828,147829,147832],{},[15,147830,147831],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[43,147834,147835,147838],{},[15,147836,147837],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[43,147840,147841,136168],{},[15,147842,147843],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[43,147845,147846,147849],{},[15,147847,147848],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[288,147851,2163],{"id":2162},[350,147853,5479,147855,5482],{"id":147854},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147856,146127],{},[20,147858,147859],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[350,147861,2184,147863,147865],{"id":147862},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147864,146127],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147867,30391,147868,3209,147871,147874],{},[15,147869,147870],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147872,147873],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[350,147876,2184,147878,147880],{"id":147877},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147879,146127],{}," work with floats?",[20,147882,147883],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[350,147885,147887,147888,2172],{"id":147886},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147889,146127],{},[20,147891,147892,147893,147895],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147894,36198],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[350,147897,2196,147899,119531,147901,2172],{"id":147898},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147900,146127],{},[15,147902,3337],{},[20,147904,147905],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[288,147907,2221],{"id":2220},[40,147909,147910,147914,147920,147926,147932,147936,147940],{},[43,147911,147912],{},[56,147913,146610],{"href":2750},[43,147915,147916],{},[56,147917,13,147918,3841],{"href":36321},[15,147919,36324],{},[43,147921,147922],{},[56,147923,13,147924,3841],{"href":42488},[15,147925,42491],{},[43,147927,147928],{},[56,147929,13,147930,3841],{"href":42305},[15,147931,47816],{},[43,147933,147934],{},[56,147935,5556],{"href":40137},[43,147937,147938],{},[56,147939,3858],{"href":3293},[43,147941,147942],{},[56,147943,147521],{"href":135413},[2250,147945,147946],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":147948},[147949,147950,147952,147953,147954,147956,147964,147970,147977,147983,147984,147996],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":146206,"depth":124,"text":147951},"What sum() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":146384,"depth":124,"text":147955},"Using the start value",{"id":146486,"depth":124,"text":147957,"children":147958},"What sum() can work with",[147959,147960,147961,147963],{"id":40553,"depth":139,"text":40554},{"id":52180,"depth":139,"text":146552},{"id":146613,"depth":139,"text":147962},"Values from range()",{"id":146661,"depth":139,"text":146662},{"id":146735,"depth":124,"text":147965,"children":147966},"What sum() does not work with",[147967,147968,147969],{"id":146746,"depth":139,"text":146747},{"id":146863,"depth":139,"text":146864},{"id":146921,"depth":139,"text":146922},{"id":41633,"depth":124,"text":41634,"children":147971},[147972,147973,147974,147975],{"id":6862,"depth":139,"text":6863},{"id":147057,"depth":139,"text":147058},{"id":147205,"depth":139,"text":147206},{"id":147342,"depth":139,"text":147976},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147524,"depth":124,"text":147978,"children":147979},"sum() vs manual loop",[147980,147982],{"id":147535,"depth":139,"text":147981},"Using sum()",{"id":147589,"depth":139,"text":147590},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":147985},[147986,147988,147990,147992,147994],{"id":147854,"depth":139,"text":147987},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147862,"depth":139,"text":147989},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147877,"depth":139,"text":147991},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147886,"depth":139,"text":147993},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147898,"depth":139,"text":147995},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146119,"description":147997},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148004,"title":148005,"body":148006,"description":149408,"extension":2292,"meta":149409,"navigation":142,"path":149410,"seo":149411,"stem":149412,"__hash__":149413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148007,"toc":149376},[148008,148014,148020,148023,148086,148092,148097,148101,148118,148132,148136,148156,148170,148172,148265,148267,148281,148283,148286,148375,148377,148385,148394,148396,148400,148421,148423,148515,148517,148538,148540,148544,148558,148560,148634,148636,148655,148659,148662,148685,148687,148798,148805,148813,148815,148821,148824,148867,148870,148893,148901,148905,148980,148986,149011,149018,149021,149024,149028,149033,149121,149129,149133,149136,149161,149165,149226,149230,149279,149289,149291,149296,149299,149305,149308,149312,149316,149322,149325,149333,149341,149343,149373],[10,148009,148011,148012,11428],{"id":148010},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148013,57426],{},[20,148015,148016,148019],{},[15,148017,148018],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148021,148022],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[62,148024,148026],{"className":64,"code":148025,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148027,148028,148056,148074],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148029,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148031,3950],{"class":77},[71,148033,82],{"class":81},[71,148035,171],{"class":89},[71,148037,3320],{"class":117},[71,148039,109],{"class":89},[71,148041,183],{"class":117},[71,148043,109],{"class":89},[71,148045,183],{"class":117},[71,148047,109],{"class":89},[71,148049,701],{"class":117},[71,148051,109],{"class":89},[71,148053,183],{"class":117},[71,148055,121],{"class":89},[71,148057,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,148059,1102],{"class":77},[71,148061,82],{"class":81},[71,148063,4599],{"class":77},[71,148065,60],{"class":89},[71,148067,41389],{"class":133},[71,148069,90],{"class":89},[71,148071,630],{"class":117},[71,148073,121],{"class":89},[71,148075,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,148077,128],{"class":127},[71,148079,90],{"class":89},[71,148081,2594],{"class":133},[71,148083,3993],{"class":89},[71,148085,50904],{"class":1439},[20,148087,283,148088,148091],{},[15,148089,148090],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[288,148093,291,148095,294],{"id":148094},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148096,148018],{},[20,148098,148099,228],{},[15,148100,148090],{},[40,148102,148103,148109,148112,148115],{},[43,148104,148105,148106,148108],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148107,2804],{}," appears in the tuple",[43,148110,148111],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[43,148113,148114],{},"Returns an integer",[43,148116,148117],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148119,148120,148121,148123,148124,3209,148128,60],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148122,57426],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[56,148125,148127],{"href":148126},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[56,148129,148131],{"href":148130},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[288,148133,148135],{"id":148134},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[62,148137,148139],{"className":64,"code":148138,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148140,148141],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148142,148143,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148144,148145],{"class":77},"my_tuple",[71,148147,60],{"class":89},[71,148149,41389],{"class":133},[71,148151,90],{"class":89},[71,148153,2804],{"class":133},[71,148155,121],{"class":89},[40,148157,148158,148162,148165],{},[43,148159,148160,57591],{},[15,148161,2804],{},[43,148163,148164],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[43,148166,148167,148168],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148169,2449],{},[350,148171,103246],{"id":103245},[62,148173,148175],{"className":64,"code":148174,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148176,148177,148217,148241],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148178,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148180,13186],{"class":77},[71,148182,82],{"class":81},[71,148184,171],{"class":89},[71,148186,3184],{"class":99},[71,148188,13203],{"class":103},[71,148190,3184],{"class":99},[71,148192,109],{"class":89},[71,148194,3683],{"class":99},[71,148196,13220],{"class":103},[71,148198,3184],{"class":99},[71,148200,109],{"class":89},[71,148202,3683],{"class":99},[71,148204,13203],{"class":103},[71,148206,3184],{"class":99},[71,148208,109],{"class":89},[71,148210,3683],{"class":99},[71,148212,17570],{"class":103},[71,148214,3184],{"class":99},[71,148216,121],{"class":89},[71,148218,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,148220,128],{"class":127},[71,148222,90],{"class":89},[71,148224,17617],{"class":133},[71,148226,60],{"class":89},[71,148228,41389],{"class":133},[71,148230,90],{"class":89},[71,148232,3184],{"class":99},[71,148234,13203],{"class":103},[71,148236,3184],{"class":99},[71,148238,5697],{"class":89},[71,148240,57781],{"class":1439},[71,148242,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,148244,128],{"class":127},[71,148246,90],{"class":89},[71,148248,17617],{"class":133},[71,148250,60],{"class":89},[71,148252,41389],{"class":133},[71,148254,90],{"class":89},[71,148256,3184],{"class":99},[71,148258,22641],{"class":103},[71,148260,3184],{"class":99},[71,148262,5697],{"class":89},[71,148264,51381],{"class":1439},[20,148266,20073],{},[40,148268,148269,148274],{},[43,148270,148271,148273],{},[15,148272,65530],{}," appears 2 times",[43,148275,148276,148278,148279],{},[15,148277,109942],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148280,2449],{},[288,148282,11582],{"id":11581},[20,148284,148285],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[62,148287,148289],{"className":64,"code":148288,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148290,148291,148339,148343,148365],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148292,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148294,36365],{"class":77},[71,148296,82],{"class":81},[71,148298,171],{"class":89},[71,148300,3184],{"class":99},[71,148302,4414],{"class":103},[71,148304,3184],{"class":99},[71,148306,109],{"class":89},[71,148308,3683],{"class":99},[71,148310,4423],{"class":103},[71,148312,3184],{"class":99},[71,148314,109],{"class":89},[71,148316,3683],{"class":99},[71,148318,4414],{"class":103},[71,148320,3184],{"class":99},[71,148322,109],{"class":89},[71,148324,3683],{"class":99},[71,148326,33343],{"class":103},[71,148328,3184],{"class":99},[71,148330,109],{"class":89},[71,148332,3683],{"class":99},[71,148334,4414],{"class":103},[71,148336,3184],{"class":99},[71,148338,121],{"class":89},[71,148340,148341],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,148342,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,148344,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,148346,1102],{"class":77},[71,148348,82],{"class":81},[71,148350,52986],{"class":77},[71,148352,60],{"class":89},[71,148354,41389],{"class":133},[71,148356,90],{"class":89},[71,148358,3184],{"class":99},[71,148360,4414],{"class":103},[71,148362,3184],{"class":99},[71,148364,121],{"class":89},[71,148366,148367,148369,148371,148373],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,148368,128],{"class":127},[71,148370,90],{"class":89},[71,148372,2594],{"class":133},[71,148374,121],{"class":89},[20,148376,209],{},[62,148378,148379],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,148380,148381],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148382,148383],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148384,46749],{"class":117},[20,148386,148387,148389,148390,2728,148392,60],{},[15,148388,57969],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148391,57426],{},[15,148393,640],{},[288,148395,38148],{"id":38147},[20,148397,57680,148398,128881],{},[15,148399,57426],{},[40,148401,148402,148407,148412,148415],{},[43,148403,11530,148404,148406],{},[15,148405,2449],{}," when the value does not exist",[43,148408,11530,148409,148411],{},[15,148410,3320],{}," when the value appears once",[43,148413,148414],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[43,148416,148417,148418,148420],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148419,7337],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148422,2537],{},[62,148424,148426],{"className":64,"code":148425,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148427,148428,148469,148473,148500],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148429,148430,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148431,148432],{"class":77},"answers ",[71,148434,82],{"class":81},[71,148436,171],{"class":89},[71,148438,3184],{"class":99},[71,148440,8999],{"class":103},[71,148442,3184],{"class":99},[71,148444,109],{"class":89},[71,148446,3683],{"class":99},[71,148448,8939],{"class":103},[71,148450,3184],{"class":99},[71,148452,109],{"class":89},[71,148454,3683],{"class":99},[71,148456,8999],{"class":103},[71,148458,3184],{"class":99},[71,148460,109],{"class":89},[71,148462,3683],{"class":99},[71,148464,8999],{"class":103},[71,148466,3184],{"class":99},[71,148468,121],{"class":89},[71,148470,148471],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,148472,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,148474,148475,148477,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,148476,7337],{"class":4209},[71,148478,148479],{"class":77}," answers",[71,148481,60],{"class":89},[71,148483,41389],{"class":133},[71,148485,90],{"class":89},[71,148487,3184],{"class":99},[71,148489,8999],{"class":103},[71,148491,3184],{"class":99},[71,148493,3993],{"class":89},[71,148495,38524],{"class":81},[71,148497,165],{"class":117},[71,148499,6731],{"class":89},[71,148501,148502,148504,148506,148508,148511,148513],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,148503,8408],{"class":127},[71,148505,90],{"class":89},[71,148507,3184],{"class":99},[71,148509,148510],{"class":103},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[71,148512,3184],{"class":99},[71,148514,121],{"class":89},[20,148516,209],{},[62,148518,148520],{"className":64,"code":148519,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148521,148522],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148523,148524,148527,148529,148531,148533,148536],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148525,148526],{"class":77},"The answer ",[71,148528,100],{"class":99},[71,148530,8999],{"class":103},[71,148532,100],{"class":99},[71,148534,148535],{"class":77}," appears more than once",[71,148537,122525],{"class":89},[288,148539,41175],{"id":41174},[20,148541,35530,148542,104709],{},[15,148543,148018],{},[40,148545,148546,148549,148552,148555],{},[43,148547,148548],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[43,148550,148551],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[43,148553,148554],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[43,148556,148557],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148559,2537],{},[62,148561,148563],{"className":64,"code":148562,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148564,148565,148593,148597,148619],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148566,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148568,5400],{"class":77},[71,148570,82],{"class":81},[71,148572,171],{"class":89},[71,148574,2661],{"class":117},[71,148576,109],{"class":89},[71,148578,8129],{"class":117},[71,148580,109],{"class":89},[71,148582,6341],{"class":117},[71,148584,109],{"class":89},[71,148586,8134],{"class":117},[71,148588,109],{"class":89},[71,148590,6341],{"class":117},[71,148592,121],{"class":89},[71,148594,148595],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,148596,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,148598,148599,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,148600,7337],{"class":4209},[71,148602,5447],{"class":77},[71,148604,60],{"class":89},[71,148606,41389],{"class":133},[71,148608,90],{"class":89},[71,148610,2661],{"class":117},[71,148612,3993],{"class":89},[71,148614,51422],{"class":81},[71,148616,183],{"class":117},[71,148618,6731],{"class":89},[71,148620,148621,148623,148625,148627,148630,148632],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,148622,8408],{"class":127},[71,148624,90],{"class":89},[71,148626,3184],{"class":99},[71,148628,148629],{"class":103},"The score 10 is repeated.",[71,148631,3184],{"class":99},[71,148633,121],{"class":89},[20,148635,209],{},[62,148637,148639],{"className":64,"code":148638,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148640,148641],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148642,148643,148646,148648,148650,148653],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148644,148645],{"class":77},"The score ",[71,148647,2661],{"class":117},[71,148649,8436],{"class":81},[71,148651,148652],{"class":77}," repeated",[71,148654,122525],{"class":89},[288,148656,148658],{"id":148657},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148660,148661],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[40,148663,148664,148670,148675,148678],{},[43,148665,148666,148667,148669],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148668,57426],{}," still works because it only reads data",[43,148671,148672,148674],{},[15,148673,57426],{}," counts exact matches",[43,148676,148677],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[43,148679,148680,1560,148682,148684],{},[15,148681,3320],{},[15,148683,42288],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148686,2537],{},[62,148688,148690],{"className":64,"code":148689,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148691,148692,148726,148730,148750,148774],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148693,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704,148707,148709,148711,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148695,4154],{"class":77},[71,148697,82],{"class":81},[71,148699,171],{"class":89},[71,148701,3320],{"class":117},[71,148703,109],{"class":89},[71,148705,148706],{"class":117}," 1.0",[71,148708,109],{"class":89},[71,148710,3683],{"class":99},[71,148712,148713],{"class":103},"Cat",[71,148715,3184],{"class":99},[71,148717,109],{"class":89},[71,148719,3683],{"class":99},[71,148721,37174],{"class":103},[71,148723,3184],{"class":99},[71,148725,121],{"class":89},[71,148727,148728],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,148729,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,148731,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,148733,128],{"class":127},[71,148735,90],{"class":89},[71,148737,5694],{"class":133},[71,148739,60],{"class":89},[71,148741,41389],{"class":133},[71,148743,90],{"class":89},[71,148745,3320],{"class":117},[71,148747,5697],{"class":89},[71,148749,51228],{"class":1439},[71,148751,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148770,148772],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,148753,128],{"class":127},[71,148755,90],{"class":89},[71,148757,5694],{"class":133},[71,148759,60],{"class":89},[71,148761,41389],{"class":133},[71,148763,90],{"class":89},[71,148765,3184],{"class":99},[71,148767,148713],{"class":103},[71,148769,3184],{"class":99},[71,148771,5697],{"class":89},[71,148773,27899],{"class":1439},[71,148775,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,148777,128],{"class":127},[71,148779,90],{"class":89},[71,148781,5694],{"class":133},[71,148783,60],{"class":89},[71,148785,41389],{"class":133},[71,148787,90],{"class":89},[71,148789,3184],{"class":99},[71,148791,37174],{"class":103},[71,148793,3184],{"class":99},[71,148795,5697],{"class":89},[71,148797,27899],{"class":1439},[20,148799,2196,148800,5497,148803,2172],{},[15,148801,148802],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148804,630],{},[20,148806,9127,148807,5120,148810,148812],{},[15,148808,148809],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148811,3935],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[288,148814,2054],{"id":2053},[350,148816,8758,148818,148820],{"id":148817},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148819,41389],{}," without parentheses",[20,148822,148823],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[62,148825,148827],{"className":64,"code":148826,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148828,148829,148853],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148830,148831,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148832,3950],{"class":77},[71,148834,82],{"class":81},[71,148836,171],{"class":89},[71,148838,3320],{"class":117},[71,148840,109],{"class":89},[71,148842,183],{"class":117},[71,148844,109],{"class":89},[71,148846,183],{"class":117},[71,148848,109],{"class":89},[71,148850,701],{"class":117},[71,148852,121],{"class":89},[71,148854,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,148856,128],{"class":127},[71,148858,90],{"class":89},[71,148860,3980],{"class":133},[71,148862,60],{"class":89},[71,148864,41389],{"class":24868},[71,148866,121],{"class":89},[20,148868,148869],{},"To call the method correctly:",[62,148871,148873],{"className":64,"code":148872,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148874,148875],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148876,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148878,128],{"class":127},[71,148880,90],{"class":89},[71,148882,3980],{"class":133},[71,148884,60],{"class":89},[71,148886,41389],{"class":133},[71,148888,90],{"class":89},[71,148890,630],{"class":117},[71,148892,204],{"class":89},[350,148894,8794,148895,8797,148897,3209,148899],{"id":58729},[15,148896,57426],{},[15,148898,3935],{},[15,148900,4006],{},[20,148902,148903,58740],{},[15,148904,57426],{},[62,148906,148908],{"className":64,"code":148907,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148909,148910,148942,148964,148968],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148911,148912,148914,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938,148940],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148913,36216],{"class":77},[71,148915,82],{"class":81},[71,148917,171],{"class":89},[71,148919,3184],{"class":99},[71,148921,56],{"class":103},[71,148923,3184],{"class":99},[71,148925,109],{"class":89},[71,148927,3683],{"class":99},[71,148929,176],{"class":103},[71,148931,3184],{"class":99},[71,148933,109],{"class":89},[71,148935,3683],{"class":99},[71,148937,56],{"class":103},[71,148939,3184],{"class":99},[71,148941,121],{"class":89},[71,148943,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960,148962],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,148945,1102],{"class":77},[71,148947,82],{"class":81},[71,148949,70234],{"class":77},[71,148951,60],{"class":89},[71,148953,41389],{"class":133},[71,148955,90],{"class":89},[71,148957,3184],{"class":99},[71,148959,56],{"class":103},[71,148961,3184],{"class":99},[71,148963,121],{"class":89},[71,148965,148966],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,148967,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,148969,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,148971,128],{"class":127},[71,148973,90],{"class":89},[71,148975,2594],{"class":133},[71,148977,3993],{"class":89},[71,148979,51549],{"class":1439},[20,148981,148982,148983,148985],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148984,4216],{}," is often simpler:",[62,148987,148989],{"className":64,"code":148988,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148990,148991],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,148992,148993,148995,148997,148999,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,148994,128],{"class":127},[71,148996,90],{"class":89},[71,148998,3184],{"class":99},[71,149000,56],{"class":103},[71,149002,3184],{"class":99},[71,149004,21290],{"class":4209},[71,149006,70234],{"class":133},[71,149008,3993],{"class":89},[71,149010,3996],{"class":1439},[350,149012,37331,149014,9046,149016],{"id":149013},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149015,148018],{},[15,149017,57431],{},[20,149019,149020],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149022,149023],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[350,149025,149027],{"id":149026},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149029,149030,149032],{},[15,149031,57426],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[62,149034,149036],{"className":64,"code":149035,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149037,149038,149071,149097],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149039,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149041,4405],{"class":77},[71,149043,82],{"class":81},[71,149045,171],{"class":89},[71,149047,3184],{"class":99},[71,149049,4414],{"class":103},[71,149051,3184],{"class":99},[71,149053,109],{"class":89},[71,149055,3683],{"class":99},[71,149057,149058],{"class":103},"pineapple",[71,149060,3184],{"class":99},[71,149062,109],{"class":89},[71,149064,3683],{"class":99},[71,149066,4414],{"class":103},[71,149068,3184],{"class":99},[71,149070,121],{"class":89},[71,149072,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087,149090,149092,149094],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149074,128],{"class":127},[71,149076,90],{"class":89},[71,149078,4449],{"class":133},[71,149080,60],{"class":89},[71,149082,41389],{"class":133},[71,149084,90],{"class":89},[71,149086,3184],{"class":99},[71,149088,149089],{"class":103},"app",[71,149091,3184],{"class":99},[71,149093,5697],{"class":89},[71,149095,149096],{"class":1439},"    # 0\n",[71,149098,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117,149119],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,149100,128],{"class":127},[71,149102,90],{"class":89},[71,149104,4449],{"class":133},[71,149106,60],{"class":89},[71,149108,41389],{"class":133},[71,149110,90],{"class":89},[71,149112,3184],{"class":99},[71,149114,4414],{"class":103},[71,149116,3184],{"class":99},[71,149118,5697],{"class":89},[71,149120,51549],{"class":1439},[20,149122,149123,149126,149127,60],{},[15,149124,149125],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149128,2449],{},[288,149130,149132],{"id":149131},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149134,149135],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[40,149137,149138,149143,149152,149158],{},[43,149139,283,149140,149142],{},[15,149141,4216],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[43,149144,283,149145,149151],{},[56,149146,149148,149149],{"href":149147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149150,59104],{}," to find the position of a value",[43,149153,283,149154,149157],{},[15,149155,149156],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[43,149159,149160],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149162,46172,149163,228],{},[15,149164,4216],{},[62,149166,149168],{"className":64,"code":149167,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149169,149170,149190,149194,149210],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149171,149172,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149173,3950],{"class":77},[71,149175,82],{"class":81},[71,149177,171],{"class":89},[71,149179,2836],{"class":117},[71,149181,109],{"class":89},[71,149183,6330],{"class":117},[71,149185,109],{"class":89},[71,149187,54271],{"class":117},[71,149189,121],{"class":89},[71,149191,149192],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149193,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,149195,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,149197,128],{"class":127},[71,149199,90],{"class":89},[71,149201,2356],{"class":117},[71,149203,21290],{"class":4209},[71,149205,4599],{"class":133},[71,149207,3993],{"class":89},[71,149209,43986],{"class":1439},[71,149211,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222,149224],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,149213,128],{"class":127},[71,149215,90],{"class":89},[71,149217,2466],{"class":117},[71,149219,21290],{"class":4209},[71,149221,4599],{"class":133},[71,149223,3993],{"class":89},[71,149225,44003],{"class":1439},[20,149227,46172,149228,228],{},[15,149229,59104],{},[62,149231,149233],{"className":64,"code":149232,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149234,149235,149259],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149236,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149238,3950],{"class":77},[71,149240,82],{"class":81},[71,149242,171],{"class":89},[71,149244,2836],{"class":117},[71,149246,109],{"class":89},[71,149248,6330],{"class":117},[71,149250,109],{"class":89},[71,149252,54271],{"class":117},[71,149254,109],{"class":89},[71,149256,6330],{"class":117},[71,149258,121],{"class":89},[71,149260,149261,149263,149265,149267,149269,149271,149273,149275,149277],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149262,128],{"class":127},[71,149264,90],{"class":89},[71,149266,3980],{"class":133},[71,149268,60],{"class":89},[71,149270,35971],{"class":133},[71,149272,90],{"class":89},[71,149274,2356],{"class":117},[71,149276,5697],{"class":89},[71,149278,27899],{"class":1439},[20,149280,149281,149283,149284,149286,149288],{},[15,149282,57426],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[808,149285],{},[15,149287,59104],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[288,149290,2163],{"id":2162},[350,149292,5479,149294,5482],{"id":149293},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149295,148018],{},[20,149297,149298],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[350,149300,12813,149302,149304],{"id":149301},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149303,148018],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149306,149307],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[350,149309,149311],{"id":149310},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149313,12019,149314,60],{},[15,149315,2449],{},[350,149317,2184,149319,149321],{"id":149318},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149320,148018],{}," count strings?",[20,149323,149324],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[350,149326,2167,149328,1560,149330,2172],{"id":149327},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149329,148018],{},[15,149331,149332],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149334,149335,149337,149338,149340],{},[15,149336,57426],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149339,59104],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[288,149342,2221],{"id":2220},[40,149344,149345,149349,149354,149361,149369],{},[43,149346,149347],{},[56,149348,148127],{"href":148126},[43,149350,149351],{},[56,149352,149353],{"href":148130},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[43,149355,149356],{},[56,149357,149358,149359,1709],{"href":149147},"Python tuple ",[15,149360,59104],{},[43,149362,149363],{},[56,149364,149366,149367],{"href":149365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149368,42491],{},[43,149370,149371],{},[56,149372,59092],{"href":59091},[2250,149374,149375],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":149377},[149378,149380,149383,149384,149385,149386,149387,149395,149396,149407],{"id":148094,"depth":124,"text":149379},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148134,"depth":124,"text":148135,"children":149381},[149382],{"id":103245,"depth":139,"text":103246},{"id":11581,"depth":124,"text":11582},{"id":38147,"depth":124,"text":38148},{"id":41174,"depth":124,"text":41175},{"id":148657,"depth":124,"text":148658},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":149388},[149389,149391,149392,149394],{"id":148817,"depth":139,"text":149390},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58729,"depth":139,"text":59145},{"id":149013,"depth":139,"text":149393},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149026,"depth":139,"text":149027},{"id":149131,"depth":124,"text":149132},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":149397},[149398,149400,149402,149403,149405],{"id":149293,"depth":139,"text":149399},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149301,"depth":139,"text":149401},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149310,"depth":139,"text":149311},{"id":149318,"depth":139,"text":149404},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149327,"depth":139,"text":149406},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148005,"description":149408},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149415,"title":149416,"body":149417,"description":151104,"extension":2292,"meta":151105,"navigation":142,"path":151106,"seo":151107,"stem":151108,"__hash__":151109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149418,"toc":151067},[149419,149422,149425,149434,149436,149566,149568,149629,149635,149637,149657,149661,149664,149667,149702,149704,149725,149728,149767,149769,149794,149801,149805,149808,149845,149847,149870,149873,149876,149888,149894,149898,149901,149907,149948,149950,149973,149976,150017,150019,150046,150048,150065,150067,150084,150087,150091,150094,150096,150130,150132,150179,150183,150222,150226,150229,150286,150288,150329,150335,150341,150346,150348,150385,150387,150407,150409,150442,150444,150477,150480,150484,150517,150519,150544,150547,150549,150563,150570,150572,150575,150579,150582,150617,150620,150655,150659,150662,150701,150704,150743,150747,150749,150779,150782,150789,150791,150823,150826,150858,150861,150892,150894,150911,150915,150918,150982,150984,150988,150995,150999,151002,151006,151009,151013,151016,151021,151027,151029,151064],[10,149420,149416],{"id":149421},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149423,149424],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149426,149427,149428,3209,149432,60],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[56,149429,149431],{"href":149430},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[56,149433,148127],{"href":148126},[288,149435,2334],{"id":2333},[62,149437,149439],{"className":64,"code":149438,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149440,149441,149461,149470,149484,149520,149524,149534,149544,149555],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149442,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149444,3950],{"class":77},[71,149446,82],{"class":81},[71,149448,171],{"class":89},[71,149450,3320],{"class":117},[71,149452,109],{"class":89},[71,149454,183],{"class":117},[71,149456,109],{"class":89},[71,149458,701],{"class":117},[71,149460,121],{"class":89},[71,149462,149463,149465,149467],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149464,124991],{"class":77},[71,149466,82],{"class":81},[71,149468,149469],{"class":89}," ()\n",[71,149471,149472,149475,149477,149479,149481],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,149473,149474],{"class":77},"one_item ",[71,149476,82],{"class":81},[71,149478,171],{"class":89},[71,149480,2466],{"class":117},[71,149482,149483],{"class":89},",)\n",[71,149485,149486,149489,149491,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,149487,149488],{"class":77},"from_list ",[71,149490,82],{"class":81},[71,149492,149493],{"class":85}," tuple",[71,149495,3317],{"class":89},[71,149497,3184],{"class":99},[71,149499,56],{"class":103},[71,149501,3184],{"class":99},[71,149503,109],{"class":89},[71,149505,3683],{"class":99},[71,149507,176],{"class":103},[71,149509,3184],{"class":99},[71,149511,109],{"class":89},[71,149513,3683],{"class":99},[71,149515,694],{"class":103},[71,149517,3184],{"class":99},[71,149519,4222],{"class":89},[71,149521,149522],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,149523,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,149525,149526,149528,149530,149532],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,149527,128],{"class":127},[71,149529,90],{"class":89},[71,149531,3980],{"class":133},[71,149533,121],{"class":89},[71,149535,149536,149538,149540,149542],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,149537,128],{"class":127},[71,149539,90],{"class":89},[71,149541,125042],{"class":133},[71,149543,121],{"class":89},[71,149545,149546,149548,149550,149553],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,149547,128],{"class":127},[71,149549,90],{"class":89},[71,149551,149552],{"class":133},"one_item",[71,149554,121],{"class":89},[71,149556,149557,149559,149561,149564],{"class":73,"line":6770},[71,149558,128],{"class":127},[71,149560,90],{"class":89},[71,149562,149563],{"class":133},"from_list",[71,149565,121],{"class":89},[20,149567,209],{},[62,149569,149571],{"className":64,"code":149570,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149572,149573,149589,149593,149601],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149574,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149576,90],{"class":89},[71,149578,3320],{"class":117},[71,149580,109],{"class":89},[71,149582,183],{"class":117},[71,149584,109],{"class":89},[71,149586,701],{"class":117},[71,149588,121],{"class":89},[71,149590,149591],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149592,369],{"class":89},[71,149594,149595,149597,149599],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,149596,90],{"class":89},[71,149598,2466],{"class":117},[71,149600,149483],{"class":89},[71,149602,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625,149627],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,149604,90],{"class":89},[71,149606,100],{"class":99},[71,149608,56],{"class":103},[71,149610,100],{"class":99},[71,149612,109],{"class":89},[71,149614,231],{"class":99},[71,149616,176],{"class":103},[71,149618,100],{"class":99},[71,149620,109],{"class":89},[71,149622,231],{"class":99},[71,149624,694],{"class":103},[71,149626,100],{"class":99},[71,149628,121],{"class":89},[20,149630,149631,149632,60],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149633,149634],{},"(5,)",[288,149636,15275],{"id":15274},[40,149638,149639,149642,149645,149648,149651,149654],{},[43,149640,149641],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[43,149643,149644],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[43,149646,149647],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[43,149649,149650],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[43,149652,149653],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[43,149655,149656],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[288,149658,149660],{"id":149659},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149662,149663],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149665,149666],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[62,149668,149670],{"className":64,"code":149669,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149671,149672,149692],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149673,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149675,3950],{"class":77},[71,149677,82],{"class":81},[71,149679,171],{"class":89},[71,149681,3320],{"class":117},[71,149683,109],{"class":89},[71,149685,183],{"class":117},[71,149687,109],{"class":89},[71,149689,701],{"class":117},[71,149691,121],{"class":89},[71,149693,149694,149696,149698,149700],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149695,128],{"class":127},[71,149697,90],{"class":89},[71,149699,3980],{"class":133},[71,149701,121],{"class":89},[20,149703,209],{},[62,149705,149707],{"className":64,"code":149706,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149708,149709],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149710,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149712,90],{"class":89},[71,149714,3320],{"class":117},[71,149716,109],{"class":89},[71,149718,183],{"class":117},[71,149720,109],{"class":89},[71,149722,701],{"class":117},[71,149724,121],{"class":89},[20,149726,149727],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[62,149729,149731],{"className":64,"code":149730,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149732,149733,149757],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149734,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149736,78],{"class":77},[71,149738,82],{"class":81},[71,149740,171],{"class":89},[71,149742,3320],{"class":117},[71,149744,109],{"class":89},[71,149746,3683],{"class":99},[71,149748,4414],{"class":103},[71,149750,3184],{"class":99},[71,149752,109],{"class":89},[71,149754,4250],{"class":4184},[71,149756,121],{"class":89},[71,149758,149759,149761,149763,149765],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149760,128],{"class":127},[71,149762,90],{"class":89},[71,149764,134],{"class":133},[71,149766,121],{"class":89},[20,149768,209],{},[62,149770,149772],{"className":64,"code":149771,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149773,149774],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149775,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149777,90],{"class":89},[71,149779,3320],{"class":117},[71,149781,109],{"class":89},[71,149783,231],{"class":99},[71,149785,4414],{"class":103},[71,149787,100],{"class":99},[71,149789,109],{"class":89},[71,149791,4250],{"class":4184},[71,149793,121],{"class":89},[20,149795,149796,149797,60],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[56,149798,149800],{"href":149799},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[288,149802,149804],{"id":149803},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149806,149807],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[62,149809,149811],{"className":64,"code":149810,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149812,149813,149821,149831],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149814,149815,149817,149819],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149816,124991],{"class":77},[71,149818,82],{"class":81},[71,149820,149469],{"class":89},[71,149822,149823,149825,149827,149829],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149824,128],{"class":127},[71,149826,90],{"class":89},[71,149828,125042],{"class":133},[71,149830,121],{"class":89},[71,149832,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,149834,128],{"class":127},[71,149836,90],{"class":89},[71,149838,735],{"class":85},[71,149840,90],{"class":89},[71,149842,125042],{"class":133},[71,149844,204],{"class":89},[20,149846,209],{},[62,149848,149850],{"className":64,"code":149849,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149851,149852,149856],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149853,149854],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149855,369],{"class":89},[71,149857,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149859,765],{"class":81},[71,149861,769],{"class":768},[71,149863,231],{"class":99},[71,149865,49086],{"class":103},[71,149867,100],{"class":99},[71,149869,778],{"class":81},[20,149871,149872],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149874,149875],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[40,149877,149878,149883],{},[43,149879,149880,149881],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149882,7706],{},[43,149884,149885,149886],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149887,4119],{},[20,149889,149890,149891,60],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[56,149892,149893],{"href":57289},"Python