[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163467},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method":3,"nav-reference":1638},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1631,"extension":1632,"meta":1633,"navigation":312,"path":1634,"seo":1635,"stem":1636,"__hash__":1637},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1600},"minimark",[9,19,26,34,39,136,141,148,154,176,179,186,190,206,209,222,226,229,378,381,451,454,470,476,483,486,571,574,590,595,602,667,669,677,680,703,709,772,778,781,795,808,812,823,828,839,846,850,856,979,981,1008,1011,1029,1032,1143,1145,1195,1198,1211,1220,1226,1231,1242,1245,1349,1373,1377,1382,1402,1405,1466,1469,1495,1499,1506,1509,1516,1521,1530,1538,1544,1547,1551,1596],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"clear()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,27,28,29,33],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[30,31,32],"strong",{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[35,36,38],"h2",{"id":37},"quick-example","Quick example",[40,41,46],"pre",{"className":42,"code":43,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n","python","",[15,47,48,101,117],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50,53,57,61,65,69,73,75,78,82,85,88,91,93,95,98],"span",{"class":51,"line":52},"line",1,[49,54,56],{"class":55},"su5hD","data ",[49,58,60],{"class":59},"smGrS","=",[49,62,64],{"class":63},"sP7_E"," {",[49,66,68],{"class":67},"sjJ54","\"",[49,70,72],{"class":71},"s_sjI","a",[49,74,68],{"class":67},[49,76,77],{"class":63},":",[49,79,81],{"class":80},"srdBf"," 1",[49,83,84],{"class":63},",",[49,86,87],{"class":67}," \"",[49,89,90],{"class":71},"b",[49,92,68],{"class":67},[49,94,77],{"class":63},[49,96,97],{"class":80}," 2",[49,99,100],{"class":63},"}\n",[49,102,104,107,110,114],{"class":51,"line":103},2,[49,105,106],{"class":55},"data",[49,108,109],{"class":63},".",[49,111,113],{"class":112},"slqww","clear",[49,115,116],{"class":63},"()\n",[49,118,120,124,127,129,132],{"class":51,"line":119},3,[49,121,123],{"class":122},"sptTA","print",[49,125,126],{"class":63},"(",[49,128,106],{"class":112},[49,130,131],{"class":63},")",[49,133,135],{"class":134},"sutJx","  # {}\n",[20,137,138,140],{},[15,139,17],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[35,142,144,145,147],{"id":143},"what-clear-does","What ",[15,146,17],{}," does",[20,149,150,151,153],{},"The ",[15,152,17],{}," method:",[155,156,157,161,164,170],"ul",{},[158,159,160],"li",{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[158,162,163],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[158,165,166,167],{},"Returns ",[15,168,169],{},"None",[158,171,172,173],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,174,175],{},"{}",[20,177,178],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,180,181,182,109],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[72,183,185],{"href":184},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,187,189],{"id":188},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[40,191,193],{"className":42,"code":192,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,194,195],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,196,197,200,202,204],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,198,199],{"class":55},"my_dict",[49,201,109],{"class":63},[49,203,113],{"class":112},[49,205,116],{"class":63},[20,207,208],{},"Important points:",[155,210,211,216,219],{},[158,212,213,215],{},[15,214,17],{}," takes no arguments",[158,217,218],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[158,220,221],{},"It empties that dictionary",[35,223,225],{"id":224},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,227,228],{},"Here is a basic example:",[40,230,232],{"className":42,"code":231,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,233,234,244,266,282,302,307,314,336,341,353,358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,235,236,239,241],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,237,238],{"class":55},"user ",[49,240,60],{"class":59},[49,242,243],{"class":63}," {\n",[49,245,246,249,252,254,256,258,261,263],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,247,248],{"class":67},"    \"",[49,250,251],{"class":71},"name",[49,253,68],{"class":67},[49,255,77],{"class":63},[49,257,87],{"class":67},[49,259,260],{"class":71},"Maya",[49,262,68],{"class":67},[49,264,265],{"class":63},",\n",[49,267,268,270,273,275,277,280],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,269,248],{"class":67},[49,271,272],{"class":71},"age",[49,274,68],{"class":67},[49,276,77],{"class":63},[49,278,279],{"class":80}," 25",[49,281,265],{"class":63},[49,283,285,287,290,292,294,296,299],{"class":51,"line":284},4,[49,286,248],{"class":67},[49,288,289],{"class":71},"city",[49,291,68],{"class":67},[49,293,77],{"class":63},[49,295,87],{"class":67},[49,297,298],{"class":71},"Berlin",[49,300,301],{"class":67},"\"\n",[49,303,305],{"class":51,"line":304},5,[49,306,100],{"class":63},[49,308,310],{"class":51,"line":309},6,[49,311,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},true,"\n",[49,315,317,319,321,323,326,328,330,333],{"class":51,"line":316},7,[49,318,123],{"class":122},[49,320,126],{"class":63},[49,322,68],{"class":67},[49,324,325],{"class":71},"Before:",[49,327,68],{"class":67},[49,329,84],{"class":63},[49,331,332],{"class":112}," user",[49,334,335],{"class":63},")\n",[49,337,339],{"class":51,"line":338},8,[49,340,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,342,344,347,349,351],{"class":51,"line":343},9,[49,345,346],{"class":55},"user",[49,348,109],{"class":63},[49,350,113],{"class":112},[49,352,116],{"class":63},[49,354,356],{"class":51,"line":355},10,[49,357,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,359,361,363,365,367,370,372,374,376],{"class":51,"line":360},11,[49,362,123],{"class":122},[49,364,126],{"class":63},[49,366,68],{"class":67},[49,368,369],{"class":71},"After:",[49,371,68],{"class":67},[49,373,84],{"class":63},[49,375,332],{"class":112},[49,377,335],{"class":63},[20,379,380],{},"Expected output:",[40,382,384],{"className":42,"code":383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,385,386,441],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,387,388,391,393,395,398,400,402,404,407,409,411,413,415,417,419,421,423,425,427,429,431,433,435,437,439],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,389,390],{"class":55},"Before",[49,392,77],{"class":63},[49,394,64],{"class":63},[49,396,397],{"class":67},"'",[49,399,251],{"class":71},[49,401,397],{"class":67},[49,403,77],{"class":63},[49,405,406],{"class":67}," '",[49,408,260],{"class":71},[49,410,397],{"class":67},[49,412,84],{"class":63},[49,414,406],{"class":67},[49,416,272],{"class":71},[49,418,397],{"class":67},[49,420,77],{"class":63},[49,422,279],{"class":80},[49,424,84],{"class":63},[49,426,406],{"class":67},[49,428,289],{"class":71},[49,430,397],{"class":67},[49,432,77],{"class":63},[49,434,406],{"class":67},[49,436,298],{"class":71},[49,438,397],{"class":67},[49,440,100],{"class":63},[49,442,443,446,448],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,444,445],{"class":55},"After",[49,447,77],{"class":63},[49,449,450],{"class":63}," {}\n",[20,452,453],{},"What happens here:",[155,455,456,461,467],{},[158,457,458,460],{},[15,459,346],{}," starts with three items",[158,462,463,466],{},[15,464,465],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[158,468,469],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[35,471,144,473,475],{"id":472},"what-clear-returns",[15,474,17],{}," returns",[20,477,478,480,481,109],{},[15,479,17],{}," returns ",[15,482,169],{},[20,484,485],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[40,487,489],{"className":42,"code":488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,490,491,526,530,546,550,561],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,492,493,496,498,500,502,505,507,509,511,513,515,518,520,522,524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,494,495],{"class":55},"my_dict ",[49,497,60],{"class":59},[49,499,64],{"class":63},[49,501,68],{"class":67},[49,503,504],{"class":71},"x",[49,506,68],{"class":67},[49,508,77],{"class":63},[49,510,81],{"class":80},[49,512,84],{"class":63},[49,514,87],{"class":67},[49,516,517],{"class":71},"y",[49,519,68],{"class":67},[49,521,77],{"class":63},[49,523,97],{"class":80},[49,525,100],{"class":63},[49,527,528],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,529,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,531,532,535,537,540,542,544],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,533,534],{"class":55},"result ",[49,536,60],{"class":59},[49,538,539],{"class":55}," my_dict",[49,541,109],{"class":63},[49,543,113],{"class":112},[49,545,116],{"class":63},[49,547,548],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,549,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,551,552,554,556,559],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,553,123],{"class":122},[49,555,126],{"class":63},[49,557,558],{"class":112},"result",[49,560,335],{"class":63},[49,562,563,565,567,569],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,564,123],{"class":122},[49,566,126],{"class":63},[49,568,199],{"class":112},[49,570,335],{"class":63},[20,572,573],{},"Output:",[40,575,577],{"className":42,"code":576,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n{}\n",[15,578,579,585],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,580,581],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,582,584],{"class":583},"s39Yj","None\n",[49,586,587],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,588,589],{"class":63},"{}\n",[591,592,594],"h3",{"id":593},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,596,597,598,601],{},"Do ",[30,599,600],{},"not"," do this:",[40,603,605],{"className":42,"code":604,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,606,607,639,653,657],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,608,609,611,613,615,617,619,621,623,625,627,629,631,633,635,637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,610,495],{"class":55},[49,612,60],{"class":59},[49,614,64],{"class":63},[49,616,68],{"class":67},[49,618,504],{"class":71},[49,620,68],{"class":67},[49,622,77],{"class":63},[49,624,81],{"class":80},[49,626,84],{"class":63},[49,628,87],{"class":67},[49,630,517],{"class":71},[49,632,68],{"class":67},[49,634,77],{"class":63},[49,636,97],{"class":80},[49,638,100],{"class":63},[49,640,641,643,645,647,649,651],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,642,495],{"class":55},[49,644,60],{"class":59},[49,646,539],{"class":55},[49,648,109],{"class":63},[49,650,113],{"class":112},[49,652,116],{"class":63},[49,654,655],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,656,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,658,659,661,663,665],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,660,123],{"class":122},[49,662,126],{"class":63},[49,664,199],{"class":112},[49,666,335],{"class":63},[20,668,573],{},[40,670,671],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,672,673],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,674,675],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,676,584],{"class":583},[20,678,679],{},"Why this happens:",[155,681,682,688,693],{},[158,683,684,687],{},[15,685,686],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[158,689,690,691],{},"The method returns ",[15,692,169],{},[158,694,695,696,699,700,702],{},"Then ",[15,697,698],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,701,169],{}," in the variable",[20,704,705,706,708],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,707,17],{}," by itself:",[40,710,712],{"className":42,"code":711,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,713,714,746,756,760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,715,716,718,720,722,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738,740,742,744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,717,495],{"class":55},[49,719,60],{"class":59},[49,721,64],{"class":63},[49,723,68],{"class":67},[49,725,504],{"class":71},[49,727,68],{"class":67},[49,729,77],{"class":63},[49,731,81],{"class":80},[49,733,84],{"class":63},[49,735,87],{"class":67},[49,737,517],{"class":71},[49,739,68],{"class":67},[49,741,77],{"class":63},[49,743,97],{"class":80},[49,745,100],{"class":63},[49,747,748,750,752,754],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,749,199],{"class":55},[49,751,109],{"class":63},[49,753,113],{"class":112},[49,755,116],{"class":63},[49,757,758],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,759,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,761,762,764,766,768,770],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,763,123],{"class":122},[49,765,126],{"class":63},[49,767,199],{"class":112},[49,769,131],{"class":63},[49,771,135],{"class":134},[35,773,775,777],{"id":774},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,776,17],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,779,780],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[40,782,783],{"className":42,"code":192,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,784,785],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,786,787,789,791,793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,788,199],{"class":55},[49,790,109],{"class":63},[49,792,113],{"class":112},[49,794,116],{"class":63},[40,796,798],{"className":42,"code":797,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,799,800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,801,802,804,806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,803,495],{"class":55},[49,805,60],{"class":59},[49,807,450],{"class":63},[591,809,810],{"id":113},[15,811,17],{},[155,813,814,817,820],{},[158,815,816],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[158,818,819],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[158,821,822],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[591,824,825],{"id":199},[15,826,827],{},"my_dict = {}",[155,829,830,833,836],{},[158,831,832],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[158,834,835],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[158,837,838],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,840,841,842,109],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[72,843,845],{"href":844},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[35,847,849],{"id":848},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,851,852,853,855],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,854,17],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[40,857,859],{"className":42,"code":858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,860,861,894,904,908,919,923,943,963],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,862,863,866,868,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,864,865],{"class":55},"original ",[49,867,60],{"class":59},[49,869,64],{"class":63},[49,871,68],{"class":67},[49,873,72],{"class":71},[49,875,68],{"class":67},[49,877,77],{"class":63},[49,879,81],{"class":80},[49,881,84],{"class":63},[49,883,87],{"class":67},[49,885,90],{"class":71},[49,887,68],{"class":67},[49,889,77],{"class":63},[49,891,97],{"class":80},[49,893,100],{"class":63},[49,895,896,899,901],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,897,898],{"class":55},"other_ref ",[49,900,60],{"class":59},[49,902,903],{"class":55}," original\n",[49,905,906],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,907,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,909,910,913,915,917],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,911,912],{"class":55},"original",[49,914,109],{"class":63},[49,916,113],{"class":112},[49,918,116],{"class":63},[49,920,921],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,922,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,924,925,927,929,931,934,936,938,941],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,926,123],{"class":122},[49,928,126],{"class":63},[49,930,68],{"class":67},[49,932,933],{"class":71},"original:",[49,935,68],{"class":67},[49,937,84],{"class":63},[49,939,940],{"class":112}," original",[49,942,335],{"class":63},[49,944,945,947,949,951,954,956,958,961],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,946,123],{"class":122},[49,948,126],{"class":63},[49,950,68],{"class":67},[49,952,953],{"class":71},"other_ref:",[49,955,68],{"class":67},[49,957,84],{"class":63},[49,959,960],{"class":112}," other_ref",[49,962,335],{"class":63},[49,964,965,967,969,971,975,977],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,966,123],{"class":122},[49,968,126],{"class":63},[49,970,865],{"class":112},[49,972,974],{"class":973},"sVHd0","is",[49,976,960],{"class":112},[49,978,335],{"class":63},[20,980,573],{},[40,982,984],{"className":42,"code":983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,985,986,994,1003],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,987,988,990,992],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,989,912],{"class":55},[49,991,77],{"class":63},[49,993,450],{"class":63},[49,995,996,999,1001],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,997,998],{"class":55},"other_ref",[49,1000,77],{"class":63},[49,1002,450],{"class":63},[49,1004,1005],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,1006,1007],{"class":583},"True\n",[20,1009,1010],{},"This shows:",[155,1012,1013,1021,1026],{},[158,1014,1015,1017,1018,1020],{},[15,1016,912],{}," and ",[15,1019,998],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[158,1022,1023,1025],{},[15,1024,17],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[158,1027,1028],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,1030,1031],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[40,1033,1035],{"className":42,"code":1034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,1036,1037,1069,1077,1081,1089,1093,1111,1129],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1038,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1040,865],{"class":55},[49,1042,60],{"class":59},[49,1044,64],{"class":63},[49,1046,68],{"class":67},[49,1048,72],{"class":71},[49,1050,68],{"class":67},[49,1052,77],{"class":63},[49,1054,81],{"class":80},[49,1056,84],{"class":63},[49,1058,87],{"class":67},[49,1060,90],{"class":71},[49,1062,68],{"class":67},[49,1064,77],{"class":63},[49,1066,97],{"class":80},[49,1068,100],{"class":63},[49,1070,1071,1073,1075],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,1072,898],{"class":55},[49,1074,60],{"class":59},[49,1076,903],{"class":55},[49,1078,1079],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,1080,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,1082,1083,1085,1087],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,1084,865],{"class":55},[49,1086,60],{"class":59},[49,1088,450],{"class":63},[49,1090,1091],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,1092,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,1094,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,1096,123],{"class":122},[49,1098,126],{"class":63},[49,1100,68],{"class":67},[49,1102,933],{"class":71},[49,1104,68],{"class":67},[49,1106,84],{"class":63},[49,1108,940],{"class":112},[49,1110,335],{"class":63},[49,1112,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,1114,123],{"class":122},[49,1116,126],{"class":63},[49,1118,68],{"class":67},[49,1120,953],{"class":71},[49,1122,68],{"class":67},[49,1124,84],{"class":63},[49,1126,960],{"class":112},[49,1128,335],{"class":63},[49,1130,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,1132,123],{"class":122},[49,1134,126],{"class":63},[49,1136,865],{"class":112},[49,1138,974],{"class":973},[49,1140,960],{"class":112},[49,1142,335],{"class":63},[20,1144,573],{},[40,1146,1148],{"className":42,"code":1147,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,1149,1150,1158,1190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1151,1152,1154,1156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1153,912],{"class":55},[49,1155,77],{"class":63},[49,1157,450],{"class":63},[49,1159,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,1161,998],{"class":55},[49,1163,77],{"class":63},[49,1165,64],{"class":63},[49,1167,397],{"class":67},[49,1169,72],{"class":71},[49,1171,397],{"class":67},[49,1173,77],{"class":63},[49,1175,81],{"class":80},[49,1177,84],{"class":63},[49,1179,406],{"class":67},[49,1181,90],{"class":71},[49,1183,397],{"class":67},[49,1185,77],{"class":63},[49,1187,97],{"class":80},[49,1189,100],{"class":63},[49,1191,1192],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,1193,1194],{"class":583},"False\n",[20,1196,1197],{},"Here:",[155,1199,1200,1206],{},[158,1201,1202,1205],{},[15,1203,1204],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[158,1207,1208,1210],{},[15,1209,998],{}," still points to the old one",[20,1212,1213,1214,109],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[72,1215,1217],{"href":1216},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,1218,1219],{},"dict.copy()",[35,1221,1223,1224],{"id":1222},"when-to-use-clear","When to use ",[15,1225,17],{},[20,1227,1228,1230],{},[15,1229,17],{}," is useful when you want to:",[155,1232,1233,1236,1239],{},[158,1234,1235],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[158,1237,1238],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[158,1240,1241],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,1243,1244],{},"Example:",[40,1246,1248],{"className":42,"code":1247,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,1249,1250,1259,1275,1295,1309,1313,1317,1322,1333,1337],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1251,1252,1255,1257],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1253,1254],{"class":55},"session_data ",[49,1256,60],{"class":59},[49,1258,243],{"class":63},[49,1260,1261,1263,1266,1268,1270,1273],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,1262,248],{"class":67},[49,1264,1265],{"class":71},"user_id",[49,1267,68],{"class":67},[49,1269,77],{"class":63},[49,1271,1272],{"class":80}," 101",[49,1274,265],{"class":63},[49,1276,1277,1279,1282,1284,1286,1288,1291,1293],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,1278,248],{"class":67},[49,1280,1281],{"class":71},"theme",[49,1283,68],{"class":67},[49,1285,77],{"class":63},[49,1287,87],{"class":67},[49,1289,1290],{"class":71},"dark",[49,1292,68],{"class":67},[49,1294,265],{"class":63},[49,1296,1297,1299,1302,1304,1306],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,1298,248],{"class":67},[49,1300,1301],{"class":71},"logged_in",[49,1303,68],{"class":67},[49,1305,77],{"class":63},[49,1307,1308],{"class":583}," True\n",[49,1310,1311],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,1312,100],{"class":63},[49,1314,1315],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,1316,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,1318,1319],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,1320,1321],{"class":134},"# Reset for a new session\n",[49,1323,1324,1327,1329,1331],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,1325,1326],{"class":55},"session_data",[49,1328,109],{"class":63},[49,1330,113],{"class":112},[49,1332,116],{"class":63},[49,1334,1335],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,1336,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,1338,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347],{"class":51,"line":355},[49,1340,123],{"class":122},[49,1342,126],{"class":63},[49,1344,1326],{"class":112},[49,1346,131],{"class":63},[49,1348,135],{"class":134},[20,1350,1351,1352,1358,1359,109,1363,1366,1367,109],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[72,1353,1355],{"href":1354},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,1356,1357],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[72,1360,1362],{"href":1361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1364,1365],"br",{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[72,1368,1370],{"href":1369},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,1371,1372],{},"dict.popitem()",[35,1374,1376],{"id":1375},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1378,1379,1380,77],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1381,17],{},[155,1383,1384,1390,1396,1399],{},[158,1385,1386,1387,1389],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,1388,17],{}," to a variable",[158,1391,1392,1393,1395],{},"Expecting ",[15,1394,17],{}," to return a new dictionary",[158,1397,1398],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[158,1400,1401],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,1403,1404],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[40,1406,1408],{"className":42,"code":1407,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,1409,1410,1420,1437,1452],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1411,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1413,123],{"class":122},[49,1415,126],{"class":63},[49,1417,199],{"class":112},[49,1419,335],{"class":63},[49,1421,1422,1424,1426,1430,1432,1434],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,1423,123],{"class":122},[49,1425,126],{"class":63},[49,1427,1429],{"class":1428},"sZMiF","type",[49,1431,126],{"class":63},[49,1433,199],{"class":112},[49,1435,1436],{"class":63},"))\n",[49,1438,1439,1441,1443,1446,1448,1450],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,1440,123],{"class":122},[49,1442,126],{"class":63},[49,1444,1445],{"class":122},"id",[49,1447,126],{"class":63},[49,1449,199],{"class":112},[49,1451,1436],{"class":63},[49,1453,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,1455,123],{"class":122},[49,1457,126],{"class":63},[49,1459,898],{"class":112},[49,1461,974],{"class":973},[49,1463,539],{"class":112},[49,1465,335],{"class":63},[20,1467,1468],{},"What these show:",[155,1470,1471,1477,1483,1489],{},[158,1472,1473,1476],{},[15,1474,1475],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[158,1478,1479,1482],{},[15,1480,1481],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[158,1484,1485,1488],{},[15,1486,1487],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[158,1490,1491,1494],{},[15,1492,1493],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[35,1496,1498],{"id":1497},"faq","FAQ",[591,1500,1502,1503,1505],{"id":1501},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,1504,17],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,1507,1508],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[591,1510,1512,1513,1515],{"id":1511},"what-does-dictclear-return","What does ",[15,1514,24],{}," return?",[20,1517,1518,1519,109],{},"It returns ",[15,1520,169],{},[591,1522,1524,1525,1017,1527,1529],{"id":1523},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and","What is the difference between ",[15,1526,17],{},[15,1528,175],{},"?",[20,1531,1532,1534,1535,1537],{},[15,1533,17],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,1536,175],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[591,1539,1502,1541,1543],{"id":1540},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,1542,17],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,1545,1546],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[35,1548,1550],{"id":1549},"see-also","See also",[155,1552,1553,1557,1563,1572,1579,1586,1591],{},[158,1554,1555],{},[72,1556,185],{"href":184},[158,1558,1559],{},[72,1560,1562],{"href":1561},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","Creating a dictionary in Python",[158,1564,1565],{},[72,1566,1567,1568,1571],{"href":1354},"Python dictionary ",[15,1569,1570],{},"pop()"," method",[158,1573,1574],{},[72,1575,1567,1576,1571],{"href":1369},[15,1577,1578],{},"popitem()",[158,1580,1581],{},[72,1582,1567,1583,1571],{"href":1216},[15,1584,1585],{},"copy()",[158,1587,1588],{},[72,1589,1590],{"href":844},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[158,1592,1593],{},[72,1594,1595],{"href":1361},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1597,1598,1599],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":1601},[1602,1603,1605,1606,1607,1611,1616,1617,1619,1620,1630],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":143,"depth":103,"text":1604},"What clear() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":472,"depth":103,"text":1608,"children":1609},"What clear() returns",[1610],{"id":593,"depth":119,"text":594},{"id":774,"depth":103,"text":1612,"children":1613},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[1614,1615],{"id":113,"depth":119,"text":17},{"id":199,"depth":119,"text":827},{"id":848,"depth":103,"text":849},{"id":1222,"depth":103,"text":1618},"When to use clear()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":1621},[1622,1624,1626,1628],{"id":1501,"depth":119,"text":1623},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":1511,"depth":119,"text":1625},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":1523,"depth":119,"text":1627},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":1540,"depth":119,"text":1629},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":5,"description":1631},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",[1639,3239,4949,6643,8785,10972,12304,14482,16689,19149,20988,23554,25653,27935,29883,31794,33791,35231,37060,39585,41747,42976,44347,45995,48316,50160,52142,53836,55089,56783,58534,60506,62256,64356,65716,67667,69230,71221,73016,74916,77358,79436,82076,84105,86068,88256,90260,92573,94255,95700,96894,98072,99912,102352,104056,106071,107595,108840,110003,111385,113456,115353,117127,118993,121112,122852,124314,125908,127831,129508,131443,132932,135716,137293,138852,140880,142832,144295,145484,147370,148781,150477,152031,153453,154856,156754,159148,160979],{"id":1640,"title":1641,"body":1642,"description":3233,"extension":1632,"meta":3234,"navigation":312,"path":3235,"seo":3236,"stem":3237,"__hash__":3238},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1643,"toc":3205},[1644,1647,1653,1656,1667,1670,1672,1738,1740,1760,1766,1770,1775,1778,1794,1797,1823,1826,1828,1831,1846,1848,1875,1877,1935,1937,1952,1962,1973,1977,1980,2034,2036,2056,2059,2082,2089,2093,2098,2104,2106,2145,2147,2156,2162,2180,2183,2195,2199,2204,2208,2211,2232,2234,2292,2294,2302,2305,2309,2341,2343,2351,2354,2358,2363,2411,2413,2421,2425,2485,2487,2495,2498,2500,2504,2507,2530,2539,2555,2606,2608,2623,2634,2638,2641,2671,2678,2682,2687,2728,2730,2741,2744,2787,2789,2797,2801,2806,2828,2830,2839,2848,2852,2857,2879,2881,2951,2953,3003,3006,3009,3012,3091,3093,3124,3126,3130,3133,3137,3140,3144,3147,3151,3163,3167,3170,3172,3202],[10,1645,1641],{"id":1646},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1648,150,1649,1652],{},[15,1650,1651],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1654,1655],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[155,1657,1658,1661,1664],{},[158,1659,1660],{},"a number without its negative sign",[158,1662,1663],{},"the distance between two numbers",[158,1665,1666],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1668,1669],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[35,1671,38],{"id":37},[40,1673,1675],{"className":42,"code":1674,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1676,1677,1696,1711],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1678,1679,1681,1683,1686,1688,1691,1694],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1680,123],{"class":122},[49,1682,126],{"class":63},[49,1684,1685],{"class":122},"abs",[49,1687,126],{"class":63},[49,1689,1690],{"class":59},"-",[49,1692,1693],{"class":80},"7",[49,1695,1436],{"class":63},[49,1697,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1709],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,1699,123],{"class":122},[49,1701,126],{"class":63},[49,1703,1685],{"class":122},[49,1705,126],{"class":63},[49,1707,1708],{"class":80},"3.5",[49,1710,1436],{"class":63},[49,1712,1713,1715,1717,1719,1721,1723,1726,1729,1732,1736],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,1714,123],{"class":122},[49,1716,126],{"class":63},[49,1718,1685],{"class":122},[49,1720,126],{"class":63},[49,1722,1690],{"class":59},[49,1724,1725],{"class":80},"2",[49,1727,1728],{"class":59},"+",[49,1730,1731],{"class":80},"3",[49,1733,1735],{"class":1734},"sbsja","j",[49,1737,1436],{"class":63},[20,1739,573],{},[40,1741,1743],{"className":42,"code":1742,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1744,1745,1750,1755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1746,1747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1748,1749],{"class":80},"7\n",[49,1751,1752],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,1753,1754],{"class":80},"3.5\n",[49,1756,1757],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,1758,1759],{"class":80},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1761,1762,1763,1765],{},"Use ",[15,1764,1651],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[35,1767,1769],{"id":1768},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1771,1772,1774],{},[15,1773,1651],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1776,1777],{},"That means:",[155,1779,1780,1783,1786],{},[158,1781,1782],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[158,1784,1785],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[158,1787,1788,1791,1792],{},[15,1789,1790],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1793,1790],{},[20,1795,1796],{},"Examples:",[155,1798,1799,1808,1816],{},[158,1800,1801,1804,1805],{},[15,1802,1803],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1806,1807],{},"5",[158,1809,1810,1804,1813],{},[15,1811,1812],{},"abs(9)",[15,1814,1815],{},"9",[158,1817,1818,1804,1821],{},[15,1819,1820],{},"abs(0)",[15,1822,1790],{},[20,1824,1825],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[35,1827,189],{"id":188},[20,1829,1830],{},"The syntax is:",[40,1832,1834],{"className":42,"code":1833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abs(x)\n",[15,1835,1836],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1837,1838,1840,1842,1844],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1839,1685],{"class":122},[49,1841,126],{"class":63},[49,1843,504],{"class":112},[49,1845,335],{"class":63},[20,1847,1197],{},[155,1849,1850,1867,1872],{},[158,1851,1852,1854,1855,1858,1859,1862,1863,1866],{},[15,1853,504],{}," is usually an ",[15,1856,1857],{},"int",", ",[15,1860,1861],{},"float",", or ",[15,1864,1865],{},"complex"," number",[158,1868,1869,1871],{},[15,1870,1651],{}," returns a new value",[158,1873,1874],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1876,1244],{},[40,1878,1880],{"className":42,"code":1879,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1881,1882,1895,1911,1915,1925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1883,1884,1887,1889,1892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1885,1886],{"class":55},"number ",[49,1888,60],{"class":59},[49,1890,1891],{"class":59}," -",[49,1893,1894],{"class":80},"12\n",[49,1896,1897,1899,1901,1904,1906,1909],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,1898,534],{"class":55},[49,1900,60],{"class":59},[49,1902,1903],{"class":122}," abs",[49,1905,126],{"class":63},[49,1907,1908],{"class":112},"number",[49,1910,335],{"class":63},[49,1912,1913],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,1914,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,1916,1917,1919,1921,1923],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,1918,123],{"class":122},[49,1920,126],{"class":63},[49,1922,1908],{"class":112},[49,1924,335],{"class":63},[49,1926,1927,1929,1931,1933],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,1928,123],{"class":122},[49,1930,126],{"class":63},[49,1932,558],{"class":112},[49,1934,335],{"class":63},[20,1936,573],{},[40,1938,1940],{"className":42,"code":1939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-12\n12\n",[15,1941,1942,1948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1943,1944,1946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1945,1690],{"class":59},[49,1947,1894],{"class":80},[49,1949,1950],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,1951,1894],{"class":80},[20,1953,1954,1955,1957,1958,1961],{},"Notice that ",[15,1956,1908],{}," is still ",[15,1959,1960],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1963,1964,1965,1972],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[72,1966,1968,1971],{"href":1967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1969,1970],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[35,1974,1976],{"id":1975},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1978,1979],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[40,1981,1983],{"className":42,"code":1982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1984,1985,2002,2017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1986,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,2000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1988,123],{"class":122},[49,1990,126],{"class":63},[49,1992,1685],{"class":122},[49,1994,126],{"class":63},[49,1996,1690],{"class":59},[49,1998,1999],{"class":80},"10",[49,2001,1436],{"class":63},[49,2003,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2015],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2005,123],{"class":122},[49,2007,126],{"class":63},[49,2009,1685],{"class":122},[49,2011,126],{"class":63},[49,2013,2014],{"class":80},"8",[49,2016,1436],{"class":63},[49,2018,2019,2021,2023,2025,2027,2029,2032],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2020,123],{"class":122},[49,2022,126],{"class":63},[49,2024,1685],{"class":122},[49,2026,126],{"class":63},[49,2028,1690],{"class":59},[49,2030,2031],{"class":80},"4.2",[49,2033,1436],{"class":63},[20,2035,573],{},[40,2037,2039],{"className":42,"code":2038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2040,2041,2046,2051],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2042,2043],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2044,2045],{"class":80},"10\n",[49,2047,2048],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2049,2050],{"class":80},"8\n",[49,2052,2053],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2054,2055],{"class":80},"4.2\n",[20,2057,2058],{},"What each line does:",[155,2060,2061,2068,2075],{},[158,2062,2063,480,2066],{},[15,2064,2065],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2067,1999],{},[158,2069,2070,480,2073],{},[15,2071,2072],{},"abs(8)",[15,2074,2014],{},[158,2076,2077,480,2080],{},[15,2078,2079],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2081,2031],{},[20,2083,2084,2085,109],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[72,2086,2088],{"href":2087},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[35,2090,2092],{"id":2091},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2094,2095,2097],{},[15,2096,1651],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2099,2100,2101,2103],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2102,1790],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2105,1244],{},[40,2107,2109],{"className":42,"code":2108,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2110,2111,2130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2112,2113,2116,2118,2121,2124,2127],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2114,2115],{"class":55},"value ",[49,2117,60],{"class":59},[49,2119,2120],{"class":80}," 3",[49,2122,2123],{"class":59}," +",[49,2125,2126],{"class":80}," 4",[49,2128,2129],{"class":1734},"j\n",[49,2131,2132,2134,2136,2138,2140,2143],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2133,123],{"class":122},[49,2135,126],{"class":63},[49,2137,1685],{"class":122},[49,2139,126],{"class":63},[49,2141,2142],{"class":112},"value",[49,2144,1436],{"class":63},[20,2146,573],{},[40,2148,2150],{"className":42,"code":2149,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n",[15,2151,2152],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2153,2154],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2155,2149],{"class":80},[20,2157,2158,2159,1529],{},"Why ",[15,2160,2161],{},"5.0",[155,2163,2164,2169,2175],{},[158,2165,2166,2167],{},"the real part is ",[15,2168,1731],{},[158,2170,2171,2172],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2173,2174],{},"4",[158,2176,2177,2178],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2179,2161],{},[20,2181,2182],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[155,2184,2185,2192],{},[158,2186,2187,2189,2190],{},[15,2188,1651],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2191,1861],{},[158,2193,2194],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[35,2196,2198],{"id":2197},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2200,2201,2202,109],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2203,1651],{},[591,2205,2207],{"id":2206},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2209,2210],{},"A very common pattern is:",[40,2212,2214],{"className":42,"code":2213,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2215,2216],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2217,2218,2220,2222,2225,2227,2230],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2219,1685],{"class":122},[49,2221,126],{"class":63},[49,2223,2224],{"class":112},"a ",[49,2226,1690],{"class":59},[49,2228,2229],{"class":112}," b",[49,2231,335],{"class":63},[20,2233,1244],{},[40,2235,2237],{"className":42,"code":2236,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2238,2239,2248,2258,2262,2281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2240,2241,2243,2245],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2242,2224],{"class":55},[49,2244,60],{"class":59},[49,2246,2247],{"class":80}," 3\n",[49,2249,2250,2253,2255],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2251,2252],{"class":55},"b ",[49,2254,60],{"class":59},[49,2256,2257],{"class":80}," 10\n",[49,2259,2260],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2261,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,2263,2264,2267,2269,2271,2273,2275,2277,2279],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,2265,2266],{"class":55},"distance ",[49,2268,60],{"class":59},[49,2270,1903],{"class":122},[49,2272,126],{"class":63},[49,2274,2224],{"class":112},[49,2276,1690],{"class":59},[49,2278,2229],{"class":112},[49,2280,335],{"class":63},[49,2282,2283,2285,2287,2290],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,2284,123],{"class":122},[49,2286,126],{"class":63},[49,2288,2289],{"class":112},"distance",[49,2291,335],{"class":63},[20,2293,573],{},[40,2295,2296],{"className":42,"code":1749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2297,2298],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2299,2300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2301,1749],{"class":80},[20,2303,2304],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[591,2306,2308],{"id":2307},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[40,2310,2312],{"className":42,"code":2311,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2313,2314,2326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2315,2316,2319,2321,2323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2317,2318],{"class":55},"temperature_change ",[49,2320,60],{"class":59},[49,2322,1891],{"class":59},[49,2324,2325],{"class":80},"6\n",[49,2327,2328,2330,2332,2334,2336,2339],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2329,123],{"class":122},[49,2331,126],{"class":63},[49,2333,1685],{"class":122},[49,2335,126],{"class":63},[49,2337,2338],{"class":112},"temperature_change",[49,2340,1436],{"class":63},[20,2342,573],{},[40,2344,2345],{"className":42,"code":2325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2346,2347],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2348,2349],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2350,2325],{"class":80},[20,2352,2353],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[591,2355,2357],{"id":2356},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2359,2360,2361,1972],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2362,1651],{},[40,2364,2366],{"className":42,"code":2365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2367,2368,2380,2396,2400],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2369,2370,2373,2375,2377],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2371,2372],{"class":55},"balance_change ",[49,2374,60],{"class":59},[49,2376,1891],{"class":59},[49,2378,2379],{"class":80},"25\n",[49,2381,2382,2385,2387,2389,2391,2394],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2383,2384],{"class":55},"safe_value ",[49,2386,60],{"class":59},[49,2388,1903],{"class":122},[49,2390,126],{"class":63},[49,2392,2393],{"class":112},"balance_change",[49,2395,335],{"class":63},[49,2397,2398],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2399,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,2401,2402,2404,2406,2409],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,2403,123],{"class":122},[49,2405,126],{"class":63},[49,2407,2408],{"class":112},"safe_value",[49,2410,335],{"class":63},[20,2412,573],{},[40,2414,2415],{"className":42,"code":2379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2416,2417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2418,2419],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2420,2379],{"class":80},[591,2422,2424],{"id":2423},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[40,2426,2428],{"className":42,"code":2427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2429,2430,2440,2450,2454,2474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2431,2432,2435,2437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2433,2434],{"class":55},"guess ",[49,2436,60],{"class":59},[49,2438,2439],{"class":80}," 42\n",[49,2441,2442,2445,2447],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2443,2444],{"class":55},"target ",[49,2446,60],{"class":59},[49,2448,2449],{"class":80}," 50\n",[49,2451,2452],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2453,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,2455,2456,2459,2461,2463,2465,2467,2469,2472],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,2457,2458],{"class":55},"difference ",[49,2460,60],{"class":59},[49,2462,1903],{"class":122},[49,2464,126],{"class":63},[49,2466,2434],{"class":112},[49,2468,1690],{"class":59},[49,2470,2471],{"class":112}," target",[49,2473,335],{"class":63},[49,2475,2476,2478,2480,2483],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,2477,123],{"class":122},[49,2479,126],{"class":63},[49,2481,2482],{"class":112},"difference",[49,2484,335],{"class":63},[20,2486,573],{},[40,2488,2489],{"className":42,"code":2050,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2490,2491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2492,2493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2494,2050],{"class":80},[20,2496,2497],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[35,2499,1376],{"id":1375},[591,2501,2503],{"id":2502},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2505,2506],{},"This causes an error:",[40,2508,2510],{"className":42,"code":2509,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2511,2512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2513,2514,2516,2518,2520,2522,2524,2526,2528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2515,123],{"class":122},[49,2517,126],{"class":63},[49,2519,1685],{"class":122},[49,2521,126],{"class":63},[49,2523,68],{"class":67},[49,2525,1807],{"class":71},[49,2527,68],{"class":67},[49,2529,1436],{"class":63},[20,2531,2532,2535,2536,2538],{},[15,2533,2534],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2537,1651],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2540,2541,2542,2548,2549,77],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[72,2543,2545],{"href":2544},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2546,2547],{},"int()"," or ",[72,2550,2552],{"href":2551},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2553,2554],{},"float()",[40,2556,2558],{"className":42,"code":2557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2559,2560,2583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2561,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570,2572,2574,2576,2578,2580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2563,123],{"class":122},[49,2565,126],{"class":63},[49,2567,1685],{"class":122},[49,2569,126],{"class":63},[49,2571,1857],{"class":1428},[49,2573,126],{"class":63},[49,2575,68],{"class":67},[49,2577,1807],{"class":71},[49,2579,68],{"class":67},[49,2581,2582],{"class":63},")))\n",[49,2584,2585,2587,2589,2591,2593,2595,2597,2599,2602,2604],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2586,123],{"class":122},[49,2588,126],{"class":63},[49,2590,1685],{"class":122},[49,2592,126],{"class":63},[49,2594,1861],{"class":1428},[49,2596,126],{"class":63},[49,2598,68],{"class":67},[49,2600,2601],{"class":71},"-3.2",[49,2603,68],{"class":67},[49,2605,2582],{"class":63},[20,2607,573],{},[40,2609,2611],{"className":42,"code":2610,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2612,2613,2618],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2614,2615],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2616,2617],{"class":80},"5\n",[49,2619,2620],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2621,2622],{"class":80},"3.2\n",[20,2624,2625,2626,2629,2630,109],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2627,2628],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[72,2631,2633],{"href":2632},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[591,2635,2637],{"id":2636},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2639,2640],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[40,2642,2644],{"className":42,"code":2643,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2645,2646],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2647,2648,2650,2652,2654,2657,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2649,123],{"class":122},[49,2651,126],{"class":63},[49,2653,1685],{"class":122},[49,2655,2656],{"class":63},"([",[49,2658,2659],{"class":80},"1",[49,2661,84],{"class":63},[49,2663,97],{"class":80},[49,2665,84],{"class":63},[49,2667,2120],{"class":80},[49,2669,2670],{"class":63},"]))\n",[20,2672,2673,2674,2677],{},"This raises a ",[15,2675,2676],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[591,2679,2681],{"id":2680},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2683,2684,2686],{},[15,2685,1651],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[40,2688,2690],{"className":42,"code":2689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2691,2692,2704,2714,2718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2693,2694,2697,2699,2701],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2695,2696],{"class":55},"x ",[49,2698,60],{"class":59},[49,2700,1891],{"class":59},[49,2702,2703],{"class":80},"9\n",[49,2705,2706,2708,2710,2712],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2707,1685],{"class":122},[49,2709,126],{"class":63},[49,2711,504],{"class":112},[49,2713,335],{"class":63},[49,2715,2716],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2717,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,2719,2720,2722,2724,2726],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,2721,123],{"class":122},[49,2723,126],{"class":63},[49,2725,504],{"class":112},[49,2727,335],{"class":63},[20,2729,573],{},[40,2731,2733],{"className":42,"code":2732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-9\n",[15,2734,2735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2736,2737,2739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2738,1690],{"class":59},[49,2740,2703],{"class":80},[20,2742,2743],{},"If you want to store the result:",[40,2745,2747],{"className":42,"code":2746,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2748,2749,2759,2773,2777],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2750,2751,2753,2755,2757],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2752,2696],{"class":55},[49,2754,60],{"class":59},[49,2756,1891],{"class":59},[49,2758,2703],{"class":80},[49,2760,2761,2763,2765,2767,2769,2771],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2762,2696],{"class":55},[49,2764,60],{"class":59},[49,2766,1903],{"class":122},[49,2768,126],{"class":63},[49,2770,504],{"class":112},[49,2772,335],{"class":63},[49,2774,2775],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2776,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,2778,2779,2781,2783,2785],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,2780,123],{"class":122},[49,2782,126],{"class":63},[49,2784,504],{"class":112},[49,2786,335],{"class":63},[20,2788,573],{},[40,2790,2791],{"className":42,"code":2703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2792,2793],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2794,2795],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2796,2703],{"class":80},[591,2798,2800],{"id":2799},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2802,2803,2805],{},[15,2804,1651],{}," does not round numbers.",[40,2807,2809],{"className":42,"code":2808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2810,2811],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2812,2813,2815,2817,2819,2821,2823,2826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2814,123],{"class":122},[49,2816,126],{"class":63},[49,2818,1685],{"class":122},[49,2820,126],{"class":63},[49,2822,1690],{"class":59},[49,2824,2825],{"class":80},"4.7",[49,2827,1436],{"class":63},[20,2829,573],{},[40,2831,2833],{"className":42,"code":2832,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4.7\n",[15,2834,2835],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2836,2837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2838,2832],{"class":80},[20,2840,2841,2842,2844,2845,2847],{},"If you expected ",[15,2843,1807],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2846,1651],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[35,2849,2851],{"id":2850},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2853,2854,2856],{},[15,2855,1651],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[155,2858,2859,2866,2873],{},[158,2860,2861,2863,2864],{},[15,2862,1857],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2865,1857],{},[158,2867,2868,2870,2871],{},[15,2869,1861],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2872,1861],{},[158,2874,2875,2870,2877],{},[15,2876,1865],{},[15,2878,1861],{},[20,2880,1244],{},[40,2882,2884],{"className":42,"code":2883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2885,2886,2906,2927],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2887,2888,2890,2892,2894,2896,2898,2900,2902,2904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2889,123],{"class":122},[49,2891,126],{"class":63},[49,2893,1429],{"class":1428},[49,2895,126],{"class":63},[49,2897,1685],{"class":122},[49,2899,126],{"class":63},[49,2901,1690],{"class":59},[49,2903,1807],{"class":80},[49,2905,2582],{"class":63},[49,2907,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920,2922,2925],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2909,123],{"class":122},[49,2911,126],{"class":63},[49,2913,1429],{"class":1428},[49,2915,126],{"class":63},[49,2917,1685],{"class":122},[49,2919,126],{"class":63},[49,2921,1690],{"class":59},[49,2923,2924],{"class":80},"3.2",[49,2926,2582],{"class":63},[49,2928,2929,2931,2933,2935,2937,2939,2941,2943,2945,2947,2949],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2930,123],{"class":122},[49,2932,126],{"class":63},[49,2934,1429],{"class":1428},[49,2936,126],{"class":63},[49,2938,1685],{"class":122},[49,2940,126],{"class":63},[49,2942,1731],{"class":80},[49,2944,2123],{"class":59},[49,2946,2126],{"class":80},[49,2948,1735],{"class":1734},[49,2950,2582],{"class":63},[20,2952,573],{},[40,2954,2956],{"className":42,"code":2955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2957,2958,2975,2989],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2959,2960,2963,2966,2968,2970,2972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2961,2962],{"class":59},"\u003C",[49,2964,2965],{"class":1734},"class",[49,2967,406],{"class":67},[49,2969,1857],{"class":71},[49,2971,397],{"class":67},[49,2973,2974],{"class":59},">\n",[49,2976,2977,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,2978,2962],{"class":59},[49,2980,2965],{"class":1734},[49,2982,406],{"class":67},[49,2984,1861],{"class":71},[49,2986,397],{"class":67},[49,2988,2974],{"class":59},[49,2990,2991,2993,2995,2997,2999,3001],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,2992,2962],{"class":59},[49,2994,2965],{"class":1734},[49,2996,406],{"class":67},[49,2998,1861],{"class":71},[49,3000,397],{"class":67},[49,3002,2974],{"class":59},[20,3004,3005],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3007,3008],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3010,3011],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[40,3013,3015],{"className":42,"code":3014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3016,3017,3030,3040,3054,3058,3072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3018,3019,3021,3023,3025,3028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3020,2115],{"class":55},[49,3022,60],{"class":59},[49,3024,87],{"class":67},[49,3026,3027],{"class":71},"-5",[49,3029,301],{"class":67},[49,3031,3032,3034,3036,3038],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3033,123],{"class":122},[49,3035,126],{"class":63},[49,3037,2142],{"class":112},[49,3039,335],{"class":63},[49,3041,3042,3044,3046,3048,3050,3052],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,3043,123],{"class":122},[49,3045,126],{"class":63},[49,3047,1429],{"class":1428},[49,3049,126],{"class":63},[49,3051,2142],{"class":112},[49,3053,1436],{"class":63},[49,3055,3056],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,3057,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,3059,3060,3063,3065,3067,3070],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,3061,3062],{"class":55},"user_input ",[49,3064,60],{"class":59},[49,3066,87],{"class":67},[49,3068,3069],{"class":71},"-3.7",[49,3071,301],{"class":67},[49,3073,3074,3076,3078,3080,3082,3084,3086,3089],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,3075,123],{"class":122},[49,3077,126],{"class":63},[49,3079,1685],{"class":122},[49,3081,126],{"class":63},[49,3083,1861],{"class":1428},[49,3085,126],{"class":63},[49,3087,3088],{"class":112},"user_input",[49,3090,2582],{"class":63},[20,3092,573],{},[40,3094,3096],{"className":42,"code":3095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3097,3098,3104,3119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3099,3100,3102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3101,1690],{"class":59},[49,3103,2617],{"class":80},[49,3105,3106,3108,3110,3112,3115,3117],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3107,2962],{"class":59},[49,3109,2965],{"class":1734},[49,3111,406],{"class":67},[49,3113,3114],{"class":71},"str",[49,3116,397],{"class":67},[49,3118,2974],{"class":59},[49,3120,3121],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,3122,3123],{"class":80},"3.7\n",[35,3125,1498],{"id":1497},[591,3127,3129],{"id":3128},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3131,3132],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[591,3134,3136],{"id":3135},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3138,3139],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[591,3141,3143],{"id":3142},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3145,3146],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[591,3148,3150],{"id":3149},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3152,3153,3155,3156,2548,3158,3160,3161,109],{},[15,3154,2628],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3157,2547],{},[15,3159,2554],{}," before using ",[15,3162,1651],{},[591,3164,3166],{"id":3165},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3168,3169],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[35,3171,1550],{"id":1549},[155,3173,3174,3181,3187,3193,3198],{},[158,3175,3176],{},[72,3177,3178,3180],{"href":2544},[15,3179,2547],{}," function explained",[158,3182,3183],{},[72,3184,3185,3180],{"href":2551},[15,3186,2554],{},[158,3188,3189],{},[72,3190,3191,3180],{"href":1967},[15,3192,1970],{},[158,3194,3195],{},[72,3196,3197],{"href":2632},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[158,3199,3200],{},[72,3201,2088],{"href":2087},[1597,3203,3204],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":3206},[3207,3208,3209,3210,3211,3212,3218,3224,3225,3232],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":1768,"depth":103,"text":1769},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":1975,"depth":103,"text":1976},{"id":2091,"depth":103,"text":2092},{"id":2197,"depth":103,"text":2198,"children":3213},[3214,3215,3216,3217],{"id":2206,"depth":119,"text":2207},{"id":2307,"depth":119,"text":2308},{"id":2356,"depth":119,"text":2357},{"id":2423,"depth":119,"text":2424},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":3219},[3220,3221,3222,3223],{"id":2502,"depth":119,"text":2503},{"id":2636,"depth":119,"text":2637},{"id":2680,"depth":119,"text":2681},{"id":2799,"depth":119,"text":2800},{"id":2850,"depth":103,"text":2851},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":3226},[3227,3228,3229,3230,3231],{"id":3128,"depth":119,"text":3129},{"id":3135,"depth":119,"text":3136},{"id":3142,"depth":119,"text":3143},{"id":3149,"depth":119,"text":3150},{"id":3165,"depth":119,"text":3166},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1641,"description":3233},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3240,"title":3241,"body":3242,"description":4943,"extension":1632,"meta":4944,"navigation":312,"path":4945,"seo":4946,"stem":4947,"__hash__":4948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3243,"toc":4907},[3244,3252,3258,3261,3278,3282,3339,3349,3354,3358,3377,3380,3397,3400,3404,3412,3429,3432,3470,3473,3480,3486,3562,3564,3596,3602,3606,3610,3649,3651,3659,3666,3670,3709,3711,3719,3729,3733,3789,3791,3799,3802,3805,3852,3854,3862,3868,3875,3880,3883,3886,3953,3955,3963,3966,4033,4035,4043,4057,4060,4071,4075,4081,4084,4086,4102,4104,4112,4115,4118,4121,4138,4141,4144,4174,4176,4189,4193,4197,4200,4215,4220,4223,4250,4257,4260,4300,4306,4312,4320,4323,4375,4382,4446,4451,4460,4463,4481,4487,4490,4632,4637,4642,4645,4656,4659,4715,4717,4725,4728,4787,4789,4797,4800,4811,4813,4819,4827,4836,4839,4846,4849,4857,4870,4872,4904],[10,3245,3247,3248,3251],{"id":3246},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3249,3250],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3253,3254,3255,3257],{},"Python’s ",[15,3256,3250],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3259,3260],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[155,3262,3263,3266,3269],{},[158,3264,3265],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[158,3267,3268],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[158,3270,3271,480,3274,3277],{},[15,3272,3273],{},"all([])",[15,3275,3276],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[35,3279,3281],{"id":3280},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[40,3283,3285],{"className":42,"code":3284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3286,3287,3310,3326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3288,3289,3292,3294,3297,3299,3301,3303,3305,3307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3290,3291],{"class":55},"numbers ",[49,3293,60],{"class":59},[49,3295,3296],{"class":63}," [",[49,3298,2659],{"class":80},[49,3300,84],{"class":63},[49,3302,97],{"class":80},[49,3304,84],{"class":63},[49,3306,2120],{"class":80},[49,3308,3309],{"class":63},"]\n",[49,3311,3312,3314,3316,3319,3321,3324],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3313,534],{"class":55},[49,3315,60],{"class":59},[49,3317,3318],{"class":122}," all",[49,3320,126],{"class":63},[49,3322,3323],{"class":112},"numbers",[49,3325,335],{"class":63},[49,3327,3328,3330,3332,3334,3336],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,3329,123],{"class":122},[49,3331,126],{"class":63},[49,3333,558],{"class":112},[49,3335,131],{"class":63},[49,3337,3338],{"class":134},"  # True\n",[20,3340,3341,480,3343,3345,3346,109],{},[15,3342,3250],{},[15,3344,3276],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3347,3348],{},"False",[35,3350,144,3352,147],{"id":3351},"what-all-does",[15,3353,3250],{},[20,3355,3356,77],{},[15,3357,3250],{},[155,3359,3360,3363,3369,3374],{},[158,3361,3362],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[158,3364,3365,3366,3368],{},"returns ",[15,3367,3276],{}," if all items are truthy",[158,3370,3365,3371,3373],{},[15,3372,3348],{}," if any item is falsy",[158,3375,3376],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3378,3379],{},"Basic syntax:",[40,3381,3383],{"className":42,"code":3382,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3384,3385],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3386,3387,3390,3392,3395],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3388,3389],{"class":122},"all",[49,3391,126],{"class":63},[49,3393,3394],{"class":112},"iterable",[49,3396,335],{"class":63},[20,3398,3399],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[35,3401,3403],{"id":3402},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3405,3406,3407,2548,3409,3411],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3408,3276],{},[15,3410,3348],{}," in conditions.",[155,3413,3414,3422],{},[158,3415,3416,3419,3420],{},[30,3417,3418],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3421,3276],{},[158,3423,3424,3419,3427],{},[30,3425,3426],{},"Falsy",[15,3428,3348],{},[20,3430,3431],{},"Common falsy values include:",[155,3433,3434,3438,3443,3448,3452,3456,3461,3465],{},[158,3435,3436],{},[15,3437,1790],{},[158,3439,3440],{},[15,3441,3442],{},"0.0",[158,3444,3445],{},[15,3446,3447],{},"''",[158,3449,3450],{},[15,3451,169],{},[158,3453,3454],{},[15,3455,3348],{},[158,3457,3458],{},[15,3459,3460],{},"[]",[158,3462,3463],{},[15,3464,175],{},[158,3466,3467],{},[15,3468,3469],{},"set()",[20,3471,3472],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3474,3475,3476,109],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[72,3477,3479],{"href":3478},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3481,3482,3483,77],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3484,3485],{},"bool()",[40,3487,3489],{"className":42,"code":3488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3490,3491,3528,3532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3492,3493,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3507,3509,3512,3514,3516,3519,3521,3523,3526],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3494,3495],{"class":55},"values ",[49,3497,60],{"class":59},[49,3499,3296],{"class":63},[49,3501,2659],{"class":80},[49,3503,84],{"class":63},[49,3505,3506],{"class":80}," 0",[49,3508,84],{"class":63},[49,3510,3511],{"class":67}," ''",[49,3513,84],{"class":63},[49,3515,406],{"class":67},[49,3517,3518],{"class":71},"hello",[49,3520,397],{"class":67},[49,3522,84],{"class":63},[49,3524,3525],{"class":583}," None",[49,3527,3309],{"class":63},[49,3529,3530],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3531,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,3533,3534,3536,3538,3541,3543,3545,3547,3550,3553,3556,3559],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,3535,123],{"class":122},[49,3537,2656],{"class":63},[49,3539,3540],{"class":1428},"bool",[49,3542,126],{"class":63},[49,3544,504],{"class":112},[49,3546,131],{"class":63},[49,3548,3549],{"class":973}," for",[49,3551,3552],{"class":112}," x ",[49,3554,3555],{"class":973},"in",[49,3557,3558],{"class":112}," values",[49,3560,3561],{"class":63},"])\n",[20,3563,573],{},[40,3565,3567],{"className":42,"code":3566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3568,3569],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3570,3571,3574,3576,3578,3581,3583,3585,3587,3590,3592,3594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3572,3573],{"class":63},"[",[49,3575,3276],{"class":583},[49,3577,84],{"class":63},[49,3579,3580],{"class":583}," False",[49,3582,84],{"class":63},[49,3584,3580],{"class":583},[49,3586,84],{"class":63},[49,3588,3589],{"class":583}," True",[49,3591,84],{"class":63},[49,3593,3580],{"class":583},[49,3595,3309],{"class":63},[20,3597,3598,3599,3601],{},"This matters because ",[15,3600,3250],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[35,3603,3605],{"id":3604},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[591,3607,3609],{"id":3608},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[40,3611,3613],{"className":42,"code":3612,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3614,3615,3635],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3616,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625,3627,3629,3631,3633],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3618,3291],{"class":55},[49,3620,60],{"class":59},[49,3622,3296],{"class":63},[49,3624,2659],{"class":80},[49,3626,84],{"class":63},[49,3628,97],{"class":80},[49,3630,84],{"class":63},[49,3632,2120],{"class":80},[49,3634,3309],{"class":63},[49,3636,3637,3639,3641,3643,3645,3647],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3638,123],{"class":122},[49,3640,126],{"class":63},[49,3642,3389],{"class":122},[49,3644,126],{"class":63},[49,3646,3323],{"class":112},[49,3648,1436],{"class":63},[20,3650,573],{},[40,3652,3653],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3654,3655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3656,3657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3658,1007],{"class":583},[20,3660,3661,3662,480,3664,109],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3663,3250],{},[15,3665,3276],{},[591,3667,3669],{"id":3668},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[40,3671,3673],{"className":42,"code":3672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3674,3675,3695],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3676,3677,3679,3681,3683,3685,3687,3689,3691,3693],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3678,3291],{"class":55},[49,3680,60],{"class":59},[49,3682,3296],{"class":63},[49,3684,2659],{"class":80},[49,3686,84],{"class":63},[49,3688,3506],{"class":80},[49,3690,84],{"class":63},[49,3692,2120],{"class":80},[49,3694,3309],{"class":63},[49,3696,3697,3699,3701,3703,3705,3707],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3698,123],{"class":122},[49,3700,126],{"class":63},[49,3702,3389],{"class":122},[49,3704,126],{"class":63},[49,3706,3323],{"class":112},[49,3708,1436],{"class":63},[20,3710,573],{},[40,3712,3713],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3714,3715],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3716,3717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3718,1194],{"class":583},[20,3720,3721,3722,3724,3725,480,3727,109],{},"The value ",[15,3723,1790],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3726,3250],{},[15,3728,3348],{},[591,3730,3732],{"id":3731},"example-strings","Example: strings",[40,3734,3736],{"className":42,"code":3735,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3737,3738,3774],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3739,3740,3743,3745,3747,3749,3752,3754,3756,3758,3761,3763,3765,3767,3770,3772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3741,3742],{"class":55},"words ",[49,3744,60],{"class":59},[49,3746,3296],{"class":63},[49,3748,397],{"class":67},[49,3750,3751],{"class":71},"apple",[49,3753,397],{"class":67},[49,3755,84],{"class":63},[49,3757,406],{"class":67},[49,3759,3760],{"class":71},"banana",[49,3762,397],{"class":67},[49,3764,84],{"class":63},[49,3766,406],{"class":67},[49,3768,3769],{"class":71},"cherry",[49,3771,397],{"class":67},[49,3773,3309],{"class":63},[49,3775,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784,3787],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3777,123],{"class":122},[49,3779,126],{"class":63},[49,3781,3389],{"class":122},[49,3783,126],{"class":63},[49,3785,3786],{"class":112},"words",[49,3788,1436],{"class":63},[20,3790,573],{},[40,3792,3793],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3794,3795],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3796,3797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3798,1007],{"class":583},[20,3800,3801],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3803,3804],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[40,3806,3808],{"className":42,"code":3807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3809,3810,3838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3811,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822,3824,3826,3828,3830,3832,3834,3836],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3813,3742],{"class":55},[49,3815,60],{"class":59},[49,3817,3296],{"class":63},[49,3819,397],{"class":67},[49,3821,3751],{"class":71},[49,3823,397],{"class":67},[49,3825,84],{"class":63},[49,3827,3511],{"class":67},[49,3829,84],{"class":63},[49,3831,406],{"class":67},[49,3833,3769],{"class":71},[49,3835,397],{"class":67},[49,3837,3309],{"class":63},[49,3839,3840,3842,3844,3846,3848,3850],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3841,123],{"class":122},[49,3843,126],{"class":63},[49,3845,3389],{"class":122},[49,3847,126],{"class":63},[49,3849,3786],{"class":112},[49,3851,1436],{"class":63},[20,3853,573],{},[40,3855,3856],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3857,3858],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3859,3860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3861,1194],{"class":583},[20,3863,3864,3865,3867],{},"The empty string ",[15,3866,3447],{}," is falsy.",[35,3869,3871,3872,3874],{"id":3870},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3873,3250],{}," works with conditions",[20,3876,3877,3879],{},[15,3878,3250],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3881,3882],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3884,3885],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[40,3887,3889],{"className":42,"code":3888,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3890,3891,3911,3939,3943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3892,3893,3895,3897,3899,3901,3903,3905,3907,3909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3894,3291],{"class":55},[49,3896,60],{"class":59},[49,3898,3296],{"class":63},[49,3900,2659],{"class":80},[49,3902,84],{"class":63},[49,3904,97],{"class":80},[49,3906,84],{"class":63},[49,3908,2120],{"class":80},[49,3910,3309],{"class":63},[49,3912,3913,3915,3917,3919,3921,3923,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3937],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3914,534],{"class":55},[49,3916,60],{"class":59},[49,3918,3318],{"class":122},[49,3920,126],{"class":63},[49,3922,2696],{"class":112},[49,3924,3925],{"class":59},">",[49,3927,3506],{"class":80},[49,3929,3549],{"class":973},[49,3931,3552],{"class":112},[49,3933,3555],{"class":973},[49,3935,3936],{"class":112}," numbers",[49,3938,335],{"class":63},[49,3940,3941],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,3942,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,3944,3945,3947,3949,3951],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,3946,123],{"class":122},[49,3948,126],{"class":63},[49,3950,558],{"class":112},[49,3952,335],{"class":63},[20,3954,573],{},[40,3956,3957],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3958,3959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3960,3961],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3962,1007],{"class":583},[20,3964,3965],{},"Here is one that fails:",[40,3967,3969],{"className":42,"code":3968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3970,3971,3993,4019,4023],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3972,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989,3991],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3974,3291],{"class":55},[49,3976,60],{"class":59},[49,3978,3296],{"class":63},[49,3980,2659],{"class":80},[49,3982,84],{"class":63},[49,3984,1891],{"class":59},[49,3986,1725],{"class":80},[49,3988,84],{"class":63},[49,3990,2120],{"class":80},[49,3992,3309],{"class":63},[49,3994,3995,3997,3999,4001,4003,4005,4007,4009,4011,4013,4015,4017],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,3996,534],{"class":55},[49,3998,60],{"class":59},[49,4000,3318],{"class":122},[49,4002,126],{"class":63},[49,4004,2696],{"class":112},[49,4006,3925],{"class":59},[49,4008,3506],{"class":80},[49,4010,3549],{"class":973},[49,4012,3552],{"class":112},[49,4014,3555],{"class":973},[49,4016,3936],{"class":112},[49,4018,335],{"class":63},[49,4020,4021],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,4022,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,4024,4025,4027,4029,4031],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,4026,123],{"class":122},[49,4028,126],{"class":63},[49,4030,558],{"class":112},[49,4032,335],{"class":63},[20,4034,573],{},[40,4036,4037],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4038,4039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4040,4041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4042,1194],{"class":583},[20,4044,4045,4046,4049,4050,4052,4053,480,4055,109],{},"The expression ",[15,4047,4048],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4051,3276],{},", then ",[15,4054,3250],{},[15,4056,3276],{},[20,4058,4059],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4061,4062,4063,1017,4067,109],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[72,4064,4066],{"href":4065},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[72,4068,4070],{"href":4069},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[35,4072,4074],{"id":4073},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4076,4077,480,4079,109],{},[15,4078,3273],{},[15,4080,3276],{},[20,4082,4083],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4085,1244],{},[40,4087,4089],{"className":42,"code":4088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4090,4091],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4092,4093,4095,4097,4099],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4094,123],{"class":122},[49,4096,126],{"class":63},[49,4098,3389],{"class":122},[49,4100,4101],{"class":63},"([]))\n",[20,4103,573],{},[40,4105,4106],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4107,4108],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4109,4110],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4111,1007],{"class":583},[20,4113,4114],{},"Why?",[20,4116,4117],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4119,4120],{},"Think of it this way:",[155,4122,4123,4130,4133],{},[158,4124,4125,480,4127,4129],{},[15,4126,3250],{},[15,4128,3348],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[158,4131,4132],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[158,4134,4135,4136],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4137,3348],{},[20,4139,4140],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4142,4143],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[40,4145,4147],{"className":42,"code":4146,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4148,4149,4160],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4150,4151,4153,4155,4157],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4152,123],{"class":122},[49,4154,126],{"class":63},[49,4156,3389],{"class":122},[49,4158,4159],{"class":63},"(()))\n",[49,4161,4162,4164,4166,4168,4170,4172],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4163,123],{"class":122},[49,4165,126],{"class":63},[49,4167,3389],{"class":122},[49,4169,126],{"class":63},[49,4171,3447],{"class":67},[49,4173,1436],{"class":63},[20,4175,573],{},[40,4177,4179],{"className":42,"code":4178,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4180,4181,4185],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4182,4183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4184,1007],{"class":583},[49,4186,4187],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4188,1007],{"class":583},[35,4190,4192],{"id":4191},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[591,4194,4196],{"id":4195},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4198,4199],{},"This is wrong:",[40,4201,4203],{"className":42,"code":4202,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4204,4205,4210],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4206,4207],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4208,4209],{"class":134},"# Wrong\n",[49,4211,4212],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4213,4214],{"class":134},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4216,4217,4219],{},[15,4218,3250],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4221,4222],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[40,4224,4226],{"className":42,"code":4225,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4227,4228],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4229,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4231,123],{"class":122},[49,4233,126],{"class":63},[49,4235,3389],{"class":122},[49,4237,2656],{"class":63},[49,4239,2659],{"class":80},[49,4241,84],{"class":63},[49,4243,97],{"class":80},[49,4245,84],{"class":63},[49,4247,2120],{"class":80},[49,4249,2670],{"class":63},[591,4251,4253,4254,4256],{"id":4252},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4255,3250],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4258,4259],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[40,4261,4263],{"className":42,"code":4262,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4264,4265,4286],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4266,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4280,4282,4284],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4268,3291],{"class":55},[49,4270,60],{"class":59},[49,4272,3296],{"class":63},[49,4274,1807],{"class":80},[49,4276,84],{"class":63},[49,4278,4279],{"class":80}," 5",[49,4281,84],{"class":63},[49,4283,4279],{"class":80},[49,4285,3309],{"class":63},[49,4287,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4289,123],{"class":122},[49,4291,126],{"class":63},[49,4293,3389],{"class":122},[49,4295,126],{"class":63},[49,4297,3323],{"class":112},[49,4299,1436],{"class":63},[20,4301,4302,4303,4305],{},"This does ",[30,4304,600],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4307,4308,4309,4311],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4310,1807],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[40,4313,4314],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4315,4316],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4317,4318],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4319,1007],{"class":583},[20,4321,4322],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[40,4324,4326],{"className":42,"code":4325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4327,4328,4348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4329,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4331,3291],{"class":55},[49,4333,60],{"class":59},[49,4335,3296],{"class":63},[49,4337,1807],{"class":80},[49,4339,84],{"class":63},[49,4341,4279],{"class":80},[49,4343,84],{"class":63},[49,4345,4279],{"class":80},[49,4347,3309],{"class":63},[49,4349,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358,4360,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4351,123],{"class":122},[49,4353,126],{"class":63},[49,4355,3389],{"class":122},[49,4357,126],{"class":63},[49,4359,2696],{"class":112},[49,4361,4362],{"class":59},"==",[49,4364,4279],{"class":80},[49,4366,3549],{"class":973},[49,4368,3552],{"class":112},[49,4370,3555],{"class":973},[49,4372,3936],{"class":112},[49,4374,1436],{"class":63},[591,4376,4378,4379,4381],{"id":4377},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4380,1790],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[40,4383,4385],{"className":42,"code":4384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4386,4387,4413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4388,4389,4391,4393,4395,4397,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4410],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4390,123],{"class":122},[49,4392,126],{"class":63},[49,4394,3389],{"class":122},[49,4396,2656],{"class":63},[49,4398,2659],{"class":80},[49,4400,84],{"class":63},[49,4402,97],{"class":80},[49,4404,84],{"class":63},[49,4406,3506],{"class":80},[49,4408,4409],{"class":63},"]))",[49,4411,4412],{"class":134},"       # False\n",[49,4414,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4416,123],{"class":122},[49,4418,126],{"class":63},[49,4420,3389],{"class":122},[49,4422,2656],{"class":63},[49,4424,397],{"class":67},[49,4426,72],{"class":71},[49,4428,397],{"class":67},[49,4430,84],{"class":63},[49,4432,406],{"class":67},[49,4434,90],{"class":71},[49,4436,397],{"class":67},[49,4438,84],{"class":63},[49,4440,3511],{"class":67},[49,4442,4409],{"class":63},[49,4444,4445],{"class":134},"  # False\n",[20,4447,4448,4449,109],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4450,3348],{},[591,4452,4454,4455,4457,4458],{"id":4453},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4456,3273],{}," is ",[15,4459,3276],{},[20,4461,4462],{},"This is expected behavior:",[40,4464,4466],{"className":42,"code":4465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4467,4468],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4469,4470,4472,4474,4476,4479],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4471,123],{"class":122},[49,4473,126],{"class":63},[49,4475,3389],{"class":122},[49,4477,4478],{"class":63},"([]))",[49,4480,3338],{"class":134},[20,4482,4483,4484,4486],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4485,3276],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4488,4489],{},"Useful quick tests:",[40,4491,4493],{"className":42,"code":4492,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4494,4495,4517,4539,4586,4622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4496,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4498,123],{"class":122},[49,4500,126],{"class":63},[49,4502,3389],{"class":122},[49,4504,2656],{"class":63},[49,4506,2659],{"class":80},[49,4508,84],{"class":63},[49,4510,97],{"class":80},[49,4512,84],{"class":63},[49,4514,2120],{"class":80},[49,4516,2670],{"class":63},[49,4518,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4520,123],{"class":122},[49,4522,126],{"class":63},[49,4524,3389],{"class":122},[49,4526,2656],{"class":63},[49,4528,2659],{"class":80},[49,4530,84],{"class":63},[49,4532,3506],{"class":80},[49,4534,84],{"class":63},[49,4536,2120],{"class":80},[49,4538,2670],{"class":63},[49,4540,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561,4563,4565,4567,4569,4571,4573,4575,4577,4579,4581,4583],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,4542,123],{"class":122},[49,4544,2656],{"class":63},[49,4546,3540],{"class":1428},[49,4548,126],{"class":63},[49,4550,504],{"class":112},[49,4552,131],{"class":63},[49,4554,3549],{"class":973},[49,4556,3552],{"class":112},[49,4558,3555],{"class":973},[49,4560,3296],{"class":63},[49,4562,2659],{"class":80},[49,4564,84],{"class":63},[49,4566,3506],{"class":80},[49,4568,84],{"class":63},[49,4570,3511],{"class":67},[49,4572,84],{"class":63},[49,4574,406],{"class":67},[49,4576,3518],{"class":71},[49,4578,397],{"class":67},[49,4580,84],{"class":63},[49,4582,3525],{"class":583},[49,4584,4585],{"class":63},"]])\n",[49,4587,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4616,4618,4620],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,4589,123],{"class":122},[49,4591,126],{"class":63},[49,4593,3389],{"class":122},[49,4595,126],{"class":63},[49,4597,2696],{"class":112},[49,4599,3925],{"class":59},[49,4601,3506],{"class":80},[49,4603,3549],{"class":973},[49,4605,3552],{"class":112},[49,4607,3555],{"class":973},[49,4609,3296],{"class":63},[49,4611,2659],{"class":80},[49,4613,84],{"class":63},[49,4615,97],{"class":80},[49,4617,84],{"class":63},[49,4619,2120],{"class":80},[49,4621,2670],{"class":63},[49,4623,4624,4626,4628,4630],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,4625,123],{"class":122},[49,4627,126],{"class":63},[49,4629,3389],{"class":122},[49,4631,4101],{"class":63},[35,4633,1223,4635],{"id":4634},"when-to-use-all",[15,4636,3250],{},[20,4638,4639,4641],{},[15,4640,3250],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4643,4644],{},"Common use cases:",[155,4646,4647,4650,4653],{},[158,4648,4649],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[158,4651,4652],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[158,4654,4655],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4657,4658],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[40,4660,4662],{"className":42,"code":4661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4663,4664,4700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4665,4666,4669,4671,4673,4675,4678,4680,4682,4684,4687,4689,4691,4693,4696,4698],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4667,4668],{"class":55},"names ",[49,4670,60],{"class":59},[49,4672,3296],{"class":63},[49,4674,397],{"class":67},[49,4676,4677],{"class":71},"Alice",[49,4679,397],{"class":67},[49,4681,84],{"class":63},[49,4683,406],{"class":67},[49,4685,4686],{"class":71},"Bob",[49,4688,397],{"class":67},[49,4690,84],{"class":63},[49,4692,406],{"class":67},[49,4694,4695],{"class":71},"Charlie",[49,4697,397],{"class":67},[49,4699,3309],{"class":63},[49,4701,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4713],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4703,123],{"class":122},[49,4705,126],{"class":63},[49,4707,3389],{"class":122},[49,4709,126],{"class":63},[49,4711,4712],{"class":112},"names",[49,4714,1436],{"class":63},[20,4716,573],{},[40,4718,4719],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4720,4721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4722,4723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4724,1007],{"class":583},[20,4726,4727],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[40,4729,4731],{"className":42,"code":4730,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4732,4733,4757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4734,4735,4738,4740,4742,4745,4747,4750,4752,4755],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4736,4737],{"class":55},"scores ",[49,4739,60],{"class":59},[49,4741,3296],{"class":63},[49,4743,4744],{"class":80},"75",[49,4746,84],{"class":63},[49,4748,4749],{"class":80}," 80",[49,4751,84],{"class":63},[49,4753,4754],{"class":80}," 50",[49,4756,3309],{"class":63},[49,4758,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4770,4773,4775,4777,4780,4782,4785],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,4760,123],{"class":122},[49,4762,126],{"class":63},[49,4764,3389],{"class":122},[49,4766,126],{"class":63},[49,4768,4769],{"class":112},"score ",[49,4771,4772],{"class":59},">=",[49,4774,4754],{"class":80},[49,4776,3549],{"class":973},[49,4778,4779],{"class":112}," score ",[49,4781,3555],{"class":973},[49,4783,4784],{"class":112}," scores",[49,4786,1436],{"class":63},[20,4788,573],{},[40,4790,4791],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4792,4793],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4794,4795],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4796,1007],{"class":583},[20,4798,4799],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4801,4802,4803,1017,4807,109],{},"For related tasks, see ",[72,4804,4806],{"href":4805},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[72,4808,4810],{"href":4809},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[35,4812,1498],{"id":1497},[591,4814,1512,4816,4818],{"id":4815},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4817,3250],{}," return in Python?",[20,4820,1518,4821,4823,4824,4826],{},[15,4822,3276],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4825,3348],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[591,4828,4830,4831,4833,4834,1529],{"id":4829},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4832,3273],{}," return ",[15,4835,3276],{},[20,4837,4838],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[591,4840,4842,4843,4845],{"id":4841},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4844,3250],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4847,4848],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[591,4850,1524,4852,1017,4854,1529],{"id":4851},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,4853,3250],{},[15,4855,4856],{},"any()",[20,4858,4859,4861,4862,4864,4865,109],{},[15,4860,3250],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4863,4856],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[72,4866,3247,4868,3180],{"href":4867},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4869,4856],{},[35,4871,1550],{"id":1549},[155,4873,4874,4880,4884,4889,4894,4899],{},[158,4875,4876],{},[72,4877,3247,4878,3180],{"href":4867},[15,4879,4856],{},[158,4881,4882],{},[72,4883,3479],{"href":3478},[158,4885,4886],{},[72,4887,4888],{"href":4809},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[158,4890,4891],{},[72,4892,4893],{"href":4805},"How to filter a list in Python",[158,4895,4896],{},[72,4897,4898],{"href":4065},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[158,4900,4901],{},[72,4902,4903],{"href":4069},"What is an iterable in Python",[1597,4905,4906],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":4908},[4909,4910,4912,4913,4918,4920,4921,4930,4932,4942],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":3351,"depth":103,"text":4911},"What all() does",{"id":3402,"depth":103,"text":3403},{"id":3604,"depth":103,"text":3605,"children":4914},[4915,4916,4917],{"id":3608,"depth":119,"text":3609},{"id":3668,"depth":119,"text":3669},{"id":3731,"depth":119,"text":3732},{"id":3870,"depth":103,"text":4919},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4073,"depth":103,"text":4074},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":4922},[4923,4924,4926,4928],{"id":4195,"depth":119,"text":4196},{"id":4252,"depth":119,"text":4925},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4377,"depth":119,"text":4927},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4453,"depth":119,"text":4929},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4634,"depth":103,"text":4931},"When to use all()",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":4933},[4934,4936,4938,4940],{"id":4815,"depth":119,"text":4935},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4829,"depth":119,"text":4937},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4841,"depth":119,"text":4939},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4851,"depth":119,"text":4941},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3241,"description":4943},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4950,"title":4951,"body":4952,"description":6638,"extension":1632,"meta":6639,"navigation":312,"path":4867,"seo":6640,"stem":6641,"__hash__":6642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4953,"toc":6616},[4954,4957,4965,4968,4985,4993,5037,5046,5050,5055,5058,5075,5078,5089,5101,5105,5108,5123,5128,5131,5143,5146,5230,5232,5253,5259,5261,5269,5283,5285,5319,5321,5324,5385,5387,5404,5407,5434,5436,5444,5456,5460,5463,5502,5504,5512,5514,5530,5538,5541,5584,5586,5594,5599,5603,5611,5614,5641,5644,5647,5721,5723,5731,5738,5762,5773,5776,5855,5857,5865,5872,5876,5881,5896,5898,5906,5909,5915,5918,5964,5966,5983,5987,5992,6003,6006,6116,6119,6178,6184,6186,6191,6195,6197,6216,6222,6225,6244,6248,6257,6284,6286,6294,6302,6306,6312,6335,6337,6345,6352,6356,6359,6410,6413,6464,6467,6469,6473,6480,6484,6491,6495,6503,6507,6510,6532,6534,6584,6586,6613],[10,4955,4951],{"id":4956},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4958,4959,4961,4962,109],{},[15,4960,4856],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[30,4963,4964],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4966,4967],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[155,4969,4970,4973,4976,4979,4982],{},[158,4971,4972],{},"lists",[158,4974,4975],{},"tuples",[158,4977,4978],{},"sets",[158,4980,4981],{},"strings",[158,4983,4984],{},"generator expressions",[20,4986,4987,4988,2548,4990,4992],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4989,3276],{},[15,4991,3348],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[40,4994,4996],{"className":42,"code":4995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4997,4998,5018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4999,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5001,3495],{"class":55},[49,5003,60],{"class":59},[49,5005,3296],{"class":63},[49,5007,1790],{"class":80},[49,5009,84],{"class":63},[49,5011,3511],{"class":67},[49,5013,84],{"class":63},[49,5015,4279],{"class":80},[49,5017,3309],{"class":63},[49,5019,5020,5022,5024,5027,5029,5032,5035],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5021,123],{"class":122},[49,5023,126],{"class":63},[49,5025,5026],{"class":122},"any",[49,5028,126],{"class":63},[49,5030,5031],{"class":112},"values",[49,5033,5034],{"class":63},"))",[49,5036,3338],{"class":134},[20,5038,1762,5039,5042,5043,5045],{},[15,5040,5041],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5044,3276],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[35,5047,5049],{"id":5048},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5051,5052,5054],{},[15,5053,4856],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5056,5057],{},"It returns:",[155,5059,5060,5065,5070],{},[158,5061,5062,5064],{},[15,5063,3276],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[158,5066,5067,5069],{},[15,5068,3348],{}," if all items are falsy",[158,5071,5072,5074],{},[15,5073,3348],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5076,5077],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[155,5079,5080,5083,5086],{},[158,5081,5082],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[158,5084,5085],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[158,5087,5088],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5090,5091,5092,5095,5096,109],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[30,5093,5094],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[72,5097,5099],{"href":5098},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5100,3250],{},[35,5102,5104],{"id":5103},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5106,5107],{},"The syntax is simple:",[40,5109,5111],{"className":42,"code":5110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5112,5113],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5114,5115,5117,5119,5121],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5116,5026],{"class":122},[49,5118,126],{"class":63},[49,5120,3394],{"class":112},[49,5122,335],{"class":63},[20,5124,5125,5126,109],{},"The argument must be an ",[30,5127,3394],{},[20,5129,5130],{},"Common inputs include:",[155,5132,5133,5135,5137,5139,5141],{},[158,5134,4972],{},[158,5136,4975],{},[158,5138,4978],{},[158,5140,4981],{},[158,5142,4984],{},[20,5144,5145],{},"For example:",[40,5147,5149],{"className":42,"code":5148,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5150,5151,5173,5192,5212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5152,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5154,123],{"class":122},[49,5156,126],{"class":63},[49,5158,5026],{"class":122},[49,5160,2656],{"class":63},[49,5162,1790],{"class":80},[49,5164,84],{"class":63},[49,5166,3506],{"class":80},[49,5168,84],{"class":63},[49,5170,81],{"class":80},[49,5172,2670],{"class":63},[49,5174,5175,5177,5179,5181,5184,5186,5188,5190],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5176,123],{"class":122},[49,5178,126],{"class":63},[49,5180,5026],{"class":122},[49,5182,5183],{"class":63},"((",[49,5185,3348],{"class":583},[49,5187,84],{"class":63},[49,5189,3580],{"class":583},[49,5191,2582],{"class":63},[49,5193,5194,5196,5198,5200,5203,5205,5207,5209],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,5195,123],{"class":122},[49,5197,126],{"class":63},[49,5199,5026],{"class":122},[49,5201,5202],{"class":63},"({",[49,5204,1790],{"class":80},[49,5206,84],{"class":63},[49,5208,97],{"class":80},[49,5210,5211],{"class":63},"}))\n",[49,5213,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,5215,123],{"class":122},[49,5217,126],{"class":63},[49,5219,5026],{"class":122},[49,5221,126],{"class":63},[49,5223,68],{"class":67},[49,5225,3518],{"class":71},[49,5227,68],{"class":67},[49,5229,1436],{"class":63},[20,5231,380],{},[40,5233,5235],{"className":42,"code":5234,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5236,5237,5241,5245,5249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5238,5239],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5240,1007],{"class":583},[49,5242,5243],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5244,1194],{"class":583},[49,5246,5247],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,5248,1007],{"class":583},[49,5250,5251],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,5252,1007],{"class":583},[20,5254,5255,5256,109],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[72,5257,4810],{"href":5258},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[35,5260,3403],{"id":3402},[20,5262,3406,5263,2548,5266,3411],{},[30,5264,5265],{},"truthy",[30,5267,5268],{},"falsy",[155,5270,5271,5277],{},[158,5272,5273,3419,5275],{},[30,5274,3418],{},[15,5276,3276],{},[158,5278,5279,3419,5281],{},[30,5280,3426],{},[15,5282,3348],{},[20,5284,3431],{},[155,5286,5287,5291,5295,5299,5303,5307,5311,5315],{},[158,5288,5289],{},[15,5290,3348],{},[158,5292,5293],{},[15,5294,1790],{},[158,5296,5297],{},[15,5298,3442],{},[158,5300,5301],{},[15,5302,3447],{},[158,5304,5305],{},[15,5306,3460],{},[158,5308,5309],{},[15,5310,175],{},[158,5312,5313],{},[15,5314,3469],{},[158,5316,5317],{},[15,5318,169],{},[20,5320,3472],{},[20,5322,5323],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[40,5325,5327],{"className":42,"code":5326,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5328,5329,5343,5361],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5330,5331,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5332,123],{"class":122},[49,5334,126],{"class":63},[49,5336,5026],{"class":122},[49,5338,2656],{"class":63},[49,5340,2659],{"class":80},[49,5342,2670],{"class":63},[49,5344,5345,5347,5349,5351,5353,5355,5357,5359],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5346,123],{"class":122},[49,5348,126],{"class":63},[49,5350,5026],{"class":122},[49,5352,2656],{"class":63},[49,5354,397],{"class":67},[49,5356,3518],{"class":71},[49,5358,397],{"class":67},[49,5360,2670],{"class":63},[49,5362,5363,5365,5367,5369,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5382],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,5364,123],{"class":122},[49,5366,126],{"class":63},[49,5368,5026],{"class":122},[49,5370,5371],{"class":63},"([[",[49,5373,2659],{"class":80},[49,5375,84],{"class":63},[49,5377,97],{"class":80},[49,5379,84],{"class":63},[49,5381,2120],{"class":80},[49,5383,5384],{"class":63},"]]))\n",[20,5386,380],{},[40,5388,5390],{"className":42,"code":5389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5391,5392,5396,5400],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5393,5394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5395,1007],{"class":583},[49,5397,5398],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5399,1007],{"class":583},[49,5401,5402],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,5403,1007],{"class":583},[20,5405,5406],{},"And these are all falsy:",[40,5408,5410],{"className":42,"code":5409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5411,5412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5413,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5426,5428,5430,5432],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5415,123],{"class":122},[49,5417,126],{"class":63},[49,5419,5026],{"class":122},[49,5421,2656],{"class":63},[49,5423,1790],{"class":80},[49,5425,84],{"class":63},[49,5427,3511],{"class":67},[49,5429,84],{"class":63},[49,5431,3525],{"class":583},[49,5433,2670],{"class":63},[20,5435,380],{},[40,5437,5438],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5439,5440],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5441,5442],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5443,1194],{"class":583},[20,5445,5446,5447,1017,5450,109],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[72,5448,3479],{"href":5449},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[72,5451,5453,5455],{"href":5452},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5454,3485],{}," explained",[35,5457,5459],{"id":5458},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5461,5462],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[40,5464,5466],{"className":42,"code":5465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5467,5468,5488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5469,5470,5472,5474,5476,5478,5480,5482,5484,5486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5471,3495],{"class":55},[49,5473,60],{"class":59},[49,5475,3296],{"class":63},[49,5477,1790],{"class":80},[49,5479,84],{"class":63},[49,5481,3511],{"class":67},[49,5483,84],{"class":63},[49,5485,4279],{"class":80},[49,5487,3309],{"class":63},[49,5489,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5491,123],{"class":122},[49,5493,126],{"class":63},[49,5495,5026],{"class":122},[49,5497,126],{"class":63},[49,5499,5031],{"class":112},[49,5501,1436],{"class":63},[20,5503,573],{},[40,5505,5506],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5507,5508],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5509,5510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5511,1007],{"class":583},[20,5513,4114],{},[155,5515,5516,5521,5525],{},[158,5517,5518,5520],{},[15,5519,1790],{}," is falsy",[158,5522,5523,5520],{},[15,5524,3447],{},[158,5526,5527,5529],{},[15,5528,1807],{}," is truthy",[20,5531,5532,5533,480,5536,109],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5534,5535],{},"any(values)",[15,5537,3276],{},[20,5539,5540],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[40,5542,5544],{"className":42,"code":5543,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5545,5546,5570],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5547,5548,5550,5552,5554,5556,5558,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5549,3495],{"class":55},[49,5551,60],{"class":59},[49,5553,3296],{"class":63},[49,5555,1790],{"class":80},[49,5557,84],{"class":63},[49,5559,3511],{"class":67},[49,5561,84],{"class":63},[49,5563,3525],{"class":583},[49,5565,84],{"class":63},[49,5567,3580],{"class":583},[49,5569,3309],{"class":63},[49,5571,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5573,123],{"class":122},[49,5575,126],{"class":63},[49,5577,5026],{"class":122},[49,5579,126],{"class":63},[49,5581,5031],{"class":112},[49,5583,1436],{"class":63},[20,5585,573],{},[40,5587,5588],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5589,5590],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5591,5592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5593,1194],{"class":583},[20,5595,5596,5597,109],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5598,3348],{},[35,5600,5602],{"id":5601},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5604,5605,5607,5608,109],{},[15,5606,4856],{}," is often used with a ",[30,5609,5610],{},"generator expression",[20,5612,5613],{},"This is a common pattern:",[40,5615,5617],{"className":42,"code":5616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5618,5619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5620,5621,5623,5625,5628,5631,5634,5636,5639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5622,5026],{"class":122},[49,5624,126],{"class":63},[49,5626,5627],{"class":112},"condition ",[49,5629,5630],{"class":973},"for",[49,5632,5633],{"class":112}," item ",[49,5635,3555],{"class":973},[49,5637,5638],{"class":112}," items",[49,5640,335],{"class":63},[20,5642,5643],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5645,5646],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[40,5648,5650],{"className":42,"code":5649,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5651,5652,5680,5684,5711],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5653,5654,5656,5658,5660,5662,5664,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5678],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5655,3291],{"class":55},[49,5657,60],{"class":59},[49,5659,3296],{"class":63},[49,5661,2174],{"class":80},[49,5663,84],{"class":63},[49,5665,5666],{"class":80}," 7",[49,5668,84],{"class":63},[49,5670,1891],{"class":59},[49,5672,1725],{"class":80},[49,5674,84],{"class":63},[49,5676,5677],{"class":80}," 10",[49,5679,3309],{"class":63},[49,5681,5682],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5683,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,5685,5686,5688,5690,5693,5695,5697,5699,5701,5703,5705,5707,5709],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,5687,534],{"class":55},[49,5689,60],{"class":59},[49,5691,5692],{"class":122}," any",[49,5694,126],{"class":63},[49,5696,2696],{"class":112},[49,5698,2962],{"class":59},[49,5700,3506],{"class":80},[49,5702,3549],{"class":973},[49,5704,3552],{"class":112},[49,5706,3555],{"class":973},[49,5708,3936],{"class":112},[49,5710,335],{"class":63},[49,5712,5713,5715,5717,5719],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,5714,123],{"class":122},[49,5716,126],{"class":63},[49,5718,558],{"class":112},[49,5720,335],{"class":63},[20,5722,573],{},[40,5724,5725],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5726,5727],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5728,5729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5730,1007],{"class":583},[20,5732,5733,5734,5737],{},"This works because ",[15,5735,5736],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[155,5739,5740,5748,5755],{},[158,5741,5742,5745,5746],{},[15,5743,5744],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5747,3348],{},[158,5749,5750,5745,5753],{},[15,5751,5752],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5754,3348],{},[158,5756,5757,5745,5760],{},[15,5758,5759],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5761,3276],{},[20,5763,5764,5765,5767,5768,5770,5771,109],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5766,3276],{}," result, ",[15,5769,4856],{}," can return ",[15,5772,3276],{},[20,5774,5775],{},"Here is another example:",[40,5777,5779],{"className":42,"code":5778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5780,5781,5810,5814,5844],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5782,5783,5785,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5800,5802,5804,5806,5808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5784,3742],{"class":55},[49,5786,60],{"class":59},[49,5788,3296],{"class":63},[49,5790,68],{"class":67},[49,5792,3751],{"class":71},[49,5794,68],{"class":67},[49,5796,84],{"class":63},[49,5798,5799],{"class":67}," \"\"",[49,5801,84],{"class":63},[49,5803,87],{"class":67},[49,5805,3760],{"class":71},[49,5807,68],{"class":67},[49,5809,3309],{"class":63},[49,5811,5812],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5813,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,5815,5816,5819,5821,5823,5825,5828,5830,5832,5834,5837,5839,5842],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,5817,5818],{"class":55},"has_empty_string ",[49,5820,60],{"class":59},[49,5822,5692],{"class":122},[49,5824,126],{"class":63},[49,5826,5827],{"class":112},"word ",[49,5829,4362],{"class":59},[49,5831,5799],{"class":67},[49,5833,3549],{"class":973},[49,5835,5836],{"class":112}," word ",[49,5838,3555],{"class":973},[49,5840,5841],{"class":112}," words",[49,5843,335],{"class":63},[49,5845,5846,5848,5850,5853],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,5847,123],{"class":122},[49,5849,126],{"class":63},[49,5851,5852],{"class":112},"has_empty_string",[49,5854,335],{"class":63},[20,5856,573],{},[40,5858,5859],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5860,5861],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5862,5863],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5864,1007],{"class":583},[20,5866,5867,5868,109],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[72,5869,5871],{"href":5870},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[35,5873,5875],{"id":5874},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5877,5878,5879,77],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5880,3348],{},[40,5882,5884],{"className":42,"code":5883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5885,5886],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5887,5888,5890,5892,5894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5889,123],{"class":122},[49,5891,126],{"class":63},[49,5893,5026],{"class":122},[49,5895,4101],{"class":63},[20,5897,573],{},[40,5899,5900],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5901,5902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5903,5904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5905,1194],{"class":583},[20,5907,5908],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5910,5911,5912,5914],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5913,4856],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5916,5917],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[40,5919,5921],{"className":42,"code":5920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5922,5923,5933,5948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5924,5925,5927,5929,5931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5926,123],{"class":122},[49,5928,126],{"class":63},[49,5930,5026],{"class":122},[49,5932,4159],{"class":63},[49,5934,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943,5946],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5936,123],{"class":122},[49,5938,126],{"class":63},[49,5940,5026],{"class":122},[49,5942,126],{"class":63},[49,5944,5945],{"class":67},"\"\"",[49,5947,1436],{"class":63},[49,5949,5950,5952,5954,5956,5958,5961],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,5951,123],{"class":122},[49,5953,126],{"class":63},[49,5955,5026],{"class":122},[49,5957,126],{"class":63},[49,5959,5960],{"class":1428},"set",[49,5962,5963],{"class":63},"()))\n",[20,5965,573],{},[40,5967,5969],{"className":42,"code":5968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5970,5971,5975,5979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5972,5973],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5974,1194],{"class":583},[49,5976,5977],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,5978,1194],{"class":583},[49,5980,5981],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,5982,1194],{"class":583},[35,5984,5986],{"id":5985},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5988,1762,5989,5991],{},[15,5990,4856],{}," when you want to:",[155,5993,5994,5997,6000],{},[158,5995,5996],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[158,5998,5999],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[158,6001,6002],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6004,6005],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[40,6007,6009],{"className":42,"code":6008,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6010,6011,6036,6040,6050,6054,6068,6087,6096,6101,6105],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6012,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6034],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6014,3291],{"class":55},[49,6016,60],{"class":59},[49,6018,3296],{"class":63},[49,6020,2659],{"class":80},[49,6022,84],{"class":63},[49,6024,2120],{"class":80},[49,6026,84],{"class":63},[49,6028,4279],{"class":80},[49,6030,84],{"class":63},[49,6032,6033],{"class":80}," 8",[49,6035,3309],{"class":63},[49,6037,6038],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6039,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,6041,6042,6045,6047],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,6043,6044],{"class":55},"found_even ",[49,6046,60],{"class":59},[49,6048,6049],{"class":583}," False\n",[49,6051,6052],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,6053,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,6055,6056,6058,6061,6063,6065],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,6057,5630],{"class":973},[49,6059,6060],{"class":55}," number ",[49,6062,3555],{"class":973},[49,6064,3936],{"class":55},[49,6066,6067],{"class":63},":\n",[49,6069,6070,6073,6075,6078,6080,6083,6085],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,6071,6072],{"class":973},"    if",[49,6074,6060],{"class":55},[49,6076,6077],{"class":59},"%",[49,6079,97],{"class":80},[49,6081,6082],{"class":59}," ==",[49,6084,3506],{"class":80},[49,6086,6067],{"class":63},[49,6088,6089,6092,6094],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,6090,6091],{"class":55},"        found_even ",[49,6093,60],{"class":59},[49,6095,1308],{"class":583},[49,6097,6098],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,6099,6100],{"class":973},"        break\n",[49,6102,6103],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,6104,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,6106,6107,6109,6111,6114],{"class":51,"line":355},[49,6108,123],{"class":122},[49,6110,126],{"class":63},[49,6112,6113],{"class":112},"found_even",[49,6115,335],{"class":63},[20,6117,6118],{},"You can write:",[40,6120,6122],{"className":42,"code":6121,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6123,6124,6148],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6125,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6144,6146],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6127,3291],{"class":55},[49,6129,60],{"class":59},[49,6131,3296],{"class":63},[49,6133,2659],{"class":80},[49,6135,84],{"class":63},[49,6137,2120],{"class":80},[49,6139,84],{"class":63},[49,6141,4279],{"class":80},[49,6143,84],{"class":63},[49,6145,6033],{"class":80},[49,6147,3309],{"class":63},[49,6149,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6151,123],{"class":122},[49,6153,126],{"class":63},[49,6155,5026],{"class":122},[49,6157,126],{"class":63},[49,6159,1886],{"class":112},[49,6161,6077],{"class":59},[49,6163,97],{"class":80},[49,6165,6082],{"class":59},[49,6167,3506],{"class":80},[49,6169,3549],{"class":973},[49,6171,6060],{"class":112},[49,6173,3555],{"class":973},[49,6175,3936],{"class":112},[49,6177,1436],{"class":63},[20,6179,6180,6181,6183],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6182,4856],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[35,6185,4192],{"id":4191},[20,6187,6188,6189,109],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6190,4856],{},[591,6192,6194],{"id":6193},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6196,4199],{},[40,6198,6200],{"className":42,"code":6199,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6201,6202],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6203,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6214],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6205,123],{"class":122},[49,6207,126],{"class":63},[49,6209,5026],{"class":122},[49,6211,126],{"class":63},[49,6213,1807],{"class":80},[49,6215,1436],{"class":63},[20,6217,6218,6219,6221],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6220,1807],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6223,6224],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[40,6226,6228],{"className":42,"code":6227,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6229,6230],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6231,6232,6234,6236,6238,6240,6242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6233,123],{"class":122},[49,6235,126],{"class":63},[49,6237,5026],{"class":122},[49,6239,2656],{"class":63},[49,6241,1807],{"class":80},[49,6243,2670],{"class":63},[591,6245,6247],{"id":6246},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6249,6250,6252,6253,6256],{},[15,6251,4856],{}," needs only ",[30,6254,6255],{},"one"," truthy item.",[40,6258,6260],{"className":42,"code":6259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6261,6262],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6263,6264,6266,6268,6270,6272,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6265,123],{"class":122},[49,6267,126],{"class":63},[49,6269,5026],{"class":122},[49,6271,2656],{"class":63},[49,6273,3348],{"class":583},[49,6275,84],{"class":63},[49,6277,3580],{"class":583},[49,6279,84],{"class":63},[49,6281,3589],{"class":583},[49,6283,2670],{"class":63},[20,6285,573],{},[40,6287,6288],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6289,6290],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6291,6292],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6293,1007],{"class":583},[20,6295,6296,6297,6301],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[72,6298,6299],{"href":5098},[15,6300,3250],{}," instead.",[591,6303,6305],{"id":6304},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6307,6308,6309,109],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6310,6311],{},"\"True\"",[40,6313,6315],{"className":42,"code":6314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6316,6317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6318,6319,6321,6323,6325,6327,6329,6331,6333],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6320,123],{"class":122},[49,6322,126],{"class":63},[49,6324,5026],{"class":122},[49,6326,2656],{"class":63},[49,6328,68],{"class":67},[49,6330,3348],{"class":71},[49,6332,68],{"class":67},[49,6334,2670],{"class":63},[20,6336,573],{},[40,6338,6339],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6340,6341],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6342,6343],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6344,1007],{"class":583},[20,6346,6347,6348,6351],{},"That is because ",[15,6349,6350],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[591,6353,6355],{"id":6354},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6357,6358],{},"This works:",[40,6360,6362],{"className":42,"code":6361,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6363,6364,6384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6365,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6367,3291],{"class":55},[49,6369,60],{"class":59},[49,6371,3296],{"class":63},[49,6373,2659],{"class":80},[49,6375,84],{"class":63},[49,6377,97],{"class":80},[49,6379,84],{"class":63},[49,6381,2120],{"class":80},[49,6383,3309],{"class":63},[49,6385,6386,6388,6390,6392,6394,6396,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6387,123],{"class":122},[49,6389,126],{"class":63},[49,6391,5026],{"class":122},[49,6393,2656],{"class":63},[49,6395,2696],{"class":112},[49,6397,3925],{"class":59},[49,6399,97],{"class":80},[49,6401,3549],{"class":973},[49,6403,3552],{"class":112},[49,6405,3555],{"class":973},[49,6407,3936],{"class":112},[49,6409,2670],{"class":63},[20,6411,6412],{},"But this is usually better:",[40,6414,6416],{"className":42,"code":6415,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6417,6418,6438],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6419,6420,6422,6424,6426,6428,6430,6432,6434,6436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6421,3291],{"class":55},[49,6423,60],{"class":59},[49,6425,3296],{"class":63},[49,6427,2659],{"class":80},[49,6429,84],{"class":63},[49,6431,97],{"class":80},[49,6433,84],{"class":63},[49,6435,2120],{"class":80},[49,6437,3309],{"class":63},[49,6439,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450,6452,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6441,123],{"class":122},[49,6443,126],{"class":63},[49,6445,5026],{"class":122},[49,6447,126],{"class":63},[49,6449,2696],{"class":112},[49,6451,3925],{"class":59},[49,6453,97],{"class":80},[49,6455,3549],{"class":973},[49,6457,3552],{"class":112},[49,6459,3555],{"class":973},[49,6461,3936],{"class":112},[49,6463,1436],{"class":63},[20,6465,6466],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[35,6468,1498],{"id":1497},[591,6470,6472],{"id":6471},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6474,1518,6475,6477,6478,109],{},[15,6476,3276],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6479,3348],{},[591,6481,6483],{"id":6482},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6485,6486,480,6488,6490],{},[15,6487,4856],{},[15,6489,3348],{}," for an empty iterable.",[591,6492,6494],{"id":6493},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6496,6497,6499,6500,6502],{},[15,6498,4856],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6501,3250],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[591,6504,6506],{"id":6505},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6508,6509],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[40,6511,6512],{"className":42,"code":5616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6513,6514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6515,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528,6530],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6517,5026],{"class":122},[49,6519,126],{"class":63},[49,6521,5627],{"class":112},[49,6523,5630],{"class":973},[49,6525,5633],{"class":112},[49,6527,3555],{"class":973},[49,6529,5638],{"class":112},[49,6531,335],{"class":63},[20,6533,5145],{},[40,6535,6536],{"className":42,"code":6415,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6537,6538,6558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6539,6540,6542,6544,6546,6548,6550,6552,6554,6556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6541,3291],{"class":55},[49,6543,60],{"class":59},[49,6545,3296],{"class":63},[49,6547,2659],{"class":80},[49,6549,84],{"class":63},[49,6551,97],{"class":80},[49,6553,84],{"class":63},[49,6555,2120],{"class":80},[49,6557,3309],{"class":63},[49,6559,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568,6570,6572,6574,6576,6578,6580,6582],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6561,123],{"class":122},[49,6563,126],{"class":63},[49,6565,5026],{"class":122},[49,6567,126],{"class":63},[49,6569,2696],{"class":112},[49,6571,3925],{"class":59},[49,6573,97],{"class":80},[49,6575,3549],{"class":973},[49,6577,3552],{"class":112},[49,6579,3555],{"class":973},[49,6581,3936],{"class":112},[49,6583,1436],{"class":63},[35,6585,1550],{"id":1549},[155,6587,6588,6594,6598,6602,6607],{},[158,6589,6590],{},[72,6591,6592,3180],{"href":5098},[15,6593,3250],{},[158,6595,6596],{},[72,6597,3479],{"href":5449},[158,6599,6600],{},[72,6601,4888],{"href":5258},[158,6603,6604],{},[72,6605,6606],{"href":5870},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[158,6608,6609],{},[72,6610,6611,3180],{"href":5452},[15,6612,3485],{},[1597,6614,6615],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":6617},[6618,6619,6620,6621,6622,6623,6624,6625,6631,6637],{"id":5048,"depth":103,"text":5049},{"id":5103,"depth":103,"text":5104},{"id":3402,"depth":103,"text":3403},{"id":5458,"depth":103,"text":5459},{"id":5601,"depth":103,"text":5602},{"id":5874,"depth":103,"text":5875},{"id":5985,"depth":103,"text":5986},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":6626},[6627,6628,6629,6630],{"id":6193,"depth":119,"text":6194},{"id":6246,"depth":119,"text":6247},{"id":6304,"depth":119,"text":6305},{"id":6354,"depth":119,"text":6355},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":6632},[6633,6634,6635,6636],{"id":6471,"depth":119,"text":6472},{"id":6482,"depth":119,"text":6483},{"id":6493,"depth":119,"text":6494},{"id":6505,"depth":119,"text":6506},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4951,"description":6638},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6644,"title":6645,"body":6646,"description":8779,"extension":1632,"meta":8780,"navigation":312,"path":8781,"seo":8782,"stem":8783,"__hash__":8784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6647,"toc":8742},[6648,6651,6660,6670,6672,6769,6771,6800,6816,6820,6825,6828,6838,6844,6850,6866,6868,6876,6883,6887,6890,6905,6910,6928,6933,6935,6983,6985,7002,7006,7012,7015,7050,7052,7158,7160,7197,7201,7209,7211,7231,7233,7353,7355,7384,7387,7410,7412,7420,7428,7432,7438,7442,7485,7487,7495,7498,7526,7528,7536,7540,7569,7571,7579,7611,7613,7621,7625,7676,7678,7686,7694,7698,7701,7754,7756,7777,7784,7788,7794,7797,7805,7827,7829,7837,7845,7868,7870,7878,7883,7888,7900,7902,7943,7954,7958,7967,7970,7973,8032,8035,8087,8090,8096,8112,8118,8120,8125,8133,8136,8158,8160,8168,8173,8176,8211,8213,8221,8225,8230,8268,8280,8283,8337,8345,8349,8352,8374,8383,8386,8427,8429,8452,8458,8464,8479,8481,8501,8504,8523,8525,8544,8548,8554,8633,8636,8650,8657,8659,8663,8670,8674,8678,8682,8687,8691,8696,8700,8707,8709,8739],[10,6649,6645],{"id":6650},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6652,150,6653,6655,6656,2548,6658,109],{},[15,6654,3485],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6657,3276],{},[15,6659,3348],{},[20,6661,6662,6663,6665,6666,6669],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6664,3485],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6667,6668],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[35,6671,3281],{"id":3280},[40,6673,6675],{"className":42,"code":6674,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6676,6677,6691,6705,6719,6737,6747],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6678,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687,6689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6680,123],{"class":122},[49,6682,126],{"class":63},[49,6684,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6686,126],{"class":63},[49,6688,1790],{"class":80},[49,6690,1436],{"class":63},[49,6692,6693,6695,6697,6699,6701,6703],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6694,123],{"class":122},[49,6696,126],{"class":63},[49,6698,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6700,126],{"class":63},[49,6702,2659],{"class":80},[49,6704,1436],{"class":63},[49,6706,6707,6709,6711,6713,6715,6717],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,6708,123],{"class":122},[49,6710,126],{"class":63},[49,6712,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6714,126],{"class":63},[49,6716,5945],{"class":67},[49,6718,1436],{"class":63},[49,6720,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733,6735],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,6722,123],{"class":122},[49,6724,126],{"class":63},[49,6726,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6728,126],{"class":63},[49,6730,68],{"class":67},[49,6732,3518],{"class":71},[49,6734,68],{"class":67},[49,6736,1436],{"class":63},[49,6738,6739,6741,6743,6745],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,6740,123],{"class":122},[49,6742,126],{"class":63},[49,6744,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6746,4101],{"class":63},[49,6748,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,6750,123],{"class":122},[49,6752,126],{"class":63},[49,6754,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6756,2656],{"class":63},[49,6758,2659],{"class":80},[49,6760,84],{"class":63},[49,6762,97],{"class":80},[49,6764,84],{"class":63},[49,6766,2120],{"class":80},[49,6768,2670],{"class":63},[20,6770,380],{},[40,6772,6774],{"className":42,"code":6773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6775,6776,6780,6784,6788,6792,6796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6777,6778],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6779,1194],{"class":583},[49,6781,6782],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6783,1007],{"class":583},[49,6785,6786],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,6787,1194],{"class":583},[49,6789,6790],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,6791,1007],{"class":583},[49,6793,6794],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,6795,1194],{"class":583},[49,6797,6798],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,6799,1007],{"class":583},[20,6801,1762,6802,6805,6806,2548,6808,6810,6811,6813,6814,109],{},[15,6803,6804],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6807,3276],{},[15,6809,3348],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6812,3348],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6815,3276],{},[35,6817,6819],{"id":6818},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6821,6822,6824],{},[15,6823,3485],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6826,6827],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[155,6829,6830,6834],{},[158,6831,6832],{},[15,6833,3276],{},[158,6835,6836],{},[15,6837,3348],{},[20,6839,6840,6841,6843],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6842,6668],{}," statements.",[20,6845,6846,6847,6849],{},"You can also call ",[15,6848,3485],{}," with no argument:",[40,6851,6853],{"className":42,"code":6852,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool())\n",[15,6854,6855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6856,6857,6859,6861,6863],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6858,123],{"class":122},[49,6860,126],{"class":63},[49,6862,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6864,6865],{"class":63},"())\n",[20,6867,573],{},[40,6869,6870],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6871,6872],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6873,6874],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6875,1194],{"class":583},[20,6877,6878,6879,109],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[72,6880,6882],{"href":6881},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[35,6884,6886],{"id":6885},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6888,6889],{},"The basic syntax is:",[40,6891,6893],{"className":42,"code":6892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bool(value)\n",[15,6894,6895],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6896,6897,6899,6901,6903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6898,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6900,126],{"class":63},[49,6902,2142],{"class":112},[49,6904,335],{"class":63},[20,6906,150,6907,6909],{},[15,6908,2142],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[155,6911,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920,6923,6925],{},[158,6913,3323],{},[158,6915,4981],{},[158,6917,4972],{},[158,6919,4975],{},[158,6921,6922],{},"dictionaries",[158,6924,4978],{},[158,6926,6927],{},"other objects",[20,6929,6930,6931,109],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6932,3348],{},[20,6934,1244],{},[40,6936,6938],{"className":42,"code":6937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6939,6940,6954,6973],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6941,6942,6944,6946,6948,6950,6952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6943,123],{"class":122},[49,6945,126],{"class":63},[49,6947,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6949,126],{"class":63},[49,6951,1999],{"class":80},[49,6953,1436],{"class":63},[49,6955,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964,6966,6969,6971],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6957,123],{"class":122},[49,6959,126],{"class":63},[49,6961,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6963,126],{"class":63},[49,6965,68],{"class":67},[49,6967,6968],{"class":71},"Python",[49,6970,68],{"class":67},[49,6972,1436],{"class":63},[49,6974,6975,6977,6979,6981],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,6976,123],{"class":122},[49,6978,126],{"class":63},[49,6980,3540],{"class":1428},[49,6982,6865],{"class":63},[20,6984,573],{},[40,6986,6988],{"className":42,"code":6987,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6989,6990,6994,6998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6991,6992],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6993,1007],{"class":583},[49,6995,6996],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,6997,1007],{"class":583},[49,6999,7000],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,7001,1194],{"class":583},[35,7003,7005],{"id":7004},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7007,7008,7009,7011],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[30,7010,5268],{}," values.",[20,7013,7014],{},"Common examples:",[155,7016,7017,7021,7025,7029,7033,7038,7042,7046],{},[158,7018,7019],{},[15,7020,1790],{},[158,7022,7023],{},[15,7024,3442],{},[158,7026,7027],{},[15,7028,5945],{},[158,7030,7031],{},[15,7032,3460],{},[158,7034,7035],{},[15,7036,7037],{},"()",[158,7039,7040],{},[15,7041,175],{},[158,7043,7044],{},[15,7045,3469],{},[158,7047,7048],{},[15,7049,169],{},[20,7051,1244],{},[40,7053,7055],{"className":42,"code":7054,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7056,7057,7071,7085,7099,7109,7119,7130,7144],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7058,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7060,123],{"class":122},[49,7062,126],{"class":63},[49,7064,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7066,126],{"class":63},[49,7068,1790],{"class":80},[49,7070,1436],{"class":63},[49,7072,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7074,123],{"class":122},[49,7076,126],{"class":63},[49,7078,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7080,126],{"class":63},[49,7082,3442],{"class":80},[49,7084,1436],{"class":63},[49,7086,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,7088,123],{"class":122},[49,7090,126],{"class":63},[49,7092,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7094,126],{"class":63},[49,7096,5945],{"class":67},[49,7098,1436],{"class":63},[49,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,7102,123],{"class":122},[49,7104,126],{"class":63},[49,7106,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7108,4101],{"class":63},[49,7110,7111,7113,7115,7117],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,7112,123],{"class":122},[49,7114,126],{"class":63},[49,7116,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7118,4159],{"class":63},[49,7120,7121,7123,7125,7127],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,7122,123],{"class":122},[49,7124,126],{"class":63},[49,7126,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7128,7129],{"class":63},"({}))\n",[49,7131,7132,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,7133,123],{"class":122},[49,7135,126],{"class":63},[49,7137,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7139,126],{"class":63},[49,7141,5960],{"class":1428},[49,7143,5963],{"class":63},[49,7145,7146,7148,7150,7152,7154,7156],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,7147,123],{"class":122},[49,7149,126],{"class":63},[49,7151,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7153,126],{"class":63},[49,7155,169],{"class":583},[49,7157,1436],{"class":63},[20,7159,573],{},[40,7161,7163],{"className":42,"code":7162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7164,7165,7169,7173,7177,7181,7185,7189,7193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7166,7167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7168,1194],{"class":583},[49,7170,7171],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7172,1194],{"class":583},[49,7174,7175],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,7176,1194],{"class":583},[49,7178,7179],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,7180,1194],{"class":583},[49,7182,7183],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,7184,1194],{"class":583},[49,7186,7187],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,7188,1194],{"class":583},[49,7190,7191],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,7192,1194],{"class":583},[49,7194,7195],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,7196,1194],{"class":583},[35,7198,7200],{"id":7199},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7202,7203,7204,7206,7207,7011],{},"Many values become ",[15,7205,3276],{},". These are often called ",[30,7208,5265],{},[20,7210,7014],{},[155,7212,7213,7216,7219,7222,7225,7228],{},[158,7214,7215],{},"non-zero numbers",[158,7217,7218],{},"non-empty strings",[158,7220,7221],{},"non-empty lists",[158,7223,7224],{},"non-empty tuples",[158,7226,7227],{},"non-empty