list: creating a list",[288,149895,149897],{"id":149896},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149899,149900],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149902,149903,149904,149906],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[30,149905,4967],{}," automatically a tuple:",[62,149908,149910],{"className":64,"code":149909,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149911,149912,149924,149934],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149913,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149915,2778],{"class":77},[71,149917,82],{"class":81},[71,149919,171],{"class":89},[71,149921,2466],{"class":117},[71,149923,121],{"class":89},[71,149925,149926,149928,149930,149932],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149927,128],{"class":127},[71,149929,90],{"class":89},[71,149931,2804],{"class":133},[71,149933,121],{"class":89},[71,149935,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,149937,128],{"class":127},[71,149939,90],{"class":89},[71,149941,735],{"class":85},[71,149943,90],{"class":89},[71,149945,2804],{"class":133},[71,149947,204],{"class":89},[20,149949,209],{},[62,149951,149953],{"className":64,"code":149952,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149954,149955,149959],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149956,149957],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149958,3278],{"class":117},[71,149960,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149962,765],{"class":81},[71,149964,769],{"class":768},[71,149966,231],{"class":99},[71,149968,2517],{"class":103},[71,149970,100],{"class":99},[71,149972,778],{"class":81},[20,149974,149975],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[62,149977,149979],{"className":64,"code":149978,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149980,149981,149993,150003],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,149982,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,149984,149474],{"class":77},[71,149986,82],{"class":81},[71,149988,171],{"class":89},[71,149990,2466],{"class":117},[71,149992,149483],{"class":89},[71,149994,149995,149997,149999,150001],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,149996,128],{"class":127},[71,149998,90],{"class":89},[71,150000,149552],{"class":133},[71,150002,121],{"class":89},[71,150004,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,150006,128],{"class":127},[71,150008,90],{"class":89},[71,150010,735],{"class":85},[71,150012,90],{"class":89},[71,150014,149552],{"class":133},[71,150016,204],{"class":89},[20,150018,209],{},[62,150020,150022],{"className":64,"code":150021,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150023,150024,150032],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150025,150026,150028,150030],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150027,90],{"class":89},[71,150029,2466],{"class":117},[71,150031,149483],{"class":89},[71,150033,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150035,765],{"class":81},[71,150037,769],{"class":768},[71,150039,231],{"class":99},[71,150041,49086],{"class":103},[71,150043,100],{"class":99},[71,150045,778],{"class":81},[20,150047,16769],{},[62,150049,150051],{"className":64,"code":150050,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150052,150053],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150054,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150056,90],{"class":89},[71,150058,3184],{"class":99},[71,150060,4414],{"class":103},[71,150062,3184],{"class":99},[71,150064,149483],{"class":89},[20,150066,16757],{},[62,150068,150070],{"className":64,"code":150069,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150071,150072],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150073,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150075,90],{"class":89},[71,150077,3184],{"class":99},[71,150079,4414],{"class":103},[71,150081,3184],{"class":99},[71,150083,121],{"class":89},[20,150085,150086],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[288,150088,150090],{"id":150089},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150092,150093],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[350,150095,56597],{"id":3980},[62,150097,150098],{"className":64,"code":149669,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,150099,150100,150120],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150101,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150103,3950],{"class":77},[71,150105,82],{"class":81},[71,150107,171],{"class":89},[71,150109,3320],{"class":117},[71,150111,109],{"class":89},[71,150113,183],{"class":117},[71,150115,109],{"class":89},[71,150117,701],{"class":117},[71,150119,121],{"class":89},[71,150121,150122,150124,150126,150128],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150123,128],{"class":127},[71,150125,90],{"class":89},[71,150127,3980],{"class":133},[71,150129,121],{"class":89},[350,150131,56600],{"id":5644},[62,150133,150135],{"className":64,"code":150134,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150136,150137,150169],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150138,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150140,13186],{"class":77},[71,150142,82],{"class":81},[71,150144,171],{"class":89},[71,150146,3184],{"class":99},[71,150148,13203],{"class":103},[71,150150,3184],{"class":99},[71,150152,109],{"class":89},[71,150154,3683],{"class":99},[71,150156,17570],{"class":103},[71,150158,3184],{"class":99},[71,150160,109],{"class":89},[71,150162,3683],{"class":99},[71,150164,13220],{"class":103},[71,150166,3184],{"class":99},[71,150168,121],{"class":89},[71,150170,150171,150173,150175,150177],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150172,128],{"class":127},[71,150174,90],{"class":89},[71,150176,17617],{"class":133},[71,150178,121],{"class":89},[350,150180,150182],{"id":150181},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[62,150184,150186],{"className":64,"code":150185,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150187,150188,150212],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150189,150190,150192,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150191,59609],{"class":77},[71,150193,82],{"class":81},[71,150195,171],{"class":89},[71,150197,3320],{"class":117},[71,150199,109],{"class":89},[71,150201,3683],{"class":99},[71,150203,4414],{"class":103},[71,150205,3184],{"class":99},[71,150207,109],{"class":89},[71,150209,4250],{"class":4184},[71,150211,121],{"class":89},[71,150213,150214,150216,150218,150220],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150215,128],{"class":127},[71,150217,90],{"class":89},[71,150219,59662],{"class":133},[71,150221,121],{"class":89},[350,150223,150225],{"id":150224},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150227,150228],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[62,150230,150232],{"className":64,"code":150231,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150233,150234,150275],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150235,150236,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271,150273],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150237,150238],{"class":77},"nested ",[71,150240,82],{"class":81},[71,150242,171],{"class":89},[71,150244,3320],{"class":117},[71,150246,109],{"class":89},[71,150248,171],{"class":89},[71,150250,3184],{"class":99},[71,150252,56],{"class":103},[71,150254,3184],{"class":99},[71,150256,109],{"class":89},[71,150258,3683],{"class":99},[71,150260,176],{"class":103},[71,150262,3184],{"class":99},[71,150264,168],{"class":89},[71,150266,1740],{"class":89},[71,150268,2661],{"class":117},[71,150270,109],{"class":89},[71,150272,8129],{"class":117},[71,150274,4222],{"class":89},[71,150276,150277,150279,150281,150284],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150278,128],{"class":127},[71,150280,90],{"class":89},[71,150282,150283],{"class":133},"nested",[71,150285,121],{"class":89},[20,150287,209],{},[62,150289,150291],{"className":64,"code":150290,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150292,150293],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150294,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150296,90],{"class":89},[71,150298,3320],{"class":117},[71,150300,109],{"class":89},[71,150302,171],{"class":89},[71,150304,100],{"class":99},[71,150306,56],{"class":103},[71,150308,100],{"class":99},[71,150310,109],{"class":89},[71,150312,231],{"class":99},[71,150314,176],{"class":103},[71,150316,100],{"class":99},[71,150318,168],{"class":89},[71,150320,1740],{"class":89},[71,150322,2661],{"class":117},[71,150324,109],{"class":89},[71,150326,8129],{"class":117},[71,150328,4222],{"class":89},[288,150330,150332,150333],{"id":150331},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150334,38174],{},[20,150336,150337,150338,150340],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150339,38174],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150342,150343,150344,60],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[56,150345,63355],{"href":63354},[350,150347,105386],{"id":105385},[62,150349,150351],{"className":64,"code":150350,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150352,150353,150375],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150354,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367,150369,150371,150373],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150356,3950],{"class":77},[71,150358,82],{"class":81},[71,150360,149493],{"class":85},[71,150362,3317],{"class":89},[71,150364,3320],{"class":117},[71,150366,109],{"class":89},[71,150368,183],{"class":117},[71,150370,109],{"class":89},[71,150372,701],{"class":117},[71,150374,4222],{"class":89},[71,150376,150377,150379,150381,150383],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150378,128],{"class":127},[71,150380,90],{"class":89},[71,150382,3980],{"class":133},[71,150384,121],{"class":89},[20,150386,209],{},[62,150388,150389],{"className":64,"code":149706,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,150390,150391],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150392,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403,150405],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150394,90],{"class":89},[71,150396,3320],{"class":117},[71,150398,109],{"class":89},[71,150400,183],{"class":117},[71,150402,109],{"class":89},[71,150404,701],{"class":117},[71,150406,121],{"class":89},[350,150408,105572],{"id":105571},[62,150410,150412],{"className":64,"code":150411,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150413,150414,150432],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150415,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150417,36216],{"class":77},[71,150419,82],{"class":81},[71,150421,149493],{"class":85},[71,150423,90],{"class":89},[71,150425,3184],{"class":99},[71,150427,41690],{"class":103},[71,150429,3184],{"class":99},[71,150431,121],{"class":89},[71,150433,150434,150436,150438,150440],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150435,128],{"class":127},[71,150437,90],{"class":89},[71,150439,36269],{"class":133},[71,150441,121],{"class":89},[20,150443,209],{},[62,150445,150447],{"className":64,"code":150446,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150448,150449],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150450,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150452,90],{"class":89},[71,150454,100],{"class":99},[71,150456,56],{"class":103},[71,150458,100],{"class":99},[71,150460,109],{"class":89},[71,150462,231],{"class":99},[71,150464,176],{"class":103},[71,150466,100],{"class":99},[71,150468,109],{"class":89},[71,150470,231],{"class":99},[71,150472,694],{"class":103},[71,150474,100],{"class":99},[71,150476,121],{"class":89},[20,150478,150479],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[350,150481,150483],{"id":150482},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[62,150485,150487],{"className":64,"code":150486,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150488,150489,150507],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150490,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150492,4154],{"class":77},[71,150494,82],{"class":81},[71,150496,149493],{"class":85},[71,150498,90],{"class":89},[71,150500,60135],{"class":127},[71,150502,90],{"class":89},[71,150504,2836],{"class":117},[71,150506,204],{"class":89},[71,150508,150509,150511,150513,150515],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150510,128],{"class":127},[71,150512,90],{"class":89},[71,150514,5694],{"class":133},[71,150516,121],{"class":89},[20,150518,209],{},[62,150520,150522],{"className":64,"code":150521,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150523,150524],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150525,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150527,90],{"class":89},[71,150529,2449],{"class":117},[71,150531,109],{"class":89},[71,150533,165],{"class":117},[71,150535,109],{"class":89},[71,150537,183],{"class":117},[71,150539,109],{"class":89},[71,150541,701],{"class":117},[71,150543,121],{"class":89},[20,150545,150546],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[288,150548,20917],{"id":20916},[40,150550,150551,150554,150557,150560],{},[43,150552,150553],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[43,150555,150556],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[43,150558,150559],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[43,150561,150562],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150564,150565,150566,60],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[56,150567,150569],{"href":150568},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[288,150571,2054],{"id":2053},[20,150573,150574],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[350,150576,150578],{"id":150577},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150580,150581],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[62,150583,150585],{"className":64,"code":150584,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150586,150587,150603],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150588,150589,150591,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150590,28658],{"class":77},[71,150592,82],{"class":81},[71,150594,171],{"class":89},[71,150596,3184],{"class":99},[71,150598,4414],{"class":103},[71,150600,3184],{"class":99},[71,150602,121],{"class":89},[71,150604,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150606,128],{"class":127},[71,150608,90],{"class":89},[71,150610,735],{"class":85},[71,150612,90],{"class":89},[71,150614,23428],{"class":133},[71,150616,204],{"class":89},[20,150618,150619],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[62,150621,150623],{"className":64,"code":150622,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150624,150625,150641],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150626,150627,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150628,28658],{"class":77},[71,150630,82],{"class":81},[71,150632,171],{"class":89},[71,150634,3184],{"class":99},[71,150636,4414],{"class":103},[71,150638,3184],{"class":99},[71,150640,149483],{"class":89},[71,150642,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651,150653],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150644,128],{"class":127},[71,150646,90],{"class":89},[71,150648,735],{"class":85},[71,150650,90],{"class":89},[71,150652,23428],{"class":133},[71,150654,204],{"class":89},[350,150656,150658],{"id":150657},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150660,150661],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[62,150663,150665],{"className":64,"code":150664,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150666,150667,150687],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150668,150669,150671,150673,150675,150677,150679,150681,150683,150685],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150670,4154],{"class":77},[71,150672,82],{"class":81},[71,150674,1740],{"class":89},[71,150676,3320],{"class":117},[71,150678,109],{"class":89},[71,150680,183],{"class":117},[71,150682,109],{"class":89},[71,150684,701],{"class":117},[71,150686,1757],{"class":89},[71,150688,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150690,128],{"class":127},[71,150692,90],{"class":89},[71,150694,735],{"class":85},[71,150696,90],{"class":89},[71,150698,5694],{"class":133},[71,150700,204],{"class":89},[20,150702,150703],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[62,150705,150707],{"className":64,"code":150706,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150708,150709,150729],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150710,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150712,4154],{"class":77},[71,150714,82],{"class":81},[71,150716,171],{"class":89},[71,150718,3320],{"class":117},[71,150720,109],{"class":89},[71,150722,183],{"class":117},[71,150724,109],{"class":89},[71,150726,701],{"class":117},[71,150728,121],{"class":89},[71,150730,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150732,128],{"class":127},[71,150734,90],{"class":89},[71,150736,735],{"class":85},[71,150738,90],{"class":89},[71,150740,5694],{"class":133},[71,150742,204],{"class":89},[350,150744,150746],{"id":150745},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150748,150559],{},[62,150750,150752],{"className":64,"code":150751,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150753,150754,150774],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150755,150756,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150757,3950],{"class":77},[71,150759,82],{"class":81},[71,150761,171],{"class":89},[71,150763,3320],{"class":117},[71,150765,109],{"class":89},[71,150767,183],{"class":117},[71,150769,109],{"class":89},[71,150771,701],{"class":117},[71,150773,121],{"class":89},[71,150775,150776],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150777,150778],{"class":1439},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150780,150781],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[350,150783,37331,150785,150788],{"id":150784},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150786,150787],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150790,64781],{},[62,150792,150793],{"className":64,"code":150411,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,150794,150795,150813],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150796,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150798,36216],{"class":77},[71,150800,82],{"class":81},[71,150802,149493],{"class":85},[71,150804,90],{"class":89},[71,150806,3184],{"class":99},[71,150808,41690],{"class":103},[71,150810,3184],{"class":99},[71,150812,121],{"class":89},[71,150814,150815,150817,150819,150821],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150816,128],{"class":127},[71,150818,90],{"class":89},[71,150820,36269],{"class":133},[71,150822,121],{"class":89},[20,150824,150825],{},"gives:",[62,150827,150828],{"className":64,"code":150446,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,150829,150830],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150831,150832,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846,150848,150850,150852,150854,150856],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150833,90],{"class":89},[71,150835,100],{"class":99},[71,150837,56],{"class":103},[71,150839,100],{"class":99},[71,150841,109],{"class":89},[71,150843,231],{"class":99},[71,150845,176],{"class":103},[71,150847,100],{"class":99},[71,150849,109],{"class":89},[71,150851,231],{"class":99},[71,150853,694],{"class":103},[71,150855,100],{"class":99},[71,150857,121],{"class":89},[20,150859,150860],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[62,150862,150864],{"className":64,"code":150863,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150865,150866,150882],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150867,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876,150878,150880],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150869,6491],{"class":77},[71,150871,82],{"class":81},[71,150873,171],{"class":89},[71,150875,3184],{"class":99},[71,150877,41690],{"class":103},[71,150879,3184],{"class":99},[71,150881,149483],{"class":89},[71,150883,150884,150886,150888,150890],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150885,128],{"class":127},[71,150887,90],{"class":89},[71,150889,38519],{"class":133},[71,150891,121],{"class":89},[20,150893,209],{},[62,150895,150897],{"className":64,"code":150896,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('abc',)\n",[15,150898,150899],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150900,150901,150903,150905,150907,150909],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150902,90],{"class":89},[71,150904,100],{"class":99},[71,150906,41690],{"class":103},[71,150908,100],{"class":99},[71,150910,149483],{"class":89},[350,150912,150914],{"id":150913},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150916,150917],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[62,150919,150921],{"className":64,"code":150920,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150922,150923,150940,150944,150954,150968],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,150924,150925,150928,150930,150932,150934,150936,150938],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,150926,150927],{"class":77},"my_tuple ",[71,150929,82],{"class":81},[71,150931,171],{"class":89},[71,150933,3184],{"class":99},[71,150935,4414],{"class":103},[71,150937,3184],{"class":99},[71,150939,149483],{"class":89},[71,150941,150942],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,150943,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,150945,150946,150948,150950,150952],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,150947,128],{"class":127},[71,150949,90],{"class":89},[71,150951,148145],{"class":133},[71,150953,121],{"class":89},[71,150955,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,150957,128],{"class":127},[71,150959,90],{"class":89},[71,150961,735],{"class":85},[71,150963,90],{"class":89},[71,150965,148145],{"class":133},[71,150967,204],{"class":89},[71,150969,150970,150972,150974,150976,150978,150980],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,150971,128],{"class":127},[71,150973,90],{"class":89},[71,150975,2139],{"class":127},[71,150977,90],{"class":89},[71,150979,148145],{"class":133},[71,150981,204],{"class":89},[288,150983,2163],{"id":2162},[350,150985,150987],{"id":150986},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150989,150990,150991,150994],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150992,150993],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[350,150996,150998],{"id":150997},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151000,151001],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[350,151003,151005],{"id":151004},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151007,151008],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[350,151010,151012],{"id":151011},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151014,151015],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[350,151017,5479,151019,12825],{"id":151018},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151020,150787],{},[20,151022,5485,151023,151026],{},[15,151024,151025],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[288,151028,2221],{"id":2220},[40,151030,151031,151035,151039,151045,151050,151055,151059],{},[43,151032,151033],{},[56,151034,148127],{"href":148126},[43,151036,151037],{},[56,151038,149800],{"href":149799},[43,151040,151041],{},[56,151042,151044],{"href":151043},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[43,151046,151047],{},[56,151048,151049],{"href":149365},"Python tuple length with len()",[43,151051,151052],{},[56,151053,151054],{"href":149430},"What is a tuple in Python?",[43,151056,151057],{},[56,151058,63355],{"href":63354},[43,151060,151061],{},[56,151062,151063],{"href":150568},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2250,151065,151066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":151068},[151069,151070,151071,151072,151073,151074,151080,151086,151087,151095,151103],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":15274,"depth":124,"text":15275},{"id":149659,"depth":124,"text":149660},{"id":149803,"depth":124,"text":149804},{"id":149896,"depth":124,"text":149897},{"id":150089,"depth":124,"text":150090,"children":151075},[151076,151077,151078,151079],{"id":3980,"depth":139,"text":56597},{"id":5644,"depth":139,"text":56600},{"id":150181,"depth":139,"text":150182},{"id":150224,"depth":139,"text":150225},{"id":150331,"depth":124,"text":151081,"children":151082},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151083,151084,151085],{"id":105385,"depth":139,"text":105386},{"id":105571,"depth":139,"text":105572},{"id":150482,"depth":139,"text":150483},{"id":20916,"depth":124,"text":20917},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":151088},[151089,151090,151091,151092,151094],{"id":150577,"depth":139,"text":150578},{"id":150657,"depth":139,"text":150658},{"id":150745,"depth":139,"text":150746},{"id":150784,"depth":139,"text":151093},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150913,"depth":139,"text":150914},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":151096},[151097,151098,151099,151100,151101],{"id":150986,"depth":139,"text":150987},{"id":150997,"depth":139,"text":150998},{"id":151004,"depth":139,"text":151005},{"id":151011,"depth":139,"text":151012},{"id":151018,"depth":139,"text":151102},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149416,"description":151104},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151111,"title":151112,"body":151113,"description":152658,"extension":2292,"meta":152659,"navigation":142,"path":152660,"seo":152661,"stem":152662,"__hash__":152663},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151114,"toc":152628},[151115,151118,151123,151125,151138,151144,151146,151213,151215,151250,151255,151259,151263,151265,151276,151284,151286,151288,151309,151311,151331,151334,151336,151341,151384,151386,151408,151411,151424,151428,151432,151435,151488,151490,151511,151516,151520,151523,151568,151570,151603,151615,151619,151627,151664,151666,151695,151699,151702,151755,151757,151777,151784,151788,151793,151862,151864,151889,151893,151896,151902,151979,151981,152040,152042,152054,152059,152063,152067,152081,152083,152118,152120,152137,152140,152153,152157,152161,152172,152177,152192,152195,152198,152200,152203,152207,152209,152223,152225,152249,152254,152258,152261,152280,152283,152332,152337,152354,152357,152390,152394,152396,152447,152450,152475,152478,152501,152505,152511,152513,152548,152551,152556,152558,152562,152565,152569,152574,152578,152581,152585,152588,152592,152597,152599,152625],[10,151116,151112],{"id":151117},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151119,22,151120,151122],{},[15,151121,38174],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151124,82727],{},[40,151126,151127,151132],{},[43,151128,151129,151131],{},[15,151130,38174],{}," creates an empty tuple",[43,151133,151134,151137],{},[15,151135,151136],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151139,151140,151141,151143],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151142,38174],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[288,151145,2334],{"id":2333},[62,151147,151149],{"className":64,"code":151148,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151150,151151,151171,151185,151189,151199],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151152,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151154,3950],{"class":77},[71,151156,82],{"class":81},[71,151158,1740],{"class":89},[71,151160,3320],{"class":117},[71,151162,109],{"class":89},[71,151164,183],{"class":117},[71,151166,109],{"class":89},[71,151168,701],{"class":117},[71,151170,1757],{"class":89},[71,151172,151173,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151174,1102],{"class":77},[71,151176,82],{"class":81},[71,151178,149493],{"class":85},[71,151180,90],{"class":89},[71,151182,3980],{"class":133},[71,151184,121],{"class":89},[71,151186,151187],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,151188,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,151190,151191,151193,151195,151197],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,151192,128],{"class":127},[71,151194,90],{"class":89},[71,151196,2594],{"class":133},[71,151198,121],{"class":89},[71,151200,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,151202,128],{"class":127},[71,151204,90],{"class":89},[71,151206,735],{"class":85},[71,151208,90],{"class":89},[71,151210,2594],{"class":133},[71,151212,204],{"class":89},[20,151214,209],{},[62,151216,151218],{"className":64,"code":151217,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151219,151220,151236],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151221,151222,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232,151234],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151223,90],{"class":89},[71,151225,3320],{"class":117},[71,151227,109],{"class":89},[71,151229,183],{"class":117},[71,151231,109],{"class":89},[71,151233,701],{"class":117},[71,151235,121],{"class":89},[71,151237,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151239,765],{"class":81},[71,151241,769],{"class":768},[71,151243,231],{"class":99},[71,151245,49086],{"class":103},[71,151247,100],{"class":99},[71,151249,778],{"class":81},[20,151251,283,151252,151254],{},[15,151253,151136],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[288,151256,151258],{"id":151257},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151260,151261,63063],{},[15,151262,38174],{},[20,151264,49060],{},[40,151266,151267,151270,151273],{},[43,151268,151269],{},"creates a tuple object",[43,151271,151272],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[43,151274,151275],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151277,151278,151279,151281,151282,60],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[56,151280,149431],{"href":149430}," or the full guide to ",[56,151283,148127],{"href":148126},[288,151285,343],{"id":342},[20,151287,26606],{},[62,151289,151291],{"className":64,"code":151290,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151292,151293,151299],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151294,151295,151297],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151296,49086],{"class":85},[71,151298,369],{"class":89},[71,151300,151301,151303,151305,151307],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151302,49086],{"class":85},[71,151304,90],{"class":89},[71,151306,4052],{"class":133},[71,151308,121],{"class":89},[20,151310,11565],{},[40,151312,151313,151316],{},[43,151314,151315],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[43,151317,151318,151319],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[40,151320,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329],{},[43,151322,5635],{},[43,151324,5644],{},[43,151326,63134],{},[43,151328,5641],{},[43,151330,7591],{},[20,151332,151333],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[288,151335,149804],{"id":149803},[20,151337,29770,151338,151340],{},[15,151339,38174],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[62,151342,151344],{"className":64,"code":151343,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151345,151346,151356,151360,151370],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151347,151348,151350,151352,151354],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151349,124991],{"class":77},[71,151351,82],{"class":81},[71,151353,149493],{"class":85},[71,151355,369],{"class":89},[71,151357,151358],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151359,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,151361,151362,151364,151366,151368],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,151363,128],{"class":127},[71,151365,90],{"class":89},[71,151367,125042],{"class":133},[71,151369,121],{"class":89},[71,151371,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,151373,128],{"class":127},[71,151375,90],{"class":89},[71,151377,735],{"class":85},[71,151379,90],{"class":89},[71,151381,125042],{"class":133},[71,151383,204],{"class":89},[20,151385,209],{},[62,151387,151388],{"className":64,"code":149849,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,151389,151390,151394],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151391,151392],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151393,369],{"class":89},[71,151395,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151397,765],{"class":81},[71,151399,769],{"class":768},[71,151401,231],{"class":99},[71,151403,49086],{"class":103},[71,151405,100],{"class":99},[71,151407,778],{"class":81},[20,151409,151410],{},"This is equivalent to:",[62,151412,151414],{"className":64,"code":151413,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty = ()\n",[15,151415,151416],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151417,151418,151420,151422],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151419,124991],{"class":77},[71,151421,82],{"class":81},[71,151423,149469],{"class":89},[288,151425,151427],{"id":151426},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[350,151429,151431],{"id":151430},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151433,151434],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[62,151436,151438],{"className":64,"code":151437,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151439,151440,151460,151474,151478],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151441,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151443,3950],{"class":77},[71,151445,82],{"class":81},[71,151447,1740],{"class":89},[71,151449,2661],{"class":117},[71,151451,109],{"class":89},[71,151453,8129],{"class":117},[71,151455,109],{"class":89},[71,151457,8134],{"class":117},[71,151459,1757],{"class":89},[71,151461,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151463,1102],{"class":77},[71,151465,82],{"class":81},[71,151467,149493],{"class":85},[71,151469,90],{"class":89},[71,151471,3980],{"class":133},[71,151473,121],{"class":89},[71,151475,151476],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,151477,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,151479,151480,151482,151484,151486],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,151481,128],{"class":127},[71,151483,90],{"class":89},[71,151485,2594],{"class":133},[71,151487,121],{"class":89},[20,151489,209],{},[62,151491,151493],{"className":64,"code":151492,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151494,151495],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151496,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151498,90],{"class":89},[71,151500,2661],{"class":117},[71,151502,109],{"class":89},[71,151504,8129],{"class":117},[71,151506,109],{"class":89},[71,151508,8134],{"class":117},[71,151510,121],{"class":89},[20,151512,151513,151514,60],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[56,151515,105191],{"href":60192},[350,151517,151519],{"id":151518},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151521,151522],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[62,151524,151526],{"className":64,"code":151525,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151527,151528,151540,151554,151558],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151529,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151531,34811],{"class":77},[71,151533,82],{"class":81},[71,151535,3683],{"class":99},[71,151537,37174],{"class":103},[71,151539,3689],{"class":99},[71,151541,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151543,1102],{"class":77},[71,151545,82],{"class":81},[71,151547,149493],{"class":85},[71,151549,90],{"class":89},[71,151551,34832],{"class":133},[71,151553,121],{"class":89},[71,151555,151556],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,151557,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,151559,151560,151562,151564,151566],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,151561,128],{"class":127},[71,151563,90],{"class":89},[71,151565,2594],{"class":133},[71,151567,121],{"class":89},[20,151569,209],{},[62,151571,151573],{"className":64,"code":151572,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151574,151575],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151576,151577,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151578,90],{"class":89},[71,151580,100],{"class":99},[71,151582,694],{"class":103},[71,151584,100],{"class":99},[71,151586,109],{"class":89},[71,151588,231],{"class":99},[71,151590,56],{"class":103},[71,151592,100],{"class":99},[71,151594,109],{"class":89},[71,151596,231],{"class":99},[71,151598,63424],{"class":103},[71,151600,100],{"class":99},[71,151602,121],{"class":89},[20,151604,151605,151606,14165,151609,151611,151612,60],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151607,151608],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[30,151610,4967],{}," create ",[15,151613,151614],{},"('cat',)",[350,151616,151618],{"id":151617},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151620,151621,151623,151624,151626],{},[15,151622,36324],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151625,38174],{}," collects them