sets",[158,7229,7230],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7232,1244],{},[40,7234,7236],{"className":42,"code":7235,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7237,7238,7252,7268,7286,7308,7326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7239,7240,7242,7244,7246,7248,7250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7241,123],{"class":122},[49,7243,126],{"class":63},[49,7245,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7247,126],{"class":63},[49,7249,1807],{"class":80},[49,7251,1436],{"class":63},[49,7253,7254,7256,7258,7260,7262,7264,7266],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7255,123],{"class":122},[49,7257,126],{"class":63},[49,7259,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7261,126],{"class":63},[49,7263,1690],{"class":59},[49,7265,1725],{"class":80},[49,7267,1436],{"class":63},[49,7269,7270,7272,7274,7276,7278,7280,7282,7284],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,7271,123],{"class":122},[49,7273,126],{"class":63},[49,7275,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7277,126],{"class":63},[49,7279,68],{"class":67},[49,7281,3518],{"class":71},[49,7283,68],{"class":67},[49,7285,1436],{"class":63},[49,7287,7288,7290,7292,7294,7296,7298,7300,7302,7304,7306],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,7289,123],{"class":122},[49,7291,126],{"class":63},[49,7293,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7295,2656],{"class":63},[49,7297,2659],{"class":80},[49,7299,84],{"class":63},[49,7301,97],{"class":80},[49,7303,84],{"class":63},[49,7305,2120],{"class":80},[49,7307,2670],{"class":63},[49,7309,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,7311,123],{"class":122},[49,7313,126],{"class":63},[49,7315,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7317,5183],{"class":63},[49,7319,2659],{"class":80},[49,7321,84],{"class":63},[49,7323,97],{"class":80},[49,7325,2582],{"class":63},[49,7327,7328,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344,7346,7349,7351],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,7329,123],{"class":122},[49,7331,126],{"class":63},[49,7333,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7335,5202],{"class":63},[49,7337,68],{"class":67},[49,7339,251],{"class":71},[49,7341,68],{"class":67},[49,7343,77],{"class":63},[49,7345,87],{"class":67},[49,7347,7348],{"class":71},"Sam",[49,7350,68],{"class":67},[49,7352,5211],{"class":63},[20,7354,573],{},[40,7356,7358],{"className":42,"code":7357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7359,7360,7364,7368,7372,7376,7380],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7361,7362],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7363,1007],{"class":583},[49,7365,7366],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7367,1007],{"class":583},[49,7369,7370],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,7371,1007],{"class":583},[49,7373,7374],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,7375,1007],{"class":583},[49,7377,7378],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,7379,1007],{"class":583},[49,7381,7382],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,7383,1007],{"class":583},[20,7385,7386],{},"One important example is this:",[40,7388,7390],{"className":42,"code":7389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7391,7392],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7393,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7395,123],{"class":122},[49,7397,126],{"class":63},[49,7399,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7401,126],{"class":63},[49,7403,68],{"class":67},[49,7405,3348],{"class":71},[49,7407,68],{"class":67},[49,7409,1436],{"class":63},[20,7411,573],{},[40,7413,7414],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7415,7416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7417,7418],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7419,1007],{"class":583},[20,7421,7422,7423,7425,7426,109],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7424,6350],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7427,3276],{},[35,7429,7431],{"id":7430},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7433,7434,7435,7437],{},"You can use ",[15,7436,3485],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[591,7439,7441],{"id":7440},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[40,7443,7445],{"className":42,"code":7444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7446,7447,7470],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7448,7449,7452,7454,7456,7458,7460,7463,7465,7468],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7450,7451],{"class":55},"items ",[49,7453,60],{"class":59},[49,7455,3296],{"class":63},[49,7457,1999],{"class":80},[49,7459,84],{"class":63},[49,7461,7462],{"class":80}," 20",[49,7464,84],{"class":63},[49,7466,7467],{"class":80}," 30",[49,7469,3309],{"class":63},[49,7471,7472,7474,7476,7478,7480,7483],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7473,123],{"class":122},[49,7475,126],{"class":63},[49,7477,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7479,126],{"class":63},[49,7481,7482],{"class":112},"items",[49,7484,1436],{"class":63},[20,7486,573],{},[40,7488,7489],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7490,7491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7492,7493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7494,1007],{"class":583},[20,7496,7497],{},"With an empty list:",[40,7499,7501],{"className":42,"code":7500,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7502,7503,7512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7504,7505,7507,7509],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7506,7451],{"class":55},[49,7508,60],{"class":59},[49,7510,7511],{"class":63}," []\n",[49,7513,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7515,123],{"class":122},[49,7517,126],{"class":63},[49,7519,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7521,126],{"class":63},[49,7523,7482],{"class":112},[49,7525,1436],{"class":63},[20,7527,573],{},[40,7529,7530],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7531,7532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7533,7534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7535,1194],{"class":583},[591,7537,7539],{"id":7538},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[40,7541,7543],{"className":42,"code":7542,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7544,7545,7555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7546,7547,7550,7552],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7548,7549],{"class":55},"name ",[49,7551,60],{"class":59},[49,7553,7554],{"class":67}," \"\"\n",[49,7556,7557,7559,7561,7563,7565,7567],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7558,123],{"class":122},[49,7560,126],{"class":63},[49,7562,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7564,126],{"class":63},[49,7566,251],{"class":112},[49,7568,1436],{"class":63},[20,7570,573],{},[40,7572,7573],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7574,7575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7576,7577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7578,1194],{"class":583},[40,7580,7582],{"className":42,"code":7581,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7583,7584,7597],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7585,7586,7588,7590,7592,7595],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7587,7549],{"class":55},[49,7589,60],{"class":59},[49,7591,87],{"class":67},[49,7593,7594],{"class":71},"Mia",[49,7596,301],{"class":67},[49,7598,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607,7609],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7600,123],{"class":122},[49,7602,126],{"class":63},[49,7604,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7606,126],{"class":63},[49,7608,251],{"class":112},[49,7610,1436],{"class":63},[20,7612,573],{},[40,7614,7615],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7616,7617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7618,7619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7620,1007],{"class":583},[591,7622,7624],{"id":7623},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[40,7626,7628],{"className":42,"code":7627,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7629,7630,7644,7661,7665],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7631,7632,7635,7637,7639,7642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7633,7634],{"class":55},"username ",[49,7636,60],{"class":59},[49,7638,87],{"class":67},[49,7640,7641],{"class":71},"alex",[49,7643,301],{"class":67},[49,7645,7646,7649,7651,7654,7656,7659],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7647,7648],{"class":55},"has_name ",[49,7650,60],{"class":59},[49,7652,7653],{"class":1428}," bool",[49,7655,126],{"class":63},[49,7657,7658],{"class":112},"username",[49,7660,335],{"class":63},[49,7662,7663],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,7664,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,7666,7667,7669,7671,7674],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,7668,123],{"class":122},[49,7670,126],{"class":63},[49,7672,7673],{"class":112},"has_name",[49,7675,335],{"class":63},[20,7677,573],{},[40,7679,7680],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7681,7682],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7683,7684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7685,1007],{"class":583},[20,7687,7688,7689,2548,7691,7693],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7690,3276],{},[15,7692,3348],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[591,7695,7697],{"id":7696},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7699,7700],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[40,7702,7704],{"className":42,"code":7703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7705,7706,7726,7730,7738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7707,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718,7720,7722,7724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7709,3291],{"class":55},[49,7711,60],{"class":59},[49,7713,3296],{"class":63},[49,7715,2659],{"class":80},[49,7717,84],{"class":63},[49,7719,97],{"class":80},[49,7721,84],{"class":63},[49,7723,2120],{"class":80},[49,7725,3309],{"class":63},[49,7727,7728],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7729,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,7731,7732,7734,7736],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,7733,6668],{"class":973},[49,7735,3936],{"class":55},[49,7737,6067],{"class":63},[49,7739,7740,7743,7745,7747,7750,7752],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,7741,7742],{"class":122},"    print",[49,7744,126],{"class":63},[49,7746,68],{"class":67},[49,7748,7749],{"class":71},"The list is not empty",[49,7751,68],{"class":67},[49,7753,335],{"class":63},[20,7755,573],{},[40,7757,7759],{"className":42,"code":7758,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7760,7761],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7762,7763,7765,7768,7771,7774],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7764,150],{"class":55},[49,7766,7767],{"class":1428},"list",[49,7769,7770],{"class":59}," is",[49,7772,7773],{"class":59}," not",[49,7775,7776],{"class":55}," empty\n",[20,7778,7779,7780,109],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[72,7781,7783],{"href":7782},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[35,7785,7787],{"id":7786},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7789,7790,7791,7793],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7792,3485],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7795,7796],{},"It does not do that.",[591,7798,7800,480,7803],{"id":7799},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7801,7802],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7804,3276],{},[40,7806,7807],{"className":42,"code":7389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7808,7809],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7810,7811,7813,7815,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7812,123],{"class":122},[49,7814,126],{"class":63},[49,7816,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7818,126],{"class":63},[49,7820,68],{"class":67},[49,7822,3348],{"class":71},[49,7824,68],{"class":67},[49,7826,1436],{"class":63},[20,7828,573],{},[40,7830,7831],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7832,7833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7834,7835],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7836,1007],{"class":583},[591,7838,7840,480,7843],{"id":7839},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7841,7842],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7844,3276],{},[40,7846,7848],{"className":42,"code":7847,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7849,7850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7851,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7853,123],{"class":122},[49,7855,126],{"class":63},[49,7857,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7859,126],{"class":63},[49,7861,68],{"class":67},[49,7863,1790],{"class":71},[49,7865,68],{"class":67},[49,7867,1436],{"class":63},[20,7869,573],{},[40,7871,7872],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7873,7874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7875,7876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7877,1007],{"class":583},[20,7879,7880,7881,109],{},"This happens because both values are ",[30,7882,7218],{},[20,7884,7885,7887],{},[15,7886,3485],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7889,7890,7891,7896,7897,7899],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[72,7892,7894],{"href":7893},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7895,2628],{},", because ",[15,7898,2628],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7901,1244],{},[40,7903,7905],{"className":42,"code":7904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7906,7907,7928],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7908,7909,7912,7914,7917,7919,7921,7924,7926],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7910,7911],{"class":55},"user_value ",[49,7913,60],{"class":59},[49,7915,7916],{"class":122}," input",[49,7918,126],{"class":63},[49,7920,68],{"class":67},[49,7922,7923],{"class":71},"Enter True or False: ",[49,7925,68],{"class":67},[49,7927,335],{"class":63},[49,7929,7930,7932,7934,7936,7938,7941],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,7931,123],{"class":122},[49,7933,126],{"class":63},[49,7935,3540],{"class":1428},[49,7937,126],{"class":63},[49,7939,7940],{"class":112},"user_value",[49,7942,1436],{"class":63},[20,7944,7945,7946,7948,7949,7896,7951,7953],{},"If the user types ",[15,7947,3348],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7950,3276],{},[15,7952,6350],{}," is not empty.",[35,7955,7957],{"id":7956},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7959,7960,7961,7963,7964,7966],{},"In many ",[15,7962,6668],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7965,3485],{}," yourself.",[20,7968,7969],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7971,7972],{},"Instead of this:",[40,7974,7976],{"className":42,"code":7975,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7977,7978,7999,8003,8017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7979,7980,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7981,7982],{"class":55},"my_list ",[49,7984,60],{"class":59},[49,7986,3296],{"class":63},[49,7988,2659],{"class":80},[49,7990,84],{"class":63},[49,7992,97],{"class":80},[49,7994,84],{"class":63},[49,7996,2120],{"class":80},[49,7998,3309],{"class":63},[49,8000,8001],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8002,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,8004,8005,8007,8009,8011,8014],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,8006,6668],{"class":973},[49,8008,7653],{"class":1428},[49,8010,126],{"class":63},[49,8012,8013],{"class":112},"my_list",[49,8015,8016],{"class":63},"):\n",[49,8018,8019,8021,8023,8025,8028,8030],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,8020,7742],{"class":122},[49,8022,126],{"class":63},[49,8024,68],{"class":67},[49,8026,8027],{"class":71},"List has items",[49,8029,68],{"class":67},[49,8031,335],{"class":63},[20,8033,8034],{},"You can simply write:",[40,8036,8038],{"className":42,"code":8037,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8039,8040,8060,8064,8073],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8041,8042,8044,8046,8048,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8043,7982],{"class":55},[49,8045,60],{"class":59},[49,8047,3296],{"class":63},[49,8049,2659],{"class":80},[49,8051,84],{"class":63},[49,8053,97],{"class":80},[49,8055,84],{"class":63},[49,8057,2120],{"class":80},[49,8059,3309],{"class":63},[49,8061,8062],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8063,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,8065,8066,8068,8071],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,8067,6668],{"class":973},[49,8069,8070],{"class":55}," my_list",[49,8072,6067],{"class":63},[49,8074,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,8076,7742],{"class":122},[49,8078,126],{"class":63},[49,8080,68],{"class":67},[49,8082,8027],{"class":71},[49,8084,68],{"class":67},[49,8086,335],{"class":63},[20,8088,8089],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8091,8092,8093,8095],{},"Using ",[15,8094,3485],{}," is still helpful when:",[155,8097,8098,8101,8109],{},[158,8099,8100],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[158,8102,8103,8104,2548,8106,8108],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8105,3276],{},[15,8107,3348],{}," value",[158,8110,8111],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8113,8114,8115,109],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[72,8116,8117],{"href":1967},"Python type() function explained",[35,8119,1376],{"id":1375},[20,8121,8122,8123,109],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8124,3485],{},[591,8126,1392,8128,8130,8131],{"id":8127},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8129,7802],{}," to return ",[15,8132,3348],{},[20,8134,8135],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[40,8137,8138],{"className":42,"code":7389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8139,8140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8141,8142,8144,8146,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8143,123],{"class":122},[49,8145,126],{"class":63},[49,8147,3540],{"class":1428},[49,8149,126],{"class":63},[49,8151,68],{"class":67},[49,8153,3348],{"class":71},[49,8155,68],{"class":67},[49,8157,1436],{"class":63},[20,8159,573],{},[40,8161,8162],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8163,8164],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8165,8166],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8167,1007],{"class":583},[20,8169,8170,8171,6351],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8172,6350],{},[20,8174,8175],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[40,8177,8179],{"className":42,"code":8178,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8180,8181,8193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8182,8183,8185,8187,8189,8191],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8184,2115],{"class":55},[49,8186,60],{"class":59},[49,8188,87],{"class":67},[49,8190,3348],{"class":71},[49,8192,301],{"class":67},[49,8194,8195,8197,8199,8201,8203,8205,8207,8209],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8196,123],{"class":122},[49,8198,126],{"class":63},[49,8200,2115],{"class":112},[49,8202,4362],{"class":59},[49,8204,87],{"class":67},[49,8206,3276],{"class":71},[49,8208,68],{"class":67},[49,8210,335],{"class":63},[20,8212,573],{},[40,8214,8215],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8216,8217],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8218,8219],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8220,1194],{"class":583},[591,8222,8224],{"id":8223},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8226,8227,8229],{},[15,8228,2628],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[40,8231,8233],{"className":42,"code":8232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8234,8235,8254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8236,8237,8239,8241,8243,8245,8247,8250,8252],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8238,2115],{"class":55},[49,8240,60],{"class":59},[49,8242,7916],{"class":122},[49,8244,126],{"class":63},[49,8246,68],{"class":67},[49,8248,8249],{"class":71},"Enter yes or no: ",[49,8251,68],{"class":67},[49,8253,335],{"class":63},[49,8255,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8257,123],{"class":122},[49,8259,126],{"class":63},[49,8261,3540],{"class":1428},[49,8263,126],{"class":63},[49,8265,2142],{"class":112},[49,8267,1436],{"class":63},[20,8269,7945,8270,8273,8274,8276,8277,7953],{},[15,8271,8272],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8275,3276],{}," because ",[15,8278,8279],{},"\"no\"",[20,8281,8282],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[40,8284,8286],{"className":42,"code":8285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8287,8288,8318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8289,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298,8300,8302,8304,8307,8310,8313,8316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8291,2115],{"class":55},[49,8293,60],{"class":59},[49,8295,7916],{"class":122},[49,8297,126],{"class":63},[49,8299,68],{"class":67},[49,8301,8249],{"class":71},[49,8303,68],{"class":67},[49,8305,8306],{"class":63},").",[49,8308,8309],{"class":112},"strip",[49,8311,8312],{"class":63},"().",[49,8314,8315],{"class":112},"lower",[49,8317,116],{"class":63},[49,8319,8320,8322,8324,8326,8328,8330,8333,8335],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8321,123],{"class":122},[49,8323,126],{"class":63},[49,8325,2115],{"class":112},[49,8327,4362],{"class":59},[49,8329,87],{"class":67},[49,8331,8332],{"class":71},"yes",[49,8334,68],{"class":67},[49,8336,335],{"class":63},[20,8338,8339,8340,8342,8343,109],{},"This gives ",[15,8341,3276],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8344,8332],{},[591,8346,8348],{"id":8347},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8350,8351],{},"These are different:",[155,8353,8354,8358,8362,8366,8370],{},[158,8355,8356],{},[15,8357,3348],{},[158,8359,8360],{},[15,8361,1790],{},[158,8363,8364],{},[15,8365,5945],{},[158,8367,8368],{},[15,8369,3460],{},[158,8371,8372],{},[15,8373,169],{},[20,8375,8376,8377,8379,8380,8382],{},"They all become ",[15,8378,3348],{}," with ",[15,8381,3485],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8384,8385],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[40,8387,8389],{"className":42,"code":8388,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8390,8391,8399,8413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8392,8393,8395,8397],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8394,2115],{"class":55},[49,8396,60],{"class":59},[49,8398,7511],{"class":63},[49,8400,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409,8411],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8402,123],{"class":122},[49,8404,126],{"class":63},[49,8406,1429],{"class":1428},[49,8408,126],{"class":63},[49,8410,2142],{"class":112},[49,8412,1436],{"class":63},[49,8414,8415,8417,8419,8421,8423,8425],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,8416,123],{"class":122},[49,8418,126],{"class":63},[49,8420,3540],{"class":1428},[49,8422,126],{"class":63},[49,8424,2142],{"class":112},[49,8426,1436],{"class":63},[20,8428,573],{},[40,8430,8432],{"className":42,"code":8431,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8433,8434,8448],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8435,8436,8438,8440,8442,8444,8446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8437,2962],{"class":59},[49,8439,2965],{"class":1734},[49,8441,406],{"class":67},[49,8443,7767],{"class":71},[49,8445,397],{"class":67},[49,8447,2974],{"class":59},[49,8449,8450],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8451,1194],{"class":583},[591,8453,8092,8455,8457],{"id":8454},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8456,175],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8459,8460,8461,8463],{},"In Python, ",[15,8462,175],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[40,8465,8467],{"className":42,"code":8466,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8468,8469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8470,8471,8473,8475,8477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8472,123],{"class":122},[49,8474,126],{"class":63},[49,8476,1429],{"class":1428},[49,8478,7129],{"class":63},[20,8480,573],{},[40,8482,8484],{"className":42,"code":8483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8485,8486],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8487,8488,8490,8492,8494,8497,8499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8489,2962],{"class":59},[49,8491,2965],{"class":1734},[49,8493,406],{"class":67},[49,8495,8496],{"class":71},"dict",[49,8498,397],{"class":67},[49,8500,2974],{"class":59},[20,8502,8503],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[40,8505,8507],{"className":42,"code":8506,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8508,8509],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8510,8511,8513,8515,8517,8519,8521],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8512,123],{"class":122},[49,8514,126],{"class":63},[49,8516,1429],{"class":1428},[49,8518,126],{"class":63},[49,8520,5960],{"class":1428},[49,8522,5963],{"class":63},[20,8524,573],{},[40,8526,8528],{"className":42,"code":8527,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8529,8530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8531,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8533,2962],{"class":59},[49,8535,2965],{"class":1734},[49,8537,406],{"class":67},[49,8539,5960],{"class":71},[49,8541,397],{"class":67},[49,8543,2974],{"class":59},[35,8545,8547],{"id":8546},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8549,8550,8551,8553],{},"If ",[15,8552,3485],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[40,8555,8557],{"className":42,"code":8556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8558,8559,8573,8587,8597,8615],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8560,8561,8563,8565,8567,8569,8571],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8562,123],{"class":122},[49,8564,126],{"class":63},[49,8566,3540],{"class":1428},[49,8568,126],{"class":63},[49,8570,2142],{"class":112},[49,8572,1436],{"class":63},[49,8574,8575,8577,8579,8581,8583,8585],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8576,123],{"class":122},[49,8578,126],{"class":63},[49,8580,1429],{"class":1428},[49,8582,126],{"class":63},[49,8584,2142],{"class":112},[49,8586,1436],{"class":63},[49,8588,8589,8591,8593,8595],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,8590,123],{"class":122},[49,8592,126],{"class":63},[49,8594,2142],{"class":112},[49,8596,335],{"class":63},[49,8598,8599,8601,8603,8605,8607,8609,8611,8613],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,8600,123],{"class":122},[49,8602,126],{"class":63},[49,8604,2115],{"class":112},[49,8606,4362],{"class":59},[49,8608,87],{"class":67},[49,8610,3276],{"class":71},[49,8612,68],{"class":67},[49,8614,335],{"class":63},[49,8616,8617,8619,8621,8623,8625,8627,8629,8631],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,8618,123],{"class":122},[49,8620,126],{"class":63},[49,8622,2142],{"class":112},[49,8624,109],{"class":63},[49,8626,8309],{"class":112},[49,8628,8312],{"class":63},[49,8630,8315],{"class":112},[49,8632,6865],{"class":63},[20,8634,8635],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[155,8637,8638,8641,8644,8647],{},[158,8639,8640],{},"what the value really is",[158,8642,8643],{},"whether it is a string",[158,8645,8646],{},"whether it contains spaces",[158,8648,8649],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8651,8652,8653,109],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[72,8654,8656],{"href":8655},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[35,8658,1498],{"id":1497},[591,8660,8662],{"id":8661},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8664,8665,8666,2548,8668,109],{},"It returns either ",[15,8667,3276],{},[15,8669,3348],{},[591,8671,8673],{"id":8672},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8675,1518,8676,109],{},[15,8677,3348],{},[591,8679,8681],{"id":8680},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8683,8684,8685,109],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8686,3276],{},[591,8688,8690],{"id":8689},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8692,8693,8694,109],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8695,3348],{},[591,8697,8699],{"id":8698},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8701,8702,8703,2548,8705,3411],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8704,3276],{},[15,8706,3348],{},[35,8708,1550],{"id":1549},[155,8710,8711,8716,8720,8725,8729,8734],{},[158,8712,8713],{},[72,8714,8715],{"href":5449},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[158,8717,8718],{},[72,8719,7783],{"href":7782},[158,8721,8722],{},[72,8723,8724],{"href":7893},"Python input() function explained",[158,8726,8727],{},[72,8728,8117],{"href":1967},[158,8730,8731],{},[72,8732,8733],{"href":8655},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[158,8735,8736],{},[72,8737,8738],{"href":6881},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1597,8740,8741],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":8743},[8744,8745,8746,8747,8748,8749,8755,8761,8762,8770,8771,8778],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":6818,"depth":103,"text":6819},{"id":6885,"depth":103,"text":6886},{"id":7004,"depth":103,"text":7005},{"id":7199,"depth":103,"text":7200},{"id":7430,"depth":103,"text":7431,"children":8750},[8751,8752,8753,8754],{"id":7440,"depth":119,"text":7441},{"id":7538,"depth":119,"text":7539},{"id":7623,"depth":119,"text":7624},{"id":7696,"depth":119,"text":7697},{"id":7786,"depth":103,"text":7787,"children":8756},[8757,8759],{"id":7799,"depth":119,"text":8758},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7839,"depth":119,"text":8760},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7956,"depth":103,"text":7957},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":8763},[8764,8766,8767,8768],{"id":8127,"depth":119,"text":8765},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8223,"depth":119,"text":8224},{"id":8347,"depth":119,"text":8348},{"id":8454,"depth":119,"text":8769},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8546,"depth":103,"text":8547},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":8772},[8773,8774,8775,8776,8777],{"id":8661,"depth":119,"text":8662},{"id":8672,"depth":119,"text":8673},{"id":8680,"depth":119,"text":8681},{"id":8689,"depth":119,"text":8690},{"id":8698,"depth":119,"text":8699},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6645,"description":8779},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8786,"title":8787,"body":8788,"description":10966,"extension":1632,"meta":10967,"navigation":312,"path":10968,"seo":10969,"stem":10970,"__hash__":10971},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8789,"toc":10928},[8790,8796,8802,8809,8814,8825,8829,8936,8940,9006,9011,9016,9021,9024,9035,9040,9043,9054,9060,9062,9067,9071,9096,9100,9108,9112,9175,9179,9212,9216,9261,9265,9302,9306,9309,9365,9369,9415,9418,9423,9462,9466,9489,9492,9505,9517,9521,9526,9593,9597,9633,9636,9644,9647,9711,9715,9747,9753,9755,9815,9822,9825,9903,9907,9940,9944,9947,9991,9995,10031,10034,10051,10054,10057,10109,10112,10123,10130,10139,10142,10199,10203,10244,10252,10260,10266,10274,10286,10291,10302,10375,10378,10390,10404,10408,10412,10416,10418,10461,10467,10470,10533,10537,10540,10549,10554,10591,10595,10598,10606,10609,10648,10652,10655,10706,10710,10731,10738,10740,10746,10773,10776,10831,10834,10845,10847,10854,10862,10868,10873,10880,10883,10890,10897,10899,10925],[10,8791,3247,8793,3251],{"id":8792},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8794,8795],{},"dict()",[20,8797,8798,8799,8801],{},"The built-in ",[15,8800,8795],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8803,8804,8805,8808],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[30,8806,8807],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8810,8811,8813],{},[15,8812,8795],{}," is commonly used to:",[155,8815,8816,8819,8822],{},[158,8817,8818],{},"create an empty dictionary",[158,8820,8821],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[158,8823,8824],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8826,181,8827,109],{},[72,8828,185],{"href":184},[40,8830,8832],{"className":42,"code":8831,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8833,8834,8868,8878,8882,8921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8835,8836,8838,8840,8843,8845,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858,8861,8863,8866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8837,56],{"class":55},[49,8839,60],{"class":59},[49,8841,8842],{"class":1428}," dict",[49,8844,126],{"class":63},[49,8846,251],{"class":8847},"s99_P",[49,8849,60],{"class":59},[49,8851,397],{"class":67},[49,8853,4677],{"class":71},[49,8855,397],{"class":67},[49,8857,84],{"class":63},[49,8859,8860],{"class":8847}," age",[49,8862,60],{"class":59},[49,8864,8865],{"class":80},"25",[49,8867,335],{"class":63},[49,8869,8870,8872,8874,8876],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8871,123],{"class":122},[49,8873,126],{"class":63},[49,8875,106],{"class":112},[49,8877,335],{"class":63},[49,8879,8880],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,8881,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,8883,8884,8887,8889,8892,8894,8896,8898,8900,8902,8905,8908,8910,8912,8914,8916,8918],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,8885,8886],{"class":55},"pairs ",[49,8888,60],{"class":59},[49,8890,8891],{"class":63}," [(",[49,8893,397],{"class":67},[49,8895,72],{"class":71},[49,8897,397],{"class":67},[49,8899,84],{"class":63},[49,8901,81],{"class":80},[49,8903,8904],{"class":63},"),",[49,8906,8907],{"class":63}," (",[49,8909,397],{"class":67},[49,8911,90],{"class":71},[49,8913,397],{"class":67},[49,8915,84],{"class":63},[49,8917,97],{"class":80},[49,8919,8920],{"class":63},")]\n",[49,8922,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931,8934],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,8924,123],{"class":122},[49,8926,126],{"class":63},[49,8928,8496],{"class":1428},[49,8930,126],{"class":63},[49,8932,8933],{"class":112},"pairs",[49,8935,1436],{"class":63},[20,8937,8938],{},[30,8939,573],{},[40,8941,8943],{"className":42,"code":8942,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8944,8945,8978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8946,8947,8950,8952,8954,8956,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8948,8949],{"class":63},"{",[49,8951,397],{"class":67},[49,8953,251],{"class":71},[49,8955,397],{"class":67},[49,8957,77],{"class":63},[49,8959,406],{"class":67},[49,8961,4677],{"class":71},[49,8963,397],{"class":67},[49,8965,84],{"class":63},[49,8967,406],{"class":67},[49,8969,272],{"class":71},[49,8971,397],{"class":67},[49,8973,77],{"class":63},[49,8975,279],{"class":80},[49,8977,100],{"class":63},[49,8979,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000,9002,9004],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,8981,8949],{"class":63},[49,8983,397],{"class":67},[49,8985,72],{"class":71},[49,8987,397],{"class":67},[49,8989,77],{"class":63},[49,8991,81],{"class":80},[49,8993,84],{"class":63},[49,8995,406],{"class":67},[49,8997,90],{"class":71},[49,8999,397],{"class":67},[49,9001,77],{"class":63},[49,9003,97],{"class":80},[49,9005,100],{"class":63},[20,9007,1762,9008,9010],{},[15,9009,8795],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[35,9012,144,9014,147],{"id":9013},"what-dict-does",[15,9015,8795],{},[20,9017,9018,9020],{},[15,9019,8795],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9022,9023],{},"A dictionary:",[155,9025,9026,9029,9032],{},[158,9027,9028],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[158,9030,9031],{},"lets you look up values by key",[158,9033,9034],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9036,9037,9039],{},[15,9038,8795],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9041,9042],{},"Common uses include:",[155,9044,9045,9048,9051],{},[158,9046,9047],{},"making an empty dictionary",[158,9049,9050],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[158,9052,9053],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9055,9056,9057,109],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[72,9058,9059],{"href":1561},"creating a dictionary in Python",[35,9061,189],{"id":188},[20,9063,9064,9066],{},[15,9065,8795],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[591,9068,9070],{"id":9069},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[40,9072,9074],{"className":42,"code":9073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9075,9076,9086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9077,9078,9080,9082,9084],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9079,56],{"class":55},[49,9081,60],{"class":59},[49,9083,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9085,116],{"class":63},[49,9087,9088,9090,9092,9094],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9089,123],{"class":122},[49,9091,126],{"class":63},[49,9093,106],{"class":112},[49,9095,335],{"class":63},[20,9097,9098],{},[30,9099,573],{},[40,9101,9102],{"className":42,"code":589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9103,9104],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9105,9106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9107,589],{"class":63},[591,9109,9111],{"id":9110},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[40,9113,9115],{"className":42,"code":9114,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9116,9117,9151,9165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9118,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135,9137,9139,9141,9143,9145,9147,9149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9120,8886],{"class":55},[49,9122,60],{"class":59},[49,9124,8891],{"class":63},[49,9126,397],{"class":67},[49,9128,72],{"class":71},[49,9130,397],{"class":67},[49,9132,84],{"class":63},[49,9134,81],{"class":80},[49,9136,8904],{"class":63},[49,9138,8907],{"class":63},[49,9140,397],{"class":67},[49,9142,90],{"class":71},[49,9144,397],{"class":67},[49,9146,84],{"class":63},[49,9148,97],{"class":80},[49,9150,8920],{"class":63},[49,9152,9153,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9154,56],{"class":55},[49,9156,60],{"class":59},[49,9158,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9160,126],{"class":63},[49,9162,8933],{"class":112},[49,9164,335],{"class":63},[49,9166,9167,9169,9171,9173],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,9168,123],{"class":122},[49,9170,126],{"class":63},[49,9172,106],{"class":112},[49,9174,335],{"class":63},[20,9176,9177],{},[30,9178,573],{},[40,9180,9182],{"className":42,"code":9181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9183,9184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9185,9186,9188,9190,9192,9194,9196,9198,9200,9202,9204,9206,9208,9210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9187,8949],{"class":63},[49,9189,397],{"class":67},[49,9191,72],{"class":71},[49,9193,397],{"class":67},[49,9195,77],{"class":63},[49,9197,81],{"class":80},[49,9199,84],{"class":63},[49,9201,406],{"class":67},[49,9203,90],{"class":71},[49,9205,397],{"class":67},[49,9207,77],{"class":63},[49,9209,97],{"class":80},[49,9211,100],{"class":63},[591,9213,9215],{"id":9214},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[40,9217,9219],{"className":42,"code":9218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9220,9221,9251],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9222,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231,9233,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9224,56],{"class":55},[49,9226,60],{"class":59},[49,9228,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9230,126],{"class":63},[49,9232,251],{"class":8847},[49,9234,60],{"class":59},[49,9236,397],{"class":67},[49,9238,4677],{"class":71},[49,9240,397],{"class":67},[49,9242,84],{"class":63},[49,9244,8860],{"class":8847},[49,9246,60],{"class":59},[49,9248,8865],{"class":80},[49,9250,335],{"class":63},[49,9252,9253,9255,9257,9259],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9254,123],{"class":122},[49,9256,126],{"class":63},[49,9258,106],{"class":112},[49,9260,335],{"class":63},[20,9262,9263],{},[30,9264,573],{},[40,9266,9268],{"className":42,"code":9267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9269,9270],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9271,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292,9294,9296,9298,9300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9273,8949],{"class":63},[49,9275,397],{"class":67},[49,9277,251],{"class":71},[49,9279,397],{"class":67},[49,9281,77],{"class":63},[49,9283,406],{"class":67},[49,9285,4677],{"class":71},[49,9287,397],{"class":67},[49,9289,84],{"class":63},[49,9291,406],{"class":67},[49,9293,272],{"class":71},[49,9295,397],{"class":67},[49,9297,77],{"class":63},[49,9299,279],{"class":80},[49,9301,100],{"class":63},[591,9303,9305],{"id":9304},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9307,9308],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[40,9310,9312],{"className":42,"code":9311,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9313,9314,9355],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9315,9316,9318,9320,9322,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333,9335,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9349,9351,9353],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9317,56],{"class":55},[49,9319,60],{"class":59},[49,9321,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9323,9324],{"class":63},"([(",[49,9326,397],{"class":67},[49,9328,72],{"class":71},[49,9330,397],{"class":67},[49,9332,84],{"class":63},[49,9334,81],{"class":80},[49,9336,9337],{"class":63},")],",[49,9339,2229],{"class":8847},[49,9341,60],{"class":59},[49,9343,1725],{"class":80},[49,9345,84],{"class":63},[49,9347,9348],{"class":8847}," c",[49,9350,60],{"class":59},[49,9352,1731],{"class":80},[49,9354,335],{"class":63},[49,9356,9357,9359,9361,9363],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9358,123],{"class":122},[49,9360,126],{"class":63},[49,9362,106],{"class":112},[49,9364,335],{"class":63},[20,9366,9367],{},[30,9368,573],{},[40,9370,9372],{"className":42,"code":9371,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9373,9374],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9375,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9407,9409,9411,9413],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9377,8949],{"class":63},[49,9379,397],{"class":67},[49,9381,72],{"class":71},[49,9383,397],{"class":67},[49,9385,77],{"class":63},[49,9387,81],{"class":80},[49,9389,84],{"class":63},[49,9391,406],{"class":67},[49,9393,90],{"class":71},[49,9395,397],{"class":67},[49,9397,77],{"class":63},[49,9399,97],{"class":80},[49,9401,84],{"class":63},[49,9403,406],{"class":67},[49,9405,9406],{"class":71},"c",[49,9408,397],{"class":67},[49,9410,77],{"class":63},[49,9412,2120],{"class":80},[49,9414,100],{"class":63},[35,9416,9070],{"id":9417},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9419,1762,9420,9422],{},[15,9421,8795],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[40,9424,9426],{"className":42,"code":9425,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9427,9428,9438,9452],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9429,9430,9432,9434,9436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9431,56],{"class":55},[49,9433,60],{"class":59},[49,9435,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9437,116],{"class":63},[49,9439,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9441,123],{"class":122},[49,9443,126],{"class":63},[49,9445,1429],{"class":1428},[49,9447,126],{"class":63},[49,9449,106],{"class":112},[49,9451,1436],{"class":63},[49,9453,9454,9456,9458,9460],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,9455,123],{"class":122},[49,9457,126],{"class":63},[49,9459,106],{"class":112},[49,9461,335],{"class":63},[20,9463,9464],{},[30,9465,573],{},[40,9467,9469],{"className":42,"code":9468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9470,9471,9485],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9472,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9474,2962],{"class":59},[49,9476,2965],{"class":1734},[49,9478,406],{"class":67},[49,9480,8496],{"class":71},[49,9482,397],{"class":67},[49,9484,2974],{"class":59},[49,9486,9487],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9488,589],{"class":63},[20,9490,9491],{},"This gives the same result as:",[40,9493,9495],{"className":42,"code":9494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n",[15,9496,9497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9498,9499,9501,9503],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9500,56],{"class":55},[49,9502,60],{"class":59},[49,9504,450],{"class":63},[20,9506,9507,9508,9510,9511,9513,9514,9516],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9509,175],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[1364,9512],{},"\nStill, ",[15,9515,8795],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[35,9518,9520],{"id":9519},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9522,9523,9524,109],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9525,8795],{},[40,9527,9529],{"className":42,"code":9528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9530,9531,9569,9583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9532,9533,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9534,8886],{"class":55},[49,9536,60],{"class":59},[49,9538,8891],{"class":63},[49,9540,397],{"class":67},[49,9542,251],{"class":71},[49,9544,397],{"class":67},[49,9546,84],{"class":63},[49,9548,406],{"class":67},[49,9550,4677],{"class":71},[49,9552,397],{"class":67},[49,9554,8904],{"class":63},[49,9556,8907],{"class":63},[49,9558,397],{"class":67},[49,9560,272],{"class":71},[49,9562,397],{"class":67},[49,9564,84],{"class":63},[49,9566,279],{"class":80},[49,9568,8920],{"class":63},[49,9570,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9572,56],{"class":55},[49,9574,60],{"class":59},[49,9576,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9578,126],{"class":63},[49,9580,8933],{"class":112},[49,9582,335],{"class":63},[49,9584,9585,9587,9589,9591],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,9586,123],{"class":122},[49,9588,126],{"class":63},[49,9590,106],{"class":112},[49,9592,335],{"class":63},[20,9594,9595],{},[30,9596,573],{},[40,9598,9599],{"className":42,"code":9267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9600,9601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9602,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9604,8949],{"class":63},[49,9606,397],{"class":67},[49,9608,251],{"class":71},[49,9610,397],{"class":67},[49,9612,77],{"class":63},[49,9614,406],{"class":67},[49,9616,4677],{"class":71},[49,9618,397],{"class":67},[49,9620,84],{"class":63},[49,9622,406],{"class":67},[49,9624,272],{"class":71},[49,9626,397],{"class":67},[49,9628,77],{"class":63},[49,9630,279],{"class":80},[49,9632,100],{"class":63},[20,9634,9635],{},"Each pair becomes:",[155,9637,9638,9641],{},[158,9639,9640],{},"the first item as the key",[158,9642,9643],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9645,9646],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[40,9648,9650],{"className":42,"code":9649,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9651,9652,9687,9701],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9653,9654,9656,9658,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9655,8886],{"class":55},[49,9657,60],{"class":59},[49,9659,9660],{"class":63}," ((",[49,9662,397],{"class":67},[49,9664,72],{"class":71},[49,9666,397],{"class":67},[49,9668,84],{"class":63},[49,9670,81],{"class":80},[49,9672,8904],{"class":63},[49,9674,8907],{"class":63},[49,9676,397],{"class":67},[49,9678,90],{"class":71},[49,9680,397],{"class":67},[49,9682,84],{"class":63},[49,9684,97],{"class":80},[49,9686,1436],{"class":63},[49,9688,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9690,56],{"class":55},[49,9692,60],{"class":59},[49,9694,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9696,126],{"class":63},[49,9698,8933],{"class":112},[49,9700,335],{"class":63},[49,9702,9703,9705,9707,9709],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,9704,123],{"class":122},[49,9706,126],{"class":63},[49,9708,106],{"class":112},[49,9710,335],{"class":63},[20,9712,9713],{},[30,9714,573],{},[40,9716,9717],{"className":42,"code":9181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9718,9719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9720,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9722,8949],{"class":63},[49,9724,397],{"class":67},[49,9726,72],{"class":71},[49,9728,397],{"class":67},[49,9730,77],{"class":63},[49,9732,81],{"class":80},[49,9734,84],{"class":63},[49,9736,406],{"class":67},[49,9738,90],{"class":71},[49,9740,397],{"class":67},[49,9742,77],{"class":63},[49,9744,97],{"class":80},[49,9746,100],{"class":63},[20,9748,9749,9750,109],{},"Each item must contain ",[30,9751,9752],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9754,2506],{},[40,9756,9758],{"className":42,"code":9757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9759,9760,9800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9761,9762,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9763,9764],{"class":55},"bad_data ",[49,9766,60],{"class":59},[49,9768,8891],{"class":63},[49,9770,397],{"class":67},[49,9772,72],{"class":71},[49,9774,397],{"class":67},[49,9776,84],{"class":63},[49,9778,81],{"class":80},[49,9780,84],{"class":63},[49,9782,9783],{"class":80}," 100",[49,9785,8904],{"class":63},[49,9787,8907],{"class":63},[49,9789,397],{"class":67},[49,9791,90],{"class":71},[49,9793,397],{"class":67},[49,9795,84],{"class":63},[49,9797,97],{"class":80},[49,9799,8920],{"class":63},[49,9801,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810,9813],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9803,534],{"class":55},[49,9805,60],{"class":59},[49,9807,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9809,126],{"class":63},[49,9811,9812],{"class":112},"bad_data",[49,9814,335],{"class":63},[20,9816,9817,9818,9821],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9819,9820],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9823,9824],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[40,9826,9828],{"className":42,"code":9827,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9829,9830,9879,9893],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9831,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9833,8886],{"class":55},[49,9835,60],{"class":59},[49,9837,8891],{"class":63},[49,9839,397],{"class":67},[49,9841,72],{"class":71},[49,9843,397],{"class":67},[49,9845,84],{"class":63},[49,9847,81],{"class":80},[49,9849,8904],{"class":63},[49,9851,8907],{"class":63},[49,9853,397],{"class":67},[49,9855,72],{"class":71},[49,9857,397],{"class":67},[49,9859,84],{"class":63},[49,9861,9862],{"class":80}," 99",[49,9864,8904],{"class":63},[49,9866,8907],{"class":63},[49,9868,397],{"class":67},[49,9870,90],{"class":71},[49,9872,397],{"class":67},[49,9874,84],{"class":63},[49,9876,97],{"class":80},[49,9878,8920],{"class":63},[49,9880,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9882,56],{"class":55},[49,9884,60],{"class":59},[49,9886,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9888,126],{"class":63},[49,9890,8933],{"class":112},[49,9892,335],{"class":63},[49,9894,9895,9897,9899,9901],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,9896,123],{"class":122},[49,9898,126],{"class":63},[49,9900,106],{"class":112},[49,9902,335],{"class":63},[20,9904,9905],{},[30,9906,573],{},[40,9908,9910],{"className":42,"code":9909,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9911,9912],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9913,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9915,8949],{"class":63},[49,9917,397],{"class":67},[49,9919,72],{"class":71},[49,9921,397],{"class":67},[49,9923,77],{"class":63},[49,9925,9862],{"class":80},[49,9927,84],{"class":63},[49,9929,406],{"class":67},[49,9931,90],{"class":71},[49,9933,397],{"class":67},[49,9935,77],{"class":63},[49,9937,97],{"class":80},[49,9939,100],{"class":63},[35,9941,9943],{"id":9942},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9945,9946],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[40,9948,9949],{"className":42,"code":9218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9950,9951,9981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9952,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9954,56],{"class":55},[49,9956,60],{"class":59},[49,9958,8842],{"class":1428},[49,9960,126],{"class":63},[49,9962,251],{"class":8847},[49,9964,60],{"class":59},[49,9966,397],{"class":67},[49,9968,4677],{"class":71},[49,9970,397],{"class":67},[49,9972,84],{"class":63},[49,9974,8860],{"class":8847},[49,9976,60],{"class":59},[49,9978,8865],{"class":80},[49,9980,335],{"class":63},[49,9982,9983,9985,9987,9989],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,9984,123],{"class":122},[49,9986,126],{"class":63},[49,9988,106],{"class":112},[49,9990,335],{"class":63},[20,9992,9993],{},[30,9994,573],{},[40,9996,9997],{"className":42,"code":9267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9998,9999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10000,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10002,8949],{"class":63},[49,10004,397],{"class":67},[49,10006,251],{"class":71},[49,10008,397],{"class":67},[49,10010,77],{"class":63},[49,10012,406],{"class":67},[49,10014,4677],{"class":71},[49,10016,397],{"class":67},[49,10018,84],{"class":63},[49,10020,406],{"class":67},[49,10022,272],{"class":71},[49,10024,397],{"class":67},[49,10026,77],{"class":63},[49,10028,279],{"class":80},[49,10030,100],{"class":63},[20,10032,10033],{},"In this form:",[155,10035,10036,10044],{},[158,10037,10038,10040,10041],{},[15,10039,251],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10042,10043],{},"'name'",[158,10045,10046,10040,10048],{},[15,10047,272],{},[15,10049,10050],{},"'age'",[20,10052,10053],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10055,10056],{},"Valid examples:",[40,10058,10060],{"className":42,"code":10059,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10061,10062,10099],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10063,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078,10081,10083,10085,10088,10090,10092,10095,10097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10065,56],{"class":55},[49,10067,60],{"class":59},[49,10069,8842],{"class":1428},[49,10071,126],{"class":63},[49,10073,289],{"class":8847},[49,10075,60],{"class":59},[49,10077,397],{"class":67},[49,10079,10080],{"class":71},"Paris",[49,10082,397],{"class":67},[49,10084,84],{"class":63},[49,10086,10087],{"class":8847}," country",[49,10089,60],{"class":59},[49,10091,397],{"class":67},[49,10093,10094],{"class":71},"France",[49,10096,397],{"class":67},[49,10098,335],{"class":63},[49,10100,10101,10103,10105,10107],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10102,123],{"class":122},[49,10104,126],{"class":63},[49,10106,106],{"class":112},[49,10108,335],{"class":63},[20,10110,10111],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[155,10113,10114,10117,10120],{},[158,10115,10116],{},"spaces",[158,10118,10119],{},"hyphens",[158,10121,10122],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10124,10125,10126,10129],{},"For example, this is ",[30,10127,10128],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[40,10131,10133],{"className":42,"code":10132,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10134,10135],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10136,10137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10138,10132],{"class":134},[20,10140,10141],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[40,10143,10145],{"className":42,"code":10144,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10146,10147,10189],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10148,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10150,56],{"class":55},[49,10152,60],{"class":59},[49,10154,64],{"class":63},[49,10156,397],{"class":67},[49,10158,10159],{"class":71},"first-name",[49,10161,397],{"class":67},[49,10163,77],{"class":63},[49,10165,406],{"class":67},[49,10167,7348],{"class":71},[49,10169,397],{"class":67},[49,10171,84],{"class":63},[49,10173,406],{"class":67},[49,10175,10176],{"class":71},"first name",[49,10178,397],{"class":67},[49,10180,77],{"class":63},[49,10182,406],{"class":67},[49,10184,7348],{"class":71},[49,10186,397],{"class":67},[49,10188,100],{"class":63},[49,10190,10191,10193,10195,10197],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10192,123],{"class":122},[49,10194,126],{"class":63},[49,10196,106],{"class":112},[49,10198,335],{"class":63},[20,10200,10201],{},[30,10202,573],{},[40,10204,10206],{"className":42,"code":10205,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10207,10208],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10209,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10211,8949],{"class":63},[49,10213,397],{"class":67},[49,10215,10159],{"class":71},[49,10217,397],{"class":67},[49,10219,77],{"class":63},[49,10221,406],{"class":67},[49,10223,7348],{"class":71},[49,10225,397],{"class":67},[49,10227,84],{"class":63},[49,10229,406],{"class":67},[49,10231,10176],{"class":71},[49,10233,397],{"class":67},[49,10235,77],{"class":63},[49,10237,406],{"class":67},[49,10239,7348],{"class":71},[49,10241,397],{"class":67},[49,10243,100],{"class":63},[35,10245,10247,10249,10250],{"id":10246},"dict-vs",[15,10248,8795],{}," vs ",[15,10251,175],{},[20,10253,10254,10255,1017,10257,10259],{},"Both ",[15,10256,8795],{},[15,10258,175],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[591,10261,1762,10263,10265],{"id":10262},"use-when",[15,10264,175],{}," when:",[155,10267,10268,10271],{},[158,10269,10270],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[158,10272,10273],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[40,10275,10276],{"className":42,"code":9494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,10277,10278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10279,10280,10282,10284],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10281,56],{"class":55},[49,10283,60],{"class":59},[49,10285,450],{"class":63},[591,10287,1762,10289,10265],{"id":10288},"use-dict-when",[15,10290,8795],{},[155,10292,10293,10296,10299],{},[158,10294,10295],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[158,10297,10298],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[158,10300,10301],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[40,10303,10305],{"className":42,"code":10304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10306,10307,10344],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10308,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10310,56],{"class":55},[49,10312,60],{"class":59},[49,10314,8842],{"class":1428},[49,10316,9324],{"class":63},[49,10318,397],{"class":67},[49,10320,72],{"class":71},[49,10322,397],{"class":67},[49,10324,84],{"class":63},[49,10326,81],{"class":80},[49,10328,8904],{"class":63},[49,10330,8907],{"class":63},[49,10332,397],{"class":67},[49,10334,90],{"class":71},[49,10336,397],{"class":67},[49,10338,84],{"class":63},[49,10340,97],{"class":80},[49,10342,10343],{"class":63},")])\n",[49,10345,10346,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10347,10348],{"class":55},"info ",[49,10350,60],{"class":59},[49,10352,8842],{"class":1428},[49,10354,126],{"class":63},[49,10356,251],{"class":8847},[49,10358,60],{"class":59},[49,10360,397],{"class":67},[49,10362,4677],{"class":71},[49,10364,397],{"class":67},[49,10366,84],{"class":63},[49,10368,8860],{"class":8847},[49,10370,60],{"class":59},[49,10372,8865],{"class":80},[49,10374,335],{"class":63},[20,10376,10377],{},"So:",[155,10379,10380,10385],{},[158,10381,10382,10384],{},[15,10383,175],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[158,10386,10387,10389],{},[15,10388,8795],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10391,10392,10393,10397,10398,109],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[72,10394,10396],{"href":10395},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[72,10399,1567,10401,1571],{"href":10400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[15,10402,10403],{},"get()",[35,10405,10407],{"id":10406},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10409,1379,10410,109],{},[15,10411,8795],{},[591,10413,10415],{"id":10414},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10417,4199],{},[40,10419,10421],{"className":42,"code":10420,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10422,10423,10447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10424,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10426,7451],{"class":55},[49,10428,60],{"class":59},[49,10430,3296],{"class":63},[49,10432,397],{"class":67},[49,10434,72],{"class":71},[49,10436,397],{"class":67},[49,10438,84],{"class":63},[49,10440,406],{"class":67},[49,10442,90],{"class":71},[49,10444,397],{"class":67},[49,10446,3309],{"class":63},[49,10448,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10450,56],{"class":55},[49,10452,60],{"class":59},[49,10454,8842],{"class":1428},[49,10456,126],{"class":63},[49,10458,7482],{"class":112},[49,10460,335],{"class":63},[20,10462,10463,10464,109],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10465,10466],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10468,10469],{},"Correct version:",[40,10471,10473],{"className":42,"code":10472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10474,10475,10509,10523],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10476,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10478,7451],{"class":55},[49,10480,60],{"class":59},[49,10482,8891],{"class":63},[49,10484,397],{"class":67},[49,10486,72],{"class":71},[49,10488,397],{"class":67},[49,10490,84],{"class":63},[49,10492,81],{"class":80},[49,10494,8904],{"class":63},[49,10496,8907],{"class":63},[49,10498,397],{"class":67},[49,10500,90],{"class":71},[49,10502,397],{"class":67},[49,10504,84],{"class":63},[49,10506,97],{"class":80},[49,10508,8920],{"class":63},[49,10510,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10512,56],{"class":55},[49,10514,60],{"class":59},[49,10516,8842],{"class":1428},[49,10518,126],{"class":63},[49,10520,7482],{"class":112},[49,10522,335],{"class":63},[49,10524,10525,10527,10529,10531],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,10526,123],{"class":122},[49,10528,126],{"class":63},[49,10530,106],{"class":112},[49,10532,335],{"class":63},[591,10534,10536],{"id":10535},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10538,10539],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[40,10541,10543],{"className":42,"code":10542,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10544,10545],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10546,10547],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10548,10542],{"class":134},[20,10550,10551,10552,77],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10553,60],{},[40,10555,10557],{"className":42,"code":10556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10558,10559,10581],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10560,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10562,56],{"class":55},[49,10564,60],{"class":59},[49,10566,8842],{"class":1428},[49,10568,126],{"class":63},[49,10570,251],{"class":8847},[49,10572,60],{"class":59},[49,10574,397],{"class":67},[49,10576,4677],{"class":71},[49,10578,397],{"class":67},[49,10580,335],{"class":63},[49,10582,10583,10585,10587,10589],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10584,123],{"class":122},[49,10586,126],{"class":63},[49,10588,106],{"class":112},[49,10590,335],{"class":63},[591,10592,10594],{"id":10593},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10596,10597],{},"This will not work:",[40,10599,10600],{"className":42,"code":10132,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,10601,10602],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10603,10604],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10605,10132],{"class":134},[20,10607,10608],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[40,10610,10612],{"className":42,"code":10611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10613,10614,10638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10615,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10617,56],{"class":55},[49,10619,60],{"class":59},[49,10621,64],{"class":63},[49,10623,397],{"class":67},[49,10625,10159],{"class":71},[49,10627,397],{"class":67},[49,10629,77],{"class":63},[49,10631,406],{"class":67},[49,10633,7348],{"class":71},[49,10635,397],{"class":67},[49,10637,100],{"class":63},[49,10639,10640,10642,10644,10646],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10641,123],{"class":122},[49,10643,126],{"class":63},[49,10645,106],{"class":112},[49,10647,335],{"class":63},[591,10649,10651],{"id":10650},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10653,10654],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[40,10656,10658],{"className":42,"code":10657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10659,10660,10696],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10661,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10663,56],{"class":55},[49,10665,60],{"class":59},[49,10667,8842],{"class":1428},[49,10669,9324],{"class":63},[49,10671,397],{"class":67},[49,10673,504],{"class":71},[49,10675,397],{"class":67},[49,10677,84],{"class":63},[49,10679,81],{"class":80},[49,10681,8904],{"class":63},[49,10683,8907],{"class":63},[49,10685,397],{"class":67},[49,10687,504],{"class":71},[49,10689,397],{"class":67},[49,10691,84],{"class":63},[49,10693,97],{"class":80},[49,10695,10343],{"class":63},[49,10697,10698,10700,10702,10704],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10699,123],{"class":122},[49,10701,126],{"class":63},[49,10703,106],{"class":112},[49,10705,335],{"class":63},[20,10707,10708],{},[30,10709,573],{},[40,10711,10713],{"className":42,"code":10712,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10714,10715],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10716,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10718,8949],{"class":63},[49,10720,397],{"class":67},[49,10722,504],{"class":71},[49,10724,397],{"class":67},[49,10726,77],{"class":63},[49,10728,97],{"class":80},[49,10730,100],{"class":63},[20,10732,10733,10734,109],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[72,10735,10737],{"href":10736},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[35,10739,1376],{"id":1375},[20,10741,10742,10743,10745],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10744,8795],{}," include:",[155,10747,10748,10758,10764,10767],{},[158,10749,10750,10751,10754,10755],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10752,10753],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10756,10757],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[158,10759,10760,10761],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10762,10763],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[158,10765,10766],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[158,10768,10769,10770,10772],{},"confusing ",[15,10771,8795],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10774,10775],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[40,10777,10779],{"className":42,"code":10778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10780,10781,10795,10805,10816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10782,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10784,123],{"class":122},[49,10786,126],{"class":63},[49,10788,1429],{"class":1428},[49,10790,126],{"class":63},[49,10792,106],{"class":112},[49,10794,1436],{"class":63},[49,10796,10797,10799,10801,10803],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,10798,123],{"class":122},[49,10800,126],{"class":63},[49,10802,106],{"class":112},[49,10804,335],{"class":63},[49,10806,10807,10809,10811,10814],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,10808,123],{"class":122},[49,10810,126],{"class":63},[49,10812,10813],{"class":112},"list_of_pairs",[49,10815,335],{"class":63},[49,10817,10818,10820,10822,10825,10827,10829],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,10819,123],{"class":122},[49,10821,126],{"class":63},[49,10823,10824],{"class":122},"len",[49,10826,126],{"class":63},[49,10828,10813],{"class":112},[49,10830,1436],{"class":63},[20,10832,10833],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[155,10835,10836,10839,10842],{},[158,10837,10838],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[158,10840,10841],{},"what data is being passed in",[158,10843,10844],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[35,10846,1498],{"id":1497},[591,10848,1524,10850,1017,10852,1529],{"id":10849},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10851,8795],{},[15,10853,175],{},[20,10855,10856,10858,10859,10861],{},[15,10857,175],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10860,8795],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[591,10863,4842,10865,10867],{"id":10864},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10866,8795],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10869,10870,10871,109],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10872,10757],{},[591,10874,4830,10876,10879],{"id":10875},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10877,10878],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10881,10882],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[591,10884,10886,10887,10889],{"id":10885},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10888,8795],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10891,10892,10893,10896],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10894,10895],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[35,10898,1550],{"id":1549},[155,10900,10901,10905,10909,10914,10920],{},[158,10902,10903],{},[72,10904,1562],{"href":1561},[158,10906,10907],{},[72,10908,185],{"href":184},[158,10910,10911],{},[72,10912,10913],{"href":10395},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[158,10915,10916],{},[72,10917,1567,10918,1571],{"href":10400},[15,10919,10403],{},[158,10921,10922],{},[72,10923,10924],{"href":10736},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1597,10926,10927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki 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Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12308,"toc":14448},[12309,12314,12319,12329,12331,12420,12424,12465,12470,12477,12495,12504,12506,12527,12530,12542,12544,12623,12627,12668,12670,12673,12801,12805,12885,12888,12906,12909,12913,12919,12921,12932,12934,13129,13133,13239,13242,13260,13263,13270,13275,13279,13293,13295,13422,13426,13506,13519,13525,13528,13536,13540,13666,13670,13744,13749,13880,13884,13958,13961,13975,13979,13983,13997,13999,14135,14139,14208,14210,14215,14237,14240,14347,14350,14361,14368,14370,14376,14379,14386,14389,14396,14404,14408,14411,14413,14445],[10,12310,13,12312,18],{"id":12311},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12313,1585],{},[20,12315,12316,12318],{},[15,12317,1219],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12320,12321,12322,12324,12325,12328],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12323,1585],{}," makes a ",[30,12326,12327],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[35,12330,38],{"id":37},[40,12332,12334],{"className":42,"code":12333,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12335,12336,12374,12391,12395,12406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12337,12338,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12339,12340],{"class":55},"student ",[49,12342,60],{"class":59},[49,12344,64],{"class":63},[49,12346,68],{"class":67},[49,12348,251],{"class":71},[49,12350,68],{"class":67},[49,12352,77],{"class":63},[49,12354,87],{"class":67},[49,12356,12357],{"class":71},"Ana",[49,12359,68],{"class":67},[49,12361,84],{"class":63},[49,12363,87],{"class":67},[49,12365,272],{"class":71},[49,12367,68],{"class":67},[49,12369,77],{"class":63},[49,12371,7462],{"class":80},[49,12373,100],{"class":63},[49,12375,12376,12379,12381,12384,12386,12389],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,12377,12378],{"class":55},"student_copy ",[49,12380,60],{"class":59},[49,12382,12383],{"class":55}," student",[49,12385,109],{"class":63},[49,12387,12388],{"class":112},"copy",[49,12390,116],{"class":63},[49,12392,12393],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,12394,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,12396,12397,12399,12401,12404],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,12398,123],{"class":122},[49,12400,126],{"class":63},[49,12402,12403],{"class":112},"student_copy",[49,12405,335],{"class":63},[49,12407,12408,12410,12412,12414,12416,12418],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,12409,123],{"class":122},[49,12411,126],{"class":63},[49,12413,12378],{"class":112},[49,12415,974],{"class":973},[49,12417,12383],{"class":112},[49,12419,335],{"class":63},[20,12421,12422],{},[30,12423,573],{},[40,12425,12427],{"className":42,"code":12426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12428,12429,12461],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12430,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449,12451,12453,12455,12457,12459],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12432,8949],{"class":63},[49,12434,397],{"class":67},[49,12436,251],{"class":71},[49,12438,397],{"class":67},[49,12440,77],{"class":63},[49,12442,406],{"class":67},[49,12444,12357],{"class":71},[49,12446,397],{"class":67},[49,12448,84],{"class":63},[49,12450,406],{"class":67},[49,12452,272],{"class":71},[49,12454,397],{"class":67},[49,12456,77],{"class":63},[49,12458,7462],{"class":80},[49,12460,100],{"class":63},[49,12462,12463],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,12464,1194],{"class":583},[20,12466,1762,12467,12469],{},[15,12468,1585],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[35,12471,12473,12474,12476],{"id":12472},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12475,1585],{}," method does",[155,12478,12479,12484,12487,12492],{},[158,12480,12481,12483],{},[15,12482,1219],{}," returns a new dictionary",[158,12485,12486],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[158,12488,12489,12490],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12491,1585],{},[158,12493,12494],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12496,12497,12498,2548,12501,109],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[72,12499,185],{"href":12500},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[72,12502,9059],{"href":12503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[35,12505,189],{"id":188},[40,12507,12509],{"className":42,"code":12508,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12510,12511],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12512,12513,12516,12518,12521,12523,12525],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12514,12515],{"class":55},"new_dict ",[49,12517,60],{"class":59},[49,12519,12520],{"class":55}," old_dict",[49,12522,109],{"class":63},[49,12524,12388],{"class":112},[49,12526,116],{"class":63},[20,12528,12529],{},"Key points:",[155,12531,12532,12536,12539],{},[158,12533,12534,215],{},[15,12535,1585],{},[158,12537,12538],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[158,12540,12541],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12543,1244],{},[40,12545,12547],{"className":42,"code":12546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12548,12549,12592,12608,12612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12550,12551,12554,12556,12558,12560,12562,12564,12566,12568,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12588,12590],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12552,12553],{"class":55},"colors ",[49,12555,60],{"class":59},[49,12557,64],{"class":63},[49,12559,68],{"class":67},[49,12561,72],{"class":71},[49,12563,68],{"class":67},[49,12565,77],{"class":63},[49,12567,87],{"class":67},[49,12569,12570],{"class":71},"red",[49,12572,68],{"class":67},[49,12574,84],{"class":63},[49,12576,87],{"class":67},[49,12578,90],{"class":71},[49,12580,68],{"class":67},[49,12582,77],{"class":63},[49,12584,87],{"class":67},[49,12586,12587],{"class":71},"blue",[49,12589,68],{"class":67},[49,12591,100],{"class":63},[49,12593,12594,12597,12599,12602,12604,12606],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,12595,12596],{"class":55},"new_colors ",[49,12598,60],{"class":59},[49,12600,12601],{"class":55}," colors",[49,12603,109],{"class":63},[49,12605,12388],{"class":112},[49,12607,116],{"class":63},[49,12609,12610],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,12611,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,12613,12614,12616,12618,12621],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,12615,123],{"class":122},[49,12617,126],{"class":63},[49,12619,12620],{"class":112},"new_colors",[49,12622,335],{"class":63},[20,12624,12625],{},[30,12626,573],{},[40,12628,12630],{"className":42,"code":12629,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12631,12632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12633,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656,12658,12660,12662,12664,12666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12635,8949],{"class":63},[49,12637,397],{"class":67},[49,12639,72],{"class":71},[49,12641,397],{"class":67},[49,12643,77],{"class":63},[49,12645,406],{"class":67},[49,12647,12570],{"class":71},[49,12649,397],{"class":67},[49,12651,84],{"class":63},[49,12653,406],{"class":67},[49,12655,90],{"class":71},[49,12657,397],{"class":67},[49,12659,77],{"class":63},[49,12661,406],{"class":67},[49,12663,12587],{"class":71},[49,12665,397],{"class":67},[49,12667,100],{"class":63},[35,12669,225],{"id":224},[20,12671,12672],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[40,12674,12676],{"className":42,"code":12675,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12677,12678,12716,12732,12736,12758,12762,12781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12679,12680,12683,12685,12687,12689,12691,12693,12695,12697,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12681,12682],{"class":55},"person ",[49,12684,60],{"class":59},[49,12686,64],{"class":63},[49,12688,68],{"class":67},[49,12690,251],{"class":71},[49,12692,68],{"class":67},[49,12694,77],{"class":63},[49,12696,87],{"class":67},[49,12698,12699],{"class":71},"Liam",[49,12701,68],{"class":67},[49,12703,84],{"class":63},[49,12705,87],{"class":67},[49,12707,272],{"class":71},[49,12709,68],{"class":67},[49,12711,77],{"class":63},[49,12713,279],{"class":80},[49,12715,100],{"class":63},[49,12717,12718,12721,12723,12726,12728,12730],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,12719,12720],{"class":55},"person_copy ",[49,12722,60],{"class":59},[49,12724,12725],{"class":55}," person",[49,12727,109],{"class":63},[49,12729,12388],{"class":112},[49,12731,116],{"class":63},[49,12733,12734],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,12735,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,12737,12738,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12752,12755],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,12739,12740],{"class":55},"person_copy",[49,12742,3573],{"class":63},[49,12744,68],{"class":67},[49,12746,272],{"class":71},[49,12748,68],{"class":67},[49,12750,12751],{"class":63},"]",[49,12753,12754],{"class":59}," =",[49,12756,12757],{"class":80}," 26\n",[49,12759,12760],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,12761,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,12763,12764,12766,12768,12770,12773,12775,12777,12779],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,12765,123],{"class":122},[49,12767,126],{"class":63},[49,12769,68],{"class":67},[49,12771,12772],{"class":71},"Original:",[49,12774,68],{"class":67},[49,12776,84],{"class":63},[49,12778,12725],{"class":112},[49,12780,335],{"class":63},[49,12782,12783,12785,12787,12789,12792,12794,12796,12799],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,12784,123],{"class":122},[49,12786,126],{"class":63},[49,12788,68],{"class":67},[49,12790,12791],{"class":71},"Copy:",[49,12793,68],{"class":67},[49,12795,84],{"class":63},[49,12797,12798],{"class":112}," person_copy",[49,12800,335],{"class":63},[20,12802,12803],{},[30,12804,573],{},[40,12806,12808],{"className":42,"code":12807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12809,12810,12847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12811,12812,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12843,12845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12813,12814],{"class":55},"Original",[49,12816,77],{"class":63},[49,12818,64],{"class":63},[49,12820,397],{"class":67},[49,12822,251],{"class":71},[49,12824,397],{"class":67},[49,12826,77],{"class":63},[49,12828,406],{"class":67},[49,12830,12699],{"class":71},[49,12832,397],{"class":67},[49,12834,84],{"class":63},[49,12836,406],{"class":67},[49,12838,272],{"class":71},[49,12840,397],{"class":67},[49,12842,77],{"class":63},[49,12844,279],{"class":80},[49,12846,100],{"class":63},[49,12848,12849,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878,12880,12883],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,12850,12851],{"class":55},"Copy",[49,12853,77],{"class":63},[49,12855,64],{"class":63},[49,12857,397],{"class":67},[49,12859,251],{"class":71},[49,12861,397],{"class":67},[49,12863,77],{"class":63},[49,12865,406],{"class":67},[49,12867,12699],{"class":71},[49,12869,397],{"class":67},[49,12871,84],{"class":63},[49,12873,406],{"class":67},[49,12875,272],{"class":71},[49,12877,397],{"class":67},[49,12879,77],{"class":63},[49,12881,12882],{"class":80}," 26",[49,12884,100],{"class":63},[20,12886,12887],{},"What happened here:",[155,12889,12890,12896,12903],{},[158,12891,12892,12895],{},[15,12893,12894],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[158,12897,12898,12899,12902],{},"Changing ",[15,12900,12901],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[158,12904,12905],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12907,12908],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[35,12910,12912],{"id":12911},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12914,12915,12324,12917,109],{},[15,12916,1585],{},[30,12918,12327],{},[20,12920,1777],{},[155,12922,12923,12926,12929],{},[158,12924,12925],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[158,12927,12928],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[158,12930,12931],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,12933,1244],{},[40,12935,12937],{"className":42,"code":12936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,12938,12939,12947,12965,12988,12992,12996,13010,13014,13039,13043,13061,13080,13095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12940,12941,12943,12945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12942,12340],{"class":55},[49,12944,60],{"class":59},[49,12946,243],{"class":63},[49,12948,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,12950,248],{"class":67},[49,12952,251],{"class":71},[49,12954,68],{"class":67},[49,12956,77],{"class":63},[49,12958,87],{"class":67},[49,12960,12357],{"class":71},[49,12962,68],{"class":67},[49,12964,265],{"class":63},[49,12966,12967,12969,12972,12974,12976,12978,12981,12983,12986],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,12968,248],{"class":67},[49,12970,12971],{"class":71},"grades",[49,12973,68],{"class":67},[49,12975,77],{"class":63},[49,12977,3296],{"class":63},[49,12979,12980],{"class":80},"90",[49,12982,84],{"class":63},[49,12984,12985],{"class":80}," 85",[49,12987,3309],{"class":63},[49,12989,12990],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,12991,100],{"class":63},[49,12993,12994],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,12995,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,12997,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,12999,12378],{"class":55},[49,13001,60],{"class":59},[49,13003,12383],{"class":55},[49,13005,109],{"class":63},[49,13007,12388],{"class":112},[49,13009,116],{"class":63},[49,13011,13012],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,13013,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,13015,13016,13018,13020,13022,13024,13026,13029,13032,13034,13037],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,13017,12403],{"class":55},[49,13019,3573],{"class":63},[49,13021,68],{"class":67},[49,13023,12971],{"class":71},[49,13025,68],{"class":67},[49,13027,13028],{"class":63},"].",[49,13030,13031],{"class":112},"append",[49,13033,126],{"class":63},[49,13035,13036],{"class":80},"100",[49,13038,335],{"class":63},[49,13040,13041],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,13042,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,13044,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059],{"class":51,"line":355},[49,13046,123],{"class":122},[49,13048,126],{"class":63},[49,13050,68],{"class":67},[49,13052,12772],{"class":71},[49,13054,68],{"class":67},[49,13056,84],{"class":63},[49,13058,12383],{"class":112},[49,13060,335],{"class":63},[49,13062,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13078],{"class":51,"line":360},[49,13064,123],{"class":122},[49,13066,126],{"class":63},[49,13068,68],{"class":67},[49,13070,12791],{"class":71},[49,13072,68],{"class":67},[49,13074,84],{"class":63},[49,13076,13077],{"class":112}," student_copy",[49,13079,335],{"class":63},[49,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093],{"class":51,"line":13082},12,[49,13084,123],{"class":122},[49,13086,126],{"class":63},[49,13088,12340],{"class":112},[49,13090,974],{"class":973},[49,13092,13077],{"class":112},[49,13094,335],{"class":63},[49,13096,13098,13100,13102,13105,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127],{"class":51,"line":13097},13,[49,13099,123],{"class":122},[49,13101,126],{"class":63},[49,13103,13104],{"class":112},"student",[49,13106,3573],{"class":63},[49,13108,68],{"class":67},[49,13110,12971],{"class":71},[49,13112,68],{"class":67},[49,13114,12751],{"class":63},[49,13116,7770],{"class":973},[49,13118,13077],{"class":112},[49,13120,3573],{"class":63},[49,13122,68],{"class":67},[49,13124,12971],{"class":71},[49,13126,68],{"class":67},[49,13128,3561],{"class":63},[20,13130,13131],{},[30,13132,573],{},[40,13134,13136],{"className":42,"code":13135,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13137,13138,13185,13231,13235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13139,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152,13154,13156,13158,13160,13162,13164,13166,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178,13180,13182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13141,12814],{"class":55},[49,13143,77],{"class":63},[49,13145,64],{"class":63},[49,13147,397],{"class":67},[49,13149,251],{"class":71},[49,13151,397],{"class":67},[49,13153,77],{"class":63},[49,13155,406],{"class":67},[49,13157,12357],{"class":71},[49,13159,397],{"class":67},[49,13161,84],{"class":63},[49,13163,406],{"class":67},[49,13165,12971],{"class":71},[49,13167,397],{"class":67},[49,13169,77],{"class":63},[49,13171,3296],{"class":63},[49,13173,12980],{"class":80},[49,13175,84],{"class":63},[49,13177,12985],{"class":80},[49,13179,84],{"class":63},[49,13181,9783],{"class":80},[49,13183,13184],{"class":63},"]}\n",[49,13186,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,13188,12851],{"class":55},[49,13190,77],{"class":63},[49,13192,64],{"class":63},[49,13194,397],{"class":67},[49,13196,251],{"class":71},[49,13198,397],{"class":67},[49,13200,77],{"class":63},[49,13202,406],{"class":67},[49,13204,12357],{"class":71},[49,13206,397],{"class":67},[49,13208,84],{"class":63},[49,13210,406],{"class":67},[49,13212,12971],{"class":71},[49,13214,397],{"class":67},[49,13216,77],{"class":63},[49,13218,3296],{"class":63},[49,13220,12980],{"class":80},[49,13222,84],{"class":63},[49,13224,12985],{"class":80},[49,13226,84],{"class":63},[49,13228,9783],{"class":80},[49,13230,13184],{"class":63},[49,13232,13233],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,13234,1194],{"class":583},[49,13236,13237],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,13238,1007],{"class":583},[20,13240,13241],{},"Notice the difference:",[155,13243,13244,13252],{},[158,13245,13246,4457,13249,13251],{},[15,13247,13248],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13250,3348],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[158,13253,13254,4457,13257,13259],{},[15,13255,13256],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13258,3276],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13261,13262],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13264,13265,13266,109],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[72,13267,13269],{"href":13268},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[35,13271,1223,13273],{"id":13272},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13274,1585],{},[20,13276,1762,13277,10265],{},[15,13278,1585],{},[155,13280,13281,13284,13287,13290],{},[158,13282,13283],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[158,13285,13286],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[158,13288,13289],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[158,13291,13292],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13294,1244],{},[40,13296,13298],{"className":42,"code":13297,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13299,13300,13339,13355,13359,13379,13383,13402],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13301,13302,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13330,13332,13334,13337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13303,13304],{"class":55},"settings ",[49,13306,60],{"class":59},[49,13308,64],{"class":63},[49,13310,68],{"class":67},[49,13312,1281],{"class":71},[49,13314,68],{"class":67},[49,13316,77],{"class":63},[49,13318,87],{"class":67},[49,13320,1290],{"class":71},[49,13322,68],{"class":67},[49,13324,84],{"class":63},[49,13326,87],{"class":67},[49,13328,13329],{"class":71},"font_size",[49,13331,68],{"class":67},[49,13333,77],{"class":63},[49,13335,13336],{"class":80}," 14",[49,13338,100],{"class":63},[49,13340,13341,13344,13346,13349,13351,13353],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,13342,13343],{"class":55},"settings_backup ",[49,13345,60],{"class":59},[49,13347,13348],{"class":55}," settings",[49,13350,109],{"class":63},[49,13352,12388],{"class":112},[49,13354,116],{"class":63},[49,13356,13357],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,13358,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,13360,13361,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,13362,13363],{"class":55},"settings",[49,13365,3573],{"class":63},[49,13367,68],{"class":67},[49,13369,13329],{"class":71},[49,13371,68],{"class":67},[49,13373,12751],{"class":63},[49,13375,12754],{"class":59},[49,13377,13378],{"class":80}," 16\n",[49,13380,13381],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,13382,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,13384,13385,13387,13389,13391,13394,13396,13398,13400],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,13386,123],{"class":122},[49,13388,126],{"class":63},[49,13390,68],{"class":67},[49,13392,13393],{"class":71},"Current:",[49,13395,68],{"class":67},[49,13397,84],{"class":63},[49,13399,13348],{"class":112},[49,13401,335],{"class":63},[49,13403,13404,13406,13408,13410,13413,13415,13417,13420],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,13405,123],{"class":122},[49,13407,126],{"class":63},[49,13409,68],{"class":67},[49,13411,13412],{"class":71},"Backup:",[49,13414,68],{"class":67},[49,13416,84],{"class":63},[49,13418,13419],{"class":112}," settings_backup",[49,13421,335],{"class":63},[20,13423,13424],{},[30,13425,573],{},[40,13427,13429],{"className":42,"code":13428,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13430,13431,13469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13432,13433,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13467],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13434,13435],{"class":55},"Current",[49,13437,77],{"class":63},[49,13439,64],{"class":63},[49,13441,397],{"class":67},[49,13443,1281],{"class":71},[49,13445,397],{"class":67},[49,13447,77],{"class":63},[49,13449,406],{"class":67},[49,13451,1290],{"class":71},[49,13453,397],{"class":67},[49,13455,84],{"class":63},[49,13457,406],{"class":67},[49,13459,13329],{"class":71},[49,13461,397],{"class":67},[49,13463,77],{"class":63},[49,13465,13466],{"class":80}," 16",[49,13468,100],{"class":63},[49,13470,13471,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,13472,13473],{"class":55},"Backup",[49,13475,77],{"class":63},[49,13477,64],{"class":63},[49,13479,397],{"class":67},[49,13481,1281],{"class":71},[49,13483,397],{"class":67},[49,13485,77],{"class":63},[49,13487,406],{"class":67},[49,13489,1290],{"class":71},[49,13491,397],{"class":67},[49,13493,84],{"class":63},[49,13495,406],{"class":67},[49,13497,13329],{"class":71},[49,13499,397],{"class":67},[49,13501,77],{"class":63},[49,13503,13336],{"class":80},[49,13505,100],{"class":63},[20,13507,13508,13509,2548,13515,109],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[72,13510,13512],{"href":13511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13513,13514],{},"dict.update()",[72,13516,13517],{"href":1634},[15,13518,24],{},[35,13520,13522,13524],{"id":13521},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13523,1585],{}," vs assignment",[20,13526,13527],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13529,8092,13530,13532,13533,13535],{},[15,13531,60],{}," does ",[30,13534,600],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[591,13537,13539],{"id":13538},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[40,13541,13543],{"className":42,"code":13542,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13544,13545,13577,13586,13590,13610,13614,13632,13652],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13546,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13548,865],{"class":55},[49,13550,60],{"class":59},[49,13552,64],{"class":63},[49,13554,68],{"class":67},[49,13556,504],{"class":71},[49,13558,68],{"class":67},[49,13560,77],{"class":63},[49,13562,81],{"class":80},[49,13564,84],{"class":63},[49,13566,87],{"class":67},[49,13568,517],{"class":71},[49,13570,68],{"class":67},[49,13572,77],{"class":63},[49,13574,97],{"class":80},[49,13576,100],{"class":63},[49,13578,13579,13582,13584],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,13580,13581],{"class":55},"assigned ",[49,13583,60],{"class":59},[49,13585,903],{"class":55},[49,13587,13588],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,13589,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,13591,13592,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,13593,13594],{"class":55},"assigned",[49,13596,3573],{"class":63},[49,13598,68],{"class":67},[49,13600,504],{"class":71},[49,13602,68],{"class":67},[49,13604,12751],{"class":63},[49,13606,12754],{"class":59},[49,13608,13609],{"class":80}," 99\n",[49,13611,13612],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,13613,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,13615,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,13617,123],{"class":122},[49,13619,126],{"class":63},[49,13621,68],{"class":67},[49,13623,12772],{"class":71},[49,13625,68],{"class":67},[49,13627,84],{"class":63},[49,13629,940],{"class":112},[49,13631,335],{"class":63},[49,13633,13634,13636,13638,13640,13643,13645,13647,13650],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,13635,123],{"class":122},[49,13637,126],{"class":63},[49,13639,68],{"class":67},[49,13641,13642],{"class":71},"Assigned:",[49,13644,68],{"class":67},[49,13646,84],{"class":63},[49,13648,13649],{"class":112}," assigned",[49,13651,335],{"class":63},[49,13653,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,13655,123],{"class":122},[49,13657,126],{"class":63},[49,13659,865],{"class":112},[49,13661,974],{"class":973},[49,13663,13649],{"class":112},[49,13665,335],{"class":63},[20,13667,13668],{},[30,13669,573],{},[40,13671,13673],{"className":42,"code":13672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13674,13675,13707,13740],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13676,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13678,12814],{"class":55},[49,13680,77],{"class":63},[49,13682,64],{"class":63},[49,13684,397],{"class":67},[49,13686,504],{"class":71},[49,13688,397],{"class":67},[49,13690,77],{"class":63},[49,13692,9862],{"class":80},[49,13694,84],{"class":63},[49,13696,406],{"class":67},[49,13698,517],{"class":71},[49,13700,397],{"class":67},[49,13702,77],{"class":63},[49,13704,97],{"class":80},[49,13706,100],{"class":63},[49,13708,13709,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,13710,13711],{"class":55},"Assigned",[49,13713,77],{"class":63},[49,13715,64],{"class":63},[49,13717,397],{"class":67},[49,13719,504],{"class":71},[49,13721,397],{"class":67},[49,13723,77],{"class":63},[49,13725,9862],{"class":80},[49,13727,84],{"class":63},[49,13729,406],{"class":67},[49,13731,517],{"class":71},[49,13733,397],{"class":67},[49,13735,77],{"class":63},[49,13737,97],{"class":80},[49,13739,100],{"class":63},[49,13741,13742],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,13743,1007],{"class":583},[591,13745,8092,13747],{"id":13746},"using-copy",[15,13748,1585],{},[40,13750,13752],{"className":42,"code":13751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13753,13754,13786,13801,13805,13824,13828,13846,13866],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13755,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13757,865],{"class":55},[49,13759,60],{"class":59},[49,13761,64],{"class":63},[49,13763,68],{"class":67},[49,13765,504],{"class":71},[49,13767,68],{"class":67},[49,13769,77],{"class":63},[49,13771,81],{"class":80},[49,13773,84],{"class":63},[49,13775,87],{"class":67},[49,13777,517],{"class":71},[49,13779,68],{"class":67},[49,13781,77],{"class":63},[49,13783,97],{"class":80},[49,13785,100],{"class":63},[49,13787,13788,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,13789,13790],{"class":55},"copied ",[49,13792,60],{"class":59},[49,13794,940],{"class":55},[49,13796,109],{"class":63},[49,13798,12388],{"class":112},[49,13800,116],{"class":63},[49,13802,13803],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,13804,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,13806,13807,13810,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,13808,13809],{"class":55},"copied",[49,13811,3573],{"class":63},[49,13813,68],{"class":67},[49,13815,504],{"class":71},[49,13817,68],{"class":67},[49,13819,12751],{"class":63},[49,13821,12754],{"class":59},[49,13823,13609],{"class":80},[49,13825,13826],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,13827,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,13829,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,13831,123],{"class":122},[49,13833,126],{"class":63},[49,13835,68],{"class":67},[49,13837,12772],{"class":71},[49,13839,68],{"class":67},[49,13841,84],{"class":63},[49,13843,940],{"class":112},[49,13845,335],{"class":63},[49,13847,13848,13850,13852,13854,13857,13859,13861,13864],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,13849,123],{"class":122},[49,13851,126],{"class":63},[49,13853,68],{"class":67},[49,13855,13856],{"class":71},"Copied:",[49,13858,68],{"class":67},[49,13860,84],{"class":63},[49,13862,13863],{"class":112}," copied",[49,13865,335],{"class":63},[49,13867,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,13869,123],{"class":122},[49,13871,126],{"class":63},[49,13873,865],{"class":112},[49,13875,974],{"class":973},[49,13877,13863],{"class":112},[49,13879,335],{"class":63},[20,13881,13882],{},[30,13883,573],{},[40,13885,13887],{"className":42,"code":13886,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13888,13889,13921,13954],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13890,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13892,12814],{"class":55},[49,13894,77],{"class":63},[49,13896,64],{"class":63},[49,13898,397],{"class":67},[49,13900,504],{"class":71},[49,13902,397],{"class":67},[49,13904,77],{"class":63},[49,13906,81],{"class":80},[49,13908,84],{"class":63},[49,13910,406],{"class":67},[49,13912,517],{"class":71},[49,13914,397],{"class":67},[49,13916,77],{"class":63},[49,13918,97],{"class":80},[49,13920,100],{"class":63},[49,13922,13923,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,13924,13925],{"class":55},"Copied",[49,13927,77],{"class":63},[49,13929,64],{"class":63},[49,13931,397],{"class":67},[49,13933,504],{"class":71},[49,13935,397],{"class":67},[49,13937,77],{"class":63},[49,13939,9862],{"class":80},[49,13941,84],{"class":63},[49,13943,406],{"class":67},[49,13945,517],{"class":71},[49,13947,397],{"class":67},[49,13949,77],{"class":63},[49,13951,97],{"class":80},[49,13953,100],{"class":63},[49,13955,13956],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,13957,1194],{"class":583},[20,13959,13960],{},"Summary:",[155,13962,13963,13969],{},[158,13964,13965,13968],{},[15,13966,13967],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[158,13970,13971,13974],{},[15,13972,13973],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[35,13976,13978],{"id":13977},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,13980,13981,77],{},[15,13982,1585],{},[155,13984,13985,13988,13991,13994],{},[158,13986,13987],{},"Returns a dictionary",[158,13989,13990],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[158,13992,13993],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[158,13995,13996],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,13998,1244],{},[40,14000,14002],{"className":42,"code":14001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14003,14004,14036,14052,14056,14074,14094,14098,14116],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14005,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032,14034],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14007,56],{"class":55},[49,14009,60],{"class":59},[49,14011,64],{"class":63},[49,14013,68],{"class":67},[49,14015,72],{"class":71},[49,14017,68],{"class":67},[49,14019,77],{"class":63},[49,14021,81],{"class":80},[49,14023,84],{"class":63},[49,14025,87],{"class":67},[49,14027,90],{"class":71},[49,14029,68],{"class":67},[49,14031,77],{"class":63},[49,14033,97],{"class":80},[49,14035,100],{"class":63},[49,14037,14038,14041,14043,14046,14048,14050],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,14039,14040],{"class":55},"data_copy ",[49,14042,60],{"class":59},[49,14044,14045],{"class":55}," data",[49,14047,109],{"class":63},[49,14049,12388],{"class":112},[49,14051,116],{"class":63},[49,14053,14054],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,14055,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,14057,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,14059,106],{"class":55},[49,14061,3573],{"class":63},[49,14063,68],{"class":67},[49,14065,72],{"class":71},[49,14067,68],{"class":67},[49,14069,12751],{"class":63},[49,14071,12754],{"class":59},[49,14073,2257],{"class":80},[49,14075,14076,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,14077,14078],{"class":55},"data_copy",[49,14080,3573],{"class":63},[49,14082,68],{"class":67},[49,14084,90],{"class":71},[49,14086,68],{"class":67},[49,14088,12751],{"class":63},[49,14090,12754],{"class":59},[49,14092,14093],{"class":80}," 20\n",[49,14095,14096],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,14097,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,14099,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,14101,123],{"class":122},[49,14103,126],{"class":63},[49,14105,68],{"class":67},[49,14107,12772],{"class":71},[49,14109,68],{"class":67},[49,14111,84],{"class":63},[49,14113,14045],{"class":112},[49,14115,335],{"class":63},[49,14117,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14133],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,14119,123],{"class":122},[49,14121,126],{"class":63},[49,14123,68],{"class":67},[49,14125,12791],{"class":71},[49,14127,68],{"class":67},[49,14129,84],{"class":63},[49,14131,14132],{"class":112}," data_copy",[49,14134,335],{"class":63},[20,14136,14137],{},[30,14138,573],{},[40,14140,14142],{"className":42,"code":14141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14143,14144,14176],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14145,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14147,12814],{"class":55},[49,14149,77],{"class":63},[49,14151,64],{"class":63},[49,14153,397],{"class":67},[49,14155,72],{"class":71},[49,14157,397],{"class":67},[49,14159,77],{"class":63},[49,14161,5677],{"class":80},[49,14163,84],{"class":63},[49,14165,406],{"class":67},[49,14167,90],{"class":71},[49,14169,397],{"class":67},[49,14171,77],{"class":63},[49,14173,97],{"class":80},[49,14175,100],{"class":63},[49,14177,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,14179,12851],{"class":55},[49,14181,77],{"class":63},[49,14183,64],{"class":63},[49,14185,397],{"class":67},[49,14187,72],{"class":71},[49,14189,397],{"class":67},[49,14191,77],{"class":63},[49,14193,81],{"class":80},[49,14195,84],{"class":63},[49,14197,406],{"class":67},[49,14199,90],{"class":71},[49,14201,397],{"class":67},[49,14203,77],{"class":63},[49,14205,7462],{"class":80},[49,14207,100],{"class":63},[35,14209,1376],{"id":1375},[20,14211,14212,14213,77],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14214,1219],{},[155,14216,14217,14224,14229,14234],{},[158,14218,8092,14219,10754,14221,14223],{},[15,14220,60],{},[15,14222,1585],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[158,14225,4253,14226,14228],{},[15,14227,1585],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[158,14230,14231,14232],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14233,1585],{},[158,14235,14236],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14238,14239],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[40,14241,14243],{"className":42,"code":14242,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14244,14245,14255,14265,14279,14302,14325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14246,14247,14249,14251,14253],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14248,123],{"class":122},[49,14250,126],{"class":63},[49,14252,912],{"class":112},[49,14254,335],{"class":63},[49,14256,14257,14259,14261,14263],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,14258,123],{"class":122},[49,14260,126],{"class":63},[49,14262,13809],{"class":112},[49,14264,335],{"class":63},[49,14266,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,14268,123],{"class":122},[49,14270,126],{"class":63},[49,14272,865],{"class":112},[49,14274,974],{"class":973},[49,14276,13863],{"class":112},[49,14278,335],{"class":63},[49,14280,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14296,14298,14300],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,14282,123],{"class":122},[49,14284,126],{"class":63},[49,14286,1445],{"class":122},[49,14288,126],{"class":63},[49,14290,912],{"class":112},[49,14292,8904],{"class":63},[49,14294,14295],{"class":122}," id",[49,14297,126],{"class":63},[49,14299,13809],{"class":112},[49,14301,1436],{"class":63},[49,14303,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14321,14323],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,14305,123],{"class":122},[49,14307,126],{"class":63},[49,14309,1445],{"class":122},[49,14311,126],{"class":63},[49,14313,912],{"class":112},[49,14315,3573],{"class":63},[49,14317,68],{"class":67},[49,14319,14320],{"class":71},"key",[49,14322,68],{"class":67},[49,14324,2670],{"class":63},[49,14326,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,14328,123],{"class":122},[49,14330,126],{"class":63},[49,14332,1445],{"class":122},[49,14334,126],{"class":63},[49,14336,13809],{"class":112},[49,14338,3573],{"class":63},[49,14340,68],{"class":67},[49,14342,14320],{"class":71},[49,14344,68],{"class":67},[49,14346,2670],{"class":63},[20,14348,14349],{},"What these help you check:",[155,14351,14352,14355,14358],{},[158,14353,14354],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[158,14356,14357],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[158,14359,14360],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14362,14363,14364,109],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[72,14365,14367],{"href":14366},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[35,14369,1498],{"id":1497},[591,14371,1502,14373,14375],{"id":14372},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14374,1219],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14377,14378],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[591,14380,14382,14383,14385],{"id":14381},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14384,1219],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14387,14388],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[591,14390,1524,14392,1017,14394,1529],{"id":14391},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14393,1585],{},[15,14395,60],{},[20,14397,14398,14400,14401,14403],{},[15,14399,1585],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14402,60],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[591,14405,14407],{"id":14406},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14409,14410],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[35,14412,1550],{"id":1549},[155,14414,14415,14419,14423,14427,14434,14440],{},[158,14416,14417],{},[72,14418,1562],{"href":12503},[158,14420,14421],{},[72,14422,185],{"href":12500},[158,14424,14425],{},[72,14426,13269],{"href":13268},[158,14428,14429],{},[72,14430,1567,14431,1571],{"href":13511},[15,14432,14433],{},"update()",[158,14435,14436],{},[72,14437,1567,14438,1571],{"href":1634},[15,14439,17],{},[158,14441,14442],{},[72,14443,14444],{"href":14366},"How to copy a list in Python",[1597,14446,14447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":14449},[14450,14451,14453,14454,14455,14456,14458,14464,14465,14466,14475],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":12472,"depth":103,"text":14452},"What the copy() method does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":12911,"depth":103,"text":12912},{"id":13272,"depth":103,"text":14457},"When to use copy()",{"id":13521,"depth":103,"text":14459,"children":14460},"copy() vs assignment",[14461,14462],{"id":13538,"depth":119,"text":13539},{"id":13746,"depth":119,"text":14463},"Using copy()",{"id":13977,"depth":103,"text":13978},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":14467},[14468,14470,14472,14474],{"id":14372,"depth":119,"text":14469},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14381,"depth":119,"text":14471},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14391,"depth":119,"text":14473},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14406,"depth":119,"text":14407},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12306,"description":14476},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14483,"title":14484,"body":14485,"description":16684,"extension":1632,"meta":16685,"navigation":312,"path":12503,"seo":16686,"stem":16687,"__hash__":16688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14486,"toc":16646},[14487,14490,14496,14505,14507,14583,14587,14636,14639,14643,14657,14660,14664,14677,14680,14713,14727,14730,14742,14746,14749,14757,14837,14841,14894,14898,14916,14918,15000,15003,15005,15008,15011,15034,15058,15062,15070,15073,15077,15086,15091,15149,15153,15186,15192,15198,15201,15256,15260,15310,15313,15319,15322,15330,15332,15377,15382,15391,15394,15397,15444,15446,15451,15454,15548,15552,15605,15608,15664,15667,15671,15674,15688,15692,15758,15762,15787,15790,15794,15872,15876,15879,15882,15902,15905,15958,15962,15965,15968,15981,15983,16072,16079,16082,16093,16095,16098,16118,16122,16125,16134,16137,16176,16180,16182,16191,16200,16202,16240,16244,16291,16295,16316,16320,16323,16435,16440,16538,16560,16562,16566,16573,16577,16583,16587,16590,16594,16597,16604,16612,16614,16640,16643],[10,14488,14484],{"id":14489},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14491,14492,14493,14495],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[30,14494,8807],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14497,14498,14499,2548,14501,109],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[72,14500,185],{"href":184},[72,14502,14504],{"href":14503},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[35,14506,38],{"id":37},[40,14508,14510],{"className":42,"code":14509,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14511,14512,14520,14538,14552,14565,14569,14573],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14513,14514,14516,14518],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14515,12340],{"class":55},[49,14517,60],{"class":59},[49,14519,243],{"class":63},[49,14521,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,14523,248],{"class":67},[49,14525,251],{"class":71},[49,14527,68],{"class":67},[49,14529,77],{"class":63},[49,14531,87],{"class":67},[49,14533,12357],{"class":71},[49,14535,68],{"class":67},[49,14537,265],{"class":63},[49,14539,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,14541,248],{"class":67},[49,14543,272],{"class":71},[49,14545,68],{"class":67},[49,14547,77],{"class":63},[49,14549,7462],{"class":80},[49,14551,265],{"class":63},[49,14553,14554,14556,14559,14561,14563],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,14555,248],{"class":67},[49,14557,14558],{"class":71},"is_active",[49,14560,68],{"class":67},[49,14562,77],{"class":63},[49,14564,1308],{"class":583},[49,14566,14567],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,14568,100],{"class":63},[49,14570,14571],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,14572,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,14574,14575,14577,14579,14581],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,14576,123],{"class":122},[49,14578,126],{"class":63},[49,14580,13104],{"class":112},[49,14582,335],{"class":63},[20,14584,14585],{},[30,14586,573],{},[40,14588,14590],{"className":42,"code":14589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14591,14592],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14593,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14595,8949],{"class":63},[49,14597,397],{"class":67},[49,14599,251],{"class":71},[49,14601,397],{"class":67},[49,14603,77],{"class":63},[49,14605,406],{"class":67},[49,14607,12357],{"class":71},[49,14609,397],{"class":67},[49,14611,84],{"class":63},[49,14613,406],{"class":67},[49,14615,272],{"class":71},[49,14617,397],{"class":67},[49,14619,77],{"class":63},[49,14621,7462],{"class":80},[49,14623,84],{"class":63},[49,14625,406],{"class":67},[49,14627,14558],{"class":71},[49,14629,397],{"class":67},[49,14631,77],{"class":63},[49,14633,3589],{"class":583},[49,14635,100],{"class":63},[20,14637,14638],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[35,14640,14642],{"id":14641},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[155,14644,14645,14648,14651,14654],{},[158,14646,14647],{},"What a dictionary is",[158,14649,14650],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[158,14652,14653],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[158,14655,14656],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[35,14658,14647],{"id":14659},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14661,8804,14662,109],{},[30,14663,8807],{},[155,14665,14666,14672],{},[158,14667,14668,14669,14671],{},"A ",[30,14670,14320],{}," is the label",[158,14673,14668,14674,14676],{},[30,14675,2142],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14678,14679],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[40,14681,14683],{"className":42,"code":14682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14684,14685,14693,14709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14686,14687,14689,14691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14688,12340],{"class":55},[49,14690,60],{"class":59},[49,14692,243],{"class":63},[49,14694,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,14696,248],{"class":67},[49,14698,251],{"class":71},[49,14700,68],{"class":67},[49,14702,77],{"class":63},[49,14704,87],{"class":67},[49,14706,12357],{"class":71},[49,14708,301],{"class":67},[49,14710,14711],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,14712,100],{"class":63},[155,14714,14715,14721],{},[158,14716,14717,14720],{},[15,14718,14719],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[158,14722,14723,14726],{},[15,14724,14725],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14728,14729],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[155,14731,14732,14734,14736,14739],{},[158,14733,251],{},[158,14735,272],{},[158,14737,14738],{},"email",[158,14740,14741],{},"country",[35,14743,14745],{"id":14744},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14747,14748],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14750,1762,14751,14753,14754,109],{},[15,14752,175],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14755,14756],{},"key: value",[40,14758,14760],{"className":42,"code":14759,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14761,14762,14770,14788,14802,14819,14823,14827],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14763,14764,14766,14768],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14765,12340],{"class":55},[49,14767,60],{"class":59},[49,14769,243],{"class":63},[49,14771,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,14773,248],{"class":67},[49,14775,251],{"class":71},[49,14777,68],{"class":67},[49,14779,77],{"class":63},[49,14781,87],{"class":67},[49,14783,12357],{"class":71},[49,14785,68],{"class":67},[49,14787,265],{"class":63},[49,14789,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,14791,248],{"class":67},[49,14793,272],{"class":71},[49,14795,68],{"class":67},[49,14797,77],{"class":63},[49,14799,7462],{"class":80},[49,14801,265],{"class":63},[49,14803,14804,14806,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,14805,248],{"class":67},[49,14807,14808],{"class":71},"course",[49,14810,68],{"class":67},[49,14812,77],{"class":63},[49,14814,87],{"class":67},[49,14816,6968],{"class":71},[49,14818,301],{"class":67},[49,14820,14821],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,14822,100],{"class":63},[49,14824,14825],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,14826,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,14828,14829,14831,14833,14835],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,14830,123],{"class":122},[49,14832,126],{"class":63},[49,14834,13104],{"class":112},[49,14836,335],{"class":63},[20,14838,14839],{},[30,14840,573],{},[40,14842,14844],{"className":42,"code":14843,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14845,14846],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14847,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14849,8949],{"class":63},[49,14851,397],{"class":67},[49,14853,251],{"class":71},[49,14855,397],{"class":67},[49,14857,77],{"class":63},[49,14859,406],{"class":67},[49,14861,12357],{"class":71},[49,14863,397],{"class":67},[49,14865,84],{"class":63},[49,14867,406],{"class":67},[49,14869,272],{"class":71},[49,14871,397],{"class":67},[49,14873,77],{"class":63},[49,14875,7462],{"class":80},[49,14877,84],{"class":63},[49,14879,406],{"class":67},[49,14881,14808],{"class":71},[49,14883,397],{"class":67},[49,14885,77],{"class":63},[49,14887,406],{"class":67},[49,14889,6968],{"class":71},[49,14891,397],{"class":67},[49,14893,100],{"class":63},[591,14895,14897],{"id":14896},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[155,14899,14900,14905,14910,14913],{},[158,14901,1762,14902,14904],{},[15,14903,175],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[158,14906,14907,14908],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14909,14756],{},[158,14911,14912],{},"Separate items with commas",[158,14914,14915],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14917,1244],{},[40,14919,14921],{"className":42,"code":14920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14922,14923,14932,14952,14968,14981,14985,14989],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14924,14925,14928,14930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14926,14927],{"class":55},"book ",[49,14929,60],{"class":59},[49,14931,243],{"class":63},[49,14933,14934,14936,14939,14941,14943,14945,14948,14950],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,14935,248],{"class":67},[49,14937,14938],{"class":71},"title",[49,14940,68],{"class":67},[49,14942,77],{"class":63},[49,14944,87],{"class":67},[49,14946,14947],{"class":71},"Python Basics",[49,14949,68],{"class":67},[49,14951,265],{"class":63},[49,14953,14954,14956,14959,14961,14963,14966],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,14955,248],{"class":67},[49,14957,14958],{"class":71},"pages",[49,14960,68],{"class":67},[49,14962,77],{"class":63},[49,14964,14965],{"class":80}," 150",[49,14967,265],{"class":63},[49,14969,14970,14972,14975,14977,14979],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,14971,248],{"class":67},[49,14973,14974],{"class":71},"available",[49,14976,68],{"class":67},[49,14978,77],{"class":63},[49,14980,1308],{"class":583},[49,14982,14983],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,14984,100],{"class":63},[49,14986,14987],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,14988,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,14990,14991,14993,14995,14998],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,14992,123],{"class":122},[49,14994,126],{"class":63},[49,14996,14997],{"class":112},"book",[49,14999,335],{"class":63},[20,15001,15002],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[35,15004,9070],{"id":9069},[20,15006,15007],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15009,15010],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[40,15012,15014],{"className":42,"code":15013,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15015,15016,15024],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15017,15018,15020,15022],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15019,56],{"class":55},[49,15021,60],{"class":59},[49,15023,450],{"class":63},[49,15025,15026,15028,15030,15032],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15027,123],{"class":122},[49,15029,126],{"class":63},[49,15031,106],{"class":112},[49,15033,335],{"class":63},[40,15035,15036],{"className":42,"code":9073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,15037,15038,15048],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15039,15040,15042,15044,15046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15041,56],{"class":55},[49,15043,60],{"class":59},[49,15045,8842],{"class":1428},[49,15047,116],{"class":63},[49,15049,15050,15052,15054,15056],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15051,123],{"class":122},[49,15053,126],{"class":63},[49,15055,106],{"class":112},[49,15057,335],{"class":63},[20,15059,15060],{},[30,15061,573],{},[40,15063,15064],{"className":42,"code":589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,15065,15066],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15067,15068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15069,589],{"class":63},[20,15071,15072],{},"Both are correct.",[591,15074,15076],{"id":15075},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15078,15079,15081,15082,15085],{},[15,15080,175],{}," creates an empty ",[30,15083,15084],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15087,15088,15089,109],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15090,3469],{},[40,15092,15094],{"className":42,"code":15093,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15095,15096,15104,15116,15120,15134],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15097,15098,15100,15102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15099,495],{"class":55},[49,15101,60],{"class":59},[49,15103,450],{"class":63},[49,15105,15106,15109,15111,15114],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15107,15108],{"class":55},"my_set ",[49,15110,60],{"class":59},[49,15112,15113],{"class":1428}," set",[49,15115,116],{"class":63},[49,15117,15118],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,15119,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,15121,15122,15124,15126,15128,15130,15132],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,15123,123],{"class":122},[49,15125,126],{"class":63},[49,15127,1429],{"class":1428},[49,15129,126],{"class":63},[49,15131,199],{"class":112},[49,15133,1436],{"class":63},[49,15135,15136,15138,15140,15142,15144,15147],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,15137,123],{"class":122},[49,15139,126],{"class":63},[49,15141,1429],{"class":1428},[49,15143,126],{"class":63},[49,15145,15146],{"class":112},"my_set",[49,15148,1436],{"class":63},[20,15150,15151],{},[30,15152,573],{},[40,15154,15156],{"className":42,"code":15155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15157,15158,15172],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15159,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15161,2962],{"class":59},[49,15163,2965],{"class":1734},[49,15165,406],{"class":67},[49,15167,8496],{"class":71},[49,15169,397],{"class":67},[49,15171,2974],{"class":59},[49,15173,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15175,2962],{"class":59},[49,15177,2965],{"class":1734},[49,15179,406],{"class":67},[49,15181,5960],{"class":71},[49,15183,397],{"class":67},[49,15185,2974],{"class":59},[35,15187,15189,15190],{"id":15188},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15191,8795],{},[20,15193,15194,15195,15197],{},"You can also use ",[15,15196,8795],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15199,15200],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[40,15202,15204],{"className":42,"code":15203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15205,15206,15246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15207,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232,15235,15237,15240,15242,15244],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15209,12340],{"class":55},[49,15211,60],{"class":59},[49,15213,8842],{"class":1428},[49,15215,126],{"class":63},[49,15217,251],{"class":8847},[49,15219,60],{"class":59},[49,15221,68],{"class":67},[49,15223,12357],{"class":71},[49,15225,68],{"class":67},[49,15227,84],{"class":63},[49,15229,8860],{"class":8847},[49,15231,60],{"class":59},[49,15233,15234],{"class":80},"20",[49,15236,84],{"class":63},[49,15238,15239],{"class":8847}," active",[49,15241,60],{"class":59},[49,15243,3276],{"class":583},[49,15245,335],{"class":63},[49,15247,15248,15250,15252,15254],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15249,123],{"class":122},[49,15251,126],{"class":63},[49,15253,13104],{"class":112},[49,15255,335],{"class":63},[20,15257,15258],{},[30,15259,573],{},[40,15261,15263],{"className":42,"code":15262,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15264,15265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15266,15267,15269,15271,15273,15275,15277,15279,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15302,15304,15306,15308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15268,8949],{"class":63},[49,15270,397],{"class":67},[49,15272,251],{"class":71},[49,15274,397],{"class":67},[49,15276,77],{"class":63},[49,15278,406],{"class":67},[49,15280,12357],{"class":71},[49,15282,397],{"class":67},[49,15284,84],{"class":63},[49,15286,406],{"class":67},[49,15288,272],{"class":71},[49,15290,397],{"class":67},[49,15292,77],{"class":63},[49,15294,7462],{"class":80},[49,15296,84],{"class":63},[49,15298,406],{"class":67},[49,15300,15301],{"class":71},"active",[49,15303,397],{"class":67},[49,15305,77],{"class":63},[49,15307,3589],{"class":583},[49,15309,100],{"class":63},[20,15311,15312],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[591,15314,15316,15317],{"id":15315},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15318,8795],{},[20,15320,15321],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[155,15323,15324,15327],{},[158,15325,15326],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[158,15328,15329],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15331,6358],{},[40,15333,15335],{"className":42,"code":15334,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15336,15337,15367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15338,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15340,238],{"class":55},[49,15342,60],{"class":59},[49,15344,8842],{"class":1428},[49,15346,126],{"class":63},[49,15348,251],{"class":8847},[49,15350,60],{"class":59},[49,15352,68],{"class":67},[49,15354,7348],{"class":71},[49,15356,68],{"class":67},[49,15358,84],{"class":63},[49,15360,8860],{"class":8847},[49,15362,60],{"class":59},[49,15364,8865],{"class":80},[49,15366,335],{"class":63},[49,15368,15369,15371,15373,15375],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15370,123],{"class":122},[49,15372,126],{"class":63},[49,15374,346],{"class":112},[49,15376,335],{"class":63},[20,15378,4302,15379,15381],{},[30,15380,600],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[40,15383,15385],{"className":42,"code":15384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15386,15387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15388,15389],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15390,15384],{"class":134},[20,15392,15393],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15395,15396],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[40,15398,15400],{"className":42,"code":15399,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15401,15402,15410,15426,15430,15434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15403,15404,15406,15408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15405,238],{"class":55},[49,15407,60],{"class":59},[49,15409,243],{"class":63},[49,15411,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15413,248],{"class":67},[49,15415,10159],{"class":71},[49,15417,68],{"class":67},[49,15419,77],{"class":63},[49,15421,87],{"class":67},[49,15423,7348],{"class":71},[49,15425,301],{"class":67},[49,15427,15428],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,15429,100],{"class":63},[49,15431,15432],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,15433,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,15435,15436,15438,15440,15442],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,15437,123],{"class":122},[49,15439,126],{"class":63},[49,15441,346],{"class":112},[49,15443,335],{"class":63},[35,15445,9111],{"id":9110},[20,15447,15448,15450],{},[15,15449,8795],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15452,15453],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[40,15455,15457],{"className":42,"code":15456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15458,15459,15516,15520,15534,15538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15460,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491,15493,15495,15497,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15512,15514],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15462,8886],{"class":55},[49,15464,60],{"class":59},[49,15466,8891],{"class":63},[49,15468,68],{"class":67},[49,15470,251],{"class":71},[49,15472,68],{"class":67},[49,15474,84],{"class":63},[49,15476,87],{"class":67},[49,15478,12357],{"class":71},[49,15480,68],{"class":67},[49,15482,8904],{"class":63},[49,15484,8907],{"class":63},[49,15486,68],{"class":67},[49,15488,272],{"class":71},[49,15490,68],{"class":67},[49,15492,84],{"class":63},[49,15494,7462],{"class":80},[49,15496,8904],{"class":63},[49,15498,8907],{"class":63},[49,15500,68],{"class":67},[49,15502,289],{"class":71},[49,15504,68],{"class":67},[49,15506,84],{"class":63},[49,15508,87],{"class":67},[49,15510,15511],{"class":71},"Lima",[49,15513,68],{"class":67},[49,15515,8920],{"class":63},[49,15517,15518],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15519,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,15521,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,15523,12340],{"class":55},[49,15525,60],{"class":59},[49,15527,8842],{"class":1428},[49,15529,126],{"class":63},[49,15531,8933],{"class":112},[49,15533,335],{"class":63},[49,15535,15536],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,15537,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,15539,15540,15542,15544,15546],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,15541,123],{"class":122},[49,15543,126],{"class":63},[49,15545,13104],{"class":112},[49,15547,335],{"class":63},[20,15549,15550],{},[30,15551,573],{},[40,15553,15555],{"className":42,"code":15554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15556,15557],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15558,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15560,8949],{"class":63},[49,15562,397],{"class":67},[49,15564,251],{"class":71},[49,15566,397],{"class":67},[49,15568,77],{"class":63},[49,15570,406],{"class":67},[49,15572,12357],{"class":71},[49,15574,397],{"class":67},[49,15576,84],{"class":63},[49,15578,406],{"class":67},[49,15580,272],{"class":71},[49,15582,397],{"class":67},[49,15584,77],{"class":63},[49,15586,7462],{"class":80},[49,15588,84],{"class":63},[49,15590,406],{"class":67},[49,15592,289],{"class":71},[49,15594,397],{"class":67},[49,15596,77],{"class":63},[49,15598,406],{"class":67},[49,15600,15511],{"class":71},[49,15602,397],{"class":67},[49,15604,100],{"class":63},[20,15606,15607],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[40,15609,15611],{"className":42,"code":15610,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15612,15613,15654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15614,15615,15617,15619,15621,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15616,12340],{"class":55},[49,15618,60],{"class":59},[49,15620,8842],{"class":1428},[49,15622,15623],{"class":63},"(((",[49,15625,68],{"class":67},[49,15627,251],{"class":71},[49,15629,68],{"class":67},[49,15631,84],{"class":63},[49,15633,87],{"class":67},[49,15635,12357],{"class":71},[49,15637,68],{"class":67},[49,15639,8904],{"class":63},[49,15641,8907],{"class":63},[49,15643,68],{"class":67},[49,15645,272],{"class":71},[49,15647,68],{"class":67},[49,15649,84],{"class":63},[49,15651,7462],{"class":80},[49,15653,2582],{"class":63},[49,15655,15656,15658,15660,15662],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15657,123],{"class":122},[49,15659,126],{"class":63},[49,15661,13104],{"class":112},[49,15663,335],{"class":63},[20,15665,15666],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[35,15668,15670],{"id":15669},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15672,15673],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[155,15675,15676,15679,15682,15685],{},[158,15677,15678],{},"Keys must be unique",[158,15680,15681],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[158,15683,15684],{},"Values can repeat",[158,15686,15687],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[591,15689,15691],{"id":15690},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[40,15693,15695],{"className":42,"code":15694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15696,15697,15705,15723,15740,15744,15748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15698,15699,15701,15703],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15700,56],{"class":55},[49,15702,60],{"class":59},[49,15704,243],{"class":63},[49,15706,15707,15709,15711,15713,15715,15717,15719,15721],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15708,248],{"class":67},[49,15710,251],{"class":71},[49,15712,68],{"class":67},[49,15714,77],{"class":63},[49,15716,87],{"class":67},[49,15718,12357],{"class":71},[49,15720,68],{"class":67},[49,15722,265],{"class":63},[49,15724,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15738],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,15726,248],{"class":67},[49,15728,251],{"class":71},[49,15730,68],{"class":67},[49,15732,77],{"class":63},[49,15734,87],{"class":67},[49,15736,15737],{"class":71},"Maria",[49,15739,301],{"class":67},[49,15741,15742],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,15743,100],{"class":63},[49,15745,15746],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,15747,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,15749,15750,15752,15754,15756],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,15751,123],{"class":122},[49,15753,126],{"class":63},[49,15755,106],{"class":112},[49,15757,335],{"class":63},[20,15759,15760],{},[30,15761,573],{},[40,15763,15765],{"className":42,"code":15764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15766,15767],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15768,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781,15783,15785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15770,8949],{"class":63},[49,15772,397],{"class":67},[49,15774,251],{"class":71},[49,15776,397],{"class":67},[49,15778,77],{"class":63},[49,15780,406],{"class":67},[49,15782,15737],{"class":71},[49,15784,397],{"class":67},[49,15786,100],{"class":63},[20,15788,15789],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[591,15791,15793],{"id":15792},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[40,15795,15797],{"className":42,"code":15796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15798,15799,15807,15823,15839,15853,15857,15861],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15800,15801,15803,15805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15802,4737],{"class":55},[49,15804,60],{"class":59},[49,15806,243],{"class":63},[49,15808,15809,15812,15814,15816,15819,15821],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15810,15811],{"class":80},"    1",[49,15813,77],{"class":63},[49,15815,87],{"class":67},[49,15817,15818],{"class":71},"low",[49,15820,68],{"class":67},[49,15822,265],{"class":63},[49,15824,15825,15828,15830,15832,15835,15837],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,15826,15827],{"class":80},"    2",[49,15829,77],{"class":63},[49,15831,87],{"class":67},[49,15833,15834],{"class":71},"medium",[49,15836,68],{"class":67},[49,15838,265],{"class":63},[49,15840,15841,15844,15846,15848,15851],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,15842,15843],{"class":80},"    3",[49,15845,77],{"class":63},[49,15847,87],{"class":67},[49,15849,15850],{"class":71},"high",[49,15852,301],{"class":67},[49,15854,15855],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,15856,100],{"class":63},[49,15858,15859],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,15860,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,15862,15863,15865,15867,15870],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,15864,123],{"class":122},[49,15866,126],{"class":63},[49,15868,15869],{"class":112},"scores",[49,15871,335],{"class":63},[591,15873,15875],{"id":15874},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15877,15878],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15880,15881],{},"This will cause an error:",[40,15883,15885],{"className":42,"code":15884,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15886,15887,15892,15897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15888,15889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15890,15891],{"class":134},"# bad = {\n",[49,15893,15894],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15895,15896],{"class":134},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[49,15898,15899],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,15900,15901],{"class":134},"# }\n",[20,15903,15904],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[40,15906,15908],{"className":42,"code":15907,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15909,15910,15919,15939,15943,15947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15911,15912,15915,15917],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15913,15914],{"class":55},"good ",[49,15916,60],{"class":59},[49,15918,243],{"class":63},[49,15920,15921,15924,15926,15928,15930,15933,15935,15937],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15922,15923],{"class":63},"    (",[49,15925,2659],{"class":80},[49,15927,84],{"class":63},[49,15929,97],{"class":80},[49,15931,15932],{"class":63},"):",[49,15934,87],{"class":67},[49,15936,3323],{"class":71},[49,15938,301],{"class":67},[49,15940,15941],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,15942,100],{"class":63},[49,15944,15945],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,15946,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,15948,15949,15951,15953,15956],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,15950,123],{"class":122},[49,15952,126],{"class":63},[49,15954,15955],{"class":112},"good",[49,15957,335],{"class":63},[35,15959,15961],{"id":15960},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,15963,15964],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,15966,15967],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[155,15969,15970,15973,15975,15978],{},[158,15971,15972],{},"user data",[158,15974,13363],{},[158,15976,15977],{},"counters",[158,15979,15980],{},"lookups",[20,15982,1244],{},[40,15984,15986],{"className":42,"code":15985,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,15987,15988,15996,16015,16034,16046,16050,16054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15989,15990,15992,15994],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15991,238],{"class":55},[49,15993,60],{"class":59},[49,15995,243],{"class":63},[49,15997,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16011,16013],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,15999,248],{"class":67},[49,16001,7658],{"class":71},[49,16003,68],{"class":67},[49,16005,77],{"class":63},[49,16007,87],{"class":67},[49,16009,16010],{"class":71},"ana123",[49,16012,68],{"class":67},[49,16014,265],{"class":63},[49,16016,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16030,16032],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,16018,248],{"class":67},[49,16020,14738],{"class":71},[49,16022,68],{"class":67},[49,16024,77],{"class":63},[49,16026,87],{"class":67},[49,16028,16029],{"class":71},"ana@example.com",[49,16031,68],{"class":67},[49,16033,265],{"class":63},[49,16035,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,16037,248],{"class":67},[49,16039,1301],{"class":71},[49,16041,68],{"class":67},[49,16043,77],{"class":63},[49,16045,1308],{"class":583},[49,16047,16048],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,16049,100],{"class":63},[49,16051,16052],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,16053,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,16055,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,16057,123],{"class":122},[49,16059,126],{"class":63},[49,16061,346],{"class":112},[49,16063,3573],{"class":63},[49,16065,68],{"class":67},[49,16067,14738],{"class":71},[49,16069,68],{"class":67},[49,16071,3561],{"class":63},[20,16073,16074,16075,109],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[72,16076,16078],{"href":16077},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16080,16081],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[155,16083,16084,16087,16090],{},[158,16085,16086],{},"labels are not needed",[158,16088,16089],{},"you mostly care about position",[158,16091,16092],{},"order matters more than named fields",[35,16094,1376],{"id":1375},[20,16096,16097],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[155,16099,16100,16103,16106,16109,16112],{},[158,16101,16102],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[158,16104,16105],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[158,16107,16108],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[158,16110,16111],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[158,16113,16114,16115,16117],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16116,175],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[591,16119,16121],{"id":16120},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16123,16124],{},"Wrong:",[40,16126,16128],{"className":42,"code":16127,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16129,16130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16131,16132],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16133,16127],{"class":134},[20,16135,16136],{},"Correct:",[40,16138,16140],{"className":42,"code":16139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16141,16142,16166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16143,16144,16146,16148,16150,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16145,12340],{"class":55},[49,16147,60],{"class":59},[49,16149,64],{"class":63},[49,16151,68],{"class":67},[49,16153,251],{"class":71},[49,16155,68],{"class":67},[49,16157,77],{"class":63},[49,16159,87],{"class":67},[49,16161,12357],{"class":71},[49,16163,68],{"class":67},[49,16165,100],{"class":63},[49,16167,16168,16170,16172,16174],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,16169,123],{"class":122},[49,16171,126],{"class":63},[49,16173,13104],{"class":112},[49,16175,335],{"class":63},[591,16177,16179],{"id":16178},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16181,16124],{},[40,16183,16185],{"className":42,"code":16184,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16186,16187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16188,16189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16190,16184],{"class":134},[20,16192,16193,16194,16196,16197,16199],{},"This only works if ",[15,16195,251],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16198,14719],{},", use quotes.",[20,16201,16136],{},[40,16203,16204],{"className":42,"code":16139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,16205,16206,16230],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16207,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16209,12340],{"class":55},[49,16211,60],{"class":59},[49,16213,64],{"class":63},[49,16215,68],{"class":67},[49,16217,251],{"class":71},[49,16219,68],{"class":67},[49,16221,77],{"class":63},[49,16223,87],{"class":67},[49,16225,12357],{"class":71},[49,16227,68],{"class":67},[49,16229,100],{"class":63},[49,16231,16232,16234,16236,16238],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,16233,123],{"class":122},[49,16235,126],{"class":63},[49,16237,13104],{"class":112},[49,16239,335],{"class":63},[591,16241,16243],{"id":16242},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[40,16245,16247],{"className":42,"code":16246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16248,16249,16281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16250,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16252,56],{"class":55},[49,16254,60],{"class":59},[49,16256,64],{"class":63},[49,16258,68],{"class":67},[49,16260,272],{"class":71},[49,16262,68],{"class":67},[49,16264,77],{"class":63},[49,16266,7462],{"class":80},[49,16268,84],{"class":63},[49,16270,87],{"class":67},[49,16272,272],{"class":71},[49,16274,68],{"class":67},[49,16276,77],{"class":63},[49,16278,7467],{"class":80},[49,16280,100],{"class":63},[49,16282,16283,16285,16287,16289],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,16284,123],{"class":122},[49,16286,126],{"class":63},[49,16288,106],{"class":112},[49,16290,335],{"class":63},[20,16292,16293],{},[30,16294,573],{},[40,16296,16298],{"className":42,"code":16297,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16299,16300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16301,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16303,8949],{"class":63},[49,16305,397],{"class":67},[49,16307,272],{"class":71},[49,16309,397],{"class":67},[49,16311,77],{"class":63},[49,16313,7467],{"class":80},[49,16315,100],{"class":63},[35,16317,16319],{"id":16318},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16321,16322],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[40,16324,16326],{"className":42,"code":16325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16327,16328,16364,16368,16378,16392,16407,16421],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16329,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16331,495],{"class":55},[49,16333,60],{"class":59},[49,16335,64],{"class":63},[49,16337,68],{"class":67},[49,16339,251],{"class":71},[49,16341,68],{"class":67},[49,16343,77],{"class":63},[49,16345,87],{"class":67},[49,16347,12357],{"class":71},[49,16349,68],{"class":67},[49,16351,84],{"class":63},[49,16353,87],{"class":67},[49,16355,272],{"class":71},[49,16357,68],{"class":67},[49,16359,77],{"class":63},[49,16361,7462],{"class":80},[49,16363,100],{"class":63},[49,16365,16366],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,16367,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,16369,16370,16372,16374,16376],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,16371,123],{"class":122},[49,16373,126],{"class":63},[49,16375,199],{"class":112},[49,16377,335],{"class":63},[49,16379,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,16381,123],{"class":122},[49,16383,126],{"class":63},[49,16385,1429],{"class":1428},[49,16387,126],{"class":63},[49,16389,199],{"class":112},[49,16391,1436],{"class":63},[49,16393,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16405],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,16395,123],{"class":122},[49,16397,126],{"class":63},[49,16399,199],{"class":112},[49,16401,109],{"class":63},[49,16403,16404],{"class":112},"keys",[49,16406,6865],{"class":63},[49,16408,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,16410,123],{"class":122},[49,16412,126],{"class":63},[49,16414,199],{"class":112},[49,16416,109],{"class":63},[49,16418,5031],{"class":112},[49,16420,6865],{"class":63},[49,16422,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,16424,123],{"class":122},[49,16426,126],{"class":63},[49,16428,10824],{"class":122},[49,16430,126],{"class":63},[49,16432,199],{"class":112},[49,16434,1436],{"class":63},[20,16436,16437],{},[30,16438,16439],{},"Example output:",[40,16441,16443],{"className":42,"code":16442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16444,16445,16477,16491,16514,16533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16446,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16448,8949],{"class":63},[49,16450,397],{"class":67},[49,16452,251],{"class":71},[49,16454,397],{"class":67},[49,16456,77],{"class":63},[49,16458,406],{"class":67},[49,16460,12357],{"class":71},[49,16462,397],{"class":67},[49,16464,84],{"class":63},[49,16466,406],{"class":67},[49,16468,272],{"class":71},[49,16470,397],{"class":67},[49,16472,77],{"class":63},[49,16474,7462],{"class":80},[49,16476,100],{"class":63},[49,16478,16479,16481,16483,16485,16487,16489],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,16480,2962],{"class":59},[49,16482,2965],{"class":1734},[49,16484,406],{"class":67},[49,16486,8496],{"class":71},[49,16488,397],{"class":67},[49,16490,2974],{"class":59},[49,16492,16493,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508,16510,16512],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,16494,16495],{"class":112},"dict_keys",[49,16497,2656],{"class":63},[49,16499,397],{"class":67},[49,16501,251],{"class":71},[49,16503,397],{"class":67},[49,16505,84],{"class":63},[49,16507,406],{"class":67},[49,16509,272],{"class":71},[49,16511,397],{"class":67},[49,16513,3561],{"class":63},[49,16515,16516,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529,16531],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,16517,16518],{"class":112},"dict_values",[49,16520,2656],{"class":63},[49,16522,397],{"class":67},[49,16524,12357],{"class":71},[49,16526,397],{"class":67},[49,16528,84],{"class":63},[49,16530,7462],{"class":80},[49,16532,3561],{"class":63},[49,16534,16535],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,16536,16537],{"class":80},"2\n",[20,16539,16540,16541,1858,16547,16553,16554,109],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[72,16542,1567,16544],{"href":16543},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16545,16546],{},"keys()",[72,16548,1567,16550],{"href":16549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16551,16552],{},"values()",", and ",[72,16555,1567,16557],{"href":16556},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16558,16559],{},"items()",[35,16561,1498],{"id":1497},[591,16563,16565],{"id":16564},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16567,1762,16568,2548,16570,16572],{},[15,16569,175],{},[15,16571,8795],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[591,16574,16576],{"id":16575},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16578,16579,16580,109],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16581,16582],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[591,16584,16586],{"id":16585},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16588,16589],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[591,16591,16593],{"id":16592},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16595,16596],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[591,16598,1524,16600,1017,16602,1529],{"id":16599},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16601,175],{},[15,16603,8795],{},[20,16605,16606,16608,16609,16611],{},[15,16607,175],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16610,8795],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[35,16613,1550],{"id":1549},[155,16615,16616,16620,16626,16630,16636],{},[158,16617,16618],{},[72,16619,185],{"href":184},[158,16621,16622],{},[72,16623,1567,16624,1571],{"href":10400},[15,16625,10403],{},[158,16627,16628],{},[72,16629,10913],{"href":10395},[158,16631,16632],{},[72,16633,16635],{"href":16634},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[158,16637,16638],{},[72,16639,10924],{"href":10736},[20,16641,16642],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1597,16644,16645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":16647},[16648,16649,16650,16651,16654,16657,16662,16663,16668,16669,16674,16675,16683],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":14641,"depth":103,"text":14642},{"id":14659,"depth":103,"text":14647},{"id":14744,"depth":103,"text":14745,"children":16652},[16653],{"id":14896,"depth":119,"text":14897},{"id":9069,"depth":103,"text":9070,"children":16655},[16656],{"id":15075,"depth":119,"text":15076},{"id":15188,"depth":103,"text":16658,"children":16659},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16660],{"id":15315,"depth":119,"text":16661},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9110,"depth":103,"text":9111},{"id":15669,"depth":103,"text":15670,"children":16664},[16665,16666,16667],{"id":15690,"depth":119,"text":15691},{"id":15792,"depth":119,"text":15793},{"id":15874,"depth":119,"text":15875},{"id":15960,"depth":103,"text":15961},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":16670},[16671,16672,16673],{"id":16120,"depth":119,"text":16121},{"id":16178,"depth":119,"text":16179},{"id":16242,"depth":119,"text":16243},{"id":16318,"depth":103,"text":16319},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":16676},[16677,16678,16679,16680,16681],{"id":16564,"depth":119,"text":16565},{"id":16575,"depth":119,"text":16576},{"id":16585,"depth":119,"text":16586},{"id":16592,"depth":119,"text":16593},{"id":16599,"depth":119,"text":16682},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14484,"description":16684},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16690,"title":16691,"body":16692,"description":19143,"extension":1632,"meta":19144,"navigation":312,"path":19145,"seo":19146,"stem":19147,"__hash__":19148},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16693,"toc":19099},[16694,16700,16706,16709,16712,16714,16796,16802,16807,16811,16829,16841,16846,16850,16873,16877,16889,16897,16901,16907,16909,16912,16987,16989,17034,17036,17053,17058,17064,17069,17143,17145,17190,17193,17204,17206,17325,17327,17380,17387,17391,17394,17411,17417,17421,17519,17521,17573,17580,17584,17590,17593,17596,17623,17628,17632,17635,17739,17741,17786,17789,17792,17797,17802,17813,17815,17876,17936,17942,17950,17956,17961,17966,18026,18030,18097,18100,18104,18175,18178,18191,18198,18200,18204,18208,18279,18281,18318,18321,18324,18387,18394,18397,18439,18449,18452,18521,18527,18532,18616,18618,18667,18674,18680,18725,18727,18760,18765,18769,18775,18814,18858,18926,18969,18971,18977,18980,18984,18989,18993,18996,19000,19002,19063,19065,19091,19096],[10,16695,13,16697,18],{"id":16696},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16698,16699],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16701,16702,16705],{},[15,16703,16704],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16707,16708],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16710,16711],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[35,16713,38],{"id":37},[40,16715,16717],{"className":42,"code":16716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16718,16719,16752,16780,16791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16720,16721,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16722,16723],{"class":55},"keys ",[49,16725,60],{"class":59},[49,16727,3296],{"class":63},[49,16729,68],{"class":67},[49,16731,251],{"class":71},[49,16733,68],{"class":67},[49,16735,84],{"class":63},[49,16737,87],{"class":67},[49,16739,272],{"class":71},[49,16741,68],{"class":67},[49,16743,84],{"class":63},[49,16745,87],{"class":67},[49,16747,289],{"class":71},[49,16749,68],{"class":67},[49,16751,3309],{"class":63},[49,16753,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16765,16767,16769,16771,16773,16776,16778],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,16755,12682],{"class":55},[49,16757,60],{"class":59},[49,16759,8842],{"class":1428},[49,16761,109],{"class":63},[49,16763,16764],{"class":112},"fromkeys",[49,16766,126],{"class":63},[49,16768,16404],{"class":112},[49,16770,84],{"class":63},[49,16772,87],{"class":67},[49,16774,16775],{"class":71},"unknown",[49,16777,68],{"class":67},[49,16779,335],{"class":63},[49,16781,16782,16784,16786,16789],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,16783,123],{"class":122},[49,16785,126],{"class":63},[49,16787,16788],{"class":112},"person",[49,16790,335],{"class":63},[49,16792,16793],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,16794,16795],{"class":134},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16797,1762,16798,16801],{},[15,16799,16800],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[35,16803,144,16805,147],{"id":16804},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16806,16704],{},[20,16808,16809,77],{},[15,16810,16704],{},[155,16812,16813,16816,16819,16822],{},[158,16814,16815],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[158,16817,16818],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[158,16820,16821],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[158,16823,16824,16825,16828],{},"Is called as ",[15,16826,16827],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16830,16831,16832,16834,16835,16837,16838,109],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16833,8496],{},", so you write ",[15,16836,16827],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16839,16840],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16842,16843,16844,109],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[72,16845,185],{"href":12500},[35,16847,16849],{"id":16848},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[40,16851,16853],{"className":42,"code":16852,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16854,16855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16856,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16858,8496],{"class":1428},[49,16860,109],{"class":63},[49,16862,16764],{"class":112},[49,16864,126],{"class":63},[49,16866,3394],{"class":112},[49,16868,84],{"class":63},[49,16870,8108],{"class":112},[49,16872,335],{"class":63},[591,16874,16876],{"id":16875},"parameters","Parameters",[155,16878,16879,16884],{},[158,16880,16881,16883],{},[15,16882,3394],{},": the keys to use",[158,16885,16886,16888],{},[15,16887,2142],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16890,16891,16892,16894,16895,109],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16893,2142],{},", each key gets ",[15,16896,169],{},[591,16898,16900],{"id":16899},"return-value","Return value",[20,16902,16903,16904,109],{},"It returns a ",[30,16905,16906],{},"new dictionary",[35,16908,5459],{"id":5458},[20,16910,16911],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[40,16913,16915],{"className":42,"code":16914,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16916,16917,16950,16972,16976],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16918,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16920,16723],{"class":55},[49,16922,60],{"class":59},[49,16924,3296],{"class":63},[49,16926,68],{"class":67},[49,16928,12570],{"class":71},[49,16930,68],{"class":67},[49,16932,84],{"class":63},[49,16934,87],{"class":67},[49,16936,16937],{"class":71},"green",[49,16939,68],{"class":67},[49,16941,84],{"class":63},[49,16943,87],{"class":67},[49,16945,12587],{"class":71},[49,16947,68],{"class":67},[49,16949,3309],{"class":63},[49,16951,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,16953,12553],{"class":55},[49,16955,60],{"class":59},[49,16957,8842],{"class":1428},[49,16959,109],{"class":63},[49,16961,16764],{"class":112},[49,16963,126],{"class":63},[49,16965,16404],{"class":112},[49,16967,84],{"class":63},[49,16969,3506],{"class":80},[49,16971,335],{"class":63},[49,16973,16974],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,16975,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,16977,16978,16980,16982,16985],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,16979,123],{"class":122},[49,16981,126],{"class":63},[49,16983,16984],{"class":112},"colors",[49,16986,335],{"class":63},[20,16988,573],{},[40,16990,16992],{"className":42,"code":16991,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,16993,16994],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16995,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16997,8949],{"class":63},[49,16999,397],{"class":67},[49,17001,12570],{"class":71},[49,17003,397],{"class":67},[49,17005,77],{"class":63},[49,17007,3506],{"class":80},[49,17009,84],{"class":63},[49,17011,406],{"class":67},[49,17013,16937],{"class":71},[49,17015,397],{"class":67},[49,17017,77],{"class":63},[49,17019,3506],{"class":80},[49,17021,84],{"class":63},[49,17023,406],{"class":67},[49,17025,12587],{"class":71},[49,17027,397],{"class":67},[49,17029,77],{"class":63},[49,17031,3506],{"class":80},[49,17033,100],{"class":63},[20,17035,453],{},[155,17037,17038,17043,17048],{},[158,17039,17040,17042],{},[15,17041,16404],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[158,17044,17045,17047],{},[15,17046,1790],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[158,17049,17050,17052],{},[15,17051,16704],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17054,17055,17056,109],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[72,17057,9059],{"href":12503},[35,17059,8092,17061,17063],{"id":17060},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17062,16699],{}," without a value",[20,17065,17066,17067,109],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17068,169],{},[40,17070,17072],{"className":42,"code":17071,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17073,17074,17108,17128,17132],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17075,17076,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17104,17106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17077,17078],{"class":55},"fields ",[49,17080,60],{"class":59},[49,17082,3296],{"class":63},[49,17084,68],{"class":67},[49,17086,7658],{"class":71},[49,17088,68],{"class":67},[49,17090,84],{"class":63},[49,17092,87],{"class":67},[49,17094,14738],{"class":71},[49,17096,68],{"class":67},[49,17098,84],{"class":63},[49,17100,87],{"class":67},[49,17102,17103],{"class":71},"password",[49,17105,68],{"class":67},[49,17107,3309],{"class":63},[49,17109,17110,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17126],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,17111,17112],{"class":55},"user_data ",[49,17114,60],{"class":59},[49,17116,8842],{"class":1428},[49,17118,109],{"class":63},[49,17120,16764],{"class":112},[49,17122,126],{"class":63},[49,17124,17125],{"class":112},"fields",[49,17127,335],{"class":63},[49,17129,17130],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,17131,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,17133,17134,17136,17138,17141],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,17135,123],{"class":122},[49,17137,126],{"class":63},[49,17139,17140],{"class":112},"user_data",[49,17142,335],{"class":63},[20,17144,573],{},[40,17146,17148],{"className":42,"code":17147,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17149,17150],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17151,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17153,8949],{"class":63},[49,17155,397],{"class":67},[49,17157,7658],{"class":71},[49,17159,397],{"class":67},[49,17161,77],{"class":63},[49,17163,3525],{"class":583},[49,17165,84],{"class":63},[49,17167,406],{"class":67},[49,17169,14738],{"class":71},[49,17171,397],{"class":67},[49,17173,77],{"class":63},[49,17175,3525],{"class":583},[49,17177,84],{"class":63},[49,17179,406],{"class":67},[49,17181,17103],{"class":71},[49,17183,397],{"class":67},[49,17185,77],{"class":63},[49,17187,3525],{"class":583},[49,17189,100],{"class":63},[20,17191,17192],{},"This is useful when:",[155,17194,17195,17198,17201],{},[158,17196,17197],{},"You want to create the keys first",[158,17199,17200],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[158,17202,17203],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17205,1244],{},[40,17207,17209],{"className":42,"code":17208,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17210,17211,17243,17261,17265,17288,17311,17315],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17212,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17214,17078],{"class":55},[49,17216,60],{"class":59},[49,17218,3296],{"class":63},[49,17220,68],{"class":67},[49,17222,7658],{"class":71},[49,17224,68],{"class":67},[49,17226,84],{"class":63},[49,17228,87],{"class":67},[49,17230,14738],{"class":71},[49,17232,68],{"class":67},[49,17234,84],{"class":63},[49,17236,87],{"class":67},[49,17238,17103],{"class":71},[49,17240,68],{"class":67},[49,17242,3309],{"class":63},[49,17244,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,17246,17112],{"class":55},[49,17248,60],{"class":59},[49,17250,8842],{"class":1428},[49,17252,109],{"class":63},[49,17254,16764],{"class":112},[49,17256,126],{"class":63},[49,17258,17125],{"class":112},[49,17260,335],{"class":63},[49,17262,17263],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,17264,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,17266,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17286],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,17268,17140],{"class":55},[49,17270,3573],{"class":63},[49,17272,68],{"class":67},[49,17274,7658],{"class":71},[49,17276,68],{"class":67},[49,17278,12751],{"class":63},[49,17280,12754],{"class":59},[49,17282,87],{"class":67},[49,17284,17285],{"class":71},"alice",[49,17287,301],{"class":67},[49,17289,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306,17309],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,17291,17140],{"class":55},[49,17293,3573],{"class":63},[49,17295,68],{"class":67},[49,17297,14738],{"class":71},[49,17299,68],{"class":67},[49,17301,12751],{"class":63},[49,17303,12754],{"class":59},[49,17305,87],{"class":67},[49,17307,17308],{"class":71},"alice@example.com",[49,17310,301],{"class":67},[49,17312,17313],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,17314,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,17316,17317,17319,17321,17323],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,17318,123],{"class":122},[49,17320,126],{"class":63},[49,17322,17140],{"class":112},[49,17324,335],{"class":63},[20,17326,573],{},[40,17328,17330],{"className":42,"code":17329,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17331,17332],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17333,17334,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17335,8949],{"class":63},[49,17337,397],{"class":67},[49,17339,7658],{"class":71},[49,17341,397],{"class":67},[49,17343,77],{"class":63},[49,17345,406],{"class":67},[49,17347,17285],{"class":71},[49,17349,397],{"class":67},[49,17351,84],{"class":63},[49,17353,406],{"class":67},[49,17355,14738],{"class":71},[49,17357,397],{"class":67},[49,17359,77],{"class":63},[49,17361,406],{"class":67},[49,17363,17308],{"class":71},[49,17365,397],{"class":67},[49,17367,84],{"class":63},[49,17369,406],{"class":67},[49,17371,17103],{"class":71},[49,17373,397],{"class":67},[49,17375,77],{"class":63},[49,17377,3525],{"class":583},[49,17379,100],{"class":63},[20,17381,17382,17383,109],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[72,17384,17386],{"href":17385},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[35,17388,17390],{"id":17389},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17392,17393],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[155,17395,17396,17401,17406],{},[158,17397,17398,17400],{},[15,17399,3460],{}," (list)",[158,17402,17403,17405],{},[15,17404,175],{}," (dictionary)",[158,17407,17408,17410],{},[15,17409,3469],{}," (set)",[20,17412,17413,17414,109],{},"All keys will point to the ",[30,17415,17416],{},"same object",[591,17418,17420],{"id":17419},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[40,17422,17424],{"className":42,"code":17423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17425,17426,17458,17479,17483,17505,17509],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17427,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17429,16723],{"class":55},[49,17431,60],{"class":59},[49,17433,3296],{"class":63},[49,17435,68],{"class":67},[49,17437,72],{"class":71},[49,17439,68],{"class":67},[49,17441,84],{"class":63},[49,17443,87],{"class":67},[49,17445,90],{"class":71},[49,17447,68],{"class":67},[49,17449,84],{"class":63},[49,17451,87],{"class":67},[49,17453,9406],{"class":71},[49,17455,68],{"class":67},[49,17457,3309],{"class":63},[49,17459,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,17461,56],{"class":55},[49,17463,60],{"class":59},[49,17465,8842],{"class":1428},[49,17467,109],{"class":63},[49,17469,16764],{"class":112},[49,17471,126],{"class":63},[49,17473,16404],{"class":112},[49,17475,84],{"class":63},[49,17477,17478],{"class":63}," [])\n",[49,17480,17481],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,17482,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,17484,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,17486,106],{"class":55},[49,17488,3573],{"class":63},[49,17490,68],{"class":67},[49,17492,72],{"class":71},[49,17494,68],{"class":67},[49,17496,13028],{"class":63},[49,17498,13031],{"class":112},[49,17500,126],{"class":63},[49,17502,2659],{"class":80},[49,17504,335],{"class":63},[49,17506,17507],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,17508,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,17510,17511,17513,17515,17517],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,17512,123],{"class":122},[49,17514,126],{"class":63},[49,17516,106],{"class":112},[49,17518,335],{"class":63},[20,17520,573],{},[40,17522,17524],{"className":42,"code":17523,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17525,17526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17527,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17529,8949],{"class":63},[49,17531,397],{"class":67},[49,17533,72],{"class":71},[49,17535,397],{"class":67},[49,17537,77],{"class":63},[49,17539,3296],{"class":63},[49,17541,2659],{"class":80},[49,17543,17544],{"class":63},"],",[49,17546,406],{"class":67},[49,17548,90],{"class":71},[49,17550,397],{"class":67},[49,17552,77],{"class":63},[49,17554,3296],{"class":63},[49,17556,2659],{"class":80},[49,17558,17544],{"class":63},[49,17560,406],{"class":67},[49,17562,9406],{"class":71},[49,17564,397],{"class":67},[49,17566,77],{"class":63},[49,17568,3296],{"class":63},[49,17570,2659],{"class":80},[49,17572,13184],{"class":63},[20,17574,17575,17576,17579],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17577,17578],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[591,17581,17583],{"id":17582},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17585,17586,17589],{},[15,17587,17588],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17591,17592],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17594,17595],{},"So this:",[40,17597,17599],{"className":42,"code":17598,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17600,17601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17602,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17604,106],{"class":55},[49,17606,3573],{"class":63},[49,17608,68],{"class":67},[49,17610,72],{"class":71},[49,17612,68],{"class":67},[49,17614,13028],{"class":63},[49,17616,13031],{"class":112},[49,17618,126],{"class":63},[49,17620,2659],{"class":80},[49,17622,335],{"class":63},[20,17624,17625,17626,109],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17627,17578],{},[591,17629,17631],{"id":17630},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17633,17634],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[40,17636,17638],{"className":42,"code":17637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17639,17640,17672,17699,17703,17725,17729],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17641,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17643,16723],{"class":55},[49,17645,60],{"class":59},[49,17647,3296],{"class":63},[49,17649,68],{"class":67},[49,17651,72],{"class":71},[49,17653,68],{"class":67},[49,17655,84],{"class":63},[49,17657,87],{"class":67},[49,17659,90],{"class":71},[49,17661,68],{"class":67},[49,17663,84],{"class":63},[49,17665,87],{"class":67},[49,17667,9406],{"class":71},[49,17669,68],{"class":67},[49,17671,3309],{"class":63},[49,17673,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17687,17689,17692,17694,17697],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,17675,56],{"class":55},[49,17677,60],{"class":59},[49,17679,64],{"class":63},[49,17681,14320],{"class":55},[49,17683,77],{"class":63},[49,17685,17686],{"class":63}," []",[49,17688,3549],{"class":973},[49,17690,17691],{"class":55}," key ",[49,17693,3555],{"class":973},[49,17695,17696],{"class":55}," keys",[49,17698,100],{"class":63},[49,17700,17701],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,17702,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,17704,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,17706,106],{"class":55},[49,17708,3573],{"class":63},[49,17710,68],{"class":67},[49,17712,72],{"class":71},[49,17714,68],{"class":67},[49,17716,13028],{"class":63},[49,17718,13031],{"class":112},[49,17720,126],{"class":63},[49,17722,2659],{"class":80},[49,17724,335],{"class":63},[49,17726,17727],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,17728,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,17730,17731,17733,17735,17737],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,17732,123],{"class":122},[49,17734,126],{"class":63},[49,17736,106],{"class":112},[49,17738,335],{"class":63},[20,17740,573],{},[40,17742,17744],{"className":42,"code":17743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17745,17746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17747,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17749,8949],{"class":63},[49,17751,397],{"class":67},[49,17753,72],{"class":71},[49,17755,397],{"class":67},[49,17757,77],{"class":63},[49,17759,3296],{"class":63},[49,17761,2659],{"class":80},[49,17763,17544],{"class":63},[49,17765,406],{"class":67},[49,17767,90],{"class":71},[49,17769,397],{"class":67},[49,17771,77],{"class":63},[49,17773,17774],{"class":63}," [],",[49,17776,406],{"class":67},[49,17778,9406],{"class":71},[49,17780,397],{"class":67},[49,17782,77],{"class":63},[49,17784,17785],{"class":63}," []}\n",[20,17787,17788],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17790,17791],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[35,17793,1223,17795],{"id":17794},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17796,16699],{},[20,17798,17799,17801],{},[15,17800,16704],{}," is a good choice when:",[155,17803,17804,17807,17810],{},[158,17805,17806],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[158,17808,17809],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[158,17811,17812],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17814,1796],{},[40,17816,17818],{"className":42,"code":17817,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17819,17820,17865],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17821,17822,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17857,17859,17861,17863],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17823,17824],{"class":55},"flags ",[49,17826,60],{"class":59},[49,17828,8842],{"class":1428},[49,17830,109],{"class":63},[49,17832,16764],{"class":112},[49,17834,2656],{"class":63},[49,17836,68],{"class":67},[49,17838,17839],{"class":71},"is_admin",[49,17841,68],{"class":67},[49,17843,84],{"class":63},[49,17845,87],{"class":67},[49,17847,14558],{"class":71},[49,17849,68],{"class":67},[49,17851,84],{"class":63},[49,17853,87],{"class":67},[49,17855,17856],{"class":71},"is_verified",[49,17858,68],{"class":67},[49,17860,17544],{"class":63},[49,17862,3580],{"class":583},[49,17864,335],{"class":63},[49,17866,17867,17869,17871,17874],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,17868,123],{"class":122},[49,17870,126],{"class":63},[49,17872,17873],{"class":112},"flags",[49,17875,335],{"class":63},[40,17877,17879],{"className":42,"code":17878,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17880,17881,17926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17882,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17900,17902,17904,17906,17909,17911,17913,17915,17918,17920,17922,17924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17884,4737],{"class":55},[49,17886,60],{"class":59},[49,17888,8842],{"class":1428},[49,17890,109],{"class":63},[49,17892,16764],{"class":112},[49,17894,2656],{"class":63},[49,17896,68],{"class":67},[49,17898,17899],{"class":71},"math",[49,17901,68],{"class":67},[49,17903,84],{"class":63},[49,17905,87],{"class":67},[49,17907,17908],{"class":71},"science",[49,17910,68],{"class":67},[49,17912,84],{"class":63},[49,17914,87],{"class":67},[49,17916,17917],{"class":71},"history",[49,17919,68],{"class":67},[49,17921,17544],{"class":63},[49,17923,3506],{"class":80},[49,17925,335],{"class":63},[49,17927,17928,17930,17932,17934],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,17929,123],{"class":122},[49,17931,126],{"class":63},[49,17933,15869],{"class":112},[49,17935,335],{"class":63},[20,17937,17938,17939,17941],{},"It is ",[30,17940,600],{}," the best choice when:",[155,17943,17944,17947],{},[158,17945,17946],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[158,17948,17949],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[35,17951,17953,17955],{"id":17952},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,17954,16699],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,17957,17958,17960],{},[15,17959,16699],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[591,17962,8092,17964],{"id":17963},"using-fromkeys",[15,17965,16699],{},[40,17967,17969],{"className":42,"code":17968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17970,17971,18016],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17972,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17990,17992,17994,17996,17999,18001,18003,18005,18008,18010,18012,18014],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17974,13304],{"class":55},[49,17976,60],{"class":59},[49,17978,8842],{"class":1428},[49,17980,109],{"class":63},[49,17982,16764],{"class":112},[49,17984,2656],{"class":63},[49,17986,68],{"class":67},[49,17988,17989],{"class":71},"sound",[49,17991,68],{"class":67},[49,17993,84],{"class":63},[49,17995,87],{"class":67},[49,17997,17998],{"class":71},"music",[49,18000,68],{"class":67},[49,18002,84],{"class":63},[49,18004,87],{"class":67},[49,18006,18007],{"class":71},"notifications",[49,18009,68],{"class":67},[49,18011,17544],{"class":63},[49,18013,3589],{"class":583},[49,18015,335],{"class":63},[49,18017,18018,18020,18022,18024],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18019,123],{"class":122},[49,18021,126],{"class":63},[49,18023,13363],{"class":112},[49,18025,335],{"class":63},[591,18027,18029],{"id":18028},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[40,18031,18033],{"className":42,"code":18032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18034,18035,18043,18057,18071,18083,18087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18036,18037,18039,18041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18038,13304],{"class":55},[49,18040,60],{"class":59},[49,18042,243],{"class":63},[49,18044,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18046,248],{"class":67},[49,18048,17989],{"class":71},[49,18050,68],{"class":67},[49,18052,77],{"class":63},[49,18054,3589],{"class":583},[49,18056,265],{"class":63},[49,18058,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,18060,248],{"class":67},[49,18062,17998],{"class":71},[49,18064,68],{"class":67},[49,18066,77],{"class":63},[49,18068,3580],{"class":583},[49,18070,265],{"class":63},[49,18072,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,18074,248],{"class":67},[49,18076,18007],{"class":71},[49,18078,68],{"class":67},[49,18080,77],{"class":63},[49,18082,1308],{"class":583},[49,18084,18085],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,18086,100],{"class":63},[49,18088,18089,18091,18093,18095],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,18090,123],{"class":122},[49,18092,126],{"class":63},[49,18094,13363],{"class":112},[49,18096,335],{"class":63},[20,18098,18099],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[591,18101,18103],{"id":18102},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[40,18105,18107],{"className":42,"code":18106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18108,18109,18141,18165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18110,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18112,16723],{"class":55},[49,18114,60],{"class":59},[49,18116,3296],{"class":63},[49,18118,68],{"class":67},[49,18120,72],{"class":71},[49,18122,68],{"class":67},[49,18124,84],{"class":63},[49,18126,87],{"class":67},[49,18128,90],{"class":71},[49,18130,68],{"class":67},[49,18132,84],{"class":63},[49,18134,87],{"class":67},[49,18136,9406],{"class":71},[49,18138,68],{"class":67},[49,18140,3309],{"class":63},[49,18142,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18144,56],{"class":55},[49,18146,60],{"class":59},[49,18148,64],{"class":63},[49,18150,14320],{"class":55},[49,18152,77],{"class":63},[49,18154,17686],{"class":63},[49,18156,3549],{"class":973},[49,18158,17691],{"class":55},[49,18160,3555],{"class":973},[49,18162,17696],{"class":55},[49,18164,100],{"class":63},[49,18166,18167,18169,18171,18173],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,18168,123],{"class":122},[49,18170,126],{"class":63},[49,18172,106],{"class":112},[49,18174,335],{"class":63},[20,18176,18177],{},"Use:",[155,18179,18180,18185,18188],{},[158,18181,18182,18184],{},[15,18183,16699],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[158,18186,18187],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[158,18189,18190],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18192,18193,18194,109],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[72,18195,1567,18196,1571],{"href":13511},[15,18197,14433],{},[35,18199,1376],{"id":1375},[20,18201,14212,18202,109],{},[15,18203,16704],{},[591,18205,18207],{"id":18206},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[40,18209,18211],{"className":42,"code":18210,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18212,18213,18246,18269],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18214,18215,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18216,18217],{"class":55},"d ",[49,18219,60],{"class":59},[49,18221,8842],{"class":1428},[49,18223,109],{"class":63},[49,18225,16764],{"class":112},[49,18227,2656],{"class":63},[49,18229,68],{"class":67},[49,18231,72],{"class":71},[49,18233,68],{"class":67},[49,18235,84],{"class":63},[49,18237,87],{"class":67},[49,18239,90],{"class":71},[49,18241,68],{"class":67},[49,18243,17544],{"class":63},[49,18245,17478],{"class":63},[49,18247,18248,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18249,18250],{"class":55},"d",[49,18252,3573],{"class":63},[49,18254,68],{"class":67},[49,18256,72],{"class":71},[49,18258,68],{"class":67},[49,18260,13028],{"class":63},[49,18262,13031],{"class":112},[49,18264,126],{"class":63},[49,18266,2659],{"class":80},[49,18268,335],{"class":63},[49,18270,18271,18273,18275,18277],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,18272,123],{"class":122},[49,18274,126],{"class":63},[49,18276,18250],{"class":112},[49,18278,335],{"class":63},[20,18280,573],{},[40,18282,18284],{"className":42,"code":18283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18285,18286],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18287,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18289,8949],{"class":63},[49,18291,397],{"class":67},[49,18293,72],{"class":71},[49,18295,397],{"class":67},[49,18297,77],{"class":63},[49,18299,3296],{"class":63},[49,18301,2659],{"class":80},[49,18303,17544],{"class":63},[49,18305,406],{"class":67},[49,18307,90],{"class":71},[49,18309,397],{"class":67},[49,18311,77],{"class":63},[49,18313,3296],{"class":63},[49,18315,2659],{"class":80},[49,18317,13184],{"class":63},[20,18319,18320],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18322,18323],{},"Use this instead:",[40,18325,18327],{"className":42,"code":18326,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18328,18329,18353,18377],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18330,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18332,16723],{"class":55},[49,18334,60],{"class":59},[49,18336,3296],{"class":63},[49,18338,68],{"class":67},[49,18340,72],{"class":71},[49,18342,68],{"class":67},[49,18344,84],{"class":63},[49,18346,87],{"class":67},[49,18348,90],{"class":71},[49,18350,68],{"class":67},[49,18352,3309],{"class":63},[49,18354,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18356,18217],{"class":55},[49,18358,60],{"class":59},[49,18360,64],{"class":63},[49,18362,14320],{"class":55},[49,18364,77],{"class":63},[49,18366,17686],{"class":63},[49,18368,3549],{"class":973},[49,18370,17691],{"class":55},[49,18372,3555],{"class":973},[49,18374,17696],{"class":55},[49,18376,100],{"class":63},[49,18378,18379,18381,18383,18385],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,18380,123],{"class":122},[49,18382,126],{"class":63},[49,18384,18250],{"class":112},[49,18386,335],{"class":63},[591,18388,18390,18391,18393],{"id":18389},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18392,16699],{}," on a list",[20,18395,18396],{},"Wrong idea:",[40,18398,18400],{"className":42,"code":18399,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18401,18402,18434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18403,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18405,16723],{"class":55},[49,18407,60],{"class":59},[49,18409,3296],{"class":63},[49,18411,68],{"class":67},[49,18413,72],{"class":71},[49,18415,68],{"class":67},[49,18417,84],{"class":63},[49,18419,87],{"class":67},[49,18421,90],{"class":71},[49,18423,68],{"class":67},[49,18425,84],{"class":63},[49,18427,87],{"class":67},[49,18429,9406],{"class":71},[49,18431,68],{"class":67},[49,18433,3309],{"class":63},[49,18435,18436],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18437,18438],{"class":134},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18440,18441,18443,18444,18446,18447,109],{},[15,18442,16699],{}," belongs to ",[15,18445,8496],{},", not ",[15,18448,7767],{},[20,18450,18451],{},"Correct usage:",[40,18453,18455],{"className":42,"code":18454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18456,18457,18489,18511],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18458,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18460,16723],{"class":55},[49,18462,60],{"class":59},[49,18464,3296],{"class":63},[49,18466,68],{"class":67},[49,18468,72],{"class":71},[49,18470,68],{"class":67},[49,18472,84],{"class":63},[49,18474,87],{"class":67},[49,18476,90],{"class":71},[49,18478,68],{"class":67},[49,18480,84],{"class":63},[49,18482,87],{"class":67},[49,18484,9406],{"class":71},[49,18486,68],{"class":67},[49,18488,3309],{"class":63},[49,18490,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18492,18217],{"class":55},[49,18494,60],{"class":59},[49,18496,8842],{"class":1428},[49,18498,109],{"class":63},[49,18500,16764],{"class":112},[49,18502,126],{"class":63},[49,18504,16404],{"class":112},[49,18506,84],{"class":63},[49,18508,3506],{"class":80},[49,18510,335],{"class":63},[49,18512,18513,18515,18517,18519],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,18514,123],{"class":122},[49,18516,126],{"class":63},[49,18518,18250],{"class":112},[49,18520,335],{"class":63},[591,18522,1392,18524,18526],{"id":18523},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18525,16699],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18528,18529,18531],{},[15,18530,16704],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[40,18533,18535],{"className":42,"code":18534,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18536,18537,18557,18591,18595,18605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18538,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18540,865],{"class":55},[49,18542,60],{"class":59},[49,18544,64],{"class":63},[49,18546,68],{"class":67},[49,18548,504],{"class":71},[49,18550,68],{"class":67},[49,18552,77],{"class":63},[49,18554,81],{"class":80},[49,18556,100],{"class":63},[49,18558,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18560,12515],{"class":55},[49,18562,60],{"class":59},[49,18564,8842],{"class":1428},[49,18566,109],{"class":63},[49,18568,16764],{"class":112},[49,18570,2656],{"class":63},[49,18572,68],{"class":67},[49,18574,72],{"class":71},[49,18576,68],{"class":67},[49,18578,84],{"class":63},[49,18580,87],{"class":67},[49,18582,90],{"class":71},[49,18584,68],{"class":67},[49,18586,17544],{"class":63},[49,18588,3506],{"class":80},[49,18590,335],{"class":63},[49,18592,18593],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,18594,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,18596,18597,18599,18601,18603],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,18598,123],{"class":122},[49,18600,126],{"class":63},[49,18602,912],{"class":112},[49,18604,335],{"class":63},[49,18606,18607,18609,18611,18614],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,18608,123],{"class":122},[49,18610,126],{"class":63},[49,18612,18613],{"class":112},"new_dict",[49,18615,335],{"class":63},[20,18617,573],{},[40,18619,18621],{"className":42,"code":18620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18622,18623,18639],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18624,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18626,8949],{"class":63},[49,18628,397],{"class":67},[49,18630,504],{"class":71},[49,18632,397],{"class":67},[49,18634,77],{"class":63},[49,18636,81],{"class":80},[49,18638,100],{"class":63},[49,18640,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18642,8949],{"class":63},[49,18644,397],{"class":67},[49,18646,72],{"class":71},[49,18648,397],{"class":67},[49,18650,77],{"class":63},[49,18652,3506],{"class":80},[49,18654,84],{"class":63},[49,18656,406],{"class":67},[49,18658,90],{"class":71},[49,18660,397],{"class":67},[49,18662,77],{"class":63},[49,18664,3506],{"class":80},[49,18666,100],{"class":63},[20,18668,18669,18670,109],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[72,18671,1567,18672,1571],{"href":13511},[15,18673,14433],{},[591,18675,18677,18678],{"id":18676},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18679,169],{},[40,18681,18683],{"className":42,"code":18682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18684,18685,18715],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18686,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18688,18217],{"class":55},[49,18690,60],{"class":59},[49,18692,8842],{"class":1428},[49,18694,109],{"class":63},[49,18696,16764],{"class":112},[49,18698,2656],{"class":63},[49,18700,68],{"class":67},[49,18702,504],{"class":71},[49,18704,68],{"class":67},[49,18706,84],{"class":63},[49,18708,87],{"class":67},[49,18710,517],{"class":71},[49,18712,68],{"class":67},[49,18714,3561],{"class":63},[49,18716,18717,18719,18721,18723],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18718,123],{"class":122},[49,18720,126],{"class":63},[49,18722,18250],{"class":112},[49,18724,335],{"class":63},[20,18726,573],{},[40,18728,18730],{"className":42,"code":18729,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18731,18732],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18733,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18735,8949],{"class":63},[49,18737,397],{"class":67},[49,18739,504],{"class":71},[49,18741,397],{"class":67},[49,18743,77],{"class":63},[49,18745,3525],{"class":583},[49,18747,84],{"class":63},[49,18749,406],{"class":67},[49,18751,517],{"class":71},[49,18753,397],{"class":67},[49,18755,77],{"class":63},[49,18757,3525],{"class":583},[49,18759,100],{"class":63},[20,18761,18762,18763,109],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18764,169],{},[35,18766,18768],{"id":18767},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18770,18771,18772,18774],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18773,16699],{}," works.",[40,18776,18778],{"className":42,"code":18777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18779,18780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18781,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18783,123],{"class":122},[49,18785,126],{"class":63},[49,18787,8496],{"class":1428},[49,18789,109],{"class":63},[49,18791,16764],{"class":112},[49,18793,2656],{"class":63},[49,18795,68],{"class":67},[49,18797,72],{"class":71},[49,18799,68],{"class":67},[49,18801,84],{"class":63},[49,18803,87],{"class":67},[49,18805,90],{"class":71},[49,18807,68],{"class":67},[49,18809,17544],{"class":63},[49,18811,3506],{"class":80},[49,18813,1436],{"class":63},[40,18815,18816],{"className":42,"code":18682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,18817,18818,18848],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18819,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18821,18217],{"class":55},[49,18823,60],{"class":59},[49,18825,8842],{"class":1428},[49,18827,109],{"class":63},[49,18829,16764],{"class":112},[49,18831,2656],{"class":63},[49,18833,68],{"class":67},[49,18835,504],{"class":71},[49,18837,68],{"class":67},[49,18839,84],{"class":63},[49,18841,87],{"class":67},[49,18843,517],{"class":71},[49,18845,68],{"class":67},[49,18847,3561],{"class":63},[49,18849,18850,18852,18854,18856],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18851,123],{"class":122},[49,18853,126],{"class":63},[49,18855,18250],{"class":112},[49,18857,335],{"class":63},[40,18859,18860],{"className":42,"code":18210,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,18861,18862,18894,18916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18863,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18865,18217],{"class":55},[49,18867,60],{"class":59},[49,18869,8842],{"class":1428},[49,18871,109],{"class":63},[49,18873,16764],{"class":112},[49,18875,2656],{"class":63},[49,18877,68],{"class":67},[49,18879,72],{"class":71},[49,18881,68],{"class":67},[49,18883,84],{"class":63},[49,18885,87],{"class":67},[49,18887,90],{"class":71},[49,18889,68],{"class":67},[49,18891,17544],{"class":63},[49,18893,17478],{"class":63},[49,18895,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,18897,18250],{"class":55},[49,18899,3573],{"class":63},[49,18901,68],{"class":67},[49,18903,72],{"class":71},[49,18905,68],{"class":67},[49,18907,13028],{"class":63},[49,18909,13031],{"class":112},[49,18911,126],{"class":63},[49,18913,2659],{"class":80},[49,18915,335],{"class":63},[49,18917,18918,18920,18922,18924],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,18919,123],{"class":122},[49,18921,126],{"class":63},[49,18923,18250],{"class":112},[49,18925,335],{"class":63},[40,18927,18929],{"className":42,"code":18928,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18930,18931],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18932,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18934,123],{"class":122},[49,18936,126],{"class":63},[49,18938,1429],{"class":1428},[49,18940,126],{"class":63},[49,18942,8496],{"class":1428},[49,18944,109],{"class":63},[49,18946,16764],{"class":112},[49,18948,2656],{"class":63},[49,18950,2659],{"class":80},[49,18952,84],{"class":63},[49,18954,97],{"class":80},[49,18956,84],{"class":63},[49,18958,2120],{"class":80},[49,18960,17544],{"class":63},[49,18962,87],{"class":67},[49,18964,2142],{"class":71},[49,18966,68],{"class":67},[49,18968,2582],{"class":63},[35,18970,1498],{"id":1497},[591,18972,1502,18974,18976],{"id":18973},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18975,16699],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,18978,18979],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[591,18981,18983],{"id":18982},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,18985,18986,18987,109],{},"Each key gets ",[15,18988,169],{},[591,18990,18992],{"id":18991},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,18994,18995],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[591,18997,18999],{"id":18998},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19001,17634],{},[40,19003,19005],{"className":42,"code":19004,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19006,19007,19039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19008,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19010,16723],{"class":55},[49,19012,60],{"class":59},[49,19014,3296],{"class":63},[49,19016,68],{"class":67},[49,19018,72],{"class":71},[49,19020,68],{"class":67},[49,19022,84],{"class":63},[49,19024,87],{"class":67},[49,19026,90],{"class":71},[49,19028,68],{"class":67},[49,19030,84],{"class":63},[49,19032,87],{"class":67},[49,19034,9406],{"class":71},[49,19036,68],{"class":67},[49,19038,3309],{"class":63},[49,19040,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19042,56],{"class":55},[49,19044,60],{"class":59},[49,19046,64],{"class":63},[49,19048,14320],{"class":55},[49,19050,77],{"class":63},[49,19052,17686],{"class":63},[49,19054,3549],{"class":973},[49,19056,17691],{"class":55},[49,19058,3555],{"class":973},[49,19060,17696],{"class":55},[49,19062,100],{"class":63},[35,19064,1550],{"id":1549},[155,19066,19067,19071,19075,19079,19085],{},[158,19068,19069],{},[72,19070,1562],{"href":12503},[158,19072,19073],{},[72,19074,185],{"href":12500},[158,19076,19077],{},[72,19078,10913],{"href":17385},[158,19080,19081],{},[72,19082,1567,19083,1571],{"href":13511},[15,19084,14433],{},[158,19086,19087],{},[72,19088,1567,19089,1571],{"href":14478},[15,19090,1585],{},[20,19092,1762,19093,19095],{},[15,19094,16704],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1597,19097,19098],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":19100},[19101,19102,19104,19108,19109,19111,19116,19118,19125,19134,19135,19142],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":16804,"depth":103,"text":19103},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16848,"depth":103,"text":16849,"children":19105},[19106,19107],{"id":16875,"depth":119,"text":16876},{"id":16899,"depth":119,"text":16900},{"id":5458,"depth":103,"text":5459},{"id":17060,"depth":103,"text":19110},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17389,"depth":103,"text":17390,"children":19112},[19113,19114,19115],{"id":17419,"depth":119,"text":17420},{"id":17582,"depth":119,"text":17583},{"id":17630,"depth":119,"text":17631},{"id":17794,"depth":103,"text":19117},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17952,"depth":103,"text":19119,"children":19120},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19121,19123,19124],{"id":17963,"depth":119,"text":19122},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18028,"depth":119,"text":18029},{"id":18102,"depth":119,"text":18103},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":19126},[19127,19128,19130,19132],{"id":18206,"depth":119,"text":18207},{"id":18389,"depth":119,"text":19129},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18523,"depth":119,"text":19131},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18676,"depth":119,"text":19133},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18767,"depth":103,"text":18768},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":19136},[19137,19139,19140,19141],{"id":18973,"depth":119,"text":19138},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":18982,"depth":119,"text":18983},{"id":18991,"depth":119,"text":18992},{"id":18998,"depth":119,"text":18999},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16691,"description":19143},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19150,"title":19151,"body":19152,"description":20982,"extension":1632,"meta":20983,"navigation":312,"path":20984,"seo":20985,"stem":20986,"__hash__":20987},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19153,"toc":20949},[19154,19159,19165,19176,19306,19313,19318,19322,19338,19340,19438,19441,19458,19462,19464,19469,19507,19510,19528,19530,19648,19653,19657,19673,19676,19812,19815,19820,19826,19829,19866,19869,19873,19878,19954,19958,19963,20045,20047,20063,20068,20072,20078,20147,20150,20167,20170,20252,20258,20261,20281,20285,20290,20296,20302,20373,20376,20382,20385,20459,20466,20472,20480,20490,20492,20587,20593,20598,20685,20691,20693,20698,20720,20723,20818,20821,20852,20865,20867,20875,20881,20887,20890,20896,20901,20908,20913,20915,20946],[10,19155,13,19157,18],{"id":19156},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19158,10403],{},[20,19160,19161,19162,19164],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19163,10403],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19166,19167,19168,1858,19171,480,19173,19175],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19169,19170],{},"KeyError",[15,19172,10403],{},[15,19174,169],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[40,19177,19179],{"className":42,"code":19178,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19180,19181,19217,19221,19247,19272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19182,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19184,12682],{"class":55},[49,19186,60],{"class":59},[49,19188,64],{"class":63},[49,19190,68],{"class":67},[49,19192,251],{"class":71},[49,19194,68],{"class":67},[49,19196,77],{"class":63},[49,19198,87],{"class":67},[49,19200,12357],{"class":71},[49,19202,68],{"class":67},[49,19204,84],{"class":63},[49,19206,87],{"class":67},[49,19208,272],{"class":71},[49,19210,68],{"class":67},[49,19212,77],{"class":63},[49,19214,279],{"class":80},[49,19216,100],{"class":63},[49,19218,19219],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19220,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,19222,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,19224,123],{"class":122},[49,19226,126],{"class":63},[49,19228,16788],{"class":112},[49,19230,109],{"class":63},[49,19232,19233],{"class":112},"get",[49,19235,126],{"class":63},[49,19237,68],{"class":67},[49,19239,251],{"class":71},[49,19241,68],{"class":67},[49,19243,5034],{"class":63},[49,19245,19246],{"class":134},"           # Ana\n",[49,19248,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,19250,123],{"class":122},[49,19252,126],{"class":63},[49,19254,16788],{"class":112},[49,19256,109],{"class":63},[49,19258,19233],{"class":112},[49,19260,126],{"class":63},[49,19262,68],{"class":67},[49,19264,289],{"class":71},[49,19266,68],{"class":67},[49,19268,5034],{"class":63},[49,19270,19271],{"class":134},"           # None\n",[49,19273,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19299,19301,19303],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,19275,123],{"class":122},[49,19277,126],{"class":63},[49,19279,16788],{"class":112},[49,19281,109],{"class":63},[49,19283,19233],{"class":112},[49,19285,126],{"class":63},[49,19287,68],{"class":67},[49,19289,289],{"class":71},[49,19291,68],{"class":67},[49,19293,84],{"class":63},[49,19295,87],{"class":67},[49,19297,19298],{"class":71},"N\u002FA",[49,19300,68],{"class":67},[49,19302,5034],{"class":63},[49,19304,19305],{"class":134},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19307,1762,19308,19310,19311,109],{},[15,19309,10403],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19312,19170],{},[35,19314,144,19316,147],{"id":19315},"what-get-does",[15,19317,10403],{},[20,19319,150,19320,153],{},[15,19321,10403],{},[155,19323,19324,19327,19332,19335],{},[158,19325,19326],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[158,19328,166,19329,19331],{},[15,19330,169],{}," if the key does not exist",[158,19333,19334],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[158,19336,19337],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19339,1244],{},[40,19341,19343],{"className":42,"code":19342,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19344,19345,19384,19388,19413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19346,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19366,19368,19370,19372,19375,19377,19379,19382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19348,12340],{"class":55},[49,19350,60],{"class":59},[49,19352,64],{"class":63},[49,19354,68],{"class":67},[49,19356,251],{"class":71},[49,19358,68],{"class":67},[49,19360,77],{"class":63},[49,19362,87],{"class":67},[49,19364,19365],{"class":71},"Lina",[49,19367,68],{"class":67},[49,19369,84],{"class":63},[49,19371,87],{"class":67},[49,19373,19374],{"class":71},"grade",[49,19376,68],{"class":67},[49,19378,77],{"class":63},[49,19380,19381],{"class":80}," 90",[49,19383,100],{"class":63},[49,19385,19386],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19387,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,19389,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,19391,123],{"class":122},[49,19393,126],{"class":63},[49,19395,13104],{"class":112},[49,19397,109],{"class":63},[49,19399,19233],{"class":112},[49,19401,126],{"class":63},[49,19403,68],{"class":67},[49,19405,251],{"class":71},[49,19407,68],{"class":67},[49,19409,5034],{"class":63},[49,19411,19412],{"class":134},"     # Lina\n",[49,19414,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,19416,123],{"class":122},[49,19418,126],{"class":63},[49,19420,13104],{"class":112},[49,19422,109],{"class":63},[49,19424,19233],{"class":112},[49,19426,126],{"class":63},[49,19428,68],{"class":67},[49,19430,14738],{"class":71},[49,19432,68],{"class":67},[49,19434,5034],{"class":63},[49,19436,19437],{"class":134},"    # None\n",[20,19439,19440],{},"In this example:",[155,19442,19443,19448],{},[158,19444,19445,19447],{},[15,19446,14719],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[158,19449,19450,19453,19454,480,19456],{},[15,19451,19452],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19455,10403],{},[15,19457,169],{},[20,19459,12497,19460,109],{},[72,19461,185],{"href":184},[35,19463,189],{"id":188},[20,19465,19466,19467,77],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19468,10403],{},[40,19470,19472],{"className":42,"code":19471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19473,19474,19488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19475,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19477,15084],{"class":55},[49,19479,109],{"class":63},[49,19481,19233],{"class":112},[49,19483,126],{"class":63},[49,19485,14320],{"class":112},[49,19487,335],{"class":63},[49,19489,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19505],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19491,15084],{"class":55},[49,19493,109],{"class":63},[49,19495,19233],{"class":112},[49,19497,126],{"class":63},[49,19499,14320],{"class":112},[49,19501,84],{"class":63},[49,19503,19504],{"class":112}," default_value",[49,19506,335],{"class":63},[20,19508,19509],{},"What each part means:",[155,19511,19512,19517,19523],{},[158,19513,19514,19516],{},[15,19515,14320],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[158,19518,19519,19522],{},[15,19520,19521],{},"default_value"," is optional",[158,19524,19525,19526],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19527,169],{},[20,19529,1244],{},[40,19531,19533],{"className":42,"code":19532,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19534,19535,19559,19563,19588,19614],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19536,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19538,13304],{"class":55},[49,19540,60],{"class":59},[49,19542,64],{"class":63},[49,19544,68],{"class":67},[49,19546,1281],{"class":71},[49,19548,68],{"class":67},[49,19550,77],{"class":63},[49,19552,87],{"class":67},[49,19554,1290],{"class":71},[49,19556,68],{"class":67},[49,19558,100],{"class":63},[49,19560,19561],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19562,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,19564,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,19566,123],{"class":122},[49,19568,126],{"class":63},[49,19570,13363],{"class":112},[49,19572,109],{"class":63},[49,19574,19233],{"class":112},[49,19576,126],{"class":63},[49,19578,68],{"class":67},[49,19580,1281],{"class":71},[49,19582,68],{"class":67},[49,19584,5034],{"class":63},[49,19586,19587],{"class":134},"            # dark\n",[49,19589,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19607,19609,19611],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,19591,123],{"class":122},[49,19593,126],{"class":63},[49,19595,13363],{"class":112},[49,19597,109],{"class":63},[49,19599,19233],{"class":112},[49,19601,126],{"class":63},[49,19603,68],{"class":67},[49,19605,19606],{"class":71},"language",[49,19608,68],{"class":67},[49,19610,5034],{"class":63},[49,19612,19613],{"class":134},"         # None\n",[49,19615,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19641,19643,19645],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,19617,123],{"class":122},[49,19619,126],{"class":63},[49,19621,13363],{"class":112},[49,19623,109],{"class":63},[49,19625,19233],{"class":112},[49,19627,126],{"class":63},[49,19629,68],{"class":67},[49,19631,19606],{"class":71},[49,19633,68],{"class":67},[49,19635,84],{"class":63},[49,19637,87],{"class":67},[49,19639,19640],{"class":71},"en",[49,19642,68],{"class":67},[49,19644,5034],{"class":63},[49,19646,19647],{"class":134},"   # en\n",[35,19649,1223,19651],{"id":19650},"when-to-use-get",[15,19652,10403],{},[20,19654,1762,19655,10265],{},[15,19656,10403],{},[155,19658,19659,19662,19667,19670],{},[158,19660,19661],{},"A key might not exist",[158,19663,19664,19665],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19666,19170],{},[158,19668,19669],{},"You are reading optional data",[158,19671,19672],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19674,19675],{},"Example with optional user data:",[40,19677,19679],{"className":42,"code":19678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19680,19681,19723,19727,19752,19778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19682,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19719,19721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19684,238],{"class":55},[49,19686,60],{"class":59},[49,19688,64],{"class":63},[49,19690,68],{"class":67},[49,19692,7658],{"class":71},[49,19694,68],{"class":67},[49,19696,77],{"class":63},[49,19698,87],{"class":67},[49,19700,19701],{"class":71},"sam",[49,19703,68],{"class":67},[49,19705,84],{"class":63},[49,19707,87],{"class":67},[49,19709,14738],{"class":71},[49,19711,68],{"class":67},[49,19713,77],{"class":63},[49,19715,87],{"class":67},[49,19717,19718],{"class":71},"sam@example.com",[49,19720,68],{"class":67},[49,19722,100],{"class":63},[49,19724,19725],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19726,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,19728,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,19730,123],{"class":122},[49,19732,126],{"class":63},[49,19734,346],{"class":112},[49,19736,109],{"class":63},[49,19738,19233],{"class":112},[49,19740,126],{"class":63},[49,19742,68],{"class":67},[49,19744,7658],{"class":71},[49,19746,68],{"class":67},[49,19748,5034],{"class":63},[49,19750,19751],{"class":134},"              # sam\n",[49,19753,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19771,19773,19775],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,19755,123],{"class":122},[49,19757,126],{"class":63},[49,19759,346],{"class":112},[49,19761,109],{"class":63},[49,19763,19233],{"class":112},[49,19765,126],{"class":63},[49,19767,68],{"class":67},[49,19769,19770],{"class":71},"phone",[49,19772,68],{"class":67},[49,19774,5034],{"class":63},[49,19776,19777],{"class":134},"                 # None\n",[49,19779,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19805,19807,19809],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,19781,123],{"class":122},[49,19783,126],{"class":63},[49,19785,346],{"class":112},[49,19787,109],{"class":63},[49,19789,19233],{"class":112},[49,19791,126],{"class":63},[49,19793,68],{"class":67},[49,19795,19770],{"class":71},[49,19797,68],{"class":67},[49,19799,84],{"class":63},[49,19801,87],{"class":67},[49,19803,19804],{"class":71},"Not provided",[49,19806,68],{"class":67},[49,19808,5034],{"class":63},[49,19810,19811],{"class":134}," # Not provided\n",[20,19813,19814],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19816,19817,19818,109],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[72,19819,16078],{"href":16077},[35,19821,19823,19825],{"id":19822},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19824,10403],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19827,19828],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[40,19830,19832],{"className":42,"code":19831,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19833,19834,19848],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19835,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19837,106],{"class":55},[49,19839,3573],{"class":63},[49,19841,68],{"class":67},[49,19843,14320],{"class":71},[49,19845,68],{"class":67},[49,19847,3309],{"class":63},[49,19849,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19851,106],{"class":55},[49,19853,109],{"class":63},[49,19855,19233],{"class":112},[49,19857,126],{"class":63},[49,19859,68],{"class":67},[49,19861,14320],{"class":71},[49,19863,68],{"class":67},[49,19865,335],{"class":63},[20,19867,19868],{},"The difference is important.",[591,19870,19872],{"id":19871},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19874,19875,19876,109],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19877,19170],{},[40,19879,19881],{"className":42,"code":19880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19882,19883,19907,19911,19933],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19884,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19886,56],{"class":55},[49,19888,60],{"class":59},[49,19890,64],{"class":63},[49,19892,68],{"class":67},[49,19894,251],{"class":71},[49,19896,68],{"class":67},[49,19898,77],{"class":63},[49,19900,87],{"class":67},[49,19902,12357],{"class":71},[49,19904,68],{"class":67},[49,19906,100],{"class":63},[49,19908,19909],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19910,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,19912,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19930],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,19914,123],{"class":122},[49,19916,126],{"class":63},[49,19918,106],{"class":112},[49,19920,3573],{"class":63},[49,19922,68],{"class":67},[49,19924,251],{"class":71},[49,19926,68],{"class":67},[49,19928,19929],{"class":63},"])",[49,19931,19932],{"class":134},"   # Ana\n",[49,19934,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,19936,123],{"class":122},[49,19938,126],{"class":63},[49,19940,106],{"class":112},[49,19942,3573],{"class":63},[49,19944,68],{"class":67},[49,19946,289],{"class":71},[49,19948,68],{"class":67},[49,19950,19929],{"class":63},[49,19952,19953],{"class":134},"   # KeyError\n",[591,19955,19956],{"id":19233},[15,19957,10403],{},[20,19959,19960,19962],{},[15,19961,10403],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[40,19964,19966],{"className":42,"code":19965,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,19967,19968,19992,19996,20020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19969,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19971,56],{"class":55},[49,19973,60],{"class":59},[49,19975,64],{"class":63},[49,19977,68],{"class":67},[49,19979,251],{"class":71},[49,19981,68],{"class":67},[49,19983,77],{"class":63},[49,19985,87],{"class":67},[49,19987,12357],{"class":71},[49,19989,68],{"class":67},[49,19991,100],{"class":63},[49,19993,19994],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,19995,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,19997,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,19999,123],{"class":122},[49,20001,126],{"class":63},[49,20003,106],{"class":112},[49,20005,109],{"class":63},[49,20007,19233],{"class":112},[49,20009,126],{"class":63},[49,20011,68],{"class":67},[49,20013,251],{"class":71},[49,20015,68],{"class":67},[49,20017,5034],{"class":63},[49,20019,19932],{"class":134},[49,20021,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,20023,123],{"class":122},[49,20025,126],{"class":63},[49,20027,106],{"class":112},[49,20029,109],{"class":63},[49,20031,19233],{"class":112},[49,20033,126],{"class":63},[49,20035,68],{"class":67},[49,20037,289],{"class":71},[49,20039,68],{"class":67},[49,20041,5034],{"class":63},[49,20043,20044],{"class":134},"   # None\n",[20,20046,18177],{},[155,20048,20049,20055],{},[158,20050,20051,20052],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[30,20053,20054],{},"must exist",[158,20056,20057,20059,20060],{},[15,20058,10403],{}," when the key is ",[30,20061,20062],{},"optional",[20,20064,20065,20066,109],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[72,20067,10924],{"href":10736},[35,20069,20071],{"id":20070},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20073,20074,20075,20077],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20076,10403],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[40,20079,20081],{"className":42,"code":20080,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20082,20083,20108,20112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20084,20085,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20086,20087],{"class":55},"profile ",[49,20089,60],{"class":59},[49,20091,64],{"class":63},[49,20093,68],{"class":67},[49,20095,251],{"class":71},[49,20097,68],{"class":67},[49,20099,77],{"class":63},[49,20101,87],{"class":67},[49,20103,7594],{"class":71},[49,20105,68],{"class":67},[49,20107,100],{"class":63},[49,20109,20110],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,20111,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,20113,20114,20116,20118,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20140,20142,20144],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,20115,123],{"class":122},[49,20117,126],{"class":63},[49,20119,20120],{"class":112},"profile",[49,20122,109],{"class":63},[49,20124,19233],{"class":112},[49,20126,126],{"class":63},[49,20128,68],{"class":67},[49,20130,14741],{"class":71},[49,20132,68],{"class":67},[49,20134,84],{"class":63},[49,20136,87],{"class":67},[49,20138,20139],{"class":71},"Unknown",[49,20141,68],{"class":67},[49,20143,5034],{"class":63},[49,20145,20146],{"class":134},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20148,20149],{},"This is useful for display text:",[155,20151,20152,20157,20162],{},[158,20153,20154],{},[15,20155,20156],{},"\"Unknown\"",[158,20158,20159],{},[15,20160,20161],{},"\"Not set\"",[158,20163,20164],{},[15,20165,20166],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20168,20169],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[40,20171,20173],{"className":42,"code":20172,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20174,20175,20207,20211,20238],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20176,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20178,4737],{"class":55},[49,20180,60],{"class":59},[49,20182,64],{"class":63},[49,20184,68],{"class":67},[49,20186,17899],{"class":71},[49,20188,68],{"class":67},[49,20190,77],{"class":63},[49,20192,5677],{"class":80},[49,20194,84],{"class":63},[49,20196,87],{"class":67},[49,20198,17908],{"class":71},[49,20200,68],{"class":67},[49,20202,77],{"class":63},[49,20204,6033],{"class":80},[49,20206,100],{"class":63},[49,20208,20209],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,20210,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,20212,20213,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,20214,20215],{"class":55},"total_history ",[49,20217,60],{"class":59},[49,20219,4784],{"class":55},[49,20221,109],{"class":63},[49,20223,19233],{"class":112},[49,20225,126],{"class":63},[49,20227,68],{"class":67},[49,20229,17917],{"class":71},[49,20231,68],{"class":67},[49,20233,84],{"class":63},[49,20235,3506],{"class":80},[49,20237,335],{"class":63},[49,20239,20240,20242,20244,20247,20249],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,20241,123],{"class":122},[49,20243,126],{"class":63},[49,20245,20246],{"class":112},"total_history",[49,20248,131],{"class":63},[49,20250,20251],{"class":134},"   # 0\n",[20,20253,20254,20255,20257],{},"Here, ",[15,20256,1790],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20259,20260],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[155,20262,20263,20266,20271,20276],{},[158,20264,20265],{},"Use a string for text",[158,20267,1762,20268,20270],{},[15,20269,1790],{}," for numbers",[158,20272,1762,20273,20275],{},[15,20274,3460],{}," for lists if needed",[158,20277,1762,20278,20280],{},[15,20279,175],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[35,20282,20284],{"id":20283},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20286,20287,20288,109],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20289,10403],{},[591,20291,20293,20295],{"id":20292},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20294,10403],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20297,20298,20299,20301],{},"This code does ",[30,20300,600],{}," create a new key:",[40,20303,20305],{"className":42,"code":20304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20306,20307,20331,20335,20360],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20308,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20310,12682],{"class":55},[49,20312,60],{"class":59},[49,20314,64],{"class":63},[49,20316,68],{"class":67},[49,20318,251],{"class":71},[49,20320,68],{"class":67},[49,20322,77],{"class":63},[49,20324,87],{"class":67},[49,20326,12357],{"class":71},[49,20328,68],{"class":67},[49,20330,100],{"class":63},[49,20332,20333],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,20334,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,20336,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,20338,123],{"class":122},[49,20340,126],{"class":63},[49,20342,16788],{"class":112},[49,20344,109],{"class":63},[49,20346,19233],{"class":112},[49,20348,126],{"class":63},[49,20350,68],{"class":67},[49,20352,289],{"class":71},[49,20354,68],{"class":67},[49,20356,5034],{"class":63},[49,20358,20359],{"class":134},"  # None\n",[49,20361,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,20363,123],{"class":122},[49,20365,126],{"class":63},[49,20367,16788],{"class":112},[49,20369,131],{"class":63},[49,20371,20372],{"class":134},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20374,20375],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[591,20377,20379,20381],{"id":20378},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20380,10403],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20383,20384],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[40,20386,20388],{"className":42,"code":20387,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20389,20390,20416,20420,20446],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20391,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20403,20405,20407,20409,20412,20414],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20393,13304],{"class":55},[49,20395,60],{"class":59},[49,20397,64],{"class":63},[49,20399,68],{"class":67},[49,20401,20402],{"class":71},"mode",[49,20404,68],{"class":67},[49,20406,77],{"class":63},[49,20408,87],{"class":67},[49,20410,20411],{"class":71},"light",[49,20413,68],{"class":67},[49,20415,100],{"class":63},[49,20417,20418],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,20419,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,20421,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,20423,13363],{"class":55},[49,20425,109],{"class":63},[49,20427,19233],{"class":112},[49,20429,126],{"class":63},[49,20431,68],{"class":67},[49,20433,1281],{"class":71},[49,20435,68],{"class":67},[49,20437,84],{"class":63},[49,20439,87],{"class":67},[49,20441,1290],{"class":71},[49,20443,68],{"class":67},[49,20445,335],{"class":63},[49,20447,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,20449,123],{"class":122},[49,20451,126],{"class":63},[49,20453,13363],{"class":112},[49,20455,131],{"class":63},[49,20457,20458],{"class":134},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20460,20461,20462,20465],{},"Even though ",[15,20463,20464],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[591,20467,20469,20470],{"id":20468},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20471,169],{},[20,20473,20474,20475,480,20477,20479],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20476,10403],{},[15,20478,169],{}," because:",[155,20481,20482,20485],{},[158,20483,20484],{},"The key is missing, or",[158,20486,20487,20488],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20489,169],{},[20,20491,1244],{},[40,20493,20495],{"className":42,"code":20494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20496,20497,20534,20538,20562],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20498,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507,20509,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20526,20528,20530,20532],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20500,56],{"class":55},[49,20502,60],{"class":59},[49,20504,64],{"class":63},[49,20506,68],{"class":67},[49,20508,251],{"class":71},[49,20510,68],{"class":67},[49,20512,77],{"class":63},[49,20514,87],{"class":67},[49,20516,12357],{"class":71},[49,20518,68],{"class":67},[49,20520,84],{"class":63},[49,20522,87],{"class":67},[49,20524,20525],{"class":71},"nickname",[49,20527,68],{"class":67},[49,20529,77],{"class":63},[49,20531,3525],{"class":583},[49,20533,100],{"class":63},[49,20535,20536],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,20537,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,20539,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,20541,123],{"class":122},[49,20543,126],{"class":63},[49,20545,106],{"class":112},[49,20547,109],{"class":63},[49,20549,19233],{"class":112},[49,20551,126],{"class":63},[49,20553,68],{"class":67},[49,20555,20525],{"class":71},[49,20557,68],{"class":67},[49,20559,5034],{"class":63},[49,20561,20359],{"class":134},[49,20563,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,20565,123],{"class":122},[49,20567,126],{"class":63},[49,20569,106],{"class":112},[49,20571,109],{"class":63},[49,20573,19233],{"class":112},[49,20575,126],{"class":63},[49,20577,68],{"class":67},[49,20579,289],{"class":71},[49,20581,68],{"class":67},[49,20583,5034],{"class":63},[49,20585,20586],{"class":134},"      # None\n",[20,20588,20589,20590,20592],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20591,169],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20594,20595,20596,77],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20597,3555],{},[40,20599,20601],{"className":42,"code":20600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20602,20603,20639,20643,20664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20604,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20606,56],{"class":55},[49,20608,60],{"class":59},[49,20610,64],{"class":63},[49,20612,68],{"class":67},[49,20614,251],{"class":71},[49,20616,68],{"class":67},[49,20618,77],{"class":63},[49,20620,87],{"class":67},[49,20622,12357],{"class":71},[49,20624,68],{"class":67},[49,20626,84],{"class":63},[49,20628,87],{"class":67},[49,20630,20525],{"class":71},[49,20632,68],{"class":67},[49,20634,77],{"class":63},[49,20636,3525],{"class":583},[49,20638,100],{"class":63},[49,20640,20641],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,20642,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,20644,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20658,20660,20662],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,20646,123],{"class":122},[49,20648,126],{"class":63},[49,20650,68],{"class":67},[49,20652,20525],{"class":71},[49,20654,68],{"class":67},[49,20656,20657],{"class":973}," in",[49,20659,14045],{"class":112},[49,20661,131],{"class":63},[49,20663,3338],{"class":134},[49,20665,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,20667,123],{"class":122},[49,20669,126],{"class":63},[49,20671,68],{"class":67},[49,20673,289],{"class":71},[49,20675,68],{"class":67},[49,20677,20657],{"class":973},[49,20679,14045],{"class":112},[49,20681,131],{"class":63},[49,20683,20684],{"class":134},"      # False\n",[20,20686,20687,20688,109],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[72,20689,20690],{"href":16634},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[35,20692,1376],{"id":1375},[20,20694,20695,20696,77],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20697,10403],{},[155,20699,20700,20705,20712,20717],{},[158,20701,20702,20703],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20704,19170],{},[158,20706,4378,20707,480,20709,20711],{},[15,20708,10403],{},[15,20710,169],{}," if no default is provided",[158,20713,4253,20714,20716],{},[15,20715,10403],{}," creates a key automatically",[158,20718,20719],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20721,20722],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[40,20724,20726],{"className":42,"code":20725,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20727,20728,20738,20752,20770,20792],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20729,20730,20732,20734,20736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20731,123],{"class":122},[49,20733,126],{"class":63},[49,20735,199],{"class":112},[49,20737,335],{"class":63},[49,20739,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,20741,123],{"class":122},[49,20743,126],{"class":63},[49,20745,199],{"class":112},[49,20747,109],{"class":63},[49,20749,16404],{"class":112},[49,20751,6865],{"class":63},[49,20753,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,20755,123],{"class":122},[49,20757,126],{"class":63},[49,20759,397],{"class":67},[49,20761,251],{"class":71},[49,20763,397],{"class":67},[49,20765,20657],{"class":973},[49,20767,539],{"class":112},[49,20769,335],{"class":63},[49,20771,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,20773,123],{"class":122},[49,20775,126],{"class":63},[49,20777,199],{"class":112},[49,20779,109],{"class":63},[49,20781,19233],{"class":112},[49,20783,126],{"class":63},[49,20785,397],{"class":67},[49,20787,251],{"class":71},[49,20789,397],{"class":67},[49,20791,1436],{"class":63},[49,20793,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,20795,123],{"class":122},[49,20797,126],{"class":63},[49,20799,1429],{"class":1428},[49,20801,126],{"class":63},[49,20803,199],{"class":112},[49,20805,109],{"class":63},[49,20807,19233],{"class":112},[49,20809,126],{"class":63},[49,20811,397],{"class":67},[49,20813,251],{"class":71},[49,20815,397],{"class":67},[49,20817,2582],{"class":63},[20,20819,20820],{},"What these checks tell you:",[155,20822,20823,20828,20834,20840,20846],{},[158,20824,20825,20827],{},[15,20826,1475],{}," shows the full dictionary",[158,20829,20830,20833],{},[15,20831,20832],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[158,20835,20836,20839],{},[15,20837,20838],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[158,20841,20842,20845],{},[15,20843,20844],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[158,20847,20848,20851],{},[15,20849,20850],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20853,20854,20855,1017,20860,20864],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[72,20856,20857,20858,1571],{"href":16543},"the dictionary ",[15,20859,16546],{},[72,20861,20857,20862,1571],{"href":16556},[15,20863,16559],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[35,20866,1498],{"id":1497},[591,20868,1502,20870,20872,20873,1529],{"id":20869},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20871,10403],{}," raise ",[15,20874,19170],{},[20,20876,20877,20878,20880],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20879,169],{}," or the default value you provide.",[591,20882,1502,20884,20886],{"id":20883},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20885,10403],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20888,20889],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[591,20891,20893,20894,1529],{"id":20892},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20895,10403],{},[20,20897,20898,20900],{},[15,20899,169],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[591,20902,20904,20905,20907],{"id":20903},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,20906,10403],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20909,1762,20910,20912],{},[15,20911,10403],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[35,20914,1550],{"id":1549},[155,20916,20917,20921,20927,20933,20937,20942],{},[158,20918,20919],{},[72,20920,185],{"href":184},[158,20922,20923],{},[72,20924,1567,20925,1571],{"href":16543},[15,20926,16546],{},[158,20928,20929],{},[72,20930,1567,20931,1571],{"href":16556},[15,20932,16559],{},[158,20934,20935],{},[72,20936,16635],{"href":16634},[158,20938,20939],{},[72,20940,20941],{"href":16077},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[158,20943,20944],{},[72,20945,10924],{"href":10736},[1597,20947,20948],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[20959,20960],{"id":19871,"depth":119,"text":19872},{"id":19233,"depth":119,"text":10403},{"id":20070,"depth":103,"text":20071},{"id":20283,"depth":103,"text":20284,"children":20963},[20964,20966,20968],{"id":20292,"depth":119,"text":20965},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20378,"depth":119,"text":20967},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20468,"depth":119,"text":20969},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":20972},[20973,20975,20977,20979],{"id":20869,"depth":119,"text":20974},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20883,"depth":119,"text":20976},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20892,"depth":119,"text":20978},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20903,"depth":119,"text":20980},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19151,"description":20982},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":20989,"title":20990,"body":20991,"description":23548,"extension":1632,"meta":23549,"navigation":312,"path":23550,"seo":23551,"stem":23552,"__hash__":23553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":20992,"toc":23514},[20993,20998,21004,21010,21012,21094,21098,21115,21120,21125,21130,21132,21146,21148,21211,21215,21255,21263,21265,21267,21282,21285,21298,21300,21379,21383,21449,21451,21455,21463,21465,21476,21478,21588,21592,21671,21677,21683,21688,21801,21805,21837,21840,21947,21953,21960,21964,21967,22070,22074,22135,22138,22141,22152,22161,22164,22181,22183,22282,22286,22361,22364,22387,22392,22397,22414,22416,22537,22541,22575,22577,22582,22589,22599,22601,22679,22682,22753,22763,22766,22798,22801,22840,22846,22853,22856,22947,22951,23032,23038,23041,23044,23149,23152,23155,23277,23281,23284,23351,23355,23392,23398,23400,23406,23411,23417,23424,23430,23433,23472,23478,23481,23483,23511],[10,20994,13,20996,18],{"id":20995},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,20997,16559],{},[20,20999,150,21000,21003],{},[15,21001,21002],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21005,21006,21007,21009],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21008,16559],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[35,21011,38],{"id":37},[40,21013,21015],{"className":42,"code":21014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21016,21017,21053,21057,21080],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21018,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21020,12682],{"class":55},[49,21022,60],{"class":59},[49,21024,64],{"class":63},[49,21026,68],{"class":67},[49,21028,251],{"class":71},[49,21030,68],{"class":67},[49,21032,77],{"class":63},[49,21034,87],{"class":67},[49,21036,12357],{"class":71},[49,21038,68],{"class":67},[49,21040,84],{"class":63},[49,21042,87],{"class":67},[49,21044,272],{"class":71},[49,21046,68],{"class":67},[49,21048,77],{"class":63},[49,21050,279],{"class":80},[49,21052,100],{"class":63},[49,21054,21055],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21056,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21058,21059,21061,21064,21066,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,21060,5630],{"class":973},[49,21062,21063],{"class":55}," key",[49,21065,84],{"class":63},[49,21067,21068],{"class":55}," value ",[49,21070,3555],{"class":973},[49,21072,12725],{"class":55},[49,21074,109],{"class":63},[49,21076,7482],{"class":112},[49,21078,21079],{"class":63},"():\n",[49,21081,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,21083,7742],{"class":122},[49,21085,126],{"class":63},[49,21087,14320],{"class":112},[49,21089,84],{"class":63},[49,21091,8108],{"class":112},[49,21093,335],{"class":63},[20,21095,21096],{},[30,21097,573],{},[40,21099,21101],{"className":42,"code":21100,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21102,21103,21108],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21104,21105],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21106,21107],{"class":55},"name Ana\n",[49,21109,21110,21113],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21111,21112],{"class":55},"age ",[49,21114,2379],{"class":80},[20,21116,1762,21117,21119],{},[15,21118,16559],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[35,21121,144,21123,147],{"id":21122},"what-items-does",[15,21124,16559],{},[20,21126,21127,21129],{},[15,21128,16559],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21131,208],{},[155,21133,21134,21140,21143],{},[158,21135,21136,21137],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21138,21139],{},"(key, value)",[158,21141,21142],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[158,21144,21145],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21147,1244],{},[40,21149,21151],{"className":42,"code":21150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21152,21153,21189,21193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21154,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21156,12682],{"class":55},[49,21158,60],{"class":59},[49,21160,64],{"class":63},[49,21162,68],{"class":67},[49,21164,251],{"class":71},[49,21166,68],{"class":67},[49,21168,77],{"class":63},[49,21170,87],{"class":67},[49,21172,12357],{"class":71},[49,21174,68],{"class":67},[49,21176,84],{"class":63},[49,21178,87],{"class":67},[49,21180,272],{"class":71},[49,21182,68],{"class":67},[49,21184,77],{"class":63},[49,21186,279],{"class":80},[49,21188,100],{"class":63},[49,21190,21191],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21192,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21194,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,21196,123],{"class":122},[49,21198,126],{"class":63},[49,21200,7767],{"class":1428},[49,21202,126],{"class":63},[49,21204,16788],{"class":112},[49,21206,109],{"class":63},[49,21208,7482],{"class":112},[49,21210,5963],{"class":63},[20,21212,21213],{},[30,21214,573],{},[40,21216,21218],{"className":42,"code":21217,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21219,21220],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21221,21222,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21223,21224],{"class":63},"[(",[49,21226,397],{"class":67},[49,21228,251],{"class":71},[49,21230,397],{"class":67},[49,21232,84],{"class":63},[49,21234,406],{"class":67},[49,21236,12357],{"class":71},[49,21238,397],{"class":67},[49,21240,8904],{"class":63},[49,21242,8907],{"class":63},[49,21244,397],{"class":67},[49,21246,272],{"class":71},[49,21248,397],{"class":67},[49,21250,84],{"class":63},[49,21252,279],{"class":80},[49,21254,8920],{"class":63},[20,21256,21257,21258,2548,21260,109],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[72,21259,185],{"href":12500},[72,21261,14504],{"href":21262},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[35,21264,189],{"id":188},[20,21266,5107],{},[40,21268,21270],{"className":42,"code":21269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21271,21272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21273,21274,21276,21278,21280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21275,199],{"class":55},[49,21277,109],{"class":63},[49,21279,7482],{"class":112},[49,21281,116],{"class":63},[20,21283,21284],{},"Things to remember:",[155,21286,21287,21292,21295],{},[158,21288,21289,21291],{},[15,21290,16559],{}," does not take any arguments",[158,21293,21294],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[158,21296,21297],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21299,1244],{},[40,21301,21303],{"className":42,"code":21302,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21304,21305,21337,21341,21355,21359,21369],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21306,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21308,4737],{"class":55},[49,21310,60],{"class":59},[49,21312,64],{"class":63},[49,21314,68],{"class":67},[49,21316,4677],{"class":71},[49,21318,68],{"class":67},[49,21320,77],{"class":63},[49,21322,19381],{"class":80},[49,21324,84],{"class":63},[49,21326,87],{"class":67},[49,21328,4686],{"class":71},[49,21330,68],{"class":67},[49,21332,77],{"class":63},[49,21334,12985],{"class":80},[49,21336,100],{"class":63},[49,21338,21339],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21340,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21342,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,21344,534],{"class":55},[49,21346,60],{"class":59},[49,21348,4784],{"class":55},[49,21350,109],{"class":63},[49,21352,7482],{"class":112},[49,21354,116],{"class":63},[49,21356,21357],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,21358,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21360,21361,21363,21365,21367],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,21362,123],{"class":122},[49,21364,126],{"class":63},[49,21366,558],{"class":112},[49,21368,335],{"class":63},[49,21370,21371,21373,21375,21377],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,21372,123],{"class":122},[49,21374,126],{"class":63},[49,21376,15869],{"class":112},[49,21378,335],{"class":63},[20,21380,21381],{},[30,21382,573],{},[40,21384,21386],{"className":42,"code":21385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21387,21388,21421],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21389,21390,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21391,21392],{"class":112},"dict_items",[49,21394,9324],{"class":63},[49,21396,397],{"class":67},[49,21398,4677],{"class":71},[49,21400,397],{"class":67},[49,21402,84],{"class":63},[49,21404,19381],{"class":80},[49,21406,8904],{"class":63},[49,21408,8907],{"class":63},[49,21410,397],{"class":67},[49,21412,4686],{"class":71},[49,21414,397],{"class":67},[49,21416,84],{"class":63},[49,21418,12985],{"class":80},[49,21420,10343],{"class":63},[49,21422,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445,21447],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21424,8949],{"class":63},[49,21426,397],{"class":67},[49,21428,4677],{"class":71},[49,21430,397],{"class":67},[49,21432,77],{"class":63},[49,21434,19381],{"class":80},[49,21436,84],{"class":63},[49,21438,406],{"class":67},[49,21440,4686],{"class":71},[49,21442,397],{"class":67},[49,21444,77],{"class":63},[49,21446,12985],{"class":80},[49,21448,100],{"class":63},[20,21450,20375],{},[35,21452,21454],{"id":21453},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21456,21457,21459,21460,21462],{},[15,21458,16559],{}," returns a ",[15,21461,21392],{}," view object.",[20,21464,1777],{},[155,21466,21467,21470,21473],{},[158,21468,21469],{},"You can loop over it",[158,21471,21472],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[158,21474,21475],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21477,1244],{},[40,21479,21481],{"className":42,"code":21480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21482,21483,21515,21529,21533,21547,21551,21570,21574],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21484,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509,21511,21513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21486,56],{"class":55},[49,21488,60],{"class":59},[49,21490,64],{"class":63},[49,21492,68],{"class":67},[49,21494,504],{"class":71},[49,21496,68],{"class":67},[49,21498,77],{"class":63},[49,21500,81],{"class":80},[49,21502,84],{"class":63},[49,21504,87],{"class":67},[49,21506,517],{"class":71},[49,21508,68],{"class":67},[49,21510,77],{"class":63},[49,21512,97],{"class":80},[49,21514,100],{"class":63},[49,21516,21517,21519,21521,21523,21525,21527],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21518,8886],{"class":55},[49,21520,60],{"class":59},[49,21522,14045],{"class":55},[49,21524,109],{"class":63},[49,21526,7482],{"class":112},[49,21528,116],{"class":63},[49,21530,21531],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,21532,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21534,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,21536,123],{"class":122},[49,21538,126],{"class":63},[49,21540,7767],{"class":1428},[49,21542,126],{"class":63},[49,21544,8933],{"class":112},[49,21546,1436],{"class":63},[49,21548,21549],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,21550,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21552,21553,21555,21557,21559,21562,21564,21566,21568],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,21554,106],{"class":55},[49,21556,3573],{"class":63},[49,21558,68],{"class":67},[49,21560,21561],{"class":71},"z",[49,21563,68],{"class":67},[49,21565,12751],{"class":63},[49,21567,12754],{"class":59},[49,21569,2247],{"class":80},[49,21571,21572],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,21573,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21575,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,21577,123],{"class":122},[49,21579,126],{"class":63},[49,21581,7767],{"class":1428},[49,21583,126],{"class":63},[49,21585,8933],{"class":112},[49,21587,1436],{"class":63},[20,21589,21590],{},[30,21591,573],{},[40,21593,21595],{"className":42,"code":21594,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21596,21597,21627],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21598,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21600,21224],{"class":63},[49,21602,397],{"class":67},[49,21604,504],{"class":71},[49,21606,397],{"class":67},[49,21608,84],{"class":63},[49,21610,81],{"class":80},[49,21612,8904],{"class":63},[49,21614,8907],{"class":63},[49,21616,397],{"class":67},[49,21618,517],{"class":71},[49,21620,397],{"class":67},[49,21622,84],{"class":63},[49,21624,97],{"class":80},[49,21626,8920],{"class":63},[49,21628,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21630,21224],{"class":63},[49,21632,397],{"class":67},[49,21634,504],{"class":71},[49,21636,397],{"class":67},[49,21638,84],{"class":63},[49,21640,81],{"class":80},[49,21642,8904],{"class":63},[49,21644,8907],{"class":63},[49,21646,397],{"class":67},[49,21648,517],{"class":71},[49,21650,397],{"class":67},[49,21652,84],{"class":63},[49,21654,97],{"class":80},[49,21656,8904],{"class":63},[49,21658,8907],{"class":63},[49,21660,397],{"class":67},[49,21662,21561],{"class":71},[49,21664,397],{"class":67},[49,21666,84],{"class":63},[49,21668,2120],{"class":80},[49,21670,8920],{"class":63},[20,21672,21673,21674,21676],{},"This happens because ",[15,21675,8933],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[35,21678,21680,21681],{"id":21679},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21682,16559],{},[20,21684,21685,21686,77],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21687,16559],{},[40,21689,21691],{"className":42,"code":21690,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21692,21693,21746,21750,21770],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21694,21695,21697,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21696,12340],{"class":55},[49,21698,60],{"class":59},[49,21700,64],{"class":63},[49,21702,68],{"class":67},[49,21704,251],{"class":71},[49,21706,68],{"class":67},[49,21708,77],{"class":63},[49,21710,87],{"class":67},[49,21712,7594],{"class":71},[49,21714,68],{"class":67},[49,21716,84],{"class":63},[49,21718,87],{"class":67},[49,21720,19374],{"class":71},[49,21722,68],{"class":67},[49,21724,77],{"class":63},[49,21726,87],{"class":67},[49,21728,21729],{"class":71},"A",[49,21731,68],{"class":67},[49,21733,84],{"class":63},[49,21735,87],{"class":67},[49,21737,272],{"class":71},[49,21739,68],{"class":67},[49,21741,77],{"class":63},[49,21743,13336],{"class":80},[49,21745,100],{"class":63},[49,21747,21748],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21749,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21751,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,21753,5630],{"class":973},[49,21755,21063],{"class":55},[49,21757,84],{"class":63},[49,21759,21068],{"class":55},[49,21761,3555],{"class":973},[49,21763,12383],{"class":55},[49,21765,109],{"class":63},[49,21767,7482],{"class":112},[49,21769,21079],{"class":63},[49,21771,21772,21774,21776,21779,21781,21783,21785,21788,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,21773,7742],{"class":122},[49,21775,126],{"class":63},[49,21777,21778],{"class":1734},"f",[49,21780,68],{"class":71},[49,21782,8949],{"class":80},[49,21784,14320],{"class":112},[49,21786,21787],{"class":80},"}",[49,21789,21790],{"class":71},": ",[49,21792,8949],{"class":80},[49,21794,2142],{"class":112},[49,21796,21787],{"class":80},[49,21798,68],{"class":71},[49,21800,335],{"class":63},[20,21802,21803],{},[30,21804,573],{},[40,21806,21808],{"className":42,"code":21807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21809,21810,21819,21828],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21811,21812,21814,21816],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21813,251],{"class":55},[49,21815,77],{"class":63},[49,21817,21818],{"class":55}," Mia\n",[49,21820,21821,21823,21825],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21822,19374],{"class":55},[49,21824,77],{"class":63},[49,21826,21827],{"class":55}," A\n",[49,21829,21830,21832,21834],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,21831,272],{"class":55},[49,21833,77],{"class":63},[49,21835,21836],{"class":80}," 14\n",[20,21838,21839],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[40,21841,21843],{"className":42,"code":21842,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21844,21845,21897,21901,21913],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21846,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21848,12340],{"class":55},[49,21850,60],{"class":59},[49,21852,64],{"class":63},[49,21854,68],{"class":67},[49,21856,251],{"class":71},[49,21858,68],{"class":67},[49,21860,77],{"class":63},[49,21862,87],{"class":67},[49,21864,7594],{"class":71},[49,21866,68],{"class":67},[49,21868,84],{"class":63},[49,21870,87],{"class":67},[49,21872,19374],{"class":71},[49,21874,68],{"class":67},[49,21876,77],{"class":63},[49,21878,87],{"class":67},[49,21880,21729],{"class":71},[49,21882,68],{"class":67},[49,21884,84],{"class":63},[49,21886,87],{"class":67},[49,21888,272],{"class":71},[49,21890,68],{"class":67},[49,21892,77],{"class":63},[49,21894,13336],{"class":80},[49,21896,100],{"class":63},[49,21898,21899],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,21900,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,21902,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,21904,5630],{"class":973},[49,21906,17691],{"class":55},[49,21908,3555],{"class":973},[49,21910,12383],{"class":55},[49,21912,6067],{"class":63},[49,21914,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,21916,7742],{"class":122},[49,21918,126],{"class":63},[49,21920,21778],{"class":1734},[49,21922,68],{"class":71},[49,21924,8949],{"class":80},[49,21926,14320],{"class":112},[49,21928,21787],{"class":80},[49,21930,21790],{"class":71},[49,21932,8949],{"class":80},[49,21934,13104],{"class":112},[49,21936,3573],{"class":63},[49,21938,14320],{"class":112},[49,21940,12751],{"class":63},[49,21942,21787],{"class":80},[49,21944,68],{"class":71},[49,21946,335],{"class":63},[20,21948,6180,21949,21952],{},[15,21950,21951],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,21954,21955,21956,109],{},"For a full guide, see ",[72,21957,21959],{"href":21958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[35,21961,21963],{"id":21962},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,21965,21966],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[40,21968,21970],{"className":42,"code":21969,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,21971,21972,22031,22035,22055,22059],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21973,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22009,22011,22013,22015,22018,22020,22022,22024,22027,22029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21975,12553],{"class":55},[49,21977,60],{"class":59},[49,21979,64],{"class":63},[49,21981,68],{"class":67},[49,21983,3751],{"class":71},[49,21985,68],{"class":67},[49,21987,77],{"class":63},[49,21989,87],{"class":67},[49,21991,12570],{"class":71},[49,21993,68],{"class":67},[49,21995,84],{"class":63},[49,21997,87],{"class":67},[49,21999,3760],{"class":71},[49,22001,68],{"class":67},[49,22003,77],{"class":63},[49,22005,87],{"class":67},[49,22007,22008],{"class":71},"yellow",[49,22010,68],{"class":67},[49,22012,84],{"class":63},[49,22014,87],{"class":67},[49,22016,22017],{"class":71},"grape",[49,22019,68],{"class":67},[49,22021,77],{"class":63},[49,22023,87],{"class":67},[49,22025,22026],{"class":71},"purple",[49,22028,68],{"class":67},[49,22030,100],{"class":63},[49,22032,22033],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22034,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,22036,22037,22040,22042,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,22038,22039],{"class":55},"pairs_list ",[49,22041,60],{"class":59},[49,22043,22044],{"class":1428}," list",[49,22046,126],{"class":63},[49,22048,16984],{"class":112},[49,22050,109],{"class":63},[49,22052,7482],{"class":112},[49,22054,6865],{"class":63},[49,22056,22057],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,22058,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,22060,22061,22063,22065,22068],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,22062,123],{"class":122},[49,22064,126],{"class":63},[49,22066,22067],{"class":112},"pairs_list",[49,22069,335],{"class":63},[20,22071,22072],{},[30,22073,573],{},[40,22075,22077],{"className":42,"code":22076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22078,22079],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22080,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129,22131,22133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22082,21224],{"class":63},[49,22084,397],{"class":67},[49,22086,3751],{"class":71},[49,22088,397],{"class":67},[49,22090,84],{"class":63},[49,22092,406],{"class":67},[49,22094,12570],{"class":71},[49,22096,397],{"class":67},[49,22098,8904],{"class":63},[49,22100,8907],{"class":63},[49,22102,397],{"class":67},[49,22104,3760],{"class":71},[49,22106,397],{"class":67},[49,22108,84],{"class":63},[49,22110,406],{"class":67},[49,22112,22008],{"class":71},[49,22114,397],{"class":67},[49,22116,8904],{"class":63},[49,22118,8907],{"class":63},[49,22120,397],{"class":67},[49,22122,22017],{"class":71},[49,22124,397],{"class":67},[49,22126,84],{"class":63},[49,22128,406],{"class":67},[49,22130,22026],{"class":71},[49,22132,397],{"class":67},[49,22134,8920],{"class":63},[20,22136,22137],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22139,22140],{},"Use this when:",[155,22142,22143,22146,22149],{},[158,22144,22145],{},"You want clearer printed output",[158,22147,22148],{},"You need list behavior",[158,22150,22151],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[35,22153,22155,10249,22157,10249,22159],{"id":22154},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22156,16559],{},[15,22158,16546],{},[15,22160,16552],{},[20,22162,22163],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[155,22165,22166,22171,22176],{},[158,22167,22168,22170],{},[15,22169,16559],{}," gives both key and value",[158,22172,22173,22175],{},[15,22174,16546],{}," gives only keys",[158,22177,22178,22180],{},[15,22179,16552],{}," gives only values",[20,22182,1244],{},[40,22184,22186],{"className":42,"code":22185,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22187,22188,22224,22228,22246,22264],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22189,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22191,12682],{"class":55},[49,22193,60],{"class":59},[49,22195,64],{"class":63},[49,22197,68],{"class":67},[49,22199,251],{"class":71},[49,22201,68],{"class":67},[49,22203,77],{"class":63},[49,22205,87],{"class":67},[49,22207,12357],{"class":71},[49,22209,68],{"class":67},[49,22211,84],{"class":63},[49,22213,87],{"class":67},[49,22215,272],{"class":71},[49,22217,68],{"class":67},[49,22219,77],{"class":63},[49,22221,279],{"class":80},[49,22223,100],{"class":63},[49,22225,22226],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22227,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,22229,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,22231,123],{"class":122},[49,22233,126],{"class":63},[49,22235,7767],{"class":1428},[49,22237,126],{"class":63},[49,22239,16788],{"class":112},[49,22241,109],{"class":63},[49,22243,16404],{"class":112},[49,22245,5963],{"class":63},[49,22247,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,22249,123],{"class":122},[49,22251,126],{"class":63},[49,22253,7767],{"class":1428},[49,22255,126],{"class":63},[49,22257,16788],{"class":112},[49,22259,109],{"class":63},[49,22261,5031],{"class":112},[49,22263,5963],{"class":63},[49,22265,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,22267,123],{"class":122},[49,22269,126],{"class":63},[49,22271,7767],{"class":1428},[49,22273,126],{"class":63},[49,22275,16788],{"class":112},[49,22277,109],{"class":63},[49,22279,7482],{"class":112},[49,22281,5963],{"class":63},[20,22283,22284],{},[30,22285,573],{},[40,22287,22289],{"className":42,"code":22288,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22290,22291,22311,22327],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22292,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22294,3573],{"class":63},[49,22296,397],{"class":67},[49,22298,251],{"class":71},[49,22300,397],{"class":67},[49,22302,84],{"class":63},[49,22304,406],{"class":67},[49,22306,272],{"class":71},[49,22308,397],{"class":67},[49,22310,3309],{"class":63},[49,22312,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22314,3573],{"class":63},[49,22316,397],{"class":67},[49,22318,12357],{"class":71},[49,22320,397],{"class":67},[49,22322,84],{"class":63},[49,22324,279],{"class":80},[49,22326,3309],{"class":63},[49,22328,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,22330,21224],{"class":63},[49,22332,397],{"class":67},[49,22334,251],{"class":71},[49,22336,397],{"class":67},[49,22338,84],{"class":63},[49,22340,406],{"class":67},[49,22342,12357],{"class":71},[49,22344,397],{"class":67},[49,22346,8904],{"class":63},[49,22348,8907],{"class":63},[49,22350,397],{"class":67},[49,22352,272],{"class":71},[49,22354,397],{"class":67},[49,22356,84],{"class":63},[49,22358,279],{"class":80},[49,22360,8920],{"class":63},[20,22362,22363],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[155,22365,22366,22374,22382],{},[158,22367,22368,22369],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[72,22370,22372],{"href":22371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22373,16546],{},[158,22375,22376,22377],{},"Need just values? Use ",[72,22378,22380],{"href":22379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22381,16552],{},[158,22383,22384,22385],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22386,16559],{},[35,22388,1223,22390],{"id":22389},"when-to-use-items",[15,22391,16559],{},[20,22393,22394,22396],{},[15,22395,16559],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[155,22398,22399,22402,22405,22408,22411],{},[158,22400,22401],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[158,22403,22404],{},"Building formatted output",[158,22406,22407],{},"Looping through settings and values",[158,22409,22410],{},"Showing names with scores",[158,22412,22413],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22415,1244],{},[40,22417,22419],{"className":42,"code":22418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22420,22421,22429,22447,22466,22478,22482,22486,22507],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22422,22423,22425,22427],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22424,13304],{"class":55},[49,22426,60],{"class":59},[49,22428,243],{"class":63},[49,22430,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22432,248],{"class":67},[49,22434,1281],{"class":71},[49,22436,68],{"class":67},[49,22438,77],{"class":63},[49,22440,87],{"class":67},[49,22442,1290],{"class":71},[49,22444,68],{"class":67},[49,22446,265],{"class":63},[49,22448,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22462,22464],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,22450,248],{"class":67},[49,22452,19606],{"class":71},[49,22454,68],{"class":67},[49,22456,77],{"class":63},[49,22458,87],{"class":67},[49,22460,22461],{"class":71},"English",[49,22463,68],{"class":67},[49,22465,265],{"class":63},[49,22467,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,22469,248],{"class":67},[49,22471,18007],{"class":71},[49,22473,68],{"class":67},[49,22475,77],{"class":63},[49,22477,1308],{"class":583},[49,22479,22480],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,22481,100],{"class":63},[49,22483,22484],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,22485,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,22487,22488,22490,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,22489,5630],{"class":973},[49,22491,22492],{"class":55}," setting",[49,22494,84],{"class":63},[49,22496,21068],{"class":55},[49,22498,3555],{"class":973},[49,22500,13348],{"class":55},[49,22502,109],{"class":63},[49,22504,7482],{"class":112},[49,22506,21079],{"class":63},[49,22508,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22522,22524,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,22510,7742],{"class":122},[49,22512,126],{"class":63},[49,22514,21778],{"class":1734},[49,22516,68],{"class":71},[49,22518,8949],{"class":80},[49,22520,22521],{"class":112},"setting",[49,22523,21787],{"class":80},[49,22525,22526],{"class":71}," = ",[49,22528,8949],{"class":80},[49,22530,2142],{"class":112},[49,22532,21787],{"class":80},[49,22534,68],{"class":71},[49,22536,335],{"class":63},[20,22538,22539],{},[30,22540,573],{},[40,22542,22544],{"className":42,"code":22543,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22545,22546,22556,22566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22547,22548,22551,22553],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22549,22550],{"class":55},"theme ",[49,22552,60],{"class":59},[49,22554,22555],{"class":55}," dark\n",[49,22557,22558,22561,22563],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22559,22560],{"class":55},"language ",[49,22562,60],{"class":59},[49,22564,22565],{"class":55}," English\n",[49,22567,22568,22571,22573],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,22569,22570],{"class":55},"notifications ",[49,22572,60],{"class":59},[49,22574,1308],{"class":583},[35,22576,1376],{"id":1375},[20,22578,22579,22580,109],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22581,16559],{},[591,22583,22585,22586,22588],{"id":22584},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22587,16559],{}," incorrectly",[20,22590,22591,22592,22594,22595,22598],{},"Each result from ",[15,22593,16559],{}," has ",[30,22596,22597],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22600,6358],{},[40,22602,22603],{"className":42,"code":21014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,22604,22605,22641,22645,22665],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22606,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22608,12682],{"class":55},[49,22610,60],{"class":59},[49,22612,64],{"class":63},[49,22614,68],{"class":67},[49,22616,251],{"class":71},[49,22618,68],{"class":67},[49,22620,77],{"class":63},[49,22622,87],{"class":67},[49,22624,12357],{"class":71},[49,22626,68],{"class":67},[49,22628,84],{"class":63},[49,22630,87],{"class":67},[49,22632,272],{"class":71},[49,22634,68],{"class":67},[49,22636,77],{"class":63},[49,22638,279],{"class":80},[49,22640,100],{"class":63},[49,22642,22643],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22644,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,22646,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,22648,5630],{"class":973},[49,22650,21063],{"class":55},[49,22652,84],{"class":63},[49,22654,21068],{"class":55},[49,22656,3555],{"class":973},[49,22658,12725],{"class":55},[49,22660,109],{"class":63},[49,22662,7482],{"class":112},[49,22664,21079],{"class":63},[49,22666,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,22668,7742],{"class":122},[49,22670,126],{"class":63},[49,22672,14320],{"class":112},[49,22674,84],{"class":63},[49,22676,8108],{"class":112},[49,22678,335],{"class":63},[20,22680,22681],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[40,22683,22685],{"className":42,"code":22684,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22686,22687,22723,22727,22743],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22688,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22690,12682],{"class":55},[49,22692,60],{"class":59},[49,22694,64],{"class":63},[49,22696,68],{"class":67},[49,22698,251],{"class":71},[49,22700,68],{"class":67},[49,22702,77],{"class":63},[49,22704,87],{"class":67},[49,22706,12357],{"class":71},[49,22708,68],{"class":67},[49,22710,84],{"class":63},[49,22712,87],{"class":67},[49,22714,272],{"class":71},[49,22716,68],{"class":67},[49,22718,77],{"class":63},[49,22720,279],{"class":80},[49,22722,100],{"class":63},[49,22724,22725],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22726,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,22728,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,22730,5630],{"class":973},[49,22732,17691],{"class":55},[49,22734,3555],{"class":973},[49,22736,12725],{"class":55},[49,22738,109],{"class":63},[49,22740,7482],{"class":112},[49,22742,21079],{"class":63},[49,22744,22745,22747,22749,22751],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,22746,7742],{"class":122},[49,22748,126],{"class":63},[49,22750,14320],{"class":112},[49,22752,335],{"class":63},[20,22754,22755,22756,22758,22759,22762],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22757,14320],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22760,22761],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22764,22765],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[40,22767,22769],{"className":42,"code":22768,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22770,22771,22787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22772,22773,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22774,5630],{"class":973},[49,22776,5633],{"class":55},[49,22778,3555],{"class":973},[49,22780,12725],{"class":55},[49,22782,109],{"class":63},[49,22784,7482],{"class":112},[49,22786,21079],{"class":63},[49,22788,22789,22791,22793,22796],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22790,7742],{"class":122},[49,22792,126],{"class":63},[49,22794,22795],{"class":112},"item",[49,22797,335],{"class":63},[20,22799,22800],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[40,22802,22804],{"className":42,"code":22803,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22805,22806,22826],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22807,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22809,5630],{"class":973},[49,22811,21063],{"class":55},[49,22813,84],{"class":63},[49,22815,21068],{"class":55},[49,22817,3555],{"class":973},[49,22819,12725],{"class":55},[49,22821,109],{"class":63},[49,22823,7482],{"class":112},[49,22825,21079],{"class":63},[49,22827,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22829,7742],{"class":122},[49,22831,126],{"class":63},[49,22833,14320],{"class":112},[49,22835,84],{"class":63},[49,22837,8108],{"class":112},[49,22839,335],{"class":63},[591,22841,1392,22843,22845],{"id":22842},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22844,16559],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22847,22848,21459,22850,22852],{},[15,22849,16559],{},[15,22851,21392],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22854,22855],{},"Check it:",[40,22857,22859],{"className":42,"code":22858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22860,22861,22893,22897,22911,22929],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22862,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22864,495],{"class":55},[49,22866,60],{"class":59},[49,22868,64],{"class":63},[49,22870,68],{"class":67},[49,22872,72],{"class":71},[49,22874,68],{"class":67},[49,22876,77],{"class":63},[49,22878,81],{"class":80},[49,22880,84],{"class":63},[49,22882,87],{"class":67},[49,22884,90],{"class":71},[49,22886,68],{"class":67},[49,22888,77],{"class":63},[49,22890,97],{"class":80},[49,22892,100],{"class":63},[49,22894,22895],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22896,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,22898,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,22900,123],{"class":122},[49,22902,126],{"class":63},[49,22904,199],{"class":112},[49,22906,109],{"class":63},[49,22908,7482],{"class":112},[49,22910,6865],{"class":63},[49,22912,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,22914,123],{"class":122},[49,22916,126],{"class":63},[49,22918,1429],{"class":1428},[49,22920,126],{"class":63},[49,22922,199],{"class":112},[49,22924,109],{"class":63},[49,22926,7482],{"class":112},[49,22928,5963],{"class":63},[49,22930,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,22932,123],{"class":122},[49,22934,126],{"class":63},[49,22936,7767],{"class":1428},[49,22938,126],{"class":63},[49,22940,199],{"class":112},[49,22942,109],{"class":63},[49,22944,7482],{"class":112},[49,22946,5963],{"class":63},[20,22948,22949],{},[30,22950,573],{},[40,22952,22954],{"className":42,"code":22953,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,22955,22956,22988,23002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22957,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22959,21392],{"class":112},[49,22961,9324],{"class":63},[49,22963,397],{"class":67},[49,22965,72],{"class":71},[49,22967,397],{"class":67},[49,22969,84],{"class":63},[49,22971,81],{"class":80},[49,22973,8904],{"class":63},[49,22975,8907],{"class":63},[49,22977,397],{"class":67},[49,22979,90],{"class":71},[49,22981,397],{"class":67},[49,22983,84],{"class":63},[49,22985,97],{"class":80},[49,22987,10343],{"class":63},[49,22989,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,22991,2962],{"class":59},[49,22993,2965],{"class":1734},[49,22995,406],{"class":67},[49,22997,21392],{"class":71},[49,22999,397],{"class":67},[49,23001,2974],{"class":59},[49,23003,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,23005,21224],{"class":63},[49,23007,397],{"class":67},[49,23009,72],{"class":71},[49,23011,397],{"class":67},[49,23013,84],{"class":63},[49,23015,81],{"class":80},[49,23017,8904],{"class":63},[49,23019,8907],{"class":63},[49,23021,397],{"class":67},[49,23023,90],{"class":71},[49,23025,397],{"class":67},[49,23027,84],{"class":63},[49,23029,97],{"class":80},[49,23031,8920],{"class":63},[591,23033,23035,23036],{"id":23034},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23037,16559],{},[20,23039,23040],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23042,23043],{},"Problem example:",[40,23045,23047],{"className":42,"code":23046,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23048,23049,23093,23097,23117,23129],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23050,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23052,3291],{"class":55},[49,23054,60],{"class":59},[49,23056,64],{"class":63},[49,23058,68],{"class":67},[49,23060,72],{"class":71},[49,23062,68],{"class":67},[49,23064,77],{"class":63},[49,23066,81],{"class":80},[49,23068,84],{"class":63},[49,23070,87],{"class":67},[49,23072,90],{"class":71},[49,23074,68],{"class":67},[49,23076,77],{"class":63},[49,23078,97],{"class":80},[49,23080,84],{"class":63},[49,23082,87],{"class":67},[49,23084,9406],{"class":71},[49,23086,68],{"class":67},[49,23088,77],{"class":63},[49,23090,2120],{"class":80},[49,23092,100],{"class":63},[49,23094,23095],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23096,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,23098,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,23100,5630],{"class":973},[49,23102,21063],{"class":55},[49,23104,84],{"class":63},[49,23106,21068],{"class":55},[49,23108,3555],{"class":973},[49,23110,3936],{"class":55},[49,23112,109],{"class":63},[49,23114,7482],{"class":112},[49,23116,21079],{"class":63},[49,23118,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,23120,6072],{"class":973},[49,23122,21068],{"class":55},[49,23124,4362],{"class":59},[49,23126,97],{"class":80},[49,23128,6067],{"class":63},[49,23130,23131,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,23132,23133],{"class":55},"        numbers",[49,23135,3573],{"class":63},[49,23137,68],{"class":67},[49,23139,18250],{"class":71},[49,23141,68],{"class":67},[49,23143,12751],{"class":63},[49,23145,12754],{"class":59},[49,23147,23148],{"class":80}," 4\n",[20,23150,23151],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23153,23154],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[40,23156,23158],{"className":42,"code":23157,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23159,23160,23204,23208,23233,23245,23263,23267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23161,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23163,3291],{"class":55},[49,23165,60],{"class":59},[49,23167,64],{"class":63},[49,23169,68],{"class":67},[49,23171,72],{"class":71},[49,23173,68],{"class":67},[49,23175,77],{"class":63},[49,23177,81],{"class":80},[49,23179,84],{"class":63},[49,23181,87],{"class":67},[49,23183,90],{"class":71},[49,23185,68],{"class":67},[49,23187,77],{"class":63},[49,23189,97],{"class":80},[49,23191,84],{"class":63},[49,23193,87],{"class":67},[49,23195,9406],{"class":71},[49,23197,68],{"class":67},[49,23199,77],{"class":63},[49,23201,2120],{"class":80},[49,23203,100],{"class":63},[49,23205,23206],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23207,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,23209,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,23211,5630],{"class":973},[49,23213,21063],{"class":55},[49,23215,84],{"class":63},[49,23217,21068],{"class":55},[49,23219,3555],{"class":973},[49,23221,22044],{"class":1428},[49,23223,126],{"class":63},[49,23225,3323],{"class":112},[49,23227,109],{"class":63},[49,23229,7482],{"class":112},[49,23231,23232],{"class":63},"()):\n",[49,23234,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,23236,6072],{"class":973},[49,23238,21068],{"class":55},[49,23240,4362],{"class":59},[49,23242,97],{"class":80},[49,23244,6067],{"class":63},[49,23246,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,23248,23133],{"class":55},[49,23250,3573],{"class":63},[49,23252,68],{"class":67},[49,23254,18250],{"class":71},[49,23256,68],{"class":67},[49,23258,12751],{"class":63},[49,23260,12754],{"class":59},[49,23262,23148],{"class":80},[49,23264,23265],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,23266,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,23268,23269,23271,23273,23275],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,23270,123],{"class":122},[49,23272,126],{"class":63},[49,23274,3323],{"class":112},[49,23276,335],{"class":63},[591,23278,23280],{"id":23279},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23282,23283],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[40,23285,23287],{"className":42,"code":23286,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23288,23289,23321,23325,23341],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23290,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23292,56],{"class":55},[49,23294,60],{"class":59},[49,23296,64],{"class":63},[49,23298,68],{"class":67},[49,23300,504],{"class":71},[49,23302,68],{"class":67},[49,23304,77],{"class":63},[49,23306,5677],{"class":80},[49,23308,84],{"class":63},[49,23310,87],{"class":67},[49,23312,517],{"class":71},[49,23314,68],{"class":67},[49,23316,77],{"class":63},[49,23318,7462],{"class":80},[49,23320,100],{"class":63},[49,23322,23323],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23324,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,23326,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,23328,5630],{"class":973},[49,23330,5633],{"class":55},[49,23332,3555],{"class":973},[49,23334,14045],{"class":55},[49,23336,109],{"class":63},[49,23338,7482],{"class":112},[49,23340,21079],{"class":63},[49,23342,23343,23345,23347,23349],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,23344,7742],{"class":122},[49,23346,126],{"class":63},[49,23348,22795],{"class":112},[49,23350,335],{"class":63},[20,23352,23353],{},[30,23354,573],{},[40,23356,23358],{"className":42,"code":23357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23359,23360,23376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23361,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23363,126],{"class":63},[49,23365,397],{"class":67},[49,23367,504],{"class":71},[49,23369,397],{"class":67},[49,23371,84],{"class":63},[49,23373,5677],{"class":80},[49,23375,335],{"class":63},[49,23377,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23379,126],{"class":63},[49,23381,397],{"class":67},[49,23383,517],{"class":71},[49,23385,397],{"class":67},[49,23387,84],{"class":63},[49,23389,7462],{"class":80},[49,23391,335],{"class":63},[20,23393,23394,23395,23397],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23396,21139],{}," pair.",[35,23399,1498],{"id":1497},[591,23401,23403,23404,4818],{"id":23402},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23405,16559],{},[20,23407,16903,23408,23410],{},[15,23409,21392],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[591,23412,1502,23414,23416],{"id":23413},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23415,16559],{}," return a list?",[20,23418,23419,23420,23423],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23421,23422],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[591,23425,23427,23428,1529],{"id":23426},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23429,16559],{},[20,23431,23432],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[40,23434,23436],{"className":42,"code":23435,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23437,23438,23458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23439,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23441,5630],{"class":973},[49,23443,21063],{"class":55},[49,23445,84],{"class":63},[49,23447,21068],{"class":55},[49,23449,3555],{"class":973},[49,23451,539],{"class":55},[49,23453,109],{"class":63},[49,23455,7482],{"class":112},[49,23457,21079],{"class":63},[49,23459,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23461,7742],{"class":122},[49,23463,126],{"class":63},[49,23465,14320],{"class":112},[49,23467,84],{"class":63},[49,23469,8108],{"class":112},[49,23471,335],{"class":63},[591,23473,1502,23475,23477],{"id":23474},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23476,16559],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23479,23480],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[35,23482,1550],{"id":1549},[155,23484,23485,23491,23497,23502,23506],{},[158,23486,23487],{},[72,23488,1567,23489,1571],{"href":22371},[15,23490,16546],{},[158,23492,23493],{},[72,23494,1567,23495,1571],{"href":22379},[15,23496,16552],{},[158,23498,23499],{},[72,23500,23501],{"href":21958},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[158,23503,23504],{},[72,23505,185],{"href":12500},[158,23507,23508],{},[72,23509,23510],{"href":21262},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1597,23512,23513],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":23515},[23516,23517,23519,23520,23521,23523,23524,23526,23528,23537,23547],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":21122,"depth":103,"text":23518},"What items() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":21453,"depth":103,"text":21454},{"id":21679,"depth":103,"text":23522},"Looping with items()",{"id":21962,"depth":103,"text":21963},{"id":22154,"depth":103,"text":23525},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22389,"depth":103,"text":23527},"When to use items()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":23529},[23530,23532,23534,23536],{"id":22584,"depth":119,"text":23531},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22842,"depth":119,"text":23533},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23034,"depth":119,"text":23535},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23279,"depth":119,"text":23280},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":23538},[23539,23541,23543,23545],{"id":23402,"depth":119,"text":23540},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23413,"depth":119,"text":23542},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23426,"depth":119,"text":23544},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23474,"depth":119,"text":23546},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":20990,"description":23548},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23555,"title":23556,"body":23557,"description":25648,"extension":1632,"meta":25649,"navigation":312,"path":22371,"seo":25650,"stem":25651,"__hash__":25652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23558,"toc":25614},[23559,23564,23570,23573,23584,23591,23593,23676,23680,23727,23732,23737,23742,23744,23760,23762,23861,23865,23922,23925,23927,23930,24023,24027,24090,24093,24109,24114,24116,24118,24133,24135,24146,24148,24191,24194,24238,24241,24243,24250,24253,24270,24272,24365,24369,24410,24422,24426,24429,24517,24521,24541,24544,24571,24578,24583,24587,24598,24600,24704,24708,24734,24737,24804,24809,24812,24835,24840,24844,24849,24855,24860,24862,24917,24921,24948,24955,24961,24964,24989,24995,25021,25024,25099,25106,25111,25113,25152,25170,25174,25177,25220,25223,25225,25244,25246,25251,25276,25279,25349,25352,25425,25429,25431,25492,25495,25511,25513,25518,25523,25530,25539,25545,25551,25558,25564,25568,25573,25575,25611],[10,23560,13,23562,18],{"id":23561},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23563,16546],{},[20,23565,23566,23567,23569],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23568,16546],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23571,23572],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[155,23574,23575,23578,23581],{},[158,23576,23577],{},"view