all.",[62,151628,151630],{"className":64,"code":151629,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151631,151632,151650,151654],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151633,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151635,1102],{"class":77},[71,151637,82],{"class":81},[71,151639,149493],{"class":85},[71,151641,90],{"class":89},[71,151643,60135],{"class":127},[71,151645,90],{"class":89},[71,151647,2466],{"class":117},[71,151649,204],{"class":89},[71,151651,151652],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151653,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,151655,151656,151658,151660,151662],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,151657,128],{"class":127},[71,151659,90],{"class":89},[71,151661,2594],{"class":133},[71,151663,121],{"class":89},[20,151665,209],{},[62,151667,151669],{"className":64,"code":151668,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151670,151671],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151672,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151674,90],{"class":89},[71,151676,2449],{"class":117},[71,151678,109],{"class":89},[71,151680,165],{"class":117},[71,151682,109],{"class":89},[71,151684,183],{"class":117},[71,151686,109],{"class":89},[71,151688,701],{"class":117},[71,151690,109],{"class":89},[71,151692,2788],{"class":117},[71,151694,121],{"class":89},[350,151696,151698],{"id":151697},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151700,151701],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[62,151703,151705],{"className":64,"code":151704,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151706,151707,151727,151741,151745],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151708,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723,151725],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151710,4154],{"class":77},[71,151712,82],{"class":81},[71,151714,1456],{"class":89},[71,151716,3320],{"class":117},[71,151718,109],{"class":89},[71,151720,183],{"class":117},[71,151722,109],{"class":89},[71,151724,701],{"class":117},[71,151726,252],{"class":89},[71,151728,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151730,1102],{"class":77},[71,151732,82],{"class":81},[71,151734,149493],{"class":85},[71,151736,90],{"class":89},[71,151738,5694],{"class":133},[71,151740,121],{"class":89},[71,151742,151743],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,151744,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,151746,151747,151749,151751,151753],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,151748,128],{"class":127},[71,151750,90],{"class":89},[71,151752,2594],{"class":133},[71,151754,121],{"class":89},[20,151756,209],{},[62,151758,151759],{"className":64,"code":149706,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,151760,151761],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151762,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151764,90],{"class":89},[71,151766,3320],{"class":117},[71,151768,109],{"class":89},[71,151770,183],{"class":117},[71,151772,109],{"class":89},[71,151774,701],{"class":117},[71,151776,121],{"class":89},[20,151778,151779,151780,60],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[56,151781,151783],{"href":151782},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[350,151785,151787],{"id":151786},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151789,63677,151790,151792],{},[15,151791,38174],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[62,151794,151796],{"className":64,"code":151795,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151797,151798,151834,151848,151852],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151799,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151801,13315],{"class":77},[71,151803,82],{"class":81},[71,151805,1456],{"class":89},[71,151807,3184],{"class":99},[71,151809,94],{"class":103},[71,151811,3184],{"class":99},[71,151813,228],{"class":89},[71,151815,3683],{"class":99},[71,151817,12990],{"class":103},[71,151819,3184],{"class":99},[71,151821,109],{"class":89},[71,151823,3683],{"class":99},[71,151825,242],{"class":103},[71,151827,3184],{"class":99},[71,151829,228],{"class":89},[71,151831,249],{"class":117},[71,151833,252],{"class":89},[71,151835,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151837,1102],{"class":77},[71,151839,82],{"class":81},[71,151841,149493],{"class":85},[71,151843,90],{"class":89},[71,151845,17421],{"class":133},[71,151847,121],{"class":89},[71,151849,151850],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,151851,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,151853,151854,151856,151858,151860],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,151855,128],{"class":127},[71,151857,90],{"class":89},[71,151859,2594],{"class":133},[71,151861,121],{"class":89},[20,151863,30150],{},[62,151865,151867],{"className":64,"code":151866,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151868,151869],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151870,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151872,90],{"class":89},[71,151874,100],{"class":99},[71,151876,94],{"class":103},[71,151878,100],{"class":99},[71,151880,109],{"class":89},[71,151882,231],{"class":99},[71,151884,242],{"class":103},[71,151886,100],{"class":99},[71,151888,121],{"class":89},[288,151890,151892],{"id":151891},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151894,151895],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151897,151898,151901],{},[15,151899,151900],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[62,151903,151905],{"className":64,"code":151904,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151906,151907,151943,151947,151961],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151908,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151910,13315],{"class":77},[71,151912,82],{"class":81},[71,151914,1456],{"class":89},[71,151916,3184],{"class":99},[71,151918,94],{"class":103},[71,151920,3184],{"class":99},[71,151922,228],{"class":89},[71,151924,3683],{"class":99},[71,151926,12990],{"class":103},[71,151928,3184],{"class":99},[71,151930,109],{"class":89},[71,151932,3683],{"class":99},[71,151934,242],{"class":103},[71,151936,3184],{"class":99},[71,151938,228],{"class":89},[71,151940,249],{"class":117},[71,151942,252],{"class":89},[71,151944,151945],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,151946,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,151948,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,151950,128],{"class":127},[71,151952,90],{"class":89},[71,151954,49086],{"class":85},[71,151956,90],{"class":89},[71,151958,17421],{"class":133},[71,151960,204],{"class":89},[71,151962,151963,151965,151967,151969,151971,151973,151975,151977],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,151964,128],{"class":127},[71,151966,90],{"class":89},[71,151968,49086],{"class":85},[71,151970,90],{"class":89},[71,151972,17421],{"class":133},[71,151974,60],{"class":89},[71,151976,1770],{"class":133},[71,151978,6627],{"class":89},[20,151980,209],{},[62,151982,151984],{"className":64,"code":151983,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151985,151986,152006],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,151987,151988,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,151989,90],{"class":89},[71,151991,100],{"class":99},[71,151993,94],{"class":103},[71,151995,100],{"class":99},[71,151997,109],{"class":89},[71,151999,231],{"class":99},[71,152001,242],{"class":103},[71,152003,100],{"class":99},[71,152005,121],{"class":89},[71,152007,152008,152010,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036,152038],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,152009,5846],{"class":89},[71,152011,100],{"class":99},[71,152013,94],{"class":103},[71,152015,100],{"class":99},[71,152017,109],{"class":89},[71,152019,231],{"class":99},[71,152021,12990],{"class":103},[71,152023,100],{"class":99},[71,152025,168],{"class":89},[71,152027,171],{"class":89},[71,152029,100],{"class":99},[71,152031,242],{"class":103},[71,152033,100],{"class":99},[71,152035,109],{"class":89},[71,152037,249],{"class":117},[71,152039,204],{"class":89},[20,152041,18810],{},[40,152043,152044,152049],{},[43,152045,152046,152048],{},[15,152047,151900],{}," for keys",[43,152050,152051,32679],{},[15,152052,152053],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152055,152056,152057,60],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[56,152058,63687],{"href":63686},[288,152060,152062],{"id":152061},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152064,152065,18434],{},[15,152066,38174],{},[40,152068,152069,152072,152075,152078],{},[43,152070,152071],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[43,152073,152074],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[43,152076,152077],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[43,152079,152080],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152082,2537],{},[62,152084,152086],{"className":64,"code":152085,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152087,152088,152107],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152089,152090,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152091,152092],{"class":77},"coordinates ",[71,152094,82],{"class":81},[71,152096,149493],{"class":85},[71,152098,3317],{"class":89},[71,152100,2836],{"class":117},[71,152102,109],{"class":89},[71,152104,6330],{"class":117},[71,152106,4222],{"class":89},[71,152108,152109,152111,152113,152116],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,152110,128],{"class":127},[71,152112,90],{"class":89},[71,152114,152115],{"class":133},"coordinates",[71,152117,121],{"class":89},[20,152119,209],{},[62,152121,152123],{"className":64,"code":152122,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152124,152125],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152126,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152128,90],{"class":89},[71,152130,2836],{"class":117},[71,152132,109],{"class":89},[71,152134,6330],{"class":117},[71,152136,121],{"class":89},[20,152138,152139],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[40,152141,152142,152144,152147,152150],{},[43,152143,152115],{},[43,152145,152146],{},"RGB colors",[43,152148,152149],{},"dates",[43,152151,152152],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[288,152154,152156],{"id":152155},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152158,44560,152159,1569],{},[15,152160,38174],{},[40,152162,152163,152166,152169],{},[43,152164,152165],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[43,152167,152168],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[43,152170,152171],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152173,116618,152174,152176],{},[30,152175,4967],{}," work:",[62,152178,152180],{"className":64,"code":152179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152181,152182],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152183,152184,152186,152188,152190],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152185,49086],{"class":85},[71,152187,90],{"class":89},[71,152189,2466],{"class":117},[71,152191,121],{"class":89},[20,152193,152194],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152196,152197],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[288,152199,115456],{"id":115455},[20,152201,152202],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[350,152204,152206],{"id":152205},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152208,1052],{},[62,152210,152211],{"className":64,"code":152179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,152212,152213],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152214,152215,152217,152219,152221],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152216,49086],{"class":85},[71,152218,90],{"class":89},[71,152220,2466],{"class":117},[71,152222,121],{"class":89},[20,152224,29801],{},[62,152226,152227],{"className":64,"code":63791,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,152228,152229],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152232,3337],{"class":85},[71,152234,228],{"class":89},[71,152236,231],{"class":99},[71,152238,2517],{"class":103},[71,152240,100],{"class":99},[71,152242,24735],{"class":85},[71,152244,8436],{"class":81},[71,152246,8439],{"class":81},[71,152248,63814],{"class":77},[20,152250,152251,152252,60],{},"If you see this, read ",[56,152253,62428],{"href":52734},[350,152255,152257],{"id":152256},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152259,152260],{},"This code:",[62,152262,152264],{"className":64,"code":152263,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152265,152266],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152267,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152269,49086],{"class":85},[71,152271,90],{"class":89},[71,152273,3184],{"class":99},[71,152275,4177],{"class":103},[71,152277,3184],{"class":99},[71,152279,121],{"class":89},[20,152281,152282],{},"returns:",[62,152284,152286],{"className":64,"code":152285,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152287,152288],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152289,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152291,90],{"class":89},[71,152293,100],{"class":99},[71,152295,60575],{"class":103},[71,152297,100],{"class":99},[71,152299,109],{"class":89},[71,152301,231],{"class":99},[71,152303,60584],{"class":103},[71,152305,100],{"class":99},[71,152307,109],{"class":89},[71,152309,231],{"class":99},[71,152311,60593],{"class":103},[71,152313,100],{"class":99},[71,152315,109],{"class":89},[71,152317,231],{"class":99},[71,152319,60593],{"class":103},[71,152321,100],{"class":99},[71,152323,109],{"class":89},[71,152325,231],{"class":99},[71,152327,60610],{"class":103},[71,152329,100],{"class":99},[71,152331,121],{"class":89},[20,152333,41035,152334,152336],{},[30,152335,4967],{}," return:",[62,152338,152340],{"className":64,"code":152339,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('hello',)\n",[15,152341,152342],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152343,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152345,90],{"class":89},[71,152347,100],{"class":99},[71,152349,4177],{"class":103},[71,152351,100],{"class":99},[71,152353,149483],{"class":89},[20,152355,152356],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[62,152358,152360],{"className":64,"code":152359,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152361,152362,152379],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152363,152364,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152365,152366],{"class":77},"single ",[71,152368,82],{"class":81},[71,152370,171],{"class":89},[71,152372,3184],{"class":99},[71,152374,4177],{"class":103},[71,152376,3184],{"class":99},[71,152378,149483],{"class":89},[71,152380,152381,152383,152385,152388],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,152382,128],{"class":127},[71,152384,90],{"class":89},[71,152386,152387],{"class":133},"single",[71,152389,121],{"class":89},[350,152391,152393],{"id":152392},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152395,152260],{},[62,152397,152399],{"className":64,"code":152398,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152400,152401,152433],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152402,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152404,78],{"class":77},[71,152406,82],{"class":81},[71,152408,1456],{"class":89},[71,152410,3184],{"class":99},[71,152412,56],{"class":103},[71,152414,3184],{"class":99},[71,152416,228],{"class":89},[71,152418,165],{"class":117},[71,152420,109],{"class":89},[71,152422,3683],{"class":99},[71,152424,176],{"class":103},[71,152426,3184],{"class":99},[71,152428,228],{"class":89},[71,152430,183],{"class":117},[71,152432,252],{"class":89},[71,152434,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,152436,128],{"class":127},[71,152438,90],{"class":89},[71,152440,49086],{"class":85},[71,152442,90],{"class":89},[71,152444,134],{"class":133},[71,152446,204],{"class":89},[20,152448,152449],{},"returns only the keys:",[62,152451,152453],{"className":64,"code":152452,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152454,152455],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152456,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152458,90],{"class":89},[71,152460,100],{"class":99},[71,152462,56],{"class":103},[71,152464,100],{"class":99},[71,152466,109],{"class":89},[71,152468,231],{"class":99},[71,152470,176],{"class":103},[71,152472,100],{"class":99},[71,152474,121],{"class":89},[20,152476,152477],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[62,152479,152481],{"className":64,"code":152480,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152482,152483],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152484,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152486,128],{"class":127},[71,152488,90],{"class":89},[71,152490,49086],{"class":85},[71,152492,90],{"class":89},[71,152494,134],{"class":133},[71,152496,60],{"class":89},[71,152498,1770],{"class":133},[71,152500,6627],{"class":89},[350,152502,152504],{"id":152503},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152506,152507,152508,152510],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152509,38174],{}," conversion.",[20,152512,5808],{},[62,152514,152516],{"className":64,"code":152515,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152517,152518,152538],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152519,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152521,2778],{"class":77},[71,152523,82],{"class":81},[71,152525,171],{"class":89},[71,152527,3320],{"class":117},[71,152529,109],{"class":89},[71,152531,183],{"class":117},[71,152533,109],{"class":89},[71,152535,701],{"class":117},[71,152537,121],{"class":89},[71,152539,152540,152542,152544,152546],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,152541,128],{"class":127},[71,152543,90],{"class":89},[71,152545,2804],{"class":133},[71,152547,121],{"class":89},[20,152549,152550],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152552,25624,152553,152555],{},[15,152554,38174],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[288,152557,2163],{"id":2162},[350,152559,152561],{"id":152560},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152563,152564],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[350,152566,152568],{"id":152567},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152570,152571,152572,60],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152573,7706],{},[350,152575,152577],{"id":152576},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152579,152580],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[350,152582,152584],{"id":152583},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152586,152587],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[350,152589,152591],{"id":152590},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152593,152594,152595,60],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152596,3337],{},[288,152598,2221],{"id":2220},[40,152600,152601,152605,152609,152613,152617,152621],{},[43,152602,152603],{},[56,152604,148127],{"href":148126},[43,152606,152607],{},[56,152608,151054],{"href":149430},[43,152610,152611],{},[56,152612,105191],{"href":60192},[43,152614,152615],{},[56,152616,151783],{"href":151782},[43,152618,152619],{},[56,152620,63687],{"href":63686},[43,152622,152623],{},[56,152624,62428],{"href":52734},[2250,152626,152627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":152629},[152630,152631,152632,152633,152634,152641,152642,152643,152644,152650,152657],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":151257,"depth":124,"text":151258},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":149803,"depth":124,"text":149804},{"id":151426,"depth":124,"text":151427,"children":152635},[152636,152637,152638,152639,152640],{"id":151430,"depth":139,"text":151431},{"id":151518,"depth":139,"text":151519},{"id":151617,"depth":139,"text":151618},{"id":151697,"depth":139,"text":151698},{"id":151786,"depth":139,"text":151787},{"id":151891,"depth":124,"text":151892},{"id":152061,"depth":124,"text":152062},{"id":152155,"depth":124,"text":152156},{"id":115455,"depth":124,"text":115456,"children":152645},[152646,152647,152648,152649],{"id":152205,"depth":139,"text":152206},{"id":152256,"depth":139,"text":152257},{"id":152392,"depth":139,"text":152393},{"id":152503,"depth":139,"text":152504},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":152651},[152652,152653,152654,152655,152656],{"id":152560,"depth":139,"text":152561},{"id":152567,"depth":139,"text":152568},{"id":152576,"depth":139,"text":152577},{"id":152583,"depth":139,"text":152584},{"id":152590,"depth":139,"text":152591},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151112,"description":152658},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152665,"title":152666,"body":152667,"description":154080,"extension":2292,"meta":154081,"navigation":142,"path":154082,"seo":154083,"stem":154084,"__hash__":154085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152668,"toc":154052},[152669,152674,152679,152682,152684,152763,152769,152774,152778,152793,152795,152842,152844,152852,152860,152866,152868,152873,152893,152896,152923,152925,152949,152951,153093,153095,153099,153107,153110,153112,153189,153191,153199,153203,153207,153217,153227,153229,153234,153236,153295,153300,153302,153402,153404,153418,153423,153429,153436,153439,153441,153551,153555,153572,153574,153637,153639,153647,153659,153663,153668,153696,153699,153781,153783,153794,153796,153800,153827,153829,153831,153911,153919,153921,153976,153978,153983,153986,153990,153994,153996,154000,154004,154012,154019,154022,154024,154049],[10,152670,148011,152672,11428],{"id":152671},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152673,59104],{},[20,152675,152676,152678],{},[15,152677,149332],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152680,152681],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[288,152683,2334],{"id":2333},[62,152685,152687],{"className":64,"code":152686,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152688,152689,152729,152751],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152690,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152692,13186],{"class":77},[71,152694,82],{"class":81},[71,152696,171],{"class":89},[71,152698,3184],{"class":99},[71,152700,13203],{"class":103},[71,152702,3184],{"class":99},[71,152704,109],{"class":89},[71,152706,3683],{"class":99},[71,152708,13220],{"class":103},[71,152710,3184],{"class":99},[71,152712,109],{"class":89},[71,152714,3683],{"class":99},[71,152716,17570],{"class":103},[71,152718,3184],{"class":99},[71,152720,109],{"class":89},[71,152722,3683],{"class":99},[71,152724,13220],{"class":103},[71,152726,3184],{"class":99},[71,152728,121],{"class":89},[71,152730,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,152732,65057],{"class":77},[71,152734,82],{"class":81},[71,152736,13234],{"class":77},[71,152738,60],{"class":89},[71,152740,35971],{"class":133},[71,152742,90],{"class":89},[71,152744,3184],{"class":99},[71,152746,13220],{"class":103},[71,152748,3184],{"class":99},[71,152750,121],{"class":89},[71,152752,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,152754,128],{"class":127},[71,152756,90],{"class":89},[71,152758,65084],{"class":133},[71,152760,3993],{"class":89},[71,152762,27899],{"class":1439},[20,152764,152765,152768],{},[15,152766,152767],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[288,152770,291,152772,294],{"id":152771},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152773,149332],{},[20,152775,2309,152776,11519],{},[15,152777,59104],{},[40,152779,152780,152783,152785,152788],{},[43,152781,152782],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[43,152784,128609],{},[43,152786,152787],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[43,152789,152790,152791],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152792,2449],{},[20,152794,2537],{},[62,152796,152798],{"className":64,"code":152797,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152799,152800,152824],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152801,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152803,3950],{"class":77},[71,152805,82],{"class":81},[71,152807,171],{"class":89},[71,152809,2661],{"class":117},[71,152811,109],{"class":89},[71,152813,8129],{"class":117},[71,152815,109],{"class":89},[71,152817,8134],{"class":117},[71,152819,109],{"class":89},[71,152821,8129],{"class":117},[71,152823,121],{"class":89},[71,152825,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,152827,128],{"class":127},[71,152829,90],{"class":89},[71,152831,3980],{"class":133},[71,152833,60],{"class":89},[71,152835,35971],{"class":133},[71,152837,90],{"class":89},[71,152839,15867],{"class":117},[71,152841,204],{"class":89},[20,152843,209],{},[62,152845,152846],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,152847,152848],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152849,152850],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152851,47049],{"class":117},[20,152853,21094,152854,152856,152857,152859],{},[15,152855,15867],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152858,59104],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152861,151278,152862,60],{},[56,152863,152865],{"href":152864},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[288,152867,343],{"id":342},[20,152869,8102,152870,152872],{},[15,152871,59104],{}," in two ways:",[62,152874,152876],{"className":64,"code":152875,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152877,152878],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152879,152880,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152881,152882],{"class":77},"tuple_name",[71,152884,60],{"class":89},[71,152886,35971],{"class":133},[71,152888,90],{"class":89},[71,152890,2804],{"class":133},[71,152892,121],{"class":89},[20,152894,152895],{},"or:",[62,152897,152899],{"className":64,"code":152898,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152900,152901],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152902,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152904,152882],{"class":77},[71,152906,60],{"class":89},[71,152908,35971],{"class":133},[71,152910,90],{"class":89},[71,152912,2804],{"class":133},[71,152914,109],{"class":89},[71,152916,36177],{"class":133},[71,152918,109],{"class":89},[71,152920,65178],{"class":133},[71,152922,121],{"class":89},[350,152924,17509],{"id":17508},[40,152926,152927,152932,152937,152942],{},[43,152928,152929,152931],{},[15,152930,2804],{}," — the item to search for",[43,152933,152934,152936],{},[15,152935,36198],{}," — optional starting position",[43,152938,152939,152941],{},[15,152940,52795],{}," — optional ending position",[43,152943,152944,5120,152946,152948],{},[15,152945,52795],{},[30,152947,65207],{}," in the search",[20,152950,2537],{},[62,152952,152954],{"className":64,"code":152953,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152955,152956,153004,153008,153033,153061],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,152957,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,152959,36216],{"class":77},[71,152961,82],{"class":81},[71,152963,171],{"class":89},[71,152965,3184],{"class":99},[71,152967,56],{"class":103},[71,152969,3184],{"class":99},[71,152971,109],{"class":89},[71,152973,3683],{"class":99},[71,152975,176],{"class":103},[71,152977,3184],{"class":99},[71,152979,109],{"class":89},[71,152981,3683],{"class":99},[71,152983,694],{"class":103},[71,152985,3184],{"class":99},[71,152987,109],{"class":89},[71,152989,3683],{"class":99},[71,152991,176],{"class":103},[71,152993,3184],{"class":99},[71,152995,109],{"class":89},[71,152997,3683],{"class":99},[71,152999,18883],{"class":103},[71,153001,3184],{"class":99},[71,153003,121],{"class":89},[71,153005,153006],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153007,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,153009,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,153011,128],{"class":127},[71,153013,90],{"class":89},[71,153015,36269],{"class":133},[71,153017,60],{"class":89},[71,153019,35971],{"class":133},[71,153021,90],{"class":89},[71,153023,3184],{"class":99},[71,153025,176],{"class":103},[71,153027,3184],{"class":99},[71,153029,5697],{"class":89},[71,153031,153032],{"class":1439},"        # 1\n",[71,153034,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,153036,128],{"class":127},[71,153038,90],{"class":89},[71,153040,36269],{"class":133},[71,153042,60],{"class":89},[71,153044,35971],{"class":133},[71,153046,90],{"class":89},[71,153048,3184],{"class":99},[71,153050,176],{"class":103},[71,153052,3184],{"class":99},[71,153054,109],{"class":89},[71,153056,183],{"class":117},[71,153058,5697],{"class":89},[71,153060,51052],{"class":1439},[71,153062,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,153064,128],{"class":127},[71,153066,90],{"class":89},[71,153068,36269],{"class":133},[71,153070,60],{"class":89},[71,153072,35971],{"class":133},[71,153074,90],{"class":89},[71,153076,3184],{"class":99},[71,153078,176],{"class":103},[71,153080,3184],{"class":99},[71,153082,109],{"class":89},[71,153084,165],{"class":117},[71,153086,109],{"class":89},[71,153088,701],{"class":117},[71,153090,5697],{"class":89},[71,153092,27899],{"class":1439},[288,153094,103518],{"id":103517},[20,153096,153097,25627],{},[15,153098,149332],{},[40,153100,153101,153104],{},[43,153102,153103],{},"An integer",[43,153105,153106],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153108,153109],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153111,2537],{},[62,153113,153115],{"className":64,"code":153114,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153116,153117,153157,153179],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153118,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153120,108617],{"class":77},[71,153122,82],{"class":81},[71,153124,171],{"class":89},[71,153126,3184],{"class":99},[71,153128,37174],{"class":103},[71,153130,3184],{"class":99},[71,153132,109],{"class":89},[71,153134,3683],{"class":99},[71,153136,58263],{"class":103},[71,153138,3184],{"class":99},[71,153140,109],{"class":89},[71,153142,3683],{"class":99},[71,153144,58280],{"class":103},[71,153146,3184],{"class":99},[71,153148,109],{"class":89},[71,153150,3683],{"class":99},[71,153152,58263],{"class":103},[71,153154,3184],{"class":99},[71,153156,121],{"class":89},[71,153158,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153160,1102],{"class":77},[71,153162,82],{"class":81},[71,153164,108660],{"class":77},[71,153166,60],{"class":89},[71,153168,35971],{"class":133},[71,153170,90],{"class":89},[71,153172,3184],{"class":99},[71,153174,58263],{"class":103},[71,153176,3184],{"class":99},[71,153178,121],{"class":89},[71,153180,153181,153183,153185,153187],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,153182,128],{"class":127},[71,153184,90],{"class":89},[71,153186,2594],{"class":133},[71,153188,121],{"class":89},[20,153190,209],{},[62,153192,153193],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,153194,153195],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153196,153197],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153198,47049],{"class":117},[288,153200,153202],{"id":153201},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153204,283,153205,1569],{},[15,153206,149332],{},[40,153208,153209,153211,153214],{},[43,153210,66236],{},[43,153212,153213],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[43,153215,153216],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153218,153219,153220,153223,153224,60],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153221,153222],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[56,153225,149800],{"href":153226},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[288,153228,65768],{"id":65767},[20,153230,153231,153232,60],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153233,40833],{},[20,153235,2537],{},[62,153237,153239],{"className":64,"code":153238,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153240,153241,153273],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153242,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153244,13186],{"class":77},[71,153246,82],{"class":81},[71,153248,171],{"class":89},[71,153250,3184],{"class":99},[71,153252,13203],{"class":103},[71,153254,3184],{"class":99},[71,153256,109],{"class":89},[71,153258,3683],{"class":99},[71,153260,13220],{"class":103},[71,153262,3184],{"class":99},[71,153264,109],{"class":89},[71,153266,3683],{"class":99},[71,153268,17570],{"class":103},[71,153270,3184],{"class":99},[71,153272,121],{"class":89},[71,153274,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153276,128],{"class":127},[71,153278,90],{"class":89},[71,153280,17617],{"class":133},[71,153282,60],{"class":89},[71,153284,35971],{"class":133},[71,153286,90],{"class":89},[71,153288,3184],{"class":99},[71,153290,22641],{"class":103},[71,153292,3184],{"class":99},[71,153294,204],{"class":89},[20,153296,39782,153297,153299],{},[15,153298,109942],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153301,65843],{},[62,153303,153305],{"className":64,"code":153304,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153306,153307,153339,153343,153359,153381,153387],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153308,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153310,13186],{"class":77},[71,153312,82],{"class":81},[71,153314,171],{"class":89},[71,153316,3184],{"class":99},[71,153318,13203],{"class":103},[71,153320,3184],{"class":99},[71,153322,109],{"class":89},[71,153324,3683],{"class":99},[71,153326,13220],{"class":103},[71,153328,3184],{"class":99},[71,153330,109],{"class":89},[71,153332,3683],{"class":99},[71,153334,17570],{"class":103},[71,153336,3184],{"class":99},[71,153338,121],{"class":89},[71,153340,153341],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153342,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,153344,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,153346,7337],{"class":4209},[71,153348,3683],{"class":99},[71,153350,22641],{"class":103},[71,153352,3184],{"class":99},[71,153354,21290],{"class":81},[71,153356,13234],{"class":77},[71,153358,6731],{"class":89},[71,153360,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,153362,8408],{"class":127},[71,153364,90],{"class":89},[71,153366,17617],{"class":133},[71,153368,60],{"class":89},[71,153370,35971],{"class":133},[71,153372,90],{"class":89},[71,153374,3184],{"class":99},[71,153376,22641],{"class":103},[71,153378,3184],{"class":99},[71,153380,204],{"class":89},[71,153382,153383,153385],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,153384,27553],{"class":4209},[71,153386,6731],{"class":89},[71,153388,153389,153391,153393,153395,153398,153400],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,153390,8408],{"class":127},[71,153392,90],{"class":89},[71,153394,3184],{"class":99},[71,153396,153397],{"class":103},"Value not found",[71,153399,3184],{"class":99},[71,153401,121],{"class":89},[20,153403,209],{},[62,153405,153407],{"className":64,"code":153406,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Value not found\n",[15,153408,153409],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153410,153411,153414,153416],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153412,153413],{"class":77},"Value ",[71,153415,4967],{"class":81},[71,153417,65967],{"class":77},[20,153419,153420,153421,60],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[56,153422,65977],{"href":65976},[288,153424,8758,153425,1560,153427],{"id":65544},[15,153426,36198],{},[15,153428,52795],{},[20,153430,2309,153431,1560,153433,153435],{},[15,153432,36198],{},[15,153434,52795],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153437,153438],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153440,2537],{},[62,153442,153444],{"className":64,"code":153443,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153445,153446,153474,153478,153499,153523],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153447,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153449,4154],{"class":77},[71,153451,82],{"class":81},[71,153453,171],{"class":89},[71,153455,2466],{"class":117},[71,153457,109],{"class":89},[71,153459,6341],{"class":117},[71,153461,109],{"class":89},[71,153463,4941],{"class":117},[71,153465,109],{"class":89},[71,153467,8129],{"class":117},[71,153469,109],{"class":89},[71,153471,4941],{"class":117},[71,153473,121],{"class":89},[71,153475,153476],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153477,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,153479,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,153481,128],{"class":127},[71,153483,90],{"class":89},[71,153485,5694],{"class":133},[71,153487,60],{"class":89},[71,153489,35971],{"class":133},[71,153491,90],{"class":89},[71,153493,2466],{"class":117},[71,153495,5697],{"class":89},[71,153497,153498],{"class":1439},"        # 0\n",[71,153500,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,153502,128],{"class":127},[71,153504,90],{"class":89},[71,153506,5694],{"class":133},[71,153508,60],{"class":89},[71,153510,35971],{"class":133},[71,153512,90],{"class":89},[71,153514,2466],{"class":117},[71,153516,109],{"class":89},[71,153518,165],{"class":117},[71,153520,5697],{"class":89},[71,153522,51086],{"class":1439},[71,153524,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543,153545,153547,153549],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,153526,128],{"class":127},[71,153528,90],{"class":89},[71,153530,5694],{"class":133},[71,153532,60],{"class":89},[71,153534,35971],{"class":133},[71,153536,90],{"class":89},[71,153538,2466],{"class":117},[71,153540,109],{"class":89},[71,153542,701],{"class":117},[71,153544,109],{"class":89},[71,153546,4941],{"class":117},[71,153548,5697],{"class":89},[71,153550,51069],{"class":1439},[350,153552,153554],{"id":153553},"how-it-works","How it works",[40,153556,153557,153562,153567],{},[43,153558,153559,153561],{},[15,153560,36198],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[43,153563,153564,153566],{},[15,153565,52795],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[43,153568,2309,153569,153571],{},[15,153570,52795],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153573,2537],{},[62,153575,153577],{"className":64,"code":153576,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153578,153579,153607,153611],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153580,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153582,4154],{"class":77},[71,153584,82],{"class":81},[71,153586,171],{"class":89},[71,153588,2466],{"class":117},[71,153590,109],{"class":89},[71,153592,6341],{"class":117},[71,153594,109],{"class":89},[71,153596,4941],{"class":117},[71,153598,109],{"class":89},[71,153600,8129],{"class":117},[71,153602,109],{"class":89},[71,153604,4941],{"class":117},[71,153606,121],{"class":89},[71,153608,153609],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153610,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,153612,153613,153615,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,153614,128],{"class":127},[71,153616,90],{"class":89},[71,153618,5694],{"class":133},[71,153620,60],{"class":89},[71,153622,35971],{"class":133},[71,153624,90],{"class":89},[71,153626,2466],{"class":117},[71,153628,109],{"class":89},[71,153630,165],{"class":117},[71,153632,109],{"class":89},[71,153634,2788],{"class":117},[71,153636,204],{"class":89},[20,153638,209],{},[62,153640,153641],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,153642,153643],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153644,153645],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153646,17170],{"class":117},[20,153648,153649,153650,2518,153652,17186,153654,153656,153657,60],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153651,3320],{},[15,153653,630],{},[15,153655,640],{},", but not ",[15,153658,2836],{},[288,153660,153662],{"id":153661},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153664,153665,153666,228],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153667,149332],{},[40,153669,153670,153678,153683,153690],{},[43,153671,153672,153673,153675,153676],{},"Do not confuse the ",[30,153674,2804],{}," with the ",[30,153677,35971],{},[43,153679,153680,153681],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153682,2449],{},[43,153684,283,153685,153689],{},[56,153686,149358,153687,1709],{"href":149410},[15,153688,57426],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[43,153691,153692,153693,153695],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153694,153222],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153697,153698],{},"Example of value vs index:",[62,153700,153702],{"className":64,"code":153701,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153703,153704,153736,153740,153764],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153705,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732,153734],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153707,36365],{"class":77},[71,153709,82],{"class":81},[71,153711,171],{"class":89},[71,153713,3184],{"class":99},[71,153715,4414],{"class":103},[71,153717,3184],{"class":99},[71,153719,109],{"class":89},[71,153721,3683],{"class":99},[71,153723,4423],{"class":103},[71,153725,3184],{"class":99},[71,153727,109],{"class":89},[71,153729,3683],{"class":99},[71,153731,33343],{"class":103},[71,153733,3184],{"class":99},[71,153735,121],{"class":89},[71,153737,153738],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153739,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,153741,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,153743,128],{"class":127},[71,153745,90],{"class":89},[71,153747,36417],{"class":133},[71,153749,60],{"class":89},[71,153751,35971],{"class":133},[71,153753,90],{"class":89},[71,153755,3184],{"class":99},[71,153757,4423],{"class":103},[71,153759,3184],{"class":99},[71,153761,5697],{"class":89},[71,153763,27899],{"class":1439},[71,153765,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,153767,128],{"class":127},[71,153769,90],{"class":89},[71,153771,36417],{"class":133},[71,153773,4234],{"class":89},[71,153775,3320],{"class":117},[71,153777,20562],{"class":89},[71,153779,153780],{"class":1439},"               # banana\n",[20,153782,2507],{},[40,153784,153785,153789],{},[43,153786,153787,15359],{},[15,153788,65412],{},[43,153790,153791,153793],{},[15,153792,3320],{}," is the index",[288,153795,2054],{"id":2053},[20,153797,106256,153798,228],{},[15,153799,149332],{},[40,153801,153802,153805,153810,153815,153822],{},[43,153803,153804],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[43,153806,8794,153807,153809],{},[15,153808,59104],{}," to return all matching positions",[43,153811,153812,153813],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153814,2449],{},[43,153816,153817,153818,1560,153820],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153819,36198],{},[15,153821,52795],{},[43,153823,37331,153824,153826],{},[15,153825,149332],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[350,153828,60847],{"id":60846},[20,153830,94518],{},[62,153832,153834],{"className":64,"code":153833,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153835,153836,153846,153860,153875,153893],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153837,153838,153840,153842,153844],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153839,128],{"class":127},[71,153841,90],{"class":89},[71,153843,148145],{"class":133},[71,153845,121],{"class":89},[71,153847,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153849,128],{"class":127},[71,153851,90],{"class":89},[71,153853,2139],{"class":127},[71,153855,90],{"class":89},[71,153857,148145],{"class":133},[71,153859,204],{"class":89},[71,153861,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153873],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,153863,128],{"class":127},[71,153865,90],{"class":89},[71,153867,2778],{"class":133},[71,153869,4216],{"class":4209},[71,153871,153872],{"class":133}," my_tuple",[71,153874,121],{"class":89},[71,153876,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,153878,128],{"class":127},[71,153880,90],{"class":89},[71,153882,148145],{"class":133},[71,153884,60],{"class":89},[71,153886,41389],{"class":133},[71,153888,90],{"class":89},[71,153890,2804],{"class":133},[71,153892,204],{"class":89},[71,153894,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,153896,128],{"class":127},[71,153898,90],{"class":89},[71,153900,148145],{"class":133},[71,153902,60],{"class":89},[71,153904,35971],{"class":133},[71,153906,90],{"class":89},[71,153908,2804],{"class":133},[71,153910,204],{"class":89},[20,153912,153913,153914,84535,153916,153918],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153915,40833],{},[15,153917,2804],{}," is