the available keys",[158,23579,23580],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[158,23582,23583],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23585,23586,23588,23589,109],{},[15,23587,16546],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23590,16495],{},[35,23592,38],{"id":37},[40,23594,23596],{"className":42,"code":23595,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23597,23598,23634,23648,23652,23662],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23599,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23601,12340],{"class":55},[49,23603,60],{"class":59},[49,23605,64],{"class":63},[49,23607,68],{"class":67},[49,23609,251],{"class":71},[49,23611,68],{"class":67},[49,23613,77],{"class":63},[49,23615,87],{"class":67},[49,23617,12357],{"class":71},[49,23619,68],{"class":67},[49,23621,84],{"class":63},[49,23623,87],{"class":67},[49,23625,272],{"class":71},[49,23627,68],{"class":67},[49,23629,77],{"class":63},[49,23631,7462],{"class":80},[49,23633,100],{"class":63},[49,23635,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23637,16723],{"class":55},[49,23639,60],{"class":59},[49,23641,12383],{"class":55},[49,23643,109],{"class":63},[49,23645,16404],{"class":112},[49,23647,116],{"class":63},[49,23649,23650],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,23651,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,23653,23654,23656,23658,23660],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,23655,123],{"class":122},[49,23657,126],{"class":63},[49,23659,16404],{"class":112},[49,23661,335],{"class":63},[49,23663,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,23665,123],{"class":122},[49,23667,126],{"class":63},[49,23669,7767],{"class":1428},[49,23671,126],{"class":63},[49,23673,16404],{"class":112},[49,23675,1436],{"class":63},[20,23677,23678],{},[30,23679,573],{},[40,23681,23683],{"className":42,"code":23682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23684,23685,23707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23686,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23688,16495],{"class":112},[49,23690,2656],{"class":63},[49,23692,397],{"class":67},[49,23694,251],{"class":71},[49,23696,397],{"class":67},[49,23698,84],{"class":63},[49,23700,406],{"class":67},[49,23702,272],{"class":71},[49,23704,397],{"class":67},[49,23706,3561],{"class":63},[49,23708,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23710,3573],{"class":63},[49,23712,397],{"class":67},[49,23714,251],{"class":71},[49,23716,397],{"class":67},[49,23718,84],{"class":63},[49,23720,406],{"class":67},[49,23722,272],{"class":71},[49,23724,397],{"class":67},[49,23726,3309],{"class":63},[20,23728,1762,23729,23731],{},[15,23730,16546],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[35,23733,144,23735,147],{"id":23734},"what-keys-does",[15,23736,16546],{},[20,23738,23739,23741],{},[15,23740,16546],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23743,208],{},[155,23745,23746,23749,23752,23757],{},[158,23747,23748],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[158,23750,23751],{},"It does not need any arguments",[158,23753,16903,23754,23756],{},[15,23755,16495],{}," view object, not a list",[158,23758,23759],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23761,1244],{},[40,23763,23765],{"className":42,"code":23764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23766,23767,23803,23807,23821,23825,23847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23768,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23770,12682],{"class":55},[49,23772,60],{"class":59},[49,23774,64],{"class":63},[49,23776,68],{"class":67},[49,23778,251],{"class":71},[49,23780,68],{"class":67},[49,23782,77],{"class":63},[49,23784,87],{"class":67},[49,23786,12699],{"class":71},[49,23788,68],{"class":67},[49,23790,84],{"class":63},[49,23792,87],{"class":67},[49,23794,272],{"class":71},[49,23796,68],{"class":67},[49,23798,77],{"class":63},[49,23800,279],{"class":80},[49,23802,100],{"class":63},[49,23804,23805],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23806,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,23808,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,23810,123],{"class":122},[49,23812,126],{"class":63},[49,23814,16788],{"class":112},[49,23816,109],{"class":63},[49,23818,16404],{"class":112},[49,23820,6865],{"class":63},[49,23822,23823],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,23824,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,23826,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,23828,16788],{"class":55},[49,23830,3573],{"class":63},[49,23832,68],{"class":67},[49,23834,289],{"class":71},[49,23836,68],{"class":67},[49,23838,12751],{"class":63},[49,23840,12754],{"class":59},[49,23842,87],{"class":67},[49,23844,10080],{"class":71},[49,23846,301],{"class":67},[49,23848,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,23850,123],{"class":122},[49,23852,126],{"class":63},[49,23854,16788],{"class":112},[49,23856,109],{"class":63},[49,23858,16404],{"class":112},[49,23860,6865],{"class":63},[20,23862,23863],{},[30,23864,573],{},[40,23866,23868],{"className":42,"code":23867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23869,23870,23892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23871,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23873,16495],{"class":112},[49,23875,2656],{"class":63},[49,23877,397],{"class":67},[49,23879,251],{"class":71},[49,23881,397],{"class":67},[49,23883,84],{"class":63},[49,23885,406],{"class":67},[49,23887,272],{"class":71},[49,23889,397],{"class":67},[49,23891,3561],{"class":63},[49,23893,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23895,16495],{"class":112},[49,23897,2656],{"class":63},[49,23899,397],{"class":67},[49,23901,251],{"class":71},[49,23903,397],{"class":67},[49,23905,84],{"class":63},[49,23907,406],{"class":67},[49,23909,272],{"class":71},[49,23911,397],{"class":67},[49,23913,84],{"class":63},[49,23915,406],{"class":67},[49,23917,289],{"class":71},[49,23919,397],{"class":67},[49,23921,3561],{"class":63},[20,23923,23924],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[35,23926,5459],{"id":5458},[20,23928,23929],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[40,23931,23933],{"className":42,"code":23932,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23934,23935,23987,23991,24005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23936,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23938,56],{"class":55},[49,23940,60],{"class":59},[49,23942,64],{"class":63},[49,23944,68],{"class":67},[49,23946,251],{"class":71},[49,23948,68],{"class":67},[49,23950,77],{"class":63},[49,23952,87],{"class":67},[49,23954,12357],{"class":71},[49,23956,68],{"class":67},[49,23958,84],{"class":63},[49,23960,87],{"class":67},[49,23962,272],{"class":71},[49,23964,68],{"class":67},[49,23966,77],{"class":63},[49,23968,7462],{"class":80},[49,23970,84],{"class":63},[49,23972,87],{"class":67},[49,23974,19374],{"class":71},[49,23976,68],{"class":67},[49,23978,77],{"class":63},[49,23980,87],{"class":67},[49,23982,21729],{"class":71},[49,23984,68],{"class":67},[49,23986,100],{"class":63},[49,23988,23989],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,23990,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,23992,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,23994,123],{"class":122},[49,23996,126],{"class":63},[49,23998,106],{"class":112},[49,24000,109],{"class":63},[49,24002,16404],{"class":112},[49,24004,6865],{"class":63},[49,24006,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,24008,123],{"class":122},[49,24010,126],{"class":63},[49,24012,7767],{"class":1428},[49,24014,126],{"class":63},[49,24016,106],{"class":112},[49,24018,109],{"class":63},[49,24020,16404],{"class":112},[49,24022,5963],{"class":63},[20,24024,24025],{},[30,24026,573],{},[40,24028,24030],{"className":42,"code":24029,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24031,24032,24062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24033,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24035,16495],{"class":112},[49,24037,2656],{"class":63},[49,24039,397],{"class":67},[49,24041,251],{"class":71},[49,24043,397],{"class":67},[49,24045,84],{"class":63},[49,24047,406],{"class":67},[49,24049,272],{"class":71},[49,24051,397],{"class":67},[49,24053,84],{"class":63},[49,24055,406],{"class":67},[49,24057,19374],{"class":71},[49,24059,397],{"class":67},[49,24061,3561],{"class":63},[49,24063,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24065,3573],{"class":63},[49,24067,397],{"class":67},[49,24069,251],{"class":71},[49,24071,397],{"class":67},[49,24073,84],{"class":63},[49,24075,406],{"class":67},[49,24077,272],{"class":71},[49,24079,397],{"class":67},[49,24081,84],{"class":63},[49,24083,406],{"class":67},[49,24085,19374],{"class":71},[49,24087,397],{"class":67},[49,24089,3309],{"class":63},[20,24091,24092],{},"This shows two things:",[155,24094,24095,24103],{},[158,24096,24097,21459,24100,24102],{},[15,24098,24099],{},"data.keys()",[15,24101,16495],{}," object",[158,24104,24105,24108],{},[15,24106,24107],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24110,181,24111,109],{},[72,24112,24113],{"href":1561},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[35,24115,5104],{"id":5103},[20,24117,1830],{},[40,24119,24121],{"className":42,"code":24120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24122,24123],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24124,24125,24127,24129,24131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24126,199],{"class":55},[49,24128,109],{"class":63},[49,24130,16404],{"class":112},[49,24132,116],{"class":63},[20,24134,21284],{},[155,24136,24137,24140,24143],{},[158,24138,24139],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[158,24141,24142],{},"It takes no parameters",[158,24144,24145],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24147,16136],{},[40,24149,24151],{"className":42,"code":24150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24152,24153,24177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24154,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24156,12340],{"class":55},[49,24158,60],{"class":59},[49,24160,64],{"class":63},[49,24162,68],{"class":67},[49,24164,251],{"class":71},[49,24166,68],{"class":67},[49,24168,77],{"class":63},[49,24170,87],{"class":67},[49,24172,12357],{"class":71},[49,24174,68],{"class":67},[49,24176,100],{"class":63},[49,24178,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24180,123],{"class":122},[49,24182,126],{"class":63},[49,24184,13104],{"class":112},[49,24186,109],{"class":63},[49,24188,16404],{"class":112},[49,24190,6865],{"class":63},[20,24192,24193],{},"Incorrect:",[40,24195,24197],{"className":42,"code":24196,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24198,24199,24223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24200,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24202,12340],{"class":55},[49,24204,60],{"class":59},[49,24206,64],{"class":63},[49,24208,68],{"class":67},[49,24210,251],{"class":71},[49,24212,68],{"class":67},[49,24214,77],{"class":63},[49,24216,87],{"class":67},[49,24218,12357],{"class":71},[49,24220,68],{"class":67},[49,24222,100],{"class":63},[49,24224,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24236],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24226,123],{"class":122},[49,24228,126],{"class":63},[49,24230,13104],{"class":112},[49,24232,109],{"class":63},[49,24234,16404],{"class":24235},"skxfh",[49,24237,335],{"class":63},[20,24239,24240],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[35,24242,16900],{"id":16899},[20,24244,24245,21459,24247,24249],{},[15,24246,16546],{},[15,24248,16495],{}," object.",[20,24251,24252],{},"This object:",[155,24254,24255,24258,24261,24267],{},[158,24256,24257],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[158,24259,24260],{},"can be used in a loop",[158,24262,24263,24264],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24265,24266],{},"list()",[158,24268,24269],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24271,1244],{},[40,24273,24275],{"className":42,"code":24274,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24276,24277,24318,24322,24337,24341,24351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24278,24279,24282,24284,24286,24288,24291,24293,24295,24297,24300,24302,24304,24306,24309,24311,24313,24316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24280,24281],{"class":55},"car ",[49,24283,60],{"class":59},[49,24285,64],{"class":63},[49,24287,68],{"class":67},[49,24289,24290],{"class":71},"brand",[49,24292,68],{"class":67},[49,24294,77],{"class":63},[49,24296,87],{"class":67},[49,24298,24299],{"class":71},"Toyota",[49,24301,68],{"class":67},[49,24303,84],{"class":63},[49,24305,87],{"class":67},[49,24307,24308],{"class":71},"year",[49,24310,68],{"class":67},[49,24312,77],{"class":63},[49,24314,24315],{"class":80}," 2020",[49,24317,100],{"class":63},[49,24319,24320],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24321,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,24323,24324,24326,24328,24331,24333,24335],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,24325,534],{"class":55},[49,24327,60],{"class":59},[49,24329,24330],{"class":55}," car",[49,24332,109],{"class":63},[49,24334,16404],{"class":112},[49,24336,116],{"class":63},[49,24338,24339],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,24340,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,24342,24343,24345,24347,24349],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,24344,123],{"class":122},[49,24346,126],{"class":63},[49,24348,558],{"class":112},[49,24350,335],{"class":63},[49,24352,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,24354,123],{"class":122},[49,24356,126],{"class":63},[49,24358,1429],{"class":1428},[49,24360,126],{"class":63},[49,24362,558],{"class":112},[49,24364,1436],{"class":63},[20,24366,24367],{},[30,24368,573],{},[40,24370,24372],{"className":42,"code":24371,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24373,24374,24396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24375,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24377,16495],{"class":112},[49,24379,2656],{"class":63},[49,24381,397],{"class":67},[49,24383,24290],{"class":71},[49,24385,397],{"class":67},[49,24387,84],{"class":63},[49,24389,406],{"class":67},[49,24391,24308],{"class":71},[49,24393,397],{"class":67},[49,24395,3561],{"class":63},[49,24397,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24399,2962],{"class":59},[49,24401,2965],{"class":1734},[49,24403,406],{"class":67},[49,24405,16495],{"class":71},[49,24407,397],{"class":67},[49,24409,2974],{"class":59},[20,24411,24412,24413,24417,24418,109],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[72,24414,1567,24415,1571],{"href":16549},[15,24416,16552],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[72,24419,1567,24420,1571],{"href":16556},[15,24421,16559],{},[35,24423,24425],{"id":24424},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24427,24428],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[40,24430,24432],{"className":42,"code":24431,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24433,24434,24487,24491,24507],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24435,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24483,24485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24437,12340],{"class":55},[49,24439,60],{"class":59},[49,24441,64],{"class":63},[49,24443,68],{"class":67},[49,24445,251],{"class":71},[49,24447,68],{"class":67},[49,24449,77],{"class":63},[49,24451,87],{"class":67},[49,24453,12357],{"class":71},[49,24455,68],{"class":67},[49,24457,84],{"class":63},[49,24459,87],{"class":67},[49,24461,272],{"class":71},[49,24463,68],{"class":67},[49,24465,77],{"class":63},[49,24467,7462],{"class":80},[49,24469,84],{"class":63},[49,24471,87],{"class":67},[49,24473,14808],{"class":71},[49,24475,68],{"class":67},[49,24477,77],{"class":63},[49,24479,87],{"class":67},[49,24481,24482],{"class":71},"Math",[49,24484,68],{"class":67},[49,24486,100],{"class":63},[49,24488,24489],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24490,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,24492,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,24494,5630],{"class":973},[49,24496,17691],{"class":55},[49,24498,3555],{"class":973},[49,24500,12383],{"class":55},[49,24502,109],{"class":63},[49,24504,16404],{"class":112},[49,24506,21079],{"class":63},[49,24508,24509,24511,24513,24515],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,24510,7742],{"class":122},[49,24512,126],{"class":63},[49,24514,14320],{"class":112},[49,24516,335],{"class":63},[20,24518,24519],{},[30,24520,573],{},[40,24522,24524],{"className":42,"code":24523,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24525,24526,24531,24536],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24527,24528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24529,24530],{"class":55},"name\n",[49,24532,24533],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24534,24535],{"class":55},"age\n",[49,24537,24538],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,24539,24540],{"class":55},"course\n",[20,24542,24543],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[40,24545,24547],{"className":42,"code":24546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24548,24549,24561],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24550,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24552,5630],{"class":973},[49,24554,17691],{"class":55},[49,24556,3555],{"class":973},[49,24558,12383],{"class":55},[49,24560,6067],{"class":63},[49,24562,24563,24565,24567,24569],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24564,7742],{"class":122},[49,24566,126],{"class":63},[49,24568,14320],{"class":112},[49,24570,335],{"class":63},[20,24572,24573,24574,24577],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24575,24576],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[35,24579,1223,24581],{"id":24580},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24582,16546],{},[20,24584,1762,24585,10265],{},[15,24586,16546],{},[155,24588,24589,24592,24595],{},[158,24590,24591],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[158,24593,24594],{},"you want to display available fields",[158,24596,24597],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24599,1244],{},[40,24601,24603],{"className":42,"code":24602,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24604,24605,24658,24662,24677,24694],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24606,24607,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24627,24629,24631,24633,24636,24638,24640,24643,24645,24647,24650,24652,24654,24656],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24608,24609],{"class":55},"product ",[49,24611,60],{"class":59},[49,24613,64],{"class":63},[49,24615,68],{"class":67},[49,24617,251],{"class":71},[49,24619,68],{"class":67},[49,24621,77],{"class":63},[49,24623,87],{"class":67},[49,24625,24626],{"class":71},"Book",[49,24628,68],{"class":67},[49,24630,84],{"class":63},[49,24632,87],{"class":67},[49,24634,24635],{"class":71},"price",[49,24637,68],{"class":67},[49,24639,77],{"class":63},[49,24641,24642],{"class":80}," 12.99",[49,24644,84],{"class":63},[49,24646,87],{"class":67},[49,24648,24649],{"class":71},"stock",[49,24651,68],{"class":67},[49,24653,77],{"class":63},[49,24655,4279],{"class":80},[49,24657,100],{"class":63},[49,24659,24660],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24661,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,24663,24664,24666,24668,24670,24673,24675],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,24665,123],{"class":122},[49,24667,126],{"class":63},[49,24669,68],{"class":67},[49,24671,24672],{"class":71},"Available fields:",[49,24674,68],{"class":67},[49,24676,335],{"class":63},[49,24678,24679,24681,24683,24685,24688,24690,24692],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,24680,5630],{"class":973},[49,24682,17691],{"class":55},[49,24684,3555],{"class":973},[49,24686,24687],{"class":55}," product",[49,24689,109],{"class":63},[49,24691,16404],{"class":112},[49,24693,21079],{"class":63},[49,24695,24696,24698,24700,24702],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,24697,7742],{"class":122},[49,24699,126],{"class":63},[49,24701,14320],{"class":112},[49,24703,335],{"class":63},[20,24705,24706],{},[30,24707,573],{},[40,24709,24711],{"className":42,"code":24710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24712,24713,24720,24724,24729],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24714,24715,24718],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24716,24717],{"class":55},"Available fields",[49,24719,6067],{"class":63},[49,24721,24722],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24723,24530],{"class":55},[49,24725,24726],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,24727,24728],{"class":55},"price\n",[49,24730,24731],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,24732,24733],{"class":55},"stock\n",[20,24735,24736],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[40,24738,24740],{"className":42,"code":24739,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24741,24742,24778,24782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24743,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772,24774,24776],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24745,24609],{"class":55},[49,24747,60],{"class":59},[49,24749,64],{"class":63},[49,24751,68],{"class":67},[49,24753,251],{"class":71},[49,24755,68],{"class":67},[49,24757,77],{"class":63},[49,24759,87],{"class":67},[49,24761,24626],{"class":71},[49,24763,68],{"class":67},[49,24765,84],{"class":63},[49,24767,87],{"class":67},[49,24769,24635],{"class":71},[49,24771,68],{"class":67},[49,24773,77],{"class":63},[49,24775,24642],{"class":80},[49,24777,100],{"class":63},[49,24779,24780],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24781,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,24783,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,24785,123],{"class":122},[49,24787,126],{"class":63},[49,24789,68],{"class":67},[49,24791,251],{"class":71},[49,24793,68],{"class":67},[49,24795,20657],{"class":973},[49,24797,24687],{"class":112},[49,24799,109],{"class":63},[49,24801,16404],{"class":112},[49,24803,6865],{"class":63},[20,24805,24806,24807,109],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24808,3276],{},[20,24810,24811],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[40,24813,24815],{"className":42,"code":24814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24816,24817],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24818,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24820,123],{"class":122},[49,24822,126],{"class":63},[49,24824,68],{"class":67},[49,24826,251],{"class":71},[49,24828,68],{"class":67},[49,24830,20657],{"class":973},[49,24832,24687],{"class":112},[49,24834,335],{"class":63},[20,24836,24837,24838,109],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[72,24839,20690],{"href":16634},[35,24841,24843],{"id":24842},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24845,24846,24847,109],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24848,16546],{},[591,24850,1392,24852,24854],{"id":24851},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24853,16546],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24856,24857,24859],{},[15,24858,16546],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24861,1244],{},[40,24863,24865],{"className":42,"code":24864,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24866,24867,24903],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24868,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24870,56],{"class":55},[49,24872,60],{"class":59},[49,24874,64],{"class":63},[49,24876,68],{"class":67},[49,24878,251],{"class":71},[49,24880,68],{"class":67},[49,24882,77],{"class":63},[49,24884,87],{"class":67},[49,24886,12357],{"class":71},[49,24888,68],{"class":67},[49,24890,84],{"class":63},[49,24892,87],{"class":67},[49,24894,272],{"class":71},[49,24896,68],{"class":67},[49,24898,77],{"class":63},[49,24900,7462],{"class":80},[49,24902,100],{"class":63},[49,24904,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,24906,123],{"class":122},[49,24908,126],{"class":63},[49,24910,106],{"class":112},[49,24912,109],{"class":63},[49,24914,16404],{"class":112},[49,24916,6865],{"class":63},[20,24918,24919],{},[30,24920,573],{},[40,24922,24924],{"className":42,"code":24923,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24925,24926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24927,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944,24946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24929,16495],{"class":112},[49,24931,2656],{"class":63},[49,24933,397],{"class":67},[49,24935,251],{"class":71},[49,24937,397],{"class":67},[49,24939,84],{"class":63},[49,24941,406],{"class":67},[49,24943,272],{"class":71},[49,24945,397],{"class":67},[49,24947,3561],{"class":63},[20,24949,24950,24951,109],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[72,24952,24953],{"href":16556},[15,24954,16559],{},[591,24956,24958,24959],{"id":24957},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,24960,16495],{},[20,24962,24963],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[40,24965,24967],{"className":42,"code":24966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,24968,24969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24970,24971,24973,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24972,3573],{"class":63},[49,24974,397],{"class":67},[49,24976,251],{"class":71},[49,24978,397],{"class":67},[49,24980,84],{"class":63},[49,24982,406],{"class":67},[49,24984,272],{"class":71},[49,24986,397],{"class":67},[49,24988,3309],{"class":63},[20,24990,24991,24992,24994],{},"But ",[15,24993,16546],{}," returns:",[40,24996,24997],{"className":42,"code":24923,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,24998,24999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25000,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25002,16495],{"class":112},[49,25004,2656],{"class":63},[49,25006,397],{"class":67},[49,25008,251],{"class":71},[49,25010,397],{"class":67},[49,25012,84],{"class":63},[49,25014,406],{"class":67},[49,25016,272],{"class":71},[49,25018,397],{"class":67},[49,25020,3561],{"class":63},[20,25022,25023],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[40,25025,25027],{"className":42,"code":25026,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25028,25029,25065,25084,25088],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25030,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25032,56],{"class":55},[49,25034,60],{"class":59},[49,25036,64],{"class":63},[49,25038,68],{"class":67},[49,25040,251],{"class":71},[49,25042,68],{"class":67},[49,25044,77],{"class":63},[49,25046,87],{"class":67},[49,25048,12357],{"class":71},[49,25050,68],{"class":67},[49,25052,84],{"class":63},[49,25054,87],{"class":67},[49,25056,272],{"class":71},[49,25058,68],{"class":67},[49,25060,77],{"class":63},[49,25062,7462],{"class":80},[49,25064,100],{"class":63},[49,25066,25067,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25068,25069],{"class":55},"key_list ",[49,25071,60],{"class":59},[49,25073,22044],{"class":1428},[49,25075,126],{"class":63},[49,25077,106],{"class":112},[49,25079,109],{"class":63},[49,25081,16404],{"class":112},[49,25083,6865],{"class":63},[49,25085,25086],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,25087,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,25089,25090,25092,25094,25097],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,25091,123],{"class":122},[49,25093,126],{"class":63},[49,25095,25096],{"class":112},"key_list",[49,25098,335],{"class":63},[591,25100,25102,25103,25105],{"id":25101},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25104,16546],{}," on a list or string",[20,25107,25108,25110],{},[15,25109,16546],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25112,2506],{},[40,25114,25116],{"className":42,"code":25115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25117,25118,25138],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25119,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25121,3291],{"class":55},[49,25123,60],{"class":59},[49,25125,3296],{"class":63},[49,25127,2659],{"class":80},[49,25129,84],{"class":63},[49,25131,97],{"class":80},[49,25133,84],{"class":63},[49,25135,2120],{"class":80},[49,25137,3309],{"class":63},[49,25139,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25141,123],{"class":122},[49,25143,126],{"class":63},[49,25145,3323],{"class":112},[49,25147,109],{"class":63},[49,25149,16404],{"class":112},[49,25151,6865],{"class":63},[20,25153,25154,25155,25158,25159,25161,25162,109],{},"You may get an ",[15,25156,25157],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25160,16546],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[72,25163,25165,25166,25169],{"href":25164},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25167,25168],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[591,25171,25173],{"id":25172},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25175,25176],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[40,25178,25180],{"className":42,"code":25179,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25181,25182,25206],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25183,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196,25198,25200,25202,25204],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25185,56],{"class":55},[49,25187,60],{"class":59},[49,25189,64],{"class":63},[49,25191,68],{"class":67},[49,25193,251],{"class":71},[49,25195,68],{"class":67},[49,25197,77],{"class":63},[49,25199,87],{"class":67},[49,25201,12357],{"class":71},[49,25203,68],{"class":67},[49,25205,100],{"class":63},[49,25207,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25209,123],{"class":122},[49,25211,126],{"class":63},[49,25213,106],{"class":112},[49,25215,109],{"class":63},[49,25217,16404],{"class":24235},[49,25219,335],{"class":63},[20,25221,25222],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25224,18177],{},[40,25226,25228],{"className":42,"code":25227,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25229,25230],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25231,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25233,123],{"class":122},[49,25235,126],{"class":63},[49,25237,106],{"class":112},[49,25239,109],{"class":63},[49,25241,16404],{"class":112},[49,25243,6865],{"class":63},[35,25245,1376],{"id":1375},[20,25247,25248,25249,77],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25250,16546],{},[155,25252,25253,25258,25264,25270],{},[158,25254,8092,25255,25257],{},[15,25256,16546],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[158,25259,25260,25261,25263],{},"Thinking ",[15,25262,16546],{}," returns values too",[158,25265,25266,25267,25269],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25268,16495],{}," like a normal list",[158,25271,25272,25273,25275],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25274,16495],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25277,25278],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[40,25280,25282],{"className":42,"code":25281,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25283,25284,25316,25330,25334,25344],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25285,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25287,56],{"class":55},[49,25289,60],{"class":59},[49,25291,64],{"class":63},[49,25293,68],{"class":67},[49,25295,72],{"class":71},[49,25297,68],{"class":67},[49,25299,77],{"class":63},[49,25301,81],{"class":80},[49,25303,84],{"class":63},[49,25305,87],{"class":67},[49,25307,90],{"class":71},[49,25309,68],{"class":67},[49,25311,77],{"class":63},[49,25313,97],{"class":80},[49,25315,100],{"class":63},[49,25317,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25319,16723],{"class":55},[49,25321,60],{"class":59},[49,25323,14045],{"class":55},[49,25325,109],{"class":63},[49,25327,16404],{"class":112},[49,25329,116],{"class":63},[49,25331,25332],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,25333,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,25335,25336,25338,25340,25342],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,25337,123],{"class":122},[49,25339,126],{"class":63},[49,25341,16404],{"class":112},[49,25343,335],{"class":63},[49,25345,25346],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,25347,25348],{"class":134},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25350,25351],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[40,25353,25355],{"className":42,"code":25354,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25356,25357,25389,25407,25411],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25358,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25360,56],{"class":55},[49,25362,60],{"class":59},[49,25364,64],{"class":63},[49,25366,68],{"class":67},[49,25368,72],{"class":71},[49,25370,68],{"class":67},[49,25372,77],{"class":63},[49,25374,81],{"class":80},[49,25376,84],{"class":63},[49,25378,87],{"class":67},[49,25380,90],{"class":71},[49,25382,68],{"class":67},[49,25384,77],{"class":63},[49,25386,97],{"class":80},[49,25388,100],{"class":63},[49,25390,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25392,16723],{"class":55},[49,25394,60],{"class":59},[49,25396,22044],{"class":1428},[49,25398,126],{"class":63},[49,25400,106],{"class":112},[49,25402,109],{"class":63},[49,25404,16404],{"class":112},[49,25406,6865],{"class":63},[49,25408,25409],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,25410,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,25412,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,25414,123],{"class":122},[49,25416,126],{"class":63},[49,25418,16404],{"class":112},[49,25420,3573],{"class":63},[49,25422,1790],{"class":80},[49,25424,3561],{"class":63},[35,25426,25428],{"id":25427},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25430,10775],{},[40,25432,25434],{"className":42,"code":25433,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25435,25436,25450,25460,25474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25437,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25439,123],{"class":122},[49,25441,126],{"class":63},[49,25443,1429],{"class":1428},[49,25445,126],{"class":63},[49,25447,199],{"class":112},[49,25449,1436],{"class":63},[49,25451,25452,25454,25456,25458],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25453,123],{"class":122},[49,25455,126],{"class":63},[49,25457,199],{"class":112},[49,25459,335],{"class":63},[49,25461,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,25463,123],{"class":122},[49,25465,126],{"class":63},[49,25467,199],{"class":112},[49,25469,109],{"class":63},[49,25471,16404],{"class":112},[49,25473,6865],{"class":63},[49,25475,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,25477,123],{"class":122},[49,25479,126],{"class":63},[49,25481,7767],{"class":1428},[49,25483,126],{"class":63},[49,25485,199],{"class":112},[49,25487,109],{"class":63},[49,25489,16404],{"class":112},[49,25491,5963],{"class":63},[20,25493,25494],{},"These help you confirm:",[155,25496,25497,25500,25503,25508],{},[158,25498,25499],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[158,25501,25502],{},"what data it contains",[158,25504,25505,25506,475],{},"what ",[15,25507,16546],{},[158,25509,25510],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[35,25512,1498],{"id":1497},[591,25514,23403,25516,4818],{"id":25515},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25517,16546],{},[20,25519,16903,25520,25522],{},[15,25521,16495],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[591,25524,14382,25526,25529],{"id":25525},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25527,25528],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25531,25532,25533,25535,25536,109],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25534,16495],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25537,25538],{},"list(dict.keys())",[591,25540,25542,25543,1529],{"id":25541},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25544,25528],{},[20,25546,25547,25548,25550],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25549,5630],{}," loop.",[591,25552,25554,25555,25557],{"id":25553},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25556,16546],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25559,25560,25561,25563],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25562,16546],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[591,25565,25567],{"id":25566},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25569,1762,25570,109],{},[15,25571,25572],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[35,25574,1550],{"id":1549},[155,25576,25577,25582,25588,25594,25600,25604],{},[158,25578,25579],{},[72,25580,25581],{"href":1561},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[158,25583,25584],{},[72,25585,1567,25586,1571],{"href":16549},[15,25587,16552],{},[158,25589,25590],{},[72,25591,1567,25592,1571],{"href":16556},[15,25593,16559],{},[158,25595,25596],{},[72,25597,25599],{"href":25598},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[158,25601,25602],{},[72,25603,16635],{"href":16634},[158,25605,25606],{},[72,25607,25608,25609,25169],{"href":25164},"How to fix ",[15,25610,25168],{},[1597,25612,25613],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":25615},[25616,25617,25619,25620,25621,25622,25623,25625,25634,25635,25636,25647],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":23734,"depth":103,"text":25618},"What keys() does",{"id":5458,"depth":103,"text":5459},{"id":5103,"depth":103,"text":5104},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":24424,"depth":103,"text":24425},{"id":24580,"depth":103,"text":25624},"When to use keys()",{"id":24842,"depth":103,"text":24843,"children":25626},[25627,25629,25631,25633],{"id":24851,"depth":119,"text":25628},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24957,"depth":119,"text":25630},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25101,"depth":119,"text":25632},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25172,"depth":119,"text":25173},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":25427,"depth":103,"text":25428},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":25637},[25638,25640,25642,25644,25646],{"id":25515,"depth":119,"text":25639},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25525,"depth":119,"text":25641},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25541,"depth":119,"text":25643},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25553,"depth":119,"text":25645},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25566,"depth":119,"text":25567},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23556,"description":25648},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25654,"title":25655,"body":25656,"description":27929,"extension":1632,"meta":27930,"navigation":312,"path":27931,"seo":27932,"stem":27933,"__hash__":27934},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25657,"toc":27882},[25658,25663,25668,25671,25673,25819,25832,25837,25841,25855,25857,25960,25969,25971,25974,26012,26037,26039,26146,26148,26155,26158,26166,26168,26309,26317,26322,26326,26337,26339,26501,26504,26512,26519,26525,26622,26628,26705,26708,26720,26725,26731,26734,26738,26827,26830,26834,26938,26945,27032,27041,27043,27048,27054,27057,27103,27106,27172,27181,27187,27280,27286,27292,27335,27338,27403,27409,27501,27504,27508,27514,27539,27542,27638,27645,27647,27652,27743,27745,27773,27778,27780,27787,27790,27794,27804,27809,27812,27819,27829,27836,27844,27846,27879],[10,25659,13,25661,18],{"id":25660},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25662,1570],{},[20,25664,25665,25667],{},[15,25666,1357],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25669,25670],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[35,25672,3281],{"id":3280},[40,25674,25676],{"className":42,"code":25675,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25677,25678,25714,25738,25752,25765,25769,25774,25806],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25679,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25681,12682],{"class":55},[49,25683,60],{"class":59},[49,25685,64],{"class":63},[49,25687,68],{"class":67},[49,25689,251],{"class":71},[49,25691,68],{"class":67},[49,25693,77],{"class":63},[49,25695,87],{"class":67},[49,25697,12357],{"class":71},[49,25699,68],{"class":67},[49,25701,84],{"class":63},[49,25703,87],{"class":67},[49,25705,272],{"class":71},[49,25707,68],{"class":67},[49,25709,77],{"class":63},[49,25711,279],{"class":80},[49,25713,100],{"class":63},[49,25715,25716,25719,25721,25723,25725,25728,25730,25732,25734,25736],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25717,25718],{"class":55},"removed_age ",[49,25720,60],{"class":59},[49,25722,12725],{"class":55},[49,25724,109],{"class":63},[49,25726,25727],{"class":112},"pop",[49,25729,126],{"class":63},[49,25731,68],{"class":67},[49,25733,272],{"class":71},[49,25735,68],{"class":67},[49,25737,335],{"class":63},[49,25739,25740,25742,25744,25747,25749],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,25741,123],{"class":122},[49,25743,126],{"class":63},[49,25745,25746],{"class":112},"removed_age",[49,25748,131],{"class":63},[49,25750,25751],{"class":134},"   # 25\n",[49,25753,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,25755,123],{"class":122},[49,25757,126],{"class":63},[49,25759,16788],{"class":112},[49,25761,131],{"class":63},[49,25763,25764],{"class":134},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[49,25766,25767],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,25768,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,25770,25771],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,25772,25773],{"class":134},"# Safe version with default value\n",[49,25775,25776,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25802,25804],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,25777,25778],{"class":55},"country ",[49,25780,60],{"class":59},[49,25782,12725],{"class":55},[49,25784,109],{"class":63},[49,25786,25727],{"class":112},[49,25788,126],{"class":63},[49,25790,68],{"class":67},[49,25792,14741],{"class":71},[49,25794,68],{"class":67},[49,25796,84],{"class":63},[49,25798,87],{"class":67},[49,25800,25801],{"class":71},"Not found",[49,25803,68],{"class":67},[49,25805,335],{"class":63},[49,25807,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,25809,123],{"class":122},[49,25811,126],{"class":63},[49,25813,14741],{"class":112},[49,25815,131],{"class":63},[49,25817,25818],{"class":134},"       # Not found\n",[20,25820,1762,25821,25824,25825,25828,25829,25831],{},[15,25822,25823],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25826,25827],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25830,19170],{}," when the key might not exist.",[35,25833,144,25835,147],{"id":25834},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25836,1357],{},[20,25838,25839,77],{},[15,25840,1357],{},[155,25842,25843,25846,25849,25852],{},[158,25844,25845],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[158,25847,25848],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[158,25850,25851],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[158,25853,25854],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25856,1244],{},[40,25858,25860],{"className":42,"code":25859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25861,25862,25902,25906,25929,25933,25947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25863,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25865,238],{"class":55},[49,25867,60],{"class":59},[49,25869,64],{"class":63},[49,25871,68],{"class":67},[49,25873,251],{"class":71},[49,25875,68],{"class":67},[49,25877,77],{"class":63},[49,25879,87],{"class":67},[49,25881,12699],{"class":71},[49,25883,68],{"class":67},[49,25885,84],{"class":63},[49,25887,87],{"class":67},[49,25889,289],{"class":71},[49,25891,68],{"class":67},[49,25893,77],{"class":63},[49,25895,87],{"class":67},[49,25897,10080],{"class":71},[49,25899,68],{"class":67},[49,25901,100],{"class":63},[49,25903,25904],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25905,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,25907,25908,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,25909,25910],{"class":55},"removed_city ",[49,25912,60],{"class":59},[49,25914,332],{"class":55},[49,25916,109],{"class":63},[49,25918,25727],{"class":112},[49,25920,126],{"class":63},[49,25922,68],{"class":67},[49,25924,289],{"class":71},[49,25926,68],{"class":67},[49,25928,335],{"class":63},[49,25930,25931],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,25932,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,25934,25935,25937,25939,25942,25944],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,25936,123],{"class":122},[49,25938,126],{"class":63},[49,25940,25941],{"class":112},"removed_city",[49,25943,131],{"class":63},[49,25945,25946],{"class":134},"  # Paris\n",[49,25948,25949,25951,25953,25955,25957],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,25950,123],{"class":122},[49,25952,126],{"class":63},[49,25954,346],{"class":112},[49,25956,131],{"class":63},[49,25958,25959],{"class":134},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,25961,20254,25962,25965,25966,109],{},[15,25963,25964],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,25967,25968],{},"\"Paris\"",[35,25970,189],{"id":188},[20,25972,25973],{},"There are two common forms:",[40,25975,25977],{"className":42,"code":25976,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,25978,25979,25993],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25980,25981,25983,25985,25987,25989,25991],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25982,199],{"class":55},[49,25984,109],{"class":63},[49,25986,25727],{"class":112},[49,25988,126],{"class":63},[49,25990,14320],{"class":112},[49,25992,335],{"class":63},[49,25994,25995,25997,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26010],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,25996,199],{"class":55},[49,25998,109],{"class":63},[49,26000,25727],{"class":112},[49,26002,126],{"class":63},[49,26004,14320],{"class":112},[49,26006,84],{"class":63},[49,26008,26009],{"class":112}," default",[49,26011,335],{"class":63},[155,26013,26014,26020,26028,26034],{},[158,26015,26016,26019],{},[15,26017,26018],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[158,26021,26022,26024,26025,26027],{},[15,26023,26018],{}," raises ",[15,26026,19170],{}," if the key is missing",[158,26029,26030,26033],{},[15,26031,26032],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[158,26035,26036],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26038,1244],{},[40,26040,26042],{"className":42,"code":26041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26043,26044,26076,26080,26105,26133],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26045,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26047,4737],{"class":55},[49,26049,60],{"class":59},[49,26051,64],{"class":63},[49,26053,68],{"class":67},[49,26055,17899],{"class":71},[49,26057,68],{"class":67},[49,26059,77],{"class":63},[49,26061,19381],{"class":80},[49,26063,84],{"class":63},[49,26065,87],{"class":67},[49,26067,17908],{"class":71},[49,26069,68],{"class":67},[49,26071,77],{"class":63},[49,26073,12985],{"class":80},[49,26075,100],{"class":63},[49,26077,26078],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,26079,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26081,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,26083,123],{"class":122},[49,26085,126],{"class":63},[49,26087,15869],{"class":112},[49,26089,109],{"class":63},[49,26091,25727],{"class":112},[49,26093,126],{"class":63},[49,26095,68],{"class":67},[49,26097,17899],{"class":71},[49,26099,68],{"class":67},[49,26101,5034],{"class":63},[49,26103,26104],{"class":134},"         # 90\n",[49,26106,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123,26125,26127,26129,26131],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,26108,123],{"class":122},[49,26110,126],{"class":63},[49,26112,15869],{"class":112},[49,26114,109],{"class":63},[49,26116,25727],{"class":112},[49,26118,126],{"class":63},[49,26120,68],{"class":67},[49,26122,17917],{"class":71},[49,26124,68],{"class":67},[49,26126,84],{"class":63},[49,26128,3506],{"class":80},[49,26130,5034],{"class":63},[49,26132,20251],{"class":134},[49,26134,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,26136,123],{"class":122},[49,26138,126],{"class":63},[49,26140,15869],{"class":112},[49,26142,131],{"class":63},[49,26144,26145],{"class":134},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[35,26147,16900],{"id":16899},[20,26149,26150,13532,26152,26154],{},[15,26151,1570],{},[30,26153,600],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26156,26157],{},"Instead, it returns:",[155,26159,26160,26163],{},[158,26161,26162],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[158,26164,26165],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26167,1244],{},[40,26169,26171],{"className":42,"code":26170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26172,26173,26205,26209,26232,26264,26268,26282,26296],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26174,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197,26199,26201,26203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26176,56],{"class":55},[49,26178,60],{"class":59},[49,26180,64],{"class":63},[49,26182,68],{"class":67},[49,26184,72],{"class":71},[49,26186,68],{"class":67},[49,26188,77],{"class":63},[49,26190,5677],{"class":80},[49,26192,84],{"class":63},[49,26194,87],{"class":67},[49,26196,90],{"class":71},[49,26198,68],{"class":67},[49,26200,77],{"class":63},[49,26202,7462],{"class":80},[49,26204,100],{"class":63},[49,26206,26207],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,26208,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26210,26211,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,26212,26213],{"class":55},"result1 ",[49,26215,60],{"class":59},[49,26217,14045],{"class":55},[49,26219,109],{"class":63},[49,26221,25727],{"class":112},[49,26223,126],{"class":63},[49,26225,68],{"class":67},[49,26227,72],{"class":71},[49,26229,68],{"class":67},[49,26231,335],{"class":63},[49,26233,26234,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255,26257,26260,26262],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,26235,26236],{"class":55},"result2 ",[49,26238,60],{"class":59},[49,26240,14045],{"class":55},[49,26242,109],{"class":63},[49,26244,25727],{"class":112},[49,26246,126],{"class":63},[49,26248,68],{"class":67},[49,26250,9406],{"class":71},[49,26252,68],{"class":67},[49,26254,84],{"class":63},[49,26256,87],{"class":67},[49,26258,26259],{"class":71},"missing",[49,26261,68],{"class":67},[49,26263,335],{"class":63},[49,26265,26266],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,26267,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26269,26270,26272,26274,26277,26279],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,26271,123],{"class":122},[49,26273,126],{"class":63},[49,26275,26276],{"class":112},"result1",[49,26278,131],{"class":63},[49,26280,26281],{"class":134},"  # 10\n",[49,26283,26284,26286,26288,26291,26293],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,26285,123],{"class":122},[49,26287,126],{"class":63},[49,26289,26290],{"class":112},"result2",[49,26292,131],{"class":63},[49,26294,26295],{"class":134},"  # missing\n",[49,26297,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,26299,123],{"class":122},[49,26301,126],{"class":63},[49,26303,106],{"class":112},[49,26305,131],{"class":63},[49,26307,26308],{"class":134},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26310,26311,26312,6301],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[72,26313,26314],{"href":10400},[15,26315,26316],{},"dict.get()",[35,26318,1223,26320],{"id":26319},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26321,1570],{},[20,26323,1762,26324,10265],{},[15,26325,1570],{},[155,26327,26328,26331,26334],{},[158,26329,26330],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[158,26332,26333],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[158,26335,26336],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26338,1244],{},[40,26340,26342],{"className":42,"code":26341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26343,26344,26396,26400,26427,26431,26455,26459,26473,26487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26345,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26380,26382,26384,26387,26389,26391,26394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26347,24609],{"class":55},[49,26349,60],{"class":59},[49,26351,64],{"class":63},[49,26353,68],{"class":67},[49,26355,251],{"class":71},[49,26357,68],{"class":67},[49,26359,77],{"class":63},[49,26361,87],{"class":67},[49,26363,26364],{"class":71},"Laptop",[49,26366,68],{"class":67},[49,26368,84],{"class":63},[49,26370,87],{"class":67},[49,26372,24635],{"class":71},[49,26374,68],{"class":67},[49,26376,77],{"class":63},[49,26378,26379],{"class":80}," 1200",[49,26381,84],{"class":63},[49,26383,87],{"class":67},[49,26385,26386],{"class":71},"discount",[49,26388,68],{"class":67},[49,26390,77],{"class":63},[49,26392,26393],{"class":80}," 200",[49,26395,100],{"class":63},[49,26397,26398],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,26399,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26401,26402,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,26403,26404],{"class":55},"discount_amount ",[49,26406,60],{"class":59},[49,26408,24687],{"class":55},[49,26410,109],{"class":63},[49,26412,25727],{"class":112},[49,26414,126],{"class":63},[49,26416,68],{"class":67},[49,26418,26386],{"class":71},[49,26420,68],{"class":67},[49,26422,84],{"class":63},[49,26424,3506],{"class":80},[49,26426,335],{"class":63},[49,26428,26429],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,26430,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26432,26433,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,26434,26435],{"class":55},"final_price ",[49,26437,60],{"class":59},[49,26439,24687],{"class":55},[49,26441,3573],{"class":63},[49,26443,68],{"class":67},[49,26445,24635],{"class":71},[49,26447,68],{"class":67},[49,26449,12751],{"class":63},[49,26451,1891],{"class":59},[49,26453,26454],{"class":55}," discount_amount\n",[49,26456,26457],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,26458,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26460,26461,26463,26465,26468,26470],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,26462,123],{"class":122},[49,26464,126],{"class":63},[49,26466,26467],{"class":112},"discount_amount",[49,26469,131],{"class":63},[49,26471,26472],{"class":134},"  # 200\n",[49,26474,26475,26477,26479,26482,26484],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,26476,123],{"class":122},[49,26478,126],{"class":63},[49,26480,26481],{"class":112},"final_price",[49,26483,131],{"class":63},[49,26485,26486],{"class":134},"      # 1000\n",[49,26488,26489,26491,26493,26496,26498],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,26490,123],{"class":122},[49,26492,126],{"class":63},[49,26494,26495],{"class":112},"product",[49,26497,131],{"class":63},[49,26499,26500],{"class":134},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26502,26503],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[35,26505,26507,10249,26509],{"id":26506},"pop-vs-del",[15,26508,1570],{},[15,26510,26511],{},"del",[20,26513,10254,26514,1017,26516,26518],{},[15,26515,1570],{},[15,26517,26511],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[591,26520,1762,26522,26524],{"id":26521},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26523,1570],{}," when you need the removed value",[40,26526,26528],{"className":42,"code":26527,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26529,26530,26566,26570,26592,26596,26609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26531,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26533,12682],{"class":55},[49,26535,60],{"class":59},[49,26537,64],{"class":63},[49,26539,68],{"class":67},[49,26541,251],{"class":71},[49,26543,68],{"class":67},[49,26545,77],{"class":63},[49,26547,87],{"class":67},[49,26549,12357],{"class":71},[49,26551,68],{"class":67},[49,26553,84],{"class":63},[49,26555,87],{"class":67},[49,26557,272],{"class":71},[49,26559,68],{"class":67},[49,26561,77],{"class":63},[49,26563,279],{"class":80},[49,26565,100],{"class":63},[49,26567,26568],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,26569,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26571,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,26573,21112],{"class":55},[49,26575,60],{"class":59},[49,26577,12725],{"class":55},[49,26579,109],{"class":63},[49,26581,25727],{"class":112},[49,26583,126],{"class":63},[49,26585,68],{"class":67},[49,26587,272],{"class":71},[49,26589,68],{"class":67},[49,26591,335],{"class":63},[49,26593,26594],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,26595,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26597,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,26599,123],{"class":122},[49,26601,126],{"class":63},[49,26603,272],{"class":112},[49,26605,131],{"class":63},[49,26607,26608],{"class":134},"     # 25\n",[49,26610,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,26612,123],{"class":122},[49,26614,126],{"class":63},[49,26616,16788],{"class":112},[49,26618,131],{"class":63},[49,26620,26621],{"class":134},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[591,26623,1762,26625,26627],{"id":26624},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26626,26511],{}," when you only want deletion",[40,26629,26631],{"className":42,"code":26630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26632,26633,26669,26673,26689,26693],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26634,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26649,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26636,12682],{"class":55},[49,26638,60],{"class":59},[49,26640,64],{"class":63},[49,26642,68],{"class":67},[49,26644,251],{"class":71},[49,26646,68],{"class":67},[49,26648,77],{"class":63},[49,26650,87],{"class":67},[49,26652,12357],{"class":71},[49,26654,68],{"class":67},[49,26656,84],{"class":63},[49,26658,87],{"class":67},[49,26660,272],{"class":71},[49,26662,68],{"class":67},[49,26664,77],{"class":63},[49,26666,279],{"class":80},[49,26668,100],{"class":63},[49,26670,26671],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,26672,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26674,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,26676,26511],{"class":973},[49,26678,12725],{"class":55},[49,26680,3573],{"class":63},[49,26682,68],{"class":67},[49,26684,272],{"class":71},[49,26686,68],{"class":67},[49,26688,3309],{"class":63},[49,26690,26691],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,26692,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26694,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,26696,123],{"class":122},[49,26698,126],{"class":63},[49,26700,16788],{"class":112},[49,26702,131],{"class":63},[49,26704,26621],{"class":134},[20,26706,26707],{},"Difference:",[155,26709,26710,26715],{},[158,26711,26712,26714],{},[15,26713,1570],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[158,26716,26717,26719],{},[15,26718,26511],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26721,26722,26723,109],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[72,26724,1362],{"href":1361},[35,26726,26728,26729],{"id":26727},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26730,19170],{},[20,26732,26733],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[591,26735,26737],{"id":26736},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[40,26739,26741],{"className":42,"code":26740,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26742,26743,26768,26772,26798,26802,26814],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26744,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26764,26766],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26746,495],{"class":55},[49,26748,60],{"class":59},[49,26750,64],{"class":63},[49,26752,68],{"class":67},[49,26754,251],{"class":71},[49,26756,68],{"class":67},[49,26758,77],{"class":63},[49,26760,87],{"class":67},[49,26762,26763],{"class":71},"Sara",[49,26765,68],{"class":67},[49,26767,100],{"class":63},[49,26769,26770],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,26771,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26773,26774,26776,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,26775,2115],{"class":55},[49,26777,60],{"class":59},[49,26779,539],{"class":55},[49,26781,109],{"class":63},[49,26783,25727],{"class":112},[49,26785,126],{"class":63},[49,26787,68],{"class":67},[49,26789,272],{"class":71},[49,26791,68],{"class":67},[49,26793,84],{"class":63},[49,26795,3525],{"class":583},[49,26797,335],{"class":63},[49,26799,26800],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,26801,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26803,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,26805,123],{"class":122},[49,26807,126],{"class":63},[49,26809,2142],{"class":112},[49,26811,131],{"class":63},[49,26813,20044],{"class":134},[49,26815,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,26817,123],{"class":122},[49,26819,126],{"class":63},[49,26821,199],{"class":112},[49,26823,131],{"class":63},[49,26825,26826],{"class":134}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26828,26829],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[591,26831,26833],{"id":26832},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[40,26835,26837],{"className":42,"code":26836,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26838,26839,26863,26867,26883,26906,26916,26923],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26840,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26842,495],{"class":55},[49,26844,60],{"class":59},[49,26846,64],{"class":63},[49,26848,68],{"class":67},[49,26850,251],{"class":71},[49,26852,68],{"class":67},[49,26854,77],{"class":63},[49,26856,87],{"class":67},[49,26858,26763],{"class":71},[49,26860,68],{"class":67},[49,26862,100],{"class":63},[49,26864,26865],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,26866,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26868,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,26870,6668],{"class":973},[49,26872,87],{"class":67},[49,26874,272],{"class":71},[49,26876,68],{"class":67},[49,26878,20657],{"class":59},[49,26880,539],{"class":55},[49,26882,6067],{"class":63},[49,26884,26885,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,26886,26887],{"class":55},"    value ",[49,26889,60],{"class":59},[49,26891,539],{"class":55},[49,26893,109],{"class":63},[49,26895,25727],{"class":112},[49,26897,126],{"class":63},[49,26899,68],{"class":67},[49,26901,272],{"class":71},[49,26903,68],{"class":67},[49,26905,335],{"class":63},[49,26907,26908,26910,26912,26914],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,26909,7742],{"class":122},[49,26911,126],{"class":63},[49,26913,2142],{"class":112},[49,26915,335],{"class":63},[49,26917,26918,26921],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,26919,26920],{"class":973},"else",[49,26922,6067],{"class":63},[49,26924,26925,26927,26929,26931,26934,26936],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,26926,7742],{"class":122},[49,26928,126],{"class":63},[49,26930,68],{"class":67},[49,26932,26933],{"class":71},"Key not found",[49,26935,68],{"class":67},[49,26937,335],{"class":63},[591,26939,26941,26942,26944],{"id":26940},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,26943,10403],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[40,26946,26948],{"className":42,"code":26947,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26949,26950,26974,26978,27004,27008,27020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26951,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26953,495],{"class":55},[49,26955,60],{"class":59},[49,26957,64],{"class":63},[49,26959,68],{"class":67},[49,26961,251],{"class":71},[49,26963,68],{"class":67},[49,26965,77],{"class":63},[49,26967,87],{"class":67},[49,26969,26763],{"class":71},[49,26971,68],{"class":67},[49,26973,100],{"class":63},[49,26975,26976],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,26977,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,26979,26980,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,26981,2115],{"class":55},[49,26983,60],{"class":59},[49,26985,539],{"class":55},[49,26987,109],{"class":63},[49,26989,19233],{"class":112},[49,26991,126],{"class":63},[49,26993,68],{"class":67},[49,26995,272],{"class":71},[49,26997,68],{"class":67},[49,26999,84],{"class":63},[49,27001,3525],{"class":583},[49,27003,335],{"class":63},[49,27005,27006],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,27007,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,27009,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,27011,123],{"class":122},[49,27013,126],{"class":63},[49,27015,2142],{"class":112},[49,27017,131],{"class":63},[49,27019,20044],{"class":134},[49,27021,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,27023,123],{"class":122},[49,27025,126],{"class":63},[49,27027,199],{"class":112},[49,27029,131],{"class":63},[49,27031,26826],{"class":134},[20,27033,1762,27034,27038,27039,109],{},[72,27035,27036],{"href":10400},[15,27037,26316],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[72,27040,10924],{"href":10736},[35,27042,4192],{"id":4191},[20,27044,27045,27046,109],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27047,1357],{},[591,27049,25260,27051,27053],{"id":27050},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27052,1570],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27055,27056],{},"Lists use indexes:",[40,27058,27060],{"className":42,"code":27059,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27061,27062,27082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27063,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27065,3291],{"class":55},[49,27067,60],{"class":59},[49,27069,3296],{"class":63},[49,27071,1999],{"class":80},[49,27073,84],{"class":63},[49,27075,7462],{"class":80},[49,27077,84],{"class":63},[49,27079,7467],{"class":80},[49,27081,3309],{"class":63},[49,27083,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,27085,123],{"class":122},[49,27087,126],{"class":63},[49,27089,3323],{"class":112},[49,27091,109],{"class":63},[49,27093,25727],{"class":112},[49,27095,126],{"class":63},[49,27097,2659],{"class":80},[49,27099,5034],{"class":63},[49,27101,27102],{"class":134},"  # 20\n",[20,27104,27105],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[40,27107,27109],{"className":42,"code":27108,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27110,27111,27147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27112,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27114,12682],{"class":55},[49,27116,60],{"class":59},[49,27118,64],{"class":63},[49,27120,68],{"class":67},[49,27122,251],{"class":71},[49,27124,68],{"class":67},[49,27126,77],{"class":63},[49,27128,87],{"class":67},[49,27130,12357],{"class":71},[49,27132,68],{"class":67},[49,27134,84],{"class":63},[49,27136,87],{"class":67},[49,27138,272],{"class":71},[49,27140,68],{"class":67},[49,27142,77],{"class":63},[49,27144,279],{"class":80},[49,27146,100],{"class":63},[49,27148,27149,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,27150,123],{"class":122},[49,27152,126],{"class":63},[49,27154,16788],{"class":112},[49,27156,109],{"class":63},[49,27158,25727],{"class":112},[49,27160,126],{"class":63},[49,27162,68],{"class":67},[49,27164,272],{"class":71},[49,27166,68],{"class":67},[49,27168,5034],{"class":63},[49,27170,27171],{"class":134},"  # 25\n",[20,27173,27174,27175,27177,27178,27180],{},"A dictionary does ",[30,27176,600],{}," use positions with ",[15,27179,1570],{},". It uses keys.",[591,27182,4378,27184,27186],{"id":27183},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27185,1570],{}," changes the original dictionary",[40,27188,27190],{"className":42,"code":27189,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27191,27192,27224,27228,27250,27254,27267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27193,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27195,56],{"class":55},[49,27197,60],{"class":59},[49,27199,64],{"class":63},[49,27201,68],{"class":67},[49,27203,504],{"class":71},[49,27205,68],{"class":67},[49,27207,77],{"class":63},[49,27209,81],{"class":80},[49,27211,84],{"class":63},[49,27213,87],{"class":67},[49,27215,517],{"class":71},[49,27217,68],{"class":67},[49,27219,77],{"class":63},[49,27221,97],{"class":80},[49,27223,100],{"class":63},[49,27225,27226],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,27227,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,27229,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,27231,2115],{"class":55},[49,27233,60],{"class":59},[49,27235,14045],{"class":55},[49,27237,109],{"class":63},[49,27239,25727],{"class":112},[49,27241,126],{"class":63},[49,27243,68],{"class":67},[49,27245,504],{"class":71},[49,27247,68],{"class":67},[49,27249,335],{"class":63},[49,27251,27252],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,27253,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,27255,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,27257,123],{"class":122},[49,27259,126],{"class":63},[49,27261,2142],{"class":112},[49,27263,131],{"class":63},[49,27265,27266],{"class":134},"  # 1\n",[49,27268,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,27270,123],{"class":122},[49,27272,126],{"class":63},[49,27274,106],{"class":112},[49,27276,131],{"class":63},[49,27278,27279],{"class":134},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27281,27282,27283,27285],{},"After ",[15,27284,1570],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[591,27287,8092,27289,27291],{"id":27288},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27290,1570],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[40,27293,27295],{"className":42,"code":27294,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27296,27297,27321,27325,27330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27298,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27300,56],{"class":55},[49,27302,60],{"class":59},[49,27304,64],{"class":63},[49,27306,68],{"class":67},[49,27308,251],{"class":71},[49,27310,68],{"class":67},[49,27312,77],{"class":63},[49,27314,87],{"class":67},[49,27316,7594],{"class":71},[49,27318,68],{"class":67},[49,27320,100],{"class":63},[49,27322,27323],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,27324,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,27326,27327],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,27328,27329],{"class":134},"# This causes an error\n",[49,27331,27332],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,27333,27334],{"class":134},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27336,27337],{},"Safer version:",[40,27339,27341],{"className":42,"code":27340,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27342,27343,27367,27371],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27344,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27346,56],{"class":55},[49,27348,60],{"class":59},[49,27350,64],{"class":63},[49,27352,68],{"class":67},[49,27354,251],{"class":71},[49,27356,68],{"class":67},[49,27358,77],{"class":63},[49,27360,87],{"class":67},[49,27362,7594],{"class":71},[49,27364,68],{"class":67},[49,27366,100],{"class":63},[49,27368,27369],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,27370,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,27372,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,27374,123],{"class":122},[49,27376,126],{"class":63},[49,27378,106],{"class":112},[49,27380,109],{"class":63},[49,27382,25727],{"class":112},[49,27384,126],{"class":63},[49,27386,68],{"class":67},[49,27388,272],{"class":71},[49,27390,68],{"class":67},[49,27392,84],{"class":63},[49,27394,87],{"class":67},[49,27396,26259],{"class":71},[49,27398,68],{"class":67},[49,27400,5034],{"class":63},[49,27402,26295],{"class":134},[591,27404,1392,27406,27408],{"id":27405},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27407,1570],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[40,27410,27412],{"className":42,"code":27411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27413,27414,27446,27450,27472,27476,27488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27415,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27417,56],{"class":55},[49,27419,60],{"class":59},[49,27421,64],{"class":63},[49,27423,68],{"class":67},[49,27425,72],{"class":71},[49,27427,68],{"class":67},[49,27429,77],{"class":63},[49,27431,81],{"class":80},[49,27433,84],{"class":63},[49,27435,87],{"class":67},[49,27437,90],{"class":71},[49,27439,68],{"class":67},[49,27441,77],{"class":63},[49,27443,97],{"class":80},[49,27445,100],{"class":63},[49,27447,27448],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,27449,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,27451,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,27453,534],{"class":55},[49,27455,60],{"class":59},[49,27457,14045],{"class":55},[49,27459,109],{"class":63},[49,27461,25727],{"class":112},[49,27463,126],{"class":63},[49,27465,68],{"class":67},[49,27467,72],{"class":71},[49,27469,68],{"class":67},[49,27471,335],{"class":63},[49,27473,27474],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,27475,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,27477,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,27479,123],{"class":122},[49,27481,126],{"class":63},[49,27483,558],{"class":112},[49,27485,131],{"class":63},[49,27487,27266],{"class":134},[49,27489,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,27491,123],{"class":122},[49,27493,126],{"class":63},[49,27495,106],{"class":112},[49,27497,131],{"class":63},[49,27499,27500],{"class":134},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27502,27503],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[35,27505,27507],{"id":27506},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27509,27510,27511,27513],{},"Problems with ",[15,27512,1357],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[155,27515,27516,27519,27528,27531],{},[158,27517,27518],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[158,27520,27521,27522,27525,27526],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27523,27524],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27527,25823],{},[158,27529,27530],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[158,27532,27533,27534,10754,27536],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27535,2659],{},[15,27537,27538],{},"\"1\"",[20,27540,27541],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[40,27543,27545],{"className":42,"code":27544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27546,27547,27571,27575,27605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27548,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27550,56],{"class":55},[49,27552,60],{"class":59},[49,27554,64],{"class":63},[49,27556,68],{"class":67},[49,27558,2659],{"class":71},[49,27560,68],{"class":67},[49,27562,77],{"class":63},[49,27564,87],{"class":67},[49,27566,6255],{"class":71},[49,27568,68],{"class":67},[49,27570,100],{"class":63},[49,27572,27573],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,27574,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,27576,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27598,27600,27602],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,27578,123],{"class":122},[49,27580,126],{"class":63},[49,27582,106],{"class":112},[49,27584,109],{"class":63},[49,27586,25727],{"class":112},[49,27588,126],{"class":63},[49,27590,2659],{"class":80},[49,27592,84],{"class":63},[49,27594,87],{"class":67},[49,27596,27597],{"class":71},"not found",[49,27599,68],{"class":67},[49,27601,5034],{"class":63},[49,27603,27604],{"class":134},"    # not found\n",[49,27606,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,27608,123],{"class":122},[49,27610,126],{"class":63},[49,27612,106],{"class":112},[49,27614,109],{"class":63},[49,27616,25727],{"class":112},[49,27618,126],{"class":63},[49,27620,68],{"class":67},[49,27622,2659],{"class":71},[49,27624,68],{"class":67},[49,27626,84],{"class":63},[49,27628,87],{"class":67},[49,27630,27597],{"class":71},[49,27632,68],{"class":67},[49,27634,5034],{"class":63},[49,27636,27637],{"class":134},"  # one\n",[20,27639,27640,1017,27642,27644],{},[15,27641,2659],{},[15,27643,27538],{}," are different keys.",[35,27646,8547],{"id":8546},[20,27648,8550,27649,27651],{},[15,27650,1570],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,27653,27655],{"className":42,"code":27654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27656,27657,27667,27681,27699,27729],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27660,123],{"class":122},[49,27662,126],{"class":63},[49,27664,199],{"class":112},[49,27666,335],{"class":63},[49,27668,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,27670,123],{"class":122},[49,27672,126],{"class":63},[49,27674,199],{"class":112},[49,27676,109],{"class":63},[49,27678,16404],{"class":112},[49,27680,6865],{"class":63},[49,27682,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,27684,123],{"class":122},[49,27686,126],{"class":63},[49,27688,397],{"class":67},[49,27690,251],{"class":71},[49,27692,397],{"class":67},[49,27694,20657],{"class":973},[49,27696,539],{"class":112},[49,27698,335],{"class":63},[49,27700,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,27702,123],{"class":122},[49,27704,126],{"class":63},[49,27706,199],{"class":112},[49,27708,109],{"class":63},[49,27710,25727],{"class":112},[49,27712,126],{"class":63},[49,27714,397],{"class":67},[49,27716,251],{"class":71},[49,27718,397],{"class":67},[49,27720,84],{"class":63},[49,27722,406],{"class":67},[49,27724,26259],{"class":71},[49,27726,397],{"class":67},[49,27728,1436],{"class":63},[49,27730,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,27732,123],{"class":122},[49,27734,126],{"class":63},[49,27736,1429],{"class":1428},[49,27738,126],{"class":63},[49,27740,199],{"class":112},[49,27742,1436],{"class":63},[20,27744,20820],{},[155,27746,27747,27752,27757,27762,27768],{},[158,27748,27749,27751],{},[15,27750,1475],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[158,27753,27754,27756],{},[15,27755,20832],{}," shows all available keys",[158,27758,27759,27761],{},[15,27760,20838],{}," checks whether a key exists",[158,27763,27764,27767],{},[15,27765,27766],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[158,27769,27770,27772],{},[15,27771,1481],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27774,27775,27776,109],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[72,27777,9059],{"href":1561},[35,27779,1498],{"id":1497},[591,27781,27783,27784,27786],{"id":27782},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27785,1570],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27788,27789],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[591,27791,27793],{"id":27792},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27795,27796,26024,27798,27800,27801,27803],{},[15,27797,25823],{},[15,27799,19170],{},". ",[15,27802,25827],{}," returns the default value instead.",[591,27805,1502,27807,14375],{"id":27806},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27808,1570],{},[20,27810,27811],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[591,27813,27815,27816,27818],{"id":27814},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27817,1570],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27820,27821,27822,27824,27825,109],{},"Not with ",[15,27823,1357],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[72,27826,27827],{"href":1369},[15,27828,1578],{},[591,27830,1524,27832,1017,27834,1529],{"id":27831},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27833,10403],{},[15,27835,1570],{},[20,27837,27838,27840,27841,27843],{},[15,27839,10403],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27842,1570],{}," reads and removes it.",[35,27845,1550],{"id":1549},[155,27847,27848,27854,27861,27865,27869,27873],{},[158,27849,27850],{},[72,27851,27852],{"href":10400},[15,27853,19151],{},[158,27855,27856],{},[72,27857,27858],{"href":1369},[15,27859,27860],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[158,27862,27863],{},[72,27864,1595],{"href":1361},[158,27866,27867],{},[72,27868,20941],{"href":16077},[158,27870,27871],{},[72,27872,10924],{"href":10736},[158,27874,27875],{},[72,27876,27878],{"href":27877},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1597,27880,27881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":27883},[27884,27885,27887,27888,27889,27891,27898,27905,27915,27916,27917,27928],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":25834,"depth":103,"text":27886},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":26319,"depth":103,"text":27890},"When to use pop()",{"id":26506,"depth":103,"text":27892,"children":27893},"pop() vs del",[27894,27896],{"id":26521,"depth":119,"text":27895},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26624,"depth":119,"text":27897},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26727,"depth":103,"text":27899,"children":27900},"How to avoid KeyError",[27901,27902,27903],{"id":26736,"depth":119,"text":26737},{"id":26832,"depth":119,"text":26833},{"id":26940,"depth":119,"text":27904},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":27906},[27907,27909,27911,27913],{"id":27050,"depth":119,"text":27908},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27183,"depth":119,"text":27910},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27288,"depth":119,"text":27912},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27405,"depth":119,"text":27914},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27506,"depth":103,"text":27507},{"id":8546,"depth":103,"text":8547},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":27918},[27919,27921,27922,27924,27926],{"id":27782,"depth":119,"text":27920},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27792,"depth":119,"text":27793},{"id":27806,"depth":119,"text":27923},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27814,"depth":119,"text":27925},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27831,"depth":119,"text":27927},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25655,"description":27929},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27936,"title":27860,"body":27937,"description":29877,"extension":1632,"meta":29878,"navigation":312,"path":29879,"seo":29880,"stem":29881,"__hash__":29882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27938,"toc":29841},[27939,27944,27949,27952,27960,27970,27972,28061,28065,28114,28119,28124,28128,28144,28147,28149,28164,28166,28182,28189,28193,28199,28208,28210,28279,28283,28304,28307,28326,28329,28352,28354,28357,28472,28476,28535,28542,28546,28552,28677,28681,28731,28734,28738,28745,28747,28810,28814,28835,28838,28847,28862,28870,28877,28881,28893,28897,28908,28910,29056,29060,29119,29126,29131,29135,29141,29164,29169,29188,29192,29263,29270,29343,29352,29357,29362,29373,29376,29513,29518,29550,29555,29557,29561,29621,29624,29681,29684,29727,29729,29734,29740,29746,29749,29756,29764,29769,29772,29779,29787,29789,29838],[10,27940,13,27942,18],{"id":27941},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,27943,1578],{},[20,27945,150,27946,27948],{},[15,27947,1578],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27950,27951],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[155,27953,27954,27957],{},[158,27955,27956],{},"remove an item",[158,27958,27959],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,27961,27962,27963,27965,27966,27969],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,27964,1578],{}," removes the ",[30,27967,27968],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[35,27971,38],{"id":37},[40,27973,27975],{"className":42,"code":27974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,27976,27977,28021,28037,28041,28051],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27978,27979,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27980,56],{"class":55},[49,27982,60],{"class":59},[49,27984,64],{"class":63},[49,27986,68],{"class":67},[49,27988,72],{"class":71},[49,27990,68],{"class":67},[49,27992,77],{"class":63},[49,27994,81],{"class":80},[49,27996,84],{"class":63},[49,27998,87],{"class":67},[49,28000,90],{"class":71},[49,28002,68],{"class":67},[49,28004,77],{"class":63},[49,28006,97],{"class":80},[49,28008,84],{"class":63},[49,28010,87],{"class":67},[49,28012,9406],{"class":71},[49,28014,68],{"class":67},[49,28016,77],{"class":63},[49,28018,2120],{"class":80},[49,28020,100],{"class":63},[49,28022,28023,28026,28028,28030,28032,28035],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28024,28025],{"class":55},"item ",[49,28027,60],{"class":59},[49,28029,14045],{"class":55},[49,28031,109],{"class":63},[49,28033,28034],{"class":112},"popitem",[49,28036,116],{"class":63},[49,28038,28039],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,28040,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,28042,28043,28045,28047,28049],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,28044,123],{"class":122},[49,28046,126],{"class":63},[49,28048,22795],{"class":112},[49,28050,335],{"class":63},[49,28052,28053,28055,28057,28059],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,28054,123],{"class":122},[49,28056,126],{"class":63},[49,28058,106],{"class":112},[49,28060,335],{"class":63},[20,28062,28063],{},[30,28064,573],{},[40,28066,28068],{"className":42,"code":28067,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28069,28070,28086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28071,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28073,126],{"class":63},[49,28075,397],{"class":67},[49,28077,9406],{"class":71},[49,28079,397],{"class":67},[49,28081,84],{"class":63},[49,28083,2120],{"class":80},[49,28085,335],{"class":63},[49,28087,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28089,8949],{"class":63},[49,28091,397],{"class":67},[49,28093,72],{"class":71},[49,28095,397],{"class":67},[49,28097,77],{"class":63},[49,28099,81],{"class":80},[49,28101,84],{"class":63},[49,28103,406],{"class":67},[49,28105,90],{"class":71},[49,28107,397],{"class":67},[49,28109,77],{"class":63},[49,28111,97],{"class":80},[49,28113,100],{"class":63},[20,28115,28116,28118],{},[15,28117,1578],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[35,28120,144,28122,147],{"id":28121},"what-popitem-does",[15,28123,1578],{},[20,28125,28126,77],{},[15,28127,1578],{},[155,28129,28130,28133,28138,28141],{},[158,28131,28132],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[158,28134,28135,28136],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28137,21139],{},[158,28139,28140],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[158,28142,28143],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28145,28146],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[35,28148,189],{"id":188},[40,28150,28152],{"className":42,"code":28151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28153,28154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28155,28156,28158,28160,28162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28157,15084],{"class":55},[49,28159,109],{"class":63},[49,28161,28034],{"class":112},[49,28163,116],{"class":63},[20,28165,208],{},[155,28167,28168,28176,28179],{},[158,28169,28170,28172,28173],{},[15,28171,1578],{}," takes ",[30,28174,28175],{},"no arguments",[158,28177,28178],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[158,28180,28181],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28183,28184,28185,6301],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[72,28186,28187],{"href":1354},[15,28188,1570],{},[35,28190,28192],{"id":28191},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28194,28195,28196,28198],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28197,1578],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28200,28201,28202,28205],"ol",{},[158,28203,28204],{},"the key",[158,28206,28207],{},"the value",[20,28209,1244],{},[40,28211,28213],{"className":42,"code":28212,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28214,28215,28251,28265,28269],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28216,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28218,12682],{"class":55},[49,28220,60],{"class":59},[49,28222,64],{"class":63},[49,28224,68],{"class":67},[49,28226,251],{"class":71},[49,28228,68],{"class":67},[49,28230,77],{"class":63},[49,28232,87],{"class":67},[49,28234,4677],{"class":71},[49,28236,68],{"class":67},[49,28238,84],{"class":63},[49,28240,87],{"class":67},[49,28242,272],{"class":71},[49,28244,68],{"class":67},[49,28246,77],{"class":63},[49,28248,279],{"class":80},[49,28250,100],{"class":63},[49,28252,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28254,534],{"class":55},[49,28256,60],{"class":59},[49,28258,12725],{"class":55},[49,28260,109],{"class":63},[49,28262,28034],{"class":112},[49,28264,116],{"class":63},[49,28266,28267],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,28268,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,28270,28271,28273,28275,28277],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,28272,123],{"class":122},[49,28274,126],{"class":63},[49,28276,558],{"class":112},[49,28278,335],{"class":63},[20,28280,28281],{},[30,28282,573],{},[40,28284,28286],{"className":42,"code":28285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28287,28288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28289,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28291,126],{"class":63},[49,28293,397],{"class":67},[49,28295,272],{"class":71},[49,28297,397],{"class":67},[49,28299,84],{"class":63},[49,28301,279],{"class":80},[49,28303,335],{"class":63},[20,28305,28306],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[40,28308,28310],{"className":42,"code":28309,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28311,28312],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28313,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28315,534],{"class":55},[49,28317,60],{"class":59},[49,28319,12725],{"class":55},[49,28321,109],{"class":63},[49,28323,28034],{"class":112},[49,28325,116],{"class":63},[20,28327,28328],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[40,28330,28332],{"className":42,"code":28331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28333,28334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28335,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28337,14320],{"class":55},[49,28339,84],{"class":63},[49,28341,21068],{"class":55},[49,28343,60],{"class":59},[49,28345,12725],{"class":55},[49,28347,109],{"class":63},[49,28349,28034],{"class":112},[49,28351,116],{"class":63},[35,28353,225],{"id":224},[20,28355,28356],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[40,28358,28360],{"className":42,"code":28359,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28361,28362,28410,28414,28429,28433,28453],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28363,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28394,28396,28398,28401,28403,28405,28408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28365,4737],{"class":55},[49,28367,60],{"class":59},[49,28369,64],{"class":63},[49,28371,68],{"class":67},[49,28373,28374],{"class":71},"Tom",[49,28376,68],{"class":67},[49,28378,77],{"class":63},[49,28380,4749],{"class":80},[49,28382,84],{"class":63},[49,28384,87],{"class":67},[49,28386,12357],{"class":71},[49,28388,68],{"class":67},[49,28390,77],{"class":63},[49,28392,28393],{"class":80}," 95",[49,28395,84],{"class":63},[49,28397,87],{"class":67},[49,28399,28400],{"class":71},"Leo",[49,28402,68],{"class":67},[49,28404,77],{"class":63},[49,28406,28407],{"class":80}," 88",[49,28409,100],{"class":63},[49,28411,28412],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28413,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,28415,28416,28419,28421,28423,28425,28427],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,28417,28418],{"class":55},"removed_pair ",[49,28420,60],{"class":59},[49,28422,4784],{"class":55},[49,28424,109],{"class":63},[49,28426,28034],{"class":112},[49,28428,116],{"class":63},[49,28430,28431],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,28432,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,28434,28435,28437,28439,28441,28444,28446,28448,28451],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,28436,123],{"class":122},[49,28438,126],{"class":63},[49,28440,68],{"class":67},[49,28442,28443],{"class":71},"Removed:",[49,28445,68],{"class":67},[49,28447,84],{"class":63},[49,28449,28450],{"class":112}," removed_pair",[49,28452,335],{"class":63},[49,28454,28455,28457,28459,28461,28464,28466,28468,28470],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,28456,123],{"class":122},[49,28458,126],{"class":63},[49,28460,68],{"class":67},[49,28462,28463],{"class":71},"After removal:",[49,28465,68],{"class":67},[49,28467,84],{"class":63},[49,28469,4784],{"class":112},[49,28471,335],{"class":63},[20,28473,28474],{},[30,28475,573],{},[40,28477,28479],{"className":42,"code":28478,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28480,28481,28502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28482,28483,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28484,28485],{"class":55},"Removed",[49,28487,77],{"class":63},[49,28489,8907],{"class":63},[49,28491,397],{"class":67},[49,28493,28400],{"class":71},[49,28495,397],{"class":67},[49,28497,84],{"class":63},[49,28499,28407],{"class":80},[49,28501,335],{"class":63},[49,28503,28504,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531,28533],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28505,28506],{"class":55},"After removal",[49,28508,77],{"class":63},[49,28510,64],{"class":63},[49,28512,397],{"class":67},[49,28514,28374],{"class":71},[49,28516,397],{"class":67},[49,28518,77],{"class":63},[49,28520,4749],{"class":80},[49,28522,84],{"class":63},[49,28524,406],{"class":67},[49,28526,12357],{"class":71},[49,28528,397],{"class":67},[49,28530,77],{"class":63},[49,28532,28393],{"class":80},[49,28534,100],{"class":63},[20,28536,28537,28538,28541],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28539,28540],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[35,28543,28545],{"id":28544},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28547,28548,28549,28551],{},"Because ",[15,28550,1578],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[40,28553,28555],{"className":42,"code":28554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28556,28557,28593,28597,28616,28620,28639,28658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28558,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28560,14927],{"class":55},[49,28562,60],{"class":59},[49,28564,64],{"class":63},[49,28566,68],{"class":67},[49,28568,14938],{"class":71},[49,28570,68],{"class":67},[49,28572,77],{"class":63},[49,28574,87],{"class":67},[49,28576,14947],{"class":71},[49,28578,68],{"class":67},[49,28580,84],{"class":63},[49,28582,87],{"class":67},[49,28584,14958],{"class":71},[49,28586,68],{"class":67},[49,28588,77],{"class":63},[49,28590,26393],{"class":80},[49,28592,100],{"class":63},[49,28594,28595],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28596,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,28598,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28610,28612,28614],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,28600,14320],{"class":55},[49,28602,84],{"class":63},[49,28604,21068],{"class":55},[49,28606,60],{"class":59},[49,28608,28609],{"class":55}," book",[49,28611,109],{"class":63},[49,28613,28034],{"class":112},[49,28615,116],{"class":63},[49,28617,28618],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,28619,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,28621,28622,28624,28626,28628,28631,28633,28635,28637],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,28623,123],{"class":122},[49,28625,126],{"class":63},[49,28627,68],{"class":67},[49,28629,28630],{"class":71},"Key:",[49,28632,68],{"class":67},[49,28634,84],{"class":63},[49,28636,21063],{"class":112},[49,28638,335],{"class":63},[49,28640,28641,28643,28645,28647,28650,28652,28654,28656],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,28642,123],{"class":122},[49,28644,126],{"class":63},[49,28646,68],{"class":67},[49,28648,28649],{"class":71},"Value:",[49,28651,68],{"class":67},[49,28653,84],{"class":63},[49,28655,8108],{"class":112},[49,28657,335],{"class":63},[49,28659,28660,28662,28664,28666,28669,28671,28673,28675],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,28661,123],{"class":122},[49,28663,126],{"class":63},[49,28665,68],{"class":67},[49,28667,28668],{"class":71},"Dictionary:",[49,28670,68],{"class":67},[49,28672,84],{"class":63},[49,28674,28609],{"class":112},[49,28676,335],{"class":63},[20,28678,28679],{},[30,28680,573],{},[40,28682,28684],{"className":42,"code":28683,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28685,28686,28696,28706],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28687,28688,28691,28693],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28689,28690],{"class":55},"Key",[49,28692,77],{"class":63},[49,28694,28695],{"class":55}," pages\n",[49,28697,28698,28701,28703],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28699,28700],{"class":55},"Value",[49,28702,77],{"class":63},[49,28704,28705],{"class":80}," 200\n",[49,28707,28708,28711,28713,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,28709,28710],{"class":55},"Dictionary",[49,28712,77],{"class":63},[49,28714,64],{"class":63},[49,28716,397],{"class":67},[49,28718,14938],{"class":71},[49,28720,397],{"class":67},[49,28722,77],{"class":63},[49,28724,406],{"class":67},[49,28726,14947],{"class":71},[49,28728,397],{"class":67},[49,28730,100],{"class":63},[20,28732,28733],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[35,28735,28737],{"id":28736},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28739,28740,28741,27965,28743,109],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28742,1578],{},[30,28744,27968],{},[20,28746,1244],{},[40,28748,28750],{"className":42,"code":28749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28751,28752,28796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28753,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28772,28774,28776,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28755,56],{"class":55},[49,28757,60],{"class":59},[49,28759,64],{"class":63},[49,28761,68],{"class":67},[49,28763,504],{"class":71},[49,28765,68],{"class":67},[49,28767,77],{"class":63},[49,28769,81],{"class":80},[49,28771,84],{"class":63},[49,28773,87],{"class":67},[49,28775,517],{"class":71},[49,28777,68],{"class":67},[49,28779,77],{"class":63},[49,28781,97],{"class":80},[49,28783,84],{"class":63},[49,28785,87],{"class":67},[49,28787,21561],{"class":71},[49,28789,68],{"class":67},[49,28791,77],{"class":63},[49,28793,2120],{"class":80},[49,28795,100],{"class":63},[49,28797,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28799,123],{"class":122},[49,28801,126],{"class":63},[49,28803,106],{"class":112},[49,28805,109],{"class":63},[49,28807,28034],{"class":112},[49,28809,6865],{"class":63},[20,28811,28812],{},[30,28813,573],{},[40,28815,28817],{"className":42,"code":28816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28818,28819],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28820,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28822,126],{"class":63},[49,28824,397],{"class":67},[49,28826,21561],{"class":71},[49,28828,397],{"class":67},[49,28830,84],{"class":63},[49,28832,2120],{"class":80},[49,28834,335],{"class":63},[20,28836,28837],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28839,28840,28841,28843,28844,28846],{},"As a beginner, do ",[30,28842,600],{}," think of ",[15,28845,1578],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28848,28849,28850,1858,28854,16553,28858,109],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[72,28851,28852],{"href":16556},[15,28853,16559],{},[72,28855,28856],{"href":16543},[15,28857,16546],{},[72,28859,28860],{"href":16549},[15,28861,16552],{},[35,28863,28865,28866,1017,28868],{"id":28864},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28867,1578],{},[15,28869,1570],{},[20,28871,28872,1017,28874,28876],{},[15,28873,1578],{},[15,28875,1570],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[591,28878,28879],{"id":28034},[15,28880,1578],{},[155,28882,28883,28886,28889],{},[158,28884,28885],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[158,28887,28888],{},"does not need a key argument",[158,28890,3365,28891],{},[15,28892,21139],{},[591,28894,28895],{"id":25727},[15,28896,1570],{},[155,28898,28899,28902,28905],{},[158,28900,28901],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[158,28903,28904],{},"needs the key name",[158,28906,28907],{},"returns only the value",[20,28909,1244],{},[40,28911,28913],{"className":42,"code":28912,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28914,28915,28959,28963,28977,28997,29001,29023,29042,29046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28916,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28918,56],{"class":55},[49,28920,60],{"class":59},[49,28922,64],{"class":63},[49,28924,68],{"class":67},[49,28926,72],{"class":71},[49,28928,68],{"class":67},[49,28930,77],{"class":63},[49,28932,81],{"class":80},[49,28934,84],{"class":63},[49,28936,87],{"class":67},[49,28938,90],{"class":71},[49,28940,68],{"class":67},[49,28942,77],{"class":63},[49,28944,97],{"class":80},[49,28946,84],{"class":63},[49,28948,87],{"class":67},[49,28950,9406],{"class":71},[49,28952,68],{"class":67},[49,28954,77],{"class":63},[49,28956,2120],{"class":80},[49,28958,100],{"class":63},[49,28960,28961],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,28962,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,28964,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,28966,28025],{"class":55},[49,28968,60],{"class":59},[49,28970,14045],{"class":55},[49,28972,109],{"class":63},[49,28974,28034],{"class":112},[49,28976,116],{"class":63},[49,28978,28979,28981,28983,28985,28988,28990,28992,28995],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,28980,123],{"class":122},[49,28982,126],{"class":63},[49,28984,68],{"class":67},[49,28986,28987],{"class":71},"popitem():",[49,28989,68],{"class":67},[49,28991,84],{"class":63},[49,28993,28994],{"class":112}," item",[49,28996,335],{"class":63},[49,28998,28999],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,29000,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,29002,29003,29005,29007,29009,29011,29013,29015,29017,29019,29021],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,29004,2115],{"class":55},[49,29006,60],{"class":59},[49,29008,14045],{"class":55},[49,29010,109],{"class":63},[49,29012,25727],{"class":112},[49,29014,126],{"class":63},[49,29016,68],{"class":67},[49,29018,72],{"class":71},[49,29020,68],{"class":67},[49,29022,335],{"class":63},[49,29024,29025,29027,29029,29031,29034,29036,29038,29040],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,29026,123],{"class":122},[49,29028,126],{"class":63},[49,29030,68],{"class":67},[49,29032,29033],{"class":71},"pop('a'):",[49,29035,68],{"class":67},[49,29037,84],{"class":63},[49,29039,8108],{"class":112},[49,29041,335],{"class":63},[49,29043,29044],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,29045,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,29047,29048,29050,29052,29054],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,29049,123],{"class":122},[49,29051,126],{"class":63},[49,29053,106],{"class":112},[49,29055,335],{"class":63},[20,29057,29058],{},[30,29059,573],{},[40,29061,29063],{"className":42,"code":29062,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29064,29065,29086,29103],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29066,29067,29069,29072,29074,29076,29078,29080,29082,29084],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29068,28034],{"class":112},[49,29070,29071],{"class":63},"():",[49,29073,8907],{"class":63},[49,29075,397],{"class":67},[49,29077,9406],{"class":71},[49,29079,397],{"class":67},[49,29081,84],{"class":63},[49,29083,2120],{"class":80},[49,29085,335],{"class":63},[49,29087,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29089,25727],{"class":112},[49,29091,126],{"class":63},[49,29093,397],{"class":67},[49,29095,72],{"class":71},[49,29097,397],{"class":67},[49,29099,15932],{"class":63},[49,29101,29102],{"class":80}," 1\n",[49,29104,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,29106,8949],{"class":63},[49,29108,397],{"class":67},[49,29110,90],{"class":71},[49,29112,397],{"class":67},[49,29114,77],{"class":63},[49,29116,97],{"class":80},[49,29118,100],{"class":63},[20,29120,1762,29121,29125],{},[72,29122,29123],{"href":1354},[15,29124,1570],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29127,1762,29128,29130],{},[15,29129,1578],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[35,29132,29134],{"id":29133},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29136,29137,29138,29140],{},"Calling ",[15,29139,1578],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[40,29142,29144],{"className":42,"code":29143,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29145,29146,29154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29147,29148,29150,29152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29149,56],{"class":55},[49,29151,60],{"class":59},[49,29153,450],{"class":63},[49,29155,29156,29158,29160,29162],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29157,106],{"class":55},[49,29159,109],{"class":63},[49,29161,28034],{"class":112},[49,29163,116],{"class":63},[20,29165,29166],{},[30,29167,29168],{},"Error:",[40,29170,29172],{"className":42,"code":29171,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29173,29174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29175,29176,29178,29180,29182,29185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29177,19170],{"class":1428},[49,29179,77],{"class":63},[49,29181,406],{"class":67},[49,29183,29184],{"class":71},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[49,29186,29187],{"class":67},"'\n",[591,29189,29191],{"id":29190},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[40,29193,29195],{"className":42,"code":29194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29196,29197,29205,29209,29217,29232,29242,29248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29198,29199,29201,29203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29200,56],{"class":55},[49,29202,60],{"class":59},[49,29204,450],{"class":63},[49,29206,29207],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29208,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,29210,29211,29213,29215],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,29212,6668],{"class":973},[49,29214,14045],{"class":55},[49,29216,6067],{"class":63},[49,29218,29219,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,29220,29221],{"class":55},"    item ",[49,29223,60],{"class":59},[49,29225,14045],{"class":55},[49,29227,109],{"class":63},[49,29229,28034],{"class":112},[49,29231,116],{"class":63},[49,29233,29234,29236,29238,29240],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,29235,7742],{"class":122},[49,29237,126],{"class":63},[49,29239,22795],{"class":112},[49,29241,335],{"class":63},[49,29243,29244,29246],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,29245,26920],{"class":973},[49,29247,6067],{"class":63},[49,29249,29250,29252,29254,29256,29259,29261],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,29251,7742],{"class":122},[49,29253,126],{"class":63},[49,29255,68],{"class":67},[49,29257,29258],{"class":71},"Dictionary is empty",[49,29260,68],{"class":67},[49,29262,335],{"class":63},[591,29264,29266,29267],{"id":29265},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29268,29269],{},"try-except",[40,29271,29273],{"className":42,"code":29272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29274,29275,29283,29287,29294,29308,29318,29328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29276,29277,29279,29281],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29278,56],{"class":55},[49,29280,60],{"class":59},[49,29282,450],{"class":63},[49,29284,29285],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29286,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,29288,29289,29292],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,29290,29291],{"class":973},"try",[49,29293,6067],{"class":63},[49,29295,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,29297,29221],{"class":55},[49,29299,60],{"class":59},[49,29301,14045],{"class":55},[49,29303,109],{"class":63},[49,29305,28034],{"class":112},[49,29307,116],{"class":63},[49,29309,29310,29312,29314,29316],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,29311,7742],{"class":122},[49,29313,126],{"class":63},[49,29315,22795],{"class":112},[49,29317,335],{"class":63},[49,29319,29320,29323,29326],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,29321,29322],{"class":973},"except",[49,29324,29325],{"class":1428}," KeyError",[49,29327,6067],{"class":63},[49,29329,29330,29332,29334,29336,29339,29341],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,29331,7742],{"class":122},[49,29333,126],{"class":63},[49,29335,68],{"class":67},[49,29337,29338],{"class":71},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[49,29340,68],{"class":67},[49,29342,335],{"class":63},[20,29344,29345,29346,109],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[72,29347,25165,29349],{"href":29348},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29350,29351],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[35,29353,1223,29355],{"id":29354},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29356,1578],{},[20,29358,29359,29361],{},[15,29360,1578],{}," is useful when:",[155,29363,29364,29367,29370],{},[158,29365,29366],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[158,29368,29369],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[158,29371,29372],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29374,29375],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[40,29377,29379],{"className":42,"code":29378,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29380,29381,29390,29410,29430,29448,29452,29456,29466,29485],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29382,29383,29386,29388],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29384,29385],{"class":55},"tasks ",[49,29387,60],{"class":59},[49,29389,243],{"class":63},[49,29391,29392,29394,29397,29399,29401,29403,29406,29408],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29393,248],{"class":67},[49,29395,29396],{"class":71},"first",[49,29398,68],{"class":67},[49,29400,77],{"class":63},[49,29402,87],{"class":67},[49,29404,29405],{"class":71},"wash dishes",[49,29407,68],{"class":67},[49,29409,265],{"class":63},[49,29411,29412,29414,29417,29419,29421,29423,29426,29428],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,29413,248],{"class":67},[49,29415,29416],{"class":71},"second",[49,29418,68],{"class":67},[49,29420,77],{"class":63},[49,29422,87],{"class":67},[49,29424,29425],{"class":71},"do homework",[49,29427,68],{"class":67},[49,29429,265],{"class":63},[49,29431,29432,29434,29437,29439,29441,29443,29446],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,29433,248],{"class":67},[49,29435,29436],{"class":71},"third",[49,29438,68],{"class":67},[49,29440,77],{"class":63},[49,29442,87],{"class":67},[49,29444,29445],{"class":71},"read book",[49,29447,301],{"class":67},[49,29449,29450],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,29451,100],{"class":63},[49,29453,29454],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,29455,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,29457,29458,29461,29464],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,29459,29460],{"class":973},"while",[49,29462,29463],{"class":55}," tasks",[49,29465,6067],{"class":63},[49,29467,29468,29471,29473,29475,29477,29479,29481,29483],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,29469,29470],{"class":55},"    key",[49,29472,84],{"class":63},[49,29474,21068],{"class":55},[49,29476,60],{"class":59},[49,29478,29463],{"class":55},[49,29480,109],{"class":63},[49,29482,28034],{"class":112},[49,29484,116],{"class":63},[49,29486,29487,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,29488,7742],{"class":122},[49,29490,126],{"class":63},[49,29492,21778],{"class":1734},[49,29494,68],{"class":71},[49,29496,8949],{"class":80},[49,29498,14320],{"class":112},[49,29500,21787],{"class":80},[49,29502,21790],{"class":71},[49,29504,8949],{"class":80},[49,29506,2142],{"class":112},[49,29508,21787],{"class":80},[49,29510,68],{"class":71},[49,29512,335],{"class":63},[20,29514,29515],{},[30,29516,29517],{},"Possible output:",[40,29519,29521],{"className":42,"code":29520,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29522,29523,29532,29541],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29524,29525,29527,29529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29526,29436],{"class":55},[49,29528,77],{"class":63},[49,29530,29531],{"class":55}," read book\n",[49,29533,29534,29536,29538],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29535,29416],{"class":55},[49,29537,77],{"class":63},[49,29539,29540],{"class":55}," do homework\n",[49,29542,29543,29545,29547],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,29544,29396],{"class":55},[49,29546,77],{"class":63},[49,29548,29549],{"class":55}," wash dishes\n",[20,29551,28548,29552,29554],{},[15,29553,1578],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[35,29556,1376],{"id":1375},[20,29558,14212,29559,77],{},[15,29560,1578],{},[155,29562,29563,29577,29596,29607],{},[158,29564,29565,29570],{},[30,29566,29137,29567,29569],{},[15,29568,1578],{}," on an empty dictionary",[155,29571,29572],{},[158,29573,29574,29575,109],{},"This raises ",[15,29576,19170],{},[158,29578,29579,29584],{},[30,29580,1392,29581,29583],{},[15,29582,1578],{}," to remove a specific key",[155,29585,29586,29589],{},[158,29587,29588],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[158,29590,1762,29591,29595],{},[72,29592,29593],{"href":1354},[15,29594,1570],{}," if you need that.",[158,29597,29598,29602],{},[30,29599,4378,29600,27186],{},[15,29601,1578],{},[155,29603,29604],{},[158,29605,29606],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[158,29608,29609,29612],{},[30,29610,29611],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[155,29613,29614],{},[158,29615,29616,21459,29618,29620],{},[15,29617,1578],{},[15,29619,21139],{}," tuple.",[20,29622,29623],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[40,29625,29627],{"className":42,"code":29626,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29628,29629,29639,29653,29657,29671],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29630,29631,29633,29635,29637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29632,123],{"class":122},[49,29634,126],{"class":63},[49,29636,199],{"class":112},[49,29638,335],{"class":63},[49,29640,29641,29643,29645,29647,29649,29651],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29642,123],{"class":122},[49,29644,126],{"class":63},[49,29646,10824],{"class":122},[49,29648,126],{"class":63},[49,29650,199],{"class":112},[49,29652,1436],{"class":63},[49,29654,29655],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,29656,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,29658,29659,29661,29663,29665,29667,29669],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,29660,28025],{"class":55},[49,29662,60],{"class":59},[49,29664,539],{"class":55},[49,29666,109],{"class":63},[49,29668,28034],{"class":112},[49,29670,116],{"class":63},[49,29672,29673,29675,29677,29679],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,29674,123],{"class":122},[49,29676,126],{"class":63},[49,29678,22795],{"class":112},[49,29680,335],{"class":63},[20,29682,29683],{},"Or with unpacking:",[40,29685,29687],{"className":42,"code":29686,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29688,29689,29707,29717],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29690,29691,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701,29703,29705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29692,14320],{"class":55},[49,29694,84],{"class":63},[49,29696,21068],{"class":55},[49,29698,60],{"class":59},[49,29700,539],{"class":55},[49,29702,109],{"class":63},[49,29704,28034],{"class":112},[49,29706,116],{"class":63},[49,29708,29709,29711,29713,29715],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29710,123],{"class":122},[49,29712,126],{"class":63},[49,29714,14320],{"class":112},[49,29716,335],{"class":63},[49,29718,29719,29721,29723,29725],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,29720,123],{"class":122},[49,29722,126],{"class":63},[49,29724,2142],{"class":112},[49,29726,335],{"class":63},[35,29728,1498],{"id":1497},[591,29730,1512,29732,4818],{"id":29731},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29733,1578],{},[20,29735,29736,29737,109],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29738,29739],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[591,29741,1502,29743,29745],{"id":29742},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29744,1578],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29747,29748],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[591,29750,29752,29753,29755],{"id":29751},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29754,1578],{}," removes?",[20,29757,29758,29759,29763],{},"No. Use ",[72,29760,29761],{"href":1354},[15,29762,1570],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[591,29765,1502,29767,14375],{"id":29766},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29768,1578],{},[20,29770,29771],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[591,29773,29775,29776,29778],{"id":29774},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29777,1578],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29780,29781,29782,29784,29785,109],{},"It raises ",[15,29783,19170],{}," with the message ",[15,29786,29184],{},[35,29788,1550],{"id":1549},[155,29790,29791,29798,29804,29810,29816,29823,29827,29831],{},[158,29792,29793],{},[72,29794,29795,29797],{"href":1354},[15,29796,1570],{}," method for dictionaries",[158,29799,29800],{},[72,29801,29802,29797],{"href":16556},[15,29803,16559],{},[158,29805,29806],{},[72,29807,29808,29797],{"href":16543},[15,29809,16546],{},[158,29811,29812],{},[72,29813,29814,29797],{"href":16549},[15,29815,16552],{},[158,29817,29818],{},[72,29819,29821,29797],{"href":29820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29822,17],{},[158,29824,29825],{},[72,29826,1595],{"href":1361},[158,29828,29829],{},[72,29830,20941],{"href":16077},[158,29832,29833],{},[72,29834,29835,29836],{"href":29348},"Fix ",[15,29837,29351],{},[1597,29839,29840],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":29842},[29843,29844,29846,29847,29848,29849,29850,29851,29856,29861,29863,29864,29876],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":28121,"depth":103,"text":29845},"What popitem() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":28191,"depth":103,"text":28192},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":28544,"depth":103,"text":28545},{"id":28736,"depth":103,"text":28737},{"id":28864,"depth":103,"text":29852,"children":29853},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29854,29855],{"id":28034,"depth":119,"text":1578},{"id":25727,"depth":119,"text":1570},{"id":29133,"depth":103,"text":29134,"children":29857},[29858,29859],{"id":29190,"depth":119,"text":29191},{"id":29265,"depth":119,"text":29860},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29354,"depth":103,"text":29862},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":29865},[29866,29868,29870,29872,29874],{"id":29731,"depth":119,"text":29867},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29742,"depth":119,"text":29869},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29751,"depth":119,"text":29871},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29766,"depth":119,"text":29873},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29774,"depth":119,"text":29875},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27860,"description":29877},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29884,"title":29885,"body":29886,"description":31789,"extension":1632,"meta":31790,"navigation":312,"path":13511,"seo":31791,"stem":31792,"__hash__":31793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29887,"toc":31761},[29888,29893,29898,29901,29903,30000,30005,30010,30015,30018,30026,30029,30044,30046,30146,30148,30205,30209,30211,30214,30234,30239,30250,30253,30280,30283,30285,30342,30344,30365,30371,30376,30379,30390,30392,30500,30502,30555,30557,30569,30576,30582,30587,30590,30678,30680,30725,30728,30736,30739,30742,30811,30814,30817,30821,30824,30895,30897,30950,30953,30956,30959,30974,30977,30989,30992,31055,31057,31063,31065,31067,31146,31148,31189,31191,31256,31258,31295,31300,31305,31309,31323,31326,31449,31451,31536,31541,31543,31547,31569,31572,31652,31655,31674,31679,31681,31687,31692,31698,31701,31707,31710,31716,31721,31727,31733,31735,31758],[10,29889,13,29891,18],{"id":29890},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29892,14433],{},[20,29894,150,29895,29897],{},[15,29896,14433],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29899,29900],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[35,29902,38],{"id":37},[40,29904,29906],{"className":42,"code":29905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29907,29908,29944,29985,29995],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29909,29910,29912,29914,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930,29932,29934,29936,29938,29940,29942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29911,12682],{"class":55},[49,29913,60],{"class":59},[49,29915,64],{"class":63},[49,29917,68],{"class":67},[49,29919,251],{"class":71},[49,29921,68],{"class":67},[49,29923,77],{"class":63},[49,29925,87],{"class":67},[49,29927,12357],{"class":71},[49,29929,68],{"class":67},[49,29931,84],{"class":63},[49,29933,87],{"class":67},[49,29935,272],{"class":71},[49,29937,68],{"class":67},[49,29939,77],{"class":63},[49,29941,7462],{"class":80},[49,29943,100],{"class":63},[49,29945,29946,29948,29950,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961,29963,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,29947,16788],{"class":55},[49,29949,109],{"class":63},[49,29951,29952],{"class":112},"update",[49,29954,5202],{"class":63},[49,29956,68],{"class":67},[49,29958,272],{"class":71},[49,29960,68],{"class":67},[49,29962,77],{"class":63},[49,29964,29965],{"class":80}," 21",[49,29967,84],{"class":63},[49,29969,87],{"class":67},[49,29971,289],{"class":71},[49,29973,68],{"class":67},[49,29975,77],{"class":63},[49,29977,87],{"class":67},[49,29979,15511],{"class":71},[49,29981,68],{"class":67},[49,29983,29984],{"class":63},"})\n",[49,29986,29987,29989,29991,29993],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,29988,123],{"class":122},[49,29990,126],{"class":63},[49,29992,16788],{"class":112},[49,29994,335],{"class":63},[49,29996,29997],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,29998,29999],{"class":134},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30001,1762,30002,30004],{},[15,30003,14433],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[35,30006,144,30008,147],{"id":30007},"what-update-does",[15,30009,14433],{},[20,30011,30012,30014],{},[15,30013,14433],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30016,30017],{},"It can do two main things:",[155,30019,30020,30023],{},[158,30021,30022],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[158,30024,30025],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30027,30028],{},"Important things to know:",[155,30030,30031,30034,30037,30041],{},[158,30032,30033],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[158,30035,30036],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[158,30038,1518,30039],{},[15,30040,169],{},[158,30042,30043],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30045,1244],{},[40,30047,30049],{"className":42,"code":30048,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30050,30051,30093,30136],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30052,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30089,30091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30054,12340],{"class":55},[49,30056,60],{"class":59},[49,30058,64],{"class":63},[49,30060,68],{"class":67},[49,30062,251],{"class":71},[49,30064,68],{"class":67},[49,30066,77],{"class":63},[49,30068,87],{"class":67},[49,30070,30071],{"class":71},"Mira",[49,30073,68],{"class":67},[49,30075,84],{"class":63},[49,30077,87],{"class":67},[49,30079,19374],{"class":71},[49,30081,68],{"class":67},[49,30083,77],{"class":63},[49,30085,87],{"class":67},[49,30087,30088],{"class":71},"B",[49,30090,68],{"class":67},[49,30092,100],{"class":63},[49,30094,30095,30097,30099,30101,30103,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115,30117,30119,30121,30123,30125,30127,30129,30132,30134],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,30096,13104],{"class":55},[49,30098,109],{"class":63},[49,30100,29952],{"class":112},[49,30102,5202],{"class":63},[49,30104,68],{"class":67},[49,30106,19374],{"class":71},[49,30108,68],{"class":67},[49,30110,77],{"class":63},[49,30112,87],{"class":67},[49,30114,21729],{"class":71},[49,30116,68],{"class":67},[49,30118,84],{"class":63},[49,30120,87],{"class":67},[49,30122,289],{"class":71},[49,30124,68],{"class":67},[49,30126,77],{"class":63},[49,30128,87],{"class":67},[49,30130,30131],{"class":71},"Quito",[49,30133,68],{"class":67},[49,30135,29984],{"class":63},[49,30137,30138,30140,30142,30144],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,30139,123],{"class":122},[49,30141,126],{"class":63},[49,30143,13104],{"class":112},[49,30145,335],{"class":63},[20,30147,573],{},[40,30149,30151],{"className":42,"code":30150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30152,30153],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30154,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30156,8949],{"class":63},[49,30158,397],{"class":67},[49,30160,251],{"class":71},[49,30162,397],{"class":67},[49,30164,77],{"class":63},[49,30166,406],{"class":67},[49,30168,30071],{"class":71},[49,30170,397],{"class":67},[49,30172,84],{"class":63},[49,30174,406],{"class":67},[49,30176,19374],{"class":71},[49,30178,397],{"class":67},[49,30180,77],{"class":63},[49,30182,406],{"class":67},[49,30184,21729],{"class":71},[49,30186,397],{"class":67},[49,30188,84],{"class":63},[49,30190,406],{"class":67},[49,30192,289],{"class":71},[49,30194,397],{"class":67},[49,30196,77],{"class":63},[49,30198,406],{"class":67},[49,30200,30131],{"class":71},[49,30202,397],{"class":67},[49,30204,100],{"class":63},[20,30206,181,30207,109],{},[72,30208,24113],{"href":1561},[35,30210,189],{"id":188},[20,30212,30213],{},"The basic form is:",[40,30215,30217],{"className":42,"code":30216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30218,30219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30220,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229,30232],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30222,15084],{"class":55},[49,30224,109],{"class":63},[49,30226,29952],{"class":112},[49,30228,126],{"class":63},[49,30230,30231],{"class":112},"other",[49,30233,335],{"class":63},[20,30235,30236,30238],{},[15,30237,30231],{}," can be:",[155,30240,30241,30244,30247],{},[158,30242,30243],{},"Another dictionary",[158,30245,30246],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[158,30248,30249],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30251,30252],{},"You can also use:",[40,30254,30256],{"className":42,"code":30255,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30257,30258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30259,30260,30262,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30261,15084],{"class":55},[49,30263,109],{"class":63},[49,30265,29952],{"class":112},[49,30267,126],{"class":63},[49,30269,251],{"class":8847},[49,30271,60],{"class":59},[49,30273,68],{"class":67},[49,30275,7348],{"class":71},[49,30277,68],{"class":67},[49,30279,335],{"class":63},[20,30281,30282],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30284,1244],{},[40,30286,30288],{"className":42,"code":30287,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30289,30290,30310,30332],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30291,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30293,56],{"class":55},[49,30295,60],{"class":59},[49,30297,64],{"class":63},[49,30299,68],{"class":67},[49,30301,72],{"class":71},[49,30303,68],{"class":67},[49,30305,77],{"class":63},[49,30307,81],{"class":80},[49,30309,100],{"class":63},[49,30311,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,30313,106],{"class":55},[49,30315,109],{"class":63},[49,30317,29952],{"class":112},[49,30319,5202],{"class":63},[49,30321,68],{"class":67},[49,30323,72],{"class":71},[49,30325,68],{"class":67},[49,30327,77],{"class":63},[49,30329,5677],{"class":80},[49,30331,29984],{"class":63},[49,30333,30334,30336,30338,30340],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,30335,123],{"class":122},[49,30337,126],{"class":63},[49,30339,106],{"class":112},[49,30341,335],{"class":63},[20,30343,573],{},[40,30345,30347],{"className":42,"code":30346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30348,30349],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30350,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30352,8949],{"class":63},[49,30354,397],{"class":67},[49,30356,72],{"class":71},[49,30358,397],{"class":67},[49,30360,77],{"class":63},[49,30362,5677],{"class":80},[49,30364,100],{"class":63},[35,30366,8092,30368,30370],{"id":30367},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30369,14433],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30372,30373,30374,109],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30375,14433],{},[20,30377,30378],{},"It is useful when:",[155,30380,30381,30384,30387],{},[158,30382,30383],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[158,30385,30386],{},"Adding extra settings",[158,30388,30389],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30391,1244],{},[40,30393,30395],{"className":42,"code":30394,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30396,30397,30434,30471,30475,30490],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30398,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30429,30432],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30400,13304],{"class":55},[49,30402,60],{"class":59},[49,30404,64],{"class":63},[49,30406,68],{"class":67},[49,30408,1281],{"class":71},[49,30410,68],{"class":67},[49,30412,77],{"class":63},[49,30414,87],{"class":67},[49,30416,20411],{"class":71},[49,30418,68],{"class":67},[49,30420,84],{"class":63},[49,30422,87],{"class":67},[49,30424,13329],{"class":71},[49,30426,68],{"class":67},[49,30428,77],{"class":63},[49,30430,30431],{"class":80}," 12",[49,30433,100],{"class":63},[49,30435,30436,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,30437,30438],{"class":55},"new_settings ",[49,30440,60],{"class":59},[49,30442,64],{"class":63},[49,30444,68],{"class":67},[49,30446,13329],{"class":71},[49,30448,68],{"class":67},[49,30450,77],{"class":63},[49,30452,13336],{"class":80},[49,30454,84],{"class":63},[49,30456,87],{"class":67},[49,30458,19606],{"class":71},[49,30460,68],{"class":67},[49,30462,77],{"class":63},[49,30464,87],{"class":67},[49,30466,19640],{"class":71},[49,30468,68],{"class":67},[49,30470,100],{"class":63},[49,30472,30473],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,30474,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,30476,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30488],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,30478,13363],{"class":55},[49,30480,109],{"class":63},[49,30482,29952],{"class":112},[49,30484,126],{"class":63},[49,30486,30487],{"class":112},"new_settings",[49,30489,335],{"class":63},[49,30491,30492,30494,30496,30498],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,30493,123],{"class":122},[49,30495,126],{"class":63},[49,30497,13363],{"class":112},[49,30499,335],{"class":63},[20,30501,573],{},[40,30503,30505],{"className":42,"code":30504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30506,30507],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30508,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30510,8949],{"class":63},[49,30512,397],{"class":67},[49,30514,1281],{"class":71},[49,30516,397],{"class":67},[49,30518,77],{"class":63},[49,30520,406],{"class":67},[49,30522,20411],{"class":71},[49,30524,397],{"class":67},[49,30526,84],{"class":63},[49,30528,406],{"class":67},[49,30530,13329],{"class":71},[49,30532,397],{"class":67},[49,30534,77],{"class":63},[49,30536,13336],{"class":80},[49,30538,84],{"class":63},[49,30540,406],{"class":67},[49,30542,19606],{"class":71},[49,30544,397],{"class":67},[49,30546,77],{"class":63},[49,30548,406],{"class":67},[49,30550,19640],{"class":71},[49,30552,397],{"class":67},[49,30554,100],{"class":63},[20,30556,12887],{},[155,30558,30559,30564],{},[158,30560,30561,30563],{},[15,30562,13329],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[158,30565,30566,30568],{},[15,30567,19606],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30570,30571,30572,109],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[72,30573,30575],{"href":30574},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[35,30577,8092,30579,30581],{"id":30578},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30580,14433],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30583,30584,30586],{},[15,30585,14433],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30588,30589],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[40,30591,30593],{"className":42,"code":30592,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30594,30595,30615,30650,30654,30668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30596,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30598,4737],{"class":55},[49,30600,60],{"class":59},[49,30602,64],{"class":63},[49,30604,68],{"class":67},[49,30606,17899],{"class":71},[49,30608,68],{"class":67},[49,30610,77],{"class":63},[49,30612,19381],{"class":80},[49,30614,100],{"class":63},[49,30616,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30642,30644,30646,30648],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,30618,8886],{"class":55},[49,30620,60],{"class":59},[49,30622,8891],{"class":63},[49,30624,68],{"class":67},[49,30626,17908],{"class":71},[49,30628,68],{"class":67},[49,30630,84],{"class":63},[49,30632,12985],{"class":80},[49,30634,8904],{"class":63},[49,30636,8907],{"class":63},[49,30638,68],{"class":67},[49,30640,30641],{"class":71},"english",[49,30643,68],{"class":67},[49,30645,84],{"class":63},[49,30647,28407],{"class":80},[49,30649,8920],{"class":63},[49,30651,30652],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,30653,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,30655,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,30657,15869],{"class":55},[49,30659,109],{"class":63},[49,30661,29952],{"class":112},[49,30663,126],{"class":63},[49,30665,8933],{"class":112},[49,30667,335],{"class":63},[49,30669,30670,30672,30674,30676],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,30671,123],{"class":122},[49,30673,126],{"class":63},[49,30675,15869],{"class":112},[49,30677,335],{"class":63},[20,30679,573],{},[40,30681,30683],{"className":42,"code":30682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30684,30685],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30686,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30688,8949],{"class":63},[49,30690,397],{"class":67},[49,30692,17899],{"class":71},[49,30694,397],{"class":67},[49,30696,77],{"class":63},[49,30698,19381],{"class":80},[49,30700,84],{"class":63},[49,30702,406],{"class":67},[49,30704,17908],{"class":71},[49,30706,397],{"class":67},[49,30708,77],{"class":63},[49,30710,12985],{"class":80},[49,30712,84],{"class":63},[49,30714,406],{"class":67},[49,30716,30641],{"class":71},[49,30718,397],{"class":67},[49,30720,77],{"class":63},[49,30722,28407],{"class":80},[49,30724,100],{"class":63},[20,30726,30727],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[155,30729,30730,30733],{},[158,30731,30732],{},"The key",[158,30734,30735],{},"The value",[20,30737,30738],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30740,30741],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[40,30743,30745],{"className":42,"code":30744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30746,30747,30767,30792,30796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30748,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30750,56],{"class":55},[49,30752,60],{"class":59},[49,30754,64],{"class":63},[49,30756,68],{"class":67},[49,30758,72],{"class":71},[49,30760,68],{"class":67},[49,30762,77],{"class":63},[49,30764,81],{"class":80},[49,30766,100],{"class":63},[49,30768,30769,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,30770,30771],{"class":55},"bad_pairs ",[49,30773,60],{"class":59},[49,30775,8891],{"class":63},[49,30777,68],{"class":67},[49,30779,90],{"class":71},[49,30781,68],{"class":67},[49,30783,84],{"class":63},[49,30785,97],{"class":80},[49,30787,84],{"class":63},[49,30789,2120],{"class":80},[49,30791,8920],{"class":63},[49,30793,30794],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,30795,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,30797,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30809],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,30799,106],{"class":55},[49,30801,109],{"class":63},[49,30803,29952],{"class":112},[49,30805,126],{"class":63},[49,30807,30808],{"class":112},"bad_pairs",[49,30810,335],{"class":63},[20,30812,30813],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30815,30816],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[35,30818,30820],{"id":30819},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30822,30823],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[40,30825,30827],{"className":42,"code":30826,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30828,30829,30853,30885],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30830,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30832,238],{"class":55},[49,30834,60],{"class":59},[49,30836,64],{"class":63},[49,30838,68],{"class":67},[49,30840,251],{"class":71},[49,30842,68],{"class":67},[49,30844,77],{"class":63},[49,30846,87],{"class":67},[49,30848,28400],{"class":71},[49,30850,68],{"class":67},[49,30852,100],{"class":63},[49,30854,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30874,30876,30878,30881,30883],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,30856,346],{"class":55},[49,30858,109],{"class":63},[49,30860,29952],{"class":112},[49,30862,126],{"class":63},[49,30864,272],{"class":8847},[49,30866,60],{"class":59},[49,30868,8865],{"class":80},[49,30870,84],{"class":63},[49,30872,30873],{"class":8847}," city",[49,30875,60],{"class":59},[49,30877,68],{"class":67},[49,30879,30880],{"class":71},"Madrid",[49,30882,68],{"class":67},[49,30884,335],{"class":63},[49,30886,30887,30889,30891,30893],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,30888,123],{"class":122},[49,30890,126],{"class":63},[49,30892,346],{"class":112},[49,30894,335],{"class":63},[20,30896,573],{},[40,30898,30900],{"className":42,"code":30899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30901,30902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30903,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30905,8949],{"class":63},[49,30907,397],{"class":67},[49,30909,251],{"class":71},[49,30911,397],{"class":67},[49,30913,77],{"class":63},[49,30915,406],{"class":67},[49,30917,28400],{"class":71},[49,30919,397],{"class":67},[49,30921,84],{"class":63},[49,30923,406],{"class":67},[49,30925,272],{"class":71},[49,30927,397],{"class":67},[49,30929,77],{"class":63},[49,30931,279],{"class":80},[49,30933,84],{"class":63},[49,30935,406],{"class":67},[49,30937,289],{"class":71},[49,30939,397],{"class":67},[49,30941,77],{"class":63},[49,30943,406],{"class":67},[49,30945,30880],{"class":71},[49,30947,397],{"class":67},[49,30949,100],{"class":63},[20,30951,30952],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,30954,30955],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,30957,30958],{},"These work:",[155,30960,30961,30965,30969],{},[158,30962,30963],{},[15,30964,272],{},[158,30966,30967],{},[15,30968,289],{},[158,30970,30971],{},[15,30972,30973],{},"first_name",[20,30975,30976],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[155,30978,30979,30984],{},[158,30980,30981],{},[15,30982,30983],{},"\"first name\"",[158,30985,30986],{},[15,30987,30988],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,30990,30991],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[40,30993,30995],{"className":42,"code":30994,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,30996,30997,31005,31045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30998,30999,31001,31003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31000,238],{"class":55},[49,31002,60],{"class":59},[49,31004,450],{"class":63},[49,31006,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31036,31038,31040,31043],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31008,346],{"class":55},[49,31010,109],{"class":63},[49,31012,29952],{"class":112},[49,31014,5202],{"class":63},[49,31016,68],{"class":67},[49,31018,10176],{"class":71},[49,31020,68],{"class":67},[49,31022,77],{"class":63},[49,31024,87],{"class":67},[49,31026,28400],{"class":71},[49,31028,68],{"class":67},[49,31030,84],{"class":63},[49,31032,87],{"class":67},[49,31034,31035],{"class":71},"user-id",[49,31037,68],{"class":67},[49,31039,77],{"class":63},[49,31041,31042],{"class":80}," 1001",[49,31044,29984],{"class":63},[49,31046,31047,31049,31051,31053],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,31048,123],{"class":122},[49,31050,126],{"class":63},[49,31052,346],{"class":112},[49,31054,335],{"class":63},[35,31056,16900],{"id":16899},[20,31058,31059,480,31061,109],{},[15,31060,14433],{},[15,31062,169],{},[20,31064,13527],{},[20,31066,24193],{},[40,31068,31070],{"className":42,"code":31069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31071,31072,31096,31122,31126,31136],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31073,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31075,12682],{"class":55},[49,31077,60],{"class":59},[49,31079,64],{"class":63},[49,31081,68],{"class":67},[49,31083,251],{"class":71},[49,31085,68],{"class":67},[49,31087,77],{"class":63},[49,31089,87],{"class":67},[49,31091,12357],{"class":71},[49,31093,68],{"class":67},[49,31095,100],{"class":63},[49,31097,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31099,534],{"class":55},[49,31101,60],{"class":59},[49,31103,12725],{"class":55},[49,31105,109],{"class":63},[49,31107,29952],{"class":112},[49,31109,5202],{"class":63},[49,31111,68],{"class":67},[49,31113,272],{"class":71},[49,31115,68],{"class":67},[49,31117,77],{"class":63},[49,31119,7462],{"class":80},[49,31121,29984],{"class":63},[49,31123,31124],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,31125,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,31127,31128,31130,31132,31134],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,31129,123],{"class":122},[49,31131,126],{"class":63},[49,31133,558],{"class":112},[49,31135,335],{"class":63},[49,31137,31138,31140,31142,31144],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,31139,123],{"class":122},[49,31141,126],{"class":63},[49,31143,16788],{"class":112},[49,31145,335],{"class":63},[20,31147,573],{},[40,31149,31151],{"className":42,"code":31150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31152,31153,31157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31154,31155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31156,584],{"class":583},[49,31158,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31160,8949],{"class":63},[49,31162,397],{"class":67},[49,31164,251],{"class":71},[49,31166,397],{"class":67},[49,31168,77],{"class":63},[49,31170,406],{"class":67},[49,31172,12357],{"class":71},[49,31174,397],{"class":67},[49,31176,84],{"class":63},[49,31178,406],{"class":67},[49,31180,272],{"class":71},[49,31182,397],{"class":67},[49,31184,77],{"class":63},[49,31186,7462],{"class":80},[49,31188,100],{"class":63},[20,31190,16136],{},[40,31192,31194],{"className":42,"code":31193,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31195,31196,31220,31242,31246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31197,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31199,12682],{"class":55},[49,31201,60],{"class":59},[49,31203,64],{"class":63},[49,31205,68],{"class":67},[49,31207,251],{"class":71},[49,31209,68],{"class":67},[49,31211,77],{"class":63},[49,31213,87],{"class":67},[49,31215,12357],{"class":71},[49,31217,68],{"class":67},[49,31219,100],{"class":63},[49,31221,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31223,16788],{"class":55},[49,31225,109],{"class":63},[49,31227,29952],{"class":112},[49,31229,5202],{"class":63},[49,31231,68],{"class":67},[49,31233,272],{"class":71},[49,31235,68],{"class":67},[49,31237,77],{"class":63},[49,31239,7462],{"class":80},[49,31241,29984],{"class":63},[49,31243,31244],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,31245,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,31247,31248,31250,31252,31254],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,31249,123],{"class":122},[49,31251,126],{"class":63},[49,31253,16788],{"class":112},[49,31255,335],{"class":63},[20,31257,573],{},[40,31259,31261],{"className":42,"code":31260,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31262,31263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31264,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31266,8949],{"class":63},[49,31268,397],{"class":67},[49,31270,251],{"class":71},[49,31272,397],{"class":67},[49,31274,77],{"class":63},[49,31276,406],{"class":67},[49,31278,12357],{"class":71},[49,31280,397],{"class":67},[49,31282,84],{"class":63},[49,31284,406],{"class":67},[49,31286,272],{"class":71},[49,31288,397],{"class":67},[49,31290,77],{"class":63},[49,31292,7462],{"class":80},[49,31294,100],{"class":63},[20,31296,31297,31298,109],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[72,31299,17386],{"href":10395},[35,31301,1223,31303],{"id":31302},"when-to-use-update",[15,31304,14433],{},[20,31306,1762,31307,10265],{},[15,31308,14433],{},[155,31310,31311,31314,31317,31320],{},[158,31312,31313],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[158,31315,31316],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[158,31318,31319],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[158,31321,31322],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31324,31325],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[40,31327,31329],{"className":42,"code":31328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31330,31331,31367,31382,31386,31425,31429,31439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31332,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31334,865],{"class":55},[49,31336,60],{"class":59},[49,31338,64],{"class":63},[49,31340,68],{"class":67},[49,31342,251],{"class":71},[49,31344,68],{"class":67},[49,31346,77],{"class":63},[49,31348,87],{"class":67},[49,31350,12357],{"class":71},[49,31352,68],{"class":67},[49,31354,84],{"class":63},[49,31356,87],{"class":67},[49,31358,272],{"class":71},[49,31360,68],{"class":67},[49,31362,77],{"class":63},[49,31364,7462],{"class":80},[49,31366,100],{"class":63},[49,31368,31369,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31370,31371],{"class":55},"updated ",[49,31373,60],{"class":59},[49,31375,940],{"class":55},[49,31377,109],{"class":63},[49,31379,12388],{"class":112},[49,31381,116],{"class":63},[49,31383,31384],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,31385,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,31387,31388,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,31389,31390],{"class":55},"updated",[49,31392,109],{"class":63},[49,31394,29952],{"class":112},[49,31396,5202],{"class":63},[49,31398,68],{"class":67},[49,31400,272],{"class":71},[49,31402,68],{"class":67},[49,31404,77],{"class":63},[49,31406,29965],{"class":80},[49,31408,84],{"class":63},[49,31410,87],{"class":67},[49,31412,289],{"class":71},[49,31414,68],{"class":67},[49,31416,77],{"class":63},[49,31418,87],{"class":67},[49,31420,15511],{"class":71},[49,31422,68],{"class":67},[49,31424,29984],{"class":63},[49,31426,31427],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,31428,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,31430,31431,31433,31435,31437],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,31432,123],{"class":122},[49,31434,126],{"class":63},[49,31436,912],{"class":112},[49,31438,335],{"class":63},[49,31440,31441,31443,31445,31447],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,31442,123],{"class":122},[49,31444,126],{"class":63},[49,31446,31390],{"class":112},[49,31448,335],{"class":63},[20,31450,573],{},[40,31452,31454],{"className":42,"code":31453,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31455,31456,31488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31457,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31459,8949],{"class":63},[49,31461,397],{"class":67},[49,31463,251],{"class":71},[49,31465,397],{"class":67},[49,31467,77],{"class":63},[49,31469,406],{"class":67},[49,31471,12357],{"class":71},[49,31473,397],{"class":67},[49,31475,84],{"class":63},[49,31477,406],{"class":67},[49,31479,272],{"class":71},[49,31481,397],{"class":67},[49,31483,77],{"class":63},[49,31485,7462],{"class":80},[49,31487,100],{"class":63},[49,31489,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31491,8949],{"class":63},[49,31493,397],{"class":67},[49,31495,251],{"class":71},[49,31497,397],{"class":67},[49,31499,77],{"class":63},[49,31501,406],{"class":67},[49,31503,12357],{"class":71},[49,31505,397],{"class":67},[49,31507,84],{"class":63},[49,31509,406],{"class":67},[49,31511,272],{"class":71},[49,31513,397],{"class":67},[49,31515,77],{"class":63},[49,31517,29965],{"class":80},[49,31519,84],{"class":63},[49,31521,406],{"class":67},[49,31523,289],{"class":71},[49,31525,397],{"class":67},[49,31527,77],{"class":63},[49,31529,406],{"class":67},[49,31531,15511],{"class":71},[49,31533,397],{"class":67},[49,31535,100],{"class":63},[20,31537,31538,31539,109],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[72,31540,16078],{"href":16077},[35,31542,1376],{"id":1375},[20,31544,1379,31545,77],{},[15,31546,14433],{},[155,31548,31549,31556,31560,31563,31566],{},[158,31550,1386,31551,31553,31554],{},[15,31552,14433],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31555,169],{},[158,31557,1392,31558,1395],{},[15,31559,14433],{},[158,31561,31562],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[158,31564,31565],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[158,31567,31568],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31570,31571],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[40,31573,31575],{"className":42,"code":31574,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31576,31577,31587,31601,31615,31637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31578,31579,31581,31583,31585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31580,123],{"class":122},[49,31582,126],{"class":63},[49,31584,199],{"class":112},[49,31586,335],{"class":63},[49,31588,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31590,123],{"class":122},[49,31592,126],{"class":63},[49,31594,1429],{"class":1428},[49,31596,126],{"class":63},[49,31598,106],{"class":112},[49,31600,1436],{"class":63},[49,31602,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,31604,123],{"class":122},[49,31606,126],{"class":63},[49,31608,7767],{"class":1428},[49,31610,126],{"class":63},[49,31612,106],{"class":112},[49,31614,1436],{"class":63},[49,31616,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,31618,123],{"class":122},[49,31620,126],{"class":63},[49,31622,199],{"class":112},[49,31624,109],{"class":63},[49,31626,19233],{"class":112},[49,31628,126],{"class":63},[49,31630,397],{"class":67},[49,31632,14320],{"class":71},[49,31634,397],{"class":67},[49,31636,1436],{"class":63},[49,31638,31639,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,31640,31641],{"class":122},"help",[49,31643,126],{"class":63},[49,31645,8496],{"class":1428},[49,31647,109],{"class":63},[49,31649,29952],{"class":24235},[49,31651,335],{"class":63},[20,31653,31654],{},"These can help you check:",[155,31656,31657,31660,31665,31668,31671],{},[158,31658,31659],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[158,31661,31662,31663],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31664,14433],{},[158,31666,31667],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[158,31669,31670],{},"Whether a key exists",[158,31672,31673],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31675,31676,31677,109],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[72,31678,10924],{"href":10736},[35,31680,1498],{"id":1497},[591,31682,1502,31684,31686],{"id":31683},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31685,14433],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31688,31689,31690,109],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31691,169],{},[591,31693,1502,31695,31697],{"id":31694},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31696,14433],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31699,31700],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[591,31702,4842,31704,31706],{"id":31703},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31705,14433],{}," add new keys?",[20,31708,31709],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[591,31711,27815,31713,31715],{"id":31712},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31714,14433],{}," with a list?",[20,31717,31718,31719,109],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31720,10757],{},[591,31722,1524,31724,31726],{"id":31723},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31725,14433],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31728,31729,31730,31732],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31731,14433],{}," can change many keys at once.",[35,31734,1550],{"id":1549},[155,31736,31737,31741,31745,31750,31754],{},[158,31738,31739],{},[72,31740,25581],{"href":1561},[158,31742,31743],{},[72,31744,10913],{"href":10395},[158,31746,31747],{},[72,31748,31749],{"href":30574},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[158,31751,31752],{},[72,31753,20941],{"href":16077},[158,31755,31756],{},[72,31757,10924],{"href":10736},[1597,31759,31760],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":31762},[31763,31764,31766,31767,31769,31771,31772,31773,31775,31776,31788],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":30007,"depth":103,"text":31765},"What update() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":30367,"depth":103,"text":31768},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30578,"depth":103,"text":31770},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30819,"depth":103,"text":30820},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":31302,"depth":103,"text":31774},"When to use update()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":31777},[31778,31780,31782,31784,31786],{"id":31683,"depth":119,"text":31779},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31694,"depth":119,"text":31781},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31703,"depth":119,"text":31783},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31712,"depth":119,"text":31785},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31723,"depth":119,"text":31787},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29885,"description":31789},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31795,"title":31796,"body":31797,"description":33786,"extension":1632,"meta":33787,"navigation":312,"path":22379,"seo":33788,"stem":33789,"__hash__":33790},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31798,"toc":33749},[31799,31804,31811,31814,31816,31915,31917,31972,31977,31982,31996,32001,32003,32018,32020,32034,32047,32052,32058,32065,32067,32174,32176,32225,32231,32306,32308,32329,32331,32334,32439,32441,32496,32498,32526,32530,32535,32614,32616,32636,32638,32649,32659,32663,32668,32772,32774,32799,32802,32813,32818,32827,32830,32847,32849,32936,32938,33001,33003,33026,33028,33033,33039,33044,33046,33085,33091,33094,33113,33124,33130,33133,33206,33208,33227,33232,33235,33258,33264,33267,33331,33334,33411,33418,33421,33480,33486,33488,33507,33511,33514,33565,33568,33588,33590,33651,33653,33658,33663,33668,33673,33678,33683,33689,33692,33701,33709,33711,33746],[10,31800,13,31802,18],{"id":31801},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31803,16552],{},[20,31805,31806,31807,31810],{},"The Python ",[15,31808,31809],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31812,31813],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[35,31815,38],{"id":37},[40,31817,31819],{"className":42,"code":31818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31820,31821,31873,31887,31891,31901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31822,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31824,12340],{"class":55},[49,31826,60],{"class":59},[49,31828,64],{"class":63},[49,31830,68],{"class":67},[49,31832,251],{"class":71},[49,31834,68],{"class":67},[49,31836,77],{"class":63},[49,31838,87],{"class":67},[49,31840,12357],{"class":71},[49,31842,68],{"class":67},[49,31844,84],{"class":63},[49,31846,87],{"class":67},[49,31848,272],{"class":71},[49,31850,68],{"class":67},[49,31852,77],{"class":63},[49,31854,7462],{"class":80},[49,31856,84],{"class":63},[49,31858,87],{"class":67},[49,31860,289],{"class":71},[49,31862,68],{"class":67},[49,31864,77],{"class":63},[49,31866,87],{"class":67},[49,31868,15511],{"class":71},[49,31870,68],{"class":67},[49,31872,100],{"class":63},[49,31874,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31876,3495],{"class":55},[49,31878,60],{"class":59},[49,31880,12383],{"class":55},[49,31882,109],{"class":63},[49,31884,5031],{"class":112},[49,31886,116],{"class":63},[49,31888,31889],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,31890,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,31892,31893,31895,31897,31899],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,31894,123],{"class":122},[49,31896,126],{"class":63},[49,31898,5031],{"class":112},[49,31900,335],{"class":63},[49,31902,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,31904,123],{"class":122},[49,31906,126],{"class":63},[49,31908,7767],{"class":1428},[49,31910,126],{"class":63},[49,31912,5031],{"class":112},[49,31914,1436],{"class":63},[20,31916,573],{},[40,31918,31920],{"className":42,"code":31919,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31921,31922,31948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31923,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31925,16518],{"class":112},[49,31927,2656],{"class":63},[49,31929,397],{"class":67},[49,31931,12357],{"class":71},[49,31933,397],{"class":67},[49,31935,84],{"class":63},[49,31937,7462],{"class":80},[49,31939,84],{"class":63},[49,31941,406],{"class":67},[49,31943,15511],{"class":71},[49,31945,397],{"class":67},[49,31947,3561],{"class":63},[49,31949,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,31951,3573],{"class":63},[49,31953,397],{"class":67},[49,31955,12357],{"class":71},[49,31957,397],{"class":67},[49,31959,84],{"class":63},[49,31961,7462],{"class":80},[49,31963,84],{"class":63},[49,31965,406],{"class":67},[49,31967,15511],{"class":71},[49,31969,397],{"class":67},[49,31971,3309],{"class":63},[20,31973,31974,31976],{},[15,31975,16552],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[35,31978,144,31980,147],{"id":31979},"what-values-does",[15,31981,16552],{},[155,31983,31984,31987,31990,31993],{},[158,31985,31986],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[158,31988,31989],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[158,31991,31992],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[158,31994,31995],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,31997,31998,31999,109],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[72,32000,9059],{"href":1561},[35,32002,189],{"id":188},[40,32004,32006],{"className":42,"code":32005,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32007,32008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32009,32010,32012,32014,32016],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32011,199],{"class":55},[49,32013,109],{"class":63},[49,32015,5031],{"class":112},[49,32017,116],{"class":63},[20,32019,12529],{},[155,32021,32022,32026,32029],{},[158,32023,32024,215],{},[15,32025,16552],{},[158,32027,32028],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[158,32030,32031,32032],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32033,16552],{},[20,32035,32036,32037,1017,32042,109],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[72,32038,32039,32041],{"href":16543},[15,32040,16546],{}," for dictionary keys",[72,32043,32044,32046],{"href":16556},[15,32045,16559],{}," for key-value pairs",[35,32048,144,32050,475],{"id":32049},"what-values-returns",[15,32051,16552],{},[20,32053,32054,21459,32056,24249],{},[15,32055,16552],{},[15,32057,16518],{},[20,32059,32060,32061,32064],{},"This object is a ",[30,32062,32063],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32066,1244],{},[40,32068,32070],{"className":42,"code":32069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32071,32072,32108,32112,32127,32138,32142,32164],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32073,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32075,12682],{"class":55},[49,32077,60],{"class":59},[49,32079,64],{"class":63},[49,32081,68],{"class":67},[49,32083,251],{"class":71},[49,32085,68],{"class":67},[49,32087,77],{"class":63},[49,32089,87],{"class":67},[49,32091,7594],{"class":71},[49,32093,68],{"class":67},[49,32095,84],{"class":63},[49,32097,87],{"class":67},[49,32099,272],{"class":71},[49,32101,68],{"class":67},[49,32103,77],{"class":63},[49,32105,279],{"class":80},[49,32107,100],{"class":63},[49,32109,32110],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32111,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32113,32114,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,32115,32116],{"class":55},"values_view ",[49,32118,60],{"class":59},[49,32120,12725],{"class":55},[49,32122,109],{"class":63},[49,32124,5031],{"class":112},[49,32126,116],{"class":63},[49,32128,32129,32131,32133,32136],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,32130,123],{"class":122},[49,32132,126],{"class":63},[49,32134,32135],{"class":112},"values_view",[49,32137,335],{"class":63},[49,32139,32140],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,32141,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32143,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,32145,16788],{"class":55},[49,32147,3573],{"class":63},[49,32149,68],{"class":67},[49,32151,289],{"class":71},[49,32153,68],{"class":67},[49,32155,12751],{"class":63},[49,32157,12754],{"class":59},[49,32159,87],{"class":67},[49,32161,30131],{"class":71},[49,32163,301],{"class":67},[49,32165,32166,32168,32170,32172],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,32167,123],{"class":122},[49,32169,126],{"class":63},[49,32171,32135],{"class":112},[49,32173,335],{"class":63},[20,32175,573],{},[40,32177,32179],{"className":42,"code":32178,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32180,32181,32199],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32182,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32184,16518],{"class":112},[49,32186,2656],{"class":63},[49,32188,397],{"class":67},[49,32190,7594],{"class":71},[49,32192,397],{"class":67},[49,32194,84],{"class":63},[49,32196,279],{"class":80},[49,32198,3561],{"class":63},[49,32200,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32202,16518],{"class":112},[49,32204,2656],{"class":63},[49,32206,397],{"class":67},[49,32208,7594],{"class":71},[49,32210,397],{"class":67},[49,32212,84],{"class":63},[49,32214,279],{"class":80},[49,32216,84],{"class":63},[49,32218,406],{"class":67},[49,32220,30131],{"class":71},[49,32222,397],{"class":67},[49,32224,3561],{"class":63},[20,32226,32227,32228,109],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32229,32230],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[40,32232,32234],{"className":42,"code":32233,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32235,32236,32272,32291,32295],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32237,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32239,12682],{"class":55},[49,32241,60],{"class":59},[49,32243,64],{"class":63},[49,32245,68],{"class":67},[49,32247,251],{"class":71},[49,32249,68],{"class":67},[49,32251,77],{"class":63},[49,32253,87],{"class":67},[49,32255,7594],{"class":71},[49,32257,68],{"class":67},[49,32259,84],{"class":63},[49,32261,87],{"class":67},[49,32263,272],{"class":71},[49,32265,68],{"class":67},[49,32267,77],{"class":63},[49,32269,279],{"class":80},[49,32271,100],{"class":63},[49,32273,32274,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32275,32276],{"class":55},"values_list ",[49,32278,60],{"class":59},[49,32280,22044],{"class":1428},[49,32282,126],{"class":63},[49,32284,16788],{"class":112},[49,32286,109],{"class":63},[49,32288,5031],{"class":112},[49,32290,6865],{"class":63},[49,32292,32293],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,32294,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32296,32297,32299,32301,32304],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,32298,123],{"class":122},[49,32300,126],{"class":63},[49,32302,32303],{"class":112},"values_list",[49,32305,335],{"class":63},[20,32307,573],{},[40,32309,32311],{"className":42,"code":32310,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32312,32313],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32314,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32316,3573],{"class":63},[49,32318,397],{"class":67},[49,32320,7594],{"class":71},[49,32322,397],{"class":67},[49,32324,84],{"class":63},[49,32326,279],{"class":80},[49,32328,3309],{"class":63},[35,32330,225],{"id":224},[20,32332,32333],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[40,32335,32337],{"className":42,"code":32336,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32338,32339,32393,32397,32411,32415,32425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32340,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32374,32376,32378,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32342,24281],{"class":55},[49,32344,60],{"class":59},[49,32346,64],{"class":63},[49,32348,68],{"class":67},[49,32350,24290],{"class":71},[49,32352,68],{"class":67},[49,32354,77],{"class":63},[49,32356,87],{"class":67},[49,32358,24299],{"class":71},[49,32360,68],{"class":67},[49,32362,84],{"class":63},[49,32364,87],{"class":67},[49,32366,24308],{"class":71},[49,32368,68],{"class":67},[49,32370,77],{"class":63},[49,32372,32373],{"class":80}," 2022",[49,32375,84],{"class":63},[49,32377,87],{"class":67},[49,32379,32380],{"class":71},"color",[49,32382,68],{"class":67},[49,32384,77],{"class":63},[49,32386,87],{"class":67},[49,32388,12587],{"class":71},[49,32390,68],{"class":67},[49,32392,100],{"class":63},[49,32394,32395],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32396,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32398,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,32400,534],{"class":55},[49,32402,60],{"class":59},[49,32404,24330],{"class":55},[49,32406,109],{"class":63},[49,32408,5031],{"class":112},[49,32410,116],{"class":63},[49,32412,32413],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,32414,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32416,32417,32419,32421,32423],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,32418,123],{"class":122},[49,32420,126],{"class":63},[49,32422,558],{"class":112},[49,32424,335],{"class":63},[49,32426,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,32428,123],{"class":122},[49,32430,126],{"class":63},[49,32432,7767],{"class":1428},[49,32434,126],{"class":63},[49,32436,558],{"class":112},[49,32438,1436],{"class":63},[20,32440,573],{},[40,32442,32444],{"className":42,"code":32443,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32445,32446,32472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32447,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32449,16518],{"class":112},[49,32451,2656],{"class":63},[49,32453,397],{"class":67},[49,32455,24299],{"class":71},[49,32457,397],{"class":67},[49,32459,84],{"class":63},[49,32461,32373],{"class":80},[49,32463,84],{"class":63},[49,32465,406],{"class":67},[49,32467,12587],{"class":71},[49,32469,397],{"class":67},[49,32471,3561],{"class":63},[49,32473,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32475,3573],{"class":63},[49,32477,397],{"class":67},[49,32479,24299],{"class":71},[49,32481,397],{"class":67},[49,32483,84],{"class":63},[49,32485,32373],{"class":80},[49,32487,84],{"class":63},[49,32489,406],{"class":67},[49,32491,12587],{"class":71},[49,32493,397],{"class":67},[49,32495,3309],{"class":63},[20,32497,453],{},[155,32499,32500,32506,32512,32520],{},[158,32501,32502,32505],{},[15,32503,32504],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[158,32507,32508,32511],{},[15,32509,32510],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[158,32513,32514,32517,32518,24102],{},[15,32515,32516],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32519,16518],{},[158,32521,32522,32525],{},[15,32523,32524],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[35,32527,32529],{"id":32528},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32531,32532,32533,25550],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32534,5630],{},[40,32536,32538],{"className":42,"code":32537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32539,32540,32584,32588,32604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32541,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32543,4737],{"class":55},[49,32545,60],{"class":59},[49,32547,64],{"class":63},[49,32549,68],{"class":67},[49,32551,17899],{"class":71},[49,32553,68],{"class":67},[49,32555,77],{"class":63},[49,32557,19381],{"class":80},[49,32559,84],{"class":63},[49,32561,87],{"class":67},[49,32563,30641],{"class":71},[49,32565,68],{"class":67},[49,32567,77],{"class":63},[49,32569,12985],{"class":80},[49,32571,84],{"class":63},[49,32573,87],{"class":67},[49,32575,17908],{"class":71},[49,32577,68],{"class":67},[49,32579,77],{"class":63},[49,32581,28407],{"class":80},[49,32583,100],{"class":63},[49,32585,32586],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32587,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32589,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,32591,5630],{"class":973},[49,32593,21068],{"class":55},[49,32595,3555],{"class":973},[49,32597,4784],{"class":55},[49,32599,109],{"class":63},[49,32601,5031],{"class":112},[49,32603,21079],{"class":63},[49,32605,32606,32608,32610,32612],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,32607,7742],{"class":122},[49,32609,126],{"class":63},[49,32611,2142],{"class":112},[49,32613,335],{"class":63},[20,32615,573],{},[40,32617,32619],{"className":42,"code":32618,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32620,32621,32626,32631],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32622,32623],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32624,32625],{"class":80},"90\n",[49,32627,32628],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32629,32630],{"class":80},"85\n",[49,32632,32633],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,32634,32635],{"class":80},"88\n",[20,32637,17192],{},[155,32639,32640,32643,32646],{},[158,32641,32642],{},"You only need the values",[158,32644,32645],{},"You do not care about the keys",[158,32647,32648],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32650,32651,32652,2548,32656,109],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[72,32653,1567,32654,1571],{"href":16556},[15,32655,16559],{},[72,32657,21959],{"href":32658},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[35,32660,32662],{"id":32661},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32664,1762,32665,32667],{},[15,32666,32230],{}," when you need a list.",[40,32669,32671],{"className":42,"code":32670,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32672,32673,32719,32723,32743,32747,32758],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32674,32675,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32711,32713,32715,32717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32676,32677],{"class":55},"fruit_prices ",[49,32679,60],{"class":59},[49,32681,64],{"class":63},[49,32683,68],{"class":67},[49,32685,3751],{"class":71},[49,32687,68],{"class":67},[49,32689,77],{"class":63},[49,32691,97],{"class":80},[49,32693,84],{"class":63},[49,32695,87],{"class":67},[49,32697,3760],{"class":71},[49,32699,68],{"class":67},[49,32701,77],{"class":63},[49,32703,81],{"class":80},[49,32705,84],{"class":63},[49,32707,87],{"class":67},[49,32709,32710],{"class":71},"orange",[49,32712,68],{"class":67},[49,32714,77],{"class":63},[49,32716,2120],{"class":80},[49,32718,100],{"class":63},[49,32720,32721],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32722,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32724,32725,32728,32730,32732,32734,32737,32739,32741],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,32726,32727],{"class":55},"price_list ",[49,32729,60],{"class":59},[49,32731,22044],{"class":1428},[49,32733,126],{"class":63},[49,32735,32736],{"class":112},"fruit_prices",[49,32738,109],{"class":63},[49,32740,5031],{"class":112},[49,32742,6865],{"class":63},[49,32744,32745],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,32746,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32748,32749,32751,32753,32756],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,32750,123],{"class":122},[49,32752,126],{"class":63},[49,32754,32755],{"class":112},"price_list",[49,32757,335],{"class":63},[49,32759,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,32761,123],{"class":122},[49,32763,126],{"class":63},[49,32765,32755],{"class":112},[49,32767,3573],{"class":63},[49,32769,1790],{"class":80},[49,32771,3561],{"class":63},[20,32773,573],{},[40,32775,32777],{"className":42,"code":32776,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32778,32779,32795],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32780,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32782,3573],{"class":63},[49,32784,1725],{"class":80},[49,32786,84],{"class":63},[49,32788,81],{"class":80},[49,32790,84],{"class":63},[49,32792,2120],{"class":80},[49,32794,3309],{"class":63},[49,32796,32797],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32798,16537],{"class":80},[20,32800,32801],{},"This is helpful for:",[155,32803,32804,32807,32810],{},[158,32805,32806],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[158,32808,32809],{},"Accessing values by index",[158,32811,32812],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32814,3598,32815,32817],{},[15,32816,16518],{}," is not the same as a list.",[35,32819,32821,10249,32823,10249,32825],{"id":32820},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32822,16552],{},[15,32824,16546],{},[15,32826,16559],{},[20,32828,32829],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[155,32831,32832,32837,32842],{},[158,32833,32834,32836],{},[15,32835,16552],{}," returns only the values",[158,32838,32839,32841],{},[15,32840,16546],{}," returns only the keys",[158,32843,32844,32846],{},[15,32845,16559],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32848,1796],{},[40,32850,32852],{"className":42,"code":32851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32853,32854,32890,32894,32908,32922],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32855,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32857,12340],{"class":55},[49,32859,60],{"class":59},[49,32861,64],{"class":63},[49,32863,68],{"class":67},[49,32865,251],{"class":71},[49,32867,68],{"class":67},[49,32869,77],{"class":63},[49,32871,87],{"class":67},[49,32873,12357],{"class":71},[49,32875,68],{"class":67},[49,32877,84],{"class":63},[49,32879,87],{"class":67},[49,32881,272],{"class":71},[49,32883,68],{"class":67},[49,32885,77],{"class":63},[49,32887,7462],{"class":80},[49,32889,100],{"class":63},[49,32891,32892],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32893,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,32895,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,32897,123],{"class":122},[49,32899,126],{"class":63},[49,32901,13104],{"class":112},[49,32903,109],{"class":63},[49,32905,16404],{"class":112},[49,32907,6865],{"class":63},[49,32909,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918,32920],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,32911,123],{"class":122},[49,32913,126],{"class":63},[49,32915,13104],{"class":112},[49,32917,109],{"class":63},[49,32919,5031],{"class":112},[49,32921,6865],{"class":63},[49,32923,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,32925,123],{"class":122},[49,32927,126],{"class":63},[49,32929,13104],{"class":112},[49,32931,109],{"class":63},[49,32933,7482],{"class":112},[49,32935,6865],{"class":63},[20,32937,573],{},[40,32939,32941],{"className":42,"code":32940,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32942,32943,32965,32983],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32944,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961,32963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32946,16495],{"class":112},[49,32948,2656],{"class":63},[49,32950,397],{"class":67},[49,32952,251],{"class":71},[49,32954,397],{"class":67},[49,32956,84],{"class":63},[49,32958,406],{"class":67},[49,32960,272],{"class":71},[49,32962,397],{"class":67},[49,32964,3561],{"class":63},[49,32966,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,32968,16518],{"class":112},[49,32970,2656],{"class":63},[49,32972,397],{"class":67},[49,32974,12357],{"class":71},[49,32976,397],{"class":67},[49,32978,84],{"class":63},[49,32980,7462],{"class":80},[49,32982,3561],{"class":63},[49,32984,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,32986,21392],{"class":112},[49,32988,9324],{"class":63},[49,32990,397],{"class":67},[49,32992,251],{"class":71},[49,32994,397],{"class":67},[49,32996,84],{"class":63},[49,32998,7462],{"class":80},[49,33000,10343],{"class":63},[20,33002,18177],{},[155,33004,33005,33012,33019],{},[158,33006,33007,33011],{},[72,33008,33009],{"href":16543},[15,33010,16546],{}," when you need just the keys",[158,33013,33014,33018],{},[72,33015,33016],{"href":16549},[15,33017,16552],{}," when you need just the values",[158,33020,33021,33025],{},[72,33022,33023],{"href":16556},[15,33024,16559],{}," when you need both",[35,33027,4192],{"id":4191},[20,33029,33030,33031,109],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33032,16552],{},[591,33034,29137,33036,33038],{"id":33035},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33037,16552],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33040,33041,33043],{},[15,33042,16552],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33045,16124],{},[40,33047,33049],{"className":42,"code":33048,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33050,33051,33071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33052,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33054,7982],{"class":55},[49,33056,60],{"class":59},[49,33058,3296],{"class":63},[49,33060,2659],{"class":80},[49,33062,84],{"class":63},[49,33064,97],{"class":80},[49,33066,84],{"class":63},[49,33068,2120],{"class":80},[49,33070,3309],{"class":63},[49,33072,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33074,123],{"class":122},[49,33076,126],{"class":63},[49,33078,8013],{"class":112},[49,33080,109],{"class":63},[49,33082,5031],{"class":112},[49,33084,6865],{"class":63},[20,33086,33087,33088,33090],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33089,16552],{}," method.",[20,33092,33093],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[40,33095,33097],{"className":42,"code":33096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33098,33099],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33100,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33102,123],{"class":122},[49,33104,126],{"class":63},[49,33106,1429],{"class":1428},[49,33108,126],{"class":63},[49,33110,8013],{"class":112},[49,33112,1436],{"class":63},[20,33114,33115,33116,33118,33119,109],{},"If you get an ",[15,33117,25157],{},", see ",[72,33120,25165,33121,33123],{"href":25164},[15,33122,25168],{}," errors",[591,33125,4253,33127,33129],{"id":33126},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33128,16552],{}," returns a list",[20,33131,33132],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[40,33134,33136],{"className":42,"code":33135,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33137,33138,33174,33188,33192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33139,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33141,12340],{"class":55},[49,33143,60],{"class":59},[49,33145,64],{"class":63},[49,33147,68],{"class":67},[49,33149,251],{"class":71},[49,33151,68],{"class":67},[49,33153,77],{"class":63},[49,33155,87],{"class":67},[49,33157,12357],{"class":71},[49,33159,68],{"class":67},[49,33161,84],{"class":63},[49,33163,87],{"class":67},[49,33165,272],{"class":71},[49,33167,68],{"class":67},[49,33169,77],{"class":63},[49,33171,7462],{"class":80},[49,33173,100],{"class":63},[49,33175,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33177,3495],{"class":55},[49,33179,60],{"class":59},[49,33181,12383],{"class":55},[49,33183,109],{"class":63},[49,33185,5031],{"class":112},[49,33187,116],{"class":63},[49,33189,33190],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,33191,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,33193,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,33195,123],{"class":122},[49,33197,126],{"class":63},[49,33199,1429],{"class":1428},[49,33201,126],{"class":63},[49,33203,5031],{"class":112},[49,33205,1436],{"class":63},[20,33207,573],{},[40,33209,33211],{"className":42,"code":33210,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33212,33213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33214,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33216,2962],{"class":59},[49,33218,2965],{"class":1734},[49,33220,406],{"class":67},[49,33222,16518],{"class":71},[49,33224,397],{"class":67},[49,33226,2974],{"class":59},[20,33228,1518,33229,33231],{},[15,33230,16518],{},", not a list.",[20,33233,33234],{},"If you need a list:",[40,33236,33238],{"className":42,"code":33237,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33239,33240],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33241,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33243,3495],{"class":55},[49,33245,60],{"class":59},[49,33247,22044],{"class":1428},[49,33249,126],{"class":63},[49,33251,13104],{"class":112},[49,33253,109],{"class":63},[49,33255,5031],{"class":112},[49,33257,6865],{"class":63},[591,33259,33261,33262],{"id":33260},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33263,16518],{},[20,33265,33266],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[40,33268,33270],{"className":42,"code":33269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33271,33272,33308,33322,33326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33273,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33275,12340],{"class":55},[49,33277,60],{"class":59},[49,33279,64],{"class":63},[49,33281,68],{"class":67},[49,33283,251],{"class":71},[49,33285,68],{"class":67},[49,33287,77],{"class":63},[49,33289,87],{"class":67},[49,33291,12357],{"class":71},[49,33293,68],{"class":67},[49,33295,84],{"class":63},[49,33297,87],{"class":67},[49,33299,272],{"class":71},[49,33301,68],{"class":67},[49,33303,77],{"class":63},[49,33305,7462],{"class":80},[49,33307,100],{"class":63},[49,33309,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33311,3495],{"class":55},[49,33313,60],{"class":59},[49,33315,12383],{"class":55},[49,33317,109],{"class":63},[49,33319,5031],{"class":112},[49,33321,116],{"class":63},[49,33323,33324],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,33325,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,33327,33328],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,33329,33330],{"class":134},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33332,33333],{},"Convert to a list first:",[40,33335,33337],{"className":42,"code":33336,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33338,33339,33375,33393,33397],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33340,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33342,12340],{"class":55},[49,33344,60],{"class":59},[49,33346,64],{"class":63},[49,33348,68],{"class":67},[49,33350,251],{"class":71},[49,33352,68],{"class":67},[49,33354,77],{"class":63},[49,33356,87],{"class":67},[49,33358,12357],{"class":71},[49,33360,68],{"class":67},[49,33362,84],{"class":63},[49,33364,87],{"class":67},[49,33366,272],{"class":71},[49,33368,68],{"class":67},[49,33370,77],{"class":63},[49,33372,7462],{"class":80},[49,33374,100],{"class":63},[49,33376,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33378,3495],{"class":55},[49,33380,60],{"class":59},[49,33382,22044],{"class":1428},[49,33384,126],{"class":63},[49,33386,13104],{"class":112},[49,33388,109],{"class":63},[49,33390,5031],{"class":112},[49,33392,6865],{"class":63},[49,33394,33395],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,33396,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,33398,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,33400,123],{"class":122},[49,33402,126],{"class":63},[49,33404,5031],{"class":112},[49,33406,3573],{"class":63},[49,33408,1790],{"class":80},[49,33410,3561],{"class":63},[591,33412,8092,33414,10754,33416],{"id":33413},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33415,5031],{},[15,33417,16552],{},[20,33419,33420],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[40,33422,33424],{"className":42,"code":33423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33425,33426,33462,33466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33427,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33429,12340],{"class":55},[49,33431,60],{"class":59},[49,33433,64],{"class":63},[49,33435,68],{"class":67},[49,33437,251],{"class":71},[49,33439,68],{"class":67},[49,33441,77],{"class":63},[49,33443,87],{"class":67},[49,33445,12357],{"class":71},[49,33447,68],{"class":67},[49,33449,84],{"class":63},[49,33451,87],{"class":67},[49,33453,272],{"class":71},[49,33455,68],{"class":67},[49,33457,77],{"class":63},[49,33459,7462],{"class":80},[49,33461,100],{"class":63},[49,33463,33464],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33465,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,33467,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,33469,123],{"class":122},[49,33471,126],{"class":63},[49,33473,13104],{"class":112},[49,33475,109],{"class":63},[49,33477,5031],{"class":24235},[49,33479,335],{"class":63},[20,33481,33482,33485],{},[15,33483,33484],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33487,18177],{},[40,33489,33491],{"className":42,"code":33490,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33492,33493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33494,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33496,123],{"class":122},[49,33498,126],{"class":63},[49,33500,13104],{"class":112},[49,33502,109],{"class":63},[49,33504,5031],{"class":112},[49,33506,6865],{"class":63},[591,33508,33510],{"id":33509},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33512,33513],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[40,33515,33517],{"className":42,"code":33516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33518,33519,33551],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33520,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33522,56],{"class":55},[49,33524,60],{"class":59},[49,33526,64],{"class":63},[49,33528,68],{"class":67},[49,33530,72],{"class":71},[49,33532,68],{"class":67},[49,33534,77],{"class":63},[49,33536,81],{"class":80},[49,33538,84],{"class":63},[49,33540,87],{"class":67},[49,33542,90],{"class":71},[49,33544,68],{"class":67},[49,33546,77],{"class":63},[49,33548,97],{"class":80},[49,33550,100],{"class":63},[49,33552,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33554,123],{"class":122},[49,33556,126],{"class":63},[49,33558,106],{"class":112},[49,33560,109],{"class":63},[49,33562,5031],{"class":112},[49,33564,6865],{"class":63},[20,33566,33567],{},"Not like this:",[40,33569,33571],{"className":42,"code":33570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33572,33573,33578,33583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33574,33575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33576,33577],{"class":134},"# Wrong examples:\n",[49,33579,33580],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33581,33582],{"class":134},"# data().values()\n",[49,33584,33585],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,33586,33587],{"class":134},"# values(data)\n",[20,33589,3011],{},[40,33591,33593],{"className":42,"code":33592,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33594,33595,33609,33619,33633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33596,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33598,123],{"class":122},[49,33600,126],{"class":63},[49,33602,1429],{"class":1428},[49,33604,126],{"class":63},[49,33606,199],{"class":112},[49,33608,1436],{"class":63},[49,33610,33611,33613,33615,33617],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33612,123],{"class":122},[49,33614,126],{"class":63},[49,33616,199],{"class":112},[49,33618,335],{"class":63},[49,33620,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,33622,123],{"class":122},[49,33624,126],{"class":63},[49,33626,199],{"class":112},[49,33628,109],{"class":63},[49,33630,5031],{"class":112},[49,33632,6865],{"class":63},[49,33634,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,33636,123],{"class":122},[49,33638,126],{"class":63},[49,33640,7767],{"class":1428},[49,33642,126],{"class":63},[49,33644,199],{"class":112},[49,33646,109],{"class":63},[49,33648,5031],{"class":112},[49,33650,5963],{"class":63},[35,33652,1498],{"id":1497},[591,33654,1512,33656,4818],{"id":33655},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33657,31809],{},[20,33659,16903,33660,33662],{},[15,33661,16518],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[591,33664,1502,33666,23416],{"id":33665},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33667,16552],{},[20,33669,23419,33670,23423],{},[15,33671,33672],{},"list(...)",[591,33674,25542,33676,1529],{"id":33675},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33677,31809],{},[20,33679,33680,33681,25550],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33682,5630],{},[591,33684,1502,33686,33688],{"id":33685},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33687,31809],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33690,33691],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[591,33693,33695,33696,33698,33699,1529],{"id":33694},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33697,16552],{}," different from ",[15,33700,16559],{},[20,33702,33703,33705,33706,33708],{},[15,33704,16552],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33707,16559],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[35,33710,1550],{"id":1549},[155,33712,33713,33719,33725,33729,33735,33739],{},[158,33714,33715],{},[72,33716,1567,33717,1571],{"href":16543},[15,33718,16546],{},[158,33720,33721],{},[72,33722,1567,33723,1571],{"href":16556},[15,33724,16559],{},[158,33726,33727],{},[72,33728,1562],{"href":1561},[158,33730,33731],{},[72,33732,33734],{"href":33733},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[158,33736,33737],{},[72,33738,23501],{"href":32658},[158,33740,33741],{},[72,33742,29835,33743],{"href":25164},[15,33744,33745],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1597,33747,33748],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":33750},[33751,33752,33754,33755,33757,33758,33759,33760,33762,33773,33785],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":31979,"depth":103,"text":33753},"What values() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":32049,"depth":103,"text":33756},"What values() returns",{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":32528,"depth":103,"text":32529},{"id":32661,"depth":103,"text":32662},{"id":32820,"depth":103,"text":33761},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":33763},[33764,33766,33768,33770,33772],{"id":33035,"depth":119,"text":33765},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33126,"depth":119,"text":33767},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33260,"depth":119,"text":33769},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33413,"depth":119,"text":33771},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33509,"depth":119,"text":33510},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":33774},[33775,33777,33779,33781,33783],{"id":33655,"depth":119,"text":33776},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33665,"depth":119,"text":33778},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33675,"depth":119,"text":33780},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33685,"depth":119,"text":33782},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33694,"depth":119,"text":33784},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31796,"description":33786},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33792,"title":33793,"body":33794,"description":35225,"extension":1632,"meta":35226,"navigation":312,"path":35227,"seo":35228,"stem":35229,"__hash__":35230},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33795,"toc":35177},[33796,33802,33807,33810,33826,33835,33837,33869,33875,33878,33973,33976,33981,33986,33989,34000,34002,34016,34022,34024,34029,34035,34038,34077,34085,34090,34093,34138,34141,34153,34159,34165,34169,34202,34205,34223,34226,34230,34269,34271,34291,34294,34306,34311,34317,34320,34375,34378,34389,34392,34403,34406,34410,34416,34418,34448,34451,34466,34469,34472,34491,34494,34510,34519,34521,34552,34558,34563,34566,34573,34604,34607,34629,34632,34635,34649,34653,34684,34699,34706,34713,34717,34725,34729,34737,34740,34789,34800,34802,34805,34811,34816,34826,34830,34833,34836,34840,34843,34845,34866,34870,34876,34887,34893,34895,34901,34925,34928,34991,34994,35022,35025,35087,35089,35094,35097,35104,35112,35119,35122,35130,35136,35138,35165,35174],[10,33797,3247,33799,3251],{"id":33798},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33800,33801],{},"dir()",[20,33803,31806,33804,33806],{},[15,33805,33801],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33808,33809],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[155,33811,33812,33815,33818,33823],{},[158,33813,33814],{},"learning Python",[158,33816,33817],{},"exploring a new object",[158,33819,33820,33821],{},"debugging an ",[15,33822,25157],{},[158,33824,33825],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33827,33828,33829,33831,33832],{},"In short, ",[15,33830,33801],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[30,33833,33834],{},"“What can I use here?”",[35,33836,38],{"id":37},[40,33838,33840],{"className":42,"code":33839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33841,33842,33854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33843,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33845,7549],{"class":55},[49,33847,60],{"class":59},[49,33849,87],{"class":67},[49,33851,3518],{"class":71},[49,33853,301],{"class":67},[49,33855,33856,33858,33860,33863,33865,33867],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,33857,123],{"class":122},[49,33859,126],{"class":63},[49,33861,33862],{"class":122},"dir",[49,33864,126],{"class":63},[49,33866,251],{"class":112},[49,33868,1436],{"class":63},[20,33870,1762,33871,33874],{},[15,33872,33873],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33876,33877],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[40,33879,33881],{"className":42,"code":33880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33882,33883],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33884,33885,33887,33889,33892,33894,33896,33898,33901,33903,33905,33907,33910,33912,33914,33916,33919,33921,33923,33925,33928,33930,33932,33934,33937,33939,33941,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33960,33962,33964,33966,33969,33971],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33886,3573],{"class":63},[49,33888,397],{"class":67},[49,33890,33891],{"class":71},"__add__",[49,33893,397],{"class":67},[49,33895,84],{"class":63},[49,33897,406],{"class":67},[49,33899,33900],{"class":71},"__class__",[49,33902,397],{"class":67},[49,33904,84],{"class":63},[49,33906,406],{"class":67},[49,33908,33909],{"class":71},"__contains__",[49,33911,397],{"class":67},[49,33913,84],{"class":63},[49,33915,406],{"class":67},[49,33917,33918],{"class":71},"__delattr__",[49,33920,397],{"class":67},[49,33922,84],{"class":63},[49,33924,406],{"class":67},[49,33926,33927],{"class":71},"__dir__",[49,33929,397],{"class":67},[49,33931,84],{"class":63},[49,33933,406],{"class":67},[49,33935,33936],{"class":71},"__doc__",[49,33938,397],{"class":67},[49,33940,84],{"class":63},[49,33942,33944],{"class":33943},"s_hVV"," ...",[49,33946,84],{"class":63},[49,33948,406],{"class":67},[49,33950,8315],{"class":71},[49,33952,397],{"class":67},[49,33954,84],{"class":63},[49,33956,406],{"class":67},[49,33958,33959],{"class":71},"split",[49,33961,397],{"class":67},[49,33963,84],{"class":63},[49,33965,406],{"class":67},[49,33967,33968],{"class":71},"upper",[49,33970,397],{"class":67},[49,33972,3309],{"class":63},[20,33974,33975],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[35,33977,144,33979,147],{"id":33978},"what-dir-does",[15,33980,33801],{},[20,33982,33983,33985],{},[15,33984,33801],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,33987,33988],{},"It usually includes:",[155,33990,33991,33994,33997],{},[158,33992,33993],{},"attributes",[158,33995,33996],{},"methods",[158,33998,33999],{},"special Python names",[20,34001,208],{},[155,34003,34004,34010,34013],{},[158,34005,34006,34007],{},"The result is a ",[30,34008,34009],{},"list of strings",[158,34011,34012],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[158,34014,34015],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34017,34018,34019,34021],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34020,33801],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[35,34023,189],{"id":188},[20,34025,34026,34028],{},[15,34027,33801],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[591,34030,34032,34034],{"id":34031},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34033,33801],{}," with no argument",[20,34036,34037],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[40,34039,34041],{"className":42,"code":34040,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34042,34043,34051,34063,34067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34044,34045,34047,34049],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34046,2696],{"class":55},[49,34048,60],{"class":59},[49,34050,2257],{"class":80},[49,34052,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34054,7549],{"class":55},[49,34056,60],{"class":59},[49,34058,87],{"class":67},[49,34060,7348],{"class":71},[49,34062,301],{"class":67},[49,34064,34065],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,34066,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,34068,34069,34071,34073,34075],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,34070,123],{"class":122},[49,34072,126],{"class":63},[49,34074,33862],{"class":122},[49,34076,6865],{"class":63},[20,34078,34079,34080,1017,34082,34084],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34081,504],{},[15,34083,251],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[591,34086,34088],{"id":34087},"dirobject",[15,34089,33873],{},[20,34091,34092],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[40,34094,34096],{"className":42,"code":34095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34097,34098,34116],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34099,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112,34114],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34101,123],{"class":122},[49,34103,126],{"class":63},[49,34105,33862],{"class":122},[49,34107,126],{"class":63},[49,34109,68],{"class":67},[49,34111,3518],{"class":71},[49,34113,68],{"class":67},[49,34115,1436],{"class":63},[49,34117,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34119,123],{"class":122},[49,34121,126],{"class":63},[49,34123,33862],{"class":122},[49,34125,2656],{"class":63},[49,34127,2659],{"class":80},[49,34129,84],{"class":63},[49,34131,97],{"class":80},[49,34133,84],{"class":63},[49,34135,2120],{"class":80},[49,34137,2670],{"class":63},[20,34139,34140],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[155,34142,34143,34145,34147,34150],{},[158,34144,4981],{},[158,34146,4972],{},[158,34148,34149],{},"modules",[158,34151,34152],{},"custom objects",[35,34154,8092,34156,34158],{"id":34155},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34157,33801],{}," with a value",[20,34160,34161,34162,34164],{},"A common use of ",[15,34163,33801],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[591,34166,34168],{"id":34167},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[40,34170,34172],{"className":42,"code":34171,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34173,34174,34187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34175,34176,34179,34181,34183,34185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34177,34178],{"class":55},"text ",[49,34180,60],{"class":59},[49,34182,87],{"class":67},[49,34184,3518],{"class":71},[49,34186,301],{"class":67},[49,34188,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197,34200],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34190,123],{"class":122},[49,34192,126],{"class":63},[49,34194,33862],{"class":122},[49,34196,126],{"class":63},[49,34198,34199],{"class":112},"text",[49,34201,1436],{"class":63},[20,34203,34204],{},"You will see method names like:",[155,34206,34207,34211,34215,34219],{},[158,34208,34209],{},[15,34210,8315],{},[158,34212,34213],{},[15,34214,33968],{},[158,34216,34217],{},[15,34218,33959],{},[158,34220,34221],{},[15,34222,8309],{},[20,34224,34225],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[591,34227,34229],{"id":34228},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[40,34231,34233],{"className":42,"code":34232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34234,34235,34255],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34236,34237,34239,34241,34243,34245,34247,34249,34251,34253],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34238,3291],{"class":55},[49,34240,60],{"class":59},[49,34242,3296],{"class":63},[49,34244,2659],{"class":80},[49,34246,84],{"class":63},[49,34248,97],{"class":80},[49,34250,84],{"class":63},[49,34252,2120],{"class":80},[49,34254,3309],{"class":63},[49,34256,34257,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34258,123],{"class":122},[49,34260,126],{"class":63},[49,34262,33862],{"class":122},[49,34264,126],{"class":63},[49,34266,3323],{"class":112},[49,34268,1436],{"class":63},[20,34270,34204],{},[155,34272,34273,34277,34281,34286],{},[158,34274,34275],{},[15,34276,13031],{},[158,34278,34279],{},[15,34280,25727],{},[158,34282,34283],{},[15,34284,34285],{},"remove",[158,34287,34288],{},[15,34289,34290],{},"sort",[20,34292,34293],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34295,34296,34297,34302,34303,34305],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[72,34298,34300],{"href":34299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34301,1970],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34304,33801],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[35,34307,8092,34309,34034],{"id":34308},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34310,33801],{},[20,34312,34313,34314,34316],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34315,33801],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34318,34319],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[40,34321,34323],{"className":42,"code":34322,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34324,34325,34334,34338,34349,34361,34365],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34326,34327,34329,34331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34328,2696],{"class":55},[49,34330,60],{"class":59},[49,34332,34333],{"class":80}," 5\n",[49,34335,34336],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34337,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,34339,34340,34343,34347],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,34341,34342],{"class":1734},"def",[49,34344,34346],{"class":34345},"sGLFI"," greet",[49,34348,21079],{"class":63},[49,34350,34351,34354,34356,34359],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,34352,34353],{"class":973},"    return",[49,34355,87],{"class":67},[49,34357,34358],{"class":71},"Hello",[49,34360,301],{"class":67},[49,34362,34363],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,34364,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,34366,34367,34369,34371,34373],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,34368,123],{"class":122},[49,34370,126],{"class":63},[49,34372,33862],{"class":122},[49,34374,6865],{"class":63},[20,34376,34377],{},"The output will include names like:",[155,34379,34380,34384],{},[158,34381,34382],{},[15,34383,504],{},[158,34385,34386],{},[15,34387,34388],{},"greet",[20,34390,34391],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[155,34393,34394,34397,34400],{},[158,34395,34396],{},"what variables exist",[158,34398,34399],{},"what functions you have defined",[158,34401,34402],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34404,34405],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[35,34407,34409],{"id":34408},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34411,34412,34413,34415],{},"When you first use ",[15,34414,33801],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34417,1244],{},[40,34419,34420],{"className":42,"code":34171,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,34421,34422,34434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34423,34424,34426,34428,34430,34432],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34425,34178],{"class":55},[49,34427,60],{"class":59},[49,34429,87],{"class":67},[49,34431,3518],{"class":71},[49,34433,301],{"class":67},[49,34435,34436,34438,34440,34442,34444,34446],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34437,123],{"class":122},[49,34439,126],{"class":63},[49,34441,33862],{"class":122},[49,34443,126],{"class":63},[49,34445,34199],{"class":112},[49,34447,1436],{"class":63},[20,34449,34450],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[155,34452,34453,34457,34461],{},[158,34454,34455],{},[15,34456,33900],{},[158,34458,34459],{},[15,34460,33936],{},[158,34462,34463],{},[15,34464,34465],{},"__len__",[20,34467,34468],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34470,34471],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[155,34473,34474,34478,34482,34486],{},[158,34475,34476],{},[15,34477,33968],{},[158,34479,34480],{},[15,34481,8315],{},[158,34483,34484],{},[15,34485,33959],{},[158,34487,34488],{},[15,34489,34490],{},"replace",[20,34492,34493],{},"A key point to remember:",[155,34495,34496,34504],{},[158,34497,34498,34500,34501],{},[15,34499,33801],{}," lists ",[30,34502,34503],{},"names only",[158,34505,34506,34507,34509],{},"it does ",[30,34508,600],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34511,34512,34513,109],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[72,34514,34516],{"href":34515},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34517,34518],{},"help()",[20,34520,5145],{},[40,34522,34524],{"className":42,"code":34523,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34525,34526,34538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34527,34528,34530,34532,34534,34536],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34529,7549],{"class":55},[49,34531,60],{"class":59},[49,34533,87],{"class":67},[49,34535,3518],{"class":71},[49,34537,301],{"class":67},[49,34539,34540,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34541,31641],{"class":122},[49,34543,126],{"class":63},[49,34545,251],{"class":112},[49,34547,109],{"class":63},[49,34549,33968],{"class":24235},[49,34551,335],{"class":63},[35,34553,34555,34557],{"id":34554},"dir-on-modules",[15,34556,33801],{}," on modules",[20,34559,15194,34560,34562],{},[15,34561,33801],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34564,34565],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[591,34567,34569,34570,34572],{"id":34568},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34571,17899],{}," module",[40,34574,34576],{"className":42,"code":34575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34577,34578,34586,34590],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34579,34580,34583],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34581,34582],{"class":973},"import",[49,34584,34585],{"class":55}," math\n",[49,34587,34588],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34589,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,34591,34592,34594,34596,34598,34600,34602],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,34593,123],{"class":122},[49,34595,126],{"class":63},[49,34597,33862],{"class":122},[49,34599,126],{"class":63},[49,34601,17899],{"class":112},[49,34603,1436],{"class":63},[20,34605,34606],{},"You may see names like:",[155,34608,34609,34614,34619,34624],{},[158,34610,34611],{},[15,34612,34613],{},"sqrt",[158,34615,34616],{},[15,34617,34618],{},"ceil",[158,34620,34621],{},[15,34622,34623],{},"floor",[158,34625,34626],{},[15,34627,34628],{},"pi",[20,34630,34631],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34633,34634],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[155,34636,34637,34643],{},[158,34638,34639],{},[72,34640,34642],{"href":34641},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[158,34644,34645],{},[72,34646,34648],{"href":34647},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[591,34650,34652],{"id":34651},"another-example","Another example",[40,34654,34656],{"className":42,"code":34655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34657,34658,34665,34669],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34659,34660,34662],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34661,34582],{"class":973},[49,34663,34664],{"class":55}," json\n",[49,34666,34667],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34668,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,34670,34671,34673,34675,34677,34679,34682],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,34672,123],{"class":122},[49,34674,126],{"class":63},[49,34676,33862],{"class":122},[49,34678,126],{"class":63},[49,34680,34681],{"class":112},"json",[49,34683,1436],{"class":63},[20,34685,34686,34687,1858,34690,1858,34693,16553,34696,109],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34688,34689],{},"dump",[15,34691,34692],{},"dumps",[15,34694,34695],{},"load",[15,34697,34698],{},"loads",[35,34700,34702,10249,34704],{"id":34701},"dir-vs-help",[15,34703,33801],{},[15,34705,34518],{},[20,34707,34708,1017,34710,34712],{},[15,34709,33801],{},[15,34711,34518],{}," are often used together.",[591,34714,34715],{"id":33862},[15,34716,33801],{},[155,34718,34719,34722],{},[158,34720,34721],{},"shows available names",[158,34723,34724],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[591,34726,34727],{"id":31641},[15,34728,34518],{},[155,34730,34731,34734],{},[158,34732,34733],{},"explains what an object or function does",[158,34735,34736],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34738,34739],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[40,34741,34743],{"className":42,"code":34742,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34744,34745,34757,34761,34775],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34746,34747,34749,34751,34753,34755],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34748,7549],{"class":55},[49,34750,60],{"class":59},[49,34752,87],{"class":67},[49,34754,3518],{"class":71},[49,34756,301],{"class":67},[49,34758,34759],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34760,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,34762,34763,34765,34767,34769,34771,34773],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,34764,123],{"class":122},[49,34766,126],{"class":63},[49,34768,33862],{"class":122},[49,34770,126],{"class":63},[49,34772,251],{"class":112},[49,34774,1436],{"class":63},[49,34776,34777,34779,34781,34783,34785,34787],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,34778,31641],{"class":122},[49,34780,126],{"class":63},[49,34782,251],{"class":112},[49,34784,109],{"class":63},[49,34786,33968],{"class":24235},[49,34788,335],{"class":63},[20,34790,1762,34791,34793,34794,34796,34797,34799],{},[15,34792,33801],{}," first to find a method name.",[1364,34795],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34798,34518],{}," to understand how to use it.",[35,34801,24843],{"id":24842},[20,34803,34804],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[591,34806,34808,34810],{"id":34807},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34809,33801],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34812,34813,34815],{},[15,34814,33801],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34817,34818,34819,34821,34822,34825],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34820,33968],{}," in ",[15,34823,34824],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[591,34827,34829],{"id":34828},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34831,34832],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34834,34835],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[591,34837,34839],{"id":34838},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34841,34842],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34844,5145],{},[155,34846,34847,34852,34858],{},[158,34848,34849,34851],{},[15,34850,34824],{}," shows string-related names",[158,34853,34854,34857],{},[15,34855,34856],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[158,34859,34860,34863,34864,34572],{},[15,34861,34862],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34865,17899],{},[591,34867,34869],{"id":34868},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34871,34872,34873,34875],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34874,33801],{}," does not mean you already know:",[155,34877,34878,34881,34884],{},[158,34879,34880],{},"what it does",[158,34882,34883],{},"what arguments it needs",[158,34885,34886],{},"what it returns",[20,34888,34889,34890,34892],{},"That is why ",[15,34891,34518],{}," is the natural next step.",[35,34894,1376],{"id":1375},[20,34896,34897,34898,34900],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34899,33801],{}," in these situations:",[155,34902,34903,34906,34915,34918],{},[158,34904,34905],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[158,34907,34908,34909,34914],{},"Seeing an ",[72,34910,34912],{"href":34911},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34913,25157],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[158,34916,34917],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[158,34919,8092,34920,34922,34923],{},[15,34921,33801],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34924,34518],{},[20,34926,34927],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[40,34929,34931],{"className":42,"code":34930,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34932,34933,34945,34949,34963,34977],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34934,34935,34937,34939,34941,34943],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34936,7549],{"class":55},[49,34938,60],{"class":59},[49,34940,87],{"class":67},[49,34942,3518],{"class":71},[49,34944,301],{"class":67},[49,34946,34947],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,34948,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,34950,34951,34953,34955,34957,34959,34961],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,34952,123],{"class":122},[49,34954,126],{"class":63},[49,34956,1429],{"class":1428},[49,34958,126],{"class":63},[49,34960,251],{"class":112},[49,34962,1436],{"class":63},[49,34964,34965,34967,34969,34971,34973,34975],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,34966,123],{"class":122},[49,34968,126],{"class":63},[49,34970,33862],{"class":122},[49,34972,126],{"class":63},[49,34974,251],{"class":112},[49,34976,1436],{"class":63},[49,34978,34979,34981,34983,34985,34987,34989],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,34980,31641],{"class":122},[49,34982,126],{"class":63},[49,34984,251],{"class":112},[49,34986,109],{"class":63},[49,34988,33968],{"class":24235},[49,34990,335],{"class":63},[20,34992,34993],{},"And for modules:",[40,34995,34996],{"className":42,"code":34575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,34997,34998,35004,35008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34999,35000,35002],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35001,34582],{"class":973},[49,35003,34585],{"class":55},[49,35005,35006],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35007,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,35009,35010,35012,35014,35016,35018,35020],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35011,123],{"class":122},[49,35013,126],{"class":63},[49,35015,33862],{"class":122},[49,35017,126],{"class":63},[49,35019,17899],{"class":112},[49,35021,1436],{"class":63},[20,35023,35024],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[40,35026,35028],{"className":42,"code":35027,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35029,35030,35035,35047,35057,35071,35077],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35031,35032],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35033,35034],{"class":55},"python\n",[49,35036,35037,35039,35041,35043,35045],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35038,7549],{"class":55},[49,35040,60],{"class":59},[49,35042,87],{"class":67},[49,35044,3518],{"class":71},[49,35046,301],{"class":67},[49,35048,35049,35051,35053,35055],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35050,33862],{"class":122},[49,35052,126],{"class":63},[49,35054,251],{"class":112},[49,35056,335],{"class":63},[49,35058,35059,35061,35063,35065,35067,35069],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,35060,31641],{"class":122},[49,35062,126],{"class":63},[49,35064,251],{"class":112},[49,35066,109],{"class":63},[49,35068,33968],{"class":24235},[49,35070,335],{"class":63},[49,35072,35073,35075],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,35074,34582],{"class":973},[49,35076,34585],{"class":55},[49,35078,35079,35081,35083,35085],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,35080,33862],{"class":122},[49,35082,126],{"class":63},[49,35084,17899],{"class":112},[49,35086,335],{"class":63},[35,35088,1498],{"id":1497},[591,35090,1512,35092,4818],{"id":35091},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35093,33801],{},[20,35095,35096],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[591,35098,1524,35100,1017,35102,1529],{"id":35099},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35101,33801],{},[15,35103,34518],{},[20,35105,35106,35108,35109,35111],{},[15,35107,33801],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35110,34518],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[591,35113,35115,35116,35118],{"id":35114},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35117,33801],{}," output?",[20,35120,35121],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[591,35123,4842,35125,35127,35128,1529],{"id":35124},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35126,33801],{}," help fix ",[15,35129,25157],{},[20,35131,35132,35133,109],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[72,35134,35135],{"href":34911},"object has no attribute",[35,35137,1550],{"id":1549},[155,35139,35140,35146,35151,35155,35159],{},[158,35141,35142],{},[72,35143,3247,35144,3180],{"href":34515},[15,35145,34518],{},[158,35147,35148],{},[72,35149,35150],{"href":34911},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[158,35152,35153],{},[72,35154,34642],{"href":34641},[158,35156,35157],{},[72,35158,34648],{"href":34647},[158,35160,35161],{},[72,35162,3247,35163,3180],{"href":34299},[15,35164,1970],{},[20,35166,35167,35168,35170,35171,35173],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35169,33801],{}," together with ",[15,35172,34518],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1597,35175,35176],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":35178},[35179,35180,35182,35187,35192,35194,35195,35201,35206,35213,35214,35224],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":33978,"depth":103,"text":35181},"What dir() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":35183},[35184,35186],{"id":34031,"depth":119,"text":35185},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34087,"depth":119,"text":33873},{"id":34155,"depth":103,"text":35188,"children":35189},"Using dir() with a value",[35190,35191],{"id":34167,"depth":119,"text":34168},{"id":34228,"depth":119,"text":34229},{"id":34308,"depth":103,"text":35193},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34408,"depth":103,"text":34409},{"id":34554,"depth":103,"text":35196,"children":35197},"dir() on modules",[35198,35200],{"id":34568,"depth":119,"text":35199},"Example: math module",{"id":34651,"depth":119,"text":34652},{"id":34701,"depth":103,"text":35202,"children":35203},"dir() vs help()",[35204,35205],{"id":33862,"depth":119,"text":33801},{"id":31641,"depth":119,"text":34518},{"id":24842,"depth":103,"text":24843,"children":35207},[35208,35210,35211,35212],{"id":34807,"depth":119,"text":35209},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34828,"depth":119,"text":34829},{"id":34838,"depth":119,"text":34839},{"id":34868,"depth":119,"text":34869},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":35215},[35216,35218,35220,35222],{"id":35091,"depth":119,"text":35217},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35099,"depth":119,"text":35219},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35114,"depth":119,"text":35221},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35124,"depth":119,"text":35223},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33793,"description":35225},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35232,"title":35233,"body":35234,"description":37054,"extension":1632,"meta":37055,"navigation":312,"path":37056,"seo":37057,"stem":37058,"__hash__":37059},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35235,"toc":37023},[35236,35242,35247,35250,35258,35264,35266,35346,35348,35374,35379,35384,35389,35392,35403,35406,35408,35487,35489,35515,35522,35524,35526,35551,35554,35567,35572,35574,35655,35657,35683,35692,35697,35705,35711,35718,35721,35723,35802,35805,35862,35864,35901,35907,35912,35917,35920,35934,35936,36039,36041,36084,36093,36103,36110,36116,36123,36206,36208,36231,36234,36237,36239,36243,36247,36250,36313,36336,36339,36343,36349,36351,36418,36421,36498,36503,36509,36512,36515,36561,36563,36587,36592,36596,36601,36607,36670,36673,36675,36678,36703,36706,36841,36843,36944,36946,36951,36954,36960,36970,36978,36983,36989,36995,36997,37020],[10,35237,3247,35239,3251],{"id":35238},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35240,35241],{},"enumerate()",[20,35243,35244,35246],{},[15,35245,35241],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35248,35249],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[155,35251,35252,35255],{},[158,35253,35254],{},"the item itself",[158,35256,35257],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35259,35260,35261,35263],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35262,35241],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[35,35265,38],{"id":37},[40,35267,35269],{"className":42,"code":35268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35270,35271,35303,35307,35330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35272,35273,35275,35277,35279,35281,35283,35285,35287,35289,35291,35293,35295,35297,35299,35301],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35274,12553],{"class":55},[49,35276,60],{"class":59},[49,35278,3296],{"class":63},[49,35280,68],{"class":67},[49,35282,12570],{"class":71},[49,35284,68],{"class":67},[49,35286,84],{"class":63},[49,35288,87],{"class":67},[49,35290,16937],{"class":71},[49,35292,68],{"class":67},[49,35294,84],{"class":63},[49,35296,87],{"class":67},[49,35298,12587],{"class":71},[49,35300,68],{"class":67},[49,35302,3309],{"class":63},[49,35304,35305],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35306,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,35308,35309,35311,35314,35316,35319,35321,35324,35326,35328],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35310,5630],{"class":973},[49,35312,35313],{"class":55}," index",[49,35315,84],{"class":63},[49,35317,35318],{"class":55}," color ",[49,35320,3555],{"class":973},[49,35322,35323],{"class":122}," enumerate",[49,35325,126],{"class":63},[49,35327,16984],{"class":112},[49,35329,8016],{"class":63},[49,35331,35332,35334,35336,35339,35341,35344],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,35333,7742],{"class":122},[49,35335,126],{"class":63},[49,35337,35338],{"class":112},"index",[49,35340,84],{"class":63},[49,35342,35343],{"class":112}," color",[49,35345,335],{"class":63},[20,35347,573],{},[40,35349,35351],{"className":42,"code":35350,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35352,35353,35360,35367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35354,35355,35357],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35356,1790],{"class":80},[49,35358,35359],{"class":55}," red\n",[49,35361,35362,35364],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35363,2659],{"class":80},[49,35365,35366],{"class":55}," green\n",[49,35368,35369,35371],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35370,1725],{"class":80},[49,35372,35373],{"class":55}," blue\n",[20,35375,1762,35376,35378],{},[15,35377,35241],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[35,35380,144,35382,147],{"id":35381},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35383,35241],{},[20,35385,35386,35388],{},[15,35387,35241],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35390,35391],{},"It is commonly used with:",[155,35393,35394,35396,35398,35400],{},[158,35395,4972],{},[158,35397,4975],{},[158,35399,4981],{},[158,35401,35402],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35404,35405],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35407,1244],{},[40,35409,35411],{"className":42,"code":35410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35412,35413,35447,35451,35472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35414,35415,35417,35419,35421,35423,35425,35427,35429,35431,35434,35436,35438,35440,35443,35445],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35416,4668],{"class":55},[49,35418,60],{"class":59},[49,35420,3296],{"class":63},[49,35422,68],{"class":67},[49,35424,12357],{"class":71},[49,35426,68],{"class":67},[49,35428,84],{"class":63},[49,35430,87],{"class":67},[49,35432,35433],{"class":71},"Ben",[49,35435,68],{"class":67},[49,35437,84],{"class":63},[49,35439,87],{"class":67},[49,35441,35442],{"class":71},"Cara",[49,35444,68],{"class":67},[49,35446,3309],{"class":63},[49,35448,35449],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35450,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,35452,35453,35455,35457,35459,35462,35464,35466,35468,35470],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35454,5630],{"class":973},[49,35456,35313],{"class":55},[49,35458,84],{"class":63},[49,35460,35461],{"class":55}," name ",[49,35463,3555],{"class":973},[49,35465,35323],{"class":122},[49,35467,126],{"class":63},[49,35469,4712],{"class":112},[49,35471,8016],{"class":63},[49,35473,35474,35476,35478,35480,35482,35485],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,35475,7742],{"class":122},[49,35477,126],{"class":63},[49,35479,35338],{"class":112},[49,35481,84],{"class":63},[49,35483,35484],{"class":112}," name",[49,35486,335],{"class":63},[20,35488,573],{},[40,35490,35492],{"className":42,"code":35491,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35493,35494,35501,35508],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35495,35496,35498],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35497,1790],{"class":80},[49,35499,35500],{"class":55}," Ana\n",[49,35502,35503,35505],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35504,2659],{"class":80},[49,35506,35507],{"class":55}," Ben\n",[49,35509,35510,35512],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35511,1725],{"class":80},[49,35513,35514],{"class":55}," Cara\n",[20,35516,35517,35518,109],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[72,35519,35521],{"href":35520},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[35,35523,189],{"id":188},[20,35525,1830],{},[40,35527,35529],{"className":42,"code":35528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35530,35531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35532,35533,35536,35538,35540,35542,35545,35547,35549],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35534,35535],{"class":122},"enumerate",[49,35537,126],{"class":63},[49,35539,3394],{"class":112},[49,35541,84],{"class":63},[49,35543,35544],{"class":8847}," start",[49,35546,60],{"class":59},[49,35548,1790],{"class":80},[49,35550,335],{"class":63},[20,35552,35553],{},"It has two parts:",[155,35555,35556,35561],{},[158,35557,35558,35560],{},[15,35559,3394],{},": the object you want to loop through",[158,35562,35563,35566],{},[15,35564,35565],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35568,35569,35570,109],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35571,1790],{},[20,35573,1244],{},[40,35575,35577],{"className":42,"code":35576,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35578,35579,35612,35616,35639],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35580,35581,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596,35598,35600,35602,35604,35606,35608,35610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35582,35583],{"class":55},"letters ",[49,35585,60],{"class":59},[49,35587,3296],{"class":63},[49,35589,68],{"class":67},[49,35591,72],{"class":71},[49,35593,68],{"class":67},[49,35595,84],{"class":63},[49,35597,87],{"class":67},[49,35599,90],{"class":71},[49,35601,68],{"class":67},[49,35603,84],{"class":63},[49,35605,87],{"class":67},[49,35607,9406],{"class":71},[49,35609,68],{"class":67},[49,35611,3309],{"class":63},[49,35613,35614],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35615,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,35617,35618,35620,35623,35625,35628,35630,35632,35634,35637],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35619,5630],{"class":973},[49,35621,35622],{"class":55}," i",[49,35624,84],{"class":63},[49,35626,35627],{"class":55}," letter ",[49,35629,3555],{"class":973},[49,35631,35323],{"class":122},[49,35633,126],{"class":63},[49,35635,35636],{"class":112},"letters",[49,35638,8016],{"class":63},[49,35640,35641,35643,35645,35648,35650,35653],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,35642,7742],{"class":122},[49,35644,126],{"class":63},[49,35646,35647],{"class":112},"i",[49,35649,84],{"class":63},[49,35651,35652],{"class":112}," letter",[49,35654,335],{"class":63},[20,35656,573],{},[40,35658,35660],{"className":42,"code":35659,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35661,35662,35669,35676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35663,35664,35666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35665,1790],{"class":80},[49,35667,35668],{"class":55}," a\n",[49,35670,35671,35673],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35672,2659],{"class":80},[49,35674,35675],{"class":55}," b\n",[49,35677,35678,35680],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35679,1725],{"class":80},[49,35681,35682],{"class":55}," c\n",[20,35684,35685,35686,109],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[72,35687,3247,35689,3180],{"href":35688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35690,35691],{},"range()",[35,35693,144,35695,475],{"id":35694},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35696,35241],{},[20,35698,35699,35701,35702,109],{},[15,35700,35241],{}," returns an ",[30,35703,35704],{},"enumerate object",[20,35706,35707,35708,35710],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35709,5630],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[155,35712,35713],{},[158,35714,35715],{},[15,35716,35717],{},"(index, item)",[20,35719,35720],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35722,1244],{},[40,35724,35726],{"className":42,"code":35725,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35727,35728,35761,35765,35787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35729,35730,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35731,35732],{"class":55},"fruits ",[49,35734,60],{"class":59},[49,35736,3296],{"class":63},[49,35738,68],{"class":67},[49,35740,3751],{"class":71},[49,35742,68],{"class":67},[49,35744,84],{"class":63},[49,35746,87],{"class":67},[49,35748,3760],{"class":71},[49,35750,68],{"class":67},[49,35752,84],{"class":63},[49,35754,87],{"class":67},[49,35756,32710],{"class":71},[49,35758,68],{"class":67},[49,35760,3309],{"class":63},[49,35762,35763],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35764,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,35766,35767,35769,35771,35773,35776,35778,35780,35782,35785],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35768,5630],{"class":973},[49,35770,35313],{"class":55},[49,35772,84],{"class":63},[49,35774,35775],{"class":55}," fruit ",[49,35777,3555],{"class":973},[49,35779,35323],{"class":122},[49,35781,126],{"class":63},[49,35783,35784],{"class":112},"fruits",[49,35786,8016],{"class":63},[49,35788,35789,35791,35793,35795,35797,35800],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,35790,7742],{"class":122},[49,35792,126],{"class":63},[49,35794,35338],{"class":112},[49,35796,84],{"class":63},[49,35798,35799],{"class":112}," fruit",[49,35801,335],{"class":63},[20,35803,35804],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[40,35806,35808],{"className":42,"code":35807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35809,35810,35830,35834,35852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35811,35812,35814,35816,35818,35820,35822,35824,35826,35828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35813,3291],{"class":55},[49,35815,60],{"class":59},[49,35817,3296],{"class":63},[49,35819,1999],{"class":80},[49,35821,84],{"class":63},[49,35823,7462],{"class":80},[49,35825,84],{"class":63},[49,35827,7467],{"class":80},[49,35829,3309],{"class":63},[49,35831,35832],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35833,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,35835,35836,35838,35840,35842,35844,35846,35848,35850],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35837,534],{"class":55},[49,35839,60],{"class":59},[49,35841,22044],{"class":1428},[49,35843,126],{"class":63},[49,35845,35535],{"class":122},[49,35847,126],{"class":63},[49,35849,3323],{"class":112},[49,35851,1436],{"class":63},[49,35853,35854,35856,35858,35860],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,35855,123],{"class":122},[49,35857,126],{"class":63},[49,35859,558],{"class":112},[49,35861,335],{"class":63},[20,35863,573],{},[40,35865,35867],{"className":42,"code":35866,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35868,35869],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35870,35871,35873,35875,35877,35879,35881,35883,35885,35887,35889,35891,35893,35895,35897,35899],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35872,21224],{"class":63},[49,35874,1790],{"class":80},[49,35876,84],{"class":63},[49,35878,5677],{"class":80},[49,35880,8904],{"class":63},[49,35882,8907],{"class":63},[49,35884,2659],{"class":80},[49,35886,84],{"class":63},[49,35888,7462],{"class":80},[49,35890,8904],{"class":63},[49,35892,8907],{"class":63},[49,35894,1725],{"class":80},[49,35896,84],{"class":63},[49,35898,7467],{"class":80},[49,35900,8920],{"class":63},[20,35902,35903,35904,35906],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35905,35241],{}," produces.",[35,35908,1223,35910],{"id":35909},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35911,35241],{},[20,35913,1762,35914,35916],{},[15,35915,35241],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35918,35919],{},"Common cases:",[155,35921,35922,35925,35928,35931],{},[158,35923,35924],{},"printing numbered output",[158,35926,35927],{},"building menus",[158,35929,35930],{},"showing positions in a list",[158,35932,35933],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35935,1244],{},[40,35937,35939],{"className":42,"code":35938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35940,35941,35976,35980,36010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35942,35943,35945,35947,35949,35951,35954,35956,35958,35960,35963,35965,35967,35969,35972,35974],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35944,29385],{"class":55},[49,35946,60],{"class":59},[49,35948,3296],{"class":63},[49,35950,68],{"class":67},[49,35952,35953],{"class":71},"Wash dishes",[49,35955,68],{"class":67},[49,35957,84],{"class":63},[49,35959,87],{"class":67},[49,35961,35962],{"class":71},"Study Python",[49,35964,68],{"class":67},[49,35966,84],{"class":63},[49,35968,87],{"class":67},[49,35970,35971],{"class":71},"Go for a walk",[49,35973,68],{"class":67},[49,35975,3309],{"class":63},[49,35977,35978],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,35979,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,35981,35982,35984,35986,35988,35991,35993,35995,35997,36000,36002,36004,36006,36008],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,35983,5630],{"class":973},[49,35985,1866],{"class":55},[49,35987,84],{"class":63},[49,35989,35990],{"class":55}," task ",[49,35992,3555],{"class":973},[49,35994,35323],{"class":122},[49,35996,126],{"class":63},[49,35998,35999],{"class":112},"tasks",[49,36001,84],{"class":63},[49,36003,35544],{"class":8847},[49,36005,60],{"class":59},[49,36007,2659],{"class":80},[49,36009,8016],{"class":63},[49,36011,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36033,36035,36037],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,36013,7742],{"class":122},[49,36015,126],{"class":63},[49,36017,21778],{"class":1734},[49,36019,68],{"class":71},[49,36021,8949],{"class":80},[49,36023,1908],{"class":112},[49,36025,21787],{"class":80},[49,36027,27800],{"class":71},[49,36029,8949],{"class":80},[49,36031,36032],{"class":112},"task",[49,36034,21787],{"class":80},[49,36036,68],{"class":71},[49,36038,335],{"class":63},[20,36040,573],{},[40,36042,36044],{"className":42,"code":36043,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36045,36046,36058,36070],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36047,36048,36050,36052,36055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36049,2659],{"class":80},[49,36051,109],{"class":63},[49,36053,36054],{"class":24235}," Wash",[49,36056,36057],{"class":55}," dishes\n",[49,36059,36060,36062,36064,36067],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36061,1725],{"class":80},[49,36063,109],{"class":63},[49,36065,36066],{"class":24235}," Study",[49,36068,36069],{"class":55}," Python\n",[49,36071,36072,36074,36076,36079,36081],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36073,1731],{"class":80},[49,36075,109],{"class":63},[49,36077,36078],{"class":24235}," Go",[49,36080,3549],{"class":973},[49,36082,36083],{"class":55}," a walk\n",[20,36085,36086,36087,36089,36090,109],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36088,35241],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36091,36092],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36094,36095,36096,109],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[72,36097,36099,36100,36102],{"href":36098},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36101,35241],{}," in Python",[35,36104,36106,36107,36109],{"id":36105},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36108,35565],{}," argument",[20,36111,36112,36113,36115],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36114,35565],{}," argument.",[20,36117,36118,36119,10754,36121,77],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36120,2659],{},[15,36122,1790],{},[40,36124,36126],{"className":42,"code":36125,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36127,36128,36160,36164,36192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36129,36130,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140,36142,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36131,12553],{"class":55},[49,36133,60],{"class":59},[49,36135,3296],{"class":63},[49,36137,68],{"class":67},[49,36139,12570],{"class":71},[49,36141,68],{"class":67},[49,36143,84],{"class":63},[49,36145,87],{"class":67},[49,36147,16937],{"class":71},[49,36149,68],{"class":67},[49,36151,84],{"class":63},[49,36153,87],{"class":67},[49,36155,12587],{"class":71},[49,36157,68],{"class":67},[49,36159,3309],{"class":63},[49,36161,36162],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36163,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,36165,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186,36188,36190],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36167,5630],{"class":973},[49,36169,35313],{"class":55},[49,36171,84],{"class":63},[49,36173,35318],{"class":55},[49,36175,3555],{"class":973},[49,36177,35323],{"class":122},[49,36179,126],{"class":63},[49,36181,16984],{"class":112},[49,36183,84],{"class":63},[49,36185,35544],{"class":8847},[49,36187,60],{"class":59},[49,36189,2659],{"class":80},[49,36191,8016],{"class":63},[49,36193,36194,36196,36198,36200,36202,36204],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,36195,7742],{"class":122},[49,36197,126],{"class":63},[49,36199,35338],{"class":112},[49,36201,84],{"class":63},[49,36203,35343],{"class":112},[49,36205,335],{"class":63},[20,36207,573],{},[40,36209,36211],{"className":42,"code":36210,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36212,36213,36219,36225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36214,36215,36217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36216,2659],{"class":80},[49,36218,35359],{"class":55},[49,36220,36221,36223],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36222,1725],{"class":80},[49,36224,35366],{"class":55},[49,36226,36227,36229],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36228,1731],{"class":80},[49,36230,35373],{"class":55},[20,36232,36233],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36235,36236],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[35,36238,24843],{"id":24842},[20,36240,24846,36241,109],{},[15,36242,35241],{},[591,36244,36246],{"id":36245},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36248,36249],{},"In this loop:",[40,36251,36253],{"className":42,"code":36252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36254,36255,36275,36279,36299],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36256,36257,36259,36261,36263,36265,36267,36269,36271,36273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36258,3291],{"class":55},[49,36260,60],{"class":59},[49,36262,3296],{"class":63},[49,36264,1999],{"class":80},[49,36266,84],{"class":63},[49,36268,7462],{"class":80},[49,36270,84],{"class":63},[49,36272,7467],{"class":80},[49,36274,3309],{"class":63},[49,36276,36277],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36278,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,36280,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289,36291,36293,36295,36297],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36282,5630],{"class":973},[49,36284,35313],{"class":55},[49,36286,84],{"class":63},[49,36288,21068],{"class":55},[49,36290,3555],{"class":973},[49,36292,35323],{"class":122},[49,36294,126],{"class":63},[49,36296,3323],{"class":112},[49,36298,8016],{"class":63},[49,36300,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,36302,7742],{"class":122},[49,36304,126],{"class":63},[49,36306,35338],{"class":112},[49,36308,84],{"class":63},[49,36310,8108],{"class":112},[49,36312,335],{"class":63},[155,36314,36315,36325],{},[158,36316,36317,4457,36319,1858,36321,1858,36323],{},[15,36318,35338],{},[15,36320,1790],{},[15,36322,2659],{},[15,36324,1725],{},[158,36326,36327,4457,36329,1858,36331,1858,36333],{},[15,36328,2142],{},[15,36330,1999],{},[15,36332,15234],{},[15,36334,36335],{},"30",[20,36337,36338],{},"These are different things.",[591,36340,36342],{"id":36341},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36344,36345,36346,36348],{},"Each item from ",[15,36347,35241],{}," is a pair.",[20,36350,6358],{},[40,36352,36354],{"className":42,"code":36353,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36355,36356,36380,36384,36404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36357,36358,36360,36362,36364,36366,36368,36370,36372,36374,36376,36378],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36359,7451],{"class":55},[49,36361,60],{"class":59},[49,36363,3296],{"class":63},[49,36365,68],{"class":67},[49,36367,504],{"class":71},[49,36369,68],{"class":67},[49,36371,84],{"class":63},[49,36373,87],{"class":67},[49,36375,517],{"class":71},[49,36377,68],{"class":67},[49,36379,3309],{"class":63},[49,36381,36382],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36383,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,36385,36386,36388,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398,36400,36402],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36387,5630],{"class":973},[49,36389,35622],{"class":55},[49,36391,84],{"class":63},[49,36393,5633],{"class":55},[49,36395,3555],{"class":973},[49,36397,35323],{"class":122},[49,36399,126],{"class":63},[49,36401,7482],{"class":112},[49,36403,8016],{"class":63},[49,36405,36406,36408,36410,36412,36414,36416],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,36407,7742],{"class":122},[49,36409,126],{"class":63},[49,36411,35647],{"class":112},[49,36413,84],{"class":63},[49,36415,28994],{"class":112},[49,36417,335],{"class":63},[20,36419,36420],{},"But this causes an error:",[40,36422,36424],{"className":42,"code":36423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36425,36426,36450,36454,36479],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36427,36428,36430,36432,36434,36436,36438,36440,36442,36444,36446,36448],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36429,7451],{"class":55},[49,36431,60],{"class":59},[49,36433,3296],{"class":63},[49,36435,68],{"class":67},[49,36437,504],{"class":71},[49,36439,68],{"class":67},[49,36441,84],{"class":63},[49,36443,87],{"class":67},[49,36445,517],{"class":71},[49,36447,68],{"class":67},[49,36449,3309],{"class":63},[49,36451,36452],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36453,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,36455,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36457,5630],{"class":973},[49,36459,35622],{"class":55},[49,36461,84],{"class":63},[49,36463,28994],{"class":55},[49,36465,84],{"class":63},[49,36467,36468],{"class":55}," extra ",[49,36470,3555],{"class":973},[49,36472,35323],{"class":122},[49,36474,126],{"class":63},[49,36476,7482],{"class":112},[49,36478,8016],{"class":63},[49,36480,36481,36483,36485,36487,36489,36491,36493,36496],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,36482,7742],{"class":122},[49,36484,126],{"class":63},[49,36486,35647],{"class":112},[49,36488,84],{"class":63},[49,36490,28994],{"class":112},[49,36492,84],{"class":63},[49,36494,36495],{"class":112}," extra",[49,36497,335],{"class":63},[20,36499,28548,36500,36502],{},[15,36501,35241],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[591,36504,36506,36508],{"id":36505},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36507,35241],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36510,36511],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36513,36514],{},"Example with a string:",[40,36516,36518],{"className":42,"code":36517,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36519,36520,36546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36521,36522,36524,36526,36528,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36542,36544],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36523,5630],{"class":973},[49,36525,35313],{"class":55},[49,36527,84],{"class":63},[49,36529,36530],{"class":55}," char ",[49,36532,3555],{"class":973},[49,36534,35323],{"class":122},[49,36536,126],{"class":63},[49,36538,68],{"class":67},[49,36540,36541],{"class":71},"cat",[49,36543,68],{"class":67},[49,36545,8016],{"class":63},[49,36547,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36559],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36549,7742],{"class":122},[49,36551,126],{"class":63},[49,36553,35338],{"class":112},[49,36555,84],{"class":63},[49,36557,36558],{"class":112}," char",[49,36560,335],{"class":63},[20,36562,573],{},[40,36564,36566],{"className":42,"code":36565,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36567,36568,36574,36580],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36569,36570,36572],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36571,1790],{"class":80},[49,36573,35682],{"class":55},[49,36575,36576,36578],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36577,2659],{"class":80},[49,36579,35668],{"class":55},[49,36581,36582,36584],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36583,1725],{"class":80},[49,36585,36586],{"class":55}," t\n",[20,36588,36589,36590,109],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[72,36591,4810],{"href":5258},[591,36593,36595],{"id":36594},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36597,36598,36599,109],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36600,35241],{},[20,36602,36603,36604,36606],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36605,5630],{}," loop:",[40,36608,36610],{"className":42,"code":36609,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36611,36612,36644,36648,36660],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36613,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36615,12553],{"class":55},[49,36617,60],{"class":59},[49,36619,3296],{"class":63},[49,36621,68],{"class":67},[49,36623,12570],{"class":71},[49,36625,68],{"class":67},[49,36627,84],{"class":63},[49,36629,87],{"class":67},[49,36631,16937],{"class":71},[49,36633,68],{"class":67},[49,36635,84],{"class":63},[49,36637,87],{"class":67},[49,36639,12587],{"class":71},[49,36641,68],{"class":67},[49,36643,3309],{"class":63},[49,36645,36646],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36647,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,36649,36650,36652,36654,36656,36658],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36651,5630],{"class":973},[49,36653,35318],{"class":55},[49,36655,3555],{"class":973},[49,36657,12601],{"class":55},[49,36659,6067],{"class":63},[49,36661,36662,36664,36666,36668],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,36663,7742],{"class":122},[49,36665,126],{"class":63},[49,36667,32380],{"class":112},[49,36669,335],{"class":63},[20,36671,36672],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[35,36674,1376],{"id":1375},[20,36676,36677],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[155,36679,36680,36685,36691,36696],{},[158,36681,22585,36682,36684],{},[15,36683,35241],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[158,36686,36687,36688,36690],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36689,1790],{}," by default",[158,36692,8092,36693,36695],{},[15,36694,35241],{}," when only values are needed",[158,36697,36698,36699,8379,36701],{},"Confusing ",[15,36700,35241],{},[15,36702,35691],{},[20,36704,36705],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[40,36707,36709],{"className":42,"code":36708,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36710,36711,36733,36760,36794,36827],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36712,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36714,123],{"class":122},[49,36716,126],{"class":63},[49,36718,35535],{"class":122},[49,36720,2656],{"class":63},[49,36722,1999],{"class":80},[49,36724,84],{"class":63},[49,36726,7462],{"class":80},[49,36728,84],{"class":63},[49,36730,7467],{"class":80},[49,36732,2670],{"class":63},[49,36734,36735,36737,36739,36741,36743,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36736,123],{"class":122},[49,36738,126],{"class":63},[49,36740,7767],{"class":1428},[49,36742,126],{"class":63},[49,36744,35535],{"class":122},[49,36746,2656],{"class":63},[49,36748,1999],{"class":80},[49,36750,84],{"class":63},[49,36752,7462],{"class":80},[49,36754,84],{"class":63},[49,36756,7467],{"class":80},[49,36758,36759],{"class":63},"])))\n",[49,36761,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36763,123],{"class":122},[49,36765,126],{"class":63},[49,36767,7767],{"class":1428},[49,36769,126],{"class":63},[49,36771,35535],{"class":122},[49,36773,2656],{"class":63},[49,36775,1999],{"class":80},[49,36777,84],{"class":63},[49,36779,7462],{"class":80},[49,36781,84],{"class":63},[49,36783,7467],{"class":80},[49,36785,17544],{"class":63},[49,36787,35544],{"class":8847},[49,36789,60],{"class":59},[49,36791,2659],{"class":80},[49,36793,2582],{"class":63},[49,36795,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,36797,5630],{"class":973},[49,36799,35622],{"class":55},[49,36801,84],{"class":63},[49,36803,21068],{"class":55},[49,36805,3555],{"class":973},[49,36807,35323],{"class":122},[49,36809,2656],{"class":63},[49,36811,397],{"class":67},[49,36813,72],{"class":71},[49,36815,397],{"class":67},[49,36817,84],{"class":63},[49,36819,406],{"class":67},[49,36821,90],{"class":71},[49,36823,397],{"class":67},[49,36825,36826],{"class":63},"]):\n",[49,36828,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,36830,7742],{"class":122},[49,36832,126],{"class":63},[49,36834,35647],{"class":112},[49,36836,84],{"class":63},[49,36838,8108],{"class":112},[49,36840,335],{"class":63},[20,36842,16439],{},[40,36844,36846],{"className":42,"code":36845,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36847,36848,36868,36900,36932,36938],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36849,36850,36852,36854,36856,36859,36863,36866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36851,2962],{"class":59},[49,36853,35535],{"class":122},[49,36855,24102],{"class":1428},[49,36857,36858],{"class":55}," at ",[49,36860,36862],{"class":36861},"srjyR","0x",[49,36864,36865],{"class":33943},"...",[49,36867,2974],{"class":59},[49,36869,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,36871,21224],{"class":63},[49,36873,1790],{"class":80},[49,36875,84],{"class":63},[49,36877,5677],{"class":80},[49,36879,8904],{"class":63},[49,36881,8907],{"class":63},[49,36883,2659],{"class":80},[49,36885,84],{"class":63},[49,36887,7462],{"class":80},[49,36889,8904],{"class":63},[49,36891,8907],{"class":63},[49,36893,1725],{"class":80},[49,36895,84],{"class":63},[49,36897,7467],{"class":80},[49,36899,8920],{"class":63},[49,36901,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,36903,21224],{"class":63},[49,36905,2659],{"class":80},[49,36907,84],{"class":63},[49,36909,5677],{"class":80},[49,36911,8904],{"class":63},[49,36913,8907],{"class":63},[49,36915,1725],{"class":80},[49,36917,84],{"class":63},[49,36919,7462],{"class":80},[49,36921,8904],{"class":63},[49,36923,8907],{"class":63},[49,36925,1731],{"class":80},[49,36927,84],{"class":63},[49,36929,7467],{"class":80},[49,36931,8920],{"class":63},[49,36933,36934,36936],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,36935,1790],{"class":80},[49,36937,35668],{"class":55},[49,36939,36940,36942],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,36941,2659],{"class":80},[49,36943,35675],{"class":55},[35,36945,1498],{"id":1497},[591,36947,1512,36949,4818],{"id":36948},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36950,35241],{},[20,36952,36953],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[591,36955,1502,36957,36959],{"id":36956},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36958,35241],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,36961,36962,36963,36965,36966,36969],{},"It starts at ",[15,36964,1790],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,36967,36968],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[591,36971,20904,36973,10754,36975,1529],{"id":36972},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,36974,35241],{},[15,36976,36977],{},"range(len(list))",[20,36979,36086,36980,36982],{},[15,36981,35241],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[591,36984,4842,36986,36988],{"id":36985},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,36987,35241],{}," be used with strings?",[20,36990,36991,36992,36994],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,36993,35241],{}," can return each character with its index.",[35,36996,1550],{"id":1549},[155,36998,36999,37003,37009,37016],{},[158,37000,37001],{},[72,37002,35521],{"href":35520},[158,37004,37005],{},[72,37006,3247,37007,3180],{"href":35688},[15,37008,35691],{},[158,37010,37011],{},[72,37012,37013,37014,36102],{"href":36098},"How to use ",[15,37015,35241],{},[158,37017,37018],{},[72,37019,4888],{"href":5258},[1597,37021,37022],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":37024},[37025,37026,37028,37029,37031,37033,37035,37042,37043,37053],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":35381,"depth":103,"text":37027},"What enumerate() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":35694,"depth":103,"text":37030},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35909,"depth":103,"text":37032},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36105,"depth":103,"text":37034},"Using the start argument",{"id":24842,"depth":103,"text":24843,"children":37036},[37037,37038,37039,37041],{"id":36245,"depth":119,"text":36246},{"id":36341,"depth":119,"text":36342},{"id":36505,"depth":119,"text":37040},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36594,"depth":119,"text":36595},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":37044},[37045,37047,37049,37051],{"id":36948,"depth":119,"text":37046},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36956,"depth":119,"text":37048},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36972,"depth":119,"text":37050},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36985,"depth":119,"text":37052},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35233,"description":37054},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37061,"title":37062,"body":37063,"description":39579,"extension":1632,"meta":39580,"navigation":312,"path":39581,"seo":39582,"stem":39583,"__hash__":39584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37064,"toc":39536},[37065,37071,37076,37079,37087,37101,37103,37194,37202,37207,37212,37214,37230,37232,37311,37313,37330,37336,37340,37342,37363,37367,37370,37382,37386,37389,37392,37409,37412,37488,37490,37507,37512,37516,37524,37527,37542,37544,37633,37635,37680,37683,37687,37690,37769,37771,37793,37796,37803,37808,37811,37914,37916,37941,37944,37951,37957,37962,37965,37976,38082,38084,38105,38113,38120,38126,38145,38150,38153,38172,38174,38259,38261,38290,38293,38298,38303,38306,38317,38319,38408,38410,38430,38436,38542,38544,38564,38567,38651,38653,38673,38680,38682,38686,38692,38695,38752,38755,38758,38819,38828,38831,38834,38862,38865,38925,38927,38944,38948,38951,39029,39031,39051,39054,39129,39133,39136,39138,39147,39152,39154,39205,39213,39225,39230,39291,39293,39310,39314,39377,39379,39404,39412,39414,39420,39426,39433,39441,39447,39450,39457,39467,39473,39479,39482,39499,39505,39507,39533],[10,37066,3247,37068,3251],{"id":37067},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37069,37070],{},"filter()",[20,37072,37073,37075],{},[15,37074,37070],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37077,37078],{},"It takes:",[155,37080,37081,37084],{},[158,37082,37083],{},"a function that checks each item",[158,37085,37086],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37088,37089,37090,37093,37094,37097,37098,37100],{},"The result is ",[30,37091,37092],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37095,37096],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37099,24266],{}," to see the values.",[35,37102,38],{"id":37},[40,37104,37106],{"className":42,"code":37105,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37107,37108,37141,37177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37109,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37139],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37111,3291],{"class":55},[49,37113,60],{"class":59},[49,37115,3296],{"class":63},[49,37117,2659],{"class":80},[49,37119,84],{"class":63},[49,37121,97],{"class":80},[49,37123,84],{"class":63},[49,37125,2120],{"class":80},[49,37127,84],{"class":63},[49,37129,2126],{"class":80},[49,37131,84],{"class":63},[49,37133,4279],{"class":80},[49,37135,84],{"class":63},[49,37137,37138],{"class":80}," 6",[49,37140,3309],{"class":63},[49,37142,37143,37145,37147,37150,37152,37155,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37144,534],{"class":55},[49,37146,60],{"class":59},[49,37148,37149],{"class":122}," filter",[49,37151,126],{"class":63},[49,37153,37154],{"class":1734},"lambda",[49,37156,37158],{"class":37157},"sFwrP"," x",[49,37160,77],{"class":63},[49,37162,3552],{"class":112},[49,37164,6077],{"class":59},[49,37166,97],{"class":80},[49,37168,6082],{"class":59},[49,37170,3506],{"class":80},[49,37172,84],{"class":63},[49,37174,3936],{"class":112},[49,37176,335],{"class":63},[49,37178,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,37180,123],{"class":122},[49,37182,126],{"class":63},[49,37184,7767],{"class":1428},[49,37186,126],{"class":63},[49,37188,558],{"class":112},[49,37190,5034],{"class":63},[49,37192,37193],{"class":134},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37195,37196,37198,37199,37201],{},[15,37197,37070],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37200,24266],{}," to see the results.",[35,37203,144,37205,147],{"id":37204},"what-filter-does",[15,37206,37070],{},[20,37208,37209,37211],{},[15,37210,37070],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37213,1777],{},[155,37215,37216,37219,37225],{},[158,37217,37218],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[158,37220,37221,37222,37224],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37223,3276],{},", the item is kept",[158,37226,37221,37227,37229],{},[15,37228,3348],{},", the item is removed",[20,37231,1244],{},[40,37233,37235],{"className":42,"code":37234,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37236,37237,37265,37269,37297],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37238,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37240,3291],{"class":55},[49,37242,60],{"class":59},[49,37244,3296],{"class":63},[49,37246,2659],{"class":80},[49,37248,84],{"class":63},[49,37250,97],{"class":80},[49,37252,84],{"class":63},[49,37254,2120],{"class":80},[49,37256,84],{"class":63},[49,37258,2126],{"class":80},[49,37260,84],{"class":63},[49,37262,4279],{"class":80},[49,37264,3309],{"class":63},[49,37266,37267],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37268,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,37270,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,37272,534],{"class":55},[49,37274,60],{"class":59},[49,37276,37149],{"class":122},[49,37278,126],{"class":63},[49,37280,37154],{"class":1734},[49,37282,37158],{"class":37157},[49,37284,77],{"class":63},[49,37286,3552],{"class":112},[49,37288,3925],{"class":59},[49,37290,2120],{"class":80},[49,37292,84],{"class":63},[49,37294,3936],{"class":112},[49,37296,335],{"class":63},[49,37298,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,37300,123],{"class":122},[49,37302,126],{"class":63},[49,37304,7767],{"class":1428},[49,37306,126],{"class":63},[49,37308,558],{"class":112},[49,37310,1436],{"class":63},[20,37312,573],{},[40,37314,37316],{"className":42,"code":37315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37317,37318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37319,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37321,3573],{"class":63},[49,37323,2174],{"class":80},[49,37325,84],{"class":63},[49,37327,4279],{"class":80},[49,37329,3309],{"class":63},[20,37331,37332,37333,37335],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37334,1731],{}," are kept.",[35,37337,37339],{"id":37338},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37341,1830],{},[40,37343,37345],{"className":42,"code":37344,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37346,37347],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37348,37349,37351,37353,37356,37358,37361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37350,37096],{"class":122},[49,37352,126],{"class":63},[49,37354,37355],{"class":112},"function",[49,37357,84],{"class":63},[49,37359,37360],{"class":112}," iterable",[49,37362,335],{"class":63},[591,37364,37365],{"id":37355},[15,37366,37355],{},[20,37368,37369],{},"This is the test function.",[155,37371,37372,37375],{},[158,37373,37374],{},"It receives one item at a time",[158,37376,37377,37378,2548,37380],{},"It should return ",[15,37379,3276],{},[15,37381,3348],{},[591,37383,37384],{"id":3394},[15,37385,3394],{},[20,37387,37388],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37390,37391],{},"It can be:",[155,37393,37394,37397,37400,37403,37406],{},[158,37395,37396],{},"a list",[158,37398,37399],{},"a tuple",[158,37401,37402],{},"a string",[158,37404,37405],{},"a set",[158,37407,37408],{},"another iterable object",[20,37410,37411],{},"Example with a tuple:",[40,37413,37415],{"className":42,"code":37414,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37416,37417,37442,37446,37474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37418,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37420,3291],{"class":55},[49,37422,60],{"class":59},[49,37424,8907],{"class":63},[49,37426,1999],{"class":80},[49,37428,84],{"class":63},[49,37430,37431],{"class":80}," 15",[49,37433,84],{"class":63},[49,37435,7462],{"class":80},[49,37437,84],{"class":63},[49,37439,279],{"class":80},[49,37441,335],{"class":63},[49,37443,37444],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37445,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,37447,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,37449,534],{"class":55},[49,37451,60],{"class":59},[49,37453,37149],{"class":122},[49,37455,126],{"class":63},[49,37457,37154],{"class":1734},[49,37459,37158],{"class":37157},[49,37461,77],{"class":63},[49,37463,3552],{"class":112},[49,37465,4772],{"class":59},[49,37467,7462],{"class":80},[49,37469,84],{"class":63},[49,37471,3936],{"class":112},[49,37473,335],{"class":63},[49,37475,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,37477,123],{"class":122},[49,37479,126],{"class":63},[49,37481,7767],{"class":1428},[49,37483,126],{"class":63},[49,37485,558],{"class":112},[49,37487,1436],{"class":63},[20,37489,573],{},[40,37491,37493],{"className":42,"code":37492,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37494,37495],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37496,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37498,3573],{"class":63},[49,37500,15234],{"class":80},[49,37502,84],{"class":63},[49,37504,279],{"class":80},[49,37506,3309],{"class":63},[20,37508,37509,37510,109],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[72,37511,4810],{"href":5258},[35,37513,37515],{"id":37514},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37517,37518,37519,21459,37521,109],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37520,37070],{},[30,37522,37523],{},"filter object",[20,37525,37526],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[155,37528,37529,37532,37537],{},[158,37530,37531],{},"loop through it",[158,37533,37534,37535],{},"convert it with ",[15,37536,24266],{},[158,37538,37534,37539],{},[15,37540,37541],{},"tuple()",[20,37543,1244],{},[40,37545,37547],{"className":42,"code":37546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37548,37549,37591,37595,37605,37619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37550,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585,37587,37589],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37552,534],{"class":55},[49,37554,60],{"class":59},[49,37556,37149],{"class":122},[49,37558,126],{"class":63},[49,37560,37154],{"class":1734},[49,37562,37158],{"class":37157},[49,37564,77],{"class":63},[49,37566,3552],{"class":112},[49,37568,3925],{"class":59},[49,37570,97],{"class":80},[49,37572,84],{"class":63},[49,37574,3296],{"class":63},[49,37576,2659],{"class":80},[49,37578,84],{"class":63},[49,37580,97],{"class":80},[49,37582,84],{"class":63},[49,37584,2120],{"class":80},[49,37586,84],{"class":63},[49,37588,2126],{"class":80},[49,37590,3561],{"class":63},[49,37592,37593],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37594,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,37596,37597,37599,37601,37603],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,37598,123],{"class":122},[49,37600,126],{"class":63},[49,37602,558],{"class":112},[49,37604,335],{"class":63},[49,37606,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,37608,123],{"class":122},[49,37610,126],{"class":63},[49,37612,1429],{"class":1428},[49,37614,126],{"class":63},[49,37616,558],{"class":112},[49,37618,1436],{"class":63},[49,37620,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,37622,123],{"class":122},[49,37624,126],{"class":63},[49,37626,7767],{"class":1428},[49,37628,126],{"class":63},[49,37630,558],{"class":112},[49,37632,1436],{"class":63},[20,37634,573],{},[40,37636,37638],{"className":42,"code":37637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37639,37640,37654,37668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37641,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650,37652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37643,2962],{"class":59},[49,37645,37096],{"class":122},[49,37647,24102],{"class":1428},[49,37649,36858],{"class":55},[49,37651,36865],{"class":33943},[49,37653,2974],{"class":59},[49,37655,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37657,2962],{"class":59},[49,37659,2965],{"class":1734},[49,37661,406],{"class":67},[49,37663,37096],{"class":71},[49,37665,397],{"class":67},[49,37667,2974],{"class":59},[49,37669,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,37671,3573],{"class":63},[49,37673,1731],{"class":80},[49,37675,84],{"class":63},[49,37677,2126],{"class":80},[49,37679,3309],{"class":63},[20,37681,37682],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[591,37684,37686],{"id":37685},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37688,37689],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[40,37691,37693],{"className":42,"code":37692,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37694,37695,37737,37741,37755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37696,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733,37735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37698,534],{"class":55},[49,37700,60],{"class":59},[49,37702,37149],{"class":122},[49,37704,126],{"class":63},[49,37706,37154],{"class":1734},[49,37708,37158],{"class":37157},[49,37710,77],{"class":63},[49,37712,3552],{"class":112},[49,37714,3925],{"class":59},[49,37716,97],{"class":80},[49,37718,84],{"class":63},[49,37720,3296],{"class":63},[49,37722,2659],{"class":80},[49,37724,84],{"class":63},[49,37726,97],{"class":80},[49,37728,84],{"class":63},[49,37730,2120],{"class":80},[49,37732,84],{"class":63},[49,37734,2126],{"class":80},[49,37736,3561],{"class":63},[49,37738,37739],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37740,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,37742,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,37744,123],{"class":122},[49,37746,126],{"class":63},[49,37748,7767],{"class":1428},[49,37750,126],{"class":63},[49,37752,558],{"class":112},[49,37754,1436],{"class":63},[49,37756,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,37758,123],{"class":122},[49,37760,126],{"class":63},[49,37762,7767],{"class":1428},[49,37764,126],{"class":63},[49,37766,558],{"class":112},[49,37768,1436],{"class":63},[20,37770,573],{},[40,37772,37774],{"className":42,"code":37773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37775,37776,37788],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37777,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37779,3573],{"class":63},[49,37781,1731],{"class":80},[49,37783,84],{"class":63},[49,37785,2126],{"class":80},[49,37787,3309],{"class":63},[49,37789,37790],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37791,37792],{"class":63},"[]\n",[20,37794,37795],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[35,37797,8092,37799,8379,37801],{"id":37798},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37800,37070],{},[15,37802,37154],{},[20,37804,14668,37805,37807],{},[15,37806,37154],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37809,37810],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[40,37812,37814],{"className":42,"code":37813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37815,37816,37858,37862,37900],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37817,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37854,37856],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37819,3742],{"class":55},[49,37821,60],{"class":59},[49,37823,3296],{"class":63},[49,37825,68],{"class":67},[49,37827,3751],{"class":71},[49,37829,68],{"class":67},[49,37831,84],{"class":63},[49,37833,87],{"class":67},[49,37835,37836],{"class":71},"kiwi",[49,37838,68],{"class":67},[49,37840,84],{"class":63},[49,37842,87],{"class":67},[49,37844,3760],{"class":71},[49,37846,68],{"class":67},[49,37848,84],{"class":63},[49,37850,87],{"class":67},[49,37852,37853],{"class":71},"fig",[49,37855,68],{"class":67},[49,37857,3309],{"class":63},[49,37859,37860],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37861,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,37863,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37877,37879,37882,37884,37887,37889,37892,37894,37896,37898],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,37865,534],{"class":55},[49,37867,60],{"class":59},[49,37869,37149],{"class":122},[49,37871,126],{"class":63},[49,37873,37154],{"class":1734},[49,37875,37876],{"class":37157}," word",[49,37878,77],{"class":63},[49,37880,37881],{"class":122}," len",[49,37883,126],{"class":63},[49,37885,37886],{"class":112},"word",[49,37888,131],{"class":63},[49,37890,37891],{"class":59}," >",[49,37893,2126],{"class":80},[49,37895,84],{"class":63},[49,37897,5841],{"class":112},[49,37899,335],{"class":63},[49,37901,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,37903,123],{"class":122},[49,37905,126],{"class":63},[49,37907,7767],{"class":1428},[49,37909,126],{"class":63},[49,37911,558],{"class":112},[49,37913,1436],{"class":63},[20,37915,573],{},[40,37917,37919],{"className":42,"code":37918,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37920,37921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37922,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37924,3573],{"class":63},[49,37926,397],{"class":67},[49,37928,3751],{"class":71},[49,37930,397],{"class":67},[49,37932,84],{"class":63},[49,37934,406],{"class":67},[49,37936,3760],{"class":71},[49,37938,397],{"class":67},[49,37940,3309],{"class":63},[20,37942,37943],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37945,37946,37947,109],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[72,37948,37950],{"href":37949},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[35,37952,8092,37954,37956],{"id":37953},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37955,37070],{}," with a named function",[20,37958,37959,37960,109],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,37961,37154],{},[20,37963,37964],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[155,37966,37967,37970,37973],{},[158,37968,37969],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[158,37971,37972],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[158,37974,37975],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[40,37977,37979],{"className":42,"code":37978,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37980,37981,37994,38009,38013,38045,38064,38068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37982,37983,37985,37988,37990,37992],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37984,34342],{"class":1734},[49,37986,37987],{"class":34345}," is_even",[49,37989,126],{"class":63},[49,37991,1908],{"class":37157},[49,37993,8016],{"class":63},[49,37995,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,37997,34353],{"class":973},[49,37999,6060],{"class":55},[49,38001,6077],{"class":59},[49,38003,97],{"class":80},[49,38005,6082],{"class":59},[49,38007,38008],{"class":80}," 0\n",[49,38010,38011],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,38012,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,38014,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,38016,3291],{"class":55},[49,38018,60],{"class":59},[49,38020,3296],{"class":63},[49,38022,2659],{"class":80},[49,38024,84],{"class":63},[49,38026,97],{"class":80},[49,38028,84],{"class":63},[49,38030,2120],{"class":80},[49,38032,84],{"class":63},[49,38034,2126],{"class":80},[49,38036,84],{"class":63},[49,38038,4279],{"class":80},[49,38040,84],{"class":63},[49,38042,37138],{"class":80},[49,38044,3309],{"class":63},[49,38046,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055,38058,38060,38062],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,38048,534],{"class":55},[49,38050,60],{"class":59},[49,38052,37149],{"class":122},[49,38054,126],{"class":63},[49,38056,38057],{"class":112},"is_even",[49,38059,84],{"class":63},[49,38061,3936],{"class":112},[49,38063,335],{"class":63},[49,38065,38066],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,38067,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,38069,38070,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,38071,123],{"class":122},[49,38073,126],{"class":63},[49,38075,7767],{"class":1428},[49,38077,126],{"class":63},[49,38079,558],{"class":112},[49,38081,1436],{"class":63},[20,38083,573],{},[40,38085,38087],{"className":42,"code":38086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38088,38089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38090,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38092,3573],{"class":63},[49,38094,1725],{"class":80},[49,38096,84],{"class":63},[49,38098,2126],{"class":80},[49,38100,84],{"class":63},[49,38102,37138],{"class":80},[49,38104,3309],{"class":63},[20,38106,20254,38107,480,38110,38112],{},[15,38108,38109],{},"is_even()",[15,38111,3276],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[35,38114,8092,38116,8379,38118],{"id":38115},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38117,169],{},[15,38119,37070],{},[20,38121,38122,38123,38125],{},"You can pass ",[15,38124,169],{}," as the first argument:",[40,38127,38129],{"className":42,"code":38128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38130,38131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38132,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38134,37096],{"class":122},[49,38136,126],{"class":63},[49,38138,169],{"class":583},[49,38140,84],{"class":63},[49,38142,37360],{"class":112},[49,38144,335],{"class":63},[20,38146,38147,38148,7011],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[30,38149,5268],{},[20,38151,38152],{},"Falsy values include:",[155,38154,38155,38159,38164,38168],{},[158,38156,38157],{},[15,38158,1790],{},[158,38160,38161,38163],{},[15,38162,3447],{}," (empty