missing.",[20,153920,129762],{},[62,153922,153924],{"className":64,"code":153923,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153925,153926,153938,153956,153962],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,153927,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,153929,7337],{"class":4209},[71,153931,21701],{"class":77},[71,153933,4216],{"class":81},[71,153935,153872],{"class":77},[71,153937,6731],{"class":89},[71,153939,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,153941,8408],{"class":127},[71,153943,90],{"class":89},[71,153945,148145],{"class":133},[71,153947,60],{"class":89},[71,153949,35971],{"class":133},[71,153951,90],{"class":89},[71,153953,2804],{"class":133},[71,153955,204],{"class":89},[71,153957,153958,153960],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,153959,27553],{"class":4209},[71,153961,6731],{"class":89},[71,153963,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,153965,8408],{"class":127},[71,153967,90],{"class":89},[71,153969,3184],{"class":99},[71,153971,153397],{"class":103},[71,153973,3184],{"class":99},[71,153975,121],{"class":89},[288,153977,2163],{"id":2162},[350,153979,5479,153981,12825],{"id":153980},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153982,149332],{},[20,153984,153985],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[350,153987,153989],{"id":153988},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153991,153992,152859],{},[15,153993,149332],{},[350,153995,149311],{"id":149310},[20,153997,76996,153998,60],{},[15,153999,40833],{},[350,154001,154003],{"id":154002},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154005,154006,154007,1560,154009,154011],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154008,36198],{},[15,154010,52795],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[350,154013,15015,154015,57341,154017,2172],{"id":154014},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154016,149332],{},[15,154018,65003],{},[20,154020,154021],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[288,154023,2221],{"id":2220},[40,154025,154026,154032,154036,154041,154045],{},[43,154027,154028],{},[56,154029,149358,154030,1709],{"href":149410},[15,154031,57426],{},[43,154033,154034],{},[56,154035,149800],{"href":153226},[43,154037,154038],{},[56,154039,154040],{"href":151106},"Creating a tuple in Python",[43,154042,154043],{},[56,154044,65977],{"href":65976},[43,154046,154047],{},[56,154048,151054],{"href":152864},[2250,154050,154051],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":154053},[154054,154055,154057,154060,154061,154062,154063,154066,154067,154070,154079],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":152771,"depth":124,"text":154056},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343,"children":154058},[154059],{"id":17508,"depth":139,"text":17509},{"id":103517,"depth":124,"text":103518},{"id":153201,"depth":124,"text":153202},{"id":65767,"depth":124,"text":65768},{"id":65544,"depth":124,"text":66327,"children":154064},[154065],{"id":153553,"depth":139,"text":153554},{"id":153661,"depth":124,"text":153662},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054,"children":154068},[154069],{"id":60846,"depth":139,"text":60847},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":154071},[154072,154074,154075,154076,154077],{"id":153980,"depth":139,"text":154073},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153988,"depth":139,"text":153989},{"id":149310,"depth":139,"text":149311},{"id":154002,"depth":139,"text":154003},{"id":154014,"depth":139,"text":154078},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152666,"description":154080},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154087,"title":154088,"body":154089,"description":155484,"extension":2292,"meta":155485,"navigation":142,"path":153226,"seo":155486,"stem":155487,"__hash__":155488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154090,"toc":155466},[154091,154094,154097,154100,154114,154116,154119,154213,154223,154229,154233,154236,154239,154241,154259,154261,154332,154334,154351,154355,154359,154362,154379,154382,154397,154399,154490,154493,154497,154500,154517,154519,154614,154617,154620,154624,154627,154721,154723,154742,154745,154749,154752,154754,154809,154811,154846,154849,154863,154871,154964,154973,154977,154980,154987,154990,155037,155039,155047,155050,155101,155103,155120,155125,155129,155132,155135,155137,155188,155191,155246,155249,155252,155254,155257,155277,155279,155352,155355,155368,155370,155374,155379,155383,155388,155405,155409,155412,155429,155433,155436,155438,155463],[10,154092,154088],{"id":154093},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154095,154096],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154098,154099],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[40,154101,154102,154105,154108,154111],{},[43,154103,154104],{},"positive indexes",[43,154106,154107],{},"negative indexes",[43,154109,154110],{},"common indexing mistakes",[43,154112,154113],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[288,154115,3940],{"id":3939},[20,154117,154118],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[62,154120,154122],{"className":64,"code":154121,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154123,154124,154156,154160,154177,154194],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154125,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154127,13186],{"class":77},[71,154129,82],{"class":81},[71,154131,171],{"class":89},[71,154133,3184],{"class":99},[71,154135,13203],{"class":103},[71,154137,3184],{"class":99},[71,154139,109],{"class":89},[71,154141,3683],{"class":99},[71,154143,17570],{"class":103},[71,154145,3184],{"class":99},[71,154147,109],{"class":89},[71,154149,3683],{"class":99},[71,154151,13220],{"class":103},[71,154153,3184],{"class":99},[71,154155,121],{"class":89},[71,154157,154158],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154159,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,154161,154162,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154163,128],{"class":127},[71,154165,90],{"class":89},[71,154167,17617],{"class":133},[71,154169,4234],{"class":89},[71,154171,2449],{"class":117},[71,154173,20562],{"class":89},[71,154175,154176],{"class":1439},"   # red\n",[71,154178,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,154180,128],{"class":127},[71,154182,90],{"class":89},[71,154184,17617],{"class":133},[71,154186,4234],{"class":89},[71,154188,3320],{"class":117},[71,154190,20562],{"class":89},[71,154192,154193],{"class":1439},"   # green\n",[71,154195,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,154197,128],{"class":127},[71,154199,90],{"class":89},[71,154201,17617],{"class":133},[71,154203,4234],{"class":89},[71,154205,2353],{"class":81},[71,154207,3320],{"class":117},[71,154209,20562],{"class":89},[71,154211,154212],{"class":1439},"  # blue\n",[40,154214,154215,154220],{},[43,154216,132551,154217,154219],{},[15,154218,2449],{}," is the first item.",[43,154221,154222],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154224,154225,154226,60],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[56,154227,154228],{"href":148130},"how to create a tuple in Python",[288,154230,154232],{"id":154231},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154234,154235],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154237,154238],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154240,11565],{},[40,154242,154243,154246,154253,154256],{},[43,154244,154245],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[43,154247,154248,154249,19079,154251],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154250,2449],{},[15,154252,3320],{},[43,154254,154255],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[43,154257,154258],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154260,2537],{},[62,154262,154264],{"className":64,"code":154263,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154265,154266,154286,154290,154304,154318],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154269,3950],{"class":77},[71,154271,82],{"class":81},[71,154273,171],{"class":89},[71,154275,2661],{"class":117},[71,154277,109],{"class":89},[71,154279,8129],{"class":117},[71,154281,109],{"class":89},[71,154283,8134],{"class":117},[71,154285,121],{"class":89},[71,154287,154288],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154289,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,154291,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300,154302],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154293,128],{"class":127},[71,154295,90],{"class":89},[71,154297,3980],{"class":133},[71,154299,4234],{"class":89},[71,154301,2449],{"class":117},[71,154303,4222],{"class":89},[71,154305,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,154307,128],{"class":127},[71,154309,90],{"class":89},[71,154311,3980],{"class":133},[71,154313,4234],{"class":89},[71,154315,3320],{"class":117},[71,154317,4222],{"class":89},[71,154319,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,154321,128],{"class":127},[71,154323,90],{"class":89},[71,154325,3980],{"class":133},[71,154327,4234],{"class":89},[71,154329,630],{"class":117},[71,154331,4222],{"class":89},[20,154333,209],{},[62,154335,154337],{"className":64,"code":154336,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154338,154339,154343,154347],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154340,154341],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154342,2707],{"class":117},[71,154344,154345],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154346,71362],{"class":117},[71,154348,154349],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154350,69978],{"class":117},[20,154352,59529,154353,60],{},[56,154354,148127],{"href":148126},[288,154356,154358],{"id":154357},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154360,154361],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[40,154363,154364,154369,154374],{},[43,154365,154366,154368],{},[15,154367,2449],{}," = first item",[43,154370,154371,154373],{},[15,154372,3320],{}," = second item",[43,154375,154376,154378],{},[15,154377,630],{}," = third item",[20,154380,154381],{},"Pattern:",[62,154383,154385],{"className":64,"code":154384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154386,154387],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154388,154389,154391,154393,154395],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154390,152882],{"class":77},[71,154392,4234],{"class":89},[71,154394,35971],{"class":77},[71,154396,1757],{"class":89},[20,154398,2537],{},[62,154400,154402],{"className":64,"code":154401,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154403,154404,154436,154440,154457,154473],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154405,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154407,36365],{"class":77},[71,154409,82],{"class":81},[71,154411,171],{"class":89},[71,154413,3184],{"class":99},[71,154415,4414],{"class":103},[71,154417,3184],{"class":99},[71,154419,109],{"class":89},[71,154421,3683],{"class":99},[71,154423,4423],{"class":103},[71,154425,3184],{"class":99},[71,154427,109],{"class":89},[71,154429,3683],{"class":99},[71,154431,4432],{"class":103},[71,154433,3184],{"class":99},[71,154435,121],{"class":89},[71,154437,154438],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154439,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,154441,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154443,128],{"class":127},[71,154445,90],{"class":89},[71,154447,36417],{"class":133},[71,154449,4234],{"class":89},[71,154451,2449],{"class":117},[71,154453,20562],{"class":89},[71,154455,154456],{"class":1439},"  # apple\n",[71,154458,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,154460,128],{"class":127},[71,154462,90],{"class":89},[71,154464,36417],{"class":133},[71,154466,4234],{"class":89},[71,154468,3320],{"class":117},[71,154470,20562],{"class":89},[71,154472,51620],{"class":1439},[71,154474,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,154476,128],{"class":127},[71,154478,90],{"class":89},[71,154480,36417],{"class":133},[71,154482,4234],{"class":89},[71,154484,630],{"class":117},[71,154486,20562],{"class":89},[71,154488,154489],{"class":1439},"  # cherry\n",[20,154491,154492],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[288,154494,154496],{"id":154495},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154498,154499],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[40,154501,154502,154507,154512],{},[43,154503,154504,154506],{},[15,154505,65992],{}," = last item",[43,154508,154509,154511],{},[15,154510,95548],{}," = second-to-last item",[43,154513,154514,154516],{},[15,154515,47803],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154518,2537],{},[62,154520,154522],{"className":64,"code":154521,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154523,154524,154556,154560,154578,154596],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154525,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154527,36365],{"class":77},[71,154529,82],{"class":81},[71,154531,171],{"class":89},[71,154533,3184],{"class":99},[71,154535,4414],{"class":103},[71,154537,3184],{"class":99},[71,154539,109],{"class":89},[71,154541,3683],{"class":99},[71,154543,4423],{"class":103},[71,154545,3184],{"class":99},[71,154547,109],{"class":89},[71,154549,3683],{"class":99},[71,154551,4432],{"class":103},[71,154553,3184],{"class":99},[71,154555,121],{"class":89},[71,154557,154558],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154559,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,154561,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154563,128],{"class":127},[71,154565,90],{"class":89},[71,154567,36417],{"class":133},[71,154569,4234],{"class":89},[71,154571,2353],{"class":81},[71,154573,3320],{"class":117},[71,154575,20562],{"class":89},[71,154577,154489],{"class":1439},[71,154579,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,154581,128],{"class":127},[71,154583,90],{"class":89},[71,154585,36417],{"class":133},[71,154587,4234],{"class":89},[71,154589,2353],{"class":81},[71,154591,630],{"class":117},[71,154593,20562],{"class":89},[71,154595,51620],{"class":1439},[71,154597,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,154599,128],{"class":127},[71,154601,90],{"class":89},[71,154603,36417],{"class":133},[71,154605,4234],{"class":89},[71,154607,2353],{"class":81},[71,154609,640],{"class":117},[71,154611,20562],{"class":89},[71,154613,154456],{"class":1439},[20,154615,154616],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154618,154619],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[288,154621,154623],{"id":154622},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154625,154626],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[62,154628,154630],{"className":64,"code":154629,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154631,154632,154664,154668,154685,154702],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154633,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154635,5332],{"class":77},[71,154637,82],{"class":81},[71,154639,171],{"class":89},[71,154641,3184],{"class":99},[71,154643,12990],{"class":103},[71,154645,3184],{"class":99},[71,154647,109],{"class":89},[71,154649,3683],{"class":99},[71,154651,36066],{"class":103},[71,154653,3184],{"class":99},[71,154655,109],{"class":89},[71,154657,3683],{"class":99},[71,154659,36075],{"class":103},[71,154661,3184],{"class":99},[71,154663,121],{"class":89},[71,154665,154666],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154667,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,154669,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154671,128],{"class":127},[71,154673,90],{"class":89},[71,154675,5375],{"class":133},[71,154677,4234],{"class":89},[71,154679,2449],{"class":117},[71,154681,20562],{"class":89},[71,154683,154684],{"class":1439},"   # first item\n",[71,154686,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,154688,128],{"class":127},[71,154690,90],{"class":89},[71,154692,5375],{"class":133},[71,154694,4234],{"class":89},[71,154696,3320],{"class":117},[71,154698,20562],{"class":89},[71,154700,154701],{"class":1439},"   # middle item\n",[71,154703,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,154705,128],{"class":127},[71,154707,90],{"class":89},[71,154709,5375],{"class":133},[71,154711,4234],{"class":89},[71,154713,2353],{"class":81},[71,154715,3320],{"class":117},[71,154717,20562],{"class":89},[71,154719,154720],{"class":1439},"  # last item\n",[20,154722,209],{},[62,154724,154726],{"className":64,"code":154725,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154727,154728,154732,154737],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154729,154730],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154731,50173],{"class":77},[71,154733,154734],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154735,154736],{"class":77},"Ben\n",[71,154738,154739],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154740,154741],{"class":77},"Cara\n",[20,154743,154744],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[288,154746,154748],{"id":154747},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154750,154751],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154753,2537],{},[62,154755,154757],{"className":64,"code":154756,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154758,154759,154791,154795],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154760,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154762,36216],{"class":77},[71,154764,82],{"class":81},[71,154766,171],{"class":89},[71,154768,3184],{"class":99},[71,154770,56],{"class":103},[71,154772,3184],{"class":99},[71,154774,109],{"class":89},[71,154776,3683],{"class":99},[71,154778,176],{"class":103},[71,154780,3184],{"class":99},[71,154782,109],{"class":89},[71,154784,3683],{"class":99},[71,154786,694],{"class":103},[71,154788,3184],{"class":99},[71,154790,121],{"class":89},[71,154792,154793],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154794,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,154796,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154798,128],{"class":127},[71,154800,90],{"class":89},[71,154802,36269],{"class":133},[71,154804,4234],{"class":89},[71,154806,2466],{"class":117},[71,154808,4222],{"class":89},[20,154810,209],{},[62,154812,154814],{"className":64,"code":154813,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154815,154816,154828,154833],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154817,154818,154821,154823,154826],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154819,154820],{"class":133},"Traceback ",[71,154822,90],{"class":89},[71,154824,154825],{"class":133},"most recent call last",[71,154827,8682],{"class":89},[71,154829,154830],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154831,154832],{"class":34576},"  ...\n",[71,154834,154835,154837,154839,154841,154844],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154836,70869],{"class":85},[71,154838,228],{"class":89},[71,154840,149493],{"class":85},[71,154842,154843],{"class":77}," index out of ",[71,154845,71061],{"class":127},[20,154847,154848],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[40,154850,154851,154855,154859],{},[43,154852,154853],{},[15,154854,2449],{},[43,154856,154857],{},[15,154858,3320],{},[43,154860,154861],{},[15,154862,630],{},[20,154864,154865,154866,60],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[56,154867,154868,154870],{"href":149365},[15,154869,42491],{}," on a tuple",[62,154872,154874],{"className":64,"code":154873,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154875,154876,154908,154912,154928,154932,154950],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154877,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154879,36216],{"class":77},[71,154881,82],{"class":81},[71,154883,171],{"class":89},[71,154885,3184],{"class":99},[71,154887,56],{"class":103},[71,154889,3184],{"class":99},[71,154891,109],{"class":89},[71,154893,3683],{"class":99},[71,154895,176],{"class":103},[71,154897,3184],{"class":99},[71,154899,109],{"class":89},[71,154901,3683],{"class":99},[71,154903,694],{"class":103},[71,154905,3184],{"class":99},[71,154907,121],{"class":89},[71,154909,154910],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,154911,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,154913,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,154915,128],{"class":127},[71,154917,90],{"class":89},[71,154919,2139],{"class":127},[71,154921,90],{"class":89},[71,154923,36269],{"class":133},[71,154925,5697],{"class":89},[71,154927,50904],{"class":1439},[71,154929,154930],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,154931,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,154933,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,154935,7337],{"class":4209},[71,154937,38514],{"class":127},[71,154939,90],{"class":89},[71,154941,36269],{"class":133},[71,154943,3993],{"class":89},[71,154945,38524],{"class":81},[71,154947,183],{"class":117},[71,154949,6731],{"class":89},[71,154951,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,154953,8408],{"class":127},[71,154955,90],{"class":89},[71,154957,36269],{"class":133},[71,154959,4234],{"class":89},[71,154961,630],{"class":117},[71,154963,4222],{"class":89},[20,154965,154966,154967,60],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[56,154968,25798,154970],{"href":154969},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154971,154972],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[288,154974,154976],{"id":154975},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154978,154979],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[40,154981,154982,154984],{},[43,154983,77013],{},[43,154985,154986],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154988,154989],{},"Indexing example:",[62,154991,154993],{"className":64,"code":154992,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154994,154995,155019,155023],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,154996,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,154998,3950],{"class":77},[71,155000,82],{"class":81},[71,155002,171],{"class":89},[71,155004,2661],{"class":117},[71,155006,109],{"class":89},[71,155008,8129],{"class":117},[71,155010,109],{"class":89},[71,155012,8134],{"class":117},[71,155014,109],{"class":89},[71,155016,50977],{"class":117},[71,155018,121],{"class":89},[71,155020,155021],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155022,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,155024,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,155026,128],{"class":127},[71,155028,90],{"class":89},[71,155030,3980],{"class":133},[71,155032,4234],{"class":89},[71,155034,3320],{"class":117},[71,155036,4222],{"class":89},[20,155038,209],{},[62,155040,155041],{"className":64,"code":71362,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,155042,155043],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155044,155045],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155046,71362],{"class":117},[20,155048,155049],{},"Slicing example:",[62,155051,155053],{"className":64,"code":155052,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155054,155055,155079,155083],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155056,155057,155059,155061,155063,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155058,3950],{"class":77},[71,155060,82],{"class":81},[71,155062,171],{"class":89},[71,155064,2661],{"class":117},[71,155066,109],{"class":89},[71,155068,8129],{"class":117},[71,155070,109],{"class":89},[71,155072,8134],{"class":117},[71,155074,109],{"class":89},[71,155076,50977],{"class":117},[71,155078,121],{"class":89},[71,155080,155081],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155082,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,155084,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,155086,128],{"class":127},[71,155088,90],{"class":89},[71,155090,3980],{"class":133},[71,155092,4234],{"class":89},[71,155094,3320],{"class":117},[71,155096,228],{"class":89},[71,155098,640],{"class":117},[71,155100,4222],{"class":89},[20,155102,209],{},[62,155104,155106],{"className":64,"code":155105,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155107,155108],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155109,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155111,90],{"class":89},[71,155113,15867],{"class":117},[71,155115,109],{"class":89},[71,155117,8134],{"class":117},[71,155119,121],{"class":89},[20,155121,155122,155123,60],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[56,155124,151044],{"href":151043},[288,155126,155128],{"id":155127},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155130,155131],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155133,155134],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155136,7027],{},[62,155138,155140],{"className":64,"code":155139,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155141,155142,155174],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155143,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155145,13186],{"class":77},[71,155147,82],{"class":81},[71,155149,171],{"class":89},[71,155151,3184],{"class":99},[71,155153,13203],{"class":103},[71,155155,3184],{"class":99},[71,155157,109],{"class":89},[71,155159,3683],{"class":99},[71,155161,17570],{"class":103},[71,155163,3184],{"class":99},[71,155165,109],{"class":89},[71,155167,3683],{"class":99},[71,155169,13220],{"class":103},[71,155171,3184],{"class":99},[71,155173,121],{"class":89},[71,155175,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155177,128],{"class":127},[71,155179,90],{"class":89},[71,155181,17617],{"class":133},[71,155183,4234],{"class":89},[71,155185,3320],{"class":117},[71,155187,4222],{"class":89},[20,155189,155190],{},"But this does not work:",[62,155192,155194],{"className":64,"code":155193,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155195,155196,155228],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155197,155198,155200,155202,155204,155206,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155199,13186],{"class":77},[71,155201,82],{"class":81},[71,155203,171],{"class":89},[71,155205,3184],{"class":99},[71,155207,13203],{"class":103},[71,155209,3184],{"class":99},[71,155211,109],{"class":89},[71,155213,3683],{"class":99},[71,155215,17570],{"class":103},[71,155217,3184],{"class":99},[71,155219,109],{"class":89},[71,155221,3683],{"class":99},[71,155223,13220],{"class":103},[71,155225,3184],{"class":99},[71,155227,121],{"class":89},[71,155229,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155231,17617],{"class":77},[71,155233,4234],{"class":89},[71,155235,3320],{"class":117},[71,155237,13384],{"class":89},[71,155239,13387],{"class":81},[71,155241,3683],{"class":99},[71,155243,22641],{"class":103},[71,155245,3689],{"class":99},[20,155247,155248],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155250,155251],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[288,155253,2054],{"id":2053},[20,155255,155256],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[40,155258,155259,155265,155268,155271],{},[43,155260,132855,155261,2069,155263],{},[15,155262,3320],{},[15,155264,2449],{},[43,155266,155267],{},"Using an index that is too large",[43,155269,155270],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[43,155272,155273,155274],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155275,155276],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155278,62432],{},[62,155280,155282],{"className":64,"code":155281,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155283,155284,155294,155308,155322,155338],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155285,155286,155288,155290,155292],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155287,128],{"class":127},[71,155289,90],{"class":89},[71,155291,148145],{"class":133},[71,155293,121],{"class":89},[71,155295,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304,155306],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155297,128],{"class":127},[71,155299,90],{"class":89},[71,155301,2139],{"class":127},[71,155303,90],{"class":89},[71,155305,148145],{"class":133},[71,155307,204],{"class":89},[71,155309,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,155311,128],{"class":127},[71,155313,90],{"class":89},[71,155315,148145],{"class":133},[71,155317,4234],{"class":89},[71,155319,2449],{"class":117},[71,155321,4222],{"class":89},[71,155323,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,155325,128],{"class":127},[71,155327,90],{"class":89},[71,155329,148145],{"class":133},[71,155331,4234],{"class":89},[71,155333,2353],{"class":81},[71,155335,3320],{"class":117},[71,155337,4222],{"class":89},[71,155339,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,155341,128],{"class":127},[71,155343,90],{"class":89},[71,155345,735],{"class":85},[71,155347,90],{"class":89},[71,155349,148145],{"class":133},[71,155351,204],{"class":89},[20,155353,155354],{},"These can help you confirm:",[40,155356,155357,155360,155362,155365],{},[43,155358,155359],{},"what the tuple contains",[43,155361,60921],{},[43,155363,155364],{},"what the first and last items are",[43,155366,155367],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[288,155369,2163],{"id":2162},[350,155371,155373],{"id":155372},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155375,155376,155377,60],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155378,2449],{},[350,155380,155382],{"id":155381},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155384,283,155385,155387],{},[15,155386,65992],{}," as the index:",[62,155389,155391],{"className":64,"code":155390,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155392,155393],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155394,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155396,148145],{"class":77},[71,155398,4234],{"class":89},[71,155400,2353],{"class":81},[71,155402,3320],{"class":117},[71,155404,1757],{"class":89},[350,155406,155408],{"id":155407},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155410,155411],{},"Python raises:",[62,155413,155415],{"className":64,"code":155414,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155416,155417],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155418,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155420,70869],{"class":85},[71,155422,228],{"class":89},[71,155424,149493],{"class":85},[71,155426,154843],{"class":77},[71,155428,71061],{"class":127},[350,155430,155432],{"id":155431},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155434,155435],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[288,155437,2221],{"id":2220},[40,155439,155440,155445,155449,155453,155459],{},[43,155441,155442],{},[56,155443,155444],{"href":148130},"How to create a tuple in Python",[43,155446,155447],{},[56,155448,151044],{"href":151043},[43,155450,155451],{},[56,155452,151049],{"href":149365},[43,155454,155455],{},[56,155456,26241,155457],{"href":154969},[15,155458,154972],{},[43,155460,155461],{},[56,155462,148127],{"href":148126},[2250,155464,155465],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":155467},[155468,155469,155470,155471,155472,155473,155474,155475,155476,155477,155483],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":154231,"depth":124,"text":154232},{"id":154357,"depth":124,"text":154358},{"id":154495,"depth":124,"text":154496},{"id":154622,"depth":124,"text":154623},{"id":154747,"depth":124,"text":154748},{"id":154975,"depth":124,"text":154976},{"id":155127,"depth":124,"text":155128},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":155478},[155479,155480,155481,155482],{"id":155372,"depth":139,"text":155373},{"id":155381,"depth":139,"text":155382},{"id":155407,"depth":139,"text":155408},{"id":155431,"depth":139,"text":155432},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154088,"description":155484},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155490,"title":155491,"body":155492,"description":157381,"extension":2292,"meta":157382,"navigation":142,"path":157383,"seo":157384,"stem":157385,"__hash__":157386},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155493,"toc":157338},[155494,155500,155505,155556,155560,155568,155574,155576,155592,155594,155597,155612,155614,155627,155629,155686,155690,155698,155705,155711,155717,155721,155772,155776,155784,155788,155817,155821,155829,155833,155866,155870,155878,155882,155885,155936,155940,155948,155950,155967,155971,155975,156034,156038,156046,156049,156076,156080,156088,156092,156098,156173,156177,156214,156222,156226,156289,156293,156301,156306,156310,156316,156359,156363,156371,156377,156380,156427,156431,156439,156448,156454,156509,156513,156521,156524,156528,156530,156561,156565,156584,156587,156632,156636,156659,156665,156670,156672,156719,156724,156727,156775,156779,156787,156791,156796,156800,156850,156854,156869,156873,156931,156935,156950,156954,157025,157029,157038,157042,157121,157125,157147,157155,157157,157160,157185,157187,157240,157242,157259,157261,157265,157271,157276,157281,157285,157290,157294,157299,157305,157308,157310,157335],[10,155495,155497,155498,3993],{"id":155496},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155499,2139],{},[20,155501,283,155502,155504],{},[15,155503,42491],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[62,155506,155508],{"className":64,"code":155507,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155509,155510,155542],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155511,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538,155540],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155513,13186],{"class":77},[71,155515,82],{"class":81},[71,155517,171],{"class":89},[71,155519,3184],{"class":99},[71,155521,13203],{"class":103},[71,155523,3184],{"class":99},[71,155525,109],{"class":89},[71,155527,3683],{"class":99},[71,155529,17570],{"class":103},[71,155531,3184],{"class":99},[71,155533,109],{"class":89},[71,155535,3683],{"class":99},[71,155537,13220],{"class":103},[71,155539,3184],{"class":99},[71,155541,121],{"class":89},[71,155543,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552,155554],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155545,128],{"class":127},[71,155547,90],{"class":89},[71,155549,2139],{"class":127},[71,155551,90],{"class":89},[71,155553,17617],{"class":133},[71,155555,204],{"class":89},[20,155557,155558],{},[30,155559,209],{},[62,155561,155562],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,155563,155564],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155565,155566],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155567,46749],{"class":117},[20,155569,283,155570,155573],{},[15,155571,155572],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[288,155575,15275],{"id":15274},[40,155577,155578,155583,155587,155590],{},[43,155579,4534,155580,155582],{},[15,155581,42491],{}," works with tuples",[43,155584,68396,155585,11813],{},[15,155586,42491],{},[43,155588,155589],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[43,155591,4855],{},[288,155593,343],{"id":342},[20,155595,155596],{},"Use this pattern:",[62,155598,155600],{"className":64,"code":155599,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155601,155602],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155603,155604,155606,155608,155610],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155605,2139],{"class":127},[71,155607,90],{"class":89},[71,155609,148145],{"class":133},[71,155611,121],{"class":89},[20,155613,11565],{},[40,155615,155616,155619,155622],{},[43,155617,155618],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[43,155620,155621],{},"The result is an integer",[43,155623,155624,155626],{},[15,155625,42491],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155628,2537],{},[62,155630,155632],{"className":64,"code":155631,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155633,155634,155658,155672,155676],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155635,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652,155654,155656],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155637,3950],{"class":77},[71,155639,82],{"class":81},[71,155641,171],{"class":89},[71,155643,2661],{"class":117},[71,155645,109],{"class":89},[71,155647,8129],{"class":117},[71,155649,109],{"class":89},[71,155651,8134],{"class":117},[71,155653,109],{"class":89},[71,155655,50977],{"class":117},[71,155657,121],{"class":89},[71,155659,155660,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155661,41371],{"class":77},[71,155663,82],{"class":81},[71,155665,38514],{"class":127},[71,155667,90],{"class":89},[71,155669,3980],{"class":133},[71,155671,121],{"class":89},[71,155673,155674],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,155675,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,155677,155678,155680,155682,155684],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,155679,128],{"class":127},[71,155681,90],{"class":89},[71,155683,41389],{"class":133},[71,155685,121],{"class":89},[20,155687,155688],{},[30,155689,209],{},[62,155691,155692],{"className":64,"code":48783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,155693,155694],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155695,155696],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155697,48783],{"class":117},[20,155699,155700,155701,60],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[56,155702,13,155703,3841],{"href":42488},[15,155704,42491],{},[288,155706,291,155708,155710],{"id":155707},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155709,42491],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155712,155713,155714,155716],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155715,42491],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[350,155718,155720],{"id":155719},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[62,155722,155724],{"className":64,"code":155723,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155725,155726,155758],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155727,155728,155730,155732,155734,155736,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754,155756],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155729,36365],{"class":77},[71,155731,82],{"class":81},[71,155733,171],{"class":89},[71,155735,3184],{"class":99},[71,155737,4414],{"class":103},[71,155739,3184],{"class":99},[71,155741,109],{"class":89},[71,155743,3683],{"class":99},[71,155745,4423],{"class":103},[71,155747,3184],{"class":99},[71,155749,109],{"class":89},[71,155751,3683],{"class":99},[71,155753,33343],{"class":103},[71,155755,3184],{"class":99},[71,155757,121],{"class":89},[71,155759,155760,155762,155764,155766,155768,155770],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155761,128],{"class":127},[71,155763,90],{"class":89},[71,155765,2139],{"class":127},[71,155767,90],{"class":89},[71,155769,36417],{"class":133},[71,155771,204],{"class":89},[20,155773,155774],{},[30,155775,209],{},[62,155777,155778],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,155779,155780],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155781,155782],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155783,46749],{"class":117},[350,155785,155787],{"id":155786},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[62,155789,155791],{"className":64,"code":155790,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155792,155793,155802],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155794,155795,155798,155800],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155796,155797],{"class":77},"empty_tuple ",[71,155799,82],{"class":81},[71,155801,149469],{"class":89},[71,155803,155804,155806,155808,155810,155812,155815],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155805,128],{"class":127},[71,155807,90],{"class":89},[71,155809,2139],{"class":127},[71,155811,90],{"class":89},[71,155813,155814],{"class":133},"empty_tuple",[71,155816,204],{"class":89},[20,155818,155819],{},[30,155820,209],{},[62,155822,155823],{"className":64,"code":47384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,155824,155825],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155826,155827],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155828,47384],{"class":117},[350,155830,155832],{"id":155831},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[62,155834,155836],{"className":64,"code":155835,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155837,155838,155851],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155839,155840,155843,155845,155847,155849],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155841,155842],{"class":77},"single_value ",[71,155844,82],{"class":81},[71,155846,171],{"class":89},[71,155848,2466],{"class":117},[71,155850,149483],{"class":89},[71,155852,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155864],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155854,128],{"class":127},[71,155856,90],{"class":89},[71,155858,2139],{"class":127},[71,155860,90],{"class":89},[71,155862,155863],{"class":133},"single_value",[71,155865,204],{"class":89},[20,155867,155868],{},[30,155869,209],{},[62,155871,155872],{"className":64,"code":47049,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,155873,155874],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155875,155876],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155877,47049],{"class":117},[350,155879,155881],{"id":155880},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155883,155884],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[62,155886,155888],{"className":64,"code":155887,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155889,155890,155922],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155891,155892,155894,155896,155898,155900,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916,155918,155920],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155893,78],{"class":77},[71,155895,82],{"class":81},[71,155897,171],{"class":89},[71,155899,3320],{"class":117},[71,155901,109],{"class":89},[71,155903,171],{"class":89},[71,155905,630],{"class":117},[71,155907,109],{"class":89},[71,155909,701],{"class":117},[71,155911,168],{"class":89},[71,155913,1740],{"class":89},[71,155915,2836],{"class":117},[71,155917,109],{"class":89},[71,155919,4941],{"class":117},[71,155921,4222],{"class":89},[71,155923,155924,155926,155928,155930,155932,155934],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,155925,128],{"class":127},[71,155927,90],{"class":89},[71,155929,2139],{"class":127},[71,155931,90],{"class":89},[71,155933,134],{"class":133},[71,155935,204],{"class":89},[20,155937,155938],{},[30,155939,209],{},[62,155941,155942],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,155943,155944],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155945,155946],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155947,46749],{"class":117},[20,155949,20073],{},[40,155951,155952,155957,155962],{},[43,155953,155954,155956],{},[15,155955,3320],{}," is