string)",[158,38165,38166],{},[15,38167,169],{},[158,38169,38170],{},[15,38171,3348],{},[20,38173,1244],{},[40,38175,38177],{"className":42,"code":38176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38178,38179,38223,38227,38245],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38180,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38182,7451],{"class":55},[49,38184,60],{"class":59},[49,38186,3296],{"class":63},[49,38188,1790],{"class":80},[49,38190,84],{"class":63},[49,38192,81],{"class":80},[49,38194,84],{"class":63},[49,38196,5799],{"class":67},[49,38198,84],{"class":63},[49,38200,87],{"class":67},[49,38202,3518],{"class":71},[49,38204,68],{"class":67},[49,38206,84],{"class":63},[49,38208,3525],{"class":583},[49,38210,84],{"class":63},[49,38212,3589],{"class":583},[49,38214,84],{"class":63},[49,38216,3580],{"class":583},[49,38218,84],{"class":63},[49,38220,4279],{"class":80},[49,38222,3309],{"class":63},[49,38224,38225],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,38226,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,38228,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,38230,534],{"class":55},[49,38232,60],{"class":59},[49,38234,37149],{"class":122},[49,38236,126],{"class":63},[49,38238,169],{"class":583},[49,38240,84],{"class":63},[49,38242,5638],{"class":112},[49,38244,335],{"class":63},[49,38246,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,38248,123],{"class":122},[49,38250,126],{"class":63},[49,38252,7767],{"class":1428},[49,38254,126],{"class":63},[49,38256,558],{"class":112},[49,38258,1436],{"class":63},[20,38260,573],{},[40,38262,38264],{"className":42,"code":38263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38265,38266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38267,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38269,3573],{"class":63},[49,38271,2659],{"class":80},[49,38273,84],{"class":63},[49,38275,406],{"class":67},[49,38277,3518],{"class":71},[49,38279,397],{"class":67},[49,38281,84],{"class":63},[49,38283,3589],{"class":583},[49,38285,84],{"class":63},[49,38287,4279],{"class":80},[49,38289,3309],{"class":63},[20,38291,38292],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[35,38294,1223,38296],{"id":38295},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38297,37070],{},[20,38299,1762,38300,38302],{},[15,38301,37070],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38304,38305],{},"It works well for:",[155,38307,38308,38311,38314],{},[158,38309,38310],{},"simple filtering rules",[158,38312,38313],{},"quick data cleaning",[158,38315,38316],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38318,1244],{},[40,38320,38322],{"className":42,"code":38321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38323,38324,38356,38389,38393],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38325,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38327,3291],{"class":55},[49,38329,60],{"class":59},[49,38331,3296],{"class":63},[49,38333,2659],{"class":80},[49,38335,84],{"class":63},[49,38337,97],{"class":80},[49,38339,84],{"class":63},[49,38341,2120],{"class":80},[49,38343,84],{"class":63},[49,38345,2126],{"class":80},[49,38347,84],{"class":63},[49,38349,4279],{"class":80},[49,38351,84],{"class":63},[49,38353,37138],{"class":80},[49,38355,3309],{"class":63},[49,38357,38358,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,38359,38360],{"class":55},"evens ",[49,38362,60],{"class":59},[49,38364,37149],{"class":122},[49,38366,126],{"class":63},[49,38368,37154],{"class":1734},[49,38370,37158],{"class":37157},[49,38372,77],{"class":63},[49,38374,3552],{"class":112},[49,38376,6077],{"class":59},[49,38378,97],{"class":80},[49,38380,6082],{"class":59},[49,38382,3506],{"class":80},[49,38384,84],{"class":63},[49,38386,3936],{"class":112},[49,38388,335],{"class":63},[49,38390,38391],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,38392,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,38394,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403,38406],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,38396,123],{"class":122},[49,38398,126],{"class":63},[49,38400,7767],{"class":1428},[49,38402,126],{"class":63},[49,38404,38405],{"class":112},"evens",[49,38407,1436],{"class":63},[20,38409,573],{},[40,38411,38412],{"className":42,"code":38086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38413,38414],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38415,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38417,3573],{"class":63},[49,38419,1725],{"class":80},[49,38421,84],{"class":63},[49,38423,2126],{"class":80},[49,38425,84],{"class":63},[49,38427,37138],{"class":80},[49,38429,3309],{"class":63},[20,38431,38432,38433,38435],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38434,5630],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[40,38437,38439],{"className":42,"code":38438,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38440,38441,38473,38481,38485,38497,38513,38528,38532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38442,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38444,3291],{"class":55},[49,38446,60],{"class":59},[49,38448,3296],{"class":63},[49,38450,2659],{"class":80},[49,38452,84],{"class":63},[49,38454,97],{"class":80},[49,38456,84],{"class":63},[49,38458,2120],{"class":80},[49,38460,84],{"class":63},[49,38462,2126],{"class":80},[49,38464,84],{"class":63},[49,38466,4279],{"class":80},[49,38468,84],{"class":63},[49,38470,37138],{"class":80},[49,38472,3309],{"class":63},[49,38474,38475,38477,38479],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,38476,38360],{"class":55},[49,38478,60],{"class":59},[49,38480,7511],{"class":63},[49,38482,38483],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,38484,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,38486,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,38488,5630],{"class":973},[49,38490,6060],{"class":55},[49,38492,3555],{"class":973},[49,38494,3936],{"class":55},[49,38496,6067],{"class":63},[49,38498,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,38500,6072],{"class":973},[49,38502,6060],{"class":55},[49,38504,6077],{"class":59},[49,38506,97],{"class":80},[49,38508,6082],{"class":59},[49,38510,3506],{"class":80},[49,38512,6067],{"class":63},[49,38514,38515,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,38516,38517],{"class":55},"        evens",[49,38519,109],{"class":63},[49,38521,13031],{"class":112},[49,38523,126],{"class":63},[49,38525,1908],{"class":112},[49,38527,335],{"class":63},[49,38529,38530],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,38531,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,38533,38534,38536,38538,38540],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,38535,123],{"class":122},[49,38537,126],{"class":63},[49,38539,38405],{"class":112},[49,38541,335],{"class":63},[20,38543,573],{},[40,38545,38546],{"className":42,"code":38086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38547,38548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38549,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38551,3573],{"class":63},[49,38553,1725],{"class":80},[49,38555,84],{"class":63},[49,38557,2126],{"class":80},[49,38559,84],{"class":63},[49,38561,37138],{"class":80},[49,38563,3309],{"class":63},[20,38565,38566],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[40,38568,38570],{"className":42,"code":38569,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38571,38572,38604,38637,38641],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38573,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38575,3291],{"class":55},[49,38577,60],{"class":59},[49,38579,3296],{"class":63},[49,38581,2659],{"class":80},[49,38583,84],{"class":63},[49,38585,97],{"class":80},[49,38587,84],{"class":63},[49,38589,2120],{"class":80},[49,38591,84],{"class":63},[49,38593,2126],{"class":80},[49,38595,84],{"class":63},[49,38597,4279],{"class":80},[49,38599,84],{"class":63},[49,38601,37138],{"class":80},[49,38603,3309],{"class":63},[49,38605,38606,38608,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,38607,38360],{"class":55},[49,38609,60],{"class":59},[49,38611,3296],{"class":63},[49,38613,1886],{"class":55},[49,38615,5630],{"class":973},[49,38617,6060],{"class":55},[49,38619,3555],{"class":973},[49,38621,38622],{"class":55}," numbers ",[49,38624,6668],{"class":973},[49,38626,6060],{"class":55},[49,38628,6077],{"class":59},[49,38630,97],{"class":80},[49,38632,6082],{"class":59},[49,38634,3506],{"class":80},[49,38636,3309],{"class":63},[49,38638,38639],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,38640,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,38642,38643,38645,38647,38649],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,38644,123],{"class":122},[49,38646,126],{"class":63},[49,38648,38405],{"class":112},[49,38650,335],{"class":63},[20,38652,573],{},[40,38654,38655],{"className":42,"code":38086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38656,38657],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38658,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38660,3573],{"class":63},[49,38662,1725],{"class":80},[49,38664,84],{"class":63},[49,38666,2126],{"class":80},[49,38668,84],{"class":63},[49,38670,37138],{"class":80},[49,38672,3309],{"class":63},[20,38674,38675,38676,109],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[72,38677,38679],{"href":38678},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[35,38681,1376],{"id":1375},[20,38683,14212,38684,109],{},[15,38685,37070],{},[591,38687,1392,38689,38691],{"id":38688},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38690,37070],{}," to return a list",[20,38693,38694],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[40,38696,38698],{"className":42,"code":38697,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38699,38700,38742],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38701,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38703,534],{"class":55},[49,38705,60],{"class":59},[49,38707,37149],{"class":122},[49,38709,126],{"class":63},[49,38711,37154],{"class":1734},[49,38713,37158],{"class":37157},[49,38715,77],{"class":63},[49,38717,3552],{"class":112},[49,38719,3925],{"class":59},[49,38721,97],{"class":80},[49,38723,84],{"class":63},[49,38725,3296],{"class":63},[49,38727,2659],{"class":80},[49,38729,84],{"class":63},[49,38731,97],{"class":80},[49,38733,84],{"class":63},[49,38735,2120],{"class":80},[49,38737,84],{"class":63},[49,38739,2126],{"class":80},[49,38741,3561],{"class":63},[49,38743,38744,38746,38748,38750],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,38745,123],{"class":122},[49,38747,126],{"class":63},[49,38749,558],{"class":112},[49,38751,335],{"class":63},[20,38753,38754],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38756,38757],{},"Fix:",[40,38759,38761],{"className":42,"code":38760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38762,38763,38805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38764,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38766,534],{"class":55},[49,38768,60],{"class":59},[49,38770,37149],{"class":122},[49,38772,126],{"class":63},[49,38774,37154],{"class":1734},[49,38776,37158],{"class":37157},[49,38778,77],{"class":63},[49,38780,3552],{"class":112},[49,38782,3925],{"class":59},[49,38784,97],{"class":80},[49,38786,84],{"class":63},[49,38788,3296],{"class":63},[49,38790,2659],{"class":80},[49,38792,84],{"class":63},[49,38794,97],{"class":80},[49,38796,84],{"class":63},[49,38798,2120],{"class":80},[49,38800,84],{"class":63},[49,38802,2126],{"class":80},[49,38804,3561],{"class":63},[49,38806,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,38808,123],{"class":122},[49,38810,126],{"class":63},[49,38812,7767],{"class":1428},[49,38814,126],{"class":63},[49,38816,558],{"class":112},[49,38818,1436],{"class":63},[591,38820,38822,38823,2548,38825,38827],{"id":38821},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38824,3276],{},[15,38826,3348],{}," clearly",[20,38829,38830],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38832,38833],{},"Good example:",[40,38835,38837],{"className":42,"code":38836,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38838,38839,38852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38840,38841,38843,38846,38848,38850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38842,34342],{"class":1734},[49,38844,38845],{"class":34345}," is_positive",[49,38847,126],{"class":63},[49,38849,1908],{"class":37157},[49,38851,8016],{"class":63},[49,38853,38854,38856,38858,38860],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,38855,34353],{"class":973},[49,38857,6060],{"class":55},[49,38859,3925],{"class":59},[49,38861,38008],{"class":80},[20,38863,38864],{},"Then use it with:",[40,38866,38868],{"className":42,"code":38867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38869,38870,38902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38871,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38873,3291],{"class":55},[49,38875,60],{"class":59},[49,38877,3296],{"class":63},[49,38879,1690],{"class":59},[49,38881,1725],{"class":80},[49,38883,84],{"class":63},[49,38885,1891],{"class":59},[49,38887,2659],{"class":80},[49,38889,84],{"class":63},[49,38891,3506],{"class":80},[49,38893,84],{"class":63},[49,38895,81],{"class":80},[49,38897,84],{"class":63},[49,38899,97],{"class":80},[49,38901,3309],{"class":63},[49,38903,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38919,38921,38923],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,38905,123],{"class":122},[49,38907,126],{"class":63},[49,38909,7767],{"class":1428},[49,38911,126],{"class":63},[49,38913,37096],{"class":122},[49,38915,126],{"class":63},[49,38917,38918],{"class":112},"is_positive",[49,38920,84],{"class":63},[49,38922,3936],{"class":112},[49,38924,2582],{"class":63},[20,38926,573],{},[40,38928,38930],{"className":42,"code":38929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38931,38932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38933,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38935,3573],{"class":63},[49,38937,2659],{"class":80},[49,38939,84],{"class":63},[49,38941,97],{"class":80},[49,38943,3309],{"class":63},[591,38945,38947],{"id":38946},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38949,38950],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[40,38952,38953],{"className":42,"code":37692,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38954,38955,38997,39001,39015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38956,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38958,534],{"class":55},[49,38960,60],{"class":59},[49,38962,37149],{"class":122},[49,38964,126],{"class":63},[49,38966,37154],{"class":1734},[49,38968,37158],{"class":37157},[49,38970,77],{"class":63},[49,38972,3552],{"class":112},[49,38974,3925],{"class":59},[49,38976,97],{"class":80},[49,38978,84],{"class":63},[49,38980,3296],{"class":63},[49,38982,2659],{"class":80},[49,38984,84],{"class":63},[49,38986,97],{"class":80},[49,38988,84],{"class":63},[49,38990,2120],{"class":80},[49,38992,84],{"class":63},[49,38994,2126],{"class":80},[49,38996,3561],{"class":63},[49,38998,38999],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39000,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,39002,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,39004,123],{"class":122},[49,39006,126],{"class":63},[49,39008,7767],{"class":1428},[49,39010,126],{"class":63},[49,39012,558],{"class":112},[49,39014,1436],{"class":63},[49,39016,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,39018,123],{"class":122},[49,39020,126],{"class":63},[49,39022,7767],{"class":1428},[49,39024,126],{"class":63},[49,39026,558],{"class":112},[49,39028,1436],{"class":63},[20,39030,573],{},[40,39032,39033],{"className":42,"code":37773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,39034,39035,39047],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39036,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39038,3573],{"class":63},[49,39040,1731],{"class":80},[49,39042,84],{"class":63},[49,39044,2126],{"class":80},[49,39046,3309],{"class":63},[49,39048,39049],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39050,37792],{"class":63},[20,39052,39053],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[40,39055,39057],{"className":42,"code":39056,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39058,39059,39105,39109,39119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39060,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39062,534],{"class":55},[49,39064,60],{"class":59},[49,39066,22044],{"class":1428},[49,39068,126],{"class":63},[49,39070,37096],{"class":122},[49,39072,126],{"class":63},[49,39074,37154],{"class":1734},[49,39076,37158],{"class":37157},[49,39078,77],{"class":63},[49,39080,3552],{"class":112},[49,39082,3925],{"class":59},[49,39084,97],{"class":80},[49,39086,84],{"class":63},[49,39088,3296],{"class":63},[49,39090,2659],{"class":80},[49,39092,84],{"class":63},[49,39094,97],{"class":80},[49,39096,84],{"class":63},[49,39098,2120],{"class":80},[49,39100,84],{"class":63},[49,39102,2126],{"class":80},[49,39104,2670],{"class":63},[49,39106,39107],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39108,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,39110,39111,39113,39115,39117],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,39112,123],{"class":122},[49,39114,126],{"class":63},[49,39116,558],{"class":112},[49,39118,335],{"class":63},[49,39120,39121,39123,39125,39127],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,39122,123],{"class":122},[49,39124,126],{"class":63},[49,39126,558],{"class":112},[49,39128,335],{"class":63},[591,39130,39132],{"id":39131},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39134,39135],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39137,16124],{},[40,39139,39141],{"className":42,"code":39140,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39142,39143],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39144,39145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39146,39140],{"class":134},[20,39148,39149,39150,6221],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39151,1999],{},[20,39153,16136],{},[40,39155,39157],{"className":42,"code":39156,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39158,39159],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39160,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39162,123],{"class":122},[49,39164,126],{"class":63},[49,39166,7767],{"class":1428},[49,39168,126],{"class":63},[49,39170,37096],{"class":122},[49,39172,126],{"class":63},[49,39174,37154],{"class":1734},[49,39176,37158],{"class":37157},[49,39178,77],{"class":63},[49,39180,3552],{"class":112},[49,39182,3925],{"class":59},[49,39184,97],{"class":80},[49,39186,84],{"class":63},[49,39188,3296],{"class":63},[49,39190,2659],{"class":80},[49,39192,84],{"class":63},[49,39194,97],{"class":80},[49,39196,84],{"class":63},[49,39198,2120],{"class":80},[49,39200,84],{"class":63},[49,39202,2126],{"class":80},[49,39204,36759],{"class":63},[591,39206,36698,39208,8379,39210],{"id":39207},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39209,37070],{},[15,39211,39212],{},"map()",[155,39214,39215,39220],{},[158,39216,39217,39219],{},[15,39218,37070],{}," keeps or removes items",[158,39221,39222,39224],{},[15,39223,39212],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39226,39227,39228,77],{},"Example of ",[15,39229,37070],{},[40,39231,39233],{"className":42,"code":39232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39234,39235,39259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39236,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39238,3291],{"class":55},[49,39240,60],{"class":59},[49,39242,3296],{"class":63},[49,39244,2659],{"class":80},[49,39246,84],{"class":63},[49,39248,97],{"class":80},[49,39250,84],{"class":63},[49,39252,2120],{"class":80},[49,39254,84],{"class":63},[49,39256,2126],{"class":80},[49,39258,3309],{"class":63},[49,39260,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39262,123],{"class":122},[49,39264,126],{"class":63},[49,39266,7767],{"class":1428},[49,39268,126],{"class":63},[49,39270,37096],{"class":122},[49,39272,126],{"class":63},[49,39274,37154],{"class":1734},[49,39276,37158],{"class":37157},[49,39278,77],{"class":63},[49,39280,3552],{"class":112},[49,39282,3925],{"class":59},[49,39284,97],{"class":80},[49,39286,84],{"class":63},[49,39288,3936],{"class":112},[49,39290,2582],{"class":63},[20,39292,573],{},[40,39294,39296],{"className":42,"code":39295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39297,39298],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39299,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39301,3573],{"class":63},[49,39303,1731],{"class":80},[49,39305,84],{"class":63},[49,39307,2126],{"class":80},[49,39309,3309],{"class":63},[20,39311,39227,39312,77],{},[15,39313,39212],{},[40,39315,39317],{"className":42,"code":39316,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39318,39319,39343],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39320,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39322,3291],{"class":55},[49,39324,60],{"class":59},[49,39326,3296],{"class":63},[49,39328,2659],{"class":80},[49,39330,84],{"class":63},[49,39332,97],{"class":80},[49,39334,84],{"class":63},[49,39336,2120],{"class":80},[49,39338,84],{"class":63},[49,39340,2126],{"class":80},[49,39342,3309],{"class":63},[49,39344,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39369,39371,39373,39375],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39346,123],{"class":122},[49,39348,126],{"class":63},[49,39350,7767],{"class":1428},[49,39352,126],{"class":63},[49,39354,39355],{"class":122},"map",[49,39357,126],{"class":63},[49,39359,37154],{"class":1734},[49,39361,37158],{"class":37157},[49,39363,77],{"class":63},[49,39365,3552],{"class":112},[49,39367,39368],{"class":59},"*",[49,39370,97],{"class":80},[49,39372,84],{"class":63},[49,39374,3936],{"class":112},[49,39376,2582],{"class":63},[20,39378,573],{},[40,39380,39382],{"className":42,"code":39381,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39383,39384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39385,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39387,3573],{"class":63},[49,39389,1725],{"class":80},[49,39391,84],{"class":63},[49,39393,2126],{"class":80},[49,39395,84],{"class":63},[49,39397,37138],{"class":80},[49,39399,84],{"class":63},[49,39401,6033],{"class":80},[49,39403,3309],{"class":63},[20,39405,39406,39407,109],{},"For the related function, see ",[72,39408,3247,39410,3180],{"href":39409},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39411,39212],{},[35,39413,1498],{"id":1497},[591,39415,1502,39417,39419],{"id":39416},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39418,37070],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39421,39422,39423,39425],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39424,24266],{}," if needed.",[591,39427,39429,39430,39432],{"id":39428},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39431,37070],{}," need to return?",[20,39434,37377,39435,39437,39438,39440],{},[15,39436,3276],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39439,3348],{}," to remove it.",[591,39442,27815,39444,39446],{"id":39443},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39445,37070],{}," without lambda?",[20,39448,39449],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[591,39451,1512,39453,39456],{"id":39452},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39454,39455],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39458,39459,39460,39462,39463,16553,39465,109],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39461,1790],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39464,169],{},[15,39466,3348],{},[591,39468,20904,39470,39472],{"id":39469},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39471,37070],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39474,39475,39476,39478],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39477,5630],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39480,39481],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[155,39483,39484,39490,39496],{},[158,39485,39486,39487,39489],{},"use ",[15,39488,37070],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[158,39491,39492,39493,39495],{},"use a ",[15,39494,5630],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[158,39497,39498],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39500,39501,39502,109],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[72,39503,4806],{"href":39504},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[35,39506,1550],{"id":1549},[155,39508,39509,39514,39518,39523,39529],{},[158,39510,39511],{},[72,39512,39513],{"href":37949},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[158,39515,39516],{},[72,39517,4893],{"href":39504},[158,39519,39520],{},[72,39521,39522],{"href":38678},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[158,39524,39525],{},[72,39526,3247,39527,3180],{"href":39409},[15,39528,39212],{},[158,39530,39531],{},[72,39532,4888],{"href":5258},[1597,39534,39535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":39537},[39538,39539,39541,39545,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39566,39578],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":37204,"depth":103,"text":39540},"What filter() does",{"id":37338,"depth":103,"text":37339,"children":39542},[39543,39544],{"id":37355,"depth":119,"text":37355},{"id":3394,"depth":119,"text":3394},{"id":37514,"depth":103,"text":37515,"children":39546},[39547],{"id":37685,"depth":119,"text":37686},{"id":37798,"depth":103,"text":39549},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37953,"depth":103,"text":39551},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38115,"depth":103,"text":39553},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38295,"depth":103,"text":39555},"When to use filter()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":39557},[39558,39560,39562,39563,39564],{"id":38688,"depth":119,"text":39559},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38821,"depth":119,"text":39561},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38946,"depth":119,"text":38947},{"id":39131,"depth":119,"text":39132},{"id":39207,"depth":119,"text":39565},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":39567},[39568,39570,39572,39574,39576],{"id":39416,"depth":119,"text":39569},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39428,"depth":119,"text":39571},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39443,"depth":119,"text":39573},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39452,"depth":119,"text":39575},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39469,"depth":119,"text":39577},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37062,"description":39579},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39586,"title":39587,"body":39588,"description":41741,"extension":1632,"meta":41742,"navigation":312,"path":41743,"seo":41744,"stem":41745,"__hash__":41746},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39589,"toc":41695},[39590,39593,39598,39604,39606,39658,39660,39679,39684,39688,39693,39696,39711,39714,39736,39738,39787,39789,39813,39815,39817,39832,39837,39845,39860,39862,39871,39874,39909,39913,39918,39922,39929,39964,39966,39982,39986,39989,40030,40032,40046,40050,40053,40077,40079,40088,40092,40095,40128,40130,40143,40147,40153,40172,40174,40182,40186,40191,40195,40201,40224,40226,40255,40258,40277,40281,40284,40311,40313,40347,40351,40354,40378,40382,40393,40395,40400,40406,40408,40492,40494,40536,40539,40543,40550,40559,40615,40622,40631,40636,40640,40711,40713,40722,40726,40729,40773,40775,40784,40788,40794,40844,40848,40853,40857,40881,40883,40892,40896,40920,40922,40933,40937,40961,40963,40972,40975,40992,40998,41002,41008,41011,41016,41019,41040,41042,41074,41077,41082,41084,41095,41097,41141,41145,41152,41204,41206,41215,41219,41222,41315,41318,41342,41346,41349,41441,41446,41450,41457,41462,41486,41488,41497,41502,41525,41527,41535,41542,41565,41573,41575,41588,41598,41600,41604,41611,41615,41624,41628,41635,41639,41643,41647,41660,41662,41692],[10,39591,39587],{"id":39592},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39594,8798,39595,39597],{},[15,39596,2554],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39599,39600,39601,39603],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39602,2554],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[35,39605,38],{"id":37},[40,39607,39609],{"className":42,"code":39608,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39610,39611,39625,39644],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39612,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39614,123],{"class":122},[49,39616,126],{"class":63},[49,39618,1861],{"class":1428},[49,39620,126],{"class":63},[49,39622,1807],{"class":80},[49,39624,1436],{"class":63},[49,39626,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39640,39642],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39628,123],{"class":122},[49,39630,126],{"class":63},[49,39632,1861],{"class":1428},[49,39634,126],{"class":63},[49,39636,68],{"class":67},[49,39638,39639],{"class":71},"3.14",[49,39641,68],{"class":67},[49,39643,1436],{"class":63},[49,39645,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,39647,123],{"class":122},[49,39649,126],{"class":63},[49,39651,1861],{"class":1428},[49,39653,126],{"class":63},[49,39655,3276],{"class":583},[49,39657,1436],{"class":63},[20,39659,573],{},[40,39661,39663],{"className":42,"code":39662,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39664,39665,39669,39674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39666,39667],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39668,2149],{"class":80},[49,39670,39671],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39672,39673],{"class":80},"3.14\n",[49,39675,39676],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,39677,39678],{"class":80},"1.0\n",[20,39680,1762,39681,39683],{},[15,39682,2554],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[35,39685,39687],{"id":39686},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39689,39690,39692],{},[15,39691,2554],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39694,39695],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[155,39697,39698,39702,39706],{},[158,39699,39700],{},[15,39701,2161],{},[158,39703,39704],{},[15,39705,39639],{},[158,39707,39708],{},[15,39709,39710],{},"0.5",[20,39712,39713],{},"A few key points:",[155,39715,39716,39723,39726,39729],{},[158,39717,39718,39720,39721],{},[15,39719,2554],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39722,1861],{},[158,39724,39725],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[158,39727,39728],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[158,39730,39731,39732],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[72,39733,39734],{"href":7893},[15,39735,2628],{},[20,39737,1244],{},[40,39739,39741],{"className":42,"code":39740,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39742,39743,39763,39773],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39744,39745,39747,39749,39752,39754,39756,39759,39761],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39746,1886],{"class":55},[49,39748,60],{"class":59},[49,39750,39751],{"class":1428}," float",[49,39753,126],{"class":63},[49,39755,68],{"class":67},[49,39757,39758],{"class":71},"2.75",[49,39760,68],{"class":67},[49,39762,335],{"class":63},[49,39764,39765,39767,39769,39771],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39766,123],{"class":122},[49,39768,126],{"class":63},[49,39770,1908],{"class":112},[49,39772,335],{"class":63},[49,39774,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,39776,123],{"class":122},[49,39778,126],{"class":63},[49,39780,1429],{"class":1428},[49,39782,126],{"class":63},[49,39784,1908],{"class":112},[49,39786,1436],{"class":63},[20,39788,573],{},[40,39790,39792],{"className":42,"code":39791,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39793,39794,39799],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39795,39796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39797,39798],{"class":80},"2.75\n",[49,39800,39801,39803,39805,39807,39809,39811],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39802,2962],{"class":59},[49,39804,2965],{"class":1734},[49,39806,406],{"class":67},[49,39808,1861],{"class":71},[49,39810,397],{"class":67},[49,39812,2974],{"class":59},[35,39814,189],{"id":188},[20,39816,6889],{},[40,39818,39820],{"className":42,"code":39819,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"float(value)\n",[15,39821,39822],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39823,39824,39826,39828,39830],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39825,1861],{"class":1428},[49,39827,126],{"class":63},[49,39829,2142],{"class":112},[49,39831,335],{"class":63},[20,39833,39834,39835,109],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39836,2554],{},[20,39838,39839,39840,39842,39843,77],{},"If you call ",[15,39841,2554],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39844,3442],{},[40,39846,39848],{"className":42,"code":39847,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float())\n",[15,39849,39850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39851,39852,39854,39856,39858],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39853,123],{"class":122},[49,39855,126],{"class":63},[49,39857,1861],{"class":1428},[49,39859,6865],{"class":63},[20,39861,573],{},[40,39863,39865],{"className":42,"code":39864,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0.0\n",[15,39866,39867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39868,39869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39870,39864],{"class":80},[20,39872,39873],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[40,39875,39877],{"className":42,"code":39876,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39878,39879,39899],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39880,39881,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892,39895,39897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39882,39883],{"class":55},"price ",[49,39885,60],{"class":59},[49,39887,39751],{"class":1428},[49,39889,126],{"class":63},[49,39891,68],{"class":67},[49,39893,39894],{"class":71},"19.99",[49,39896,68],{"class":67},[49,39898,335],{"class":63},[49,39900,39901,39903,39905,39907],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39902,123],{"class":122},[49,39904,126],{"class":63},[49,39906,24635],{"class":112},[49,39908,335],{"class":63},[35,39910,39912],{"id":39911},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39914,39915,39917],{},[15,39916,2554],{}," can convert several common value types.",[591,39919,39921],{"id":39920},"integers","Integers",[20,39923,39924,39925,39928],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39926,39927],{},".0"," added:",[40,39930,39932],{"className":42,"code":39931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39933,39934,39948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39935,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39937,123],{"class":122},[49,39939,126],{"class":63},[49,39941,1861],{"class":1428},[49,39943,126],{"class":63},[49,39945,1807],{"class":80},[49,39947,1436],{"class":63},[49,39949,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39951,123],{"class":122},[49,39953,126],{"class":63},[49,39955,1861],{"class":1428},[49,39957,126],{"class":63},[49,39959,1690],{"class":59},[49,39961,1725],{"class":80},[49,39963,1436],{"class":63},[20,39965,573],{},[40,39967,39969],{"className":42,"code":39968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,39970,39971,39975],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39972,39973],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39974,2149],{"class":80},[49,39976,39977,39979],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,39978,1690],{"class":59},[49,39980,39981],{"class":80},"2.0\n",[591,39983,39985],{"id":39984},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,39987,39988],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[40,39990,39992],{"className":42,"code":39991,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,39993,39994,40012],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39995,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39997,123],{"class":122},[49,39999,126],{"class":63},[49,40001,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40003,126],{"class":63},[49,40005,68],{"class":67},[49,40007,39639],{"class":71},[49,40009,68],{"class":67},[49,40011,1436],{"class":63},[49,40013,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40015,123],{"class":122},[49,40017,126],{"class":63},[49,40019,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40021,126],{"class":63},[49,40023,68],{"class":67},[49,40025,1999],{"class":71},[49,40027,68],{"class":67},[49,40029,1436],{"class":63},[20,40031,573],{},[40,40033,40035],{"className":42,"code":40034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40036,40037,40041],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40038,40039],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40040,39673],{"class":80},[49,40042,40043],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40044,40045],{"class":80},"10.0\n",[591,40047,40049],{"id":40048},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40051,40052],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[40,40054,40056],{"className":42,"code":40055,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40057,40058],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40059,40060,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070,40073,40075],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40061,123],{"class":122},[49,40063,126],{"class":63},[49,40065,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40067,126],{"class":63},[49,40069,68],{"class":67},[49,40071,40072],{"class":71},"  8.5  ",[49,40074,68],{"class":67},[49,40076,1436],{"class":63},[20,40078,573],{},[40,40080,40082],{"className":42,"code":40081,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8.5\n",[15,40083,40084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40085,40086],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40087,40081],{"class":80},[591,40089,40091],{"id":40090},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40093,40094],{},"Boolean values also work:",[40,40096,40098],{"className":42,"code":40097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40099,40100,40114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40101,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40103,123],{"class":122},[49,40105,126],{"class":63},[49,40107,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40109,126],{"class":63},[49,40111,3276],{"class":583},[49,40113,1436],{"class":63},[49,40115,40116,40118,40120,40122,40124,40126],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40117,123],{"class":122},[49,40119,126],{"class":63},[49,40121,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40123,126],{"class":63},[49,40125,3348],{"class":583},[49,40127,1436],{"class":63},[20,40129,573],{},[40,40131,40133],{"className":42,"code":40132,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40134,40135,40139],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40136,40137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40138,39678],{"class":80},[49,40140,40141],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40142,39864],{"class":80},[591,40144,40146],{"id":40145},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40148,40149,40150,40152],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40151,2554],{}," returns a float version of it:",[40,40154,40156],{"className":42,"code":40155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40157,40158],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40159,40160,40162,40164,40166,40168,40170],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40161,123],{"class":122},[49,40163,126],{"class":63},[49,40165,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40167,126],{"class":63},[49,40169,2031],{"class":80},[49,40171,1436],{"class":63},[20,40173,573],{},[40,40175,40176],{"className":42,"code":2055,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,40177,40178],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40179,40180],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40181,2055],{"class":80},[35,40183,40185],{"id":40184},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40187,40188,40189,109],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40190,2554],{},[591,40192,40194],{"id":40193},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40196,40197,40198,77],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40199,40200],{},"ValueError",[40,40202,40204],{"className":42,"code":40203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40205,40206],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40207,40208,40210,40212,40214,40216,40218,40220,40222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40209,123],{"class":122},[49,40211,126],{"class":63},[49,40213,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40215,126],{"class":63},[49,40217,68],{"class":67},[49,40219,3518],{"class":71},[49,40221,68],{"class":67},[49,40223,1436],{"class":63},[20,40225,29168],{},[40,40227,40229],{"className":42,"code":40228,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40230,40231],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40232,40233,40235,40237,40240,40242,40245,40247,40249,40251,40253],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40234,40200],{"class":1428},[49,40236,77],{"class":63},[49,40238,40239],{"class":55}," could ",[49,40241,600],{"class":59},[49,40243,40244],{"class":55}," convert string to ",[49,40246,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40248,77],{"class":63},[49,40250,406],{"class":67},[49,40252,3518],{"class":71},[49,40254,29187],{"class":67},[20,40256,40257],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[40,40259,40261],{"className":42,"code":40260,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40262,40263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40264,40265,40267,40269,40271,40273,40275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40266,123],{"class":122},[49,40268,126],{"class":63},[49,40270,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40272,126],{"class":63},[49,40274,5945],{"class":67},[49,40276,1436],{"class":63},[591,40278,40280],{"id":40279},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40282,40283],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[40,40285,40287],{"className":42,"code":40286,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40288,40289],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40290,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40301,40303,40305,40307,40309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40292,123],{"class":122},[49,40294,126],{"class":63},[49,40296,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40298,2656],{"class":63},[49,40300,2659],{"class":80},[49,40302,84],{"class":63},[49,40304,97],{"class":80},[49,40306,84],{"class":63},[49,40308,2120],{"class":80},[49,40310,2670],{"class":63},[20,40312,29168],{},[40,40314,40316],{"className":42,"code":40315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40317,40318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40319,40320,40322,40324,40326,40328,40331,40334,40337,40339,40341,40343,40345],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40321,2676],{"class":1428},[49,40323,77],{"class":63},[49,40325,39751],{"class":1428},[49,40327,7037],{"class":63},[49,40329,40330],{"class":55}," argument must be a string ",[49,40332,40333],{"class":59},"or",[49,40335,40336],{"class":55}," a real number",[49,40338,84],{"class":63},[49,40340,7773],{"class":59},[49,40342,406],{"class":67},[49,40344,7767],{"class":71},[49,40346,29187],{"class":67},[591,40348,40350],{"id":40349},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40352,40353],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[40,40355,40357],{"className":42,"code":40356,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40358,40359],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40360,40361,40363,40365,40367,40369,40371,40374,40376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40362,123],{"class":122},[49,40364,126],{"class":63},[49,40366,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40368,126],{"class":63},[49,40370,68],{"class":67},[49,40372,40373],{"class":71},"3,14",[49,40375,68],{"class":67},[49,40377,1436],{"class":63},[20,40379,2673,40380,109],{},[15,40381,40200],{},[20,40383,40384,40385,1017,40389,109],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[72,40386,40388],{"href":40387},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[72,40390,40392],{"href":40391},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[35,40394,16900],{"id":16899},[20,40396,40397,40399],{},[15,40398,2554],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40401,40402,40403,40405],{},"It does ",[30,40404,600],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40407,1244],{},[40,40409,40411],{"className":42,"code":40410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40412,40413,40426,40440,40444,40454,40464,40478],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40414,40415,40417,40419,40421,40424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40416,34178],{"class":55},[49,40418,60],{"class":59},[49,40420,87],{"class":67},[49,40422,40423],{"class":71},"6.5",[49,40425,301],{"class":67},[49,40427,40428,40430,40432,40434,40436,40438],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40429,1886],{"class":55},[49,40431,60],{"class":59},[49,40433,39751],{"class":1428},[49,40435,126],{"class":63},[49,40437,34199],{"class":112},[49,40439,335],{"class":63},[49,40441,40442],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,40443,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,40445,40446,40448,40450,40452],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,40447,123],{"class":122},[49,40449,126],{"class":63},[49,40451,34199],{"class":112},[49,40453,335],{"class":63},[49,40455,40456,40458,40460,40462],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,40457,123],{"class":122},[49,40459,126],{"class":63},[49,40461,1908],{"class":112},[49,40463,335],{"class":63},[49,40465,40466,40468,40470,40472,40474,40476],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,40467,123],{"class":122},[49,40469,126],{"class":63},[49,40471,1429],{"class":1428},[49,40473,126],{"class":63},[49,40475,34199],{"class":112},[49,40477,1436],{"class":63},[49,40479,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,40481,123],{"class":122},[49,40483,126],{"class":63},[49,40485,1429],{"class":1428},[49,40487,126],{"class":63},[49,40489,1908],{"class":112},[49,40491,1436],{"class":63},[20,40493,573],{},[40,40495,40497],{"className":42,"code":40496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40498,40499,40504,40508,40522],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40500,40501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40502,40503],{"class":80},"6.5\n",[49,40505,40506],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40507,40503],{"class":80},[49,40509,40510,40512,40514,40516,40518,40520],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,40511,2962],{"class":59},[49,40513,2965],{"class":1734},[49,40515,406],{"class":67},[49,40517,3114],{"class":71},[49,40519,397],{"class":67},[49,40521,2974],{"class":59},[49,40523,40524,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,40525,2962],{"class":59},[49,40527,2965],{"class":1734},[49,40529,406],{"class":67},[49,40531,1861],{"class":71},[49,40533,397],{"class":67},[49,40535,2974],{"class":59},[20,40537,40538],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[35,40540,40542],{"id":40541},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[591,40544,40546,40547,40549],{"id":40545},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40548,2628],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40551,150,40552,40556,40557,109],{},[72,40553,40554,1971],{"href":7893},[15,40555,2628],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40558,2554],{},[40,40560,40562],{"className":42,"code":40561,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40563,40564,40583,40597,40601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40565,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576,40579,40581],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40567,7911],{"class":55},[49,40569,60],{"class":59},[49,40571,7916],{"class":122},[49,40573,126],{"class":63},[49,40575,68],{"class":67},[49,40577,40578],{"class":71},"Enter a price: ",[49,40580,68],{"class":67},[49,40582,335],{"class":63},[49,40584,40585,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40586,39883],{"class":55},[49,40588,60],{"class":59},[49,40590,39751],{"class":1428},[49,40592,126],{"class":63},[49,40594,7940],{"class":112},[49,40596,335],{"class":63},[49,40598,40599],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,40600,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,40602,40603,40605,40607,40609,40611,40613],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,40604,123],{"class":122},[49,40606,126],{"class":63},[49,40608,39883],{"class":112},[49,40610,39368],{"class":59},[49,40612,97],{"class":80},[49,40614,335],{"class":63},[20,40616,40617,40618,40621],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40619,40620],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[40,40623,40625],{"className":42,"code":40624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"9.0\n",[15,40626,40627],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40628,40629],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40630,40624],{"class":80},[20,40632,40633,40634,109],{},"For more help with this, see ",[72,40635,8656],{"href":8655},[591,40637,40639],{"id":40638},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[40,40641,40643],{"className":42,"code":40642,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40644,40645,40658,40671,40675,40700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40646,40647,40649,40651,40653,40656],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40648,2224],{"class":55},[49,40650,60],{"class":59},[49,40652,87],{"class":67},[49,40654,40655],{"class":71},"2.5",[49,40657,301],{"class":67},[49,40659,40660,40662,40664,40666,40669],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40661,2252],{"class":55},[49,40663,60],{"class":59},[49,40665,87],{"class":67},[49,40667,40668],{"class":71},"1.5",[49,40670,301],{"class":67},[49,40672,40673],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,40674,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,40676,40677,40680,40682,40684,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694,40696,40698],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,40678,40679],{"class":55},"total ",[49,40681,60],{"class":59},[49,40683,39751],{"class":1428},[49,40685,126],{"class":63},[49,40687,72],{"class":112},[49,40689,131],{"class":63},[49,40691,2123],{"class":59},[49,40693,39751],{"class":1428},[49,40695,126],{"class":63},[49,40697,90],{"class":112},[49,40699,335],{"class":63},[49,40701,40702,40704,40706,40709],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,40703,123],{"class":122},[49,40705,126],{"class":63},[49,40707,40708],{"class":112},"total",[49,40710,335],{"class":63},[20,40712,573],{},[40,40714,40716],{"className":42,"code":40715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4.0\n",[15,40717,40718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40719,40720],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40721,40715],{"class":80},[591,40723,40725],{"id":40724},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40727,40728],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[40,40730,40732],{"className":42,"code":40731,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40733,40734,40744,40759,40763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40735,40736,40739,40741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40737,40738],{"class":55},"count ",[49,40740,60],{"class":59},[49,40742,40743],{"class":80}," 7\n",[49,40745,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754,40757],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40747,534],{"class":55},[49,40749,60],{"class":59},[49,40751,39751],{"class":1428},[49,40753,126],{"class":63},[49,40755,40756],{"class":112},"count",[49,40758,335],{"class":63},[49,40760,40761],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,40762,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,40764,40765,40767,40769,40771],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,40766,123],{"class":122},[49,40768,126],{"class":63},[49,40770,558],{"class":112},[49,40772,335],{"class":63},[20,40774,573],{},[40,40776,40778],{"className":42,"code":40777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.0\n",[15,40779,40780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40781,40782],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40783,40777],{"class":80},[591,40785,40787],{"id":40786},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40789,40790,40791,40793],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40792,2554],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[40,40795,40797],{"className":42,"code":40796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40798,40799,40813,40829,40833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40800,40801,40804,40806,40808,40811],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40802,40803],{"class":55},"temperature_text ",[49,40805,60],{"class":59},[49,40807,87],{"class":67},[49,40809,40810],{"class":71},"21.8",[49,40812,301],{"class":67},[49,40814,40815,40818,40820,40822,40824,40827],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,40816,40817],{"class":55},"temperature ",[49,40819,60],{"class":59},[49,40821,39751],{"class":1428},[49,40823,126],{"class":63},[49,40825,40826],{"class":112},"temperature_text",[49,40828,335],{"class":63},[49,40830,40831],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,40832,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,40834,40835,40837,40839,40842],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,40836,123],{"class":122},[49,40838,126],{"class":63},[49,40840,40841],{"class":112},"temperature",[49,40843,335],{"class":63},[35,40845,40847],{"id":40846},"special-values","Special values",[20,40849,40850,40852],{},[15,40851,2554],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[591,40854,40856],{"id":40855},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[40,40858,40860],{"className":42,"code":40859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40861,40862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40863,40864,40866,40868,40870,40872,40874,40877,40879],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40865,123],{"class":122},[49,40867,126],{"class":63},[49,40869,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40871,126],{"class":63},[49,40873,68],{"class":67},[49,40875,40876],{"class":71},"inf",[49,40878,68],{"class":67},[49,40880,1436],{"class":63},[20,40882,573],{},[40,40884,40886],{"className":42,"code":40885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"inf\n",[15,40887,40888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40889,40890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40891,40885],{"class":55},[591,40893,40895],{"id":40894},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[40,40897,40899],{"className":42,"code":40898,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40900,40901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40902,40903,40905,40907,40909,40911,40913,40916,40918],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40904,123],{"class":122},[49,40906,126],{"class":63},[49,40908,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40910,126],{"class":63},[49,40912,68],{"class":67},[49,40914,40915],{"class":71},"-inf",[49,40917,68],{"class":67},[49,40919,1436],{"class":63},[20,40921,573],{},[40,40923,40925],{"className":42,"code":40924,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-inf\n",[15,40926,40927],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40928,40929,40931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40930,1690],{"class":59},[49,40932,40885],{"class":55},[591,40934,40936],{"id":40935},"not-a-number","Not a number",[40,40938,40940],{"className":42,"code":40939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40941,40942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40943,40944,40946,40948,40950,40952,40954,40957,40959],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40945,123],{"class":122},[49,40947,126],{"class":63},[49,40949,1861],{"class":1428},[49,40951,126],{"class":63},[49,40953,68],{"class":67},[49,40955,40956],{"class":71},"nan",[49,40958,68],{"class":67},[49,40960,1436],{"class":63},[20,40962,573],{},[40,40964,40966],{"className":42,"code":40965,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nan\n",[15,40967,40968],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40969,40970],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40971,40965],{"class":55},[20,40973,40974],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[155,40976,40977,40982,40987],{},[158,40978,40979,40981],{},[15,40980,40876],{}," means positive infinity",[158,40983,40984,40986],{},[15,40985,40915],{}," means negative infinity",[158,40988,40989,40991],{},[15,40990,40956],{}," means “not a number”",[20,40993,40994,40995,40997],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,40996,2554],{}," accepts them.",[35,40999,41001],{"id":41000},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41003,41004,41005,41007],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41006,2554],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[591,41009,40200],{"id":41010},"valueerror",[20,41012,14668,41013,41015],{},[15,41014,40200],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41017,41018],{},"Common causes:",[155,41020,41021,41027,41030,41033],{},[158,41022,41023,41024],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41025,41026],{},"\"abc\"",[158,41028,41029],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[158,41031,41032],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[158,41034,4378,41035],{},[72,41036,41037,41039],{"href":7893},[15,41038,2628],{}," returns a string",[20,41041,1244],{},[40,41043,41045],{"className":42,"code":41044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41046,41047,41060],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41048,41049,41051,41053,41055,41058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41050,2115],{"class":55},[49,41052,60],{"class":59},[49,41054,87],{"class":67},[49,41056,41057],{"class":71},"abc",[49,41059,301],{"class":67},[49,41061,41062,41064,41066,41068,41070,41072],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,41063,123],{"class":122},[49,41065,126],{"class":63},[49,41067,1861],{"class":1428},[49,41069,126],{"class":63},[49,41071,2142],{"class":112},[49,41073,1436],{"class":63},[591,41075,2676],{"id":41076},"typeerror",[20,41078,14668,41079,41081],{},[15,41080,2676],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41083,41018],{},[155,41085,41086,41089,41092],{},[158,41087,41088],{},"Passing a list",[158,41090,41091],{},"Passing a dictionary",[158,41093,41094],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41096,1244],{},[40,41098,41100],{"className":42,"code":41099,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41101,41102,41127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41103,41104,41106,41108,41110,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120,41123,41125],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41105,2115],{"class":55},[49,41107,60],{"class":59},[49,41109,64],{"class":63},[49,41111,68],{"class":67},[49,41113,24635],{"class":71},[49,41115,68],{"class":67},[49,41117,77],{"class":63},[49,41119,87],{"class":67},[49,41121,41122],{"class":71},"9.99",[49,41124,68],{"class":67},[49,41126,100],{"class":63},[49,41128,41129,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,41130,123],{"class":122},[49,41132,126],{"class":63},[49,41134,1861],{"class":1428},[49,41136,126],{"class":63},[49,41138,2142],{"class":112},[49,41140,1436],{"class":63},[591,41142,41144],{"id":41143},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41146,41147,41148,41151],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41149,41150],{},"strip()"," can help:",[40,41153,41155],{"className":42,"code":41154,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41156,41157,41170,41185,41189],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41158,41159,41161,41163,41165,41168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41160,2115],{"class":55},[49,41162,60],{"class":59},[49,41164,87],{"class":67},[49,41166,41167],{"class":71},"  7.25  ",[49,41169,301],{"class":67},[49,41171,41172,41175,41177,41179,41181,41183],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,41173,41174],{"class":55},"clean_value ",[49,41176,60],{"class":59},[49,41178,8108],{"class":55},[49,41180,109],{"class":63},[49,41182,8309],{"class":112},[49,41184,116],{"class":63},[49,41186,41187],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,41188,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,41190,41191,41193,41195,41197,41199,41202],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,41192,123],{"class":122},[49,41194,126],{"class":63},[49,41196,1861],{"class":1428},[49,41198,126],{"class":63},[49,41200,41201],{"class":112},"clean_value",[49,41203,1436],{"class":63},[20,41205,573],{},[40,41207,41209],{"className":42,"code":41208,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.25\n",[15,41210,41211],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41212,41213],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41214,41208],{"class":80},[591,41216,41218],{"id":41217},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41220,41221],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[40,41223,41225],{"className":42,"code":41224,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41226,41227,41240,41244,41254,41268,41283,41287,41301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41228,41229,41231,41233,41235,41238],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41230,2115],{"class":55},[49,41232,60],{"class":59},[49,41234,87],{"class":67},[49,41236,41237],{"class":71}," 3.5 ",[49,41239,301],{"class":67},[49,41241,41242],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,41243,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,41245,41246,41248,41250,41252],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,41247,123],{"class":122},[49,41249,126],{"class":63},[49,41251,2142],{"class":112},[49,41253,335],{"class":63},[49,41255,41256,41258,41260,41262,41264,41266],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,41257,123],{"class":122},[49,41259,126],{"class":63},[49,41261,1429],{"class":1428},[49,41263,126],{"class":63},[49,41265,2142],{"class":112},[49,41267,1436],{"class":63},[49,41269,41270,41272,41274,41277,41279,41281],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,41271,123],{"class":122},[49,41273,126],{"class":63},[49,41275,41276],{"class":122},"repr",[49,41278,126],{"class":63},[49,41280,2142],{"class":112},[49,41282,1436],{"class":63},[49,41284,41285],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,41286,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,41288,41289,41291,41293,41295,41297,41299],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,41290,41174],{"class":55},[49,41292,60],{"class":59},[49,41294,8108],{"class":55},[49,41296,109],{"class":63},[49,41298,8309],{"class":112},[49,41300,116],{"class":63},[49,41302,41303,41305,41307,41309,41311,41313],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,41304,123],{"class":122},[49,41306,126],{"class":63},[49,41308,1861],{"class":1428},[49,41310,126],{"class":63},[49,41312,41201],{"class":112},[49,41314,1436],{"class":63},[20,41316,41317],{},"Why this helps:",[155,41319,41320,41326,41331,41337],{},[158,41321,41322,41325],{},[15,41323,41324],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[158,41327,41328,20851],{},[15,41329,41330],{},"print(type(value))",[158,41332,41333,41336],{},[15,41334,41335],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[158,41338,41339,41341],{},[15,41340,41150],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[591,41343,41345],{"id":41344},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41347,41348],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[40,41350,41352],{"className":42,"code":41351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41353,41354,41373,41377,41383,41398,41417,41426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41355,41356,41358,41360,41362,41364,41366,41369,41371],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41357,2115],{"class":55},[49,41359,60],{"class":59},[49,41361,7916],{"class":122},[49,41363,126],{"class":63},[49,41365,68],{"class":67},[49,41367,41368],{"class":71},"Enter a number: ",[49,41370,68],{"class":67},[49,41372,335],{"class":63},[49,41374,41375],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,41376,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,41378,41379,41381],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,41380,29291],{"class":973},[49,41382,6067],{"class":63},[49,41384,41385,41388,41390,41392,41394,41396],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,41386,41387],{"class":55},"    number ",[49,41389,60],{"class":59},[49,41391,39751],{"class":1428},[49,41393,126],{"class":63},[49,41395,2142],{"class":112},[49,41397,335],{"class":63},[49,41399,41400,41402,41404,41406,41409,41411,41413,41415],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,41401,7742],{"class":122},[49,41403,126],{"class":63},[49,41405,68],{"class":67},[49,41407,41408],{"class":71},"Converted:",[49,41410,68],{"class":67},[49,41412,84],{"class":63},[49,41414,1866],{"class":112},[49,41416,335],{"class":63},[49,41418,41419,41421,41424],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,41420,29322],{"class":973},[49,41422,41423],{"class":1428}," ValueError",[49,41425,6067],{"class":63},[49,41427,41428,41430,41432,41434,41437,41439],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,41429,7742],{"class":122},[49,41431,126],{"class":63},[49,41433,68],{"class":67},[49,41435,41436],{"class":71},"That is not a valid number.",[49,41438,68],{"class":67},[49,41440,335],{"class":63},[20,41442,41443,41444,109],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[72,41445,40392],{"href":40391},[35,41447,41449],{"id":41448},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41451,10254,41452,1017,41454,41456],{},[15,41453,2554],{},[15,41455,2547],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41458,41459,41461],{},[15,41460,2554],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[40,41463,41465],{"className":42,"code":41464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41466,41467],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41468,41469,41471,41473,41475,41477,41479,41482,41484],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41470,123],{"class":122},[49,41472,126],{"class":63},[49,41474,1861],{"class":1428},[49,41476,126],{"class":63},[49,41478,68],{"class":67},[49,41480,41481],{"class":71},"3.9",[49,41483,68],{"class":67},[49,41485,1436],{"class":63},[20,41487,573],{},[40,41489,41491],{"className":42,"code":41490,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.9\n",[15,41492,41493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41494,41495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41496,41490],{"class":80},[20,41498,41499,41501],{},[15,41500,2547],{}," creates whole numbers:",[40,41503,41505],{"className":42,"code":41504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41506,41507],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41508,41509,41511,41513,41515,41517,41519,41521,41523],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41510,123],{"class":122},[49,41512,126],{"class":63},[49,41514,1857],{"class":1428},[49,41516,126],{"class":63},[49,41518,68],{"class":67},[49,41520,1999],{"class":71},[49,41522,68],{"class":67},[49,41524,1436],{"class":63},[20,41526,573],{},[40,41528,41529],{"className":42,"code":2045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,41530,41531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41532,41533],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41534,2045],{"class":80},[20,41536,41537,41538,41541],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41539,41540],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[40,41543,41545],{"className":42,"code":41544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41546,41547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41548,41549,41551,41553,41555,41557,41559,41561,41563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41550,123],{"class":122},[49,41552,126],{"class":63},[49,41554,1857],{"class":1428},[49,41556,126],{"class":63},[49,41558,68],{"class":67},[49,41560,41481],{"class":71},[49,41562,68],{"class":67},[49,41564,1436],{"class":63},[20,41566,2673,41567,8276,41569,41572],{},[15,41568,40200],{},[15,41570,41571],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41574,10377],{},[155,41576,41577,41583],{},[158,41578,41579,41582],{},[15,41580,41581],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[158,41584,41585,41587],{},[15,41586,41540],{}," fails",[20,41589,41590,41591,41594,41595,41597],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[72,41592,41593],{"href":2544},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[72,41596,2088],{"href":2087}," helpful.",[35,41599,1498],{"id":1497},[591,41601,41603],{"id":41602},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41605,41606,41607,2548,41609,109],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41608,2161],{},[15,41610,39639],{},[591,41612,41614],{"id":41613},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41616,41617,41618,2548,41621,109],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41619,41620],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41622,41623],{},"\"10\"",[591,41625,41627],{"id":41626},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41629,28548,41630,41632,41633,109],{},[15,41631,41026],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41634,40200],{},[591,41636,41638],{"id":41637},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41640,1518,41641,109],{},[15,41642,3442],{},[591,41644,41646],{"id":41645},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41648,41649,41650,41652,41653,1017,41656,41652,41658,109],{},"Yes. ",[15,41651,3276],{}," becomes ",[15,41654,41655],{},"1.0",[15,41657,3348],{},[15,41659,3442],{},[35,41661,1550],{"id":1549},[155,41663,41664,41668,41674,41679,41683,41687],{},[158,41665,41666],{},[72,41667,41593],{"href":2544},[158,41669,41670],{},[72,41671,41673],{"href":41672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[158,41675,41676],{},[72,41677,41678],{"href":40387},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[158,41680,41681],{},[72,41682,8733],{"href":8655},[158,41684,41685],{},[72,41686,40392],{"href":40391},[158,41688,41689],{},[72,41690,41691],{"href":7893},"Python input() Function Explained",[1597,41693,41694],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":41696},[41697,41698,41699,41700,41707,41712,41713,41720,41725,41732,41733,41740],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":39686,"depth":103,"text":39687},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":39911,"depth":103,"text":39912,"children":41701},[41702,41703,41704,41705,41706],{"id":39920,"depth":119,"text":39921},{"id":39984,"depth":119,"text":39985},{"id":40048,"depth":119,"text":40049},{"id":40090,"depth":119,"text":40091},{"id":40145,"depth":119,"text":40146},{"id":40184,"depth":103,"text":40185,"children":41708},[41709,41710,41711],{"id":40193,"depth":119,"text":40194},{"id":40279,"depth":119,"text":40280},{"id":40349,"depth":119,"text":40350},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":40541,"depth":103,"text":40542,"children":41714},[41715,41717,41718,41719],{"id":40545,"depth":119,"text":41716},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40638,"depth":119,"text":40639},{"id":40724,"depth":119,"text":40725},{"id":40786,"depth":119,"text":40787},{"id":40846,"depth":103,"text":40847,"children":41721},[41722,41723,41724],{"id":40855,"depth":119,"text":40856},{"id":40894,"depth":119,"text":40895},{"id":40935,"depth":119,"text":40936},{"id":41000,"depth":103,"text":41001,"children":41726},[41727,41728,41729,41730,41731],{"id":41010,"depth":119,"text":40200},{"id":41076,"depth":119,"text":2676},{"id":41143,"depth":119,"text":41144},{"id":41217,"depth":119,"text":41218},{"id":41344,"depth":119,"text":41345},{"id":41448,"depth":103,"text":41449},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":41734},[41735,41736,41737,41738,41739],{"id":41602,"depth":119,"text":41603},{"id":41613,"depth":119,"text":41614},{"id":41626,"depth":119,"text":41627},{"id":41637,"depth":119,"text":41638},{"id":41645,"depth":119,"text":41646},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39587,"description":41741},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41748,"title":41749,"body":41750,"description":42971,"extension":1632,"meta":42972,"navigation":312,"path":34515,"seo":42973,"stem":42974,"__hash__":42975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41751,"toc":42937},[41752,41755,41760,41763,41765,41804,41818,41822,41827,41830,41847,41850,41860,41875,41878,41880,41883,41899,41902,41905,41925,41929,41940,41943,41947,41951,41965,42000,42004,42015,42050,42053,42055,42063,42096,42112,42114,42124,42145,42156,42158,42163,42166,42180,42182,42201,42204,42217,42220,42224,42228,42242,42245,42263,42266,42281,42285,42290,42304,42310,42312,42369,42371,42404,42407,42423,42427,42434,42438,42443,42446,42457,42461,42466,42481,42490,42495,42514,42517,42529,42531,42536,42546,42549,42578,42583,42592,42596,42601,42604,42608,42613,42615,42645,42648,42655,42660,42665,42669,42672,42680,42683,42761,42764,42786,42788,42792,42795,42799,42805,42868,42872,42880,42884,42887,42889,42914,42934],[10,41753,41749],{"id":41754},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41756,3254,41757,41759],{},[15,41758,34518],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41761,41762],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[35,41764,38],{"id":37},[40,41766,41768],{"className":42,"code":41767,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41769,41770,41780,41790],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41771,41772,41774,41776,41778],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41773,31641],{"class":122},[49,41775,126],{"class":63},[49,41777,10824],{"class":122},[49,41779,335],{"class":63},[49,41781,41782,41784,41786,41788],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,41783,31641],{"class":122},[49,41785,126],{"class":63},[49,41787,3114],{"class":1428},[49,41789,335],{"class":63},[49,41791,41792,41794,41796,41798,41800,41802],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,41793,31641],{"class":122},[49,41795,126],{"class":63},[49,41797,397],{"class":67},[49,41799,34149],{"class":71},[49,41801,397],{"class":67},[49,41803,335],{"class":63},[20,41805,1762,41806,41808,41809,2548,41811,41813,41814,41817],{},[15,41807,34518],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41810,10824],{},[15,41812,3114],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41815,41816],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[35,41819,41821],{"id":41820},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41823,41824,41826],{},[15,41825,34518],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41828,41829],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[155,41831,41832,41835,41838,41841,41844],{},[158,41833,41834],{},"Functions",[158,41836,41837],{},"Classes",[158,41839,41840],{},"Methods",[158,41842,41843],{},"Modules",[158,41845,41846],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41848,41849],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41851,41852,41853,41859],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[72,41854,41856],{"href":41855},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41857,41858],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[40,41861,41863],{"className":42,"code":41862,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\n",[15,41864,41865],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41866,41867,41869,41871,41873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41868,31641],{"class":122},[49,41870,126],{"class":63},[49,41872,10824],{"class":122},[49,41874,335],{"class":63},[20,41876,41877],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[35,41879,189],{"id":188},[20,41881,41882],{},"The main form is:",[40,41884,41886],{"className":42,"code":41885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(object)\n",[15,41887,41888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41889,41890,41892,41894,41897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41891,31641],{"class":122},[49,41893,126],{"class":63},[49,41895,41896],{"class":1428},"object",[49,41898,335],{"class":63},[20,41900,41901],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41903,41904],{},"Common examples include:",[155,41906,41907,41911,41916,41920],{},[158,41908,41909],{},[15,41910,10824],{},[158,41912,41913],{},[15,41914,41915],{},"list.append",[158,41917,41918],{},[15,41919,3114],{},[158,41921,41922],{},[15,41923,41924],{},"open",[20,41926,6846,41927,6849],{},[15,41928,34518],{},[40,41930,41932],{"className":42,"code":41931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help()\n",[15,41933,41934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41935,41936,41938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41937,31641],{"class":122},[49,41939,116],{"class":63},[20,41941,41942],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[35,41944,41946],{"id":41945},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[591,41948,41950],{"id":41949},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41952,41953,41954,1858,41956,1858,41958,16553,41961,109],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41955,10824],{},[15,41957,123],{},[15,41959,41960],{},"input",[72,41962,41963],{"href":1967},[15,41964,1970],{},[40,41966,41968],{"className":42,"code":41967,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,41969,41970,41980,41990],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41971,41972,41974,41976,41978],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41973,31641],{"class":122},[49,41975,126],{"class":63},[49,41977,123],{"class":122},[49,41979,335],{"class":63},[49,41981,41982,41984,41986,41988],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,41983,31641],{"class":122},[49,41985,126],{"class":63},[49,41987,41960],{"class":122},[49,41989,335],{"class":63},[49,41991,41992,41994,41996,41998],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,41993,31641],{"class":122},[49,41995,126],{"class":63},[49,41997,1429],{"class":1428},[49,41999,335],{"class":63},[591,42001,42003],{"id":42002},"data-types","Data types",[20,42005,42006,42007,1858,42009,1858,42011,16553,42013,109],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42008,3114],{},[15,42010,7767],{},[15,42012,8496],{},[15,42014,5960],{},[40,42016,42018],{"className":42,"code":42017,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42019,42020,42030,42040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42021,42022,42024,42026,42028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42023,31641],{"class":122},[49,42025,126],{"class":63},[49,42027,3114],{"class":1428},[49,42029,335],{"class":63},[49,42031,42032,42034,42036,42038],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,42033,31641],{"class":122},[49,42035,126],{"class":63},[49,42037,7767],{"class":1428},[49,42039,335],{"class":63},[49,42041,42042,42044,42046,42048],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,42043,31641],{"class":122},[49,42045,126],{"class":63},[49,42047,8496],{"class":1428},[49,42049,335],{"class":63},[20,42051,42052],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[591,42054,41840],{"id":33996},[20,42056,42057,42058,1017,42061,109],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42059,42060],{},"str.split",[15,42062,41915],{},[40,42064,42066],{"className":42,"code":42065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42067,42068,42082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42069,42070,42072,42074,42076,42078,42080],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42071,31641],{"class":122},[49,42073,126],{"class":63},[49,42075,3114],{"class":1428},[49,42077,109],{"class":63},[49,42079,33959],{"class":24235},[49,42081,335],{"class":63},[49,42083,42084,42086,42088,42090,42092,42094],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,42085,31641],{"class":122},[49,42087,126],{"class":63},[49,42089,7767],{"class":1428},[49,42091,109],{"class":63},[49,42093,13031],{"class":24235},[49,42095,335],{"class":63},[20,42097,42098,42099,8379,42101,27800,42106,42108,42109,42111],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42100,34518],{},[72,42102,42104],{"href":42103},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42105,33801],{},[15,42107,33801],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42110,34518],{}," explains one of them.",[591,42113,41843],{"id":34149},[20,42115,42116,42117,1858,42119,16553,42121,109],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42118,17899],{},[15,42120,34681],{},[15,42122,42123],{},"os",[40,42125,42127],{"className":42,"code":42126,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42128,42129,42135],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42130,42131,42133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42132,34582],{"class":973},[49,42134,34585],{"class":55},[49,42136,42137,42139,42141,42143],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,42138,31641],{"class":122},[49,42140,126],{"class":63},[49,42142,17899],{"class":112},[49,42144,335],{"class":63},[20,42146,42147,42148,42152,42153,109],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[72,42149,42151],{"href":42150},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[72,42154,34648],{"href":42155},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[35,42157,34409],{"id":34408},[20,42159,42160,42162],{},[15,42161,34518],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42164,42165],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[155,42167,42168,42171,42174,42177],{},[158,42169,42170],{},"The function signature",[158,42172,42173],{},"The short description",[158,42175,42176],{},"Parameter names",[158,42178,42179],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42181,5145],{},[40,42183,42185],{"className":42,"code":42184,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42186,42187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42188,42189,42191,42193,42195,42197,42199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42190,31641],{"class":122},[49,42192,126],{"class":63},[49,42194,3114],{"class":1428},[49,42196,109],{"class":63},[49,42198,33959],{"class":24235},[49,42200,335],{"class":63},[20,42202,42203],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[155,42205,42206,42209,42212,42214],{},[158,42207,42208],{},"What object this is",[158,42210,42211],{},"What arguments it accepts",[158,42213,21454],{},[158,42215,42216],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42218,42219],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[35,42221,42223],{"id":42222},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42225,42226,29361],{},[15,42227,34518],{},[155,42229,42230,42233,42236,42239],{},[158,42231,42232],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[158,42234,42235],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[158,42237,42238],{},"You are exploring a new module",[158,42240,42241],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42243,42244],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[40,42246,42247],{"className":42,"code":42184,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,42248,42249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42250,42251,42253,42255,42257,42259,42261],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42252,31641],{"class":122},[49,42254,126],{"class":63},[49,42256,3114],{"class":1428},[49,42258,109],{"class":63},[49,42260,33959],{"class":24235},[49,42262,335],{"class":63},[20,42264,42265],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[40,42267,42269],{"className":42,"code":42268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(open)\n",[15,42270,42271],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42272,42273,42275,42277,42279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42274,31641],{"class":122},[49,42276,126],{"class":63},[49,42278,41924],{"class":122},[49,42280,335],{"class":63},[35,42282,42284],{"id":42283},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42286,42287,42289],{},[15,42288,34518],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[155,42291,42292,42295,42298,42301],{},[158,42293,42294],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[158,42296,42297],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[158,42299,42300],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[158,42302,42303],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42305,42306,42307,42309],{},"So, ",[15,42308,34518],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42311,5145],{},[40,42313,42315],{"className":42,"code":42314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42316,42317,42330,42354,42358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42318,42319,42321,42323,42325,42328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42320,34178],{"class":55},[49,42322,60],{"class":59},[49,42324,87],{"class":67},[49,42326,42327],{"class":71},"a,b,c",[49,42329,301],{"class":67},[49,42331,42332,42335,42337,42340,42342,42344,42346,42348,42350,42352],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,42333,42334],{"class":55},"parts ",[49,42336,60],{"class":59},[49,42338,42339],{"class":55}," text",[49,42341,109],{"class":63},[49,42343,33959],{"class":112},[49,42345,126],{"class":63},[49,42347,68],{"class":67},[49,42349,84],{"class":71},[49,42351,68],{"class":67},[49,42353,335],{"class":63},[49,42355,42356],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,42357,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,42359,42360,42362,42364,42367],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,42361,123],{"class":122},[49,42363,126],{"class":63},[49,42365,42366],{"class":112},"parts",[49,42368,335],{"class":63},[20,42370,380],{},[40,42372,42374],{"className":42,"code":42373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42375,42376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42377,42378,42380,42382,42384,42386,42388,42390,42392,42394,42396,42398,42400,42402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42379,3573],{"class":63},[49,42381,397],{"class":67},[49,42383,72],{"class":71},[49,42385,397],{"class":67},[49,42387,84],{"class":63},[49,42389,406],{"class":67},[49,42391,90],{"class":71},[49,42393,397],{"class":67},[49,42395,84],{"class":63},[49,42397,406],{"class":67},[49,42399,9406],{"class":71},[49,42401,397],{"class":67},[49,42403,3309],{"class":63},[20,42405,42406],{},"A good workflow is:",[28200,42408,42409,42414,42417,42420],{},[158,42410,1762,42411,42413],{},[15,42412,34518],{}," to inspect something",[158,42415,42416],{},"Write a tiny example",[158,42418,42419],{},"Check the result",[158,42421,42422],{},"Repeat",[35,42424,42426],{"id":42425},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42428,42429,1017,42431,42433],{},[15,42430,34518],{},[15,42432,33801],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[591,42435,42436],{"id":31641},[15,42437,34518],{},[20,42439,1762,42440,42442],{},[15,42441,34518],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42444,42445],{},"It tells you:",[155,42447,42448,42451,42454],{},[158,42449,42450],{},"What something is",[158,42452,42453],{},"How to use it",[158,42455,42456],{},"What parameters it accepts",[591,42458,42459],{"id":33862},[15,42460,33801],{},[20,42462,1762,42463,42465],{},[15,42464,33801],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[40,42467,42469],{"className":42,"code":42468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dir(str)\n",[15,42470,42471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42472,42473,42475,42477,42479],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42474,33862],{"class":122},[49,42476,126],{"class":63},[49,42478,3114],{"class":1428},[49,42480,335],{"class":63},[20,42482,42483,42484,1858,42486,16553,42488,109],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42485,33959],{},[15,42487,8309],{},[15,42489,8315],{},[20,42491,42492,42493,77],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42494,34518],{},[40,42496,42498],{"className":42,"code":42497,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42499,42500],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42501,42502,42504,42506,42508,42510,42512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42503,31641],{"class":122},[49,42505,126],{"class":63},[49,42507,3114],{"class":1428},[49,42509,109],{"class":63},[49,42511,8315],{"class":24235},[49,42513,335],{"class":63},[20,42515,42516],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[155,42518,42519,42524],{},[158,42520,1762,42521,42523],{},[15,42522,33801],{}," to discover options",[158,42525,1762,42526,42528],{},[15,42527,34518],{}," to understand one option",[35,42530,1376],{"id":1375},[20,42532,42533,42534,109],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42535,34518],{},[591,42537,8092,42539,42542,42543],{"id":42538},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42540,42541],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42544,42545],{},"help(len)",[20,42547,42548],{},"These are not always the same.",[40,42550,42552],{"className":42,"code":42551,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42553,42554,42564],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42555,42556,42558,42560,42562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42557,31641],{"class":122},[49,42559,126],{"class":63},[49,42561,10824],{"class":122},[49,42563,335],{"class":63},[49,42565,42566,42568,42570,42572,42574,42576],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,42567,31641],{"class":122},[49,42569,126],{"class":63},[49,42571,397],{"class":67},[49,42573,10824],{"class":71},[49,42575,397],{"class":67},[49,42577,335],{"class":63},[20,42579,42580,42582],{},[15,42581,42545],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42584,42585,42587,42588,42591],{},[15,42586,42541],{}," treats ",[15,42589,42590],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[591,42593,42595],{"id":42594},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42597,42598,42600],{},[15,42599,34518],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42602,42603],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[591,42605,42607],{"id":42606},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42609,39839,42610,42612],{},[15,42611,34518],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42614,1244],{},[40,42616,42618],{"className":42,"code":42617,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42619,42620,42630],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42621,42622,42624,42626,42628],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42623,31641],{"class":122},[49,42625,126],{"class":63},[49,42627,10824],{"class":122},[49,42629,335],{"class":63},[49,42631,42632,42634,42636,42638,42641,42643],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,42633,123],{"class":122},[49,42635,126],{"class":63},[49,42637,68],{"class":67},[49,42639,42640],{"class":71},"Done",[49,42642,68],{"class":67},[49,42644,335],{"class":63},[20,42646,42647],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[591,42649,36698,42651,8379,42653],{"id":42650},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42652,34518],{},[15,42654,33801],{},[20,42656,42657,42658,109],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42659,33801],{},[20,42661,42662,42663,109],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42664,34518],{},[35,42666,42668],{"id":42667},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42670,42671],{},"Open Python:",[40,42673,42674],{"className":42,"code":35034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,42675,42676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42677,42678],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42679,35034],{"class":55},[20,42681,42682],{},"Then test these commands:",[40,42684,42686],{"className":42,"code":42685,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42687,42688,42698,42712,42726,42736,42751],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42689,42690,42692,42694,42696],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42691,31641],{"class":122},[49,42693,126],{"class":63},[49,42695,10824],{"class":122},[49,42697,335],{"class":63},[49,42699,42700,42702,42704,42706,42708,42710],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,42701,31641],{"class":122},[49,42703,126],{"class":63},[49,42705,3114],{"class":1428},[49,42707,109],{"class":63},[49,42709,33959],{"class":24235},[49,42711,335],{"class":63},[49,42713,42714,42716,42718,42720,42722,42724],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,42715,31641],{"class":122},[49,42717,126],{"class":63},[49,42719,7767],{"class":1428},[49,42721,109],{"class":63},[49,42723,13031],{"class":24235},[49,42725,335],{"class":63},[49,42727,42728,42730,42732,42734],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,42729,31641],{"class":122},[49,42731,126],{"class":63},[49,42733,41924],{"class":122},[49,42735,335],{"class":63},[49,42737,42738,42740,42742,42744,42747,42749],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,42739,31641],{"class":122},[49,42741,126],{"class":63},[49,42743,397],{"class":67},[49,42745,42746],{"class":71},"keywords",[49,42748,397],{"class":67},[49,42750,335],{"class":63},[49,42752,42753,42755,42757,42759],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,42754,33862],{"class":122},[49,42756,126],{"class":63},[49,42758,3114],{"class":1428},[49,42760,335],{"class":63},[20,42762,42763],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[155,42765,42766,42769,42772,42775,42778,42781],{},[158,42767,42768],{},"A built-in function",[158,42770,42771],{},"A string method",[158,42773,42774],{},"A list method",[158,42776,42777],{},"A built-in file function",[158,42779,42780],{},"A special help topic",[158,42782,14668,42783,42785],{},[15,42784,33801],{}," example for comparison",[35,42787,1498],{"id":1497},[591,42789,42791],{"id":42790},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42793,42794],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[591,42796,42798],{"id":42797},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42800,42801,42802,42804],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42803,34518],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[40,42806,42808],{"className":42,"code":42807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42809,42810,42822,42835,42854,42858],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42811,42812,42814,42816,42818,42820],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42813,34342],{"class":1734},[49,42815,34346],{"class":34345},[49,42817,126],{"class":63},[49,42819,251],{"class":37157},[49,42821,8016],{"class":63},[49,42823,42824,42828,42832],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,42825,42827],{"class":42826},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[49,42829,42831],{"class":42830},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[49,42833,42834],{"class":42826},"\"\"\"\n",[49,42836,42837,42839,42842,42845,42847,42849,42851],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,42838,34353],{"class":973},[49,42840,42841],{"class":1734}," f",[49,42843,42844],{"class":71},"\"Hello, ",[49,42846,8949],{"class":80},[49,42848,251],{"class":55},[49,42850,21787],{"class":80},[49,42852,42853],{"class":71},"!\"\n",[49,42855,42856],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,42857,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,42859,42860,42862,42864,42866],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,42861,31641],{"class":122},[49,42863,126],{"class":63},[49,42865,34388],{"class":112},[49,42867,335],{"class":63},[591,42869,42871],{"id":42870},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42873,42874,42876,42877,42879],{},[15,42875,42545],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42878,42541],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[591,42881,42883],{"id":42882},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42885,42886],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[35,42888,1550],{"id":1549},[155,42890,42891,42896,42900,42905,42910],{},[158,42892,42893],{},[72,42894,42895],{"href":42103},"Python dir() function explained",[158,42897,42898],{},[72,42899,8117],{"href":1967},[158,42901,42902],{},[72,42903,42904],{"href":41855},"Python len() function explained",[158,42906,42907],{},[72,42908,42909],{"href":42150},"How import works in Python",[158,42911,42912],{},[72,42913,34648],{"href":42155},[20,42915,42916,42917,42919,42920,1858,42922,16553,42924,42926,42927,2548,42930,42933],{},"Try ",[15,42918,34518],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42921,10824],{},[15,42923,123],{},[15,42925,41960],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42928,42929],{},"dir(str)",[15,42931,42932],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1597,42935,42936],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":42938},[42939,42940,42941,42942,42948,42949,42950,42951,42955,42963,42964,42970],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":41820,"depth":103,"text":41821},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":41945,"depth":103,"text":41946,"children":42943},[42944,42945,42946,42947],{"id":41949,"depth":119,"text":41950},{"id":42002,"depth":119,"text":42003},{"id":33996,"depth":119,"text":41840},{"id":34149,"depth":119,"text":41843},{"id":34408,"depth":103,"text":34409},{"id":42222,"depth":103,"text":42223},{"id":42283,"depth":103,"text":42284},{"id":42425,"depth":103,"text":42426,"children":42952},[42953,42954],{"id":31641,"depth":119,"text":34518},{"id":33862,"depth":119,"text":33801},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":42956},[42957,42959,42960,42961],{"id":42538,"depth":119,"text":42958},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42594,"depth":119,"text":42595},{"id":42606,"depth":119,"text":42607},{"id":42650,"depth":119,"text":42962},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42667,"depth":103,"text":42668},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":42965},[42966,42967,42968,42969],{"id":42790,"depth":119,"text":42791},{"id":42797,"depth":119,"text":42798},{"id":42870,"depth":119,"text":42871},{"id":42882,"depth":119,"text":42883},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41749,"description":42971},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42977,"title":42978,"body":42979,"description":44341,"extension":1632,"meta":44342,"navigation":312,"path":44343,"seo":44344,"stem":44345,"__hash__":44346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42980,"toc":44314},[42981,42987,42992,42998,43008,43067,43077,43088,43093,43099,43101,43119,43127,43129,43131,43146,43149,43160,43162,43253,43256,43260,43265,43286,43288,43399,43401,43428,43439,43443,43446,43529,43531,43539,43545,43551,43555,43558,43668,43670,43683,43686,43700,43708,43715,43720,43734,43740,43853,43855,43916,43919,43925,43931,43934,43956,43959,44029,44032,44064,44071,44073,44076,44094,44097,44109,44115,44117,44122,44148,44151,44223,44225,44231,44234,44240,44243,44249,44259,44265,44268,44275,44278,44280,44311],[10,42982,3247,42984,3251],{"id":42983},"python-id-function-explained",[15,42985,42986],{},"id()",[20,42988,31806,42989,42991],{},[15,42990,42986],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,42993,42994,42995,42997],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,42996,42986],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,42999,1762,43000,43002,43003,43005,43006,109],{},[15,43001,42986],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[30,43004,600],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43007,4362],{},[40,43009,43011],{"className":42,"code":43010,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43012,43013,43025,43039,43043,43053],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43014,43015,43017,43019,43021,43023],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43016,7549],{"class":55},[49,43018,60],{"class":59},[49,43020,87],{"class":67},[49,43022,6968],{"class":71},[49,43024,301],{"class":67},[49,43026,43027,43029,43031,43033,43035,43037],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43028,123],{"class":122},[49,43030,126],{"class":63},[49,43032,1445],{"class":122},[49,43034,126],{"class":63},[49,43036,251],{"class":112},[49,43038,1436],{"class":63},[49,43040,43041],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,43042,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,43044,43045,43048,43050],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,43046,43047],{"class":55},"other ",[49,43049,60],{"class":59},[49,43051,43052],{"class":55}," name\n",[49,43054,43055,43057,43059,43061,43063,43065],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,43056,123],{"class":122},[49,43058,126],{"class":63},[49,43060,1445],{"class":122},[49,43062,126],{"class":63},[49,43064,30231],{"class":112},[49,43066,1436],{"class":63},[20,43068,43069,43070,43073,43074,43076],{},"In this example, ",[15,43071,43072],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43075,42986],{}," values match.",[43078,43079,43080],"blockquote",{},[20,43081,1762,43082,43084,43085,43087],{},[15,43083,42986],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43086,4362],{}," for value comparison.",[35,43089,144,43091,147],{"id":43090},"what-id-does",[15,43092,42986],{},[20,43094,43095,43098],{},[15,43096,43097],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43100,12529],{},[155,43102,43103,43106,43113,43116],{},[158,43104,43105],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[158,43107,43108,43109,43112],{},"It shows ",[30,43110,43111],{},"object identity",", not object value",[158,43114,43115],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[158,43117,43118],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43120,43121,43122,43126],{},"This is closely related to how ",[72,43123,43125],{"href":43124},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[35,43128,189],{"id":188},[20,43130,5107],{},[40,43132,43134],{"className":42,"code":43133,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"id(object)\n",[15,43135,43136],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43137,43138,43140,43142,43144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43139,1445],{"class":122},[49,43141,126],{"class":63},[49,43143,41896],{"class":1428},[49,43145,335],{"class":63},[20,43147,43148],{},"Important details:",[155,43150,43151,43154,43157],{},[158,43152,43153],{},"It takes one argument",[158,43155,43156],{},"It returns an integer",[158,43158,43159],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43161,1244],{},[40,43163,43165],{"className":42,"code":43164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43166,43167,43179,43187,43207,43211,43225,43239],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43168,43169,43171,43173,43175,43177],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43170,34178],{"class":55},[49,43172,60],{"class":59},[49,43174,87],{"class":67},[49,43176,3518],{"class":71},[49,43178,301],{"class":67},[49,43180,43181,43183,43185],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43182,1886],{"class":55},[49,43184,60],{"class":59},[49,43186,2439],{"class":80},[49,43188,43189,43191,43193,43195,43197,43199,43201,43203,43205],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,43190,7451],{"class":55},[49,43192,60],{"class":59},[49,43194,3296],{"class":63},[49,43196,2659],{"class":80},[49,43198,84],{"class":63},[49,43200,97],{"class":80},[49,43202,84],{"class":63},[49,43204,2120],{"class":80},[49,43206,3309],{"class":63},[49,43208,43209],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,43210,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,43212,43213,43215,43217,43219,43221,43223],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,43214,123],{"class":122},[49,43216,126],{"class":63},[49,43218,1445],{"class":122},[49,43220,126],{"class":63},[49,43222,34199],{"class":112},[49,43224,1436],{"class":63},[49,43226,43227,43229,43231,43233,43235,43237],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,43228,123],{"class":122},[49,43230,126],{"class":63},[49,43232,1445],{"class":122},[49,43234,126],{"class":63},[49,43236,1908],{"class":112},[49,43238,1436],{"class":63},[49,43240,43241,43243,43245,43247,43249,43251],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,43242,123],{"class":122},[49,43244,126],{"class":63},[49,43246,1445],{"class":122},[49,43248,126],{"class":63},[49,43250,7482],{"class":112},[49,43252,1436],{"class":63},[20,43254,43255],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[35,43257,43259],{"id":43258},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43261,43262,43263,109],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43264,42986],{},[155,43266,43267,43274,43281],{},[158,43268,43269,43271,43272],{},[15,43270,4362],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[30,43273,2142],{},[158,43275,43276,43278,43279],{},[15,43277,974],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[30,43280,41896],{},[158,43282,43283,43285],{},[15,43284,42986],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43287,1244],{},[40,43289,43291],{"className":42,"code":43290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43292,43293,43313,43333,43337,43354,43371,43385],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43294,43295,43297,43299,43301,43303,43305,43307,43309,43311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43296,2224],{"class":55},[49,43298,60],{"class":59},[49,43300,3296],{"class":63},[49,43302,2659],{"class":80},[49,43304,84],{"class":63},[49,43306,97],{"class":80},[49,43308,84],{"class":63},[49,43310,2120],{"class":80},[49,43312,3309],{"class":63},[49,43314,43315,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325,43327,43329,43331],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43316,2252],{"class":55},[49,43318,60],{"class":59},[49,43320,3296],{"class":63},[49,43322,2659],{"class":80},[49,43324,84],{"class":63},[49,43326,97],{"class":80},[49,43328,84],{"class":63},[49,43330,2120],{"class":80},[49,43332,3309],{"class":63},[49,43334,43335],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,43336,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,43338,43339,43341,43343,43345,43347,43349,43351],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,43340,123],{"class":122},[49,43342,126],{"class":63},[49,43344,2224],{"class":112},[49,43346,4362],{"class":59},[49,43348,2229],{"class":112},[49,43350,131],{"class":63},[49,43352,43353],{"class":134},"   # True\n",[49,43355,43356,43358,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,43357,123],{"class":122},[49,43359,126],{"class":63},[49,43361,2224],{"class":112},[49,43363,974],{"class":973},[49,43365,2229],{"class":112},[49,43367,131],{"class":63},[49,43369,43370],{"class":134},"   # False\n",[49,43372,43373,43375,43377,43379,43381,43383],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,43374,123],{"class":122},[49,43376,126],{"class":63},[49,43378,1445],{"class":122},[49,43380,126],{"class":63},[49,43382,72],{"class":112},[49,43384,1436],{"class":63},[49,43386,43387,43389,43391,43393,43395,43397],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,43388,123],{"class":122},[49,43390,126],{"class":63},[49,43392,1445],{"class":122},[49,43394,126],{"class":63},[49,43396,90],{"class":112},[49,43398,1436],{"class":63},[20,43400,1197],{},[155,43402,43403,43411,43419],{},[158,43404,43405,4457,43408,43410],{},[15,43406,43407],{},"a == b",[15,43409,3276],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[158,43412,43413,4457,43416,43418],{},[15,43414,43415],{},"a is b",[15,43417,3348],{}," because they are different list objects",[158,43420,43421,1017,43424,43427],{},[15,43422,43423],{},"id(a)",[15,43425,43426],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43429,43430,43431,1017,43435,109],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[72,43432,43434],{"href":43433},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[72,43436,43438],{"href":43437},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[35,43440,43442],{"id":43441},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43444,43445],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[40,43447,43449],{"className":42,"code":43448,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43450,43451,43471,43481,43485,43499,43514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43452,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467,43469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43454,3291],{"class":55},[49,43456,60],{"class":59},[49,43458,3296],{"class":63},[49,43460,1999],{"class":80},[49,43462,84],{"class":63},[49,43464,7462],{"class":80},[49,43466,84],{"class":63},[49,43468,7467],{"class":80},[49,43470,3309],{"class":63},[49,43472,43473,43476,43478],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43474,43475],{"class":55},"other_numbers ",[49,43477,60],{"class":59},[49,43479,43480],{"class":55}," numbers\n",[49,43482,43483],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,43484,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,43486,43487,43489,43491,43493,43495,43497],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,43488,123],{"class":122},[49,43490,126],{"class":63},[49,43492,1445],{"class":122},[49,43494,126],{"class":63},[49,43496,3323],{"class":112},[49,43498,1436],{"class":63},[49,43500,43501,43503,43505,43507,43509,43512],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,43502,123],{"class":122},[49,43504,126],{"class":63},[49,43506,1445],{"class":122},[49,43508,126],{"class":63},[49,43510,43511],{"class":112},"other_numbers",[49,43513,1436],{"class":63},[49,43515,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524,43527],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,43517,123],{"class":122},[49,43519,126],{"class":63},[49,43521,3291],{"class":112},[49,43523,974],{"class":973},[49,43525,43526],{"class":112}," other_numbers",[49,43528,335],{"class":63},[20,43530,380],{},[40,43532,43533],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,43534,43535],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43536,43537],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43538,1007],{"class":583},[20,43540,43541,43542,43544],{},"The two ",[15,43543,42986],{}," values will also match.",[20,43546,21673,43547,43550],{},[15,43548,43549],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[35,43552,43554],{"id":43553},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43556,43557],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[40,43559,43561],{"className":42,"code":43560,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43562,43563,43584,43605,43609,43624,43638,43653],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43564,43565,43568,43570,43572,43574,43576,43578,43580,43582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43566,43567],{"class":55},"list_a ",[49,43569,60],{"class":59},[49,43571,3296],{"class":63},[49,43573,2659],{"class":80},[49,43575,84],{"class":63},[49,43577,97],{"class":80},[49,43579,84],{"class":63},[49,43581,2120],{"class":80},[49,43583,3309],{"class":63},[49,43585,43586,43589,43591,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601,43603],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43587,43588],{"class":55},"list_b ",[49,43590,60],{"class":59},[49,43592,3296],{"class":63},[49,43594,2659],{"class":80},[49,43596,84],{"class":63},[49,43598,97],{"class":80},[49,43600,84],{"class":63},[49,43602,2120],{"class":80},[49,43604,3309],{"class":63},[49,43606,43607],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,43608,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,43610,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43622],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,43612,123],{"class":122},[49,43614,126],{"class":63},[49,43616,43567],{"class":112},[49,43618,4362],{"class":59},[49,43620,43621],{"class":112}," list_b",[49,43623,335],{"class":63},[49,43625,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,43627,123],{"class":122},[49,43629,126],{"class":63},[49,43631,43567],{"class":112},[49,43633,974],{"class":973},[49,43635,43621],{"class":112},[49,43637,335],{"class":63},[49,43639,43640,43642,43644,43646,43648,43651],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,43641,123],{"class":122},[49,43643,126],{"class":63},[49,43645,1445],{"class":122},[49,43647,126],{"class":63},[49,43649,43650],{"class":112},"list_a",[49,43652,1436],{"class":63},[49,43654,43655,43657,43659,43661,43663,43666],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,43656,123],{"class":122},[49,43658,126],{"class":63},[49,43660,1445],{"class":122},[49,43662,126],{"class":63},[49,43664,43665],{"class":112},"list_b",[49,43667,1436],{"class":63},[20,43669,380],{},[40,43671,43673],{"className":42,"code":43672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43674,43675,43679],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43676,43677],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43678,1007],{"class":583},[49,43680,43681],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43682,1194],{"class":583},[20,43684,43685],{},"What this means:",[155,43687,43688,43691,43694],{},[158,43689,43690],{},"The lists are equal in value",[158,43692,43693],{},"They are not the same object",[158,43695,43696,43697,43699],{},"Their ",[15,43698,42986],{}," values are usually different",[20,43701,43702,43703,43705,43706,109],{},"This is why ",[15,43704,42986],{}," should not replace ",[15,43707,4362],{},[35,43709,43711,43712,43714],{"id":43710},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43713,42986],{}," is useful",[20,43716,43717,43719],{},[15,43718,42986],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[155,43721,43722,43725,43728,43731],{},[158,43723,43724],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[158,43726,43727],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[158,43729,43730],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[158,43732,43733],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43735,43736,43737,43739],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43738,42986],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[40,43741,43743],{"className":42,"code":43742,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43744,43745,43769,43778,43782,43801,43805,43815,43825,43839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43746,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763,43765,43767],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43748,865],{"class":55},[49,43750,60],{"class":59},[49,43752,3296],{"class":63},[49,43754,68],{"class":67},[49,43756,72],{"class":71},[49,43758,68],{"class":67},[49,43760,84],{"class":63},[49,43762,87],{"class":67},[49,43764,90],{"class":71},[49,43766,68],{"class":67},[49,43768,3309],{"class":63},[49,43770,43771,43774,43776],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43772,43773],{"class":55},"copy_ref ",[49,43775,60],{"class":59},[49,43777,903],{"class":55},[49,43779,43780],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,43781,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,43783,43784,43787,43789,43791,43793,43795,43797,43799],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,43785,43786],{"class":55},"copy_ref",[49,43788,109],{"class":63},[49,43790,13031],{"class":112},[49,43792,126],{"class":63},[49,43794,68],{"class":67},[49,43796,9406],{"class":71},[49,43798,68],{"class":67},[49,43800,335],{"class":63},[49,43802,43803],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,43804,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,43806,43807,43809,43811,43813],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,43808,123],{"class":122},[49,43810,126],{"class":63},[49,43812,912],{"class":112},[49,43814,335],{"class":63},[49,43816,43817,43819,43821,43823],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,43818,123],{"class":122},[49,43820,126],{"class":63},[49,43822,43786],{"class":112},[49,43824,335],{"class":63},[49,43826,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43837],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,43828,123],{"class":122},[49,43830,126],{"class":63},[49,43832,1445],{"class":122},[49,43834,126],{"class":63},[49,43836,912],{"class":112},[49,43838,1436],{"class":63},[49,43840,43841,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,43842,123],{"class":122},[49,43844,126],{"class":63},[49,43846,1445],{"class":122},[49,43848,126],{"class":63},[49,43850,43786],{"class":112},[49,43852,1436],{"class":63},[20,43854,380],{},[40,43856,43858],{"className":42,"code":43857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43859,43860,43888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43861,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870,43872,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882,43884,43886],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43863,3573],{"class":63},[49,43865,397],{"class":67},[49,43867,72],{"class":71},[49,43869,397],{"class":67},[49,43871,84],{"class":63},[49,43873,406],{"class":67},[49,43875,90],{"class":71},[49,43877,397],{"class":67},[49,43879,84],{"class":63},[49,43881,406],{"class":67},[49,43883,9406],{"class":71},[49,43885,397],{"class":67},[49,43887,3309],{"class":63},[49,43889,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43891,3573],{"class":63},[49,43893,397],{"class":67},[49,43895,72],{"class":71},[49,43897,397],{"class":67},[49,43899,84],{"class":63},[49,43901,406],{"class":67},[49,43903,90],{"class":71},[49,43905,397],{"class":67},[49,43907,84],{"class":63},[49,43909,406],{"class":67},[49,43911,9406],{"class":71},[49,43913,397],{"class":67},[49,43915,3309],{"class":63},[20,43917,43918],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[35,43920,43922,43923],{"id":43921},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43924,42986],{},[20,43926,43927,43928,43930],{},"Do not use ",[15,43929,42986],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43932,43933],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[155,43935,43936,43942,43948,43951],{},[158,43937,43938,43939,43941],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43940,4362],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[158,43943,43944,43945,43947],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43946,42986],{}," values across program runs",[158,43949,43950],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[158,43952,43953,43954],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,43955,42986],{},[20,43957,43958],{},"Bad example:",[40,43960,43962],{"className":42,"code":43961,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43963,43964,43976,43988,43992,44014],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43965,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43967,2224],{"class":55},[49,43969,60],{"class":59},[49,43971,87],{"class":67},[49,43973,36541],{"class":71},[49,43975,301],{"class":67},[49,43977,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,43979,2252],{"class":55},[49,43981,60],{"class":59},[49,43983,87],{"class":67},[49,43985,36541],{"class":71},[49,43987,301],{"class":67},[49,43989,43990],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,43991,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,43993,43994,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010,44012],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,43995,6668],{"class":973},[49,43997,14295],{"class":122},[49,43999,126],{"class":63},[49,44001,72],{"class":112},[49,44003,131],{"class":63},[49,44005,6082],{"class":59},[49,44007,14295],{"class":122},[49,44009,126],{"class":63},[49,44011,90],{"class":112},[49,44013,8016],{"class":63},[49,44015,44016,44018,44020,44022,44025,44027],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,44017,7742],{"class":122},[49,44019,126],{"class":63},[49,44021,68],{"class":67},[49,44023,44024],{"class":71},"The values are equal",[49,44026,68],{"class":67},[49,44028,335],{"class":63},[20,44030,44031],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[40,44033,44035],{"className":42,"code":44034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44036,44037,44050],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44038,44039,44041,44044,44046,44048],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44040,6668],{"class":973},[49,44042,44043],{"class":55}," a ",[49,44045,4362],{"class":59},[49,44047,2229],{"class":55},[49,44049,6067],{"class":63},[49,44051,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44053,7742],{"class":122},[49,44055,126],{"class":63},[49,44057,68],{"class":67},[49,44059,44024],{"class":71},[49,44061,68],{"class":67},[49,44063,335],{"class":63},[20,44065,1762,44066,2548,44068,44070],{},[15,44067,974],{},[15,44069,42986],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[35,44072,20284],{"id":20283},[20,44074,44075],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[155,44077,44078,44081,44084,44089],{},[158,44079,44080],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[158,44082,44083],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[158,44085,44086,44087],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44088,42986],{},[158,44090,44091,44092],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44093,42986],{},[20,44095,44096],{},"The important rule is:",[155,44098,44099,44104],{},[158,44100,1762,44101,44103],{},[15,44102,4362],{}," to check value",[158,44105,1762,44106,44108],{},[15,44107,974],{}," to check identity",[20,44110,44111,44112,44114],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44113,42986],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[35,44116,1376],{"id":1375},[20,44118,44119,44120,77],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44121,42986],{},[155,44123,44124,44132,44135,44138,44143],{},[158,44125,8092,44126,44128,44129,44131],{},[15,44127,42986],{}," when ",[15,44130,4362],{}," should be used",[158,44133,44134],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[158,44136,44137],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[158,44139,44140,44141],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44142,42986],{},[158,44144,8092,44145,44147],{},[15,44146,42986],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44149,44150],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[40,44152,44154],{"className":42,"code":44153,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44155,44156,44171,44185,44199,44213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44157,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44169],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44159,123],{"class":122},[49,44161,126],{"class":63},[49,44163,1445],{"class":122},[49,44165,126],{"class":63},[49,44167,44168],{"class":112},"my_object",[49,44170,1436],{"class":63},[49,44172,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44174,123],{"class":122},[49,44176,126],{"class":63},[49,44178,2224],{"class":112},[49,44180,4362],{"class":59},[49,44182,2229],{"class":112},[49,44184,335],{"class":63},[49,44186,44187,44189,44191,44193,44195,44197],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,44188,123],{"class":122},[49,44190,126],{"class":63},[49,44192,2224],{"class":112},[49,44194,974],{"class":973},[49,44196,2229],{"class":112},[49,44198,335],{"class":63},[49,44200,44201,44203,44205,44207,44209,44211],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,44202,123],{"class":122},[49,44204,126],{"class":63},[49,44206,1429],{"class":1428},[49,44208,126],{"class":63},[49,44210,44168],{"class":112},[49,44212,1436],{"class":63},[49,44214,44215,44217,44219,44221],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,44216,31641],{"class":122},[49,44218,126],{"class":63},[49,44220,1445],{"class":122},[49,44222,335],{"class":63},[35,44224,1498],{"id":1497},[591,44226,44228,44229,1515],{"id":44227},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44230,42986],{},[20,44232,44233],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[591,44235,14382,44237,44239],{"id":44236},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44238,42986],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44241,44242],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[591,44244,20904,44246,44248],{"id":44245},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44247,42986],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44250,29758,44251,44253,44254,2548,44256,44258],{},[15,44252,4362],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44255,42986],{},[15,44257,974],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[591,44260,44262,44263,1529],{"id":44261},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44264,42986],{},[20,44266,44267],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[591,44269,44271,44272,44274],{"id":44270},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44273,42986],{}," values?",[20,44276,44277],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[35,44279,1550],{"id":1549},[155,44281,44282,44287,44292,44297,44305],{},[158,44283,44284],{},[72,44285,44286],{"href":43124},"Python variables explained for beginners",[158,44288,44289],{},[72,44290,44291],{"href":43433},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[158,44293,44294],{},[72,44295,44296],{"href":43437},"Python data types overview",[158,44298,44299],{},[72,44300,3247,44302,3180],{"href":44301},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44303,44304],{},"isinstance()",[158,44306,44307],{},[72,44308,44310],{"href":44309},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1597,44312,44313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":44315},[44316,44318,44319,44320,44321,44322,44324,44326,44327,44328,44340],{"id":43090,"depth":103,"text":44317},"What id() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":43258,"depth":103,"text":43259},{"id":43441,"depth":103,"text":43442},{"id":43553,"depth":103,"text":43554},{"id":43710,"depth":103,"text":44323},"When id() is useful",{"id":43921,"depth":103,"text":44325},"When not to use id()",{"id":20283,"depth":103,"text":20284},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":44329},[44330,44332,44334,44336,44338],{"id":44227,"depth":119,"text":44331},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44236,"depth":119,"text":44333},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44245,"depth":119,"text":44335},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44261,"depth":119,"text":44337},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44270,"depth":119,"text":44339},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42978,"description":44341},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44348,"title":41691,"body":44349,"description":45989,"extension":1632,"meta":45990,"navigation":312,"path":45991,"seo":45992,"stem":45993,"__hash__":45994},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44350,"toc":45955},[44351,44356,44361,44364,44366,44409,44414,44417,44422,44427,44430,44446,44448,44492,44494,44521,44523,44538,44540,44542,44544,44560,44562,44574,44577,44611,44614,44639,44644,44646,44651,44655,44658,44660,44708,44710,44743,44749,44760,44762,44814,44816,44847,44849,44853,44857,44900,44906,44912,44964,44972,44977,44981,45072,45074,45107,45110,45112,45172,45174,45200,45210,45212,45216,45221,45226,45228,45265,45267,45286,45289,45293,45296,45352,45364,45373,45375,45402,45410,45417,45421,45424,45461,45464,45470,45507,45509,45513,45519,45537,45542,45590,45594,45683,45686,45693,45695,45697,45702,45720,45722,45765,45771,45788,45790,45852,45854,45856,45862,45870,45876,45882,45891,45901,45905,45913,45915,45917,45952],[10,44352,3247,44354,3251],{"id":44353},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44355,2628],{},[20,44357,150,44358,44360],{},[15,44359,2628],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44362,44363],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[35,44365,38],{"id":37},[40,44367,44369],{"className":42,"code":44368,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44370,44371,44390],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44372,44373,44375,44377,44379,44381,44383,44386,44388],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44374,7549],{"class":55},[49,44376,60],{"class":59},[49,44378,7916],{"class":122},[49,44380,126],{"class":63},[49,44382,68],{"class":67},[49,44384,44385],{"class":71},"Enter your name: ",[49,44387,68],{"class":67},[49,44389,335],{"class":63},[49,44391,44392,44394,44396,44398,44401,44403,44405,44407],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44393,123],{"class":122},[49,44395,126],{"class":63},[49,44397,68],{"class":67},[49,44399,44400],{"class":71},"Hello, ",[49,44402,68],{"class":67},[49,44404,2123],{"class":59},[49,44406,35484],{"class":112},[49,44408,335],{"class":63},[20,44410,1762,44411,44413],{},[15,44412,2628],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44415,44416],"hr",{},[35,44418,144,44420,147],{"id":44419},"what-input-does",[15,44421,2628],{},[20,44423,44424,44426],{},[15,44425,2628],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44428,44429],{},"Here is what happens:",[155,44431,44432,44437,44440,44443],{},[158,44433,44434,44436],{},[15,44435,2628],{}," waits for the user to type",[158,44438,44439],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[158,44441,44442],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[158,44444,44445],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44447,1244],{},[40,44449,44451],{"className":42,"code":44450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44452,44453,44473],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44454,44455,44458,44460,44462,44464,44466,44469,44471],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44456,44457],{"class":55},"color ",[49,44459,60],{"class":59},[49,44461,7916],{"class":122},[49,44463,126],{"class":63},[49,44465,68],{"class":67},[49,44467,44468],{"class":71},"What is your favorite color? ",[49,44470,68],{"class":67},[49,44472,335],{"class":63},[49,44474,44475,44477,44479,44481,44484,44486,44488,44490],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44476,123],{"class":122},[49,44478,126],{"class":63},[49,44480,68],{"class":67},[49,44482,44483],{"class":71},"Your favorite color is",[49,44485,68],{"class":67},[49,44487,84],{"class":63},[49,44489,35343],{"class":112},[49,44491,335],{"class":63},[20,44493,29517],{},[40,44495,44497],{"className":42,"code":44496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44498,44499,44512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44500,44501,44503,44505,44508,44510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44502,144],{"class":55},[49,44504,974],{"class":59},[49,44506,44507],{"class":55}," your favorite color",[49,44509,1529],{"class":36861},[49,44511,35373],{"class":55},[49,44513,44514,44517,44519],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44515,44516],{"class":55},"Your favorite color ",[49,44518,974],{"class":59},[49,44520,35373],{"class":55},[20,44522,19440],{},[155,44524,44525,44530,44535],{},[158,44526,44527,44528],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44529,44468],{},[158,44531,44532,44533],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44534,32380],{},[158,44536,44537],{},"That value is then printed",[44415,44539],{},[35,44541,189],{"id":188},[20,44543,6889],{},[40,44545,44547],{"className":42,"code":44546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44548,44549],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44550,44551,44553,44555,44558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44552,41960],{"class":122},[49,44554,126],{"class":63},[49,44556,44557],{"class":112},"prompt",[49,44559,335],{"class":63},[20,44561,208],{},[155,44563,44564,44568,44571],{},[158,44565,150,44566,19522],{},[15,44567,44557],{},[158,44569,44570],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[158,44572,44573],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44575,44576],{},"Example with a prompt:",[40,44578,44580],{"className":42,"code":44579,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44581,44582,44601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44583,44584,44586,44588,44590,44592,44594,44597,44599],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44585,7634],{"class":55},[49,44587,60],{"class":59},[49,44589,7916],{"class":122},[49,44591,126],{"class":63},[49,44593,68],{"class":67},[49,44595,44596],{"class":71},"Enter your username: ",[49,44598,68],{"class":67},[49,44600,335],{"class":63},[49,44602,44603,44605,44607,44609],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44604,123],{"class":122},[49,44606,126],{"class":63},[49,44608,7658],{"class":112},[49,44610,335],{"class":63},[20,44612,44613],{},"Example without a prompt:",[40,44615,44617],{"className":42,"code":44616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44618,44619,44629],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44620,44621,44623,44625,44627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44622,2115],{"class":55},[49,44624,60],{"class":59},[49,44626,7916],{"class":122},[49,44628,116],{"class":63},[49,44630,44631,44633,44635,44637],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44632,123],{"class":122},[49,44634,126],{"class":63},[49,44636,2142],{"class":112},[49,44638,335],{"class":63},[20,44640,7434,44641,44643],{},[15,44642,2628],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44415,44645],{},[35,44647,144,44649,475],{"id":44648},"what-input-returns",[15,44650,2628],{},[20,44652,44653,7899],{},[15,44654,2628],{},[20,44656,44657],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44659,1244],{},[40,44661,44663],{"className":42,"code":44662,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44664,44665,44684,44694],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44666,44667,44669,44671,44673,44675,44677,44680,44682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44668,21112],{"class":55},[49,44670,60],{"class":59},[49,44672,7916],{"class":122},[49,44674,126],{"class":63},[49,44676,68],{"class":67},[49,44678,44679],{"class":71},"Enter your age: ",[49,44681,68],{"class":67},[49,44683,335],{"class":63},[49,44685,44686,44688,44690,44692],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44687,123],{"class":122},[49,44689,126],{"class":63},[49,44691,272],{"class":112},[49,44693,335],{"class":63},[49,44695,44696,44698,44700,44702,44704,44706],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,44697,123],{"class":122},[49,44699,126],{"class":63},[49,44701,1429],{"class":1428},[49,44703,126],{"class":63},[49,44705,272],{"class":112},[49,44707,1436],{"class":63},[20,44709,29517],{},[40,44711,44713],{"className":42,"code":44712,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44714,44715,44725,44729],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44716,44717,44720,44722],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44718,44719],{"class":55},"Enter your age",[49,44721,77],{"class":63},[49,44723,44724],{"class":80}," 25\n",[49,44726,44727],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44728,2379],{"class":80},[49,44730,44731,44733,44735,44737,44739,44741],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,44732,2962],{"class":59},[49,44734,2965],{"class":1734},[49,44736,406],{"class":67},[49,44738,3114],{"class":71},[49,44740,397],{"class":67},[49,44742,2974],{"class":59},[20,44744,44745,44746,44748],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44747,8865],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44750,44751,44752,2548,44756,109],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[72,44753,44754],{"href":2544},[15,44755,2547],{},[72,44757,44758],{"href":2551},[15,44759,2554],{},[20,44761,1244],{},[40,44763,44765],{"className":42,"code":44764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44766,44767,44790,44800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44768,44769,44771,44773,44776,44778,44780,44782,44784,44786,44788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44770,21112],{"class":55},[49,44772,60],{"class":59},[49,44774,44775],{"class":1428}," int",[49,44777,126],{"class":63},[49,44779,41960],{"class":122},[49,44781,126],{"class":63},[49,44783,68],{"class":67},[49,44785,44679],{"class":71},[49,44787,68],{"class":67},[49,44789,1436],{"class":63},[49,44791,44792,44794,44796,44798],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44793,123],{"class":122},[49,44795,126],{"class":63},[49,44797,272],{"class":112},[49,44799,335],{"class":63},[49,44801,44802,44804,44806,44808,44810,44812],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,44803,123],{"class":122},[49,44805,126],{"class":63},[49,44807,1429],{"class":1428},[49,44809,126],{"class":63},[49,44811,272],{"class":112},[49,44813,1436],{"class":63},[20,44815,29517],{},[40,44817,44819],{"className":42,"code":44818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44820,44821,44829,44833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44822,44823,44825,44827],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44824,44719],{"class":55},[49,44826,77],{"class":63},[49,44828,44724],{"class":80},[49,44830,44831],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44832,2379],{"class":80},[49,44834,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843,44845],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,44836,2962],{"class":59},[49,44838,2965],{"class":1734},[49,44840,406],{"class":67},[49,44842,1857],{"class":71},[49,44844,397],{"class":67},[49,44846,2974],{"class":59},[44415,44848],{},[35,44850,44852],{"id":44851},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[591,44854,44856],{"id":44855},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[40,44858,44860],{"className":42,"code":44859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44861,44862,44881],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44863,44864,44866,44868,44870,44872,44874,44877,44879],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44865,7549],{"class":55},[49,44867,60],{"class":59},[49,44869,7916],{"class":122},[49,44871,126],{"class":63},[49,44873,68],{"class":67},[49,44875,44876],{"class":71},"What is your name? ",[49,44878,68],{"class":67},[49,44880,335],{"class":63},[49,44882,44883,44885,44887,44889,44892,44894,44896,44898],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44884,123],{"class":122},[49,44886,126],{"class":63},[49,44888,68],{"class":67},[49,44890,44891],{"class":71},"Hello,",[49,44893,68],{"class":67},[49,44895,84],{"class":63},[49,44897,35484],{"class":112},[49,44899,335],{"class":63},[20,44901,44902,44903,44905],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44904,251],{}," and prints it.",[591,44907,44909,44910],{"id":44908},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44911,2547],{},[40,44913,44915],{"className":42,"code":44914,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44916,44917,44940],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44918,44919,44921,44923,44925,44927,44929,44931,44933,44936,44938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44920,21112],{"class":55},[49,44922,60],{"class":59},[49,44924,44775],{"class":1428},[49,44926,126],{"class":63},[49,44928,41960],{"class":122},[49,44930,126],{"class":63},[49,44932,68],{"class":67},[49,44934,44935],{"class":71},"How old are you? ",[49,44937,68],{"class":67},[49,44939,1436],{"class":63},[49,44941,44942,44944,44946,44948,44951,44953,44955,44958,44960,44962],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,44943,123],{"class":122},[49,44945,126],{"class":63},[49,44947,68],{"class":67},[49,44949,44950],{"class":71},"Next year you will be",[49,44952,68],{"class":67},[49,44954,84],{"class":63},[49,44956,44957],{"class":112}," age ",[49,44959,1728],{"class":59},[49,44961,81],{"class":80},[49,44963,335],{"class":63},[20,44965,5733,44966,44968,44969,44971],{},[15,44967,2547],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44970,2628],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44973,44974,44975,109],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[72,44976,8656],{"href":8655},[591,44978,44980],{"id":44979},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[40,44982,44984],{"className":42,"code":44983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44985,44986,45010,45034,45048,45052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44987,44988,44991,44993,44995,44997,44999,45001,45003,45006,45008],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44989,44990],{"class":55},"num1 ",[49,44992,60],{"class":59},[49,44994,44775],{"class":1428},[49,44996,126],{"class":63},[49,44998,41960],{"class":122},[49,45000,126],{"class":63},[49,45002,68],{"class":67},[49,45004,45005],{"class":71},"Enter the first number: ",[49,45007,68],{"class":67},[49,45009,1436],{"class":63},[49,45011,45012,45015,45017,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45030,45032],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45013,45014],{"class":55},"num2 ",[49,45016,60],{"class":59},[49,45018,44775],{"class":1428},[49,45020,126],{"class":63},[49,45022,41960],{"class":122},[49,45024,126],{"class":63},[49,45026,68],{"class":67},[49,45028,45029],{"class":71},"Enter the second number: ",[49,45031,68],{"class":67},[49,45033,1436],{"class":63},[49,45035,45036,45038,45040,45043,45045],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,45037,40679],{"class":55},[49,45039,60],{"class":59},[49,45041,45042],{"class":55}," num1 ",[49,45044,1728],{"class":59},[49,45046,45047],{"class":55}," num2\n",[49,45049,45050],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,45051,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,45053,45054,45056,45058,45060,45063,45065,45067,45070],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,45055,123],{"class":122},[49,45057,126],{"class":63},[49,45059,68],{"class":67},[49,45061,45062],{"class":71},"Total:",[49,45064,68],{"class":67},[49,45066,84],{"class":63},[49,45068,45069],{"class":112}," total",[49,45071,335],{"class":63},[20,45073,29517],{},[40,45075,45077],{"className":42,"code":45076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45078,45079,45089,45098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45080,45081,45084,45086],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45082,45083],{"class":55},"Enter the first number",[49,45085,77],{"class":63},[49,45087,45088],{"class":80}," 2\n",[49,45090,45091,45094,45096],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45092,45093],{"class":55},"Enter the second number",[49,45095,77],{"class":63},[49,45097,2247],{"class":80},[49,45099,45100,45103,45105],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,45101,45102],{"class":55},"Total",[49,45104,77],{"class":63},[49,45106,34333],{"class":80},[20,45108,45109],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45111,1244],{},[40,45113,45115],{"className":42,"code":45114,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45116,45117,45135,45153,45157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45118,45119,45121,45123,45125,45127,45129,45131,45133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45120,44990],{"class":55},[49,45122,60],{"class":59},[49,45124,7916],{"class":122},[49,45126,126],{"class":63},[49,45128,68],{"class":67},[49,45130,45005],{"class":71},[49,45132,68],{"class":67},[49,45134,335],{"class":63},[49,45136,45137,45139,45141,45143,45145,45147,45149,45151],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45138,45014],{"class":55},[49,45140,60],{"class":59},[49,45142,7916],{"class":122},[49,45144,126],{"class":63},[49,45146,68],{"class":67},[49,45148,45029],{"class":71},[49,45150,68],{"class":67},[49,45152,335],{"class":63},[49,45154,45155],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,45156,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,45158,45159,45161,45163,45165,45167,45170],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,45160,123],{"class":122},[49,45162,126],{"class":63},[49,45164,44990],{"class":112},[49,45166,1728],{"class":59},[49,45168,45169],{"class":112}," num2",[49,45171,335],{"class":63},[20,45173,29517],{},[40,45175,45177],{"className":42,"code":45176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45178,45179,45187,45195],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45180,45181,45183,45185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45182,45083],{"class":55},[49,45184,77],{"class":63},[49,45186,45088],{"class":80},[49,45188,45189,45191,45193],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45190,45093],{"class":55},[49,45192,77],{"class":63},[49,45194,2247],{"class":80},[49,45196,45197],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,45198,45199],{"class":80},"23\n",[20,45201,45202,45203,45206,45207,109],{},"That happens because ",[15,45204,45205],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45208,45209],{},"\"23\"",[44415,45211],{},[35,45213,45215],{"id":45214},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45217,45218,45219,109],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45220,2628],{},[591,45222,4378,45224,41039],{"id":45223},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45225,2628],{},[20,45227,38694],{},[40,45229,45231],{"className":42,"code":45230,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45232,45233,45251],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45234,45235,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247,45249],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45236,2115],{"class":55},[49,45238,60],{"class":59},[49,45240,7916],{"class":122},[49,45242,126],{"class":63},[49,45244,68],{"class":67},[49,45246,41368],{"class":71},[49,45248,68],{"class":67},[49,45250,335],{"class":63},[49,45252,45253,45255,45257,45259,45261,45263],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45254,123],{"class":122},[49,45256,126],{"class":63},[49,45258,1429],{"class":1428},[49,45260,126],{"class":63},[49,45262,2142],{"class":112},[49,45264,1436],{"class":63},[20,45266,573],{},[40,45268,45270],{"className":42,"code":45269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45271,45272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45273,45274,45276,45278,45280,45282,45284],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45275,2962],{"class":59},[49,45277,2965],{"class":1734},[49,45279,406],{"class":67},[49,45281,3114],{"class":71},[49,45283,397],{"class":67},[49,45285,2974],{"class":59},[20,45287,45288],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[591,45290,45292],{"id":45291},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45294,45295],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[40,45297,45299],{"className":42,"code":45298,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45300,45301,45319,45338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45302,45303,45305,45307,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45304,2224],{"class":55},[49,45306,60],{"class":59},[49,45308,7916],{"class":122},[49,45310,126],{"class":63},[49,45312,68],{"class":67},[49,45314,41368],{"class":71},[49,45316,68],{"class":67},[49,45318,335],{"class":63},[49,45320,45321,45323,45325,45327,45329,45331,45334,45336],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45322,2252],{"class":55},[49,45324,60],{"class":59},[49,45326,7916],{"class":122},[49,45328,126],{"class":63},[49,45330,68],{"class":67},[49,45332,45333],{"class":71},"Enter another number: ",[49,45335,68],{"class":67},[49,45337,335],{"class":63},[49,45339,45340,45342,45344,45346,45348,45350],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,45341,123],{"class":122},[49,45343,126],{"class":63},[49,45345,2224],{"class":112},[49,45347,1728],{"class":59},[49,45349,2229],{"class":112},[49,45351,335],{"class":63},[20,45353,40617,45354,1017,45356,45358,45359,18446,45362,109],{},[15,45355,2174],{},[15,45357,1807],{},", the result is ",[15,45360,45361],{},"45",[15,45363,1815],{},[591,45365,45367,45368,45370,45371],{"id":45366},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45369,40200],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45372,2547],{},[20,45374,1244],{},[40,45376,45378],{"className":42,"code":45377,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45379,45380],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45381,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45383,21112],{"class":55},[49,45385,60],{"class":59},[49,45387,44775],{"class":1428},[49,45389,126],{"class":63},[49,45391,41960],{"class":122},[49,45393,126],{"class":63},[49,45395,68],{"class":67},[49,45397,44679],{"class":71},[49,45399,68],{"class":67},[49,45401,1436],{"class":63},[20,45403,7945,45404,45407,45408,109],{},[15,45405,45406],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45409,40200],{},[20,45411,45412,45413,109],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[72,45414,45416],{"href":45415},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[591,45418,45420],{"id":45419},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45422,45423],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[40,45425,45427],{"className":42,"code":45426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45428,45429,45447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45430,45431,45433,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443,45445],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45432,7549],{"class":55},[49,45434,60],{"class":59},[49,45436,7916],{"class":122},[49,45438,126],{"class":63},[49,45440,68],{"class":67},[49,45442,44385],{"class":71},[49,45444,68],{"class":67},[49,45446,335],{"class":63},[49,45448,45449,45451,45453,45455,45457,45459],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45450,123],{"class":122},[49,45452,126],{"class":63},[49,45454,41276],{"class":122},[49,45456,126],{"class":63},[49,45458,251],{"class":112},[49,45460,1436],{"class":63},[20,45462,45463],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45465,45466,45467,77],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45468,45469],{},".strip()",[40,45471,45473],{"className":42,"code":45472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45474,45475,45497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45476,45477,45479,45481,45483,45485,45487,45489,45491,45493,45495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45478,7549],{"class":55},[49,45480,60],{"class":59},[49,45482,7916],{"class":122},[49,45484,126],{"class":63},[49,45486,68],{"class":67},[49,45488,44385],{"class":71},[49,45490,68],{"class":67},[49,45492,8306],{"class":63},[49,45494,8309],{"class":112},[49,45496,116],{"class":63},[49,45498,45499,45501,45503,45505],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45500,123],{"class":122},[49,45502,126],{"class":63},[49,45504,251],{"class":112},[49,45506,335],{"class":63},[44415,45508],{},[35,45510,45512],{"id":45511},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45514,45515,45516,45518],{},"These habits make ",[15,45517,2628],{}," easier and safer to use.",[155,45520,45521,45524,45529,45532],{},[158,45522,45523],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[158,45525,1762,45526,45528],{},[15,45527,45469],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[158,45530,45531],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[158,45533,1762,45534,45536],{},[15,45535,29269],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45538,45539,45540,77],{},"Example with ",[15,45541,45469],{},[40,45543,45545],{"className":42,"code":45544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45546,45547,45571],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45548,45549,45552,45554,45556,45558,45560,45563,45565,45567,45569],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45550,45551],{"class":55},"city ",[49,45553,60],{"class":59},[49,45555,7916],{"class":122},[49,45557,126],{"class":63},[49,45559,68],{"class":67},[49,45561,45562],{"class":71},"Enter your city: ",[49,45564,68],{"class":67},[49,45566,8306],{"class":63},[49,45568,8309],{"class":112},[49,45570,116],{"class":63},[49,45572,45573,45575,45577,45579,45582,45584,45586,45588],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45574,123],{"class":122},[49,45576,126],{"class":63},[49,45578,68],{"class":67},[49,45580,45581],{"class":71},"City:",[49,45583,68],{"class":67},[49,45585,84],{"class":63},[49,45587,30873],{"class":112},[49,45589,335],{"class":63},[20,45591,45539,45592,77],{},[15,45593,29269],{},[40,45595,45597],{"className":42,"code":45596,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45598,45599,45605,45628,45660,45668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45600,45601,45603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45602,29291],{"class":973},[49,45604,6067],{"class":63},[49,45606,45607,45610,45612,45614,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45608,45609],{"class":55},"    age ",[49,45611,60],{"class":59},[49,45613,44775],{"class":1428},[49,45615,126],{"class":63},[49,45617,41960],{"class":122},[49,45619,126],{"class":63},[49,45621,68],{"class":67},[49,45623,44679],{"class":71},[49,45625,68],{"class":67},[49,45627,1436],{"class":63},[49,45629,45630,45632,45634,45636,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653,45656,45658],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,45631,7742],{"class":122},[49,45633,126],{"class":63},[49,45635,68],{"class":67},[49,45637,45638],{"class":71},"You will be",[49,45640,68],{"class":67},[49,45642,84],{"class":63},[49,45644,44957],{"class":112},[49,45646,1728],{"class":59},[49,45648,81],{"class":80},[49,45650,84],{"class":63},[49,45652,87],{"class":67},[49,45654,45655],{"class":71},"next year",[49,45657,68],{"class":67},[49,45659,335],{"class":63},[49,45661,45662,45664,45666],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,45663,29322],{"class":973},[49,45665,41423],{"class":1428},[49,45667,6067],{"class":63},[49,45669,45670,45672,45674,45676,45679,45681],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,45671,7742],{"class":122},[49,45673,126],{"class":63},[49,45675,68],{"class":67},[49,45677,45678],{"class":71},"Please enter a whole number.",[49,45680,68],{"class":67},[49,45682,335],{"class":63},[20,45684,45685],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45687,45688,45689,109],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[72,45690,45692],{"href":45691},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44415,45694],{},[35,45696,1376],{"id":1375},[20,45698,45699,45700,77],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45701,2628],{},[155,45703,45704,45711,45714,45717],{},[158,45705,45706,45707,2548,45709],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45708,2547],{},[15,45710,2554],{},[158,45712,45713],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[158,45715,45716],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[158,45718,45719],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45721,31571],{},[40,45723,45725],{"className":42,"code":45724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45726,45727,45737,45751],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45728,45729,45731,45733,45735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45730,123],{"class":122},[49,45732,126],{"class":63},[49,45734,2142],{"class":112},[49,45736,335],{"class":63},[49,45738,45739,45741,45743,45745,45747,45749],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45740,123],{"class":122},[49,45742,126],{"class":63},[49,45744,1429],{"class":1428},[49,45746,126],{"class":63},[49,45748,2142],{"class":112},[49,45750,1436],{"class":63},[49,45752,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,45754,123],{"class":122},[49,45756,126],{"class":63},[49,45758,41276],{"class":122},[49,45760,126],{"class":63},[49,45762,2142],{"class":112},[49,45764,1436],{"class":63},[20,45766,45767,45768,45770],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45769,2628],{}," actually returned:",[155,45772,45773,45778,45783],{},[158,45774,45775,45777],{},[15,45776,41324],{}," shows the value",[158,45779,45780,45782],{},[15,45781,41330],{}," shows the data type",[158,45784,45785,45787],{},[15,45786,41335],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45789,1244],{},[40,45791,45793],{"className":42,"code":45792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45794,45795,45814,45824,45838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45796,45797,45799,45801,45803,45805,45807,45810,45812],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45798,2115],{"class":55},[49,45800,60],{"class":59},[49,45802,7916],{"class":122},[49,45804,126],{"class":63},[49,45806,68],{"class":67},[49,45808,45809],{"class":71},"Enter something: ",[49,45811,68],{"class":67},[49,45813,335],{"class":63},[49,45815,45816,45818,45820,45822],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,45817,123],{"class":122},[49,45819,126],{"class":63},[49,45821,2142],{"class":112},[49,45823,335],{"class":63},[49,45825,45826,45828,45830,45832,45834,45836],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,45827,123],{"class":122},[49,45829,126],{"class":63},[49,45831,1429],{"class":1428},[49,45833,126],{"class":63},[49,45835,2142],{"class":112},[49,45837,1436],{"class":63},[49,45839,45840,45842,45844,45846,45848,45850],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,45841,123],{"class":122},[49,45843,126],{"class":63},[49,45845,41276],{"class":122},[49,45847,126],{"class":63},[49,45849,2142],{"class":112},[49,45851,1436],{"class":63},[44415,45853],{},[35,45855,1498],{"id":1497},[591,45857,1502,45859,45861],{"id":45858},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45860,2628],{}," return an integer?",[20,45863,45864,45865,45867,45868,39425],{},"No. ",[15,45866,2628],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45869,2547],{},[591,45871,45873,45874,1529],{"id":45872},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45875,2628],{},[20,45877,45878,45879,45881],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45880,2628],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[591,45883,4830,45885,45888,45889,1529],{"id":45884},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45886,45887],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45890,2628],{},[20,45892,28548,45893,45895,45896,41652,45898,45900],{},[15,45894,2628],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45897,45205],{},[15,45899,45209],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[591,45902,45904],{"id":45903},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45906,1762,45907,45909,45910,109],{},[15,45908,45469],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45911,45912],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44415,45914],{},[35,45916,1550],{"id":1549},[155,45918,45919,45924,45928,45934,45940,45944],{},[158,45920,45921],{},[72,45922,45923],{"href":45691},"How to get user input in Python",[158,45925,45926],{},[72,45927,8733],{"href":8655},[158,45929,45930],{},[72,45931,3247,45932,3180],{"href":2544},[15,45933,2547],{},[158,45935,45936],{},[72,45937,3247,45938,3180],{"href":2551},[15,45939,2554],{},[158,45941,45942],{},[72,45943,45416],{"href":45415},[158,45945,45946],{},[72,45947,3247,45949,3180],{"href":45948},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45950,45951],{},"print()",[1597,45953,45954],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":45956},[45957,45958,45960,45961,45963,45969,45977,45978,45979,45988],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":44419,"depth":103,"text":45959},"What input() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":44648,"depth":103,"text":45962},"What input() returns",{"id":44851,"depth":103,"text":44852,"children":45964},[45965,45966,45968],{"id":44855,"depth":119,"text":44856},{"id":44908,"depth":119,"text":45967},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44979,"depth":119,"text":44980},{"id":45214,"depth":103,"text":45215,"children":45970},[45971,45973,45974,45976],{"id":45223,"depth":119,"text":45972},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45291,"depth":119,"text":45292},{"id":45366,"depth":119,"text":45975},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45419,"depth":119,"text":45420},{"id":45511,"depth":103,"text":45512},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":45980},[45981,45983,45985,45987],{"id":45858,"depth":119,"text":45982},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45872,"depth":119,"text":45984},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45884,"depth":119,"text":45986},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45903,"depth":119,"text":45904},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41691,"description":45989},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45996,"title":41593,"body":45997,"description":48310,"extension":1632,"meta":48311,"navigation":312,"path":48312,"seo":48313,"stem":48314,"__hash__":48315},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45998,"toc":48262},[45999,46004,46009,46014,46035,46038,46040,46100,46102,46121,46126,46131,46136,46138,46151,46153,46236,46238,46279,46285,46287,46317,46323,46326,46343,46345,46397,46399,46417,46423,46429,46432,46450,46452,46525,46527,46546,46553,46559,46564,46567,46627,46629,46648,46651,46654,46669,46675,46679,46740,46742,46763,46767,46896,46898,47028,47038,47044,47050,47058,47124,47126,47151,47154,47171,47184,47190,47193,47226,47228,47241,47244,47287,47289,47297,47304,47308,47315,47319,47346,47348,47356,47362,47379,47384,47388,47415,47417,47425,47429,47434,47437,47463,47466,47475,47483,47487,47497,47501,47504,47506,47557,47559,47589,47599,47626,47628,47636,47646,47650,47653,47655,47703,47705,47749,47755,47806,47808,47827,47832,47837,47840,47859,47862,47914,47916,47925,47927,47931,47935,47938,47947,47954,47956,47983,47987,47989,47998,48001,48008,48014,48074,48078,48080,48088,48091,48117,48123,48126,48146,48148,48157,48165,48167,48173,48178,48185,48195,48201,48209,48213,48216,48218,48259],[10,46000,3247,46002,3251],{"id":46001},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46003,2547],{},[20,46005,31806,46006,46008],{},[15,46007,2547],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46010,34897,46011,46013],{},[15,46012,2547],{}," when they want to:",[155,46015,46016,46026,46029,46032],{},[158,46017,46018,46019,46022,46023],{},"turn text like ",[15,46020,46021],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46024,46025],{},"42",[158,46027,46028],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[158,46030,46031],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[158,46033,46034],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46036,46037],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[35,46039,38],{"id":37},[40,46041,46043],{"className":42,"code":46042,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46044,46045,46063,46077],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46046,46047,46049,46051,46053,46055,46057,46059,46061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46048,123],{"class":122},[49,46050,126],{"class":63},[49,46052,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46054,126],{"class":63},[49,46056,68],{"class":67},[49,46058,46025],{"class":71},[49,46060,68],{"class":67},[49,46062,1436],{"class":63},[49,46064,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46066,123],{"class":122},[49,46068,126],{"class":63},[49,46070,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46072,126],{"class":63},[49,46074,41481],{"class":80},[49,46076,1436],{"class":63},[49,46078,46079,46081,46083,46085,46087,46089,46092,46094,46096,46098],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46080,123],{"class":122},[49,46082,126],{"class":63},[49,46084,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46086,126],{"class":63},[49,46088,68],{"class":67},[49,46090,46091],{"class":71},"101",[49,46093,68],{"class":67},[49,46095,84],{"class":63},[49,46097,97],{"class":80},[49,46099,1436],{"class":63},[20,46101,573],{},[40,46103,46105],{"className":42,"code":46104,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46106,46107,46112,46117],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46108,46109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46110,46111],{"class":80},"42\n",[49,46113,46114],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46115,46116],{"class":80},"3\n",[49,46118,46119],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46120,2617],{"class":80},[20,46122,1762,46123,46125],{},[15,46124,2547],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[35,46127,144,46129,147],{"id":46128},"what-int-does",[15,46130,2547],{},[20,46132,46133,46135],{},[15,46134,2547],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46137,12529],{},[155,46139,46140,46145,46148],{},[158,46141,46142,46143,7011],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46144,1857],{},[158,46146,46147],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[158,46149,46150],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46152,1244],{},[40,46154,46156],{"className":42,"code":46155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46157,46158,46170,46184,46188,46198,46208,46222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46159,46160,46162,46164,46166,46168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46161,34178],{"class":55},[49,46163,60],{"class":59},[49,46165,87],{"class":67},[49,46167,8865],{"class":71},[49,46169,301],{"class":67},[49,46171,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46173,1886],{"class":55},[49,46175,60],{"class":59},[49,46177,44775],{"class":1428},[49,46179,126],{"class":63},[49,46181,34199],{"class":112},[49,46183,335],{"class":63},[49,46185,46186],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46187,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,46189,46190,46192,46194,46196],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,46191,123],{"class":122},[49,46193,126],{"class":63},[49,46195,34199],{"class":112},[49,46197,335],{"class":63},[49,46199,46200,46202,46204,46206],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,46201,123],{"class":122},[49,46203,126],{"class":63},[49,46205,1908],{"class":112},[49,46207,335],{"class":63},[49,46209,46210,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,46211,123],{"class":122},[49,46213,126],{"class":63},[49,46215,1429],{"class":1428},[49,46217,126],{"class":63},[49,46219,34199],{"class":112},[49,46221,1436],{"class":63},[49,46223,46224,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,46225,123],{"class":122},[49,46227,126],{"class":63},[49,46229,1429],{"class":1428},[49,46231,126],{"class":63},[49,46233,1908],{"class":112},[49,46235,1436],{"class":63},[20,46237,573],{},[40,46239,46241],{"className":42,"code":46240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46242,46243,46247,46251,46265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46244,46245],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46246,2379],{"class":80},[49,46248,46249],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46250,2379],{"class":80},[49,46252,46253,46255,46257,46259,46261,46263],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46254,2962],{"class":59},[49,46256,2965],{"class":1734},[49,46258,406],{"class":67},[49,46260,3114],{"class":71},[49,46262,397],{"class":67},[49,46264,2974],{"class":59},[49,46266,46267,46269,46271,46273,46275,46277],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,46268,2962],{"class":59},[49,46270,2965],{"class":1734},[49,46272,406],{"class":67},[49,46274,1857],{"class":71},[49,46276,397],{"class":67},[49,46278,2974],{"class":59},[20,46280,46281,46282,46284],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46283,2547],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[35,46286,189],{"id":188},[40,46288,46290],{"className":42,"code":46289,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46291,46292,46302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46293,46294,46296,46298,46300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46295,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46297,126],{"class":63},[49,46299,504],{"class":112},[49,46301,335],{"class":63},[49,46303,46304,46306,46308,46310,46312,46315],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46305,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46307,126],{"class":63},[49,46309,504],{"class":112},[49,46311,84],{"class":63},[49,46313,46314],{"class":112}," base",[49,46316,335],{"class":63},[591,46318,46320],{"id":46319},"intx",[15,46321,46322],{},"int(x)",[20,46324,46325],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[155,46327,46328,46333,46338],{},[158,46329,46330,46331],{},"a string such as ",[15,46332,41623],{},[158,46334,46335,46336],{},"a float such as ",[15,46337,41481],{},[158,46339,46340,46341],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46342,3276],{},[20,46344,1244],{},[40,46346,46348],{"className":42,"code":46347,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46349,46350,46368,46383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46351,46352,46354,46356,46358,46360,46362,46364,46366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46353,123],{"class":122},[49,46355,126],{"class":63},[49,46357,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46359,126],{"class":63},[49,46361,68],{"class":67},[49,46363,1999],{"class":71},[49,46365,68],{"class":67},[49,46367,1436],{"class":63},[49,46369,46370,46372,46374,46376,46378,46381],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46371,123],{"class":122},[49,46373,126],{"class":63},[49,46375,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46377,126],{"class":63},[49,46379,46380],{"class":80},"8.7",[49,46382,1436],{"class":63},[49,46384,46385,46387,46389,46391,46393,46395],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46386,123],{"class":122},[49,46388,126],{"class":63},[49,46390,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46392,126],{"class":63},[49,46394,3276],{"class":583},[49,46396,1436],{"class":63},[20,46398,573],{},[40,46400,46402],{"className":42,"code":46401,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46403,46404,46408,46412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46405,46406],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46407,2045],{"class":80},[49,46409,46410],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46411,2050],{"class":80},[49,46413,46414],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46415,46416],{"class":80},"1\n",[591,46418,46420],{"id":46419},"intx-base",[15,46421,46422],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46424,46425,46426,46428],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46427,504],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46430,46431],{},"Common bases:",[155,46433,46434,46439,46444],{},[158,46435,46436,46438],{},[15,46437,1725],{}," for binary",[158,46440,46441,46443],{},[15,46442,2014],{}," for octal",[158,46445,46446,46449],{},[15,46447,46448],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46451,1244],{},[40,46453,46455],{"className":42,"code":46454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46456,46457,46479,46502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46458,46459,46461,46463,46465,46467,46469,46471,46473,46475,46477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46460,123],{"class":122},[49,46462,126],{"class":63},[49,46464,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46466,126],{"class":63},[49,46468,68],{"class":67},[49,46470,46091],{"class":71},[49,46472,68],{"class":67},[49,46474,84],{"class":63},[49,46476,97],{"class":80},[49,46478,1436],{"class":63},[49,46480,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491,46494,46496,46498,46500],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46482,123],{"class":122},[49,46484,126],{"class":63},[49,46486,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46488,126],{"class":63},[49,46490,68],{"class":67},[49,46492,46493],{"class":71},"17",[49,46495,68],{"class":67},[49,46497,84],{"class":63},[49,46499,6033],{"class":80},[49,46501,1436],{"class":63},[49,46503,46504,46506,46508,46510,46512,46514,46517,46519,46521,46523],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46505,123],{"class":122},[49,46507,126],{"class":63},[49,46509,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46511,126],{"class":63},[49,46513,68],{"class":67},[49,46515,46516],{"class":71},"1A",[49,46518,68],{"class":67},[49,46520,84],{"class":63},[49,46522,13466],{"class":80},[49,46524,1436],{"class":63},[20,46526,573],{},[40,46528,46530],{"className":42,"code":46529,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46531,46532,46536,46541],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46533,46534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46535,2617],{"class":80},[49,46537,46538],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46539,46540],{"class":80},"15\n",[49,46542,46543],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46544,46545],{"class":80},"26\n",[20,46547,46548,46549,109],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[72,46550,46551,1971],{"href":2551},[15,46552,2554],{},[35,46554,8092,46556,46558],{"id":46555},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46557,2547],{}," with strings",[20,46560,46561,46563],{},[15,46562,2547],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46565,46566],{},"Examples that work:",[40,46568,46570],{"className":42,"code":46569,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46571,46572,46590,46608],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46573,46574,46576,46578,46580,46582,46584,46586,46588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46575,123],{"class":122},[49,46577,126],{"class":63},[49,46579,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46581,126],{"class":63},[49,46583,68],{"class":67},[49,46585,1807],{"class":71},[49,46587,68],{"class":67},[49,46589,1436],{"class":63},[49,46591,46592,46594,46596,46598,46600,46602,46604,46606],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46593,123],{"class":122},[49,46595,126],{"class":63},[49,46597,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46599,126],{"class":63},[49,46601,68],{"class":67},[49,46603,1960],{"class":71},[49,46605,68],{"class":67},[49,46607,1436],{"class":63},[49,46609,46610,46612,46614,46616,46618,46620,46623,46625],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46611,123],{"class":122},[49,46613,126],{"class":63},[49,46615,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46617,126],{"class":63},[49,46619,68],{"class":67},[49,46621,46622],{"class":71},"  42  ",[49,46624,68],{"class":67},[49,46626,1436],{"class":63},[20,46628,573],{},[40,46630,46632],{"className":42,"code":46631,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46633,46634,46638,46644],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46635,46636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46637,2617],{"class":80},[49,46639,46640,46642],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46641,1690],{"class":59},[49,46643,1894],{"class":80},[49,46645,46646],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46647,46111],{"class":80},[20,46649,46650],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46652,46653],{},"Examples that fail:",[40,46655,46657],{"className":42,"code":46656,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46658,46659,46664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46660,46661],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46662,46663],{"class":134},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[49,46665,46666],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46667,46668],{"class":134},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46670,46671,46672,46674],{},"These raise ",[15,46673,40200],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[591,46676,46678],{"id":46677},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[40,46680,46682],{"className":42,"code":46681,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46683,46684,46702,46721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46685,46686,46688,46690,46692,46694,46696,46698,46700],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46687,123],{"class":122},[49,46689,126],{"class":63},[49,46691,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46693,126],{"class":63},[49,46695,68],{"class":67},[49,46697,1790],{"class":71},[49,46699,68],{"class":67},[49,46701,1436],{"class":63},[49,46703,46704,46706,46708,46710,46712,46714,46717,46719],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46705,123],{"class":122},[49,46707,126],{"class":63},[49,46709,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46711,126],{"class":63},[49,46713,68],{"class":67},[49,46715,46716],{"class":71},"+7",[49,46718,68],{"class":67},[49,46720,1436],{"class":63},[49,46722,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46736,46738],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46724,123],{"class":122},[49,46726,126],{"class":63},[49,46728,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46730,126],{"class":63},[49,46732,68],{"class":67},[49,46734,46735],{"class":71},"-100",[49,46737,68],{"class":67},[49,46739,1436],{"class":63},[20,46741,573],{},[40,46743,46745],{"className":42,"code":46744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46746,46747,46752,46756],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46748,46749],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46750,46751],{"class":80},"0\n",[49,46753,46754],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46755,1749],{"class":80},[49,46757,46758,46760],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46759,1690],{"class":59},[49,46761,46762],{"class":80},"100\n",[591,46764,46766],{"id":46765},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[40,46768,46770],{"className":42,"code":46769,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46771,46772,46810,46814,46826,46833,46848,46863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46773,46774,46776,46778,46780,46782,46784,46786,46788,46790,46793,46795,46797,46799,46801,46803,46806,46808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46775,3495],{"class":55},[49,46777,60],{"class":59},[49,46779,3296],{"class":63},[49,46781,68],{"class":67},[49,46783,39639],{"class":71},[49,46785,68],{"class":67},[49,46787,84],{"class":63},[49,46789,87],{"class":67},[49,46791,46792],{"class":71},"12abc",[49,46794,68],{"class":67},[49,46796,84],{"class":63},[49,46798,5799],{"class":67},[49,46800,84],{"class":63},[49,46802,87],{"class":67},[49,46804,46805],{"class":71},"seven",[49,46807,68],{"class":67},[49,46809,3309],{"class":63},[49,46811,46812],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46813,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,46815,46816,46818,46820,46822,46824],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46817,5630],{"class":973},[49,46819,21068],{"class":55},[49,46821,3555],{"class":973},[49,46823,3558],{"class":55},[49,46825,6067],{"class":63},[49,46827,46828,46831],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,46829,46830],{"class":973},"    try",[49,46832,6067],{"class":63},[49,46834,46835,46838,46840,46842,46844,46846],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,46836,46837],{"class":122},"        print",[49,46839,126],{"class":63},[49,46841,1857],{"class":1428},[49,46843,126],{"class":63},[49,46845,2142],{"class":112},[49,46847,1436],{"class":63},[49,46849,46850,46853,46855,46858,46861],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,46851,46852],{"class":973},"    except",[49,46854,41423],{"class":1428},[49,46856,46857],{"class":973}," as",[49,46859,46860],{"class":55}," error",[49,46862,6067],{"class":63},[49,46864,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877,46880,46882,46885,46887,46890,46892,46894],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,46866,46837],{"class":122},[49,46868,126],{"class":63},[49,46870,21778],{"class":1734},[49,46872,68],{"class":71},[49,46874,8949],{"class":80},[49,46876,2142],{"class":112},[49,46878,46879],{"class":1734},"!r",[49,46881,21787],{"class":80},[49,46883,46884],{"class":71}," -> ",[49,46886,8949],{"class":80},[49,46888,46889],{"class":112},"error",[49,46891,21787],{"class":80},[49,46893,68],{"class":71},[49,46895,335],{"class":63},[20,46897,573],{},[40,46899,46901],{"className":42,"code":46900,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46902,46903,46939,46971,46996],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46904,46905,46907,46909,46911,46914,46917,46919,46921,46923,46926,46929,46931,46933,46935,46937],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46906,397],{"class":42826},[49,46908,39639],{"class":42830},[49,46910,397],{"class":42826},[49,46912,46913],{"class":36861}," ->",[49,46915,46916],{"class":55}," invalid literal ",[49,46918,5630],{"class":973},[49,46920,44775],{"class":1428},[49,46922,7037],{"class":63},[49,46924,46925],{"class":973}," with",[49,46927,46928],{"class":55}," base ",[49,46930,1999],{"class":80},[49,46932,77],{"class":63},[49,46934,406],{"class":67},[49,46936,39639],{"class":71},[49,46938,29187],{"class":67},[49,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959,46961,46963,46965,46967,46969],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,46942,397],{"class":67},[49,46944,46792],{"class":71},[49,46946,397],{"class":67},[49,46948,46913],{"class":36861},[49,46950,46916],{"class":55},[49,46952,5630],{"class":973},[49,46954,44775],{"class":1428},[49,46956,7037],{"class":63},[49,46958,46925],{"class":973},[49,46960,46928],{"class":55},[49,46962,1999],{"class":80},[49,46964,77],{"class":63},[49,46966,406],{"class":67},[49,46968,46792],{"class":71},[49,46970,29187],{"class":67},[49,46972,46973,46975,46977,46979,46981,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991,46993],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,46974,3447],{"class":67},[49,46976,46913],{"class":36861},[49,46978,46916],{"class":55},[49,46980,5630],{"class":973},[49,46982,44775],{"class":1428},[49,46984,7037],{"class":63},[49,46986,46925],{"class":973},[49,46988,46928],{"class":55},[49,46990,1999],{"class":80},[49,46992,77],{"class":63},[49,46994,46995],{"class":67}," ''\n",[49,46997,46998,47000,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014,47016,47018,47020,47022,47024,47026],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,46999,397],{"class":67},[49,47001,46805],{"class":71},[49,47003,397],{"class":67},[49,47005,46913],{"class":36861},[49,47007,46916],{"class":55},[49,47009,5630],{"class":973},[49,47011,44775],{"class":1428},[49,47013,7037],{"class":63},[49,47015,46925],{"class":973},[49,47017,46928],{"class":55},[49,47019,1999],{"class":80},[49,47021,77],{"class":63},[49,47023,406],{"class":67},[49,47025,46805],{"class":71},[49,47027,29187],{"class":67},[20,47029,47030,47031,47033,47034,109],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[72,47032,8656],{"href":8655}," and the ",[72,47035,47036,1971],{"href":7893},[15,47037,2628],{},[35,47039,8092,47041,47043],{"id":47040},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47042,2547],{}," with floats",[20,47045,47046,47047,47049],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47048,2547],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47051,47052,47053,13532,47055,47057],{},"Important: ",[15,47054,2547],{},[30,47056,600],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[40,47059,47061],{"className":42,"code":47060,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47062,47063,47077,47092,47108],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47064,47065,47067,47069,47071,47073,47075],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47066,123],{"class":122},[49,47068,126],{"class":63},[49,47070,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47072,126],{"class":63},[49,47074,41481],{"class":80},[49,47076,1436],{"class":63},[49,47078,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087,47090],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47080,123],{"class":122},[49,47082,126],{"class":63},[49,47084,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47086,126],{"class":63},[49,47088,47089],{"class":80},"3.1",[49,47091,1436],{"class":63},[49,47093,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,47095,123],{"class":122},[49,47097,126],{"class":63},[49,47099,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47101,126],{"class":63},[49,47103,1690],{"class":59},[49,47105,41481],{"class":80},[49,47107,1436],{"class":63},[49,47109,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,47111,123],{"class":122},[49,47113,126],{"class":63},[49,47115,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47117,126],{"class":63},[49,47119,1690],{"class":59},[49,47121,47089],{"class":80},[49,47123,1436],{"class":63},[20,47125,573],{},[40,47127,47129],{"className":42,"code":47128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47130,47131,47135,47139,47145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47132,47133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47134,46116],{"class":80},[49,47136,47137],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47138,46116],{"class":80},[49,47140,47141,47143],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,47142,1690],{"class":59},[49,47144,46116],{"class":80},[49,47146,47147,47149],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,47148,1690],{"class":59},[49,47150,46116],{"class":80},[20,47152,47153],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[155,47155,47156,47163],{},[158,47157,47158,41652,47161],{},[15,47159,47160],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47162,1731],{},[158,47164,47165,41652,47168],{},[15,47166,47167],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47169,47170],{},"-3",[20,47172,47173,47174,47178,47179,109],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[72,47175,47176],{"href":2551},[15,47177,2554],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[72,47180,47181],{"href":41672},[15,47182,47183],{},"str()",[35,47185,8092,47187,47189],{"id":47186},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47188,2547],{}," with booleans",[20,47191,47192],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[40,47194,47196],{"className":42,"code":47195,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47197,47198,47212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47199,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47201,123],{"class":122},[49,47203,126],{"class":63},[49,47205,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47207,126],{"class":63},[49,47209,3276],{"class":583},[49,47211,1436],{"class":63},[49,47213,47214,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47215,123],{"class":122},[49,47217,126],{"class":63},[49,47219,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47221,126],{"class":63},[49,47223,3348],{"class":583},[49,47225,1436],{"class":63},[20,47227,573],{},[40,47229,47231],{"className":42,"code":47230,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n0\n",[15,47232,47233,47237],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47234,47235],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47236,46416],{"class":80},[49,47238,47239],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47240,46751],{"class":80},[20,47242,47243],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[40,47245,47247],{"className":42,"code":47246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47248,47249,47258,47273,47277],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47250,47251,47254,47256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47252,47253],{"class":55},"passed ",[49,47255,60],{"class":59},[49,47257,1308],{"class":583},[49,47259,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268,47271],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47261,40679],{"class":55},[49,47263,60],{"class":59},[49,47265,44775],{"class":1428},[49,47267,126],{"class":63},[49,47269,47270],{"class":112},"passed",[49,47272,335],{"class":63},[49,47274,47275],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,47276,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,47278,47279,47281,47283,47285],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,47280,123],{"class":122},[49,47282,126],{"class":63},[49,47284,40708],{"class":112},[49,47286,335],{"class":63},[20,47288,573],{},[40,47290,47291],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47292,47293],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47294,47295],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47296,46416],{"class":80},[20,47298,47299,47300,109],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[72,47301,47302,1971],{"href":5452},[15,47303,3485],{},[35,47305,47307],{"id":47306},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47309,47310,47311,47314],{},"Use the ",[15,47312,47313],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[591,47316,47318],{"id":47317},"binary-example","Binary example",[40,47320,47322],{"className":42,"code":47321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47323,47324],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47325,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47327,123],{"class":122},[49,47329,126],{"class":63},[49,47331,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47333,126],{"class":63},[49,47335,68],{"class":67},[49,47337,46091],{"class":71},[49,47339,68],{"class":67},[49,47341,84],{"class":63},[49,47343,97],{"class":80},[49,47345,1436],{"class":63},[20,47347,573],{},[40,47349,47350],{"className":42,"code":2617,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47351,47352],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47353,47354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47355,2617],{"class":80},[20,47357,47358,47361],{},[15,47359,47360],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[155,47363,47364,47369,47374],{},[158,47365,47366],{},[15,47367,47368],{},"1 × 4",[158,47370,47371],{},[15,47372,47373],{},"0 × 2",[158,47375,47376],{},[15,47377,47378],{},"1 × 1",[20,47380,47381,47382,109],{},"So the result is ",[15,47383,1807],{},[591,47385,47387],{"id":47386},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[40,47389,47391],{"className":42,"code":47390,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47392,47393],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47394,47395,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405,47407,47409,47411,47413],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47396,123],{"class":122},[49,47398,126],{"class":63},[49,47400,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47402,126],{"class":63},[49,47404,68],{"class":67},[49,47406,46516],{"class":71},[49,47408,68],{"class":67},[49,47410,84],{"class":63},[49,47412,13466],{"class":80},[49,47414,1436],{"class":63},[20,47416,573],{},[40,47418,47419],{"className":42,"code":46545,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47420,47421],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47422,47423],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47424,46545],{"class":80},[591,47426,47428],{"id":47427},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47430,150,47431,47433],{},[15,47432,47313],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47435,47436],{},"Good:",[40,47438,47439],{"className":42,"code":47321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47440,47441],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47442,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47459,47461],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47444,123],{"class":122},[49,47446,126],{"class":63},[49,47448,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47450,126],{"class":63},[49,47452,68],{"class":67},[49,47454,46091],{"class":71},[49,47456,68],{"class":67},[49,47458,84],{"class":63},[49,47460,97],{"class":80},[49,47462,1436],{"class":63},[20,47464,47465],{},"Not correct:",[40,47467,47469],{"className":42,"code":47468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47470,47471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47472,47473],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47474,47468],{"class":134},[20,47476,47477,47478,8276,47480,47482],{},"That causes a ",[15,47479,2676],{},[15,47481,47313],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[35,47484,47486],{"id":47485},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47488,47489,47490,47492,47493,1017,47495,109],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47491,2547],{}," are ",[15,47494,40200],{},[15,47496,2676],{},[591,47498,47499],{"id":41010},[15,47500,40200],{},[20,47502,47503],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47505,1244],{},[40,47507,47509],{"className":42,"code":47508,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47510,47511,47517,47535,47547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47512,47513,47515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47514,29291],{"class":973},[49,47516,6067],{"class":63},[49,47518,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531,47533],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47520,7742],{"class":122},[49,47522,126],{"class":63},[49,47524,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47526,126],{"class":63},[49,47528,68],{"class":67},[49,47530,39639],{"class":71},[49,47532,68],{"class":67},[49,47534,1436],{"class":63},[49,47536,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,47538,29322],{"class":973},[49,47540,41423],{"class":1428},[49,47542,46857],{"class":973},[49,47544,46860],{"class":55},[49,47546,6067],{"class":63},[49,47548,47549,47551,47553,47555],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,47550,7742],{"class":122},[49,47552,126],{"class":63},[49,47554,46889],{"class":112},[49,47556,335],{"class":63},[20,47558,573],{},[40,47560,47562],{"className":42,"code":47561,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47563,47564],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47565,47566,47569,47571,47573,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583,47585,47587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47567,47568],{"class":55},"invalid literal ",[49,47570,5630],{"class":973},[49,47572,44775],{"class":1428},[49,47574,7037],{"class":63},[49,47576,46925],{"class":973},[49,47578,46928],{"class":55},[49,47580,1999],{"class":80},[49,47582,77],{"class":63},[49,47584,406],{"class":67},[49,47586,39639],{"class":71},[49,47588,29187],{"class":67},[20,47590,47591,47592,47595,47596,47598],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47593,47594],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47597,2547],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[40,47600,47602],{"className":42,"code":47601,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47603,47604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47605,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47607,123],{"class":122},[49,47609,126],{"class":63},[49,47611,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47613,126],{"class":63},[49,47615,1861],{"class":1428},[49,47617,126],{"class":63},[49,47619,68],{"class":67},[49,47621,39639],{"class":71},[49,47623,68],{"class":67},[49,47625,2582],{"class":63},[20,47627,573],{},[40,47629,47630],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47631,47632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47633,47634],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47635,46116],{"class":80},[20,47637,47638,47639,1017,47642,109],{},"If you see this often, read ",[72,47640,47641],{"href":2632},"how to convert string to int in Python",[72,47643,25165,47644],{"href":45415},[15,47645,45416],{},[591,47647,47648],{"id":41076},[15,47649,2676],{},[20,47651,47652],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47654,1244],{},[40,47656,47658],{"className":42,"code":47657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47659,47660,47666,47680,47693],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47661,47662,47664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47663,29291],{"class":973},[49,47665,6067],{"class":63},[49,47667,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676,47678],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47669,7742],{"class":122},[49,47671,126],{"class":63},[49,47673,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47675,126],{"class":63},[49,47677,169],{"class":583},[49,47679,1436],{"class":63},[49,47681,47682,47684,47687,47689,47691],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,47683,29322],{"class":973},[49,47685,47686],{"class":1428}," TypeError",[49,47688,46857],{"class":973},[49,47690,46860],{"class":55},[49,47692,6067],{"class":63},[49,47694,47695,47697,47699,47701],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,47696,7742],{"class":122},[49,47698,126],{"class":63},[49,47700,46889],{"class":112},[49,47702,335],{"class":63},[20,47704,573],{},[40,47706,47708],{"className":42,"code":47707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47709,47710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47711,47712,47714,47716,47719,47721,47723,47726,47728,47731,47733,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47713,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47715,7037],{"class":63},[49,47717,47718],{"class":55}," argument must be a string",[49,47720,84],{"class":63},[49,47722,44043],{"class":55},[49,47724,47725],{"class":1428},"bytes",[49,47727,1690],{"class":59},[49,47729,47730],{"class":55},"like ",[49,47732,41896],{"class":1428},[49,47734,47735],{"class":59}," or",[49,47737,40336],{"class":55},[49,47739,84],{"class":63},[49,47741,7773],{"class":59},[49,47743,406],{"class":67},[49,47745,47746],{"class":71},"NoneType",[49,47748,29187],{"class":67},[20,47750,47751,47752,47754],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47753,47313],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[40,47756,47758],{"className":42,"code":47757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47759,47760,47766,47784,47796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47761,47762,47764],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47763,29291],{"class":973},[49,47765,6067],{"class":63},[49,47767,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776,47778,47780,47782],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47769,7742],{"class":122},[49,47771,126],{"class":63},[49,47773,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47775,126],{"class":63},[49,47777,46091],{"class":80},[49,47779,84],{"class":63},[49,47781,97],{"class":80},[49,47783,1436],{"class":63},[49,47785,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,47787,29322],{"class":973},[49,47789,47686],{"class":1428},[49,47791,46857],{"class":973},[49,47793,46860],{"class":55},[49,47795,6067],{"class":63},[49,47797,47798,47800,47802,47804],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,47799,7742],{"class":122},[49,47801,126],{"class":63},[49,47803,46889],{"class":112},[49,47805,335],{"class":63},[20,47807,573],{},[40,47809,47811],{"className":42,"code":47810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47812,47813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47814,47815,47817,47819,47822,47824],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47816,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47818,7037],{"class":63},[49,47820,47821],{"class":55}," can",[49,47823,397],{"class":67},[49,47825,47826],{"class":71},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[35,47828,1223,47830],{"id":47829},"when-to-use-int",[15,47831,2547],{},[20,47833,1762,47834,47836],{},[15,47835,2547],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47838,47839],{},"Common uses:",[155,47841,47842,47848,47851,47854],{},[158,47843,47844,47845,47847],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47846,2628],{}," into integers",[158,47849,47850],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[158,47852,47853],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[158,47855,47856,47857,36109],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47858,47313],{},[20,47860,47861],{},"Example with user input:",[40,47863,47865],{"className":42,"code":47864,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47866,47867,47881,47896,47900],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47868,47869,47872,47874,47876,47879],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47870,47871],{"class":55},"age_text ",[49,47873,60],{"class":59},[49,47875,87],{"class":67},[49,47877,47878],{"class":71},"18",[49,47880,301],{"class":67},[49,47882,47883,47885,47887,47889,47891,47894],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,47884,21112],{"class":55},[49,47886,60],{"class":59},[49,47888,44775],{"class":1428},[49,47890,126],{"class":63},[49,47892,47893],{"class":112},"age_text",[49,47895,335],{"class":63},[49,47897,47898],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,47899,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,47901,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,47903,123],{"class":122},[49,47905,126],{"class":63},[49,47907,21112],{"class":112},[49,47909,1728],{"class":59},[49,47911,81],{"class":80},[49,47913,335],{"class":63},[20,47915,573],{},[40,47917,47919],{"className":42,"code":47918,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"19\n",[15,47920,47921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47922,47923],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47924,47918],{"class":80},[35,47926,1376],{"id":1375},[20,47928,14212,47929,109],{},[15,47930,2547],{},[591,47932,47934],{"id":47933},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47936,47937],{},"This fails:",[40,47939,47941],{"className":42,"code":47940,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47942,47943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47944,47945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47946,47940],{"class":134},[20,47948,47949,47950,47953],{},"Why: ",[15,47951,47952],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47955,18323],{},[40,47957,47959],{"className":42,"code":47958,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47960,47961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47962,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47964,123],{"class":122},[49,47966,126],{"class":63},[49,47968,1857],{"class":1428},[49,47970,126],{"class":63},[49,47972,1861],{"class":1428},[49,47974,126],{"class":63},[49,47976,68],{"class":67},[49,47978,40620],{"class":71},[49,47980,68],{"class":67},[49,47982,2582],{"class":63},[591,47984,47986],{"id":47985},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47988,47937],{},[40,47990,47992],{"className":42,"code":47991,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47993,47994],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47995,47996],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47997,47991],{"class":134},[20,47999,48000],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[591,48002,48004,48005],{"id":48003},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48006,48007],{},"int(None)",[20,48009,48010,48011,48013],{},"This fails because ",[15,48012,169],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[40,48015,48017],{"className":42,"code":48016,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48018,48019,48028,48032,48038,48052,48064],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48020,48021,48023,48025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48022,2115],{"class":55},[49,48024,60],{"class":59},[49,48026,48027],{"class":583}," None\n",[49,48029,48030],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48031,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,48033,48034,48036],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,48035,29291],{"class":973},[49,48037,6067],{"class":63},[49,48039,48040,48042,48044,48046,48048,48050],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,48041,7742],{"class":122},[49,48043,126],{"class":63},[49,48045,1857],{"class":1428},[49,48047,126],{"class":63},[49,48049,2142],{"class":112},[49,48051,1436],{"class":63},[49,48053,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,48055,29322],{"class":973},[49,48057,47686],{"class":1428},[49,48059,46857],{"class":973},[49,48061,46860],{"class":55},[49,48063,6067],{"class":63},[49,48065,48066,48068,48070,48072],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,48067,7742],{"class":122},[49,48069,126],{"class":63},[49,48071,46889],{"class":112},[49,48073,335],{"class":63},[591,48075,48077],{"id":48076},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48079,47937],{},[40,48081,48082],{"className":42,"code":47468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48083,48084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48085,48086],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48087,47468],{"class":134},[20,48089,48090],{},"Use a string instead:",[40,48092,48093],{"className":42,"code":47321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48094,48095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48096,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48098,123],{"class":122},[49,48100,126],{"class":63},[49,48102,1857],{"class":1428},[49,48104,126],{"class":63},[49,48106,68],{"class":67},[49,48108,46091],{"class":71},[49,48110,68],{"class":67},[49,48112,84],{"class":63},[49,48114,97],{"class":80},[49,48116,1436],{"class":63},[591,48118,1392,48120,48122],{"id":48119},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48121,2547],{}," to round",[20,48124,48125],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[40,48127,48129],{"className":42,"code":48128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48130,48131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48132,48133,48135,48137,48139,48141,48144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48134,123],{"class":122},[49,48136,126],{"class":63},[49,48138,1857],{"class":1428},[49,48140,126],{"class":63},[49,48142,48143],{"class":80},"4.9",[49,48145,1436],{"class":63},[20,48147,573],{},[40,48149,48151],{"className":42,"code":48150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4\n",[15,48152,48153],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48154,48155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48156,48150],{"class":80},[20,48158,2841,48159,48161,48162,48164],{},[15,48160,1807],{},", remember that ",[15,48163,2547],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[35,48166,1498],{"id":1497},[591,48168,1502,48170,48172],{"id":48169},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48171,2547],{}," round numbers?",[20,48174,45864,48175,48177],{},[15,48176,2547],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[591,48179,4830,48181,48184],{"id":48180},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48182,48183],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48186,28548,48187,48189,48190,48192,48193,39425],{},[15,48188,47594],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48191,2554],{}," first, then use ",[15,48194,2547],{},[591,48196,1512,48198,1515],{"id":48197},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48199,48200],{},"int(True)",[20,48202,1518,48203,27800,48205,41652,48207,109],{},[15,48204,2659],{},[15,48206,3348],{},[15,48208,1790],{},[591,48210,48212],{"id":48211},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48214,48215],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[35,48217,1550],{"id":1549},[155,48219,48220,48226,48232,48238,48243,48247,48253],{},[158,48221,48222],{},[72,48223,48224,3180],{"href":2551},[15,48225,2554],{},[158,48227,48228],{},[72,48229,48230,3180],{"href":41672},[15,48231,47183],{},[158,48233,48234],{},[72,48235,48236,3180],{"href":5452},[15,48237,3485],{},[158,48239,48240],{},[72,48241,48242],{"href":2632},"How to convert string to int in Python",[158,48244,48245],{},[72,48246,8733],{"href":8655},[158,48248,48249],{},[72,48250,48251,3180],{"href":7893},[15,48252,2628],{},[158,48254,48255],{},[72,48256,29835,48257],{"href":45415},[15,48258,45416],{},[1597,48260,48261],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":48263},[48264,48265,48267,48271,48276,48278,48280,48285,48289,48291,48300,48309],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":46128,"depth":103,"text":48266},"What int() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":48268},[48269,48270],{"id":46319,"depth":119,"text":46322},{"id":46419,"depth":119,"text":46422},{"id":46555,"depth":103,"text":48272,"children":48273},"Using int() with strings",[48274,48275],{"id":46677,"depth":119,"text":46678},{"id":46765,"depth":119,"text":46766},{"id":47040,"depth":103,"text":48277},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47186,"depth":103,"text":48279},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47306,"depth":103,"text":47307,"children":48281},[48282,48283,48284],{"id":47317,"depth":119,"text":47318},{"id":47386,"depth":119,"text":47387},{"id":47427,"depth":119,"text":47428},{"id":47485,"depth":103,"text":47486,"children":48286},[48287,48288],{"id":41010,"depth":119,"text":40200},{"id":41076,"depth":119,"text":2676},{"id":47829,"depth":103,"text":48290},"When to use int()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":48292},[48293,48294,48295,48297,48298],{"id":47933,"depth":119,"text":47934},{"id":47985,"depth":119,"text":47986},{"id":48003,"depth":119,"text":48296},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48076,"depth":119,"text":48077},{"id":48119,"depth":119,"text":48299},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":48301},[48302,48304,48306,48308],{"id":48169,"depth":119,"text":48303},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48180,"depth":119,"text":48305},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48197,"depth":119,"text":48307},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48211,"depth":119,"text":48212},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41593,"description":48310},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48317,"title":48318,"body":48319,"description":50155,"extension":1632,"meta":50156,"navigation":312,"path":44301,"seo":50157,"stem":50158,"__hash__":50159},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48320,"toc":50111},[48321,48326,48331,48339,48348,48350,48409,48415,48420,48425,48428,48456,48459,48462,48473,48483,48485,48487,48507,48511,48539,48541,48580,48582,48590,48592,48595,48599,48652,48654,48666,48670,48727,48729,48741,48747,48753,48757,48760,48763,48829,48831,48843,48849,48851,48903,48906,48947,48950,48957,48966,48972,48975,49008,49014,49017,49048,49054,49057,49069,49073,49078,49082,49240,49242,49257,49260,49264,49368,49370,49387,49391,49452,49454,49462,49465,49469,49536,49538,49547,49553,49555,49564,49566,49601,49606,49608,49638,49642,49644,49681,49684,49686,49723,49729,49731,49781,49783,49791,49801,49807,49811,49816,49865,49867,49880,49883,49885,49888,49963,49966,49985,49988,50018,50028,50030,50035,50042,50048,50054,50061,50069,50075,50078,50080,50108],[10,48322,3247,48324,3251],{"id":48323},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48325,44304],{},[20,48327,48328,48330],{},[15,48329,44304],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48332,48333,48334,2548,48336,48338],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48335,3276],{},[15,48337,3348],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48340,48341,48342,48344,48345,48347],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48343,44304],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48346,1970],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[35,48349,3281],{"id":3280},[40,48351,48353],{"className":42,"code":48352,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48354,48355,48363,48367,48388],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48356,48357,48359,48361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48358,2115],{"class":55},[49,48360,60],{"class":59},[49,48362,2257],{"class":80},[49,48364,48365],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48366,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,48368,48369,48371,48373,48376,48378,48380,48382,48384,48386],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,48370,123],{"class":122},[49,48372,126],{"class":63},[49,48374,48375],{"class":122},"isinstance",[49,48377,126],{"class":63},[49,48379,2142],{"class":112},[49,48381,84],{"class":63},[49,48383,44775],{"class":1428},[49,48385,5034],{"class":63},[49,48387,43353],{"class":134},[49,48389,48390,48392,48394,48396,48398,48400,48402,48405,48407],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,48391,123],{"class":122},[49,48393,126],{"class":63},[49,48395,48375],{"class":122},[49,48397,126],{"class":63},[49,48399,2142],{"class":112},[49,48401,84],{"class":63},[49,48403,48404],{"class":1428}," str",[49,48406,5034],{"class":63},[49,48408,43370],{"class":134},[20,48410,1762,48411,48414],{},[15,48412,48413],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[35,48416,144,48418,147],{"id":48417},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48419,44304],{},[20,48421,48422,48424],{},[15,48423,44304],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48426,48427],{},"It:",[155,48429,48430,48433,48439,48442],{},[158,48431,48432],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[158,48434,166,48435,2548,48437],{},[15,48436,3276],{},[15,48438,3348],{},[158,48440,48441],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[158,48443,48444,48445,1858,48447,1858,48449,1858,48451,16553,48454],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48446,3114],{},[15,48448,1857],{},[15,48450,7767],{},[15,48452,48453],{},"tuple",[15,48455,8496],{},[20,48457,48458],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48460,48461],{},"For example, you might want to:",[155,48463,48464,48467,48470],{},[158,48465,48466],{},"loop through a list",[158,48468,48469],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[158,48471,48472],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48474,48475,48476,2548,48479,109],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[72,48477,44296],{"href":48478},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[72,48480,48482],{"href":48481},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[35,48484,189],{"id":188},[20,48486,1830],{},[40,48488,48490],{"className":42,"code":48489,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48491,48492],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48493,48494,48496,48498,48500,48502,48505],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48495,48375],{"class":122},[49,48497,126],{"class":63},[49,48499,41896],{"class":1428},[49,48501,84],{"class":63},[49,48503,48504],{"class":112}," classinfo",[49,48506,335],{"class":63},[591,48508,48510],{"id":48509},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[155,48512,48513,48518,48532],{},[158,48514,48515,48517],{},[15,48516,41896],{}," is the value you want to test",[158,48519,48520,48523,48524,1858,48526,1858,48528,1862,48530],{},[15,48521,48522],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48525,1857],{},[15,48527,3114],{},[15,48529,7767],{},[15,48531,8496],{},[158,48533,48534,48535,2548,48537],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48536,3276],{},[15,48538,3348],{},[20,48540,1244],{},[40,48542,48544],{"className":42,"code":48543,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48545,48546,48558,48562],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48547,48548,48550,48552,48554,48556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48549,7549],{"class":55},[49,48551,60],{"class":59},[49,48553,87],{"class":67},[49,48555,260],{"class":71},[49,48557,301],{"class":67},[49,48559,48560],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48561,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,48563,48564,48566,48568,48570,48572,48574,48576,48578],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,48565,123],{"class":122},[49,48567,126],{"class":63},[49,48569,48375],{"class":122},[49,48571,126],{"class":63},[49,48573,251],{"class":112},[49,48575,84],{"class":63},[49,48577,48404],{"class":1428},[49,48579,1436],{"class":63},[20,48581,573],{},[40,48583,48584],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48585,48586],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48587,48588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48589,1007],{"class":583},[35,48591,225],{"id":224},[20,48593,48594],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[591,48596,48598],{"id":48597},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[40,48600,48602],{"className":42,"code":48601,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48603,48604,48612,48616,48634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48605,48606,48608,48610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48607,2115],{"class":55},[49,48609,60],{"class":59},[49,48611,44724],{"class":80},[49,48613,48614],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48615,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,48617,48618,48620,48622,48624,48626,48628,48630,48632],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,48619,123],{"class":122},[49,48621,126],{"class":63},[49,48623,48375],{"class":122},[49,48625,126],{"class":63},[49,48627,2142],{"class":112},[49,48629,84],{"class":63},[49,48631,44775],{"class":1428},[49,48633,1436],{"class":63},[49,48635,48636,48638,48640,48642,48644,48646,48648,48650],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,48637,123],{"class":122},[49,48639,126],{"class":63},[49,48641,48375],{"class":122},[49,48643,126],{"class":63},[49,48645,2142],{"class":112},[49,48647,84],{"class":63},[49,48649,48404],{"class":1428},[49,48651,1436],{"class":63},[20,48653,573],{},[40,48655,48656],{"className":42,"code":43672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48657,48658,48662],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48659,48660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48661,1007],{"class":583},[49,48663,48664],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48665,1194],{"class":583},[591,48667,48669],{"id":48668},"check-text","Check text",[40,48671,48673],{"className":42,"code":48672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48674,48675,48687,48691,48709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48676,48677,48679,48681,48683,48685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48678,34178],{"class":55},[49,48680,60],{"class":59},[49,48682,87],{"class":67},[49,48684,3518],{"class":71},[49,48686,301],{"class":67},[49,48688,48689],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48690,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,48692,48693,48695,48697,48699,48701,48703,48705,48707],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,48694,123],{"class":122},[49,48696,126],{"class":63},[49,48698,48375],{"class":122},[49,48700,126],{"class":63},[49,48702,34199],{"class":112},[49,48704,84],{"class":63},[49,48706,48404],{"class":1428},[49,48708,1436],{"class":63},[49,48710,48711,48713,48715,48717,48719,48721,48723,48725],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,48712,123],{"class":122},[49,48714,126],{"class":63},[49,48716,48375],{"class":122},[49,48718,126],{"class":63},[49,48720,34199],{"class":112},[49,48722,84],{"class":63},[49,48724,44775],{"class":1428},[49,48726,1436],{"class":63},[20,48728,573],{},[40,48730,48731],{"className":42,"code":43672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48732,48733,48737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48734,48735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48736,1007],{"class":583},[49,48738,48739],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48740,1194],{"class":583},[20,48742,48743,48744,48746],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48745,44304],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48748,48749,48750,109],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[72,48751,48752],{"href":2632},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[35,48754,48756],{"id":48755},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48758,48759],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48761,48762],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[40,48764,48766],{"className":42,"code":48765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48767,48768,48777,48781,48805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48769,48770,48772,48774],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48771,2115],{"class":55},[49,48773,60],{"class":59},[49,48775,48776],{"class":80}," 3.5\n",[49,48778,48779],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48780,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,48782,48783,48785,48787,48789,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799,48801,48803],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,48784,123],{"class":122},[49,48786,126],{"class":63},[49,48788,48375],{"class":122},[49,48790,126],{"class":63},[49,48792,2142],{"class":112},[49,48794,84],{"class":63},[49,48796,8907],{"class":63},[49,48798,1857],{"class":1428},[49,48800,84],{"class":63},[49,48802,39751],{"class":1428},[49,48804,2582],{"class":63},[49,48806,48807,48809,48811,48813,48815,48817,48819,48821,48823,48825,48827],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,48808,123],{"class":122},[49,48810,126],{"class":63},[49,48812,48375],{"class":122},[49,48814,126],{"class":63},[49,48816,2142],{"class":112},[49,48818,84],{"class":63},[49,48820,8907],{"class":63},[49,48822,3114],{"class":1428},[49,48824,84],{"class":63},[49,48826,22044],{"class":1428},[49,48828,2582],{"class":63},[20,48830,573],{},[40,48832,48833],{"className":42,"code":43672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48834,48835,48839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48836,48837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48838,1007],{"class":583},[49,48840,48841],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48842,1194],{"class":583},[20,48844,48845,48846,48848],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48847,40333],{}," conditions.",[20,48850,7972],{},[40,48852,48854],{"className":42,"code":48853,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48855,48856,48864,48868],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48857,48858,48860,48862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48859,2115],{"class":55},[49,48861,60],{"class":59},[49,48863,48776],{"class":80},[49,48865,48866],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48867,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,48869,48870,48872,48874,48876,48878,48880,48882,48884,48886,48888,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,48871,123],{"class":122},[49,48873,126],{"class":63},[49,48875,1429],{"class":1428},[49,48877,126],{"class":63},[49,48879,2142],{"class":112},[49,48881,131],{"class":63},[49,48883,6082],{"class":59},[49,48885,44775],{"class":1428},[49,48887,47735],{"class":973},[49,48889,48890],{"class":1428}," type",[49,48892,126],{"class":63},[49,48894,2142],{"class":112},[49,48896,131],{"class":63},[49,48898,6082],{"class":59},[49,48900,39751],{"class":1428},[49,48902,335],{"class":63},[20,48904,48905],{},"you can write this:",[40,48907,48909],{"className":42,"code":48908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48910,48911,48919,48923],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48912,48913,48915,48917],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48914,2115],{"class":55},[49,48916,60],{"class":59},[49,48918,48776],{"class":80},[49,48920,48921],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48922,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,48924,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937,48939,48941,48943,48945],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,48926,123],{"class":122},[49,48928,126],{"class":63},[49,48930,48375],{"class":122},[49,48932,126],{"class":63},[49,48934,2142],{"class":112},[49,48936,84],{"class":63},[49,48938,8907],{"class":63},[49,48940,1857],{"class":1428},[49,48942,84],{"class":63},[49,48944,39751],{"class":1428},[49,48946,2582],{"class":63},[20,48948,48949],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[35,48951,48953,10249,48955],{"id":48952},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48954,44304],{},[15,48956,1970],{},[20,48958,10254,48959,1017,48961,48965],{},[15,48960,44304],{},[72,48962,48963],{"href":1967},[15,48964,1970],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[591,48967,48969],{"id":48968},"typevalue-int",[15,48970,48971],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48973,48974],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[40,48976,48978],{"className":42,"code":48977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48979,48980,48988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48981,48982,48984,48986],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48983,2115],{"class":55},[49,48985,60],{"class":59},[49,48987,2257],{"class":80},[49,48989,48990,48992,48994,48996,48998,49000,49002,49004,49006],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,48991,123],{"class":122},[49,48993,126],{"class":63},[49,48995,1429],{"class":1428},[49,48997,126],{"class":63},[49,48999,2142],{"class":112},[49,49001,131],{"class":63},[49,49003,6082],{"class":59},[49,49005,44775],{"class":1428},[49,49007,335],{"class":63},[591,49009,49011],{"id":49010},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49012,49013],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49015,49016],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[40,49018,49020],{"className":42,"code":49019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49021,49022,49030],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49023,49024,49026,49028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49025,2115],{"class":55},[49,49027,60],{"class":59},[49,49029,2257],{"class":80},[49,49031,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040,49042,49044,49046],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49033,123],{"class":122},[49,49035,126],{"class":63},[49,49037,48375],{"class":122},[49,49039,126],{"class":63},[49,49041,2142],{"class":112},[49,49043,84],{"class":63},[49,49045,44775],{"class":1428},[49,49047,1436],{"class":63},[20,49049,49050,49051,49053],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49052,44304],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49055,49056],{},"In everyday code:",[155,49058,49059,49064],{},[158,49060,39486,49061,49063],{},[15,49062,1970],{}," when you need the exact type",[158,49065,39486,49066,49068],{},[15,49067,44304],{}," when you want a practical type check",[35,49070,49072],{"id":49071},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49074,49075,49076,109],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49077,44304],{},[591,49079,49081],{"id":49080},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[40,49083,49085],{"className":42,"code":49084,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49086,49087,49105,49124,49136,49141,49159,49170,49174,49186,49190,49214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49088,49089,49091,49094,49096,49098,49100,49103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49090,34342],{"class":1734},[49,49092,49093],{"class":34345}," repeat_text",[49,49095,126],{"class":63},[49,49097,34199],{"class":37157},[49,49099,84],{"class":63},[49,49101,49102],{"class":37157}," count",[49,49104,8016],{"class":63},[49,49106,49107,49109,49111,49114,49116,49118,49120,49122],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49108,6072],{"class":973},[49,49110,7773],{"class":59},[49,49112,49113],{"class":122}," isinstance",[49,49115,126],{"class":63},[49,49117,34199],{"class":112},[49,49119,84],{"class":63},[49,49121,48404],{"class":1428},[49,49123,8016],{"class":63},[49,49125,49126,49129,49131,49134],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,49127,49128],{"class":973},"        return",[49,49130,87],{"class":67},[49,49132,49133],{"class":71},"text must be a string",[49,49135,301],{"class":67},[49,49137,49138],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,49139,49140],{"class":55},"    \n",[49,49142,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,49144,6072],{"class":973},[49,49146,7773],{"class":59},[49,49148,49113],{"class":122},[49,49150,126],{"class":63},[49,49152,40756],{"class":112},[49,49154,84],{"class":63},[49,49156,44775],{"class":1428},[49,49158,8016],{"class":63},[49,49160,49161,49163,49165,49168],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,49162,49128],{"class":973},[49,49164,87],{"class":67},[49,49166,49167],{"class":71},"count must be an integer",[49,49169,301],{"class":67},[49,49171,49172],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,49173,49140],{"class":55},[49,49175,49176,49178,49181,49183],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,49177,34353],{"class":973},[49,49179,49180],{"class":55}," text ",[49,49182,39368],{"class":59},[49,49184,49185],{"class":55}," count\n",[49,49187,49188],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,49189,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,49191,49192,49194,49196,49199,49201,49203,49206,49208,49210,49212],{"class":51,"line":355},[49,49193,123],{"class":122},[49,49195,126],{"class":63},[49,49197,49198],{"class":112},"repeat_text",[49,49200,126],{"class":63},[49,49202,68],{"class":67},[49,49204,49205],{"class":71},"Hi ",[49,49207,68],{"class":67},[49,49209,84],{"class":63},[49,49211,2120],{"class":80},[49,49213,1436],{"class":63},[49,49215,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228,49230,49232,49234,49236,49238],{"class":51,"line":360},[49,49217,123],{"class":122},[49,49219,126],{"class":63},[49,49221,49198],{"class":112},[49,49223,126],{"class":63},[49,49225,68],{"class":67},[49,49227,49205],{"class":71},[49,49229,68],{"class":67},[49,49231,84],{"class":63},[49,49233,87],{"class":67},[49,49235,1731],{"class":71},[49,49237,68],{"class":67},[49,49239,1436],{"class":63},[20,49241,573],{},[40,49243,49245],{"className":42,"code":49244,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49246,49247,49252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49248,49249],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49250,49251],{"class":55},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[49,49253,49254],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49255,49256],{"class":55},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49258,49259],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[591,49261,49263],{"id":49262},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[40,49265,49267],{"className":42,"code":49266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49268,49269,49301,49305,49321,49336,49353],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49270,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49272,2115],{"class":55},[49,49274,60],{"class":59},[49,49276,3296],{"class":63},[49,49278,68],{"class":67},[49,49280,72],{"class":71},[49,49282,68],{"class":67},[49,49284,84],{"class":63},[49,49286,87],{"class":67},[49,49288,90],{"class":71},[49,49290,68],{"class":67},[49,49292,84],{"class":63},[49,49294,87],{"class":67},[49,49296,9406],{"class":71},[49,49298,68],{"class":67},[49,49300,3309],{"class":63},[49,49302,49303],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49304,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,49306,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317,49319],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,49308,6668],{"class":973},[49,49310,49113],{"class":122},[49,49312,126],{"class":63},[49,49314,2142],{"class":112},[49,49316,84],{"class":63},[49,49318,48404],{"class":1428},[49,49320,8016],{"class":63},[49,49322,49323,49325,49327,49329,49332,49334],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,49324,7742],{"class":122},[49,49326,126],{"class":63},[49,49328,68],{"class":67},[49,49330,49331],{"class":71},"This is text",[49,49333,68],{"class":67},[49,49335,335],{"class":63},[49,49337,49338,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,49339,49340],{"class":973},"elif",[49,49342,49113],{"class":122},[49,49344,126],{"class":63},[49,49346,2142],{"class":112},[49,49348,84],{"class":63},[49,49350,22044],{"class":1428},[49,49352,8016],{"class":63},[49,49354,49355,49357,49359,49361,49364,49366],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,49356,7742],{"class":122},[49,49358,126],{"class":63},[49,49360,68],{"class":67},[49,49362,49363],{"class":71},"This is a list",[49,49365,68],{"class":67},[49,49367,335],{"class":63},[20,49369,573],{},[40,49371,49373],{"className":42,"code":49372,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This is a list\n",[15,49374,49375],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49376,49377,49380,49382,49384],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49378,49379],{"class":55},"This ",[49,49381,974],{"class":59},[49,49383,44043],{"class":55},[49,49385,49386],{"class":1428},"list\n",[591,49388,49390],{"id":49389},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[40,49392,49394],{"className":42,"code":49393,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49395,49396,49408,49412,49428,49442],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49397,49398,49400,49402,49404,49406],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49399,2115],{"class":55},[49,49401,60],{"class":59},[49,49403,87],{"class":67},[49,49405,46025],{"class":71},[49,49407,301],{"class":67},[49,49409,49410],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49411,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,49413,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,49415,6668],{"class":973},[49,49417,49113],{"class":122},[49,49419,126],{"class":63},[49,49421,2142],{"class":112},[49,49423,84],{"class":63},[49,49425,48404],{"class":1428},[49,49427,8016],{"class":63},[49,49429,49430,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,49431,41387],{"class":55},[49,49433,60],{"class":59},[49,49435,44775],{"class":1428},[49,49437,126],{"class":63},[49,49439,2142],{"class":112},[49,49441,335],{"class":63},[49,49443,49444,49446,49448,49450],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,49445,7742],{"class":122},[49,49447,126],{"class":63},[49,49449,1908],{"class":112},[49,49451,335],{"class":63},[20,49453,573],{},[40,49455,49456],{"className":42,"code":46111,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49457,49458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49459,49460],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49461,46111],{"class":80},[20,49463,49464],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[591,49466,49468],{"id":49467},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[40,49470,49472],{"className":42,"code":49471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49473,49474,49498,49502,49518],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49475,49476,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49477,2115],{"class":55},[49,49479,60],{"class":59},[49,49481,64],{"class":63},[49,49483,68],{"class":67},[49,49485,251],{"class":71},[49,49487,68],{"class":67},[49,49489,77],{"class":63},[49,49491,87],{"class":67},[49,49493,12357],{"class":71},[49,49495,68],{"class":67},[49,49497,100],{"class":63},[49,49499,49500],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49501,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,49503,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,49505,6668],{"class":973},[49,49507,49113],{"class":122},[49,49509,126],{"class":63},[49,49511,2142],{"class":112},[49,49513,84],{"class":63},[49,49515,8842],{"class":1428},[49,49517,8016],{"class":63},[49,49519,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,49521,7742],{"class":122},[49,49523,126],{"class":63},[49,49525,2142],{"class":112},[49,49527,3573],{"class":63},[49,49529,68],{"class":67},[49,49531,251],{"class":71},[49,49533,68],{"class":67},[49,49535,3561],{"class":63},[20,49537,573],{},[40,49539,49541],{"className":42,"code":49540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\n",[15,49542,49543],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49544,49545],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49546,49540],{"class":55},[20,49548,49549,49550,49552],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49551,2676],{}," messages later.",[35,49554,4192],{"id":4191},[591,49556,49558,49559,10754,49562],{"id":49557},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49560,49561],{},"\"int\"",[15,49563,1857],{},[20,49565,16124],{},[40,49567,49569],{"className":42,"code":49568,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49570,49571,49579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49572,49573,49575,49577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49574,2115],{"class":55},[49,49576,60],{"class":59},[49,49578,2257],{"class":80},[49,49580,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49582,123],{"class":122},[49,49584,126],{"class":63},[49,49586,48375],{"class":122},[49,49588,126],{"class":63},[49,49590,2142],{"class":112},[49,49592,84],{"class":63},[49,49594,87],{"class":67},[49,49596,1857],{"class":71},[49,49598,68],{"class":67},[49,49600,1436],{"class":63},[20,49602,49603,49605],{},[15,49604,49561],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49607,16136],{},[40,49609,49610],{"className":42,"code":49019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49611,49612,49620],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49613,49614,49616,49618],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49615,2115],{"class":55},[49,49617,60],{"class":59},[49,49619,2257],{"class":80},[49,49621,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49623,123],{"class":122},[49,49625,126],{"class":63},[49,49627,48375],{"class":122},[49,49629,126],{"class":63},[49,49631,2142],{"class":112},[49,49633,84],{"class":63},[49,49635,44775],{"class":1428},[49,49637,1436],{"class":63},[591,49639,49641],{"id":49640},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49643,16124],{},[40,49645,49647],{"className":42,"code":49646,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49648,49649,49657],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49650,49651,49653,49655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49652,2115],{"class":55},[49,49654,60],{"class":59},[49,49656,34333],{"class":80},[49,49658,49659,49661,49663,49665,49667,49669,49671,49673,49675,49677,49679],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49660,123],{"class":122},[49,49662,126],{"class":63},[49,49664,48375],{"class":122},[49,49666,126],{"class":63},[49,49668,2142],{"class":112},[49,49670,84],{"class":63},[49,49672,3296],{"class":63},[49,49674,1857],{"class":1428},[49,49676,84],{"class":63},[49,49678,39751],{"class":1428},[49,49680,2670],{"class":63},[20,49682,49683],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49685,16136],{},[40,49687,49689],{"className":42,"code":49688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49690,49691,49699],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49692,49693,49695,49697],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49694,2115],{"class":55},[49,49696,60],{"class":59},[49,49698,34333],{"class":80},[49,49700,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49702,123],{"class":122},[49,49704,126],{"class":63},[49,49706,48375],{"class":122},[49,49708,126],{"class":63},[49,49710,2142],{"class":112},[49,49712,84],{"class":63},[49,49714,8907],{"class":63},[49,49716,1857],{"class":1428},[49,49718,84],{"class":63},[49,49720,39751],{"class":1428},[49,49722,2582],{"class":63},[591,49724,25260,49726,49728],{"id":49725},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49727,44304],{}," converts a value",[20,49730,18396],{},[40,49732,49734],{"className":42,"code":49733,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49735,49736,49749,49767,49771],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49737,49738,49740,49742,49744,49747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49739,2115],{"class":55},[49,49741,60],{"class":59},[49,49743,87],{"class":67},[49,49745,49746],{"class":71},"123",[49,49748,301],{"class":67},[49,49750,49751,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49752,534],{"class":55},[49,49754,60],{"class":59},[49,49756,49113],{"class":122},[49,49758,126],{"class":63},[49,49760,2142],{"class":112},[49,49762,84],{"class":63},[49,49764,44775],{"class":1428},[49,49766,335],{"class":63},[49,49768,49769],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,49770,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,49772,49773,49775,49777,49779],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,49774,123],{"class":122},[49,49776,126],{"class":63},[49,49778,558],{"class":112},[49,49780,335],{"class":63},[20,49782,573],{},[40,49784,49785],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49786,49787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49788,49789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49790,1194],{"class":583},[20,49792,49793,49794,49797,49798,49800],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49795,49796],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49799,49746],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49802,49803,49804,6301],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49805,49806],{},"int(value)",[591,49808,49810],{"id":49809},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49812,49813,49815],{},[15,49814,44304],{}," does not modify anything.",[40,49817,49819],{"className":42,"code":49818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49820,49821,49833,49837,49855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49822,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49824,2115],{"class":55},[49,49826,60],{"class":59},[49,49828,87],{"class":67},[49,49830,13036],{"class":71},[49,49832,301],{"class":67},[49,49834,49835],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49836,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,49838,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,49840,123],{"class":122},[49,49842,126],{"class":63},[49,49844,48375],{"class":122},[49,49846,126],{"class":63},[49,49848,2142],{"class":112},[49,49850,84],{"class":63},[49,49852,48404],{"class":1428},[49,49854,1436],{"class":63},[49,49856,49857,49859,49861,49863],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,49858,123],{"class":122},[49,49860,126],{"class":63},[49,49862,2142],{"class":112},[49,49864,335],{"class":63},[20,49866,573],{},[40,49868,49870],{"className":42,"code":49869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\n100\n",[15,49871,49872,49876],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49873,49874],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49875,1007],{"class":583},[49,49877,49878],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49879,46762],{"class":80},[20,49881,49882],{},"The value stays the same.",[35,49884,25428],{"id":25427},[20,49886,49887],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[40,49889,49891],{"className":42,"code":49890,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49892,49893,49907,49925,49949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49894,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49896,123],{"class":122},[49,49898,126],{"class":63},[49,49900,1429],{"class":1428},[49,49902,126],{"class":63},[49,49904,2142],{"class":112},[49,49906,1436],{"class":63},[49,49908,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,49910,123],{"class":122},[49,49912,126],{"class":63},[49,49914,48375],{"class":122},[49,49916,126],{"class":63},[49,49918,2142],{"class":112},[49,49920,84],{"class":63},[49,49922,44775],{"class":1428},[49,49924,1436],{"class":63},[49,49926,49927,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,49928,123],{"class":122},[49,49930,126],{"class":63},[49,49932,48375],{"class":122},[49,49934,126],{"class":63},[49,49936,2142],{"class":112},[49,49938,84],{"class":63},[49,49940,8907],{"class":63},[49,49942,1857],{"class":1428},[49,49944,84],{"class":63},[49,49946,39751],{"class":1428},[49,49948,2582],{"class":63},[49,49950,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,49952,123],{"class":122},[49,49954,126],{"class":63},[49,49956,41276],{"class":122},[49,49958,126],{"class":63},[49,49960,2142],{"class":112},[49,49962,1436],{"class":63},[20,49964,49965],{},"These can help when:",[155,49967,49968,49971,49976,49979],{},[158,49969,49970],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[158,49972,49973,49974],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49975,2676],{},[158,49977,49978],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[158,49980,49981,49982,49984],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49983,44304],{}," is invalid",[20,49986,49987],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[155,49989,49990,50004,50010,50015],{},[158,49991,49992,49993,2548,49996,49999,50000,2548,50002],{},"using ",[15,49994,49995],{},"'int'",[15,49997,49998],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50001,1857],{},[15,50003,3114],{},[158,50005,50006,50007,50009],{},"expecting ",[15,50008,44304],{}," to convert a value",[158,50011,49992,50012,50014],{},[15,50013,1970],{}," when inherited types should also match",[158,50016,50017],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50019,50020,50021,109],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[72,50022,50024,50025],{"href":50023},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50026,50027],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[35,50029,1498],{"id":1497},[591,50031,1512,50033,4818],{"id":50032},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50034,44304],{},[20,50036,1518,50037,50039,50040,109],{},[15,50038,3276],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50041,3348],{},[591,50043,4842,50045,50047],{"id":50044},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50046,44304],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50049,50050,50051,109],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50052,50053],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[591,50055,1524,50057,1017,50059,1529],{"id":50056},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50058,44304],{},[15,50060,1970],{},[20,50062,50063,50065,50066,50068],{},[15,50064,1970],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50067,44304],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[591,50070,1502,50072,50074],{"id":50071},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50073,44304],{}," convert a value?",[20,50076,50077],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[35,50079,1550],{"id":1549},[155,50081,50082,50088,50092,50097,50102],{},[158,50083,50084],{},[72,50085,3247,50086,3180],{"href":1967},[15,50087,1970],{},[158,50089,50090],{},[72,50091,44296],{"href":48478},[158,50093,50094],{},[72,50095,50096],{"href":2632},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[158,50098,50099],{},[72,50100,50101],{"href":48481},"What is a data type in Python?",[158,50103,50104],{},[72,50105,50024,50106],{"href":50023},[15,50107,50027],{},[1597,50109,50110],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":50112},[50113,50114,50116,50119,50123,50124,50129,50135,50143,50144,50154],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":48417,"depth":103,"text":50115},"What isinstance() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":50117},[50118],{"id":48509,"depth":119,"text":48510},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225,"children":50120},[50121,50122],{"id":48597,"depth":119,"text":48598},{"id":48668,"depth":119,"text":48669},{"id":48755,"depth":103,"text":48756},{"id":48952,"depth":103,"text":50125,"children":50126},"isinstance() vs type()",[50127,50128],{"id":48968,"depth":119,"text":48971},{"id":49010,"depth":119,"text":49013},{"id":49071,"depth":103,"text":49072,"children":50130},[50131,50132,50133,50134],{"id":49080,"depth":119,"text":49081},{"id":49262,"depth":119,"text":49263},{"id":49389,"depth":119,"text":49390},{"id":49467,"depth":119,"text":49468},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":50136},[50137,50139,50140,50142],{"id":49557,"depth":119,"text":50138},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49640,"depth":119,"text":49641},{"id":49725,"depth":119,"text":50141},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49809,"depth":119,"text":49810},{"id":25427,"depth":103,"text":25428},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":50145},[50146,50148,50150,50152],{"id":50032,"depth":119,"text":50147},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50044,"depth":119,"text":50149},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50056,"depth":119,"text":50151},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50071,"depth":119,"text":50153},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48318,"description":50155},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50161,"title":50162,"body":50163,"description":52136,"extension":1632,"meta":52137,"navigation":312,"path":52138,"seo":52139,"stem":52140,"__hash__":52141},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50164,"toc":52111},[50165,50168,50173,50178,50192,50195,50197,50272,50277,50281,50286,50289,50303,50305,50471,50484,50486,50488,50503,50506,50509,50522,50524,50622,50626,50632,50635,50644,50646,50681,50686,50707,50712,50717,50749,50752,50809,50813,50819,50822,50875,50877,50917,50920,50988,50991,51042,51049,51053,51059,51144,51150,51156,51205,51208,51211,51261,51263,51268,51272,51322,51326,51373,51377,51454,51458,51523,51526,51530,51535,51540,51552,51554,51573,51579,51582,51601,51606,51633,51640,51644,51650,51653,51748,51751,51754,51803,51808,51810,51814,51849,51852,51909,51919,51922,51956,51959,51961,51965,51968,51972,51975,51979,51982,51986,51999,52003,52008,52010,52060,52072,52074,52108],[10,50166,50162],{"id":50167},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50169,8798,50170,50172],{},[15,50171,41858],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50174,34897,50175,50177],{},[15,50176,41858],{}," to count:",[155,50179,50180,50183,50186,50189],{},[158,50181,50182],{},"characters in a string",[158,50184,50185],{},"items in a list or tuple",[158,50187,50188],{},"keys in a dictionary",[158,50190,50191],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50193,50194],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[35,50196,38],{"id":37},[40,50198,50200],{"className":42,"code":50199,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50201,50202,50214,50234,50238,50255],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50203,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50205,34178],{"class":55},[49,50207,60],{"class":59},[49,50209,87],{"class":67},[49,50211,3518],{"class":71},[49,50213,301],{"class":67},[49,50215,50216,50218,50220,50222,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50217,7451],{"class":55},[49,50219,60],{"class":59},[49,50221,3296],{"class":63},[49,50223,1999],{"class":80},[49,50225,84],{"class":63},[49,50227,7462],{"class":80},[49,50229,84],{"class":63},[49,50231,7467],{"class":80},[49,50233,3309],{"class":63},[49,50235,50236],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,50237,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,50239,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,50241,123],{"class":122},[49,50243,126],{"class":63},[49,50245,10824],{"class":122},[49,50247,126],{"class":63},[49,50249,34199],{"class":112},[49,50251,5034],{"class":63},[49,50253,50254],{"class":134},"   # 5\n",[49,50256,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,50258,123],{"class":122},[49,50260,126],{"class":63},[49,50262,10824],{"class":122},[49,50264,126],{"class":63},[49,50266,7482],{"class":112},[49,50268,5034],{"class":63},[49,50270,50271],{"class":134},"  # 3\n",[20,50273,1762,50274,50276],{},[15,50275,41858],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[35,50278,50280],{"id":50279},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50282,50283,50285],{},[15,50284,41858],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50287,50288],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[155,50290,50291,50294,50297,50300],{},[158,50292,50293],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[158,50295,50296],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[158,50298,50299],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[158,50301,50302],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50304,1244],{},[40,50306,50308],{"className":42,"code":50307,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50309,50310,50322,50347,50379,50399,50403,50420,50437,50454],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50311,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50313,7549],{"class":55},[49,50315,60],{"class":59},[49,50317,87],{"class":67},[49,50319,7348],{"class":71},[49,50321,301],{"class":67},[49,50323,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50345],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50325,3291],{"class":55},[49,50327,60],{"class":59},[49,50329,3296],{"class":63},[49,50331,1999],{"class":80},[49,50333,84],{"class":63},[49,50335,7462],{"class":80},[49,50337,84],{"class":63},[49,50339,7467],{"class":80},[49,50341,84],{"class":63},[49,50343,50344],{"class":80}," 40",[49,50346,3309],{"class":63},[49,50348,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375,50377],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,50350,56],{"class":55},[49,50352,60],{"class":59},[49,50354,64],{"class":63},[49,50356,68],{"class":67},[49,50358,72],{"class":71},[49,50360,68],{"class":67},[49,50362,77],{"class":63},[49,50364,81],{"class":80},[49,50366,84],{"class":63},[49,50368,87],{"class":67},[49,50370,90],{"class":71},[49,50372,68],{"class":67},[49,50374,77],{"class":63},[49,50376,97],{"class":80},[49,50378,100],{"class":63},[49,50380,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,50382,3495],{"class":55},[49,50384,60],{"class":59},[49,50386,64],{"class":63},[49,50388,1807],{"class":80},[49,50390,84],{"class":63},[49,50392,37138],{"class":80},[49,50394,84],{"class":63},[49,50396,5666],{"class":80},[49,50398,100],{"class":63},[49,50400,50401],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,50402,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,50404,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,50406,123],{"class":122},[49,50408,126],{"class":63},[49,50410,10824],{"class":122},[49,50412,126],{"class":63},[49,50414,251],{"class":112},[49,50416,5034],{"class":63},[49,50418,50419],{"class":134},"     # 3\n",[49,50421,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,50423,123],{"class":122},[49,50425,126],{"class":63},[49,50427,10824],{"class":122},[49,50429,126],{"class":63},[49,50431,3323],{"class":112},[49,50433,5034],{"class":63},[49,50435,50436],{"class":134},"  # 4\n",[49,50438,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449,50451],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,50440,123],{"class":122},[49,50442,126],{"class":63},[49,50444,10824],{"class":122},[49,50446,126],{"class":63},[49,50448,106],{"class":112},[49,50450,5034],{"class":63},[49,50452,50453],{"class":134},"     # 2\n",[49,50455,50456,50458,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,50457,123],{"class":122},[49,50459,126],{"class":63},[49,50461,10824],{"class":122},[49,50463,126],{"class":63},[49,50465,5031],{"class":112},[49,50467,5034],{"class":63},[49,50469,50470],{"class":134},"   # 3\n",[20,50472,50473,50474,1858,50478,16553,50482,109],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[72,50475,50477],{"href":50476},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[72,50479,50481],{"href":50480},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[72,50483,185],{"href":184},[35,50485,189],{"id":188},[20,50487,1830],{},[40,50489,50491],{"className":42,"code":50490,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len(object)\n",[15,50492,50493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50494,50495,50497,50499,50501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50496,10824],{"class":122},[49,50498,126],{"class":63},[49,50500,41896],{"class":1428},[49,50502,335],{"class":63},[20,50504,50505],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50507,50508],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[155,50510,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519],{},[158,50512,37402],{},[158,50514,37396],{},[158,50516,37399],{},[158,50518,37405],{},[158,50520,50521],{},"a dictionary",[20,50523,1244],{},[40,50525,50527],{"className":42,"code":50526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50528,50529,50550,50574,50596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50530,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50532,123],{"class":122},[49,50534,126],{"class":63},[49,50536,10824],{"class":122},[49,50538,126],{"class":63},[49,50540,68],{"class":67},[49,50542,44],{"class":71},[49,50544,68],{"class":67},[49,50546,5034],{"class":63},[49,50548,50549],{"class":134},"      # 6\n",[49,50551,50552,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50553,123],{"class":122},[49,50555,126],{"class":63},[49,50557,10824],{"class":122},[49,50559,2656],{"class":63},[49,50561,2659],{"class":80},[49,50563,84],{"class":63},[49,50565,97],{"class":80},[49,50567,84],{"class":63},[49,50569,2120],{"class":80},[49,50571,4409],{"class":63},[49,50573,50419],{"class":134},[49,50575,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590,50593],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,50577,123],{"class":122},[49,50579,126],{"class":63},[49,50581,10824],{"class":122},[49,50583,5183],{"class":63},[49,50585,1999],{"class":80},[49,50587,84],{"class":63},[49,50589,7462],{"class":80},[49,50591,50592],{"class":63},")))",[49,50594,50595],{"class":134},"      # 2\n",[49,50597,50598,50600,50602,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50619],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,50599,123],{"class":122},[49,50601,126],{"class":63},[49,50603,10824],{"class":122},[49,50605,5202],{"class":63},[49,50607,68],{"class":67},[49,50609,504],{"class":71},[49,50611,68],{"class":67},[49,50613,77],{"class":63},[49,50615,81],{"class":80},[49,50617,50618],{"class":63},"}))",[49,50620,50621],{"class":134},"      # 1\n",[35,50623,50625],{"id":50624},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50627,50628,50629,50631],{},"When you use ",[15,50630,41858],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50633,50634],{},"That includes:",[155,50636,50637,50639,50641],{},[158,50638,35636],{},[158,50640,10116],{},[158,50642,50643],{},"punctuation",[20,50645,1244],{},[40,50647,50649],{"className":42,"code":50648,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50650,50651,50664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50652,50653,50655,50657,50659,50662],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50654,34178],{"class":55},[49,50656,60],{"class":59},[49,50658,87],{"class":67},[49,50660,50661],{"class":71},"Hi there!",[49,50663,301],{"class":67},[49,50665,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50667,123],{"class":122},[49,50669,126],{"class":63},[49,50671,10824],{"class":122},[49,50673,126],{"class":63},[49,50675,34199],{"class":112},[49,50677,5034],{"class":63},[49,50679,50680],{"class":134},"  # 9\n",[20,50682,50683,50684,1529],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50685,1815],{},[155,50687,50688,50694,50698,50701],{},[158,50689,50690,50693],{},[15,50691,50692],{},"H"," = 1",[158,50695,50696,50693],{},[15,50697,35647],{},[158,50699,50700],{},"space = 1",[158,50702,50703,50706],{},[15,50704,50705],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50708,50709,50710],{},"Total: ",[15,50711,1815],{},[20,50713,50714,50715,77],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50716,1790],{},[40,50718,50720],{"className":42,"code":50719,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50721,50722,50731],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50723,50724,50727,50729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50725,50726],{"class":55},"empty_text ",[49,50728,60],{"class":59},[49,50730,7554],{"class":67},[49,50732,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741,50744,50746],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50734,123],{"class":122},[49,50736,126],{"class":63},[49,50738,10824],{"class":122},[49,50740,126],{"class":63},[49,50742,50743],{"class":112},"empty_text",[49,50745,5034],{"class":63},[49,50747,50748],{"class":134},"  # 0\n",[20,50750,50751],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[40,50753,50755],{"className":42,"code":50754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50756,50757,50770,50774,50794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50758,50759,50762,50764,50766,50768],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50760,50761],{"class":55},"user_name ",[49,50763,60],{"class":59},[49,50765,87],{"class":67},[49,50767,4677],{"class":71},[49,50769,301],{"class":67},[49,50771,50772],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50773,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,50775,50776,50778,50780,50782,50785,50787,50790,50792],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,50777,6668],{"class":973},[49,50779,37881],{"class":122},[49,50781,126],{"class":63},[49,50783,50784],{"class":112},"user_name",[49,50786,131],{"class":63},[49,50788,50789],{"class":59}," >=",[49,50791,2120],{"class":80},[49,50793,6067],{"class":63},[49,50795,50796,50798,50800,50802,50805,50807],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,50797,7742],{"class":122},[49,50799,126],{"class":63},[49,50801,68],{"class":67},[49,50803,50804],{"class":71},"Name is long enough",[49,50806,68],{"class":67},[49,50808,335],{"class":63},[35,50810,50812],{"id":50811},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50814,50815,50816,50818],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50817,41858],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50820,50821],{},"Example with a list:",[40,50823,50825],{"className":42,"code":50824,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50826,50827,50859],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50828,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50830,12553],{"class":55},[49,50832,60],{"class":59},[49,50834,3296],{"class":63},[49,50836,68],{"class":67},[49,50838,12570],{"class":71},[49,50840,68],{"class":67},[49,50842,84],{"class":63},[49,50844,87],{"class":67},[49,50846,16937],{"class":71},[49,50848,68],{"class":67},[49,50850,84],{"class":63},[49,50852,87],{"class":67},[49,50854,12587],{"class":71},[49,50856,68],{"class":67},[49,50858,3309],{"class":63},[49,50860,50861,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50862,123],{"class":122},[49,50864,126],{"class":63},[49,50866,10824],{"class":122},[49,50868,126],{"class":63},[49,50870,16984],{"class":112},[49,50872,5034],{"class":63},[49,50874,50271],{"class":134},[20,50876,37411],{},[40,50878,50880],{"className":42,"code":50879,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50881,50882,50899],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50883,50884,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50885,50886],{"class":55},"point ",[49,50888,60],{"class":59},[49,50890,8907],{"class":63},[49,50892,1999],{"class":80},[49,50894,84],{"class":63},[49,50896,7462],{"class":80},[49,50898,335],{"class":63},[49,50900,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909,50912,50914],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50902,123],{"class":122},[49,50904,126],{"class":63},[49,50906,10824],{"class":122},[49,50908,126],{"class":63},[49,50910,50911],{"class":112},"point",[49,50913,5034],{"class":63},[49,50915,50916],{"class":134},"  # 2\n",[20,50918,50919],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[40,50921,50923],{"className":42,"code":50922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50924,50925,50949,50953,50971],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50926,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50928,7451],{"class":55},[49,50930,60],{"class":59},[49,50932,3296],{"class":63},[49,50934,68],{"class":67},[49,50936,3751],{"class":71},[49,50938,68],{"class":67},[49,50940,84],{"class":63},[49,50942,87],{"class":67},[49,50944,3760],{"class":71},[49,50946,68],{"class":67},[49,50948,3309],{"class":63},[49,50950,50951],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,50952,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,50954,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,50956,6668],{"class":973},[49,50958,37881],{"class":122},[49,50960,126],{"class":63},[49,50962,7482],{"class":112},[49,50964,131],{"class":63},[49,50966,37891],{"class":59},[49,50968,81],{"class":80},[49,50970,6067],{"class":63},[49,50972,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,50974,7742],{"class":122},[49,50976,126],{"class":63},[49,50978,7482],{"class":112},[49,50980,3573],{"class":63},[49,50982,2659],{"class":80},[49,50984,19929],{"class":63},[49,50986,50987],{"class":134},"  # banana\n",[20,50989,50990],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[40,50992,50994],{"className":42,"code":50993,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50995,50996,51019],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50997,50998,51000,51002,51004,51007,51009,51012,51014,51017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50999,4737],{"class":55},[49,51001,60],{"class":59},[49,51003,3296],{"class":63},[49,51005,51006],{"class":80},"88",[49,51008,84],{"class":63},[49,51010,51011],{"class":80}," 91",[49,51013,84],{"class":63},[49,51015,51016],{"class":80}," 75",[49,51018,3309],{"class":63},[49,51020,51021,51023,51025,51027,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51022,123],{"class":122},[49,51024,126],{"class":63},[49,51026,68],{"class":67},[49,51028,51029],{"class":71},"Number of scores:",[49,51031,68],{"class":67},[49,51033,84],{"class":63},[49,51035,37881],{"class":122},[49,51037,126],{"class":63},[49,51039,15869],{"class":112},[49,51041,1436],{"class":63},[20,51043,51044,51045,109],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[72,51046,51048],{"href":51047},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[35,51050,51052],{"id":51051},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51054,51055,51056,51058],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51057,41858],{}," counts keys.",[40,51060,51062],{"className":42,"code":51061,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51063,51064,51072,51090,51104,51120,51124,51128],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51065,51066,51068,51070],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51067,12340],{"class":55},[49,51069,60],{"class":59},[49,51071,243],{"class":63},[49,51073,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51075,248],{"class":67},[49,51077,251],{"class":71},[49,51079,68],{"class":67},[49,51081,77],{"class":63},[49,51083,87],{"class":67},[49,51085,7594],{"class":71},[49,51087,68],{"class":67},[49,51089,265],{"class":63},[49,51091,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,51093,248],{"class":67},[49,51095,272],{"class":71},[49,51097,68],{"class":67},[49,51099,77],{"class":63},[49,51101,30431],{"class":80},[49,51103,265],{"class":63},[49,51105,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,51107,248],{"class":67},[49,51109,19374],{"class":71},[49,51111,68],{"class":67},[49,51113,77],{"class":63},[49,51115,87],{"class":67},[49,51117,21729],{"class":71},[49,51119,301],{"class":67},[49,51121,51122],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,51123,100],{"class":63},[49,51125,51126],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,51127,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,51129,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,51131,123],{"class":122},[49,51133,126],{"class":63},[49,51135,10824],{"class":122},[49,51137,126],{"class":63},[49,51139,13104],{"class":112},[49,51141,5034],{"class":63},[49,51143,50271],{"class":134},[20,51145,51146,51147,51149],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51148,41858],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51151,51152,51153,51155],{},"For sets, ",[15,51154,41858],{}," counts unique items:",[40,51157,51159],{"className":42,"code":51158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51160,51161,51189],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51162,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171,51173,51175,51177,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51164,3291],{"class":55},[49,51166,60],{"class":59},[49,51168,64],{"class":63},[49,51170,2659],{"class":80},[49,51172,84],{"class":63},[49,51174,97],{"class":80},[49,51176,84],{"class":63},[49,51178,2120],{"class":80},[49,51180,84],{"class":63},[49,51182,2120],{"class":80},[49,51184,84],{"class":63},[49,51186,97],{"class":80},[49,51188,100],{"class":63},[49,51190,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51192,123],{"class":122},[49,51194,126],{"class":63},[49,51196,10824],{"class":122},[49,51198,126],{"class":63},[49,51200,3323],{"class":112},[49,51202,5034],{"class":63},[49,51204,50271],{"class":134},[20,51206,51207],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51209,51210],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[40,51212,51214],{"className":42,"code":51213,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51215,51216,51224,51228,51246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51217,51218,51220,51222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51219,56],{"class":55},[49,51221,60],{"class":59},[49,51223,450],{"class":63},[49,51225,51226],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51227,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,51229,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,51231,6668],{"class":973},[49,51233,37881],{"class":122},[49,51235,126],{"class":63},[49,51237,106],{"class":112},[49,51239,131],{"class":63},[49,51241,6082],{"class":59},[49,51243,3506],{"class":80},[49,51245,6067],{"class":63},[49,51247,51248,51250,51252,51254,51257,51259],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,51249,7742],{"class":122},[49,51251,126],{"class":63},[49,51253,68],{"class":67},[49,51255,51256],{"class":71},"The dictionary is empty",[49,51258,68],{"class":67},[49,51260,335],{"class":63},[35,51262,40542],{"id":40541},[20,51264,51265,51266,109],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51267,41858],{},[591,51269,51271],{"id":51270},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[40,51273,51275],{"className":42,"code":51274,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51276,51277,51285,51289,51307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51278,51279,51281,51283],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51280,7451],{"class":55},[49,51282,60],{"class":59},[49,51284,7511],{"class":63},[49,51286,51287],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51288,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,51290,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,51292,6668],{"class":973},[49,51294,37881],{"class":122},[49,51296,126],{"class":63},[49,51298,7482],{"class":112},[49,51300,131],{"class":63},[49,51302,6082],{"class":59},[49,51304,3506],{"class":80},[49,51306,6067],{"class":63},[49,51308,51309,51311,51313,51315,51318,51320],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,51310,7742],{"class":122},[49,51312,126],{"class":63},[49,51314,68],{"class":67},[49,51316,51317],{"class":71},"The list is empty",[49,51319,68],{"class":67},[49,51321,335],{"class":63},[591,51323,51325],{"id":51324},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[40,51327,51329],{"className":42,"code":51328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51330,51331,51350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51332,51333,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51346,51348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51334,5827],{"class":55},[49,51336,60],{"class":59},[49,51338,7916],{"class":122},[49,51340,126],{"class":63},[49,51342,68],{"class":67},[49,51344,51345],{"class":71},"Enter a word: ",[49,51347,68],{"class":67},[49,51349,335],{"class":63},[49,51351,51352,51354,51356,51358,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51353,123],{"class":122},[49,51355,126],{"class":63},[49,51357,68],{"class":67},[49,51359,51360],{"class":71},"Number of characters:",[49,51362,68],{"class":67},[49,51364,84],{"class":63},[49,51366,37881],{"class":122},[49,51368,126],{"class":63},[49,51370,37886],{"class":112},[49,51372,1436],{"class":63},[591,51374,51376],{"id":51375},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[40,51378,51380],{"className":42,"code":51379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51381,51382,51396,51400,51418,51433,51439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51383,51384,51387,51389,51391,51394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51385,51386],{"class":55},"password ",[49,51388,60],{"class":59},[49,51390,87],{"class":67},[49,51392,51393],{"class":71},"secret123",[49,51395,301],{"class":67},[49,51397,51398],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51399,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,51401,51402,51404,51406,51408,51410,51412,51414,51416],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,51403,6668],{"class":973},[49,51405,37881],{"class":122},[49,51407,126],{"class":63},[49,51409,17103],{"class":112},[49,51411,131],{"class":63},[49,51413,50789],{"class":59},[49,51415,6033],{"class":80},[49,51417,6067],{"class":63},[49,51419,51420,51422,51424,51426,51429,51431],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,51421,7742],{"class":122},[49,51423,126],{"class":63},[49,51425,68],{"class":67},[49,51427,51428],{"class":71},"Password length is valid",[49,51430,68],{"class":67},[49,51432,335],{"class":63},[49,51434,51435,51437],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,51436,26920],{"class":973},[49,51438,6067],{"class":63},[49,51440,51441,51443,51445,51447,51450,51452],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,51442,7742],{"class":122},[49,51444,126],{"class":63},[49,51446,68],{"class":67},[49,51448,51449],{"class":71},"Password is too short",[49,51451,68],{"class":67},[49,51453,335],{"class":63},[591,51455,51457],{"id":51456},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[40,51459,51461],{"className":42,"code":51460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51462,51463,51499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51464,51465,51468,51470,51472,51474,51477,51479,51481,51483,51486,51488,51490,51492,51495,51497],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51466,51467],{"class":55},"results ",[49,51469,60],{"class":59},[49,51471,3296],{"class":63},[49,51473,68],{"class":67},[49,51475,51476],{"class":71},"item1",[49,51478,68],{"class":67},[49,51480,84],{"class":63},[49,51482,87],{"class":67},[49,51484,51485],{"class":71},"item2",[49,51487,68],{"class":67},[49,51489,84],{"class":63},[49,51491,87],{"class":67},[49,51493,51494],{"class":71},"item3",[49,51496,68],{"class":67},[49,51498,3309],{"class":63},[49,51500,51501,51503,51505,51507,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51521],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51502,123],{"class":122},[49,51504,126],{"class":63},[49,51506,68],{"class":67},[49,51508,51509],{"class":71},"Items found:",[49,51511,68],{"class":67},[49,51513,84],{"class":63},[49,51515,37881],{"class":122},[49,51517,126],{"class":63},[49,51519,51520],{"class":112},"results",[49,51522,1436],{"class":63},[20,51524,51525],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[35,51527,51529],{"id":51528},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51531,51532,51534],{},[15,51533,41858],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51536,51537,51538,77],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51539,2676],{},[155,51541,51542,51545,51548],{},[158,51543,51544],{},"plain integers",[158,51546,51547],{},"floats",[158,51549,51550],{},[15,51551,169],{},[20,51553,1244],{},[40,51555,51557],{"className":42,"code":51556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51558,51559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51560,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51562,123],{"class":122},[49,51564,126],{"class":63},[49,51566,10824],{"class":122},[49,51568,126],{"class":63},[49,51570,1807],{"class":80},[49,51572,1436],{"class":63},[20,51574,51575,51576,51578],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51577,1807],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51580,51581],{},"Another example:",[40,51583,51585],{"className":42,"code":51584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51586,51587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51588,51589,51591,51593,51595,51597,51599],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51590,123],{"class":122},[49,51592,126],{"class":63},[49,51594,10824],{"class":122},[49,51596,126],{"class":63},[49,51598,39639],{"class":80},[49,51600,1436],{"class":63},[20,51602,51603,51604,77],{},"And with ",[15,51605,169],{},[40,51607,51609],{"className":42,"code":51608,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51610,51611,51619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51612,51613,51615,51617],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51614,2115],{"class":55},[49,51616,60],{"class":59},[49,51618,48027],{"class":583},[49,51620,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51622,123],{"class":122},[49,51624,126],{"class":63},[49,51626,10824],{"class":122},[49,51628,126],{"class":63},[49,51630,2142],{"class":112},[49,51632,1436],{"class":63},[20,51634,51635,51636,109],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[72,51637,51639],{"href":51638},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[35,51641,51643],{"id":51642},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51645,51646,51647,51649],{},"Before using ",[15,51648,41858],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51651,51652],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[40,51654,51656],{"className":42,"code":51655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51657,51658,51666,51670,51680,51694,51712,51730],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51659,51660,51662,51664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51661,2115],{"class":55},[49,51663,60],{"class":59},[49,51665,48027],{"class":583},[49,51667,51668],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51669,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,51671,51672,51674,51676,51678],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,51673,123],{"class":122},[49,51675,126],{"class":63},[49,51677,2142],{"class":112},[49,51679,335],{"class":63},[49,51681,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,51683,123],{"class":122},[49,51685,126],{"class":63},[49,51687,1429],{"class":1428},[49,51689,126],{"class":63},[49,51691,2142],{"class":112},[49,51693,1436],{"class":63},[49,51695,51696,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708,51710],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,51697,123],{"class":122},[49,51699,126],{"class":63},[49,51701,48375],{"class":122},[49,51703,126],{"class":63},[49,51705,2142],{"class":112},[49,51707,84],{"class":63},[49,51709,48404],{"class":1428},[49,51711,1436],{"class":63},[49,51713,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,51715,123],{"class":122},[49,51717,126],{"class":63},[49,51719,48375],{"class":122},[49,51721,126],{"class":63},[49,51723,2142],{"class":112},[49,51725,84],{"class":63},[49,51727,22044],{"class":1428},[49,51729,1436],{"class":63},[49,51731,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,51733,123],{"class":122},[49,51735,126],{"class":63},[49,51737,48375],{"class":122},[49,51739,126],{"class":63},[49,51741,2142],{"class":112},[49,51743,84],{"class":63},[49,51745,8842],{"class":1428},[49,51747,1436],{"class":63},[20,51749,51750],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51752,51753],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[40,51755,51757],{"className":42,"code":51756,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51758,51759,51771,51775,51789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51760,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51762,2115],{"class":55},[49,51764,60],{"class":59},[49,51766,87],{"class":67},[49,51768,3518],{"class":71},[49,51770,301],{"class":67},[49,51772,51773],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51774,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,51776,51777,51779,51781,51783,51785,51787],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,51778,6668],{"class":973},[49,51780,21068],{"class":55},[49,51782,974],{"class":59},[49,51784,7773],{"class":59},[49,51786,3525],{"class":583},[49,51788,6067],{"class":63},[49,51790,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,51792,7742],{"class":122},[49,51794,126],{"class":63},[49,51796,10824],{"class":122},[49,51798,126],{"class":63},[49,51800,2142],{"class":112},[49,51802,1436],{"class":63},[20,51804,51805,51806,109],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[72,51807,8117],{"href":1967},[35,51809,1376],{"id":1375},[20,51811,22579,51812,77],{},[15,51813,41858],{},[155,51815,51816,51824,51832,51840,51846],{},[158,51817,8092,51818,51820,51821],{},[15,51819,41858],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51822,51823],{},"len(5)",[158,51825,8092,51826,51828,51829],{},[15,51827,41858],{}," on a float like ",[15,51830,51831],{},"len(3.14)",[158,51833,8092,51834,51836,51837,51839],{},[15,51835,41858],{}," on ",[15,51838,169],{}," after a function returns