one item",[43,155958,155959,155956],{},[15,155960,155961],{},"(2, 3)",[43,155963,155964,155956],{},[15,155965,155966],{},"[4, 5]",[288,155968,155970],{"id":155969},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[350,155972,155974],{"id":155973},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[62,155976,155978],{"className":64,"code":155977,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155979,155980,156020],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,155981,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,155983,13186],{"class":77},[71,155985,82],{"class":81},[71,155987,171],{"class":89},[71,155989,3184],{"class":99},[71,155991,13203],{"class":103},[71,155993,3184],{"class":99},[71,155995,109],{"class":89},[71,155997,3683],{"class":99},[71,155999,17570],{"class":103},[71,156001,3184],{"class":99},[71,156003,109],{"class":89},[71,156005,3683],{"class":99},[71,156007,13220],{"class":103},[71,156009,3184],{"class":99},[71,156011,109],{"class":89},[71,156013,3683],{"class":99},[71,156015,22641],{"class":103},[71,156017,3184],{"class":99},[71,156019,121],{"class":89},[71,156021,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030,156032],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156023,128],{"class":127},[71,156025,90],{"class":89},[71,156027,2139],{"class":127},[71,156029,90],{"class":89},[71,156031,17617],{"class":133},[71,156033,204],{"class":89},[20,156035,156036],{},[30,156037,209],{},[62,156039,156040],{"className":64,"code":48783,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,156041,156042],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156043,156044],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156045,48783],{"class":117},[350,156047,155787],{"id":156048},"empty-tuple-1",[62,156050,156052],{"className":64,"code":156051,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156053,156054,156062],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156055,156056,156058,156060],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156057,1735],{"class":77},[71,156059,82],{"class":81},[71,156061,149469],{"class":89},[71,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156065,128],{"class":127},[71,156067,90],{"class":89},[71,156069,2139],{"class":127},[71,156071,90],{"class":89},[71,156073,1770],{"class":133},[71,156075,204],{"class":89},[20,156077,156078],{},[30,156079,209],{},[62,156081,156082],{"className":64,"code":47384,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,156083,156084],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156085,156086],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156087,47384],{"class":117},[350,156089,156091],{"id":156090},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156093,156094,156095,156097],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[30,156096,4967],{}," always a tuple.",[62,156099,156101],{"className":64,"code":156100,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156102,156103,156115,156127,156131,156145,156159],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156104,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156106,2886],{"class":77},[71,156108,82],{"class":81},[71,156110,171],{"class":89},[71,156112,2466],{"class":117},[71,156114,121],{"class":89},[71,156116,156117,156119,156121,156123,156125],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156118,2913],{"class":77},[71,156120,82],{"class":81},[71,156122,171],{"class":89},[71,156124,2466],{"class":117},[71,156126,149483],{"class":89},[71,156128,156129],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,156130,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,156132,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,156134,128],{"class":127},[71,156136,90],{"class":89},[71,156138,735],{"class":85},[71,156140,90],{"class":89},[71,156142,56],{"class":133},[71,156144,204],{"class":89},[71,156146,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,156148,128],{"class":127},[71,156150,90],{"class":89},[71,156152,735],{"class":85},[71,156154,90],{"class":89},[71,156156,176],{"class":133},[71,156158,204],{"class":89},[71,156160,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,156162,128],{"class":127},[71,156164,90],{"class":89},[71,156166,2139],{"class":127},[71,156168,90],{"class":89},[71,156170,176],{"class":133},[71,156172,204],{"class":89},[20,156174,156175],{},[30,156176,209],{},[62,156178,156180],{"className":64,"code":156179,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156181,156182,156196,156210],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156183,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156185,765],{"class":81},[71,156187,769],{"class":768},[71,156189,231],{"class":99},[71,156191,2517],{"class":103},[71,156193,100],{"class":99},[71,156195,778],{"class":81},[71,156197,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156199,765],{"class":81},[71,156201,769],{"class":768},[71,156203,231],{"class":99},[71,156205,49086],{"class":103},[71,156207,100],{"class":99},[71,156209,778],{"class":81},[71,156211,156212],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,156213,47049],{"class":117},[20,156215,156216,156217,1560,156220,60],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[56,156218,156219],{"href":148130},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[56,156221,149431],{"href":149430},[350,156223,156225],{"id":156224},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[62,156227,156229],{"className":64,"code":156228,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156230,156231,156275],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156232,156233,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156234,59609],{"class":77},[71,156236,82],{"class":81},[71,156238,171],{"class":89},[71,156240,3184],{"class":99},[71,156242,4414],{"class":103},[71,156244,3184],{"class":99},[71,156246,109],{"class":89},[71,156248,1740],{"class":89},[71,156250,3320],{"class":117},[71,156252,109],{"class":89},[71,156254,183],{"class":117},[71,156256,18177],{"class":89},[71,156258,171],{"class":89},[71,156260,3184],{"class":99},[71,156262,1986],{"class":103},[71,156264,3184],{"class":99},[71,156266,109],{"class":89},[71,156268,3683],{"class":99},[71,156270,11853],{"class":103},[71,156272,3184],{"class":99},[71,156274,204],{"class":89},[71,156276,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156278,128],{"class":127},[71,156280,90],{"class":89},[71,156282,2139],{"class":127},[71,156284,90],{"class":89},[71,156286,59662],{"class":133},[71,156288,204],{"class":89},[20,156290,156291],{},[30,156292,209],{},[62,156294,156295],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,156296,156297],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156298,156299],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156300,46749],{"class":117},[20,156302,156303,156305],{},[15,156304,42491],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[288,156307,156309],{"id":156308},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[350,156311,156313,156315],{"id":156312},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156314,42491],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[62,156317,156319],{"className":64,"code":156318,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156320,156321,156345],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156322,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156324,4405],{"class":77},[71,156326,82],{"class":81},[71,156328,171],{"class":89},[71,156330,3184],{"class":99},[71,156332,63733],{"class":103},[71,156334,3184],{"class":99},[71,156336,109],{"class":89},[71,156338,3683],{"class":99},[71,156340,66],{"class":103},[71,156342,3184],{"class":99},[71,156344,121],{"class":89},[71,156346,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156348,128],{"class":127},[71,156350,90],{"class":89},[71,156352,2139],{"class":127},[71,156354,90],{"class":89},[71,156356,4449],{"class":133},[71,156358,204],{"class":89},[20,156360,156361],{},[30,156362,209],{},[62,156364,156365],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,156366,156367],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156368,156369],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156370,17170],{"class":117},[20,156372,156373,156374,156376],{},"This result is ",[15,156375,630],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156378,156379],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[62,156381,156383],{"className":64,"code":156382,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156384,156385,156409],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156386,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405,156407],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156388,4405],{"class":77},[71,156390,82],{"class":81},[71,156392,171],{"class":89},[71,156394,3184],{"class":99},[71,156396,63733],{"class":103},[71,156398,3184],{"class":99},[71,156400,109],{"class":89},[71,156402,3683],{"class":99},[71,156404,66],{"class":103},[71,156406,3184],{"class":99},[71,156408,121],{"class":89},[71,156410,156411,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156412,128],{"class":127},[71,156414,90],{"class":89},[71,156416,2139],{"class":127},[71,156418,90],{"class":89},[71,156420,4449],{"class":133},[71,156422,4234],{"class":89},[71,156424,2449],{"class":117},[71,156426,3331],{"class":89},[20,156428,156429],{},[30,156430,209],{},[62,156432,156433],{"className":64,"code":17170,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,156434,156435],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156436,156437],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156438,17170],{"class":117},[20,156440,20887,156441,156444,156445,60],{},[15,156442,156443],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156446,156447],{},"\"hi\"",[350,156449,156451,156453],{"id":156450},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156452,42491],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[62,156455,156457],{"className":64,"code":156456,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156458,156459,156495],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156460,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473,156475,156477,156479,156481,156483,156485,156487,156489,156491,156493],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156462,4154],{"class":77},[71,156464,82],{"class":81},[71,156466,957],{"class":89},[71,156468,3320],{"class":117},[71,156470,109],{"class":89},[71,156472,183],{"class":117},[71,156474,168],{"class":89},[71,156476,171],{"class":89},[71,156478,640],{"class":117},[71,156480,109],{"class":89},[71,156482,2788],{"class":117},[71,156484,168],{"class":89},[71,156486,171],{"class":89},[71,156488,2466],{"class":117},[71,156490,109],{"class":89},[71,156492,37771],{"class":117},[71,156494,204],{"class":89},[71,156496,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156498,128],{"class":127},[71,156500,90],{"class":89},[71,156502,2139],{"class":127},[71,156504,90],{"class":89},[71,156506,5694],{"class":133},[71,156508,204],{"class":89},[20,156510,156511],{},[30,156512,209],{},[62,156514,156515],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,156516,156517],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156518,156519],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156520,46749],{"class":117},[20,156522,156523],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[350,156525,156527],{"id":156526},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156529,25809],{},[62,156531,156533],{"className":64,"code":156532,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156534,156535,156547],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156536,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156538,2778],{"class":77},[71,156540,82],{"class":81},[71,156542,171],{"class":89},[71,156544,2661],{"class":117},[71,156546,121],{"class":89},[71,156548,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156550,128],{"class":127},[71,156552,90],{"class":89},[71,156554,735],{"class":85},[71,156556,90],{"class":89},[71,156558,2804],{"class":133},[71,156560,204],{"class":89},[20,156562,156563],{},[30,156564,209],{},[62,156566,156568],{"className":64,"code":156567,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156569,156570],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156571,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156573,765],{"class":81},[71,156575,769],{"class":768},[71,156577,231],{"class":99},[71,156579,2517],{"class":103},[71,156581,100],{"class":99},[71,156583,778],{"class":81},[20,156585,156586],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[62,156588,156590],{"className":64,"code":156589,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156591,156592,156604,156618],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156593,156594,156596,156598,156600,156602],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156595,2778],{"class":77},[71,156597,82],{"class":81},[71,156599,171],{"class":89},[71,156601,2661],{"class":117},[71,156603,149483],{"class":89},[71,156605,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156607,128],{"class":127},[71,156609,90],{"class":89},[71,156611,735],{"class":85},[71,156613,90],{"class":89},[71,156615,2804],{"class":133},[71,156617,204],{"class":89},[71,156619,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,156621,128],{"class":127},[71,156623,90],{"class":89},[71,156625,2139],{"class":127},[71,156627,90],{"class":89},[71,156629,2804],{"class":133},[71,156631,204],{"class":89},[20,156633,156634],{},[30,156635,209],{},[62,156637,156639],{"className":64,"code":156638,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156640,156641,156655],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156642,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156653],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156644,765],{"class":81},[71,156646,769],{"class":768},[71,156648,231],{"class":99},[71,156650,49086],{"class":103},[71,156652,100],{"class":99},[71,156654,778],{"class":81},[71,156656,156657],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156658,47049],{"class":117},[350,156660,156662,156664],{"id":156661},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156663,2139],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156666,44560,156667,156669],{},[15,156668,2139],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156671,44591],{},[62,156673,156675],{"className":64,"code":156674,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156676,156677,156685,156705],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156678,156679,156681,156683],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156680,2139],{"class":127},[71,156682,13387],{"class":81},[71,156684,2918],{"class":117},[71,156686,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156688,3950],{"class":77},[71,156690,82],{"class":81},[71,156692,171],{"class":89},[71,156694,3320],{"class":117},[71,156696,109],{"class":89},[71,156698,183],{"class":117},[71,156700,109],{"class":89},[71,156702,701],{"class":117},[71,156704,121],{"class":89},[71,156706,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,156708,128],{"class":127},[71,156710,90],{"class":89},[71,156712,2139],{"class":127},[71,156714,90],{"class":89},[71,156716,3980],{"class":133},[71,156718,204],{"class":89},[20,156720,39782,156721,156723],{},[15,156722,2139],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156725,156726],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[62,156728,156730],{"className":64,"code":156729,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156731,156732,156741,156761],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156733,156734,156737,156739],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156735,156736],{"class":77},"length_value ",[71,156738,82],{"class":81},[71,156740,2918],{"class":117},[71,156742,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156744,3950],{"class":77},[71,156746,82],{"class":81},[71,156748,171],{"class":89},[71,156750,3320],{"class":117},[71,156752,109],{"class":89},[71,156754,183],{"class":117},[71,156756,109],{"class":89},[71,156758,701],{"class":117},[71,156760,121],{"class":89},[71,156762,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,156764,128],{"class":127},[71,156766,90],{"class":89},[71,156768,2139],{"class":127},[71,156770,90],{"class":89},[71,156772,3980],{"class":133},[71,156774,204],{"class":89},[20,156776,156777],{},[30,156778,209],{},[62,156780,156781],{"className":64,"code":46749,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,156782,156783],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156784,156785],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156786,46749],{"class":117},[288,156788,156790],{"id":156789},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156792,156793,156795],{},[15,156794,42491],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[350,156797,156799],{"id":156798},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[62,156801,156803],{"className":64,"code":156802,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156804,156805,156813,156817,156835],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156806,156807,156809,156811],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156808,1735],{"class":77},[71,156810,82],{"class":81},[71,156812,149469],{"class":89},[71,156814,156815],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156816,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,156818,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,156820,7337],{"class":4209},[71,156822,38514],{"class":127},[71,156824,90],{"class":89},[71,156826,1770],{"class":133},[71,156828,3993],{"class":89},[71,156830,6746],{"class":81},[71,156832,4165],{"class":117},[71,156834,6731],{"class":89},[71,156836,156837,156839,156841,156843,156846,156848],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,156838,8408],{"class":127},[71,156840,90],{"class":89},[71,156842,3184],{"class":99},[71,156844,156845],{"class":103},"The tuple is empty",[71,156847,3184],{"class":99},[71,156849,121],{"class":89},[20,156851,156852],{},[30,156853,209],{},[62,156855,156857],{"className":64,"code":156856,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156858,156859],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156860,156861,156863,156865,156867],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156862,2309],{"class":77},[71,156864,49086],{"class":85},[71,156866,8436],{"class":81},[71,156868,8442],{"class":77},[350,156870,156872],{"id":156871},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[62,156874,156876],{"className":64,"code":156875,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156877,156878,156894,156898,156916],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156879,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890,156892],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156881,51519],{"class":77},[71,156883,82],{"class":81},[71,156885,171],{"class":89},[71,156887,2836],{"class":117},[71,156889,109],{"class":89},[71,156891,6330],{"class":117},[71,156893,121],{"class":89},[71,156895,156896],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156897,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,156899,156900,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,156901,7337],{"class":4209},[71,156903,38514],{"class":127},[71,156905,90],{"class":89},[71,156907,51544],{"class":133},[71,156909,3993],{"class":89},[71,156911,6746],{"class":81},[71,156913,183],{"class":117},[71,156915,6731],{"class":89},[71,156917,156918,156920,156922,156924,156927,156929],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,156919,8408],{"class":127},[71,156921,90],{"class":89},[71,156923,3184],{"class":99},[71,156925,156926],{"class":103},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[71,156928,3184],{"class":99},[71,156930,121],{"class":89},[20,156932,156933],{},[30,156934,209],{},[62,156936,156938],{"className":64,"code":156937,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156939,156940],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156941,156942,156945,156947],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156943,156944],{"class":77},"This looks like an x",[71,156946,109],{"class":89},[71,156948,156949],{"class":77}," y coordinate\n",[350,156951,156953],{"id":156952},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[62,156955,156957],{"className":64,"code":156956,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156958,156959,156988,156992,157010],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,156960,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969,156971,156973,156975,156977,156979,156981,156984,156986],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,156962,11595],{"class":77},[71,156964,82],{"class":81},[71,156966,171],{"class":89},[71,156968,3184],{"class":99},[71,156970,12990],{"class":103},[71,156972,3184],{"class":99},[71,156974,109],{"class":89},[71,156976,249],{"class":117},[71,156978,109],{"class":89},[71,156980,3683],{"class":99},[71,156982,156983],{"class":103},"Canada",[71,156985,3184],{"class":99},[71,156987,121],{"class":89},[71,156989,156990],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,156991,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,156993,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,156995,7337],{"class":4209},[71,156997,38514],{"class":127},[71,156999,90],{"class":89},[71,157001,11689],{"class":133},[71,157003,3993],{"class":89},[71,157005,6746],{"class":81},[71,157007,701],{"class":117},[71,157009,6731],{"class":89},[71,157011,157012,157014,157016,157018,157021,157023],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,157013,8408],{"class":127},[71,157015,90],{"class":89},[71,157017,3184],{"class":99},[71,157019,157020],{"class":103},"User record has the expected number of values",[71,157022,3184],{"class":99},[71,157024,121],{"class":89},[20,157026,157027],{},[30,157028,209],{},[62,157030,157032],{"className":64,"code":157031,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157033,157034],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157035,157036],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157037,157031],{"class":77},[350,157039,157041],{"id":157040},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[62,157043,157045],{"className":64,"code":157044,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157046,157047,157079,157083,157103],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157048,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157050,36216],{"class":77},[71,157052,82],{"class":81},[71,157054,171],{"class":89},[71,157056,3184],{"class":99},[71,157058,56],{"class":103},[71,157060,3184],{"class":99},[71,157062,109],{"class":89},[71,157064,3683],{"class":99},[71,157066,176],{"class":103},[71,157068,3184],{"class":99},[71,157070,109],{"class":89},[71,157072,3683],{"class":99},[71,157074,694],{"class":103},[71,157076,3184],{"class":99},[71,157078,121],{"class":89},[71,157080,157081],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,157082,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,157084,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,157086,6294],{"class":4209},[71,157088,69686],{"class":77},[71,157090,4216],{"class":4209},[71,157092,54205],{"class":127},[71,157094,90],{"class":89},[71,157096,2139],{"class":127},[71,157098,90],{"class":89},[71,157100,36269],{"class":133},[71,157102,69701],{"class":89},[71,157104,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,157106,8408],{"class":127},[71,157108,90],{"class":89},[71,157110,36280],{"class":133},[71,157112,109],{"class":89},[71,157114,70234],{"class":133},[71,157116,4234],{"class":89},[71,157118,36280],{"class":133},[71,157120,4222],{"class":89},[20,157122,157123],{},[30,157124,209],{},[62,157126,157127],{"className":64,"code":36292,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,157128,157129,157135,157141],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157130,157131,157133],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157132,2449],{"class":117},[71,157134,36301],{"class":77},[71,157136,157137,157139],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,157138,3320],{"class":117},[71,157140,36308],{"class":77},[71,157142,157143,157145],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,157144,630],{"class":117},[71,157146,36315],{"class":77},[20,157148,157149,157150,157152,157153,60],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[56,157151,149800],{"href":149799},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[56,157154,151044],{"href":151043},[288,157156,2054],{"id":2053},[20,157158,157159],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[40,157161,157162,157170,157177,157182],{},[43,157163,157164,157165,2069,157168],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157166,157167],{},"(5)",[15,157169,149634],{},[43,157171,8758,157172,157174,157175],{},[15,157173,2139],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157176,42491],{},[43,157178,8794,157179,157181],{},[15,157180,42491],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[43,157183,157184],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157186,32204],{},[62,157188,157190],{"className":64,"code":157189,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157191,157192,157202,157216,157230],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157193,157194,157196,157198,157200],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157195,128],{"class":127},[71,157197,90],{"class":89},[71,157199,148145],{"class":133},[71,157201,121],{"class":89},[71,157203,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,157205,128],{"class":127},[71,157207,90],{"class":89},[71,157209,735],{"class":85},[71,157211,90],{"class":89},[71,157213,148145],{"class":133},[71,157215,204],{"class":89},[71,157217,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,157219,128],{"class":127},[71,157221,90],{"class":89},[71,157223,2139],{"class":127},[71,157225,90],{"class":89},[71,157227,148145],{"class":133},[71,157229,204],{"class":89},[71,157231,157232,157234,157236,157238],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,157233,32274],{"class":127},[71,157235,90],{"class":89},[71,157237,2139],{"class":127},[71,157239,121],{"class":89},[20,157241,155354],{},[40,157243,157244,157247,157250,157254],{},[43,157245,157246],{},"what value you are using",[43,157248,157249],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[43,157251,26138,157252,11813],{},[15,157253,42491],{},[43,157255,123518,157256,157258],{},[15,157257,42491],{}," is documented in Python",[288,157260,2163],{"id":2162},[350,157262,157264],{"id":157263},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157266,283,157267,157270],{},[15,157268,157269],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[350,157272,12813,157274,149304],{"id":157273},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157275,42491],{},[20,157277,46497,157278,157280],{},[15,157279,42491],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[350,157282,157284],{"id":157283},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157286,157287,157288,60],{},"The length is ",[15,157289,2449],{},[350,157291,157293],{"id":157292},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157295,150990,157296,157298],{},[15,157297,150993],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[350,157300,12813,157302,157304],{"id":157301},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157303,42491],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157306,157307],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[288,157309,2221],{"id":2220},[40,157311,157312,157318,157322,157326,157330],{},[43,157313,157314],{},[56,157315,13,157316,3841],{"href":42488},[15,157317,42491],{},[43,157319,157320],{},[56,157321,156219],{"href":148130},[43,157323,157324],{},[56,157325,149800],{"href":149799},[43,157327,157328],{},[56,157329,151044],{"href":151043},[43,157331,157332],{},[56,157333,157334],{"href":149430},"What is a tuple in Python",[2250,157336,157337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":157339},[157340,157341,157342,157349,157355,157364,157370,157371,157380],{"id":15274,"depth":124,"text":15275},{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":155707,"depth":124,"text":157343,"children":157344},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157345,157346,157347,157348],{"id":155719,"depth":139,"text":155720},{"id":155786,"depth":139,"text":155787},{"id":155831,"depth":139,"text":155832},{"id":155880,"depth":139,"text":155881},{"id":155969,"depth":124,"text":155970,"children":157350},[157351,157352,157353,157354],{"id":155973,"depth":139,"text":155974},{"id":156048,"depth":139,"text":155787},{"id":156090,"depth":139,"text":156091},{"id":156224,"depth":139,"text":156225},{"id":156308,"depth":124,"text":156309,"children":157356},[157357,157359,157361,157362],{"id":156312,"depth":139,"text":157358},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156450,"depth":139,"text":157360},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156526,"depth":139,"text":156527},{"id":156661,"depth":139,"text":157363},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156789,"depth":124,"text":156790,"children":157365},[157366,157367,157368,157369],{"id":156798,"depth":139,"text":156799},{"id":156871,"depth":139,"text":156872},{"id":156952,"depth":139,"text":156953},{"id":157040,"depth":139,"text":157041},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":157372},[157373,157374,157376,157377,157378],{"id":157263,"depth":139,"text":157264},{"id":157273,"depth":139,"text":157375},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157283,"depth":139,"text":157284},{"id":157292,"depth":139,"text":157293},{"id":157301,"depth":139,"text":157379},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155491,"description":157381},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157388,"title":157389,"body":157390,"description":159775,"extension":2292,"meta":159776,"navigation":142,"path":159777,"seo":159778,"stem":159779,"__hash__":159780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157391,"toc":159736},[157392,157395,157398,157401,157424,157430,157432,157543,157547,157550,157560,157562,157661,157663,157740,157746,157750,157753,157776,157779,157796,157799,157801,157864,157866,157883,157894,157899,157901,157904,157910,157961,157963,157983,157987,158038,158040,158061,158065,158120,158122,158143,158147,158202,158204,158225,158229,158282,158284,158313,158315,158317,158320,158324,158381,158383,158404,158408,158461,158463,158488,158493,158497,158502,158520,158523,158586,158588,158609,158612,158673,158675,158696,158699,158742,158745,158749,158754,158758,158837,158839,158870,158874,158949,158951,158978,158982,159029,159031,159039,159044,159048,159051,159066,159068,159156,159158,159183,159186,159229,159238,159240,159243,159258,159261,159265,159319,159321,159341,159346,159350,159352,159390,159393,159443,159447,159520,159522,159559,159562,159564,159567,159587,159590,159659,159661,159674,159676,159680,159683,159687,159690,159695,159698,159704,159709,159711,159733],[10,157393,157389],{"id":157394},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157396,157397],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157399,157400],{},"Use this format:",[62,157402,157404],{"className":64,"code":157403,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157405,157406],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157407,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157409,49086],{"class":77},[71,157411,4234],{"class":89},[71,157413,36198],{"class":77},[71,157415,228],{"class":89},[71,157417,75564],{"class":77},[71,157419,228],{"class":89},[71,157421,75567],{"class":77},[71,157423,1757],{"class":89},[20,157425,2309,157426,75600,157428,60],{},[15,157427,75564],{},[30,157429,65207],{},[288,157431,2334],{"id":2333},[62,157433,157435],{"className":64,"code":157434,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157436,157437,157465,157469,157490,157507,157524],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157438,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157440,3950],{"class":77},[71,157442,82],{"class":81},[71,157444,171],{"class":89},[71,157446,2661],{"class":117},[71,157448,109],{"class":89},[71,157450,8129],{"class":117},[71,157452,109],{"class":89},[71,157454,8134],{"class":117},[71,157456,109],{"class":89},[71,157458,50977],{"class":117},[71,157460,109],{"class":89},[71,157462,5417],{"class":117},[71,157464,121],{"class":89},[71,157466,157467],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,157468,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,157470,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,157472,128],{"class":127},[71,157474,90],{"class":89},[71,157476,3980],{"class":133},[71,157478,4234],{"class":89},[71,157480,3320],{"class":117},[71,157482,228],{"class":89},[71,157484,2836],{"class":117},[71,157486,20562],{"class":89},[71,157488,157489],{"class":1439},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[71,157491,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,157493,128],{"class":127},[71,157495,90],{"class":89},[71,157497,3980],{"class":133},[71,157499,75673],{"class":89},[71,157501,640],{"class":117},[71,157503,20562],{"class":89},[71,157505,157506],{"class":1439},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[71,157508,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,157510,128],{"class":127},[71,157512,90],{"class":89},[71,157514,3980],{"class":133},[71,157516,74260],{"class":89},[71,157518,630],{"class":117},[71,157520,20562],{"class":89},[71,157522,157523],{"class":1439},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[71,157525,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,157527,128],{"class":127},[71,157529,90],{"class":89},[71,157531,3980],{"class":133},[71,157533,74260],{"class":89},[71,157535,2353],{"class":81},[71,157537,3320],{"class":117},[71,157539,20562],{"class":89},[71,157541,157542],{"class":1439},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[288,157544,157546],{"id":157545},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157548,157549],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[40,157551,157552,157554,157557],{},[43,157553,75867],{},[43,157555,157556],{},"The result is a new tuple",[43,157558,157559],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157561,2537],{},[62,157563,157565],{"className":64,"code":157564,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157566,157567,157615,157619,157637,157641,157651],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157568,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157570,36216],{"class":77},[71,157572,82],{"class":81},[71,157574,171],{"class":89},[71,157576,3184],{"class":99},[71,157578,56],{"class":103},[71,157580,3184],{"class":99},[71,157582,109],{"class":89},[71,157584,3683],{"class":99},[71,157586,176],{"class":103},[71,157588,3184],{"class":99},[71,157590,109],{"class":89},[71,157592,3683],{"class":99},[71,157594,694],{"class":103},[71,157596,3184],{"class":99},[71,157598,109],{"class":89},[71,157600,3683],{"class":99},[71,157602,18883],{"class":103},[71,157604,3184],{"class":99},[71,157606,109],{"class":89},[71,157608,3683],{"class":99},[71,157610,60584],{"class":103},[71,157612,3184],{"class":99},[71,157614,121],{"class":89},[71,157616,157617],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,157618,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,157620,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,157622,75797],{"class":77},[71,157624,82],{"class":81},[71,157626,70234],{"class":77},[71,157628,4234],{"class":89},[71,157630,3320],{"class":117},[71,157632,228],{"class":89},[71,157634,2836],{"class":117},[71,157636,1757],{"class":89},[71,157638,157639],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,157640,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,157642,157643,157645,157647,157649],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,157644,128],{"class":127},[71,157646,90],{"class":89},[71,157648,75820],{"class":133},[71,157650,121],{"class":89},[71,157652,157653,157655,157657,157659],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,157654,128],{"class":127},[71,157656,90],{"class":89},[71,157658,36269],{"class":133},[71,157660,121],{"class":89},[20,157662,209],{},[62,157664,157666],{"className":64,"code":157665,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157667,157668,157696],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157669,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157671,90],{"class":89},[71,157673,100],{"class":99},[71,157675,176],{"class":103},[71,157677,100],{"class":99},[71,157679,109],{"class":89},[71,157681,231],{"class":99},[71,157683,694],{"class":103},[71,157685,100],{"class":99},[71,157687,109],{"class":89},[71,157689,231],{"class":99},[71,157691,18883],{"class":103},[71,157693,100],{"class":99},[71,157695,121],{"class":89},[71,157697,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,157699,90],{"class":89},[71,157701,100],{"class":99},[71,157703,56],{"class":103},[71,157705,100],{"class":99},[71,157707,109],{"class":89},[71,157709,231],{"class":99},[71,157711,176],{"class":103},[71,157713,100],{"class":99},[71,157715,109],{"class":89},[71,157717,231],{"class":99},[71,157719,694],{"class":103},[71,157721,100],{"class":99},[71,157723,109],{"class":89},[71,157725,231],{"class":99},[71,157727,18883],{"class":103},[71,157729,100],{"class":99},[71,157731,109],{"class":89},[71,157733,231],{"class":99},[71,157735,60584],{"class":103},[71,157737,100],{"class":99},[71,157739,121],{"class":89},[20,157741,157742,157743,60],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[56,157744,148127],{"href":157745},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[288,157747,157749],{"id":157748},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157751,157752],{},"The full syntax is:",[62,157754,157756],{"className":64,"code":157755,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157757,157758],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157759,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157761,148145],{"class":77},[71,157763,4234],{"class":89},[71,157765,36198],{"class":77},[71,157767,228],{"class":89},[71,157769,75564],{"class":77},[71,157771,228],{"class":89},[71,157773,75567],{"class":77},[71,157775,1757],{"class":89},[20,157777,157778],{},"Each part has a job:",[40,157780,157781,157786,157791],{},[43,157782,157783,157785],{},[15,157784,36198],{},": where slicing begins",[43,157787,157788,157790],{},[15,157789,75564],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[43,157792,157793,157795],{},[15,157794,75567],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157797,157798],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157800,2537],{},[62,157802,157804],{"className":64,"code":157803,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157805,157806,157838,157842],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157807,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157809,3950],{"class":77},[71,157811,82],{"class":81},[71,157813,171],{"class":89},[71,157815,2661],{"class":117},[71,157817,109],{"class":89},[71,157819,8129],{"class":117},[71,157821,109],{"class":89},[71,157823,8134],{"class":117},[71,157825,109],{"class":89},[71,157827,50977],{"class":117},[71,157829,109],{"class":89},[71,157831,5417],{"class":117},[71,157833,109],{"class":89},[71,157835,76238],{"class":117},[71,157837,121],{"class":89},[71,157839,157840],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,157841,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,157843,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,157845,128],{"class":127},[71,157847,90],{"class":89},[71,157849,3980],{"class":133},[71,157851,4234],{"class":89},[71,157853,3320],{"class":117},[71,157855,228],{"class":89},[71,157857,2466],{"class":117},[71,157859,228],{"class":89},[71,157861,630],{"class":117},[71,157863,4222],{"class":89},[20,157865,209],{},[62,157867,157869],{"className":64,"code":157868,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157870,157871],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157872,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157874,90],{"class":89},[71,157876,15867],{"class":117},[71,157878,109],{"class":89},[71,157880,50977],{"class":117},[71,157882,121],{"class":89},[20,157884,157885,157886,157888,157889,157891,157892,60],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157887,3320],{},", stops before index ",[15,157890,2466],{},", and moves by ",[15,157893,630],{},[20,157895,157896,157897,60],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[56,157898,149800],{"href":153226},[288,157900,76154],{"id":76153},[20,157902,157903],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[350,157905,157907,157908,6302],{"id":157906},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157909,76168],{},[62,157911,157913],{"className":64,"code":157912,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157914,157915,157943,157947],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157916,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157918,3950],{"class":77},[71,157920,82],{"class":81},[71,157922,171],{"class":89},[71,157924,2661],{"class":117},[71,157926,109],{"class":89},[71,157928,8129],{"class":117},[71,157930,109],{"class":89},[71,157932,8134],{"class":117},[71,157934,109],{"class":89},[71,157936,50977],{"class":117},[71,157938,109],{"class":89},[71,157940,5417],{"class":117},[71,157942,121],{"class":89},[71,157944,157945],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,157946,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,157948,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,157950,128],{"class":127},[71,157952,90],{"class":89},[71,157954,3980],{"class":133},[71,157956,75673],{"class":89},[71,157958,640],{"class":117},[71,157960,4222],{"class":89},[20,157962,209],{},[62,157964,157965],{"className":64,"code":151492,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,157966,157967],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157968,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157970,90],{"class":89},[71,157972,2661],{"class":117},[71,157974,109],{"class":89},[71,157976,8129],{"class":117},[71,157978,109],{"class":89},[71,157980,8134],{"class":117},[71,157982,121],{"class":89},[350,157984,157986],{"id":157985},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[62,157988,157990],{"className":64,"code":157989,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157991,157992,158020,158024],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,157993,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,157995,3950],{"class":77},[71,157997,82],{"class":81},[71,157999,171],{"class":89},[71,158001,2661],{"class":117},[71,158003,109],{"class":89},[71,158005,8129],{"class":117},[71,158007,109],{"class":89},[71,158009,8134],{"class":117},[71,158011,109],{"class":89},[71,158013,50977],{"class":117},[71,158015,109],{"class":89},[71,158017,5417],{"class":117},[71,158019,121],{"class":89},[71,158021,158022],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158023,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158025,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158027,128],{"class":127},[71,158029,90],{"class":89},[71,158031,3980],{"class":133},[71,158033,4234],{"class":89},[71,158035,630],{"class":117},[71,158037,77854],{"class":89},[20,158039,209],{},[62,158041,158043],{"className":64,"code":158042,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158044,158045],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158046,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158048,90],{"class":89},[71,158050,36968],{"class":117},[71,158052,109],{"class":89},[71,158054,50977],{"class":117},[71,158056,109],{"class":89},[71,158058,5417],{"class":117},[71,158060,121],{"class":89},[350,158062,158064],{"id":158063},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[62,158066,158068],{"className":64,"code":158067,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158069,158070,158098,158102],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158071,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158073,3950],{"class":77},[71,158075,82],{"class":81},[71,158077,171],{"class":89},[71,158079,2661],{"class":117},[71,158081,109],{"class":89},[71,158083,8129],{"class":117},[71,158085,109],{"class":89},[71,158087,8134],{"class":117},[71,158089,109],{"class":89},[71,158091,50977],{"class":117},[71,158093,109],{"class":89},[71,158095,5417],{"class":117},[71,158097,121],{"class":89},[71,158099,158100],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158101,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158103,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158105,128],{"class":127},[71,158107,90],{"class":89},[71,158109,3980],{"class":133},[71,158111,4234],{"class":89},[71,158113,3320],{"class":117},[71,158115,228],{"class":89},[71,158117,2836],{"class":117},[71,158119,4222],{"class":89},[20,158121,209],{},[62,158123,158125],{"className":64,"code":158124,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158126,158127],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158128,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158130,90],{"class":89},[71,158132,15867],{"class":117},[71,158134,109],{"class":89},[71,158136,8134],{"class":117},[71,158138,109],{"class":89},[71,158140,50977],{"class":117},[71,158142,121],{"class":89},[350,158144,158146],{"id":158145},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[62,158148,158150],{"className":64,"code":158149,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158151,158152,158184,158188],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158153,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158155,3950],{"class":77},[71,158157,82],{"class":81},[71,158159,171],{"class":89},[71,158161,2661],{"class":117},[71,158163,109],{"class":89},[71,158165,8129],{"class":117},[71,158167,109],{"class":89},[71,158169,8134],{"class":117},[71,158171,109],{"class":89},[71,158173,50977],{"class":117},[71,158175,109],{"class":89},[71,158177,5417],{"class":117},[71,158179,109],{"class":89},[71,158181,76238],{"class":117},[71,158183,121],{"class":89},[71,158185,158186],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158187,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158189,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158191,128],{"class":127},[71,158193,90],{"class":89},[71,158195,3980],{"class":133},[71,158197,74260],{"class":89},[71,158199,630],{"class":117},[71,158201,4222],{"class":89},[20,158203,209],{},[62,158205,158207],{"className":64,"code":158206,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158208,158209],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158212,90],{"class":89},[71,158214,2661],{"class":117},[71,158216,109],{"class":89},[71,158218,8134],{"class":117},[71,158220,109],{"class":89},[71,158222,5417],{"class":117},[71,158224,121],{"class":89},[350,158226,158228],{"id":158227},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[62,158230,158232],{"className":64,"code":158231,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158233,158234,158262,158266],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158235,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158237,3950],{"class":77},[71,158239,82],{"class":81},[71,158241,171],{"class":89},[71,158243,2661],{"class":117},[71,158245,109],{"class":89},[71,158247,8129],{"class":117},[71,158249,109],{"class":89},[71,158251,8134],{"class":117},[71,158253,109],{"class":89},[71,158255,50977],{"class":117},[71,158257,109],{"class":89},[71,158259,5417],{"class":117},[71,158261,121],{"class":89},[71,158263,158264],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158265,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158267,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158269,128],{"class":127},[71,158271,90],{"class":89},[71,158273,3980],{"class":133},[71,158275,74260],{"class":89},[71,158277,2353],{"class":81},[71,158279,3320],{"class":117},[71,158281,4222],{"class":89},[20,158283,209],{},[62,158285,158287],{"className":64,"code":158286,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158288,158289],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158290,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158292,90],{"class":89},[71,158294,76932],{"class":117},[71,158296,109],{"class":89},[71,158298,50977],{"class":117},[71,158300,109],{"class":89},[71,158302,8134],{"class":117},[71,158304,109],{"class":89},[71,158306,8129],{"class":117},[71,158308,109],{"class":89},[71,158310,6341],{"class":117},[71,158312,121],{"class":89},[288,158314,76448],{"id":76447},[20,158316,154499],{},[20,158318,158319],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[350,158321,158323],{"id":158322},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[62,158325,158327],{"className":64,"code":158326,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158328,158329,158361,158365],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158330,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158332,3950],{"class":77},[71,158334,82],{"class":81},[71,158336,171],{"class":89},[71,158338,2661],{"class":117},[71,158340,109],{"class":89},[71,158342,8129],{"class":117},[71,158344,109],{"class":89},[71,158346,8134],{"class":117},[71,158348,109],{"class":89},[71,158350,50977],{"class":117},[71,158352,109],{"class":89},[71,158354,5417],{"class":117},[71,158356,109],{"class":89},[71,158358,76238],{"class":117},[71,158360,121],{"class":89},[71,158362,158363],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158364,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158366,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158368,128],{"class":127},[71,158370,90],{"class":89},[71,158372,3980],{"class":133},[71,158374,4234],{"class":89},[71,158376,2353],{"class":81},[71,158378,640],{"class":117},[71,158380,77854],{"class":89},[20,158382,209],{},[62,158384,158386],{"className":64,"code":158385,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158387,158388],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158389,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158391,90],{"class":89},[71,158393,56828],{"class":117},[71,158395,109],{"class":89},[71,158397,5417],{"class":117},[71,158399,109],{"class":89},[71,158401,76238],{"class":117},[71,158403,121],{"class":89},[350,158405,158407],{"id":158406},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[62,158409,158411],{"className":64,"code":158410,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158412,158413,158441,158445],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158416,3950],{"class":77},[71,158418,82],{"class":81},[71,158420,171],{"class":89},[71,158422,2661],{"class":117},[71,158424,109],{"class":89},[71,158426,8129],{"class":117},[71,158428,109],{"class":89},[71,158430,8134],{"class":117},[71,158432,109],{"class":89},[71,158434,50977],{"class":117},[71,158436,109],{"class":89},[71,158438,5417],{"class":117},[71,158440,121],{"class":89},[71,158442,158443],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158444,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158446,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158448,128],{"class":127},[71,158450,90],{"class":89},[71,158452,3980],{"class":133},[71,158454,75673],{"class":89},[71,158456,2353],{"class":81},[71,158458,3320],{"class":117},[71,158460,4222],{"class":89},[20,158462,209],{},[62,158464,158466],{"className":64,"code":158465,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158467,158468],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158469,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158471,90],{"class":89},[71,158473,2661],{"class":117},[71,158475,109],{"class":89},[71,158477,8129],{"class":117},[71,158479,109],{"class":89},[71,158481,8134],{"class":117},[71,158483,109],{"class":89},[71,158485,50977],{"class":117},[71,158487,121],{"class":89},[20,158489,158490,158491,60],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[56,158492,151049],{"href":157383},[288,158494,158496],{"id":158495},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158498,2309,158499,158501],{},[15,158500,75567],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[40,158503,158504,158506,158508,158514],{},[43,158505,76704],{},[43,158507,76707],{},[43,158509,158510,158513],{},[15,158511,158512],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[43,158515,158516,158517,158519],{},"A step of ",[15,158518,2449],{}," is not allowed",[20,158521,158522],{},"Example with a positive step:",[62,158524,158526],{"className":64,"code":158525,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158527,158528,158560,158564],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158529,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158531,3950],{"class":77},[71,158533,82],{"class":81},[71,158535,171],{"class":89},[71,158537,2661],{"class":117},[71,158539,109],{"class":89},[71,158541,8129],{"class":117},[71,158543,109],{"class":89},[71,158545,8134],{"class":117},[71,158547,109],{"class":89},[71,158549,50977],{"class":117},[71,158551,109],{"class":89},[71,158553,5417],{"class":117},[71,158555,109],{"class":89},[71,158557,76238],{"class":117},[71,158559,121],{"class":89},[71,158561,158562],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158563,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158565,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158567,128],{"class":127},[71,158569,90],{"class":89},[71,158571,3980],{"class":133},[71,158573,4234],{"class":89},[71,158575,3320],{"class":117},[71,158577,228],{"class":89},[71,158579,80732],{"class":117},[71,158581,228],{"class":89},[71,158583,630],{"class":117},[71,158585,4222],{"class":89},[20,158587,209],{},[62,158589,158591],{"className":64,"code":158590,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158592,158593],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158594,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158596,90],{"class":89},[71,158598,15867],{"class":117},[71,158600,109],{"class":89},[71,158602,50977],{"class":117},[71,158604,109],{"class":89},[71,158606,76238],{"class":117},[71,158608,121],{"class":89},[20,158610,158611],{},"Example with a negative step:",[62,158613,158615],{"className":64,"code":158614,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158616,158617,158645,158649],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158618,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158620,3950],{"class":77},[71,158622,82],{"class":81},[71,158624,171],{"class":89},[71,158626,2661],{"class":117},[71,158628,109],{"class":89},[71,158630,8129],{"class":117},[71,158632,109],{"class":89},[71,158634,8134],{"class":117},[71,158636,109],{"class":89},[71,158638,50977],{"class":117},[71,158640,109],{"class":89},[71,158642,5417],{"class":117},[71,158644,121],{"class":89},[71,158646,158647],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158648,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158650,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158652,128],{"class":127},[71,158654,90],{"class":89},[71,158656,3980],{"class":133},[71,158658,4234],{"class":89},[71,158660,2836],{"class":117},[71,158662,228],{"class":89},[71,158664,3320],{"class":117},[71,158666,228],{"class":89},[71,158668,2353],{"class":81},[71,158670,3320],{"class":117},[71,158672,4222],{"class":89},[20,158674,209],{},[62,158676,158678],{"className":64,"code":158677,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158679,158680],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158681,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158683,90],{"class":89},[71,158685,76932],{"class":117},[71,158687,109],{"class":89},[71,158689,50977],{"class":117},[71,158691,109],{"class":89},[71,158693,8134],{"class":117},[71,158695,121],{"class":89},[20,158697,158698],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[62,158700,158702],{"className":64,"code":158701,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158703,158704,158724,158728],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158705,158706,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158707,3950],{"class":77},[71,158709,82],{"class":81},[71,158711,171],{"class":89},[71,158713,2661],{"class":117},[71,158715,109],{"class":89},[71,158717,8129],{"class":117},[71,158719,109],{"class":89},[71,158721,8134],{"class":117},[71,158723,121],{"class":89},[71,158725,158726],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158727,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158729,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158731,128],{"class":127},[71,158733,90],{"class":89},[71,158735,3980],{"class":133},[71,158737,74260],{"class":89},[71,158739,2449],{"class":117},[71,158741,4222],{"class":89},[20,158743,158744],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[288,158746,158748],{"id":158747},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158750,158751,158752,33864],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[30,158753,49086],{},[350,158755,158757],{"id":158756},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[62,158759,158761],{"className":64,"code":158760,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158762,158763,158787,158791,158809,158813,158823],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158764,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158766,3950],{"class":77},[71,158768,82],{"class":81},[71,158770,171],{"class":89},[71,158772,2661],{"class":117},[71,158774,109],{"class":89},[71,158776,8129],{"class":117},[71,158778,109],{"class":89},[71,158780,8134],{"class":117},[71,158782,109],{"class":89},[71,158784,50977],{"class":117},[71,158786,121],{"class":89},[71,158788,158789],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158790,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158792,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158794,1102],{"class":77},[71,158796,82],{"class":81},[71,158798,4599],{"class":77},[71,158800,4234],{"class":89},[71,158802,3320],{"class":117},[71,158804,228],{"class":89},[71,158806,640],{"class":117},[71,158808,1757],{"class":89},[71,158810,158811],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,158812,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158814,158815,158817,158819,158821],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,158816,128],{"class":127},[71,158818,90],{"class":89},[71,158820,2594],{"class":133},[71,158822,121],{"class":89},[71,158824,158825,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,158826,128],{"class":127},[71,158828,90],{"class":89},[71,158830,735],{"class":85},[71,158832,90],{"class":89},[71,158834,2594],{"class":133},[71,158836,204],{"class":89},[20,158838,209],{},[62,158840,158842],{"className":64,"code":158841,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158843,158844,158856],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158845,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158847,90],{"class":89},[71,158849,15867],{"class":117},[71,158851,109],{"class":89},[71,158853,8134],{"class":117},[71,158855,121],{"class":89},[71,158857,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158859,765],{"class":81},[71,158861,769],{"class":768},[71,158863,231],{"class":99},[71,158865,49086],{"class":103},[71,158867,100],{"class":99},[71,158869,778],{"class":81},[350,158871,158873],{"id":158872},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[62,158875,158877],{"className":64,"code":158876,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158878,158879,158899,158903,158921,158925,158935],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158880,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889,158891,158893,158895,158897],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158882,3950],{"class":77},[71,158884,82],{"class":81},[71,158886,171],{"class":89},[71,158888,2661],{"class":117},[71,158890,109],{"class":89},[71,158892,8129],{"class":117},[71,158894,109],{"class":89},[71,158896,8134],{"class":117},[71,158898,121],{"class":89},[71,158900,158901],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158902,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158904,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,158906,1102],{"class":77},[71,158908,82],{"class":81},[71,158910,4599],{"class":77},[71,158912,4234],{"class":89},[71,158914,3320],{"class":117},[71,158916,228],{"class":89},[71,158918,630],{"class":117},[71,158920,1757],{"class":89},[71,158922,158923],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,158924,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,158926,158927,158929,158931,158933],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,158928,128],{"class":127},[71,158930,90],{"class":89},[71,158932,2594],{"class":133},[71,158934,121],{"class":89},[71,158936,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,158938,128],{"class":127},[71,158940,90],{"class":89},[71,158942,735],{"class":85},[71,158944,90],{"class":89},[71,158946,2594],{"class":133},[71,158948,204],{"class":89},[20,158950,209],{},[62,158952,158954],{"className":64,"code":158953,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158955,158956,158964],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158957,158958,158960,158962],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158959,90],{"class":89},[71,158961,15867],{"class":117},[71,158963,149483],{"class":89},[71,158965,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,158967,765],{"class":81},[71,158969,769],{"class":768},[71,158971,231],{"class":99},[71,158973,49086],{"class":103},[71,158975,100],{"class":99},[71,158977,778],{"class":81},[350,158979,158981],{"id":158980},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[62,158983,158985],{"className":64,"code":158984,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158986,158987,159007,159011],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,158988,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,158990,3950],{"class":77},[71,158992,82],{"class":81},[71,158994,171],{"class":89},[71,158996,2661],{"class":117},[71,158998,109],{"class":89},[71,159000,8129],{"class":117},[71,159002,109],{"class":89},[71,159004,8134],{"class":117},[71,159006,121],{"class":89},[71,159008,159009],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159010,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159012,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159014,128],{"class":127},[71,159016,90],{"class":89},[71,159018,3980],{"class":133},[71,159020,4234],{"class":89},[71,159022,2466],{"class":117},[71,159024,228],{"class":89},[71,159026,2676],{"class":117},[71,159028,4222],{"class":89},[20,159030,209],{},[62,159032,159033],{"className":64,"code":369,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,159034,159035],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159036,159037],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159038,369],{"class":89},[20,159040,159041,159042,60],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[56,159043,156219],{"href":151106},[288,159045,159047],{"id":159046},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159049,159050],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[40,159052,159053,159055,159058,159063],{},[43,159054,77013],{},[43,159056,159057],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[43,159059,159060,159061],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159062,70869],{},[43,159064,159065],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159067,2537],{},[62,159069,159071],{"className":64,"code":159070,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159072,159073,159093,159097,159114,159135],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159074,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159076,3950],{"class":77},[71,159078,82],{"class":81},[71,159080,171],{"class":89},[71,159082,2661],{"class":117},[71,159084,109],{"class":89},[71,159086,8129],{"class":117},[71,159088,109],{"class":89},[71,159090,8134],{"class":117},[71,159092,121],{"class":89},[71,159094,159095],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159096,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159098,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159100,128],{"class":127},[71,159102,90],{"class":89},[71,159104,3980],{"class":133},[71,159106,4234],{"class":89},[71,159108,3320],{"class":117},[71,159110,20562],{"class":89},[71,159112,159113],{"class":1439},"    # one item\n",[71,159115,159116,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126,159128,159130,159132],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,159117,128],{"class":127},[71,159119,90],{"class":89},[71,159121,3980],{"class":133},[71,159123,4234],{"class":89},[71,159125,3320],{"class":117},[71,159127,228],{"class":89},[71,159129,2466],{"class":117},[71,159131,20562],{"class":89},[71,159133,159134],{"class":1439},"  # slice\n",[71,159136,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,159138,128],{"class":127},[71,159140,90],{"class":89},[71,159142,3980],{"class":133},[71,159144,4234],{"class":89},[71,159146,2466],{"class":117},[71,159148,228],{"class":89},[71,159150,2676],{"class":117},[71,159152,20562],{"class":89},[71,159154,159155],{"class":1439},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159157,209],{},[62,159159,159161],{"className":64,"code":159160,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159162,159163,159167,159179],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159164,159165],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159166,71362],{"class":117},[71,159168,159169,159171,159173,159175,159177],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159170,90],{"class":89},[71,159172,15867],{"class":117},[71,159174,109],{"class":89},[71,159176,8134],{"class":117},[71,159178,121],{"class":89},[71,159180,159181],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159182,369],{"class":89},[20,159184,159185],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[62,159187,159189],{"className":64,"code":159188,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159190,159191,159211,159215],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159192,159193,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159194,3950],{"class":77},[71,159196,82],{"class":81},[71,159198,171],{"class":89},[71,159200,2661],{"class":117},[71,159202,109],{"class":89},[71,159204,8129],{"class":117},[71,159206,109],{"class":89},[71,159208,8134],{"class":117},[71,159210,121],{"class":89},[71,159212,159213],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159214,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159216,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159218,128],{"class":127},[71,159220,90],{"class":89},[71,159222,3980],{"class":133},[71,159224,4234],{"class":89},[71,159226,2466],{"class":117},[71,159228,4222],{"class":89},[20,159230,159231,159232,159234,159235,60],{},"This raises an ",[15,159233,70869],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[56,159236,154972],{"href":159237},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[288,159239,15289],{"id":77280},[20,159241,159242],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[40,159244,159245,159248,159250,159253],{},[43,159246,159247],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[43,159249,60829],{},[43,159251,159252],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[43,159254,159255,159256],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159257,2449],{},[20,159259,159260],{},"Here are a few examples.",[350,159262,159264],{"id":159263},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[62,159266,159267],{"className":64,"code":158067,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,159268,159269,159297,159301],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159270,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285,159287,159289,159291,159293,159295],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159272,3950],{"class":77},[71,159274,82],{"class":81},[71,159276,171],{"class":89},[71,159278,2661],{"class":117},[71,159280,109],{"class":89},[71,159282,8129],{"class":117},[71,159284,109],{"class":89},[71,159286,8134],{"class":117},[71,159288,109],{"class":89},[71,159290,50977],{"class":117},[71,159292,109],{"class":89},[71,159294,5417],{"class":117},[71,159296,121],{"class":89},[71,159298,159299],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159300,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159302,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311,159313,159315,159317],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159304,128],{"class":127},[71,159306,90],{"class":89},[71,159308,3980],{"class":133},[71,159310,4234],{"class":89},[71,159312,3320],{"class":117},[71,159314,228],{"class":89},[71,159316,2836],{"class":117},[71,159318,4222],{"class":89},[20,159320,209],{},[62,159322,159323],{"className":64,"code":158124,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,159324,159325],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159326,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159328,90],{"class":89},[71,159330,15867],{"class":117},[71,159332,109],{"class":89},[71,159334,8134],{"class":117},[71,159336,109],{"class":89},[71,159338,50977],{"class":117},[71,159340,121],{"class":89},[20,159342,132551,159343,159345],{},[15,159344,2836],{}," is not included.",[350,159347,159349],{"id":159348},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159351,1725],{},[62,159353,159355],{"className":64,"code":159354,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159356,159357,159381,159385],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159358,159359,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377,159379],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159360,3950],{"class":77},[71,159362,82],{"class":81},[71,159364,171],{"class":89},[71,159366,2661],{"class":117},[71,159368,109],{"class":89},[71,159370,8129],{"class":117},[71,159372,109],{"class":89},[71,159374,8134],{"class":117},[71,159376,109],{"class":89},[71,159378,50977],{"class":117},[71,159380,121],{"class":89},[71,159382,159383],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159384,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159386,159387],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159388,159389],{"class":1439},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159391,159392],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[62,159394,159395],{"className":64,"code":155052,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,159396,159397,159421,159425],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159398,159399,159401,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159400,3950],{"class":77},[71,159402,82],{"class":81},[71,159404,171],{"class":89},[71,159406,2661],{"class":117},[71,159408,109],{"class":89},[71,159410,8129],{"class":117},[71,159412,109],{"class":89},[71,159414,8134],{"class":117},[71,159416,109],{"class":89},[71,159418,50977],{"class":117},[71,159420,121],{"class":89},[71,159422,159423],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159424,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159426,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439,159441],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159428,128],{"class":127},[71,159430,90],{"class":89},[71,159432,3980],{"class":133},[71,159434,4234],{"class":89},[71,159436,3320],{"class":117},[71,159438,228],{"class":89},[71,159440,640],{"class":117},[71,159442,4222],{"class":89},[350,159444,159446],{"id":159445},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[62,159448,159450],{"className":64,"code":159449,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159451,159452,159476,159480,159495,159499,159510],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159453,159454,159456,159458,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159455,3950],{"class":77},[71,159457,82],{"class":81},[71,159459,171],{"class":89},[71,159461,2661],{"class":117},[71,159463,109],{"class":89},[71,159465,8129],{"class":117},[71,159467,109],{"class":89},[71,159469,8134],{"class":117},[71,159471,109],{"class":89},[71,159473,50977],{"class":117},[71,159475,121],{"class":89},[71,159477,159478],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159479,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159481,159482,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159483,159484],{"class":77},"slice_result ",[71,159486,82],{"class":81},[71,159488,4599],{"class":77},[71,159490,75673],{"class":89},[71,159492,630],{"class":117},[71,159494,1757],{"class":89},[71,159496,159497],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,159498,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159500,159501,159503,159505,159508],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,159502,128],{"class":127},[71,159504,90],{"class":89},[71,159506,159507],{"class":133},"slice_result",[71,159509,121],{"class":89},[71,159511,159512,159514,159516,159518],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,159513,128],{"class":127},[71,159515,90],{"class":89},[71,159517,3980],{"class":133},[71,159519,121],{"class":89},[20,159521,209],{},[62,159523,159525],{"className":64,"code":159524,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159526,159527,159539],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159528,159529,159531,159533,159535,159537],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159530,90],{"class":89},[71,159532,2661],{"class":117},[71,159534,109],{"class":89},[71,159536,8129],{"class":117},[71,159538,121],{"class":89},[71,159540,159541,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551,159553,159555,159557],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159542,90],{"class":89},[71,159544,2661],{"class":117},[71,159546,109],{"class":89},[71,159548,8129],{"class":117},[71,159550,109],{"class":89},[71,159552,8134],{"class":117},[71,159554,109],{"class":89},[71,159556,50977],{"class":117},[71,159558,121],{"class":89},[20,159560,159561],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[288,159563,113865],{"id":113864},[20,159565,159566],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[40,159568,159569,159572,159575,159581,159584],{},[43,159570,159571],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[43,159573,159574],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[43,159576,159577,159578],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159579,159580],{},"tuple[::0]",[43,159582,159583],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[43,159585,159586],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159588,159589],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[62,159591,159593],{"className":64,"code":159592,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159594,159595,159605,159623,159645],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159596,159597,159599,159601,159603],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159598,128],{"class":127},[71,159600,90],{"class":89},[71,159602,148145],{"class":133},[71,159604,121],{"class":89},[71,159606,159607,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159608,128],{"class":127},[71,159610,90],{"class":89},[71,159612,148145],{"class":133},[71,159614,4234],{"class":89},[71,159616,3320],{"class":117},[71,159618,228],{"class":89},[71,159620,2836],{"class":117},[71,159622,4222],{"class":89},[71,159624,159625,159627,159629,159631,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641,159643],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159626,128],{"class":127},[71,159628,90],{"class":89},[71,159630,735],{"class":85},[71,159632,90],{"class":89},[71,159634,148145],{"class":133},[71,159636,4234],{"class":89},[71,159638,3320],{"class":117},[71,159640,228],{"class":89},[71,159642,2836],{"class":117},[71,159644,3331],{"class":89},[71,159646,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655,159657],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,159648,128],{"class":127},[71,159650,90],{"class":89},[71,159652,2139],{"class":127},[71,159654,90],{"class":89},[71,159656,148145],{"class":133},[71,159658,204],{"class":89},[20,159660,2148],{},[40,159662,159663,159665,159668,159671],{},[43,159664,155359],{},[43,159666,159667],{},"what the slice actually returns",[43,159669,159670],{},"that the result is a tuple",[43,159672,159673],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[288,159675,2163],{"id":2162},[350,159677,159679],{"id":159678},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159681,159682],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[350,159684,159686],{"id":159685},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159688,159689],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[350,159691,5479,159693,40089],{"id":159692},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159694,158512],{},[20,159696,159697],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[350,159699,159701,159702,2172],{"id":159700},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159703,70869],{},[20,159705,159706,159707,60],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159708,70869],{},[288,159710,2221],{"id":2220},[40,159712,159713,159717,159721,159725,159729],{},[43,159714,159715],{},[56,159716,156219],{"href":151106},[43,159718,159719],{},[56,159720,149800],{"href":153226},[43,159722,159723],{},[56,159724,151049],{"href":157383},[43,159726,159727],{},[56,159728,148127],{"href":157745},[43,159730,159731],{},[56,159732,154972],{"href":159237},[2250,159734,159735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":159737},[159738,159739,159740,159741,159749,159753,159754,159759,159760,159765,159766,159774],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":157545,"depth":124,"text":157546},{"id":157748,"depth":124,"text":157749},{"id":76153,"depth":124,"text":76154,"children":159742},[159743,159745,159746,159747,159748],{"id":157906,"depth":139,"text":159744},"Get the first n items",{"id":157985,"depth":139,"text":157986},{"id":158063,"depth":139,"text":158064},{"id":158145,"depth":139,"text":158146},{"id":158227,"depth":139,"text":158228},{"id":76447,"depth":124,"text":76448,"children":159750},[159751,159752],{"id":158322,"depth":139,"text":158323},{"id":158406,"depth":139,"text":158407},{"id":158495,"depth":124,"text":158496},{"id":158747,"depth":124,"text":158748,"children":159755},[159756,159757,159758],{"id":158756,"depth":139,"text":158757},{"id":158872,"depth":139,"text":158873},{"id":158980,"depth":139,"text":158981},{"id":159046,"depth":124,"text":159047},{"id":77280,"depth":124,"text":15289,"children":159761},[159762,159763,159764],{"id":159263,"depth":139,"text":159264},{"id":159348,"depth":139,"text":159349},{"id":159445,"depth":139,"text":159446},{"id":113864,"depth":124,"text":113865},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":159767},[159768,159769,159770,159772],{"id":159678,"depth":139,"text":159679},{"id":159685,"depth":139,"text":159686},{"id":159692,"depth":139,"text":159771},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159700,"depth":139,"text":159773},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157389,"description":159775},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159782,"title":159783,"body":159784,"description":161607,"extension":2292,"meta":161608,"navigation":142,"path":34932,"seo":161609,"stem":161610,"__hash__":161611},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159785,"toc":161573},[159786,159791,159796,159800,159818,159821,159836,159842,159844,159901,159903,159935,159947,159953,159958,159961,159996,160002,160004,160007,160021,160024,160026,160049,160051,160069,160072,160088,160090,160093,160206,160208,160297,160300,160305,160311,160314,160317,160416,160418,160477,160482,160485,160554,160558,160590,160606,160611,160618,160625,160637,160639,160688,160690,160713,160719,160767,160772,160779,160787,160793,160796,160820,160823,160825,160901,160903,160928,160934,160937,160942,160946,160960,160962,161025,161027,161059,161062,161078,161080,161086,161093,161095,161114,161116,161134,161141,161146,161153,161155,161192,161195,161202,161206,161209,161267,161270,161273,161328,161330,161342,161348,161350,161354,161387,161394,161396,161459,161462,161464,161469,161483,161490,161498,161507,161516,161522,161528,161530,161570],[10,159787,13,159789,18],{"id":159788},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159790,2632],{},[20,159792,32439,159793,159795],{},[15,159794,2632],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159797,62904,159798,104709],{},[15,159799,2632],{},[40,159801,159802,159805,159808,159811],{},[43,159803,159804],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[43,159806,159807],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[43,159809,159810],{},"debug confusing code",[43,159812,159813,159814],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[56,159815,159816],{"href":8559},[15,159817,3289],{},[20,159819,159820],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[62,159822,159824],{"className":64,"code":159823,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"type(object)\n",[15,159825,159826],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159827,159828,159830,159832,159834],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159829,735],{"class":85},[71,159831,90],{"class":89},[71,159833,42529],{"class":85},[71,159835,121],{"class":89},[20,159837,159838,159839,159841],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159840,2632],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[288,159843,3940],{"id":3939},[62,159845,159847],{"className":64,"code":159846,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159848,159849,159861,159875,159879,159887],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159850,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159852,8215],{"class":77},[71,159854,82],{"class":81},[71,159856,3683],{"class":99},[71,159858,104],{"class":103},[71,159860,3689],{"class":99},[71,159862,159863,159865,159867,159869,159871,159873],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159864,128],{"class":127},[71,159866,90],{"class":89},[71,159868,735],{"class":85},[71,159870,90],{"class":89},[71,159872,94],{"class":133},[71,159874,204],{"class":89},[71,159876,159877],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,159878,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,159880,159881,159883,159885],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,159882,2547],{"class":77},[71,159884,82],{"class":81},[71,159886,2918],{"class":117},[71,159888,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,159890,128],{"class":127},[71,159892,90],{"class":89},[71,159894,735],{"class":85},[71,159896,90],{"class":89},[71,159898,2569],{"class":133},[71,159900,204],{"class":89},[20,159902,209],{},[62,159904,159905],{"className":64,"code":125212,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,159906,159907,159921],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,159908,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,159910,765],{"class":81},[71,159912,769],{"class":768},[71,159914,231],{"class":99},[71,159916,3775],{"class":103},[71,159918,100],{"class":99},[71,159920,778],{"class":81},[71,159922,159923,159925,159927,159929,159931,159933],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,159924,765],{"class":81},[71,159926,769],{"class":768},[71,159928,231],{"class":99},[71,159930,2517],{"class":103},[71,159932,100],{"class":99},[71,159934,778],{"class":81},[20,159936,283,159937,159940,159941,1560,159944,60],{},[15,159938,159939],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159942,159943],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159945,159946],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[288,159948,13106,159950,159952],{"id":159949},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159951,2632],{}," function does",[20,159954,159955,159957],{},[15,159956,2632],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159959,159960],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[40,159962,159963,159968,159973,159978,159983,159988],{},[43,159964,159965,159967],{},[15,159966,3775],{}," for text",[43,159969,159970,159972],{},[15,159971,2517],{}," for whole numbers",[43,159974,159975,159977],{},[15,159976,2521],{}," for decimal numbers",[43,159979,159980,159982],{},[15,159981,8433],{}," for lists",[43,159984,159985,159987],{},[15,159986,196],{}," for dictionaries",[43,159989,159990,69233,159992,1560,159994],{},[15,159991,4200],{},[15,159993,3935],{},[15,159995,4006],{},[20,159997,159998,159999,160001],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160000,2632],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[288,160003,343],{"id":342},[20,160005,160006],{},"The main beginner form is:",[62,160008,160009],{"className":64,"code":159823,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,160010,160011],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160012,160013,160015,160017,160019],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160014,735],{"class":85},[71,160016,90],{"class":89},[71,160018,42529],{"class":85},[71,160020,121],{"class":89},[20,160022,160023],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160025,2537],{},[62,160027,160029],{"className":64,"code":160028,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160030,160031],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160032,160033,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160034,128],{"class":127},[71,160036,90],{"class":89},[71,160038,735],{"class":85},[71,160040,90],{"class":89},[71,160042,3184],{"class":99},[71,160044,4177],{"class":103},[71,160046,3184],{"class":99},[71,160048,204],{"class":89},[20,160050,209],{},[62,160052,160053],{"className":64,"code":45902,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,160054,160055],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160056,160057,160059,160061,160063,160065,160067],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160058,765],{"class":81},[71,160060,769],{"class":768},[71,160062,231],{"class":99},[71,160064,3775],{"class":103},[71,160066,100],{"class":99},[71,160068,778],{"class":81},[20,160070,160071],{},"You can pass either:",[40,160073,160074,160081],{},[43,160075,160076,160077,3209,160079],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160078,64672],{},[15,160080,46658],{},[43,160082,160083,160084,3209,160086],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160085,94],{},[15,160087,242],{},[288,160089,122024],{"id":122023},[20,160091,160092],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[62,160094,160096],{"className":64,"code":160095,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160097,160098,160116,160130,160144,160166,160192],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160099,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160101,128],{"class":127},[71,160103,90],{"class":89},[71,160105,735],{"class":85},[71,160107,90],{"class":89},[71,160109,3184],{"class":99},[71,160111,4177],{"class":103},[71,160113,3184],{"class":99},[71,160115,204],{"class":89},[71,160117,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160119,128],{"class":127},[71,160121,90],{"class":89},[71,160123,735],{"class":85},[71,160125,90],{"class":89},[71,160127,2661],{"class":117},[71,160129,204],{"class":89},[71,160131,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160133,128],{"class":127},[71,160135,90],{"class":89},[71,160137,735],{"class":85},[71,160139,90],{"class":89},[71,160141,40272],{"class":117},[71,160143,204],{"class":89},[71,160145,160146,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,160147,128],{"class":127},[71,160149,90],{"class":89},[71,160151,735],{"class":85},[71,160153,3317],{"class":89},[71,160155,3320],{"class":117},[71,160157,109],{"class":89},[71,160159,183],{"class":117},[71,160161,109],{"class":89},[71,160163,701],{"class":117},[71,160165,3331],{"class":89},[71,160167,160168,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,160169,128],{"class":127},[71,160171,90],{"class":89},[71,160173,735],{"class":85},[71,160175,5865],{"class":89},[71,160177,3184],{"class":99},[71,160179,94],{"class":103},[71,160181,3184],{"class":99},[71,160183,228],{"class":89},[71,160185,3683],{"class":99},[71,160187,104],{"class":103},[71,160189,3184],{"class":99},[71,160191,5874],{"class":89},[71,160193,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202,160204],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,160195,128],{"class":127},[71,160197,90],{"class":89},[71,160199,735],{"class":85},[71,160201,90],{"class":89},[71,160203,3935],{"class":4184},[71,160205,204],{"class":89},[20,160207,209],{},[62,160209,160211],{"className":64,"code":160210,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160212,160213,160227,160241,160255,160269,160283],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160214,160215,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160216,765],{"class":81},[71,160218,769],{"class":768},[71,160220,231],{"class":99},[71,160222,3775],{"class":103},[71,160224,100],{"class":99},[71,160226,778],{"class":81},[71,160228,160229,160231,160233,160235,160237,160239],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160230,765],{"class":81},[71,160232,769],{"class":768},[71,160234,231],{"class":99},[71,160236,2517],{"class":103},[71,160238,100],{"class":99},[71,160240,778],{"class":81},[71,160242,160243,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160244,765],{"class":81},[71,160246,769],{"class":768},[71,160248,231],{"class":99},[71,160250,2521],{"class":103},[71,160252,100],{"class":99},[71,160254,778],{"class":81},[71,160256,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265,160267],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,160258,765],{"class":81},[71,160260,769],{"class":768},[71,160262,231],{"class":99},[71,160264,8433],{"class":103},[71,160266,100],{"class":99},[71,160268,778],{"class":81},[71,160270,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,160272,765],{"class":81},[71,160274,769],{"class":768},[71,160276,231],{"class":99},[71,160278,196],{"class":103},[71,160280,100],{"class":99},[71,160282,778],{"class":81},[71,160284,160285,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,160286,765],{"class":81},[71,160288,769],{"class":768},[71,160290,231],{"class":99},[71,160292,4200],{"class":103},[71,160294,100],{"class":99},[71,160296,778],{"class":81},[20,160298,160299],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160301,160302,160303,60],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[56,160304,44929],{"href":49111},[288,160306,8758,160308,160310],{"id":160307},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160309,2632],{}," with variables",[20,160312,160313],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160315,160316],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[62,160318,160320],{"className":64,"code":160319,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160321,160322,160330,160348,160352,160364,160382,160386,160398],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160323,160324,160326,160328],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160325,2778],{"class":77},[71,160327,82],{"class":81},[71,160329,2918],{"class":117},[71,160331,160332,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160333,128],{"class":127},[71,160335,90],{"class":89},[71,160337,2804],{"class":133},[71,160339,109],{"class":89},[71,160341,49523],{"class":85},[71,160343,90],{"class":89},[71,160345,2804],{"class":133},[71,160347,204],{"class":89},[71,160349,160350],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160351,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,160353,160354,160356,160358,160360,160362],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,160355,2778],{"class":77},[71,160357,82],{"class":81},[71,160359,3683],{"class":99},[71,160361,46039],{"class":103},[71,160363,3689],{"class":99},[71,160365,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376,160378,160380],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,160367,128],{"class":127},[71,160369,90],{"class":89},[71,160371,2804],{"class":133},[71,160373,109],{"class":89},[71,160375,49523],{"class":85},[71,160377,90],{"class":89},[71,160379,2804],{"class":133},[71,160381,204],{"class":89},[71,160383,160384],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,160385,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,160387,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,160389,2778],{"class":77},[71,160391,82],{"class":81},[71,160393,1740],{"class":89},[71,160395,2661],{"class":117},[71,160397,1757],{"class":89},[71,160399,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412,160414],{"class":73,"line":6764},[71,160401,128],{"class":127},[71,160403,90],{"class":89},[71,160405,2804],{"class":133},[71,160407,109],{"class":89},[71,160409,49523],{"class":85},[71,160411,90],{"class":89},[71,160413,2804],{"class":133},[71,160415,204],{"class":89},[20,160417,209],{},[62,160419,160421],{"className":64,"code":160420,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160422,160423,160440,160457],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160424,160425,160427,160430,160432,160434,160436,160438],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160426,2661],{"class":117},[71,160428,160429],{"class":81}," \u003C",[71,160431,769],{"class":768},[71,160433,231],{"class":99},[71,160435,2517],{"class":103},[71,160437,100],{"class":99},[71,160439,778],{"class":81},[71,160441,160442,160445,160447,160449,160451,160453,160455],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160443,160444],{"class":77},"ten ",[71,160446,765],{"class":81},[71,160448,769],{"class":768},[71,160450,231],{"class":99},[71,160452,3775],{"class":103},[71,160454,100],{"class":99},[71,160456,778],{"class":81},[71,160458,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471,160473,160475],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160460,4234],{"class":89},[71,160462,2661],{"class":117},[71,160464,13384],{"class":89},[71,160466,160429],{"class":81},[71,160468,769],{"class":768},[71,160470,231],{"class":99},[71,160472,8433],{"class":103},[71,160474,100],{"class":99},[71,160476,778],{"class":81},[20,160478,160479,160481],{},[15,160480,2632],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160483,160484],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[62,160486,160488],{"className":64,"code":160487,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160489,160490,160508,160522,160526,160540],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160491,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504,160506],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160493,3722],{"class":77},[71,160495,82],{"class":81},[71,160497,8582],{"class":127},[71,160499,90],{"class":89},[71,160501,3184],{"class":99},[71,160503,42001],{"class":103},[71,160505,3184],{"class":99},[71,160507,121],{"class":89},[71,160509,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518,160520],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160511,128],{"class":127},[71,160513,90],{"class":89},[71,160515,735],{"class":85},[71,160517,90],{"class":89},[71,160519,3749],{"class":133},[71,160521,204],{"class":89},[71,160523,160524],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160525,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,160527,160528,160530,160532,160534,160536,160538],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,160529,123136],{"class":77},[71,160531,82],{"class":81},[71,160533,45408],{"class":85},[71,160535,90],{"class":89},[71,160537,3749],{"class":133},[71,160539,121],{"class":89},[71,160541,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550,160552],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,160543,128],{"class":127},[71,160545,90],{"class":89},[71,160547,735],{"class":85},[71,160549,90],{"class":89},[71,160551,123159],{"class":133},[71,160553,204],{"class":89},[20,160555,41250,160556,41254],{},[15,160557,118],{},[62,160559,160560],{"className":64,"code":125212,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,160561,160562,160576],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160563,160564,160566,160568,160570,160572,160574],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160565,765],{"class":81},[71,160567,769],{"class":768},[71,160569,231],{"class":99},[71,160571,3775],{"class":103},[71,160573,100],{"class":99},[71,160575,778],{"class":81},[71,160577,160578,160580,160582,160584,160586,160588],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160579,765],{"class":81},[71,160581,769],{"class":768},[71,160583,231],{"class":99},[71,160585,2517],{"class":103},[71,160587,100],{"class":99},[71,160589,778],{"class":81},[20,160591,45835,160592,160596,160597,3209,160601,160605],{},[56,160593,160594],{"href":8559},[15,160595,3289],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[56,160598,160599],{"href":3205},[15,160600,3208],{},[56,160602,160603],{"href":3212},[15,160604,3215],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160607,160608,160609,60],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[56,160610,9322],{"href":9321},[288,160612,160614,1552,160616],{"id":160613},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160615,2632],{},[15,160617,44937],{},[20,160619,160620,1560,160622,160624],{},[15,160621,2632],{},[15,160623,44937],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[40,160626,160627,160632],{},[43,160628,160629,160631],{},[15,160630,2632],{}," tells you the exact type",[43,160633,160634,160636],{},[15,160635,44937],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160638,2537],{},[62,160640,160642],{"className":64,"code":160641,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160643,160644,160652,160656,160670],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160645,160646,160648,160650],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160647,2778],{"class":77},[71,160649,82],{"class":81},[71,160651,34966],{"class":117},[71,160653,160654],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160655,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,160657,160658,160660,160662,160664,160666,160668],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160659,128],{"class":127},[71,160661,90],{"class":89},[71,160663,735],{"class":85},[71,160665,90],{"class":89},[71,160667,2804],{"class":133},[71,160669,204],{"class":89},[71,160671,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,160673,128],{"class":127},[71,160675,90],{"class":89},[71,160677,49008],{"class":127},[71,160679,90],{"class":89},[71,160681,2804],{"class":133},[71,160683,109],{"class":89},[71,160685,45408],{"class":85},[71,160687,204],{"class":89},[20,160689,209],{},[62,160691,160693],{"className":64,"code":160692,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160694,160695,160709],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160696,160697,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160698,765],{"class":81},[71,160700,769],{"class":768},[71,160702,231],{"class":99},[71,160704,2517],{"class":103},[71,160706,100],{"class":99},[71,160708,778],{"class":81},[71,160710,160711],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160712,4314],{"class":4184},[20,160714,160715,160716,160718],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160717,44937],{}," is more practical.",[62,160720,160722],{"className":64,"code":160721,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160723,160724,160732,160736,160752],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160725,160726,160728,160730],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160727,2778],{"class":77},[71,160729,82],{"class":81},[71,160731,34966],{"class":117},[71,160733,160734],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160735,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,160737,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160739,7337],{"class":4209},[71,160741,49746],{"class":127},[71,160743,90],{"class":89},[71,160745,2804],{"class":133},[71,160747,109],{"class":89},[71,160749,45408],{"class":85},[71,160751,8682],{"class":89},[71,160753,160754,160756,160758,160760,160763,160765],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,160755,8408],{"class":127},[71,160757,90],{"class":89},[71,160759,3184],{"class":99},[71,160761,160762],{"class":103},"This is an integer",[71,160764,3184],{"class":99},[71,160766,121],{"class":89},[20,160768,283,160769,160771],{},[15,160770,2632],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160773,283,160774,160776,160777,7512],{},[15,160775,44937],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160778,7337],{},[20,160780,160781,160782,60],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[56,160783,13,160785,3841],{"href":160784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160786,44937],{},[288,160788,160790,160791],{"id":160789},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160792,2632],{},[20,160794,160795],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[62,160797,160799],{"className":64,"code":160798,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160800,160801],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160802,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811,160814,160816,160818],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160804,735],{"class":85},[71,160806,90],{"class":89},[71,160808,94],{"class":133},[71,160810,109],{"class":89},[71,160812,160813],{"class":133}," bases",[71,160815,109],{"class":89},[71,160817,86],{"class":85},[71,160819,121],{"class":89},[20,160821,160822],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160824,2537],{},[62,160826,160828],{"className":64,"code":160827,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160829,160830,160873,160877,160887],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160831,160832,160835,160837,160839,160841,160843,160846,160848,160850,160853,160855,160857,160860,160862,160864,160866,160869,160871],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160833,160834],{"class":77},"Person ",[71,160836,82],{"class":81},[71,160838,49523],{"class":85},[71,160840,90],{"class":89},[71,160842,3184],{"class":99},[71,160844,160845],{"class":103},"Person",[71,160847,3184],{"class":99},[71,160849,109],{"class":89},[71,160851,160852],{"class":89}," (),",[71,160854,1456],{"class":89},[71,160856,3184],{"class":99},[71,160858,160859],{"class":103},"species",[71,160861,3184],{"class":99},[71,160863,228],{"class":89},[71,160865,3683],{"class":99},[71,160867,160868],{"class":103},"human",[71,160870,3184],{"class":99},[71,160872,30617],{"class":89},[71,160874,160875],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160876,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,160878,160879,160881,160883,160885],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160880,128],{"class":127},[71,160882,90],{"class":89},[71,160884,160845],{"class":133},[71,160886,121],{"class":89},[71,160888,160889,160891,160893,160895,160897,160899],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,160890,128],{"class":127},[71,160892,90],{"class":89},[71,160894,160845],{"class":133},[71,160896,60],{"class":89},[71,160898,160859],{"class":24868},[71,160900,121],{"class":89},[20,160902,209],{},[62,160904,160906],{"className":64,"code":160905,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160907,160908,160923],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160909,160910,160912,160914,160916,160919,160921],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160911,765],{"class":81},[71,160913,769],{"class":768},[71,160915,231],{"class":99},[71,160917,160918],{"class":103},"__main__.Person",[71,160920,100],{"class":99},[71,160922,778],{"class":81},[71,160924,160925],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160926,160927],{"class":77},"human\n",[20,160929,160930,160931,160933],{},"Most beginners do ",[30,160932,4967],{}," need this form.",[20,160935,160936],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[288,160938,5298,160940],{"id":160939},"when-to-use-type",[15,160941,2632],{},[20,160943,160944,12553],{},[15,160945,2632],{},[40,160947,160948,160951,160954,160957],{},[43,160949,160950],{},"debug unexpected values",[43,160952,160953],{},"check what a conversion produced",[43,160955,160956],{},"learn Python data types",[43,160958,160959],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160961,5808],{},[62,160963,160965],{"className":64,"code":160964,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160966,160967,160979,160993,160997,161011],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,160968,160969,160971,160973,160975,160977],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,160970,34811],{"class":77},[71,160972,82],{"class":81},[71,160974,3683],{"class":99},[71,160976,50379],{"class":103},[71,160978,3689],{"class":99},[71,160980,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989,160991],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,160982,2547],{"class":77},[71,160984,82],{"class":81},[71,160986,45408],{"class":85},[71,160988,90],{"class":89},[71,160990,34832],{"class":133},[71,160992,121],{"class":89},[71,160994,160995],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,160996,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,160998,160999,161001,161003,161005,161007,161009],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,161000,128],{"class":127},[71,161002,90],{"class":89},[71,161004,735],{"class":85},[71,161006,90],{"class":89},[71,161008,34832],{"class":133},[71,161010,204],{"class":89},[71,161012,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,161014,128],{"class":127},[71,161016,90],{"class":89},[71,161018,735],{"class":85},[71,161020,90],{"class":89},[71,161022,2569],{"class":133},[71,161024,204],{"class":89},[20,161026,209],{},[62,161028,161029],{"className":64,"code":125212,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,161030,161031,161045],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161032,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161034,765],{"class":81},[71,161036,769],{"class":768},[71,161038,231],{"class":99},[71,161040,3775],{"class":103},[71,161042,100],{"class":99},[71,161044,778],{"class":81},[71,161046,161047,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161048,765],{"class":81},[71,161050,769],{"class":768},[71,161052,231],{"class":99},[71,161054,2517],{"class":103},[71,161056,100],{"class":99},[71,161058,778],{"class":81},[20,161060,161061],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161063,161064,161065,2518,161069,17186,161073,161077],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[56,161066,161067],{"href":42305},[15,161068,47816],{},[56,161070,161071],{"href":3205},[15,161072,3208],{},[56,161074,161075],{"href":3212},[15,161076,3215],{}," are often the next step.",[288,161079,25476],{"id":25475},[20,161081,161082,161083,161085],{},"A few things about ",[15,161084,2632],{}," often confuse beginners.",[350,161087,161089,161092],{"id":161088},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161090,161091],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161094,64781],{},[62,161096,161098],{"className":64,"code":161097,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161099,161100],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161101,161102,161104,161106,161108,161110,161112],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161103,128],{"class":127},[71,161105,90],{"class":89},[71,161107,735],{"class":85},[71,161109,90],{"class":89},[71,161111,2466],{"class":117},[71,161113,204],{"class":89},[20,161115,123055],{},[62,161117,161118],{"className":64,"code":156567,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,161119,161120],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161121,161122,161124,161126,161128,161130,161132],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161123,765],{"class":81},[71,161125,769],{"class":768},[71,161127,231],{"class":99},[71,161129,2517],{"class":103},[71,161131,100],{"class":99},[71,161133,778],{"class":81},[20,161135,41035,161136,161138,161139,60],{},[30,161137,4967],{}," print just ",[15,161140,2517],{},[20,161142,7016,161143,161145],{},[15,161144,2632],{}," returns a class object.",[350,161147,161149,2728,161151],{"id":161148},"input-returns-str",[15,161150,3289],{},[15,161152,3775],{},[20,161154,79680],{},[62,161156,161158],{"className":64,"code":161157,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161159,161160,161178],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161161,161162,161164,161166,161168,161170,161172,161174,161176],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161163,2778],{"class":77},[71,161165,82],{"class":81},[71,161167,8582],{"class":127},[71,161169,90],{"class":89},[71,161171,3184],{"class":99},[71,161173,46442],{"class":103},[71,161175,3184],{"class":99},[71,161177,121],{"class":89},[71,161179,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161181,128],{"class":127},[71,161183,90],{"class":89},[71,161185,735],{"class":85},[71,161187,90],{"class":89},[71,161189,2804],{"class":133},[71,161191,204],{"class":89},[20,161193,161194],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161196,161197,161198,3209,161200,60],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161199,3208],{},[15,161201,3215],{},[350,161203,161205],{"id":161204},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161207,161208],{},"Avoid code like this:",[62,161210,161212],{"className":64,"code":161211,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161213,161214,161222,161226,161252],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161215,161216,161218,161220],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161217,2778],{"class":77},[71,161219,82],{"class":81},[71,161221,34966],{"class":117},[71,161223,161224],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161225,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,161227,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248,161250],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,161229,7337],{"class":4209},[71,161231,49037],{"class":85},[71,161233,90],{"class":89},[71,161235,735],{"class":85},[71,161237,90],{"class":89},[71,161239,2804],{"class":133},[71,161241,5697],{"class":89},[71,161243,6746],{"class":81},[71,161245,3683],{"class":99},[71,161247,159946],{"class":103},[71,161249,3184],{"class":99},[71,161251,6731],{"class":89},[71,161253,161254,161256,161258,161260,161263,161265],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,161255,8408],{"class":127},[71,161257,90],{"class":89},[71,161259,3184],{"class":99},[71,161261,161262],{"class":103},"It is an int",[71,161264,3184],{"class":99},[71,161266,121],{"class":89},[20,161268,161269],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161271,161272],{},"Better options:",[62,161274,161276],{"className":64,"code":161275,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161277,161278,161286,161290,161310],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161279,161280,161282,161284],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161281,2778],{"class":77},[71,161283,82],{"class":81},[71,161285,34966],{"class":117},[71,161287,161288],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161289,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,161291,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,161293,128],{"class":127},[71,161295,90],{"class":89},[71,161297,735],{"class":85},[71,161299,90],{"class":89},[71,161301,2804],{"class":133},[71,161303,3993],{"class":89},[71,161305,6746],{"class":81},[71,161307,45408],{"class":85},[71,161309,121],{"class":89},[71,161311,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,161313,128],{"class":127},[71,161315,90],{"class":89},[71,161317,49008],{"class":127},[71,161319,90],{"class":89},[71,161321,2804],{"class":133},[71,161323,109],{"class":89},[71,161325,45408],{"class":85},[71,161327,204],{"class":89},[20,161329,209],{},[62,161331,161332],{"className":64,"code":4841,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,161333,161334,161338],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161335,161336],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161337,4314],{"class":4184},[71,161339,161340],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161341,4314],{"class":4184},[20,161343,161344,161345,161347],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161346,44937],{}," is the more useful check.",[288,161349,2054],{"id":2053},[20,161351,14845,161352,228],{},[15,161353,2632],{},[40,161355,161356,161366,161375,161384],{},[43,161357,8758,161358,161360,161361,161365],{},[15,161359,2632],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[56,161362,161363],{"href":8559},[15,161364,3289],{}," always returns a string",[43,161367,8794,161368,161370,161371,2069,161373],{},[15,161369,2632],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161372,2517],{},[15,161374,159946],{},[43,161376,8758,161377,44761,161380,161383],{},[15,161378,161379],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161381,161382],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[43,161385,161386],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161388,161389,161390,60],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[56,161391,161393],{"href":161392},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161395,144721],{},[62,161397,161399],{"className":64,"code":161398,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161400,161401,161415,161425,161439,161449],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161402,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411,161413],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161404,128],{"class":127},[71,161406,90],{"class":89},[71,161408,735],{"class":85},[71,161410,90],{"class":89},[71,161412,2804],{"class":133},[71,161414,204],{"class":89},[71,161416,161417,161419,161421,161423],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161418,128],{"class":127},[71,161420,90],{"class":89},[71,161422,2804],{"class":133},[71,161424,121],{"class":89},[71,161426,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,161428,128],{"class":127},[71,161430,90],{"class":89},[71,161432,41909],{"class":127},[71,161434,90],{"class":89},[71,161436,2804],{"class":133},[71,161438,204],{"class":89},[71,161440,161441,161443,161445,161447],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,161442,32274],{"class":127},[71,161444,90],{"class":89},[71,161446,735],{"class":85},[71,161448,121],{"class":89},[71,161450,161451,161453,161455,161457],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,161452,34495],{"class":127},[71,161454,90],{"class":89},[71,161456,2804],{"class":133},[71,161458,121],{"class":89},[20,161460,161461],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[288,161463,2163],{"id":2162},[350,161465,5479,161467,5482],{"id":161466},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161468,2632],{},[20,161470,161471,161472,2518,161474,2518,161476,2522,161478,161480,161481,60],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161473,3775],{},[15,161475,2517],{},[15,161477,8433],{},[15,161479,196],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161482,159943],{},[350,161484,15015,161486,57341,161488,2172],{"id":161485},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161487,2632],{},[15,161489,44937],{},[20,161491,46497,161492,161494,161495,161497],{},[15,161493,2632],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161496,44937],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[350,161499,2196,161501,161504,161505,2172],{"id":161500},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161502,161503],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161506,3775],{},[20,161508,29181,161509,161511,161512,3209,161514,160605],{},[15,161510,3289],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161513,3208],{},[15,161515,3215],{},[350,161517,2184,161519,161521],{"id":161518},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161520,2632],{}," create classes?",[20,161523,161524,161525,60],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161526,161527],{},"type(object)",[288,161529,2221],{"id":2220},[40,161531,161532,161536,161542,161548,161552,161558,161564],{},[43,161533,161534],{},[56,161535,44929],{"href":49111},[43,161537,161538],{},[56,161539,13,161540,3841],{"href":160784},[15,161541,44937],{},[43,161543,161544],{},[56,161545,13,161546,3841],{"href":8559},[15,161547,3289],{},[43,161549,161550],{},[56,161551,9399],{"href":9321},[43,161553,161554],{},[56,161555,13,161556,3841],{"href":3205},[15,161557,3208],{},[43,161559,161560],{},[56,161561,13,161562,3841],{"href":3212},[15,161563,3215],{},[43,161565,161566],{},[56,161567,13,161568,3841],{"href":42305},[15,161569,47816],{},[2250,161571,161572],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":161574},[161575,161576,161578,161579,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161595,161596,161606],{"id":3939,"depth":124,"text":3940},{"id":159949,"depth":124,"text":161577},"What the type() function does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":122023,"depth":124,"text":122024},{"id":160307,"depth":124,"text":161581},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160613,"depth":124,"text":161583},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160789,"depth":124,"text":161585},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160939,"depth":124,"text":161587},"When to use type()",{"id":25475,"depth":124,"text":25476,"children":161589},[161590,161592,161594],{"id":161088,"depth":139,"text":161591},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161148,"depth":139,"text":161593},"input() returns str",{"id":161204,"depth":139,"text":161205},{"id":2053,"depth":124,"text":2054},{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":161597},[161598,161600,161602,161604],{"id":161466,"depth":139,"text":161599},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161485,"depth":139,"text":161601},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161500,"depth":139,"text":161603},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161518,"depth":139,"text":161605},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159783,"description":161607},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161613,"title":161614,"body":161615,"description":164094,"extension":2292,"meta":164095,"navigation":142,"path":164096,"seo":164097,"stem":164098,"__hash__":164099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161616,"toc":164051},[161617,161622,161627,161636,161638,161738,161740,161765,161770,161775,161791,161794,161796,161798,161823,161826,161829,161912,161914,161963,161966,162088,162090,162163,162167,162170,162284,162286,162312,162314,162335,162340,162344,162349,162352,162456,162458,162475,162484,162487,162574,162576,162587,162592,162598,162603,162609,162612,162705,162707,162756,162762,162765,162866,162868,162921,162926,162930,162933,163032,163034,163073,163076,163081,163083,163088,163092,163205,163209,163306,163310,163398,163400,163417,163421,163544,163550,163556,163562,163567,163570,163597,163601,163603,163697,163700,163704,163707,163794,163797,163832,163834,163871,163874,163882,163887,163892,163966,163973,163975,163980,163983,163989,163992,163998,164003,164009,164014,164018,164021,164023,164048],[10,161618,13,161620,18],{"id":161619},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161621,64457],{},[20,161623,161624,161626],{},[15,161625,64457],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161628,161629,161630,161632,161633,161635],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161631,64457],{}," inside a ",[15,161634,6294],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[288,161637,2334],{"id":2333},[62,161639,161641],{"className":64,"code":161640,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161642,161643,161675,161695,161699,161724],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161644,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161646,5332],{"class":77},[71,161648,82],{"class":81},[71,161650,1740],{"class":89},[71,161652,3184],{"class":99},[71,161654,12990],{"class":103},[71,161656,3184],{"class":99},[71,161658,109],{"class":89},[71,161660,3683],{"class":99},[71,161662,36066],{"class":103},[71,161664,3184],{"class":99},[71,161666,109],{"class":89},[71,161668,3683],{"class":99},[71,161670,36075],{"class":103},[71,161672,3184],{"class":99},[71,161674,1757],{"class":89},[71,161676,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161678,5400],{"class":77},[71,161680,82],{"class":81},[71,161682,1740],{"class":89},[71,161684,13613],{"class":117},[71,161686,109],{"class":89},[71,161688,13618],{"class":117},[71,161690,109],{"class":89},[71,161692,29040],{"class":117},[71,161694,1757],{"class":89},[71,161696,161697],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,161698,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,161700,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,161702,6294],{"class":4209},[71,161704,36117],{"class":77},[71,161706,109],{"class":89},[71,161708,5442],{"class":77},[71,161710,4216],{"class":4209},[71,161712,161713],{"class":127}," zip",[71,161715,90],{"class":89},[71,161717,5375],{"class":133},[71,161719,109],{"class":89},[71,161721,5447],{"class":133},[71,161723,8682],{"class":89},[71,161725,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,161727,8408],{"class":127},[71,161729,90],{"class":89},[71,161731,94],{"class":133},[71,161733,109],{"class":89},[71,161735,131001],{"class":133},[71,161737,121],{"class":89},[20,161739,209],{},[62,161741,161743],{"className":64,"code":161742,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161744,161745,161751,161758],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161746,161747,161749],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161748,134020],{"class":77},[71,161750,33258],{"class":117},[71,161752,161753,161756],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161754,161755],{"class":77},"Ben ",[71,161757,33263],{"class":117},[71,161759,161760,161763],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,161761,161762],{"class":77},"Cara ",[71,161764,33268],{"class":117},[20,161766,283,161767,161769],{},[15,161768,64457],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[288,161771,291,161773,294],{"id":161772},"what-zip-does",[15,161774,64457],{},[40,161776,161777,161782,161785,161788],{},[43,161778,161779,161781],{},[15,161780,64457],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[43,161783,161784],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[43,161786,161787],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[43,161789,161790],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161792,161793],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[288,161795,343],{"id":342},[20,161797,7558],{},[62,161799,161801],{"className":64,"code":161800,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161802,161803],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161804,161805,161807,161809,161812,161814,161817,161819,161821],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161806,64527],{"class":127},[71,161808,90],{"class":89},[71,161810,161811],{"class":133},"iterable1",[71,161813,109],{"class":89},[71,161815,161816],{"class":133}," iterable2",[71,161818,109],{"class":89},[71,161820,34577],{"class":127},[71,161822,121],{"class":89},[20,161824,161825],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161827,161828],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[62,161830,161832],{"className":64,"code":161831,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161833,161834,161854,161886,161890],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161835,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161837,3950],{"class":77},[71,161839,82],{"class":81},[71,161841,1740],{"class":89},[71,161843,3320],{"class":117},[71,161845,109],{"class":89},[71,161847,183],{"class":117},[71,161849,109],{"class":89},[71,161851,701],{"class":117},[71,161853,1757],{"class":89},[71,161855,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,161857,36216],{"class":77},[71,161859,82],{"class":81},[71,161861,1740],{"class":89},[71,161863,3184],{"class":99},[71,161865,56],{"class":103},[71,161867,3184],{"class":99},[71,161869,109],{"class":89},[71,161871,3683],{"class":99},[71,161873,176],{"class":103},[71,161875,3184],{"class":99},[71,161877,109],{"class":89},[71,161879,3683],{"class":99},[71,161881,694],{"class":103},[71,161883,3184],{"class":99},[71,161885,1757],{"class":89},[71,161887,161888],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,161889,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,161891,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,161893,128],{"class":127},[71,161895,90],{"class":89},[71,161897,8433],{"class":85},[71,161899,90],{"class":89},[71,161901,64527],{"class":127},[71,161903,90],{"class":89},[71,161905,3980],{"class":133},[71,161907,109],{"class":89},[71,161909,70234],{"class":133},[71,161911,3243],{"class":89},[20,161913,209],{},[62,161915,161917],{"className":64,"code":161916,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161918,161919],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161920,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161922,21857],{"class":89},[71,161924,3320],{"class":117},[71,161926,109],{"class":89},[71,161928,231],{"class":99},[71,161930,56],{"class":103},[71,161932,100],{"class":99},[71,161934,168],{"class":89},[71,161936,171],{"class":89},[71,161938,630],{"class":117},[71,161940,109],{"class":89},[71,161942,231],{"class":99},[71,161944,176],{"class":103},[71,161946,100],{"class":99},[71,161948,168],{"class":89},[71,161950,171],{"class":89},[71,161952,640],{"class":117},[71,161954,109],{"class":89},[71,161956,231],{"class":99},[71,161958,694],{"class":103},[71,161960,100],{"class":99},[71,161962,186],{"class":89},[20,161964,161965],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[62,161967,161969],{"className":64,"code":161968,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161970,161971,162003,162023,162057,162061],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,161972,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,161974,5332],{"class":77},[71,161976,82],{"class":81},[71,161978,1740],{"class":89},[71,161980,3184],{"class":99},[71,161982,12990],{"class":103},[71,161984,3184],{"class":99},[71,161986,109],{"class":89},[71,161988,3683],{"class":99},[71,161990,36066],{"class":103},[71,161992,3184],{"class":99},[71,161994,109],{"class":89},[71,161996,3683],{"class":99},[71,161998,36075],{"class":103},[71,162000,3184],{"class":99},[71,162002,1757],{"class":89},[71,162004,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162006,5400],{"class":77},[71,162008,82],{"class":81},[71,162010,1740],{"class":89},[71,162012,13613],{"class":117},[71,162014,109],{"class":89},[71,162016,13618],{"class":117},[71,162018,109],{"class":89},[71,162020,29040],{"class":117},[71,162022,1757],{"class":89},[71,162024,162025,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162053,162055],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,162026,162027],{"class":77},"grades ",[71,162029,82],{"class":81},[71,162031,1740],{"class":89},[71,162033,3184],{"class":99},[71,162035,22362],{"class":103},[71,162037,3184],{"class":99},[71,162039,109],{"class":89},[71,162041,3683],{"class":99},[71,162043,30721],{"class":103},[71,162045,3184],{"class":99},[71,162047,109],{"class":89},[71,162049,3683],{"class":99},[71,162051,162052],{"class":103},"B+",[71,162054,3184],{"class":99},[71,162056,1757],{"class":89},[71,162058,162059],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,162060,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,162062,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162086],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,162064,128],{"class":127},[71,162066,90],{"class":89},[71,162068,8433],{"class":85},[71,162070,90],{"class":89},[71,162072,64527],{"class":127},[71,162074,90],{"class":89},[71,162076,5375],{"class":133},[71,162078,109],{"class":89},[71,162080,5447],{"class":133},[71,162082,109],{"class":89},[71,162084,162085],{"class":133}," grades",[71,162087,3243],{"class":89},[20,162089,209],{},[62,162091,162093],{"className":64,"code":162092,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162094,162095],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162096,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162098,21857],{"class":89},[71,162100,100],{"class":99},[71,162102,12990],{"class":103},[71,162104,100],{"class":99},[71,162106,109],{"class":89},[71,162108,20014],{"class":117},[71,162110,109],{"class":89},[71,162112,231],{"class":99},[71,162114,22362],{"class":103},[71,162116,100],{"class":99},[71,162118,168],{"class":89},[71,162120,171],{"class":89},[71,162122,100],{"class":99},[71,162124,36066],{"class":103},[71,162126,100],{"class":99},[71,162128,109],{"class":89},[71,162130,13618],{"class":117},[71,162132,109],{"class":89},[71,162134,231],{"class":99},[71,162136,30721],{"class":103},[71,162138,100],{"class":99},[71,162140,168],{"class":89},[71,162142,171],{"class":89},[71,162144,100],{"class":99},[71,162146,36075],{"class":103},[71,162148,100],{"class":99},[71,162150,109],{"class":89},[71,162152,29040],{"class":117},[71,162154,109],{"class":89},[71,162156,231],{"class":99},[71,162158,162052],{"class":103},[71,162160,100],{"class":99},[71,162162,186],{"class":89},[288,162164,162166],{"id":162165},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162168,162169],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[62,162171,162173],{"className":64,"code":162172,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162174,162175,162207,162227,162231,162255],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162176,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162178,5332],{"class":77},[71,162180,82],{"class":81},[71,162182,1740],{"class":89},[71,162184,3184],{"class":99},[71,162186,12990],{"class":103},[71,162188,3184],{"class":99},[71,162190,109],{"class":89},[71,162192,3683],{"class":99},[71,162194,36066],{"class":103},[71,162196,3184],{"class":99},[71,162198,109],{"class":89},[71,162200,3683],{"class":99},[71,162202,36075],{"class":103},[71,162204,3184],{"class":99},[71,162206,1757],{"class":89},[71,162208,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162210,5400],{"class":77},[71,162212,82],{"class":81},[71,162214,1740],{"class":89},[71,162216,13613],{"class":117},[71,162218,109],{"class":89},[71,162220,13618],{"class":117},[71,162222,109],{"class":89},[71,162224,29040],{"class":117},[71,162226,1757],{"class":89},[71,162228,162229],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,162230,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,162232,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,162234,6294],{"class":4209},[71,162236,36117],{"class":77},[71,162238,109],{"class":89},[71,162240,5442],{"class":77},[71,162242,4216],{"class":4209},[71,162244,161713],{"class":127},[71,162246,90],{"class":89},[71,162248,5375],{"class":133},[71,162250,109],{"class":89},[71,162252,5447],{"class":133},[71,162254,8682],{"class":89},[71,162256,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,162258,8408],{"class":127},[71,162260,90],{"class":89},[71,162262,22411],{"class":768},[71,162264,3184],{"class":103},[71,162266,219],{"class":117},[71,162268,94],{"class":133},[71,162270,22420],{"class":117},[71,162272,162273],{"class":103}," scored ",[71,162275,219],{"class":117},[71,162277,85658],{"class":133},[71,162279,22420],{"class":117},[71,162281,3184],{"class":103},[71,162283,121],{"class":89},[20,162285,209],{},[62,162287,162289],{"className":64,"code":162288,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162290,162291,162298,162305],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162292,162293,162296],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162294,162295],{"class":77},"Ana scored ",[71,162297,33258],{"class":117},[71,162299,162300,162303],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162301,162302],{"class":77},"Ben scored ",[71,162304,33263],{"class":117},[71,162306,162307,162310],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,162308,162309],{"class":77},"Cara scored ",[71,162311,33268],{"class":117},[20,162313,45062],{},[40,162315,162316,162325,162328],{},[43,162317,162318,162321,162322],{},[15,162319,162320],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162323,162324],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[43,162326,162327],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[43,162329,162330,1560,162332,162334],{},[15,162331,94],{},[15,162333,85658],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162336,162337,162338,60],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[56,162339,69751],{"href":69750},[288,162341,162343],{"id":162342},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162345,162346,162348],{},[15,162347,64457],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162350,162351],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[62,162353,162355],{"className":64,"code":162354,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162356,162357,162398,162414,162418,162442],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162358,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162394,162396],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162360,5332],{"class":77},[71,162362,82],{"class":81},[71,162364,1740],{"class":89},[71,162366,3184],{"class":99},[71,162368,12990],{"class":103},[71,162370,3184],{"class":99},[71,162372,109],{"class":89},[71,162374,3683],{"class":99},[71,162376,36066],{"class":103},[71,162378,3184],{"class":99},[71,162380,109],{"class":89},[71,162382,3683],{"class":99},[71,162384,36075],{"class":103},[71,162386,3184],{"class":99},[71,162388,109],{"class":89},[71,162390,3683],{"class":99},[71,162392,162393],{"class":103},"Dan",[71,162395,3184],{"class":99},[71,162397,1757],{"class":89},[71,162399,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162401,5400],{"class":77},[71,162403,82],{"class":81},[71,162405,1740],{"class":89},[71,162407,13613],{"class":117},[71,162409,109],{"class":89},[71,162411,13618],{"class":117},[71,162413,1757],{"class":89},[71,162415,162416],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,162417,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,162419,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,162421,6294],{"class":4209},[71,162423,36117],{"class":77},[71,162425,109],{"class":89},[71,162427,5442],{"class":77},[71,162429,4216],{"class":4209},[71,162431,161713],{"class":127},[71,162433,90],{"class":89},[71,162435,5375],{"class":133},[71,162437,109],{"class":89},[71,162439,5447],{"class":133},[71,162441,8682],{"class":89},[71,162443,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,162445,8408],{"class":127},[71,162447,90],{"class":89},[71,162449,94],{"class":133},[71,162451,109],{"class":89},[71,162453,131001],{"class":133},[71,162455,121],{"class":89},[20,162457,209],{},[62,162459,162461],{"className":64,"code":162460,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162462,162463,162469],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162464,162465,162467],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162466,134020],{"class":77},[71,162468,33258],{"class":117},[71,162470,162471,162473],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162472,161755],{"class":77},[71,162474,33263],{"class":117},[20,162476,2616,162477,1560,162480,162483],{},[15,162478,162479],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162481,162482],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162485,162486],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[62,162488,162490],{"className":64,"code":162489,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162491,162492,162532,162548,162552],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162493,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162495,5332],{"class":77},[71,162497,82],{"class":81},[71,162499,1740],{"class":89},[71,162501,3184],{"class":99},[71,162503,12990],{"class":103},[71,162505,3184],{"class":99},[71,162507,109],{"class":89},[71,162509,3683],{"class":99},[71,162511,36066],{"class":103},[71,162513,3184],{"class":99},[71,162515,109],{"class":89},[71,162517,3683],{"class":99},[71,162519,36075],{"class":103},[71,162521,3184],{"class":99},[71,162523,109],{"class":89},[71,162525,3683],{"class":99},[71,162527,162393],{"class":103},[71,162529,3184],{"class":99},[71,162531,1757],{"class":89},[71,162533,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162535,5400],{"class":77},[71,162537,82],{"class":81},[71,162539,1740],{"class":89},[71,162541,13613],{"class":117},[71,162543,109],{"class":89},[71,162545,13618],{"class":117},[71,162547,1757],{"class":89},[71,162549,162550],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,162551,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,162553,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,162555,128],{"class":127},[71,162557,90],{"class":89},[71,162559,2139],{"class":127},[71,162561,90],{"class":89},[71,162563,5375],{"class":133},[71,162565,168],{"class":89},[71,162567,38514],{"class":127},[71,162569,90],{"class":89},[71,162571,16502],{"class":133},[71,162573,204],{"class":89},[20,162575,209],{},[62,162577,162579],{"className":64,"code":162578,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"4 2\n",[15,162580,162581],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162582,162583,162585],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162584,2836],{"class":117},[71,162586,45721],{"class":117},[20,162588,162589,162590,60],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162591,64457],{},[288,162593,92249,162595,162597],{"id":162594},"converting-zip-output",[15,162596,64457],{}," output",[20,162599,29181,162600,162602],{},[15,162601,64457],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[350,162604,283,162606],{"id":162605},"use-listzip",[15,162607,162608],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162610,162611],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[62,162613,162615],{"className":64,"code":162614,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162616,162617,162649,162669,162673,162695],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162618,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162620,5332],{"class":77},[71,162622,82],{"class":81},[71,162624,1740],{"class":89},[71,162626,3184],{"class":99},[71,162628,12990],{"class":103},[71,162630,3184],{"class":99},[71,162632,109],{"class":89},[71,162634,3683],{"class":99},[71,162636,36066],{"class":103},[71,162638,3184],{"class":99},[71,162640,109],{"class":89},[71,162642,3683],{"class":99},[71,162644,36075],{"class":103},[71,162646,3184],{"class":99},[71,162648,1757],{"class":89},[71,162650,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162652,5400],{"class":77},[71,162654,82],{"class":81},[71,162656,1740],{"class":89},[71,162658,13613],{"class":117},[71,162660,109],{"class":89},[71,162662,13618],{"class":117},[71,162664,109],{"class":89},[71,162666,29040],{"class":117},[71,162668,1757],{"class":89},[71,162670,162671],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,162672,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,162674,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,162676,149],{"class":77},[71,162678,82],{"class":81},[71,162680,22677],{"class":85},[71,162682,90],{"class":89},[71,162684,64527],{"class":127},[71,162686,90],{"class":89},[71,162688,5375],{"class":133},[71,162690,109],{"class":89},[71,162692,5447],{"class":133},[71,162694,204],{"class":89},[71,162696,162697,162699,162701,162703],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,162698,128],{"class":127},[71,162700,90],{"class":89},[71,162702,201],{"class":133},[71,162704,121],{"class":89},[20,162706,209],{},[62,162708,162710],{"className":64,"code":162709,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162711,162712],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162713,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162715,21857],{"class":89},[71,162717,100],{"class":99},[71,162719,12990],{"class":103},[71,162721,100],{"class":99},[71,162723,109],{"class":89},[71,162725,20014],{"class":117},[71,162727,168],{"class":89},[71,162729,171],{"class":89},[71,162731,100],{"class":99},[71,162733,36066],{"class":103},[71,162735,100],{"class":99},[71,162737,109],{"class":89},[71,162739,13618],{"class":117},[71,162741,168],{"class":89},[71,162743,171],{"class":89},[71,162745,100],{"class":99},[71,162747,36075],{"class":103},[71,162749,100],{"class":99},[71,162751,109],{"class":89},[71,162753,29040],{"class":117},[71,162755,186],{"class":89},[350,162757,283,162759],{"id":162758},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162760,162761],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162763,162764],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[62,162766,162768],{"className":64,"code":162767,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162769,162770,162802,162830,162834,162856],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162771,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162773,17356],{"class":77},[71,162775,82],{"class":81},[71,162777,1740],{"class":89},[71,162779,3184],{"class":99},[71,162781,94],{"class":103},[71,162783,3184],{"class":99},[71,162785,109],{"class":89},[71,162787,3683],{"class":99},[71,162789,242],{"class":103},[71,162791,3184],{"class":99},[71,162793,109],{"class":89},[71,162795,3683],{"class":99},[71,162797,1373],{"class":103},[71,162799,3184],{"class":99},[71,162801,1757],{"class":89},[71,162803,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162805,4154],{"class":77},[71,162807,82],{"class":81},[71,162809,1740],{"class":89},[71,162811,3184],{"class":99},[71,162813,12990],{"class":103},[71,162815,3184],{"class":99},[71,162817,109],{"class":89},[71,162819,249],{"class":117},[71,162821,109],{"class":89},[71,162823,3683],{"class":99},[71,162825,16144],{"class":103},[71,162827,3184],{"class":99},[71,162829,1757],{"class":89},[71,162831,162832],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,162833,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,162835,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,162837,13315],{"class":77},[71,162839,82],{"class":81},[71,162841,86],{"class":85},[71,162843,90],{"class":89},[71,162845,64527],{"class":127},[71,162847,90],{"class":89},[71,162849,17037],{"class":133},[71,162851,109],{"class":89},[71,162853,4219],{"class":133},[71,162855,204],{"class":89},[71,162857,162858,162860,162862,162864],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,162859,128],{"class":127},[71,162861,90],{"class":89},[71,162863,17421],{"class":133},[71,162865,121],{"class":89},[20,162867,209],{},[62,162869,162871],{"className":64,"code":162870,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162872,162873],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162874,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162876,219],{"class":89},[71,162878,100],{"class":99},[71,162880,94],{"class":103},[71,162882,100],{"class":99},[71,162884,228],{"class":89},[71,162886,231],{"class":99},[71,162888,12990],{"class":103},[71,162890,100],{"class":99},[71,162892,109],{"class":89},[71,162894,231],{"class":99},[71,162896,242],{"class":103},[71,162898,100],{"class":99},[71,162900,228],{"class":89},[71,162902,249],{"class":117},[71,162904,109],{"class":89},[71,162906,231],{"class":99},[71,162908,1373],{"class":103},[71,162910,100],{"class":99},[71,162912,228],{"class":89},[71,162914,231],{"class":99},[71,162916,16144],{"class":103},[71,162918,100],{"class":99},[71,162920,252],{"class":89},[20,162922,162923,162924,60],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[56,162925,31208],{"href":31207},[350,162927,162929],{"id":162928},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162931,162932],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[62,162934,162936],{"className":64,"code":162935,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162937,162938,162962,162978,162982,163000,163004,163018],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,162939,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,162941,5332],{"class":77},[71,162943,82],{"class":81},[71,162945,1740],{"class":89},[71,162947,3184],{"class":99},[71,162949,12990],{"class":103},[71,162951,3184],{"class":99},[71,162953,109],{"class":89},[71,162955,3683],{"class":99},[71,162957,36066],{"class":103},[71,162959,3184],{"class":99},[71,162961,1757],{"class":89},[71,162963,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,162965,5400],{"class":77},[71,162967,82],{"class":81},[71,162969,1740],{"class":89},[71,162971,13613],{"class":117},[71,162973,109],{"class":89},[71,162975,13618],{"class":117},[71,162977,1757],{"class":89},[71,162979,162980],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,162981,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,162983,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,162985,149],{"class":77},[71,162987,82],{"class":81},[71,162989,161713],{"class":127},[71,162991,90],{"class":89},[71,162993,5375],{"class":133},[71,162995,109],{"class":89},[71,162997,5447],{"class":133},[71,162999,121],{"class":89},[71,163001,163002],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,163003,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163005,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,163007,128],{"class":127},[71,163009,90],{"class":89},[71,163011,8433],{"class":85},[71,163013,90],{"class":89},[71,163015,201],{"class":133},[71,163017,204],{"class":89},[71,163019,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,163021,128],{"class":127},[71,163023,90],{"class":89},[71,163025,8433],{"class":85},[71,163027,90],{"class":89},[71,163029,201],{"class":133},[71,163031,204],{"class":89},[20,163033,209],{},[62,163035,163037],{"className":64,"code":163036,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163038,163039,163069],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163040,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049,163051,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163042,21857],{"class":89},[71,163044,100],{"class":99},[71,163046,12990],{"class":103},[71,163048,100],{"class":99},[71,163050,109],{"class":89},[71,163052,20014],{"class":117},[71,163054,168],{"class":89},[71,163056,171],{"class":89},[71,163058,100],{"class":99},[71,163060,36066],{"class":103},[71,163062,100],{"class":99},[71,163064,109],{"class":89},[71,163066,13618],{"class":117},[71,163068,186],{"class":89},[71,163070,163071],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163072,38425],{"class":89},[20,163074,163075],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163077,163078,163079,60],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[56,163080,5473],{"href":5922},[288,163082,41175],{"id":41174},[20,163084,163085,163086,60],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163087,64457],{},[350,163089,163091],{"id":163090},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[62,163093,163095],{"className":64,"code":163094,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163096,163097,163129,163149,163153,163177],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163098,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163100,5332],{"class":77},[71,163102,82],{"class":81},[71,163104,1740],{"class":89},[71,163106,3184],{"class":99},[71,163108,12990],{"class":103},[71,163110,3184],{"class":99},[71,163112,109],{"class":89},[71,163114,3683],{"class":99},[71,163116,36066],{"class":103},[71,163118,3184],{"class":99},[71,163120,109],{"class":89},[71,163122,3683],{"class":99},[71,163124,36075],{"class":103},[71,163126,3184],{"class":99},[71,163128,1757],{"class":89},[71,163130,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163132,5400],{"class":77},[71,163134,82],{"class":81},[71,163136,1740],{"class":89},[71,163138,13613],{"class":117},[71,163140,109],{"class":89},[71,163142,13618],{"class":117},[71,163144,109],{"class":89},[71,163146,29040],{"class":117},[71,163148,1757],{"class":89},[71,163150,163151],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,163152,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163154,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,163156,6294],{"class":4209},[71,163158,36117],{"class":77},[71,163160,109],{"class":89},[71,163162,5442],{"class":77},[71,163164,4216],{"class":4209},[71,163166,161713],{"class":127},[71,163168,90],{"class":89},[71,163170,5375],{"class":133},[71,163172,109],{"class":89},[71,163174,5447],{"class":133},[71,163176,8682],{"class":89},[71,163178,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,163180,8408],{"class":127},[71,163182,90],{"class":89},[71,163184,22411],{"class":768},[71,163186,3184],{"class":103},[71,163188,219],{"class":117},[71,163190,94],{"class":133},[71,163192,22420],{"class":117},[71,163194,22423],{"class":103},[71,163196,219],{"class":117},[71,163198,85658],{"class":133},[71,163200,22420],{"class":117},[71,163202,3184],{"class":103},[71,163204,121],{"class":89},[350,163206,163208],{"id":163207},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[62,163210,163212],{"className":64,"code":163211,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163213,163214,163246,163270,163274,163296],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163215,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242,163244],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163217,17356],{"class":77},[71,163219,82],{"class":81},[71,163221,1740],{"class":89},[71,163223,3184],{"class":99},[71,163225,12758],{"class":103},[71,163227,3184],{"class":99},[71,163229,109],{"class":89},[71,163231,3683],{"class":99},[71,163233,94],{"class":103},[71,163235,3184],{"class":99},[71,163237,109],{"class":89},[71,163239,3683],{"class":99},[71,163241,15934],{"class":103},[71,163243,3184],{"class":99},[71,163245,1757],{"class":89},[71,163247,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163249,4154],{"class":77},[71,163251,82],{"class":81},[71,163253,1740],{"class":89},[71,163255,46724],{"class":117},[71,163257,109],{"class":89},[71,163259,3683],{"class":99},[71,163261,12990],{"class":103},[71,163263,3184],{"class":99},[71,163265,109],{"class":89},[71,163267,4250],{"class":4184},[71,163269,1757],{"class":89},[71,163271,163272],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,163273,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163275,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,163277,78],{"class":77},[71,163279,82],{"class":81},[71,163281,86],{"class":85},[71,163283,90],{"class":89},[71,163285,64527],{"class":127},[71,163287,90],{"class":89},[71,163289,17037],{"class":133},[71,163291,109],{"class":89},[71,163293,4219],{"class":133},[71,163295,204],{"class":89},[71,163297,163298,163300,163302,163304],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,163299,128],{"class":127},[71,163301,90],{"class":89},[71,163303,134],{"class":133},[71,163305,121],{"class":89},[350,163307,163309],{"id":163308},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[62,163311,163313],{"className":64,"code":163312,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163314,163315,163335,163355,163359,163384],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163316,163317,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331,163333],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163318,80796],{"class":77},[71,163320,82],{"class":81},[71,163322,1740],{"class":89},[71,163324,2661],{"class":117},[71,163326,109],{"class":89},[71,163328,8129],{"class":117},[71,163330,109],{"class":89},[71,163332,8134],{"class":117},[71,163334,1757],{"class":89},[71,163336,163337,163339,163341,163343,163345,163347,163349,163351,163353],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163338,80817],{"class":77},[71,163340,82],{"class":81},[71,163342,1740],{"class":89},[71,163344,2661],{"class":117},[71,163346,109],{"class":89},[71,163348,249],{"class":117},[71,163350,109],{"class":89},[71,163352,8134],{"class":117},[71,163354,1757],{"class":89},[71,163356,163357],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,163358,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163360,163361,163363,163365,163367,163370,163372,163374,163376,163378,163380,163382],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,163362,6294],{"class":4209},[71,163364,57023],{"class":77},[71,163366,109],{"class":89},[71,163368,163369],{"class":77}," b ",[71,163371,4216],{"class":4209},[71,163373,161713],{"class":127},[71,163375,90],{"class":89},[71,163377,111888],{"class":133},[71,163379,109],{"class":89},[71,163381,80860],{"class":133},[71,163383,8682],{"class":89},[71,163385,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,163387,8408],{"class":127},[71,163389,90],{"class":89},[71,163391,2886],{"class":133},[71,163393,5025],{"class":81},[71,163395,625],{"class":133},[71,163397,121],{"class":89},[20,163399,209],{},[62,163401,163403],{"className":64,"code":163402,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163404,163405,163409,163413],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163406,163407],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163408,4314],{"class":4184},[71,163410,163411],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163412,4375],{"class":4184},[71,163414,163415],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,163416,4314],{"class":4184},[350,163418,163420],{"id":163419},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[62,163422,163424],{"className":64,"code":163423,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163425,163426,163461,163484,163488,163515],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163427,163428,163431,163433,163435,163437,163439,163441,163443,163445,163448,163450,163452,163454,163457,163459],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163429,163430],{"class":77},"products ",[71,163432,82],{"class":81},[71,163434,1740],{"class":89},[71,163436,3184],{"class":99},[71,163438,25259],{"class":103},[71,163440,3184],{"class":99},[71,163442,109],{"class":89},[71,163444,3683],{"class":99},[71,163446,163447],{"class":103},"Pen",[71,163449,3184],{"class":99},[71,163451,109],{"class":89},[71,163453,3683],{"class":99},[71,163455,163456],{"class":103},"Bag",[71,163458,3184],{"class":99},[71,163460,1757],{"class":89},[71,163462,163463,163465,163467,163469,163472,163474,163477,163479,163482],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163464,83186],{"class":77},[71,163466,82],{"class":81},[71,163468,1740],{"class":89},[71,163470,163471],{"class":117},"12.5",[71,163473,109],{"class":89},[71,163475,163476],{"class":117}," 1.2",[71,163478,109],{"class":89},[71,163480,163481],{"class":117}," 25.0",[71,163483,1757],{"class":89},[71,163485,163486],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,163487,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163489,163490,163492,163494,163496,163499,163501,163503,163505,163508,163510,163513],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,163491,6294],{"class":4209},[71,163493,25320],{"class":77},[71,163495,109],{"class":89},[71,163497,163498],{"class":77}," price ",[71,163500,4216],{"class":4209},[71,163502,161713],{"class":127},[71,163504,90],{"class":89},[71,163506,163507],{"class":133},"products",[71,163509,109],{"class":89},[71,163511,163512],{"class":133}," prices",[71,163514,8682],{"class":89},[71,163516,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,163518,8408],{"class":127},[71,163520,90],{"class":89},[71,163522,22411],{"class":768},[71,163524,3184],{"class":103},[71,163526,219],{"class":117},[71,163528,27128],{"class":133},[71,163530,22420],{"class":117},[71,163532,163533],{"class":103}," costs $",[71,163535,219],{"class":117},[71,163537,25268],{"class":133},[71,163539,22420],{"class":117},[71,163541,3184],{"class":103},[71,163543,121],{"class":89},[20,163545,36728,163546,60],{},[56,163547,163549],{"href":163548},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[288,163551,163553,163554],{"id":163552},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163555,64457],{},[350,163557,8794,163559,163561],{"id":163558},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163560,64457],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163563,163564,163566],{},[15,163565,64457],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163568,163569],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[62,163571,163573],{"className":64,"code":163572,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163574,163575],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163576,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163578,128],{"class":127},[71,163580,90],{"class":89},[71,163582,2139],{"class":127},[71,163584,90],{"class":89},[71,163586,111888],{"class":133},[71,163588,168],{"class":89},[71,163590,38514],{"class":127},[71,163592,90],{"class":89},[71,163594,81083],{"class":133},[71,163596,204],{"class":89},[350,163598,163600],{"id":163599},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163602,68974],{},[62,163604,163606],{"className":64,"code":163605,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163607,163608,163644,163648,163661,163671,163675,163687],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163609,163610,163612,163614,163616,163618,163620,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634,163636,163638,163640,163642],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163611,149],{"class":77},[71,163613,82],{"class":81},[71,163615,161713],{"class":127},[71,163617,3317],{"class":89},[71,163619,3320],{"class":117},[71,163621,109],{"class":89},[71,163623,183],{"class":117},[71,163625,18177],{"class":89},[71,163627,1740],{"class":89},[71,163629,3184],{"class":99},[71,163631,56],{"class":103},[71,163633,3184],{"class":99},[71,163635,109],{"class":89},[71,163637,3683],{"class":99},[71,163639,176],{"class":103},[71,163641,3184],{"class":99},[71,163643,4222],{"class":89},[71,163645,163646],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163647,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163649,163650,163652,163654,163656,163659],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,163651,6294],{"class":4209},[71,163653,6297],{"class":77},[71,163655,4216],{"class":4209},[71,163657,163658],{"class":77}," pairs",[71,163660,6731],{"class":89},[71,163662,163663,163665,163667,163669],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,163664,8408],{"class":127},[71,163666,90],{"class":89},[71,163668,23428],{"class":133},[71,163670,121],{"class":89},[71,163672,163673],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,163674,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685],{"class":73,"line":3734},[71,163678,6294],{"class":4209},[71,163680,6297],{"class":77},[71,163682,4216],{"class":4209},[71,163684,163658],{"class":77},[71,163686,6731],{"class":89},[71,163688,163689,163691,163693,163695],{"class":73,"line":6753},[71,163690,8408],{"class":127},[71,163692,90],{"class":89},[71,163694,23428],{"class":133},[71,163696,121],{"class":89},[20,163698,163699],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[350,163701,163703],{"id":163702},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163705,163706],{},"This is correct:",[62,163708,163710],{"className":64,"code":163709,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163711,163712,163736,163752,163756,163780],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163713,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728,163730,163732,163734],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163715,5332],{"class":77},[71,163717,82],{"class":81},[71,163719,1740],{"class":89},[71,163721,3184],{"class":99},[71,163723,12990],{"class":103},[71,163725,3184],{"class":99},[71,163727,109],{"class":89},[71,163729,3683],{"class":99},[71,163731,36066],{"class":103},[71,163733,3184],{"class":99},[71,163735,1757],{"class":89},[71,163737,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746,163748,163750],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163739,5400],{"class":77},[71,163741,82],{"class":81},[71,163743,1740],{"class":89},[71,163745,13613],{"class":117},[71,163747,109],{"class":89},[71,163749,13618],{"class":117},[71,163751,1757],{"class":89},[71,163753,163754],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,163755,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163757,163758,163760,163762,163764,163766,163768,163770,163772,163774,163776,163778],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,163759,6294],{"class":4209},[71,163761,36117],{"class":77},[71,163763,109],{"class":89},[71,163765,5442],{"class":77},[71,163767,4216],{"class":4209},[71,163769,161713],{"class":127},[71,163771,90],{"class":89},[71,163773,5375],{"class":133},[71,163775,109],{"class":89},[71,163777,5447],{"class":133},[71,163779,8682],{"class":89},[71,163781,163782,163784,163786,163788,163790,163792],{"class":73,"line":189},[71,163783,8408],{"class":127},[71,163785,90],{"class":89},[71,163787,94],{"class":133},[71,163789,109],{"class":89},[71,163791,131001],{"class":133},[71,163793,121],{"class":89},[20,163795,163796],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[62,163798,163800],{"className":64,"code":163799,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163801,163802,163822],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163803,163804,163806,163808,163810,163812,163814,163816,163818,163820],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163805,6294],{"class":4209},[71,163807,6297],{"class":77},[71,163809,4216],{"class":4209},[71,163811,161713],{"class":127},[71,163813,90],{"class":89},[71,163815,5375],{"class":133},[71,163817,109],{"class":89},[71,163819,5447],{"class":133},[71,163821,8682],{"class":89},[71,163823,163824,163826,163828,163830],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163825,8408],{"class":127},[71,163827,90],{"class":89},[71,163829,23428],{"class":133},[71,163831,121],{"class":89},[20,163833,209],{},[62,163835,163837],{"className":64,"code":163836,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163838,163839,163855],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163840,163841,163843,163845,163847,163849,163851,163853],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163842,90],{"class":89},[71,163844,100],{"class":99},[71,163846,12990],{"class":103},[71,163848,100],{"class":99},[71,163850,109],{"class":89},[71,163852,20014],{"class":117},[71,163854,121],{"class":89},[71,163856,163857,163859,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163858,90],{"class":89},[71,163860,100],{"class":99},[71,163862,36066],{"class":103},[71,163864,100],{"class":99},[71,163866,109],{"class":89},[71,163868,13618],{"class":117},[71,163870,121],{"class":89},[20,163872,163873],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[350,163875,8758,163877,163879,163880],{"id":163876},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163878,64457],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163881,35874],{},[20,163883,283,163884,163886],{},[15,163885,64457],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163888,283,163889,163891],{},[15,163890,35874],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[62,163893,163894],{"className":64,"code":36043,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},[15,163895,163896,163928,163932,163952],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,163897,163898,163900,163902,163904,163906,163908,163910,163912,163914,163916,163918,163920,163922,163924,163926],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,163899,5332],{"class":77},[71,163901,82],{"class":81},[71,163903,1740],{"class":89},[71,163905,3184],{"class":99},[71,163907,12990],{"class":103},[71,163909,3184],{"class":99},[71,163911,109],{"class":89},[71,163913,3683],{"class":99},[71,163915,36066],{"class":103},[71,163917,3184],{"class":99},[71,163919,109],{"class":89},[71,163921,3683],{"class":99},[71,163923,36075],{"class":103},[71,163925,3184],{"class":99},[71,163927,1757],{"class":89},[71,163929,163930],{"class":73,"line":124},[71,163931,143],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":142},[71,163933,163934,163936,163938,163940,163942,163944,163946,163948,163950],{"class":73,"line":139},[71,163935,6294],{"class":4209},[71,163937,35946],{"class":77},[71,163939,109],{"class":89},[71,163941,36094],{"class":77},[71,163943,4216],{"class":4209},[71,163945,35956],{"class":127},[71,163947,90],{"class":89},[71,163949,5375],{"class":133},[71,163951,8682],{"class":89},[71,163953,163954,163956,163958,163960,163962,163964],{"class":73,"line":146},[71,163955,8408],{"class":127},[71,163957,90],{"class":89},[71,163959,35971],{"class":133},[71,163961,109],{"class":89},[71,163963,36117],{"class":133},[71,163965,121],{"class":89},[20,163967,163968,163969,60],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[56,163970,13,163971,3841],{"href":92161},[15,163972,35874],{},[288,163974,2163],{"id":2162},[350,163976,5479,163978,5482],{"id":163977},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163979,64457],{},[20,163981,163982],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[350,163984,12813,163986,163988],{"id":163985},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163987,64457],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163990,163991],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[350,163993,163995,163996,2172],{"id":163994},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163997,64457],{},[20,163999,164000,164001,60],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164002,162608],{},[350,164004,164006,164007,2172],{"id":164005},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164008,64457],{},[20,164010,128366,164011,164013],{},[15,164012,162761],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[350,164015,164017],{"id":164016},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164019,164020],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[288,164022,2221],{"id":2220},[40,164024,164025,164030,164036,164040,164044],{},[43,164026,164027],{},[56,164028,164029],{"href":163548},"How to use zip in Python",[43,164031,164032],{},[56,164033,13,164034,3841],{"href":92161},[15,164035,35874],{},[43,164037,164038],{},[56,164039,5551],{"href":5922},[43,164041,164042],{},[56,164043,69827],{"href":69750},[43,164045,164046],{},[56,164047,32382],{"href":31207},[2250,164049,164050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":67,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":164052},[164053,164054,164056,164057,164058,164059,164067,164073,164082,164093],{"id":2333,"depth":124,"text":2334},{"id":161772,"depth":124,"text":164055},"What zip() does",{"id":342,"depth":124,"text":343},{"id":162165,"depth":124,"text":162166},{"id":162342,"depth":124,"text":162343},{"id":162594,"depth":124,"text":164060,"children":164061},"Converting zip() output",[164062,164064,164066],{"id":162605,"depth":139,"text":164063},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162758,"depth":139,"text":164065},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162928,"depth":139,"text":162929},{"id":41174,"depth":124,"text":41175,"children":164068},[164069,164070,164071,164072],{"id":163090,"depth":139,"text":163091},{"id":163207,"depth":139,"text":163208},{"id":163308,"depth":139,"text":163309},{"id":163419,"depth":139,"text":163420},{"id":163552,"depth":124,"text":164074,"children":164075},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164076,164078,164079,164080],{"id":163558,"depth":139,"text":164077},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163599,"depth":139,"text":163600},{"id":163702,"depth":139,"text":163703},{"id":163876,"depth":139,"text":164081},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2162,"depth":124,"text":2163,"children":164083},[164084,164086,164088,164090,164092],{"id":163977,"depth":139,"text":164085},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163985,"depth":139,"text":164087},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163994,"depth":139,"text":164089},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164005,"depth":139,"text":164091},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164016,"depth":139,"text":164017},{"id":2220,"depth":124,"text":2221},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161614,"description":164094},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945101732]