nothing",[158,51841,4253,51842,51845],{},[15,51843,51844],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[158,51847,51848],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51850,51851],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[40,51853,51855],{"className":42,"code":51854,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51856,51857,51893],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51858,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885,51887,51889,51891],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51860,12682],{"class":55},[49,51862,60],{"class":59},[49,51864,64],{"class":63},[49,51866,68],{"class":67},[49,51868,251],{"class":71},[49,51870,68],{"class":67},[49,51872,77],{"class":63},[49,51874,87],{"class":67},[49,51876,12357],{"class":71},[49,51878,68],{"class":67},[49,51880,84],{"class":63},[49,51882,87],{"class":67},[49,51884,272],{"class":71},[49,51886,68],{"class":67},[49,51888,77],{"class":63},[49,51890,7462],{"class":80},[49,51892,100],{"class":63},[49,51894,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51896,123],{"class":122},[49,51898,126],{"class":63},[49,51900,10824],{"class":122},[49,51902,126],{"class":63},[49,51904,16788],{"class":112},[49,51906,5034],{"class":63},[49,51908,50916],{"class":134},[20,51910,37089,51911,51913,51914,1017,51916,109],{},[15,51912,1725],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51915,14719],{},[15,51917,51918],{},"\"age\"",[20,51920,51921],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[40,51923,51925],{"className":42,"code":51924,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51926,51927,51940],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51928,51929,51931,51933,51935,51938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51930,34178],{"class":55},[49,51932,60],{"class":59},[49,51934,87],{"class":67},[49,51936,51937],{"class":71},"a b",[49,51939,301],{"class":67},[49,51941,51942,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,51943,123],{"class":122},[49,51945,126],{"class":63},[49,51947,10824],{"class":122},[49,51949,126],{"class":63},[49,51951,34199],{"class":112},[49,51953,5034],{"class":63},[49,51955,50271],{"class":134},[20,51957,51958],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[35,51960,1498],{"id":1497},[591,51962,51964],{"id":51963},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51966,51967],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[591,51969,51971],{"id":51970},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51973,51974],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[591,51976,51978],{"id":51977},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51980,51981],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[591,51983,51985],{"id":51984},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51987,51988,51989,51991,51992,2548,51994,51996,51997,109],{},"No. Using ",[15,51990,41858],{}," on an ",[15,51993,1857],{},[15,51995,1861],{}," raises a ",[15,51998,2676],{},[591,52000,52002],{"id":52001},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52004,7434,52005,109],{},[15,52006,52007],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52009,1244],{},[40,52011,52013],{"className":42,"code":52012,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52014,52015,52023,52027,52045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52016,52017,52019,52021],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52018,7982],{"class":55},[49,52020,60],{"class":59},[49,52022,7511],{"class":63},[49,52024,52025],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52026,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,52028,52029,52031,52033,52035,52037,52039,52041,52043],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,52030,6668],{"class":973},[49,52032,37881],{"class":122},[49,52034,126],{"class":63},[49,52036,8013],{"class":112},[49,52038,131],{"class":63},[49,52040,6082],{"class":59},[49,52042,3506],{"class":80},[49,52044,6067],{"class":63},[49,52046,52047,52049,52051,52053,52056,52058],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,52048,7742],{"class":122},[49,52050,126],{"class":63},[49,52052,68],{"class":67},[49,52054,52055],{"class":71},"Empty list",[49,52057,68],{"class":67},[49,52059,335],{"class":63},[20,52061,52062,52063,52065,52066,52068,52069,52071],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52064,3348],{}," in an ",[15,52067,6668],{}," statement, but ",[15,52070,41858],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[35,52073,1550],{"id":1549},[155,52075,52076,52080,52084,52088,52093,52097,52103],{},[158,52077,52078],{},[72,52079,50477],{"href":50476},[158,52081,52082],{},[72,52083,50481],{"href":50480},[158,52085,52086],{},[72,52087,185],{"href":184},[158,52089,52090],{},[72,52091,52092],{"href":51047},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[158,52094,52095],{},[72,52096,8117],{"href":1967},[158,52098,52099],{},[72,52100,52102],{"href":52101},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[158,52104,52105],{},[72,52106,52107],{"href":51638},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1597,52109,52110],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":52112},[52113,52114,52115,52116,52117,52118,52119,52125,52126,52127,52128,52135],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":50279,"depth":103,"text":50280},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":50624,"depth":103,"text":50625},{"id":50811,"depth":103,"text":50812},{"id":51051,"depth":103,"text":51052},{"id":40541,"depth":103,"text":40542,"children":52120},[52121,52122,52123,52124],{"id":51270,"depth":119,"text":51271},{"id":51324,"depth":119,"text":51325},{"id":51375,"depth":119,"text":51376},{"id":51456,"depth":119,"text":51457},{"id":51528,"depth":103,"text":51529},{"id":51642,"depth":103,"text":51643},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":52129},[52130,52131,52132,52133,52134],{"id":51963,"depth":119,"text":51964},{"id":51970,"depth":119,"text":51971},{"id":51977,"depth":119,"text":51978},{"id":51984,"depth":119,"text":51985},{"id":52001,"depth":119,"text":52002},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50162,"description":52136},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52143,"title":52144,"body":52145,"description":53830,"extension":1632,"meta":53831,"navigation":312,"path":53832,"seo":53833,"stem":53834,"__hash__":53835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52146,"toc":53803},[52147,52150,52164,52170,52172,52226,52231,52235,52251,52254,52268,52274,52276,52279,52298,52314,52316,52392,52394,52431,52442,52444,52447,52508,52510,52543,52546,52552,52556,52559,52684,52686,52745,52753,52806,52808,52835,52841,52851,52855,52858,52863,52915,52917,52943,52949,53003,53005,53030,53033,53057,53063,53065,53069,53071,53128,53130,53138,53140,53162,53164,53217,53219,53243,53247,53249,53288,53290,53298,53304,53308,53360,53362,53388,53396,53400,53405,53414,53416,53482,53484,53516,53520,53525,53527,53541,53544,53617,53619,53645,53647,53651,53658,53662,53669,53673,53676,53678,53731,53733,53759,53763,53772,53774,53800],[10,52148,52144],{"id":52149},"python-list-append-method",[20,52151,150,52152,52155,52156,52159,52160,52163],{},[15,52153,52154],{},"append()"," method adds ",[30,52157,52158],{},"one item"," to the ",[30,52161,52162],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52165,52166,52167,52169],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[30,52168,600],{}," create a new list.",[35,52171,3281],{"id":3280},[40,52173,52175],{"className":42,"code":52174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52176,52177,52197,52211,52221],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52178,52179,52181,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191,52193,52195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52180,3291],{"class":55},[49,52182,60],{"class":59},[49,52184,3296],{"class":63},[49,52186,2659],{"class":80},[49,52188,84],{"class":63},[49,52190,97],{"class":80},[49,52192,84],{"class":63},[49,52194,2120],{"class":80},[49,52196,3309],{"class":63},[49,52198,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52200,3323],{"class":55},[49,52202,109],{"class":63},[49,52204,13031],{"class":112},[49,52206,126],{"class":63},[49,52208,2174],{"class":80},[49,52210,335],{"class":63},[49,52212,52213,52215,52217,52219],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,52214,123],{"class":122},[49,52216,126],{"class":63},[49,52218,3323],{"class":112},[49,52220,335],{"class":63},[49,52222,52223],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,52224,52225],{"class":134},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52227,1762,52228,52230],{},[15,52229,52154],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[35,52232,52234],{"id":52233},"what-append-does","What append() does",[155,52236,52237,52242,52245,52248],{},[158,52238,52239,52241],{},[15,52240,52154],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[158,52243,52244],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[158,52246,52247],{},"It does not create a new list",[158,52249,52250],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52252,52253],{},"This means you can append:",[155,52255,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266],{},[158,52257,3323],{},[158,52259,4981],{},[158,52261,40090],{},[158,52263,4972],{},[158,52265,6922],{},[158,52267,34152],{},[20,52269,52270,52271,109],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[72,52272,52273],{"href":50480},"Python lists explained for beginners",[35,52275,5104],{"id":5103},[20,52277,52278],{},"Basic form:",[40,52280,52282],{"className":42,"code":52281,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52283,52284],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52285,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52287,8013],{"class":55},[49,52289,109],{"class":63},[49,52291,13031],{"class":112},[49,52293,126],{"class":63},[49,52295,22795],{"class":112},[49,52297,335],{"class":63},[155,52299,52300,52305,52310],{},[158,52301,52302,52304],{},[15,52303,8013],{}," is the list you want to change",[158,52306,52307,52309],{},[15,52308,22795],{}," is the value or object to add",[158,52311,690,52312],{},[15,52313,169],{},[20,52315,1244],{},[40,52317,52319],{"className":42,"code":52318,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52320,52321,52345,52368,52372,52382],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52322,52323,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52324,35732],{"class":55},[49,52326,60],{"class":59},[49,52328,3296],{"class":63},[49,52330,68],{"class":67},[49,52332,3751],{"class":71},[49,52334,68],{"class":67},[49,52336,84],{"class":63},[49,52338,87],{"class":67},[49,52340,3760],{"class":71},[49,52342,68],{"class":67},[49,52344,3309],{"class":63},[49,52346,52347,52349,52351,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52348,534],{"class":55},[49,52350,60],{"class":59},[49,52352,52353],{"class":55}," fruits",[49,52355,109],{"class":63},[49,52357,13031],{"class":112},[49,52359,126],{"class":63},[49,52361,68],{"class":67},[49,52363,32710],{"class":71},[49,52365,68],{"class":67},[49,52367,335],{"class":63},[49,52369,52370],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,52371,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,52373,52374,52376,52378,52380],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,52375,123],{"class":122},[49,52377,126],{"class":63},[49,52379,35784],{"class":112},[49,52381,335],{"class":63},[49,52383,52384,52386,52388,52390],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,52385,123],{"class":122},[49,52387,126],{"class":63},[49,52389,558],{"class":112},[49,52391,335],{"class":63},[20,52393,573],{},[40,52395,52397],{"className":42,"code":52396,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52398,52399,52427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52400,52401,52403,52405,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52402,3573],{"class":63},[49,52404,397],{"class":67},[49,52406,3751],{"class":71},[49,52408,397],{"class":67},[49,52410,84],{"class":63},[49,52412,406],{"class":67},[49,52414,3760],{"class":71},[49,52416,397],{"class":67},[49,52418,84],{"class":63},[49,52420,406],{"class":67},[49,52422,32710],{"class":71},[49,52424,397],{"class":67},[49,52426,3309],{"class":63},[49,52428,52429],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52430,584],{"class":583},[20,52432,52433,52434,52436,52437,52439,52440,109],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52435,52154],{}," updates ",[15,52438,35784],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52441,169],{},[35,52443,225],{"id":224},[20,52445,52446],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[40,52448,52450],{"className":42,"code":52449,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52451,52452,52476,52494,52498],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52453,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466,52468,52470,52472,52474],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52455,12553],{"class":55},[49,52457,60],{"class":59},[49,52459,3296],{"class":63},[49,52461,68],{"class":67},[49,52463,12570],{"class":71},[49,52465,68],{"class":67},[49,52467,84],{"class":63},[49,52469,87],{"class":67},[49,52471,12587],{"class":71},[49,52473,68],{"class":67},[49,52475,3309],{"class":63},[49,52477,52478,52480,52482,52484,52486,52488,52490,52492],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52479,16984],{"class":55},[49,52481,109],{"class":63},[49,52483,13031],{"class":112},[49,52485,126],{"class":63},[49,52487,68],{"class":67},[49,52489,16937],{"class":71},[49,52491,68],{"class":67},[49,52493,335],{"class":63},[49,52495,52496],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,52497,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,52499,52500,52502,52504,52506],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,52501,123],{"class":122},[49,52503,126],{"class":63},[49,52505,16984],{"class":112},[49,52507,335],{"class":63},[20,52509,573],{},[40,52511,52513],{"className":42,"code":52512,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52514,52515],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52516,52517,52519,52521,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537,52539,52541],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52518,3573],{"class":63},[49,52520,397],{"class":67},[49,52522,12570],{"class":71},[49,52524,397],{"class":67},[49,52526,84],{"class":63},[49,52528,406],{"class":67},[49,52530,12587],{"class":71},[49,52532,397],{"class":67},[49,52534,84],{"class":63},[49,52536,406],{"class":67},[49,52538,16937],{"class":71},[49,52540,397],{"class":67},[49,52542,3309],{"class":63},[20,52544,52545],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52547,30571,52548,109],{},[72,52549,52551],{"href":52550},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[35,52553,52555],{"id":52554},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52557,52558],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[40,52560,52562],{"className":42,"code":52561,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52563,52564,52572,52576,52590,52608,52622,52648,52670,52674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52565,52566,52568,52570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52567,7451],{"class":55},[49,52569,60],{"class":59},[49,52571,7511],{"class":63},[49,52573,52574],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52575,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,52577,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586,52588],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,52579,7482],{"class":55},[49,52581,109],{"class":63},[49,52583,13031],{"class":112},[49,52585,126],{"class":63},[49,52587,1999],{"class":80},[49,52589,335],{"class":63},[49,52591,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,52593,7482],{"class":55},[49,52595,109],{"class":63},[49,52597,13031],{"class":112},[49,52599,126],{"class":63},[49,52601,68],{"class":67},[49,52603,3518],{"class":71},[49,52605,68],{"class":67},[49,52607,335],{"class":63},[49,52609,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,52611,7482],{"class":55},[49,52613,109],{"class":63},[49,52615,13031],{"class":112},[49,52617,126],{"class":63},[49,52619,3276],{"class":583},[49,52621,335],{"class":63},[49,52623,52624,52626,52628,52630,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644,52646],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,52625,7482],{"class":55},[49,52627,109],{"class":63},[49,52629,13031],{"class":112},[49,52631,5202],{"class":63},[49,52633,68],{"class":67},[49,52635,251],{"class":71},[49,52637,68],{"class":67},[49,52639,77],{"class":63},[49,52641,87],{"class":67},[49,52643,7348],{"class":71},[49,52645,68],{"class":67},[49,52647,29984],{"class":63},[49,52649,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,52651,7482],{"class":55},[49,52653,109],{"class":63},[49,52655,13031],{"class":112},[49,52657,2656],{"class":63},[49,52659,2659],{"class":80},[49,52661,84],{"class":63},[49,52663,97],{"class":80},[49,52665,84],{"class":63},[49,52667,2120],{"class":80},[49,52669,3561],{"class":63},[49,52671,52672],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,52673,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,52675,52676,52678,52680,52682],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,52677,123],{"class":122},[49,52679,126],{"class":63},[49,52681,7482],{"class":112},[49,52683,335],{"class":63},[20,52685,573],{},[40,52687,52689],{"className":42,"code":52688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52690,52691],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52692,52693,52695,52697,52699,52701,52703,52705,52707,52709,52711,52713,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52694,3573],{"class":63},[49,52696,1999],{"class":80},[49,52698,84],{"class":63},[49,52700,406],{"class":67},[49,52702,3518],{"class":71},[49,52704,397],{"class":67},[49,52706,84],{"class":63},[49,52708,3589],{"class":583},[49,52710,84],{"class":63},[49,52712,64],{"class":63},[49,52714,397],{"class":67},[49,52716,251],{"class":71},[49,52718,397],{"class":67},[49,52720,77],{"class":63},[49,52722,406],{"class":67},[49,52724,7348],{"class":71},[49,52726,397],{"class":67},[49,52728,52729],{"class":63},"},",[49,52731,3296],{"class":63},[49,52733,2659],{"class":80},[49,52735,84],{"class":63},[49,52737,97],{"class":80},[49,52739,84],{"class":63},[49,52741,2120],{"class":80},[49,52743,52744],{"class":63},"]]\n",[20,52746,52747,52748,41652,52750,109],{},"A list added with ",[15,52749,52154],{},[30,52751,52752],{},"one single item",[40,52754,52756],{"className":42,"code":52755,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52757,52758,52774,52792,52796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52759,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770,52772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52761,3291],{"class":55},[49,52763,60],{"class":59},[49,52765,3296],{"class":63},[49,52767,2659],{"class":80},[49,52769,84],{"class":63},[49,52771,97],{"class":80},[49,52773,3309],{"class":63},[49,52775,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788,52790],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52777,3323],{"class":55},[49,52779,109],{"class":63},[49,52781,13031],{"class":112},[49,52783,2656],{"class":63},[49,52785,1731],{"class":80},[49,52787,84],{"class":63},[49,52789,2126],{"class":80},[49,52791,3561],{"class":63},[49,52793,52794],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,52795,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,52797,52798,52800,52802,52804],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,52799,123],{"class":122},[49,52801,126],{"class":63},[49,52803,3323],{"class":112},[49,52805,335],{"class":63},[20,52807,573],{},[40,52809,52811],{"className":42,"code":52810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52812,52813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52814,52815,52817,52819,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52816,3573],{"class":63},[49,52818,2659],{"class":80},[49,52820,84],{"class":63},[49,52822,97],{"class":80},[49,52824,84],{"class":63},[49,52826,3296],{"class":63},[49,52828,1731],{"class":80},[49,52830,84],{"class":63},[49,52832,2126],{"class":80},[49,52834,52744],{"class":63},[20,52836,1954,52837,52840],{},[15,52838,52839],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52842,52843,52844,52850],{},"This is different from ",[72,52845,52847],{"href":52846},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52848,52849],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[35,52852,52854],{"id":52853},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52856,52857],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[591,52859,8092,52861],{"id":52860},"using-append",[15,52862,52154],{},[40,52864,52865],{"className":42,"code":52755,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,52866,52867,52883,52901,52905],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52868,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52879,52881],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52870,3291],{"class":55},[49,52872,60],{"class":59},[49,52874,3296],{"class":63},[49,52876,2659],{"class":80},[49,52878,84],{"class":63},[49,52880,97],{"class":80},[49,52882,3309],{"class":63},[49,52884,52885,52887,52889,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52886,3323],{"class":55},[49,52888,109],{"class":63},[49,52890,13031],{"class":112},[49,52892,2656],{"class":63},[49,52894,1731],{"class":80},[49,52896,84],{"class":63},[49,52898,2126],{"class":80},[49,52900,3561],{"class":63},[49,52902,52903],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,52904,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,52906,52907,52909,52911,52913],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,52908,123],{"class":122},[49,52910,126],{"class":63},[49,52912,3323],{"class":112},[49,52914,335],{"class":63},[20,52916,573],{},[40,52918,52919],{"className":42,"code":52810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,52920,52921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52922,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937,52939,52941],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52924,3573],{"class":63},[49,52926,2659],{"class":80},[49,52928,84],{"class":63},[49,52930,97],{"class":80},[49,52932,84],{"class":63},[49,52934,3296],{"class":63},[49,52936,1731],{"class":80},[49,52938,84],{"class":63},[49,52940,2126],{"class":80},[49,52942,52744],{"class":63},[591,52944,8092,52946],{"id":52945},"using-extend",[15,52947,52948],{},"extend()",[40,52950,52952],{"className":42,"code":52951,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52953,52954,52970,52989,52993],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52955,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52957,3291],{"class":55},[49,52959,60],{"class":59},[49,52961,3296],{"class":63},[49,52963,2659],{"class":80},[49,52965,84],{"class":63},[49,52967,97],{"class":80},[49,52969,3309],{"class":63},[49,52971,52972,52974,52976,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,52973,3323],{"class":55},[49,52975,109],{"class":63},[49,52977,52978],{"class":112},"extend",[49,52980,2656],{"class":63},[49,52982,1731],{"class":80},[49,52984,84],{"class":63},[49,52986,2126],{"class":80},[49,52988,3561],{"class":63},[49,52990,52991],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,52992,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,52994,52995,52997,52999,53001],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,52996,123],{"class":122},[49,52998,126],{"class":63},[49,53000,3323],{"class":112},[49,53002,335],{"class":63},[20,53004,573],{},[40,53006,53008],{"className":42,"code":53007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53009,53010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53011,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53013,3573],{"class":63},[49,53015,2659],{"class":80},[49,53017,84],{"class":63},[49,53019,97],{"class":80},[49,53021,84],{"class":63},[49,53023,2120],{"class":80},[49,53025,84],{"class":63},[49,53027,2126],{"class":80},[49,53029,3309],{"class":63},[20,53031,53032],{},"The difference:",[155,53034,53035,53041,53047,53052],{},[158,53036,53037,53040],{},[15,53038,53039],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[158,53042,53043,53046],{},[15,53044,53045],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[158,53048,1762,53049,53051],{},[15,53050,52154],{}," for one item",[158,53053,1762,53054,53056],{},[15,53055,52948],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53058,53059,53060,109],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[72,53061,53062],{"href":52846},"Python list extend() method",[35,53064,4192],{"id":4191},[591,53066,53068],{"id":53067},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53070,25176],{},[40,53072,53074],{"className":42,"code":53073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53075,53076,53096,53114,53118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53077,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53079,7451],{"class":55},[49,53081,60],{"class":59},[49,53083,3296],{"class":63},[49,53085,2659],{"class":80},[49,53087,84],{"class":63},[49,53089,97],{"class":80},[49,53091,84],{"class":63},[49,53093,2120],{"class":80},[49,53095,3309],{"class":63},[49,53097,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,53099,7451],{"class":55},[49,53101,60],{"class":59},[49,53103,5638],{"class":55},[49,53105,109],{"class":63},[49,53107,13031],{"class":112},[49,53109,126],{"class":63},[49,53111,2174],{"class":80},[49,53113,335],{"class":63},[49,53115,53116],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,53117,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,53119,53120,53122,53124,53126],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,53121,123],{"class":122},[49,53123,126],{"class":63},[49,53125,7482],{"class":112},[49,53127,335],{"class":63},[20,53129,573],{},[40,53131,53132],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53133,53134],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53135,53136],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53137,584],{"class":583},[20,53139,679],{},[155,53141,53142,53147,53153],{},[158,53143,53144,53146],{},[15,53145,52154],{}," changes the list in place",[158,53148,53149,480,53151],{},[15,53150,52154],{},[15,53152,169],{},[158,53154,53155,53156,53159,53160],{},"So ",[15,53157,53158],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53161,169],{},[20,53163,10469],{},[40,53165,53167],{"className":42,"code":53166,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53168,53169,53189,53203,53207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53170,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53172,7451],{"class":55},[49,53174,60],{"class":59},[49,53176,3296],{"class":63},[49,53178,2659],{"class":80},[49,53180,84],{"class":63},[49,53182,97],{"class":80},[49,53184,84],{"class":63},[49,53186,2120],{"class":80},[49,53188,3309],{"class":63},[49,53190,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,53192,7482],{"class":55},[49,53194,109],{"class":63},[49,53196,13031],{"class":112},[49,53198,126],{"class":63},[49,53200,2174],{"class":80},[49,53202,335],{"class":63},[49,53204,53205],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,53206,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,53208,53209,53211,53213,53215],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,53210,123],{"class":122},[49,53212,126],{"class":63},[49,53214,7482],{"class":112},[49,53216,335],{"class":63},[20,53218,573],{},[40,53220,53221],{"className":42,"code":53007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53222,53223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53224,53225,53227,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53226,3573],{"class":63},[49,53228,2659],{"class":80},[49,53230,84],{"class":63},[49,53232,97],{"class":80},[49,53234,84],{"class":63},[49,53236,2120],{"class":80},[49,53238,84],{"class":63},[49,53240,2126],{"class":80},[49,53242,3309],{"class":63},[591,53244,53246],{"id":53245},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53248,18396],{},[40,53250,53252],{"className":42,"code":53251,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53253,53254,53278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53255,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53257,31371],{"class":55},[49,53259,60],{"class":59},[49,53261,3296],{"class":63},[49,53263,2659],{"class":80},[49,53265,84],{"class":63},[49,53267,97],{"class":80},[49,53269,13028],{"class":63},[49,53271,13031],{"class":112},[49,53273,126],{"class":63},[49,53275,1731],{"class":80},[49,53277,335],{"class":63},[49,53279,53280,53282,53284,53286],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,53281,123],{"class":122},[49,53283,126],{"class":63},[49,53285,31390],{"class":112},[49,53287,335],{"class":63},[20,53289,573],{},[40,53291,53292],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53293,53294],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53295,53296],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53297,584],{"class":583},[20,53299,53300,53301,53303],{},"Remember: ",[15,53302,52154],{}," updates the list you already have.",[591,53305,53307],{"id":53306},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[40,53309,53310],{"className":42,"code":52755,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53311,53312,53328,53346,53350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53313,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53315,3291],{"class":55},[49,53317,60],{"class":59},[49,53319,3296],{"class":63},[49,53321,2659],{"class":80},[49,53323,84],{"class":63},[49,53325,97],{"class":80},[49,53327,3309],{"class":63},[49,53329,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342,53344],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,53331,3323],{"class":55},[49,53333,109],{"class":63},[49,53335,13031],{"class":112},[49,53337,2656],{"class":63},[49,53339,1731],{"class":80},[49,53341,84],{"class":63},[49,53343,2126],{"class":80},[49,53345,3561],{"class":63},[49,53347,53348],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,53349,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,53351,53352,53354,53356,53358],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,53353,123],{"class":122},[49,53355,126],{"class":63},[49,53357,3323],{"class":112},[49,53359,335],{"class":63},[20,53361,573],{},[40,53363,53364],{"className":42,"code":52810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53365,53366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53367,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53369,3573],{"class":63},[49,53371,2659],{"class":80},[49,53373,84],{"class":63},[49,53375,97],{"class":80},[49,53377,84],{"class":63},[49,53379,3296],{"class":63},[49,53381,1731],{"class":80},[49,53383,84],{"class":63},[49,53385,2126],{"class":80},[49,53387,52744],{"class":63},[20,53389,2841,53390,53393,53394,6301],{},[15,53391,53392],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53395,52948],{},[591,53397,53399],{"id":53398},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53401,53402,53404],{},[15,53403,52154],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53406,53407,53408,109],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[72,53409,53411],{"href":53410},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53412,53413],{},"list.insert()",[20,53415,1244],{},[40,53417,53419],{"className":42,"code":53418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53420,53421,53445,53468,53472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53422,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53424,35583],{"class":55},[49,53426,60],{"class":59},[49,53428,3296],{"class":63},[49,53430,68],{"class":67},[49,53432,72],{"class":71},[49,53434,68],{"class":67},[49,53436,84],{"class":63},[49,53438,87],{"class":67},[49,53440,9406],{"class":71},[49,53442,68],{"class":67},[49,53444,3309],{"class":63},[49,53446,53447,53449,53451,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53466],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,53448,35636],{"class":55},[49,53450,109],{"class":63},[49,53452,53453],{"class":112},"insert",[49,53455,126],{"class":63},[49,53457,2659],{"class":80},[49,53459,84],{"class":63},[49,53461,87],{"class":67},[49,53463,90],{"class":71},[49,53465,68],{"class":67},[49,53467,335],{"class":63},[49,53469,53470],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,53471,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,53473,53474,53476,53478,53480],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,53475,123],{"class":122},[49,53477,126],{"class":63},[49,53479,35636],{"class":112},[49,53481,335],{"class":63},[20,53483,573],{},[40,53485,53486],{"className":42,"code":42373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53487,53488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53489,53490,53492,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53491,3573],{"class":63},[49,53493,397],{"class":67},[49,53495,72],{"class":71},[49,53497,397],{"class":67},[49,53499,84],{"class":63},[49,53501,406],{"class":67},[49,53503,90],{"class":71},[49,53505,397],{"class":67},[49,53507,84],{"class":63},[49,53509,406],{"class":67},[49,53511,9406],{"class":71},[49,53513,397],{"class":67},[49,53515,3309],{"class":63},[35,53517,53519],{"id":53518},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53521,53522,53524],{},[15,53523,52154],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53526,35919],{},[155,53528,53529,53532,53535,53538],{},[158,53530,53531],{},"building a list in a loop",[158,53533,53534],{},"collecting user input",[158,53536,53537],{},"storing results step by step",[158,53539,53540],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53542,53543],{},"Example with a loop:",[40,53545,53547],{"className":42,"code":53546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53548,53549,53558,53562,53583,53602,53606],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53550,53551,53554,53556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53552,53553],{"class":55},"squares ",[49,53555,60],{"class":59},[49,53557,7511],{"class":63},[49,53559,53560],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,53561,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,53563,53564,53566,53568,53570,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,53565,5630],{"class":973},[49,53567,6060],{"class":55},[49,53569,3555],{"class":973},[49,53571,53572],{"class":122}," range",[49,53574,126],{"class":63},[49,53576,2659],{"class":80},[49,53578,84],{"class":63},[49,53580,4279],{"class":80},[49,53582,8016],{"class":63},[49,53584,53585,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,53586,53587],{"class":55},"    squares",[49,53589,109],{"class":63},[49,53591,13031],{"class":112},[49,53593,126],{"class":63},[49,53595,1886],{"class":112},[49,53597,39368],{"class":59},[49,53599,1866],{"class":112},[49,53601,335],{"class":63},[49,53603,53604],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,53605,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,53607,53608,53610,53612,53615],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,53609,123],{"class":122},[49,53611,126],{"class":63},[49,53613,53614],{"class":112},"squares",[49,53616,335],{"class":63},[20,53618,573],{},[40,53620,53622],{"className":42,"code":53621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53623,53624],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53625,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636,53639,53641,53643],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53627,3573],{"class":63},[49,53629,2659],{"class":80},[49,53631,84],{"class":63},[49,53633,2126],{"class":80},[49,53635,84],{"class":63},[49,53637,53638],{"class":80}," 9",[49,53640,84],{"class":63},[49,53642,13466],{"class":80},[49,53644,3309],{"class":63},[35,53646,1498],{"id":1497},[591,53648,53650],{"id":53649},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53652,45864,53653,53655,53656,109],{},[15,53654,52154],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53657,169],{},[591,53659,53661],{"id":53660},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53663,53664,53665,109],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[72,53666,53667],{"href":52846},[15,53668,52948],{},[591,53670,53672],{"id":53671},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53674,53675],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53677,1244],{},[40,53679,53681],{"className":42,"code":53680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53682,53683,53699,53717,53721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53684,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53686,56],{"class":55},[49,53688,60],{"class":59},[49,53690,3296],{"class":63},[49,53692,2659],{"class":80},[49,53694,84],{"class":63},[49,53696,97],{"class":80},[49,53698,3309],{"class":63},[49,53700,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,53702,106],{"class":55},[49,53704,109],{"class":63},[49,53706,13031],{"class":112},[49,53708,2656],{"class":63},[49,53710,1731],{"class":80},[49,53712,84],{"class":63},[49,53714,2126],{"class":80},[49,53716,3561],{"class":63},[49,53718,53719],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,53720,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,53722,53723,53725,53727,53729],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,53724,123],{"class":122},[49,53726,126],{"class":63},[49,53728,106],{"class":112},[49,53730,335],{"class":63},[20,53732,573],{},[40,53734,53735],{"className":42,"code":52810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53736,53737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53738,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53740,3573],{"class":63},[49,53742,2659],{"class":80},[49,53744,84],{"class":63},[49,53746,97],{"class":80},[49,53748,84],{"class":63},[49,53750,3296],{"class":63},[49,53752,1731],{"class":80},[49,53754,84],{"class":63},[49,53756,2126],{"class":80},[49,53758,52744],{"class":63},[591,53760,53762],{"id":53761},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53764,53765,53767,53768,53771],{},[15,53766,52154],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53769,53770],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[35,53773,1550],{"id":1549},[155,53775,53776,53781,53785,53790,53794],{},[158,53777,53778],{},[72,53779,53780],{"href":52550},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[158,53782,53783],{},[72,53784,53062],{"href":52846},[158,53786,53787],{},[72,53788,53789],{"href":53410},"Python list insert() method",[158,53791,53792],{},[72,53793,52273],{"href":50480},[158,53795,53796],{},[72,53797,53799],{"href":53798},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1597,53801,53802],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":53804},[53805,53806,53807,53808,53809,53810,53816,53822,53823,53829],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":52233,"depth":103,"text":52234},{"id":5103,"depth":103,"text":5104},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":52554,"depth":103,"text":52555},{"id":52853,"depth":103,"text":52854,"children":53811},[53812,53814],{"id":52860,"depth":119,"text":53813},"Using append()",{"id":52945,"depth":119,"text":53815},"Using extend()",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":53817},[53818,53819,53820,53821],{"id":53067,"depth":119,"text":53068},{"id":53245,"depth":119,"text":53246},{"id":53306,"depth":119,"text":53307},{"id":53398,"depth":119,"text":53399},{"id":53518,"depth":103,"text":53519},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":53824},[53825,53826,53827,53828],{"id":53649,"depth":119,"text":53650},{"id":53660,"depth":119,"text":53661},{"id":53671,"depth":119,"text":53672},{"id":53761,"depth":119,"text":53762},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52144,"description":53830},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53837,"title":53838,"body":53839,"description":55083,"extension":1632,"meta":55084,"navigation":312,"path":55085,"seo":55086,"stem":55087,"__hash__":55088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53840,"toc":55048},[53841,53847,53853,53859,53861,53909,53914,53919,53923,53939,53945,53947,53950,53965,53967,53978,53980,53982,54039,54041,54049,54051,54067,54073,54075,54081,54085,54169,54172,54221,54228,54236,54239,54253,54266,54272,54347,54354,54361,54435,54443,54446,54457,54466,54470,54474,54485,54487,54564,54585,54587,54597,54600,54648,54650,54671,54674,54676,54727,54733,54740,54807,54813,54819,54822,54849,54854,54860,54863,54935,54938,54949,54955,54957,54963,54966,54972,54978,54985,54993,54999,55005,55007,55045],[10,53842,53844,53845,18],{"id":53843},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53846,17],{},[20,53848,53849,53852],{},[15,53850,53851],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53854,53855,53856,53858],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[30,53857,32],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[35,53860,3281],{"id":3280},[40,53862,53864],{"className":42,"code":53863,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53865,53866,53886,53896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53867,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53869,7451],{"class":55},[49,53871,60],{"class":59},[49,53873,3296],{"class":63},[49,53875,2659],{"class":80},[49,53877,84],{"class":63},[49,53879,97],{"class":80},[49,53881,84],{"class":63},[49,53883,2120],{"class":80},[49,53885,3309],{"class":63},[49,53887,53888,53890,53892,53894],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,53889,7482],{"class":55},[49,53891,109],{"class":63},[49,53893,113],{"class":112},[49,53895,116],{"class":63},[49,53897,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,53899,123],{"class":122},[49,53901,126],{"class":63},[49,53903,7482],{"class":112},[49,53905,131],{"class":63},[49,53907,53908],{"class":134},"  # []\n",[20,53910,1762,53911,53913],{},[15,53912,17],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[35,53915,144,53917,147],{"id":53916},"what-listclear-does",[15,53918,53851],{},[20,53920,53921,77],{},[15,53922,53851],{},[155,53924,53925,53928,53931,53936],{},[158,53926,53927],{},"Removes every item from a list",[158,53929,53930],{},"Changes the original list in place",[158,53932,53933,53934],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53935,3460],{},[158,53937,53938],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53940,53941,53942,53944],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53943,17],{},", but it contains no values.",[35,53946,189],{"id":188},[20,53948,53949],{},"Syntax:",[40,53951,53953],{"className":42,"code":53952,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53954,53955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53956,53957,53959,53961,53963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53958,8013],{"class":55},[49,53960,109],{"class":63},[49,53962,113],{"class":112},[49,53964,116],{"class":63},[20,53966,208],{},[155,53968,53969,53972,53975],{},[158,53970,53971],{},"Call it on a list object",[158,53973,53974],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[158,53976,53977],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[35,53979,225],{"id":224},[20,53981,228],{},[40,53983,53985],{"className":42,"code":53984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53986,53987,54011,54015,54025,54029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53988,53989,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53990,3291],{"class":55},[49,53992,60],{"class":59},[49,53994,3296],{"class":63},[49,53996,1999],{"class":80},[49,53998,84],{"class":63},[49,54000,7462],{"class":80},[49,54002,84],{"class":63},[49,54004,7467],{"class":80},[49,54006,84],{"class":63},[49,54008,50344],{"class":80},[49,54010,3309],{"class":63},[49,54012,54013],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54014,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54016,54017,54019,54021,54023],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54018,3323],{"class":55},[49,54020,109],{"class":63},[49,54022,113],{"class":112},[49,54024,116],{"class":63},[49,54026,54027],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54028,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54030,54031,54033,54035,54037],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,54032,123],{"class":122},[49,54034,126],{"class":63},[49,54036,3323],{"class":112},[49,54038,335],{"class":63},[20,54040,573],{},[40,54042,54043],{"className":42,"code":37792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54044,54045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54046,54047],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54048,37792],{"class":63},[20,54050,453],{},[155,54052,54053,54058,54064],{},[158,54054,54055,54057],{},[15,54056,3323],{}," starts with four items",[158,54059,54060,54063],{},[15,54061,54062],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[158,54065,54066],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54068,54069,54070,109],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[72,54071,52273],{"href":54072},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[35,54074,16900],{"id":16899},[20,54076,54077,480,54079,109],{},[15,54078,17],{},[15,54080,169],{},[20,54082,40402,54083,52169],{},[30,54084,600],{},[40,54086,54088],{"className":42,"code":54087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54089,54090,54122,54126,54140,54144,54157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54091,54092,54094,54096,54098,54100,54102,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118,54120],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54093,7451],{"class":55},[49,54095,60],{"class":59},[49,54097,3296],{"class":63},[49,54099,68],{"class":67},[49,54101,72],{"class":71},[49,54103,68],{"class":67},[49,54105,84],{"class":63},[49,54107,87],{"class":67},[49,54109,90],{"class":71},[49,54111,68],{"class":67},[49,54113,84],{"class":63},[49,54115,87],{"class":67},[49,54117,9406],{"class":71},[49,54119,68],{"class":67},[49,54121,3309],{"class":63},[49,54123,54124],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54125,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54127,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54129,534],{"class":55},[49,54131,60],{"class":59},[49,54133,5638],{"class":55},[49,54135,109],{"class":63},[49,54137,113],{"class":112},[49,54139,116],{"class":63},[49,54141,54142],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54143,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54145,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,54147,123],{"class":122},[49,54149,126],{"class":63},[49,54151,7482],{"class":112},[49,54153,131],{"class":63},[49,54155,54156],{"class":134},"   # []\n",[49,54158,54159,54161,54163,54165,54167],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,54160,123],{"class":122},[49,54162,126],{"class":63},[49,54164,558],{"class":112},[49,54166,131],{"class":63},[49,54168,20359],{"class":134},[20,54170,54171],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[40,54173,54175],{"className":42,"code":54174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54176,54177,54197,54211],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54178,54179,54181,54183,54185,54187,54189,54191,54193,54195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54180,7451],{"class":55},[49,54182,60],{"class":59},[49,54184,3296],{"class":63},[49,54186,2659],{"class":80},[49,54188,84],{"class":63},[49,54190,97],{"class":80},[49,54192,84],{"class":63},[49,54194,2120],{"class":80},[49,54196,3309],{"class":63},[49,54198,54199,54201,54203,54205,54207,54209],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54200,7451],{"class":55},[49,54202,60],{"class":59},[49,54204,5638],{"class":55},[49,54206,109],{"class":63},[49,54208,113],{"class":112},[49,54210,116],{"class":63},[49,54212,54213,54215,54217,54219],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54214,123],{"class":122},[49,54216,126],{"class":63},[49,54218,7482],{"class":112},[49,54220,335],{"class":63},[20,54222,695,54223,41652,54225,54227],{},[15,54224,7482],{},[15,54226,169],{},", not an empty list.",[35,54229,54231,54233,54234],{"id":54230},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54232,17],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54235,3460],{},[20,54237,54238],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[40,54240,54241],{"className":42,"code":53952,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54242,54243],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54244,54245,54247,54249,54251],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54246,8013],{"class":55},[49,54248,109],{"class":63},[49,54250,113],{"class":112},[49,54252,116],{"class":63},[40,54254,54256],{"className":42,"code":54255,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n",[15,54257,54258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54259,54260,54262,54264],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54261,7982],{"class":55},[49,54263,60],{"class":59},[49,54265,7511],{"class":63},[591,54267,54269,54271],{"id":54268},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54270,17],{}," empties the same list object",[40,54273,54275],{"className":42,"code":54274,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54276,54277,54297,54305,54309,54319,54323,54335],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54278,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289,54291,54293,54295],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54280,2224],{"class":55},[49,54282,60],{"class":59},[49,54284,3296],{"class":63},[49,54286,2659],{"class":80},[49,54288,84],{"class":63},[49,54290,97],{"class":80},[49,54292,84],{"class":63},[49,54294,2120],{"class":80},[49,54296,3309],{"class":63},[49,54298,54299,54301,54303],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54300,2252],{"class":55},[49,54302,60],{"class":59},[49,54304,35668],{"class":55},[49,54306,54307],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54308,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54310,54311,54313,54315,54317],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54312,72],{"class":55},[49,54314,109],{"class":63},[49,54316,113],{"class":112},[49,54318,116],{"class":63},[49,54320,54321],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,54322,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54324,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,54326,123],{"class":122},[49,54328,126],{"class":63},[49,54330,72],{"class":112},[49,54332,131],{"class":63},[49,54334,53908],{"class":134},[49,54336,54337,54339,54341,54343,54345],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,54338,123],{"class":122},[49,54340,126],{"class":63},[49,54342,90],{"class":112},[49,54344,131],{"class":63},[49,54346,53908],{"class":134},[20,54348,10254,54349,1017,54351,54353],{},[15,54350,72],{},[15,54352,90],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[591,54355,54357,54360],{"id":54356},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54358,54359],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[40,54362,54364],{"className":42,"code":54363,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54365,54366,54386,54394,54398,54406,54410,54422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54367,54368,54370,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54369,2224],{"class":55},[49,54371,60],{"class":59},[49,54373,3296],{"class":63},[49,54375,2659],{"class":80},[49,54377,84],{"class":63},[49,54379,97],{"class":80},[49,54381,84],{"class":63},[49,54383,2120],{"class":80},[49,54385,3309],{"class":63},[49,54387,54388,54390,54392],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54389,2252],{"class":55},[49,54391,60],{"class":59},[49,54393,35668],{"class":55},[49,54395,54396],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54397,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54399,54400,54402,54404],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54401,2224],{"class":55},[49,54403,60],{"class":59},[49,54405,7511],{"class":63},[49,54407,54408],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,54409,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54411,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,54413,123],{"class":122},[49,54415,126],{"class":63},[49,54417,72],{"class":112},[49,54419,131],{"class":63},[49,54421,53908],{"class":134},[49,54423,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,54425,123],{"class":122},[49,54427,126],{"class":63},[49,54429,90],{"class":112},[49,54431,131],{"class":63},[49,54433,54434],{"class":134},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54436,20254,54437,54439,54440,54442],{},[15,54438,72],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54441,90],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54444,54445],{},"This difference matters when:",[155,54447,54448,54451,54454],{},[158,54449,54450],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[158,54452,54453],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[158,54455,54456],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54458,54459,54460,109],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[72,54461,54463,54464,1571],{"href":54462},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54465,1585],{},[35,54467,1223,54468],{"id":1222},[15,54469,17],{},[20,54471,1762,54472,5991],{},[15,54473,17],{},[155,54475,54476,54479,54482],{},[158,54477,54478],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[158,54480,54481],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[158,54483,54484],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54486,1244],{},[40,54488,54490],{"className":42,"code":54489,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54491,54492,54528,54532,54537,54548,54552],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54493,54494,54497,54499,54501,54503,54506,54508,54510,54512,54515,54517,54519,54521,54524,54526],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54495,54496],{"class":55},"shopping_cart ",[49,54498,60],{"class":59},[49,54500,3296],{"class":63},[49,54502,68],{"class":67},[49,54504,54505],{"class":71},"milk",[49,54507,68],{"class":67},[49,54509,84],{"class":63},[49,54511,87],{"class":67},[49,54513,54514],{"class":71},"bread",[49,54516,68],{"class":67},[49,54518,84],{"class":63},[49,54520,87],{"class":67},[49,54522,54523],{"class":71},"eggs",[49,54525,68],{"class":67},[49,54527,3309],{"class":63},[49,54529,54530],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54531,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54533,54534],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54535,54536],{"class":134},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[49,54538,54539,54542,54544,54546],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54540,54541],{"class":55},"shopping_cart",[49,54543,109],{"class":63},[49,54545,113],{"class":112},[49,54547,116],{"class":63},[49,54549,54550],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,54551,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54553,54554,54556,54558,54560,54562],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,54555,123],{"class":122},[49,54557,126],{"class":63},[49,54559,54541],{"class":112},[49,54561,131],{"class":63},[49,54563,53908],{"class":134},[20,54565,54566,54567,54571,54572,54578,54579,109],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[72,54568,54570],{"href":54569},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[72,54573,54575,1571],{"href":54574},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54576,54577],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[72,54580,54582,1571],{"href":54581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54583,54584],{},"list.pop()",[35,54586,4192],{"id":4191},[591,54588,54590,54591,10754,54594],{"id":54589},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54592,54593],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54595,54596],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54598,54599],{},"This does not call the method.",[40,54601,54603],{"className":42,"code":54602,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54604,54605,54625,54629,54638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54606,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621,54623],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54608,7451],{"class":55},[49,54610,60],{"class":59},[49,54612,3296],{"class":63},[49,54614,2659],{"class":80},[49,54616,84],{"class":63},[49,54618,97],{"class":80},[49,54620,84],{"class":63},[49,54622,2120],{"class":80},[49,54624,3309],{"class":63},[49,54626,54627],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54628,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54630,54631,54633,54635],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54632,7482],{"class":55},[49,54634,109],{"class":63},[49,54636,54637],{"class":24235},"clear\n",[49,54639,54640,54642,54644,54646],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54641,123],{"class":122},[49,54643,126],{"class":63},[49,54645,7482],{"class":112},[49,54647,335],{"class":63},[20,54649,573],{},[40,54651,54653],{"className":42,"code":54652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54654,54655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54656,54657,54659,54661,54663,54665,54667,54669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54658,3573],{"class":63},[49,54660,2659],{"class":80},[49,54662,84],{"class":63},[49,54664,97],{"class":80},[49,54666,84],{"class":63},[49,54668,2120],{"class":80},[49,54670,3309],{"class":63},[20,54672,54673],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54675,10469],{},[40,54677,54679],{"className":42,"code":54678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54680,54681,54701,54705,54715],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54682,54683,54685,54687,54689,54691,54693,54695,54697,54699],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54684,7451],{"class":55},[49,54686,60],{"class":59},[49,54688,3296],{"class":63},[49,54690,2659],{"class":80},[49,54692,84],{"class":63},[49,54694,97],{"class":80},[49,54696,84],{"class":63},[49,54698,2120],{"class":80},[49,54700,3309],{"class":63},[49,54702,54703],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54704,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54706,54707,54709,54711,54713],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54708,7482],{"class":55},[49,54710,109],{"class":63},[49,54712,113],{"class":112},[49,54714,116],{"class":63},[49,54716,54717,54719,54721,54723,54725],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54718,123],{"class":122},[49,54720,126],{"class":63},[49,54722,7482],{"class":112},[49,54724,131],{"class":63},[49,54726,53908],{"class":134},[591,54728,1392,54730,54732],{"id":54729},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54731,17],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54734,54735,480,54737,54739],{},[15,54736,17],{},[15,54738,169],{},", not the list.",[40,54741,54743],{"className":42,"code":54742,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54744,54745,54765,54779,54783,54795],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54746,54747,54749,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54748,7451],{"class":55},[49,54750,60],{"class":59},[49,54752,3296],{"class":63},[49,54754,2659],{"class":80},[49,54756,84],{"class":63},[49,54758,97],{"class":80},[49,54760,84],{"class":63},[49,54762,2120],{"class":80},[49,54764,3309],{"class":63},[49,54766,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775,54777],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54768,534],{"class":55},[49,54770,60],{"class":59},[49,54772,5638],{"class":55},[49,54774,109],{"class":63},[49,54776,113],{"class":112},[49,54778,116],{"class":63},[49,54780,54781],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54782,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,54784,54785,54787,54789,54791,54793],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54786,123],{"class":122},[49,54788,126],{"class":63},[49,54790,558],{"class":112},[49,54792,131],{"class":63},[49,54794,20359],{"class":134},[49,54796,54797,54799,54801,54803,54805],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,54798,123],{"class":122},[49,54800,126],{"class":63},[49,54802,7482],{"class":112},[49,54804,131],{"class":63},[49,54806,54156],{"class":134},[591,54808,8092,54810,54812],{"id":54809},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54811,17],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54814,54815,54816,54818],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54817,17],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54820,54821],{},"This will fail:",[40,54823,54825],{"className":42,"code":54824,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54826,54827,54839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54828,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54830,34178],{"class":55},[49,54832,60],{"class":59},[49,54834,87],{"class":67},[49,54836,3518],{"class":71},[49,54838,301],{"class":67},[49,54840,54841,54843,54845,54847],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54842,34199],{"class":55},[49,54844,109],{"class":63},[49,54846,113],{"class":112},[49,54848,116],{"class":63},[20,54850,54851,54852,33090],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54853,17],{},[20,54855,54856,54857,54859],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54858,169],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54861,54862],{},"Useful checks:",[40,54864,54866],{"className":42,"code":54865,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54867,54868,54878,54892,54906,54915,54925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54869,54870,54872,54874,54876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54871,123],{"class":122},[49,54873,126],{"class":63},[49,54875,8013],{"class":112},[49,54877,335],{"class":63},[49,54879,54880,54882,54884,54886,54888,54890],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,54881,123],{"class":122},[49,54883,126],{"class":63},[49,54885,1429],{"class":1428},[49,54887,126],{"class":63},[49,54889,8013],{"class":112},[49,54891,1436],{"class":63},[49,54893,54894,54896,54898,54900,54902,54904],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,54895,123],{"class":122},[49,54897,126],{"class":63},[49,54899,1445],{"class":122},[49,54901,126],{"class":63},[49,54903,8013],{"class":112},[49,54905,1436],{"class":63},[49,54907,54908,54910,54912],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,54909,43047],{"class":55},[49,54911,60],{"class":59},[49,54913,54914],{"class":55}," my_list\n",[49,54916,54917,54919,54921,54923],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,54918,8013],{"class":55},[49,54920,109],{"class":63},[49,54922,113],{"class":112},[49,54924,116],{"class":63},[49,54926,54927,54929,54931,54933],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,54928,123],{"class":122},[49,54930,126],{"class":63},[49,54932,30231],{"class":112},[49,54934,335],{"class":63},[20,54936,54937],{},"These can help you see:",[155,54939,54940,54943,54946],{},[158,54941,54942],{},"What the variable currently contains",[158,54944,54945],{},"Whether it is really a list",[158,54947,54948],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54950,54951,54952,109],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[72,54953,54954],{"href":53798},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[35,54956,1498],{"id":1497},[591,54958,1502,54960,54962],{"id":54959},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54961,53851],{}," delete the list?",[20,54964,54965],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[591,54967,1502,54969,54971],{"id":54968},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,54970,53851],{}," return a new list?",[20,54973,54974,54975,54977],{},"No. It returns ",[15,54976,169],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[591,54979,1524,54981,1017,54983,1529],{"id":54980},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,54982,17],{},[15,54984,54359],{},[20,54986,54987,54989,54990,54992],{},[15,54988,17],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,54991,54359],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[591,54994,27815,54996,54998],{"id":54995},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,54997,17],{}," on other types?",[20,55000,55001,55002,55004],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55003,17],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[35,55006,1550],{"id":1549},[155,55008,55009,55013,55018,55025,55032,55038],{},[158,55010,55011],{},[72,55012,52273],{"href":54072},[158,55014,55015],{},[72,55016,55017],{"href":54569},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[158,55019,55020],{},[72,55021,55022,55023,1571],{"href":54581},"Python list ",[15,55024,1570],{},[158,55026,55027],{},[72,55028,55022,55029,1571],{"href":54574},[15,55030,55031],{},"remove()",[158,55033,55034],{},[72,55035,55022,55036,1571],{"href":54462},[15,55037,1585],{},[158,55039,55040],{},[72,55041,29835,55042,33123],{"href":53798},[15,55043,55044],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1597,55046,55047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":55049},[55050,55051,55053,55054,55055,55056,55063,55064,55072,55082],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":53916,"depth":103,"text":55052},"What list.clear() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":54230,"depth":103,"text":55057,"children":55058},"clear() vs assigning []",[55059,55061],{"id":54268,"depth":119,"text":55060},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54356,"depth":119,"text":55062},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":1222,"depth":103,"text":1618},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":55065},[55066,55068,55070],{"id":54589,"depth":119,"text":55067},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54729,"depth":119,"text":55069},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54809,"depth":119,"text":55071},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":55073},[55074,55076,55078,55080],{"id":54959,"depth":119,"text":55075},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54968,"depth":119,"text":55077},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54980,"depth":119,"text":55079},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54995,"depth":119,"text":55081},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53838,"description":55083},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55090,"title":55091,"body":55092,"description":56777,"extension":1632,"meta":56778,"navigation":312,"path":56779,"seo":56780,"stem":56781,"__hash__":56782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55093,"toc":56745},[55094,55099,55105,55113,55115,55204,55211,55216,55220,55234,55236,55313,55315,55376,55379,55381,55383,55404,55407,55421,55424,55469,55471,55479,55482,55488,55494,55497,55574,55576,55621,55624,55629,55712,55714,55755,55760,55764,55770,55772,55780,55783,55876,55878,55936,55939,55955,55960,55970,55975,55977,55982,55987,55990,55992,56049,56052,56105,56111,56116,56120,56137,56139,56223,56225,56266,56274,56276,56281,56287,56289,56352,56357,56427,56431,56466,56469,56471,56510,56514,56590,56596,56602,56607,56629,56632,56651,56659,56661,56667,56670,56677,56685,56690,56693,56697,56703,56711,56714,56716,56742],[10,55095,53844,55097,18],{"id":55096},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55098,1585],{},[20,55100,55101,55104],{},[15,55102,55103],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55106,55107,55108,13532,55110,55112],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55109,60],{},[30,55111,600],{}," make a real copy.",[35,55114,38],{"id":37},[40,55116,55118],{"className":42,"code":55117,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55119,55120,55140,55155,55159,55174,55178,55191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55121,55122,55124,55126,55128,55130,55132,55134,55136,55138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55123,3291],{"class":55},[49,55125,60],{"class":59},[49,55127,3296],{"class":63},[49,55129,2659],{"class":80},[49,55131,84],{"class":63},[49,55133,97],{"class":80},[49,55135,84],{"class":63},[49,55137,2120],{"class":80},[49,55139,3309],{"class":63},[49,55141,55142,55145,55147,55149,55151,55153],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55143,55144],{"class":55},"new_numbers ",[49,55146,60],{"class":59},[49,55148,3936],{"class":55},[49,55150,109],{"class":63},[49,55152,12388],{"class":112},[49,55154,116],{"class":63},[49,55156,55157],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,55158,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55160,55161,55164,55166,55168,55170,55172],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,55162,55163],{"class":55},"new_numbers",[49,55165,109],{"class":63},[49,55167,13031],{"class":112},[49,55169,126],{"class":63},[49,55171,2174],{"class":80},[49,55173,335],{"class":63},[49,55175,55176],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,55177,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55179,55180,55182,55184,55186,55188],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,55181,123],{"class":122},[49,55183,126],{"class":63},[49,55185,3323],{"class":112},[49,55187,131],{"class":63},[49,55189,55190],{"class":134},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,55192,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,55194,123],{"class":122},[49,55196,126],{"class":63},[49,55198,55163],{"class":112},[49,55200,131],{"class":63},[49,55202,55203],{"class":134},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55205,1762,55206,55208,55209,109],{},[15,55207,55103],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[30,55210,12327],{},[35,55212,144,55214,147],{"id":55213},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55215,55103],{},[20,55217,55218,77],{},[15,55219,55103],{},[155,55221,55222,55225,55228,55231],{},[158,55223,55224],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[158,55226,55227],{},"Returns that new list",[158,55229,55230],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[158,55232,55233],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55235,1244],{},[40,55237,55239],{"className":42,"code":55238,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55240,55241,55273,55288,55292,55302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55242,55243,55245,55247,55249,55251,55253,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55244,35732],{"class":55},[49,55246,60],{"class":59},[49,55248,3296],{"class":63},[49,55250,68],{"class":67},[49,55252,3751],{"class":71},[49,55254,68],{"class":67},[49,55256,84],{"class":63},[49,55258,87],{"class":67},[49,55260,3760],{"class":71},[49,55262,68],{"class":67},[49,55264,84],{"class":63},[49,55266,87],{"class":67},[49,55268,32710],{"class":71},[49,55270,68],{"class":67},[49,55272,3309],{"class":63},[49,55274,55275,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55276,55277],{"class":55},"copied_fruits ",[49,55279,60],{"class":59},[49,55281,52353],{"class":55},[49,55283,109],{"class":63},[49,55285,12388],{"class":112},[49,55287,116],{"class":63},[49,55289,55290],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,55291,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55293,55294,55296,55298,55300],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,55295,123],{"class":122},[49,55297,126],{"class":63},[49,55299,35784],{"class":112},[49,55301,335],{"class":63},[49,55303,55304,55306,55308,55311],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,55305,123],{"class":122},[49,55307,126],{"class":63},[49,55309,55310],{"class":112},"copied_fruits",[49,55312,335],{"class":63},[20,55314,573],{},[40,55316,55318],{"className":42,"code":55317,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55319,55320,55348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55321,55322,55324,55326,55328,55330,55332,55334,55336,55338,55340,55342,55344,55346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55323,3573],{"class":63},[49,55325,397],{"class":67},[49,55327,3751],{"class":71},[49,55329,397],{"class":67},[49,55331,84],{"class":63},[49,55333,406],{"class":67},[49,55335,3760],{"class":71},[49,55337,397],{"class":67},[49,55339,84],{"class":63},[49,55341,406],{"class":67},[49,55343,32710],{"class":71},[49,55345,397],{"class":67},[49,55347,3309],{"class":63},[49,55349,55350,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360,55362,55364,55366,55368,55370,55372,55374],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55351,3573],{"class":63},[49,55353,397],{"class":67},[49,55355,3751],{"class":71},[49,55357,397],{"class":67},[49,55359,84],{"class":63},[49,55361,406],{"class":67},[49,55363,3760],{"class":71},[49,55365,397],{"class":67},[49,55367,84],{"class":63},[49,55369,406],{"class":67},[49,55371,32710],{"class":71},[49,55373,397],{"class":67},[49,55375,3309],{"class":63},[20,55377,55378],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[35,55380,189],{"id":188},[20,55382,1830],{},[40,55384,55386],{"className":42,"code":55385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55387,55388],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55389,55390,55393,55395,55398,55400,55402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55391,55392],{"class":55},"new_list ",[49,55394,60],{"class":59},[49,55396,55397],{"class":55}," old_list",[49,55399,109],{"class":63},[49,55401,12388],{"class":112},[49,55403,116],{"class":63},[20,55405,55406],{},"How it works:",[155,55408,55409,55415,55418],{},[158,55410,55411,55412,55414],{},"Call ",[15,55413,1585],{}," on an existing list",[158,55416,55417],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[158,55419,55420],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55422,55423],{},"Example with an empty list:",[40,55425,55427],{"className":42,"code":55426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55428,55429,55438,55454,55458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55430,55431,55434,55436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55432,55433],{"class":55},"empty_list ",[49,55435,60],{"class":59},[49,55437,7511],{"class":63},[49,55439,55440,55443,55445,55448,55450,55452],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55441,55442],{"class":55},"new_empty_list ",[49,55444,60],{"class":59},[49,55446,55447],{"class":55}," empty_list",[49,55449,109],{"class":63},[49,55451,12388],{"class":112},[49,55453,116],{"class":63},[49,55455,55456],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,55457,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55459,55460,55462,55464,55467],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,55461,123],{"class":122},[49,55463,126],{"class":63},[49,55465,55466],{"class":112},"new_empty_list",[49,55468,335],{"class":63},[20,55470,573],{},[40,55472,55473],{"className":42,"code":37792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,55474,55475],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55476,55477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55478,37792],{"class":63},[20,55480,55481],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[35,55483,55485,55486],{"id":55484},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55487,60],{},[20,55489,8092,55490,13532,55492,52169],{},[15,55491,60],{},[30,55493,600],{},[20,55495,55496],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[40,55498,55500],{"className":42,"code":55499,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55501,55502,55522,55531,55535,55550,55554,55564],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55503,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512,55514,55516,55518,55520],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55505,3291],{"class":55},[49,55507,60],{"class":59},[49,55509,3296],{"class":63},[49,55511,2659],{"class":80},[49,55513,84],{"class":63},[49,55515,97],{"class":80},[49,55517,84],{"class":63},[49,55519,2120],{"class":80},[49,55521,3309],{"class":63},[49,55523,55524,55527,55529],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55525,55526],{"class":55},"same_list ",[49,55528,60],{"class":59},[49,55530,43480],{"class":55},[49,55532,55533],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,55534,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55536,55537,55540,55542,55544,55546,55548],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,55538,55539],{"class":55},"same_list",[49,55541,109],{"class":63},[49,55543,13031],{"class":112},[49,55545,126],{"class":63},[49,55547,2174],{"class":80},[49,55549,335],{"class":63},[49,55551,55552],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,55553,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55555,55556,55558,55560,55562],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,55557,123],{"class":122},[49,55559,126],{"class":63},[49,55561,3323],{"class":112},[49,55563,335],{"class":63},[49,55565,55566,55568,55570,55572],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,55567,123],{"class":122},[49,55569,126],{"class":63},[49,55571,55539],{"class":112},[49,55573,335],{"class":63},[20,55575,573],{},[40,55577,55579],{"className":42,"code":55578,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55580,55581,55601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55582,55583,55585,55587,55589,55591,55593,55595,55597,55599],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55584,3573],{"class":63},[49,55586,2659],{"class":80},[49,55588,84],{"class":63},[49,55590,97],{"class":80},[49,55592,84],{"class":63},[49,55594,2120],{"class":80},[49,55596,84],{"class":63},[49,55598,2126],{"class":80},[49,55600,3309],{"class":63},[49,55602,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613,55615,55617,55619],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55604,3573],{"class":63},[49,55606,2659],{"class":80},[49,55608,84],{"class":63},[49,55610,97],{"class":80},[49,55612,84],{"class":63},[49,55614,2120],{"class":80},[49,55616,84],{"class":63},[49,55618,2126],{"class":80},[49,55620,3309],{"class":63},[20,55622,55623],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55625,55626,55627,77],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55628,1585],{},[40,55630,55632],{"className":42,"code":55631,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55633,55634,55654,55669,55673,55688,55692,55702],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55635,55636,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55637,3291],{"class":55},[49,55639,60],{"class":59},[49,55641,3296],{"class":63},[49,55643,2659],{"class":80},[49,55645,84],{"class":63},[49,55647,97],{"class":80},[49,55649,84],{"class":63},[49,55651,2120],{"class":80},[49,55653,3309],{"class":63},[49,55655,55656,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55657,55658],{"class":55},"copied_numbers ",[49,55660,60],{"class":59},[49,55662,3936],{"class":55},[49,55664,109],{"class":63},[49,55666,12388],{"class":112},[49,55668,116],{"class":63},[49,55670,55671],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,55672,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55674,55675,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,55676,55677],{"class":55},"copied_numbers",[49,55679,109],{"class":63},[49,55681,13031],{"class":112},[49,55683,126],{"class":63},[49,55685,2174],{"class":80},[49,55687,335],{"class":63},[49,55689,55690],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,55691,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55693,55694,55696,55698,55700],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,55695,123],{"class":122},[49,55697,126],{"class":63},[49,55699,3323],{"class":112},[49,55701,335],{"class":63},[49,55703,55704,55706,55708,55710],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,55705,123],{"class":122},[49,55707,126],{"class":63},[49,55709,55677],{"class":112},[49,55711,335],{"class":63},[20,55713,573],{},[40,55715,55717],{"className":42,"code":55716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55718,55719,55735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55720,55721,55723,55725,55727,55729,55731,55733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55722,3573],{"class":63},[49,55724,2659],{"class":80},[49,55726,84],{"class":63},[49,55728,97],{"class":80},[49,55730,84],{"class":63},[49,55732,2120],{"class":80},[49,55734,3309],{"class":63},[49,55736,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55738,3573],{"class":63},[49,55740,2659],{"class":80},[49,55742,84],{"class":63},[49,55744,97],{"class":80},[49,55746,84],{"class":63},[49,55748,2120],{"class":80},[49,55750,84],{"class":63},[49,55752,2126],{"class":80},[49,55754,3309],{"class":63},[20,55756,55757,55758,109],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[72,55759,52273],{"href":50480},[35,55761,55763],{"id":55762},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55765,55766,12324,55768,109],{},[15,55767,55103],{},[30,55769,12327],{},[20,55771,1777],{},[155,55773,55774,55777],{},[158,55775,55776],{},"The outer list is new",[158,55778,55779],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55781,55782],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[40,55784,55786],{"className":42,"code":55785,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55787,55788,55815,55829,55833,55852,55856,55866],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55789,55790,55792,55794,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55791,865],{"class":55},[49,55793,60],{"class":59},[49,55795,55796],{"class":63}," [[",[49,55798,2659],{"class":80},[49,55800,84],{"class":63},[49,55802,97],{"class":80},[49,55804,17544],{"class":63},[49,55806,3296],{"class":63},[49,55808,1731],{"class":80},[49,55810,84],{"class":63},[49,55812,2126],{"class":80},[49,55814,52744],{"class":63},[49,55816,55817,55819,55821,55823,55825,55827],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55818,13790],{"class":55},[49,55820,60],{"class":59},[49,55822,940],{"class":55},[49,55824,109],{"class":63},[49,55826,12388],{"class":112},[49,55828,116],{"class":63},[49,55830,55831],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,55832,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55834,55835,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847,55850],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,55836,13809],{"class":55},[49,55838,3573],{"class":63},[49,55840,1790],{"class":80},[49,55842,13028],{"class":63},[49,55844,13031],{"class":112},[49,55846,126],{"class":63},[49,55848,55849],{"class":80},"99",[49,55851,335],{"class":63},[49,55853,55854],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,55855,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,55857,55858,55860,55862,55864],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,55859,123],{"class":122},[49,55861,126],{"class":63},[49,55863,912],{"class":112},[49,55865,335],{"class":63},[49,55867,55868,55870,55872,55874],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,55869,123],{"class":122},[49,55871,126],{"class":63},[49,55873,13809],{"class":112},[49,55875,335],{"class":63},[20,55877,573],{},[40,55879,55881],{"className":42,"code":55880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55882,55883,55910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55884,55885,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55886,55887],{"class":63},"[[",[49,55889,2659],{"class":80},[49,55891,84],{"class":63},[49,55893,97],{"class":80},[49,55895,84],{"class":63},[49,55897,9862],{"class":80},[49,55899,17544],{"class":63},[49,55901,3296],{"class":63},[49,55903,1731],{"class":80},[49,55905,84],{"class":63},[49,55907,2126],{"class":80},[49,55909,52744],{"class":63},[49,55911,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,55913,55887],{"class":63},[49,55915,2659],{"class":80},[49,55917,84],{"class":63},[49,55919,97],{"class":80},[49,55921,84],{"class":63},[49,55923,9862],{"class":80},[49,55925,17544],{"class":63},[49,55927,3296],{"class":63},[49,55929,1731],{"class":80},[49,55931,84],{"class":63},[49,55933,2126],{"class":80},[49,55935,52744],{"class":63},[20,55937,55938],{},"Why did both change?",[155,55940,55941,55948],{},[158,55942,55943,1017,55945,55947],{},[15,55944,912],{},[15,55946,13809],{}," are different outer lists",[158,55949,55950,55951,55954],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55952,55953],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55956,53155,55957,55959],{},[15,55958,1585],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[155,55961,55962,55965,55968],{},[158,55963,55964],{},"Numbers",[158,55966,55967],{},"Strings",[158,55969,40091],{},[20,55971,55972,55973,109],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[72,55974,13269],{"href":13268},[35,55976,16900],{"id":16899},[20,55978,55979,55981],{},[15,55980,55103],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55983,40402,55984,55986],{},[30,55985,600],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55988,55989],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55991,16136],{},[40,55993,55995],{"className":42,"code":55994,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55996,55997,56021,56035,56039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55998,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56000,12553],{"class":55},[49,56002,60],{"class":59},[49,56004,3296],{"class":63},[49,56006,68],{"class":67},[49,56008,12570],{"class":71},[49,56010,68],{"class":67},[49,56012,84],{"class":63},[49,56014,87],{"class":67},[49,56016,12587],{"class":71},[49,56018,68],{"class":67},[49,56020,3309],{"class":63},[49,56022,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56024,12596],{"class":55},[49,56026,60],{"class":59},[49,56028,12601],{"class":55},[49,56030,109],{"class":63},[49,56032,12388],{"class":112},[49,56034,116],{"class":63},[49,56036,56037],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,56038,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,56040,56041,56043,56045,56047],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,56042,123],{"class":122},[49,56044,126],{"class":63},[49,56046,12620],{"class":112},[49,56048,335],{"class":63},[20,56050,56051],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[40,56053,56055],{"className":42,"code":56054,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56056,56057,56081,56091,56095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56058,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56060,12553],{"class":55},[49,56062,60],{"class":59},[49,56064,3296],{"class":63},[49,56066,68],{"class":67},[49,56068,12570],{"class":71},[49,56070,68],{"class":67},[49,56072,84],{"class":63},[49,56074,87],{"class":67},[49,56076,12587],{"class":71},[49,56078,68],{"class":67},[49,56080,3309],{"class":63},[49,56082,56083,56085,56087,56089],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56084,16984],{"class":55},[49,56086,109],{"class":63},[49,56088,12388],{"class":112},[49,56090,116],{"class":63},[49,56092,56093],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,56094,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,56096,56097,56099,56101,56103],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,56098,123],{"class":122},[49,56100,126],{"class":63},[49,56102,16984],{"class":112},[49,56104,335],{"class":63},[20,56106,56107,56108,56110],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56109,1585],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[35,56112,1223,56114],{"id":56113},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56115,55103],{},[20,56117,1762,56118,10265],{},[15,56119,55103],{},[155,56121,56122,56125,56128,56131],{},[158,56123,56124],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[158,56126,56127],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[158,56129,56130],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[158,56132,56133,56134],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56135,56136],{},"[:]",[20,56138,1244],{},[40,56140,56142],{"className":42,"code":56141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56143,56144,56164,56179,56183,56198,56202,56212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56145,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158,56160,56162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56147,4737],{"class":55},[49,56149,60],{"class":59},[49,56151,3296],{"class":63},[49,56153,1999],{"class":80},[49,56155,84],{"class":63},[49,56157,7462],{"class":80},[49,56159,84],{"class":63},[49,56161,7467],{"class":80},[49,56163,3309],{"class":63},[49,56165,56166,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56167,56168],{"class":55},"backup_scores ",[49,56170,60],{"class":59},[49,56172,4784],{"class":55},[49,56174,109],{"class":63},[49,56176,12388],{"class":112},[49,56178,116],{"class":63},[49,56180,56181],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,56182,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,56184,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56196],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,56186,15869],{"class":55},[49,56188,109],{"class":63},[49,56190,13031],{"class":112},[49,56192,126],{"class":63},[49,56194,56195],{"class":80},"40",[49,56197,335],{"class":63},[49,56199,56200],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,56201,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,56203,56204,56206,56208,56210],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,56205,123],{"class":122},[49,56207,126],{"class":63},[49,56209,15869],{"class":112},[49,56211,335],{"class":63},[49,56213,56214,56216,56218,56221],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,56215,123],{"class":122},[49,56217,126],{"class":63},[49,56219,56220],{"class":112},"backup_scores",[49,56222,335],{"class":63},[20,56224,573],{},[40,56226,56228],{"className":42,"code":56227,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56229,56230,56250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56231,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244,56246,56248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56233,3573],{"class":63},[49,56235,1999],{"class":80},[49,56237,84],{"class":63},[49,56239,7462],{"class":80},[49,56241,84],{"class":63},[49,56243,7467],{"class":80},[49,56245,84],{"class":63},[49,56247,50344],{"class":80},[49,56249,3309],{"class":63},[49,56251,56252,56254,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56253,3573],{"class":63},[49,56255,1999],{"class":80},[49,56257,84],{"class":63},[49,56259,7462],{"class":80},[49,56261,84],{"class":63},[49,56263,7467],{"class":80},[49,56265,3309],{"class":63},[20,56267,56268,56269,109],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[72,56270,55022,56272,1571],{"href":56271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56273,52154],{},[35,56275,4192],{"id":4191},[20,56277,56278,56279,109],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56280,55103],{},[591,56282,8092,56284,56286],{"id":56283},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56285,60],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56288,38694],{},[40,56290,56292],{"className":42,"code":56291,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56293,56294,56314,56322,56336,56340],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56295,56296,56298,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56297,2224],{"class":55},[49,56299,60],{"class":59},[49,56301,3296],{"class":63},[49,56303,2659],{"class":80},[49,56305,84],{"class":63},[49,56307,97],{"class":80},[49,56309,84],{"class":63},[49,56311,2120],{"class":80},[49,56313,3309],{"class":63},[49,56315,56316,56318,56320],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56317,2252],{"class":55},[49,56319,60],{"class":59},[49,56321,35668],{"class":55},[49,56323,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,56325,90],{"class":55},[49,56327,109],{"class":63},[49,56329,13031],{"class":112},[49,56331,126],{"class":63},[49,56333,2174],{"class":80},[49,56335,335],{"class":63},[49,56337,56338],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,56339,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,56341,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,56343,123],{"class":122},[49,56345,126],{"class":63},[49,56347,72],{"class":112},[49,56349,131],{"class":63},[49,56351,55203],{"class":134},[20,56353,56354,56355,6301],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56356,1585],{},[40,56358,56360],{"className":42,"code":56359,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56361,56362,56382,56397,56411,56415],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56363,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56365,2224],{"class":55},[49,56367,60],{"class":59},[49,56369,3296],{"class":63},[49,56371,2659],{"class":80},[49,56373,84],{"class":63},[49,56375,97],{"class":80},[49,56377,84],{"class":63},[49,56379,2120],{"class":80},[49,56381,3309],{"class":63},[49,56383,56384,56386,56388,56391,56393,56395],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56385,2252],{"class":55},[49,56387,60],{"class":59},[49,56389,56390],{"class":55}," a",[49,56392,109],{"class":63},[49,56394,12388],{"class":112},[49,56396,116],{"class":63},[49,56398,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,56400,90],{"class":55},[49,56402,109],{"class":63},[49,56404,13031],{"class":112},[49,56406,126],{"class":63},[49,56408,2174],{"class":80},[49,56410,335],{"class":63},[49,56412,56413],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,56414,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,56416,56417,56419,56421,56423,56425],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,56418,123],{"class":122},[49,56420,126],{"class":63},[49,56422,72],{"class":112},[49,56424,131],{"class":63},[49,56426,54434],{"class":134},[591,56428,56430],{"id":56429},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[40,56432,56434],{"className":42,"code":56433,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56435,56436,56456],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56437,56438,56440,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450,56452,56454],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56439,3291],{"class":55},[49,56441,60],{"class":59},[49,56443,3296],{"class":63},[49,56445,2659],{"class":80},[49,56447,84],{"class":63},[49,56449,97],{"class":80},[49,56451,84],{"class":63},[49,56453,2120],{"class":80},[49,56455,3309],{"class":63},[49,56457,56458,56460,56462,56464],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56459,3323],{"class":55},[49,56461,109],{"class":63},[49,56463,12388],{"class":112},[49,56465,116],{"class":63},[20,56467,56468],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56470,38757],{},[40,56472,56474],{"className":42,"code":56473,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56475,56476,56496],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56477,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56479,3291],{"class":55},[49,56481,60],{"class":59},[49,56483,3296],{"class":63},[49,56485,2659],{"class":80},[49,56487,84],{"class":63},[49,56489,97],{"class":80},[49,56491,84],{"class":63},[49,56493,2120],{"class":80},[49,56495,3309],{"class":63},[49,56497,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56499,55658],{"class":55},[49,56501,60],{"class":59},[49,56503,3936],{"class":55},[49,56505,109],{"class":63},[49,56507,12388],{"class":112},[49,56509,116],{"class":63},[591,56511,56513],{"id":56512},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[40,56515,56517],{"className":42,"code":56516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56518,56519,56537,56551,56555,56573,56577],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56520,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56522,2224],{"class":55},[49,56524,60],{"class":59},[49,56526,55796],{"class":63},[49,56528,2659],{"class":80},[49,56530,17544],{"class":63},[49,56532,3296],{"class":63},[49,56534,1725],{"class":80},[49,56536,52744],{"class":63},[49,56538,56539,56541,56543,56545,56547,56549],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56540,2252],{"class":55},[49,56542,60],{"class":59},[49,56544,56390],{"class":55},[49,56546,109],{"class":63},[49,56548,12388],{"class":112},[49,56550,116],{"class":63},[49,56552,56553],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,56554,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,56556,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,56558,90],{"class":55},[49,56560,3573],{"class":63},[49,56562,1790],{"class":80},[49,56564,13028],{"class":63},[49,56566,13031],{"class":112},[49,56568,126],{"class":63},[49,56570,55849],{"class":80},[49,56572,335],{"class":63},[49,56574,56575],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,56576,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,56578,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,56580,123],{"class":122},[49,56582,126],{"class":63},[49,56584,72],{"class":112},[49,56586,131],{"class":63},[49,56588,56589],{"class":134},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56591,56592,56593,56595],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56594,55103],{}," is shallow.",[591,56597,25102,56599,56601],{"id":56598},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56600,1585],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56603,56604,56606],{},[15,56605,1585],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[40,56608,56610],{"className":42,"code":56609,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56611,56612,56624],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56613,56614,56616,56618,56620,56622],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56615,7549],{"class":55},[49,56617,60],{"class":59},[49,56619,87],{"class":67},[49,56621,4677],{"class":71},[49,56623,301],{"class":67},[49,56625,56626],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56627,56628],{"class":134},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56630,56631],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[40,56633,56635],{"className":42,"code":56634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56636,56637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56638,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56640,123],{"class":122},[49,56642,126],{"class":63},[49,56644,1429],{"class":1428},[49,56646,126],{"class":63},[49,56648,251],{"class":112},[49,56650,1436],{"class":63},[20,56652,56653,56654,56658],{},"You can also review ",[72,56655,56657],{"href":56656},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[35,56660,1498],{"id":1497},[591,56662,1502,56664,56666],{"id":56663},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56665,55103],{}," change the original list?",[20,56668,56669],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[591,56671,1524,56673,1017,56675,1529],{"id":56672},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56674,55103],{},[15,56676,60],{},[20,56678,56679,56681,56682,56684],{},[15,56680,1585],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56683,60],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[591,56686,14382,56688,14385],{"id":56687},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56689,55103],{},[20,56691,56692],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[591,56694,56696],{"id":56695},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56698,41649,56699,56702],{},[15,56700,56701],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[591,56704,14382,56706,56708,56709,1529],{"id":56705},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56707,55103],{}," the same as ",[15,56710,56136],{},[20,56712,56713],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[35,56715,1550],{"id":1549},[155,56717,56718,56723,56727,56732,56738],{},[158,56719,56720],{},[72,56721,14444],{"href":56722},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[158,56724,56725],{},[72,56726,52273],{"href":50480},[158,56728,56729],{},[72,56730,56731],{"href":56656},"Creating a list in Python",[158,56733,56734],{},[72,56735,55022,56736,1571],{"href":56271},[15,56737,52154],{},[158,56739,56740],{},[72,56741,13269],{"href":13268},[1597,56743,56744],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":56746},[56747,56748,56750,56751,56753,56754,56755,56757,56765,56776],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":55213,"depth":103,"text":56749},"What list.copy() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":55484,"depth":103,"text":56752},"Why not use =",{"id":55762,"depth":103,"text":55763},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":56113,"depth":103,"text":56756},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":56758},[56759,56761,56762,56763],{"id":56283,"depth":119,"text":56760},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56429,"depth":119,"text":56430},{"id":56512,"depth":119,"text":56513},{"id":56598,"depth":119,"text":56764},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":56766},[56767,56769,56771,56773,56774],{"id":56663,"depth":119,"text":56768},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56672,"depth":119,"text":56770},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56687,"depth":119,"text":56772},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56695,"depth":119,"text":56696},{"id":56705,"depth":119,"text":56775},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55091,"description":56777},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56784,"title":56785,"body":56786,"description":58528,"extension":1632,"meta":58529,"navigation":312,"path":58530,"seo":58531,"stem":58532,"__hash__":58533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56787,"toc":58487},[56788,56794,56800,56803,56814,56817,56819,56882,56888,56893,56897,56911,56914,56919,56924,56926,56928,56947,56959,56961,57028,57030,57038,57043,57045,57053,57056,57073,57075,57199,57210,57214,57219,57222,57224,57242,57246,57332,57341,57349,57418,57420,57423,57435,57440,57444,57515,57518,57522,57526,57591,57593,57601,57605,57688,57690,57698,57702,57763,57765,57773,57777,57864,57866,57874,57879,57884,57887,57898,57900,57985,57990,57999,58001,58005,58009,58014,58076,58080,58088,58094,58103,58108,58157,58160,58181,58185,58247,58254,58259,58262,58349,58352,58363,58366,58386,58388,58394,58397,58401,58405,58411,58414,58420,58427,58435,58446,58448,58484],[10,56789,53844,56791,18],{"id":56790},"python-list-count-method",[15,56792,56793],{},"count()",[20,56795,56796,56799],{},[15,56797,56798],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56801,56802],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[155,56804,56805,56808,56811],{},[158,56806,56807],{},"count one specific item",[158,56809,56810],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[158,56812,56813],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56815,56816],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[35,56818,3281],{"id":3280},[40,56820,56822],{"className":42,"code":56821,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56823,56824,56852,56870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56825,56826,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56827,3291],{"class":55},[49,56829,60],{"class":59},[49,56831,3296],{"class":63},[49,56833,2659],{"class":80},[49,56835,84],{"class":63},[49,56837,97],{"class":80},[49,56839,84],{"class":63},[49,56841,97],{"class":80},[49,56843,84],{"class":63},[49,56845,2120],{"class":80},[49,56847,84],{"class":63},[49,56849,97],{"class":80},[49,56851,3309],{"class":63},[49,56853,56854,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,56855,534],{"class":55},[49,56857,60],{"class":59},[49,56859,3936],{"class":55},[49,56861,109],{"class":63},[49,56863,40756],{"class":112},[49,56865,126],{"class":63},[49,56867,1725],{"class":80},[49,56869,335],{"class":63},[49,56871,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,56873,123],{"class":122},[49,56875,126],{"class":63},[49,56877,558],{"class":112},[49,56879,131],{"class":63},[49,56881,50271],{"class":134},[20,56883,1762,56884,56887],{},[15,56885,56886],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[35,56889,144,56891,147],{"id":56890},"what-listcount-does",[15,56892,56798],{},[20,56894,56895,77],{},[15,56896,56798],{},[155,56898,56899,56902,56905,56908],{},[158,56900,56901],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[158,56903,56904],{},"returns an integer",[158,56906,56907],{},"does not change the original list",[158,56909,56910],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56912,56913],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56915,56916,56917,109],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56918,1731],{},[20,56920,56921,56922,109],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56923,1790],{},[35,56925,189],{"id":188},[20,56927,1830],{},[40,56929,56931],{"className":42,"code":56930,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56932,56933],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56934,56935,56937,56939,56941,56943,56945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56936,8013],{"class":55},[49,56938,109],{"class":63},[49,56940,40756],{"class":112},[49,56942,126],{"class":63},[49,56944,2142],{"class":112},[49,56946,335],{"class":63},[155,56948,56949,56954],{},[158,56950,56951,56953],{},[15,56952,8013],{}," is the list you want to search",[158,56955,56956,56958],{},[15,56957,2142],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56960,1244],{},[40,56962,56964],{"className":42,"code":56963,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56965,56966,57006],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56967,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56969,35583],{"class":55},[49,56971,60],{"class":59},[49,56973,3296],{"class":63},[49,56975,68],{"class":67},[49,56977,72],{"class":71},[49,56979,68],{"class":67},[49,56981,84],{"class":63},[49,56983,87],{"class":67},[49,56985,90],{"class":71},[49,56987,68],{"class":67},[49,56989,84],{"class":63},[49,56991,87],{"class":67},[49,56993,72],{"class":71},[49,56995,68],{"class":67},[49,56997,84],{"class":63},[49,56999,87],{"class":67},[49,57001,9406],{"class":71},[49,57003,68],{"class":67},[49,57005,3309],{"class":63},[49,57007,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57009,123],{"class":122},[49,57011,126],{"class":63},[49,57013,35636],{"class":112},[49,57015,109],{"class":63},[49,57017,40756],{"class":112},[49,57019,126],{"class":63},[49,57021,68],{"class":67},[49,57023,72],{"class":71},[49,57025,68],{"class":67},[49,57027,1436],{"class":63},[20,57029,573],{},[40,57031,57032],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57033,57034],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57035,57036],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57037,16537],{"class":80},[20,57039,57040,57041,109],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57042,1790],{},[35,57044,37515],{"id":37514},[20,57046,57047,57048,57050,57051,109],{},"The return value from ",[15,57049,56793],{}," is always an ",[15,57052,1857],{},[20,57054,57055],{},"Possible results:",[155,57057,57058,57063,57068],{},[158,57059,57060,57062],{},[15,57061,1790],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[158,57064,57065,57067],{},[15,57066,2659],{}," if it appears once",[158,57069,57070,57072],{},[15,57071,1725],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57074,1244],{},[40,57076,57078],{"className":42,"code":57077,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57079,57080,57120,57124,57149,57174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57081,57082,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57083,12553],{"class":55},[49,57085,60],{"class":59},[49,57087,3296],{"class":63},[49,57089,68],{"class":67},[49,57091,12570],{"class":71},[49,57093,68],{"class":67},[49,57095,84],{"class":63},[49,57097,87],{"class":67},[49,57099,12587],{"class":71},[49,57101,68],{"class":67},[49,57103,84],{"class":63},[49,57105,87],{"class":67},[49,57107,16937],{"class":71},[49,57109,68],{"class":67},[49,57111,84],{"class":63},[49,57113,87],{"class":67},[49,57115,12587],{"class":71},[49,57117,68],{"class":67},[49,57119,3309],{"class":63},[49,57121,57122],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57123,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,57125,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,57127,123],{"class":122},[49,57129,126],{"class":63},[49,57131,16984],{"class":112},[49,57133,109],{"class":63},[49,57135,40756],{"class":112},[49,57137,126],{"class":63},[49,57139,68],{"class":67},[49,57141,12587],{"class":71},[49,57143,68],{"class":67},[49,57145,5034],{"class":63},[49,57147,57148],{"class":134},"   # 2\n",[49,57150,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,57152,123],{"class":122},[49,57154,126],{"class":63},[49,57156,16984],{"class":112},[49,57158,109],{"class":63},[49,57160,40756],{"class":112},[49,57162,126],{"class":63},[49,57164,68],{"class":67},[49,57166,12570],{"class":71},[49,57168,68],{"class":67},[49,57170,5034],{"class":63},[49,57172,57173],{"class":134},"    # 1\n",[49,57175,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,57177,123],{"class":122},[49,57179,126],{"class":63},[49,57181,16984],{"class":112},[49,57183,109],{"class":63},[49,57185,40756],{"class":112},[49,57187,126],{"class":63},[49,57189,68],{"class":67},[49,57191,22008],{"class":71},[49,57193,68],{"class":67},[49,57195,5034],{"class":63},[49,57197,57198],{"class":134}," # 0\n",[20,57200,57201,57202,57204,57205,57207,57208,109],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57203,56793],{}," works, but using ",[15,57206,3555],{}," is often simpler. See ",[72,57209,5871],{"href":5870},[35,57211,57213],{"id":57212},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57215,57216,57218],{},[15,57217,56798],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57220,57221],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57223,43148],{},[155,57225,57226,57229,57232,57239],{},[158,57227,57228],{},"matches are based on equality",[158,57230,57231],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[158,57233,57234,1017,57236,57238],{},[15,57235,2659],{},[15,57237,3276],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[158,57240,57241],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[591,57243,57245],{"id":57244},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[40,57247,57249],{"className":42,"code":57248,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57250,57251,57284,57308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57252,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57254,3742],{"class":55},[49,57256,60],{"class":59},[49,57258,3296],{"class":63},[49,57260,68],{"class":67},[49,57262,3751],{"class":71},[49,57264,68],{"class":67},[49,57266,84],{"class":63},[49,57268,87],{"class":67},[49,57270,57271],{"class":71},"Apple",[49,57273,68],{"class":67},[49,57275,84],{"class":63},[49,57277,87],{"class":67},[49,57279,3751],{"class":71},[49,57281,68],{"class":67},[49,57283,3309],{"class":63},[49,57285,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57287,123],{"class":122},[49,57289,126],{"class":63},[49,57291,3786],{"class":112},[49,57293,109],{"class":63},[49,57295,40756],{"class":112},[49,57297,126],{"class":63},[49,57299,68],{"class":67},[49,57301,3751],{"class":71},[49,57303,68],{"class":67},[49,57305,5034],{"class":63},[49,57307,50916],{"class":134},[49,57309,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,57311,123],{"class":122},[49,57313,126],{"class":63},[49,57315,3786],{"class":112},[49,57317,109],{"class":63},[49,57319,40756],{"class":112},[49,57321,126],{"class":63},[49,57323,68],{"class":67},[49,57325,57271],{"class":71},[49,57327,68],{"class":67},[49,57329,5034],{"class":63},[49,57331,27266],{"class":134},[20,57333,57334,1017,57337,57340],{},[15,57335,57336],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57338,57339],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[591,57342,57344,1017,57346,57348],{"id":57343},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57345,2659],{},[15,57347,3276],{}," can match",[40,57350,57352],{"className":42,"code":57351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57353,57354,57378,57398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57355,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57357,3495],{"class":55},[49,57359,60],{"class":59},[49,57361,3296],{"class":63},[49,57363,2659],{"class":80},[49,57365,84],{"class":63},[49,57367,3589],{"class":583},[49,57369,84],{"class":63},[49,57371,97],{"class":80},[49,57373,84],{"class":63},[49,57375,81],{"class":80},[49,57377,3309],{"class":63},[49,57379,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57381,123],{"class":122},[49,57383,126],{"class":63},[49,57385,5031],{"class":112},[49,57387,109],{"class":63},[49,57389,40756],{"class":112},[49,57391,126],{"class":63},[49,57393,2659],{"class":80},[49,57395,5034],{"class":63},[49,57397,50419],{"class":134},[49,57399,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,57401,123],{"class":122},[49,57403,126],{"class":63},[49,57405,5031],{"class":112},[49,57407,109],{"class":63},[49,57409,40756],{"class":112},[49,57411,126],{"class":63},[49,57413,3276],{"class":583},[49,57415,5034],{"class":63},[49,57417,50271],{"class":134},[20,57419,4083],{},[20,57421,57422],{},"In Python:",[155,57424,57425,57430],{},[158,57426,57427],{},[15,57428,57429],{},"True == 1",[158,57431,57432],{},[15,57433,57434],{},"False == 0",[20,57436,53155,57437,57439],{},[15,57438,56793],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[591,57441,57443],{"id":57442},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[40,57445,57447],{"className":42,"code":57446,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57448,57449,57491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57450,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57452,7451],{"class":55},[49,57454,60],{"class":59},[49,57456,55796],{"class":63},[49,57458,2659],{"class":80},[49,57460,84],{"class":63},[49,57462,97],{"class":80},[49,57464,17544],{"class":63},[49,57466,3296],{"class":63},[49,57468,1731],{"class":80},[49,57470,84],{"class":63},[49,57472,2126],{"class":80},[49,57474,17544],{"class":63},[49,57476,3296],{"class":63},[49,57478,2659],{"class":80},[49,57480,84],{"class":63},[49,57482,97],{"class":80},[49,57484,17544],{"class":63},[49,57486,3296],{"class":63},[49,57488,2659],{"class":80},[49,57490,52744],{"class":63},[49,57492,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57494,123],{"class":122},[49,57496,126],{"class":63},[49,57498,7482],{"class":112},[49,57500,109],{"class":63},[49,57502,40756],{"class":112},[49,57504,2656],{"class":63},[49,57506,2659],{"class":80},[49,57508,84],{"class":63},[49,57510,97],{"class":80},[49,57512,4409],{"class":63},[49,57514,50916],{"class":134},[20,57516,57517],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[35,57519,57521],{"id":57520},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[591,57523,57525],{"id":57524},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[40,57527,57529],{"className":42,"code":57528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57530,57531,57559,57577,57581],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57532,57533,57535,57537,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57534,3291],{"class":55},[49,57536,60],{"class":59},[49,57538,3296],{"class":63},[49,57540,1999],{"class":80},[49,57542,84],{"class":63},[49,57544,7462],{"class":80},[49,57546,84],{"class":63},[49,57548,5677],{"class":80},[49,57550,84],{"class":63},[49,57552,7467],{"class":80},[49,57554,84],{"class":63},[49,57556,5677],{"class":80},[49,57558,3309],{"class":63},[49,57560,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57562,534],{"class":55},[49,57564,60],{"class":59},[49,57566,3936],{"class":55},[49,57568,109],{"class":63},[49,57570,40756],{"class":112},[49,57572,126],{"class":63},[49,57574,1999],{"class":80},[49,57576,335],{"class":63},[49,57578,57579],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,57580,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,57582,57583,57585,57587,57589],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,57584,123],{"class":122},[49,57586,126],{"class":63},[49,57588,558],{"class":112},[49,57590,335],{"class":63},[20,57592,573],{},[40,57594,57595],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57596,57597],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57598,57599],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57600,46116],{"class":80},[591,57602,57604],{"id":57603},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[40,57606,57608],{"className":42,"code":57607,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57609,57610,57652,57674,57678],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57611,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57648,57650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57613,3742],{"class":55},[49,57615,60],{"class":59},[49,57617,3296],{"class":63},[49,57619,68],{"class":67},[49,57621,36541],{"class":71},[49,57623,68],{"class":67},[49,57625,84],{"class":63},[49,57627,87],{"class":67},[49,57629,57630],{"class":71},"dog",[49,57632,68],{"class":67},[49,57634,84],{"class":63},[49,57636,87],{"class":67},[49,57638,36541],{"class":71},[49,57640,68],{"class":67},[49,57642,84],{"class":63},[49,57644,87],{"class":67},[49,57646,57647],{"class":71},"bird",[49,57649,68],{"class":67},[49,57651,3309],{"class":63},[49,57653,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57655,534],{"class":55},[49,57657,60],{"class":59},[49,57659,5841],{"class":55},[49,57661,109],{"class":63},[49,57663,40756],{"class":112},[49,57665,126],{"class":63},[49,57667,68],{"class":67},[49,57669,36541],{"class":71},[49,57671,68],{"class":67},[49,57673,335],{"class":63},[49,57675,57676],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,57677,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,57679,57680,57682,57684,57686],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,57681,123],{"class":122},[49,57683,126],{"class":63},[49,57685,558],{"class":112},[49,57687,335],{"class":63},[20,57689,573],{},[40,57691,57692],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57693,57694],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57695,57696],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57697,16537],{"class":80},[591,57699,57701],{"id":57700},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[40,57703,57705],{"className":42,"code":57704,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57706,57707,57731,57749,57753],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57708,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57710,3291],{"class":55},[49,57712,60],{"class":59},[49,57714,3296],{"class":63},[49,57716,2659],{"class":80},[49,57718,84],{"class":63},[49,57720,97],{"class":80},[49,57722,84],{"class":63},[49,57724,2120],{"class":80},[49,57726,84],{"class":63},[49,57728,2126],{"class":80},[49,57730,3309],{"class":63},[49,57732,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57734,534],{"class":55},[49,57736,60],{"class":59},[49,57738,3936],{"class":55},[49,57740,109],{"class":63},[49,57742,40756],{"class":112},[49,57744,126],{"class":63},[49,57746,1807],{"class":80},[49,57748,335],{"class":63},[49,57750,57751],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,57752,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,57754,57755,57757,57759,57761],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,57756,123],{"class":122},[49,57758,126],{"class":63},[49,57760,558],{"class":112},[49,57762,335],{"class":63},[20,57764,573],{},[40,57766,57767],{"className":42,"code":46751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57768,57769],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57770,57771],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57772,46751],{"class":80},[591,57774,57776],{"id":57775},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[40,57778,57780],{"className":42,"code":57779,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57781,57782,57828,57850,57854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57783,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57785,56],{"class":55},[49,57787,60],{"class":59},[49,57789,55796],{"class":63},[49,57791,2659],{"class":80},[49,57793,84],{"class":63},[49,57795,97],{"class":80},[49,57797,17544],{"class":63},[49,57799,3296],{"class":63},[49,57801,2659],{"class":80},[49,57803,84],{"class":63},[49,57805,97],{"class":80},[49,57807,17544],{"class":63},[49,57809,3296],{"class":63},[49,57811,1725],{"class":80},[49,57813,84],{"class":63},[49,57815,2120],{"class":80},[49,57817,17544],{"class":63},[49,57819,3296],{"class":63},[49,57821,2659],{"class":80},[49,57823,84],{"class":63},[49,57825,97],{"class":80},[49,57827,52744],{"class":63},[49,57829,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57831,534],{"class":55},[49,57833,60],{"class":59},[49,57835,14045],{"class":55},[49,57837,109],{"class":63},[49,57839,40756],{"class":112},[49,57841,2656],{"class":63},[49,57843,2659],{"class":80},[49,57845,84],{"class":63},[49,57847,97],{"class":80},[49,57849,3561],{"class":63},[49,57851,57852],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,57853,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,57855,57856,57858,57860,57862],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,57857,123],{"class":122},[49,57859,126],{"class":63},[49,57861,558],{"class":112},[49,57863,335],{"class":63},[20,57865,573],{},[40,57867,57868],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57869,57870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57871,57872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57873,46116],{"class":80},[35,57875,1223,57877],{"id":57876},"when-to-use-count",[15,57878,56793],{},[20,57880,1762,57881,57883],{},[15,57882,56793],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57885,57886],{},"Good use cases:",[155,57888,57889,57892,57895],{},[158,57890,57891],{},"counting one specific item",[158,57893,57894],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[158,57896,57897],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57899,1244],{},[40,57901,57903],{"className":42,"code":57902,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57904,57905,57946,57970,57974],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57906,57907,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57908,57909],{"class":55},"votes ",[49,57911,60],{"class":59},[49,57913,3296],{"class":63},[49,57915,68],{"class":67},[49,57917,8332],{"class":71},[49,57919,68],{"class":67},[49,57921,84],{"class":63},[49,57923,87],{"class":67},[49,57925,8272],{"class":71},[49,57927,68],{"class":67},[49,57929,84],{"class":63},[49,57931,87],{"class":67},[49,57933,8332],{"class":71},[49,57935,68],{"class":67},[49,57937,84],{"class":63},[49,57939,87],{"class":67},[49,57941,8332],{"class":71},[49,57943,68],{"class":67},[49,57945,3309],{"class":63},[49,57947,57948,57951,57953,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,57949,57950],{"class":55},"yes_votes ",[49,57952,60],{"class":59},[49,57954,57955],{"class":55}," votes",[49,57957,109],{"class":63},[49,57959,40756],{"class":112},[49,57961,126],{"class":63},[49,57963,68],{"class":67},[49,57965,8332],{"class":71},[49,57967,68],{"class":67},[49,57969,335],{"class":63},[49,57971,57972],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,57973,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,57975,57976,57978,57980,57983],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,57977,123],{"class":122},[49,57979,126],{"class":63},[49,57981,57982],{"class":112},"yes_votes",[49,57984,335],{"class":63},[20,57986,57987,57989],{},[15,57988,56793],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57991,57992,57993,1017,57995,109],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[72,57994,52273],{"href":50480},[72,57996,57998],{"href":57997},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[35,58000,1376],{"id":1375},[20,58002,8122,58003,109],{},[15,58004,56798],{},[591,58006,58008],{"id":58007},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58010,58011,58013],{},[15,58012,56798],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[40,58015,58017],{"className":42,"code":58016,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58018,58019,58052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58020,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58022,3742],{"class":55},[49,58024,60],{"class":59},[49,58026,3296],{"class":63},[49,58028,68],{"class":67},[49,58030,58031],{"class":71},"apple pie",[49,58033,68],{"class":67},[49,58035,84],{"class":63},[49,58037,87],{"class":67},[49,58039,3760],{"class":71},[49,58041,68],{"class":67},[49,58043,84],{"class":63},[49,58045,87],{"class":67},[49,58047,58031],{"class":71},[49,58049,68],{"class":67},[49,58051,3309],{"class":63},[49,58053,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,58055,123],{"class":122},[49,58057,126],{"class":63},[49,58059,3786],{"class":112},[49,58061,109],{"class":63},[49,58063,40756],{"class":112},[49,58065,126],{"class":63},[49,58067,68],{"class":67},[49,58069,3751],{"class":71},[49,58071,68],{"class":67},[49,58073,5034],{"class":63},[49,58075,50748],{"class":134},[20,58077,2158,58078,1529],{},[15,58079,1790],{},[20,58081,28548,58082,58084,58085,109],{},[15,58083,57336],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58086,58087],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58089,58090,58091,109],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58092,58093],{},"str.count()",[591,58095,1392,58097,8130,58099,2548,58101],{"id":58096},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58098,56793],{},[15,58100,3276],{},[15,58102,3348],{},[20,58104,58105,58107],{},[15,58106,56793],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[40,58109,58111],{"className":42,"code":58110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58112,58113,58137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58114,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58116,3291],{"class":55},[49,58118,60],{"class":59},[49,58120,3296],{"class":63},[49,58122,2659],{"class":80},[49,58124,84],{"class":63},[49,58126,97],{"class":80},[49,58128,84],{"class":63},[49,58130,97],{"class":80},[49,58132,84],{"class":63},[49,58134,2120],{"class":80},[49,58136,3309],{"class":63},[49,58138,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,58140,123],{"class":122},[49,58142,126],{"class":63},[49,58144,3323],{"class":112},[49,58146,109],{"class":63},[49,58148,40756],{"class":112},[49,58150,126],{"class":63},[49,58152,1725],{"class":80},[49,58154,5034],{"class":63},[49,58156,50916],{"class":134},[20,58158,58159],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[40,58161,58163],{"className":42,"code":58162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58164,58165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58166,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58168,123],{"class":122},[49,58170,126],{"class":63},[49,58172,1725],{"class":80},[49,58174,20657],{"class":973},[49,58176,3936],{"class":112},[49,58178,131],{"class":63},[49,58180,3338],{"class":134},[591,58182,58184],{"id":58183},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[40,58186,58188],{"className":42,"code":58187,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58189,58190,58223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58191,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58219,58221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58193,4668],{"class":55},[49,58195,60],{"class":59},[49,58197,3296],{"class":63},[49,58199,68],{"class":67},[49,58201,7348],{"class":71},[49,58203,68],{"class":67},[49,58205,84],{"class":63},[49,58207,87],{"class":67},[49,58209,19701],{"class":71},[49,58211,68],{"class":67},[49,58213,84],{"class":63},[49,58215,87],{"class":67},[49,58217,58218],{"class":71},"SAM",[49,58220,68],{"class":67},[49,58222,3309],{"class":63},[49,58224,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,58226,123],{"class":122},[49,58228,126],{"class":63},[49,58230,4712],{"class":112},[49,58232,109],{"class":63},[49,58234,40756],{"class":112},[49,58236,126],{"class":63},[49,58238,68],{"class":67},[49,58240,19701],{"class":71},[49,58242,68],{"class":67},[49,58244,5034],{"class":63},[49,58246,27266],{"class":134},[20,58248,58249,58250,58253],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58251,58252],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[591,58255,29137,58257,33038],{"id":58256},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58258,56793],{},[20,58260,58261],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[40,58263,58265],{"className":42,"code":58264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58266,58267,58277,58291,58309,58323,58335],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58268,58269,58271,58273,58275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58270,123],{"class":122},[49,58272,126],{"class":63},[49,58274,8013],{"class":112},[49,58276,335],{"class":63},[49,58278,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,58280,123],{"class":122},[49,58282,126],{"class":63},[49,58284,1429],{"class":1428},[49,58286,126],{"class":63},[49,58288,8013],{"class":112},[49,58290,1436],{"class":63},[49,58292,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,58294,123],{"class":122},[49,58296,126],{"class":63},[49,58298,8013],{"class":112},[49,58300,109],{"class":63},[49,58302,40756],{"class":112},[49,58304,126],{"class":63},[49,58306,2142],{"class":112},[49,58308,1436],{"class":63},[49,58310,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,58312,123],{"class":122},[49,58314,126],{"class":63},[49,58316,2115],{"class":112},[49,58318,3555],{"class":973},[49,58320,8070],{"class":112},[49,58322,335],{"class":63},[49,58324,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,58326,5630],{"class":973},[49,58328,5633],{"class":55},[49,58330,3555],{"class":973},[49,58332,8070],{"class":55},[49,58334,6067],{"class":63},[49,58336,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,58338,7742],{"class":122},[49,58340,126],{"class":63},[49,58342,41276],{"class":122},[49,58344,126],{"class":63},[49,58346,22795],{"class":112},[49,58348,1436],{"class":63},[20,58350,58351],{},"These checks can help you see:",[155,58353,58354,58357,58360],{},[158,58355,58356],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[158,58358,58359],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[158,58361,58362],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58364,58365],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[155,58367,58368,58373,58376,58383],{},[158,58369,49992,58370,58372],{},[15,58371,56793],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[158,58374,58375],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[158,58377,10769,58378,58380,58381],{},[15,58379,56798],{}," with string ",[15,58382,56793],{},[158,58384,58385],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[35,58387,1498],{"id":1497},[591,58389,1502,58391,58393],{"id":58390},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58392,56798],{}," change the list?",[20,58395,58396],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[591,58398,58400],{"id":58399},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58402,690,58403,109],{},[15,58404,1790],{},[591,58406,4842,58408,58410],{"id":58407},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58409,56798],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58412,58413],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[591,58415,14382,58417,58419],{"id":58416},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58418,56798],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58421,41649,58422,1017,58424,58426],{},[15,58423,57339],{},[15,58425,57336],{}," are different values.",[591,58428,4830,58430,58432,58433,1529],{"id":58429},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58431,3276],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58434,2659],{},[20,58436,8460,58437,58439,58440,1017,58442,58439,58444,109],{},[15,58438,3276],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58441,2659],{},[15,58443,3348],{},[15,58445,1790],{},[35,58447,1550],{"id":1549},[155,58449,58450,58454,58460,58464,58472,58479],{},[158,58451,58452],{},[72,58453,52273],{"href":50480},[158,58455,58456],{},[72,58457,58459],{"href":58458},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[158,58461,58462],{},[72,58463,6606],{"href":5870},[158,58465,58466],{},[72,58467,55022,58469,1571],{"href":58468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58470,58471],{},"index()",[158,58473,58474],{},[72,58475,3247,58477],{"href":58476},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58478,41858],{},[158,58480,58481],{},[72,58482,58483],{"href":57997},"What is a list in Python",[1597,58485,58486],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":58488},[58489,58490,58492,58493,58494,58500,58506,58508,58516,58527],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":56890,"depth":103,"text":58491},"What list.count() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":37514,"depth":103,"text":37515},{"id":57212,"depth":103,"text":57213,"children":58495},[58496,58497,58499],{"id":57244,"depth":119,"text":57245},{"id":57343,"depth":119,"text":58498},"1 and True can match",{"id":57442,"depth":119,"text":57443},{"id":57520,"depth":103,"text":57521,"children":58501},[58502,58503,58504,58505],{"id":57524,"depth":119,"text":57525},{"id":57603,"depth":119,"text":57604},{"id":57700,"depth":119,"text":57701},{"id":57775,"depth":119,"text":57776},{"id":57876,"depth":103,"text":58507},"When to use count()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":58509},[58510,58511,58513,58514],{"id":58007,"depth":119,"text":58008},{"id":58096,"depth":119,"text":58512},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58183,"depth":119,"text":58184},{"id":58256,"depth":119,"text":58515},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":58517},[58518,58520,58521,58523,58525],{"id":58390,"depth":119,"text":58519},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58399,"depth":119,"text":58400},{"id":58407,"depth":119,"text":58522},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58416,"depth":119,"text":58524},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58429,"depth":119,"text":58526},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56785,"description":58528},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58535,"title":58536,"body":58537,"description":60500,"extension":1632,"meta":60501,"navigation":312,"path":60502,"seo":60503,"stem":60504,"__hash__":60505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58538,"toc":60463},[58539,58542,58545,58547,58675,58679,58760,58771,58773,58792,58796,58799,58802,58820,58822,58865,58869,58894,58903,58907,58912,58915,59032,59036,59105,59109,59121,59125,59128,59169,59173,59186,59189,59274,59278,59311,59318,59324,59329,59331,59343,59347,59380,59384,59416,59420,59457,59461,59481,59485,59519,59523,59552,59563,59567,59570,59573,59586,59643,59647,59686,59692,59695,59697,59700,59704,59707,59732,59734,59759,59766,59769,59814,59818,59837,59840,59879,59886,59891,59925,59929,60030,60037,60070,60074,60100,60104,60107,60145,60148,60185,60189,60192,60211,60215,60276,60278,60296,60300,60303,60306,60335,60337,60341,60344,60352,60356,60359,60379,60385,60391,60395,60398,60405,60413,60415,60454,60460],[10,58540,58536],{"id":58541},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58543,58544],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[35,58546,3281],{"id":3280},[40,58548,58550],{"className":42,"code":58549,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58551,58552,58572,58604,58612,58630,58634,58644,58654,58665],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58553,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58555,3291],{"class":55},[49,58557,60],{"class":59},[49,58559,3296],{"class":63},[49,58561,2659],{"class":80},[49,58563,84],{"class":63},[49,58565,97],{"class":80},[49,58567,84],{"class":63},[49,58569,2120],{"class":80},[49,58571,3309],{"class":63},[49,58573,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,58575,4668],{"class":55},[49,58577,60],{"class":59},[49,58579,3296],{"class":63},[49,58581,68],{"class":67},[49,58583,12357],{"class":71},[49,58585,68],{"class":67},[49,58587,84],{"class":63},[49,58589,87],{"class":67},[49,58591,35433],{"class":71},[49,58593,68],{"class":67},[49,58595,84],{"class":63},[49,58597,87],{"class":67},[49,58599,35442],{"class":71},[49,58601,68],{"class":67},[49,58603,3309],{"class":63},[49,58605,58606,58608,58610],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,58607,55433],{"class":55},[49,58609,60],{"class":59},[49,58611,7511],{"class":63},[49,58613,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,58615,35583],{"class":55},[49,58617,60],{"class":59},[49,58619,22044],{"class":1428},[49,58621,126],{"class":63},[49,58623,68],{"class":67},[49,58625,41057],{"class":71},[49,58627,68],{"class":67},[49,58629,335],{"class":63},[49,58631,58632],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,58633,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,58635,58636,58638,58640,58642],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,58637,123],{"class":122},[49,58639,126],{"class":63},[49,58641,3323],{"class":112},[49,58643,335],{"class":63},[49,58645,58646,58648,58650,58652],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,58647,123],{"class":122},[49,58649,126],{"class":63},[49,58651,4712],{"class":112},[49,58653,335],{"class":63},[49,58655,58656,58658,58660,58663],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,58657,123],{"class":122},[49,58659,126],{"class":63},[49,58661,58662],{"class":112},"empty_list",[49,58664,335],{"class":63},[49,58666,58667,58669,58671,58673],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,58668,123],{"class":122},[49,58670,126],{"class":63},[49,58672,35636],{"class":112},[49,58674,335],{"class":63},[20,58676,58677],{},[30,58678,573],{},[40,58680,58682],{"className":42,"code":58681,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58683,58684,58700,58728,58732],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58685,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58687,3573],{"class":63},[49,58689,2659],{"class":80},[49,58691,84],{"class":63},[49,58693,97],{"class":80},[49,58695,84],{"class":63},[49,58697,2120],{"class":80},[49,58699,3309],{"class":63},[49,58701,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,58703,3573],{"class":63},[49,58705,397],{"class":67},[49,58707,12357],{"class":71},[49,58709,397],{"class":67},[49,58711,84],{"class":63},[49,58713,406],{"class":67},[49,58715,35433],{"class":71},[49,58717,397],{"class":67},[49,58719,84],{"class":63},[49,58721,406],{"class":67},[49,58723,35442],{"class":71},[49,58725,397],{"class":67},[49,58727,3309],{"class":63},[49,58729,58730],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,58731,37792],{"class":63},[49,58733,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,58735,3573],{"class":63},[49,58737,397],{"class":67},[49,58739,72],{"class":71},[49,58741,397],{"class":67},[49,58743,84],{"class":63},[49,58745,406],{"class":67},[49,58747,90],{"class":71},[49,58749,397],{"class":67},[49,58751,84],{"class":63},[49,58753,406],{"class":67},[49,58755,9406],{"class":71},[49,58757,397],{"class":67},[49,58759,3309],{"class":63},[20,58761,58762,58763,58765,58766,58768,58769,109],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58764,3460],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58767,24266],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58770,35691],{},[35,58772,14642],{"id":14641},[155,58774,58775,58778,58781,58784,58789],{},[158,58776,58777],{},"What a list is in Python",[158,58779,58780],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[158,58782,58783],{},"How to create an empty list",[158,58785,58786,58787,1971],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58788,24266],{},[158,58790,58791],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[35,58793,58795],{"id":58794},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58797,58798],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58800,58801],{},"This means:",[155,58803,58804,58807,58810,58813],{},[158,58805,58806],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[158,58808,58809],{},"The order of items is kept",[158,58811,58812],{},"A list can hold different data types",[158,58814,58815,58816,58819],{},"A list is ",[30,58817,58818],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58821,1244],{},[40,58823,58825],{"className":42,"code":58824,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58826,58827,58851,58855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58828,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58830,7451],{"class":55},[49,58832,60],{"class":59},[49,58834,3296],{"class":63},[49,58836,68],{"class":67},[49,58838,3751],{"class":71},[49,58840,68],{"class":67},[49,58842,84],{"class":63},[49,58844,5677],{"class":80},[49,58846,84],{"class":63},[49,58848,3589],{"class":583},[49,58850,3309],{"class":63},[49,58852,58853],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,58854,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,58856,58857,58859,58861,58863],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,58858,123],{"class":122},[49,58860,126],{"class":63},[49,58862,7482],{"class":112},[49,58864,335],{"class":63},[20,58866,58867],{},[30,58868,573],{},[40,58870,58872],{"className":42,"code":58871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58873,58874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58875,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58877,3573],{"class":63},[49,58879,397],{"class":67},[49,58881,3751],{"class":71},[49,58883,397],{"class":67},[49,58885,84],{"class":63},[49,58887,5677],{"class":80},[49,58889,84],{"class":63},[49,58891,3589],{"class":583},[49,58893,3309],{"class":63},[20,58895,58896,58897,2548,58900,109],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[72,58898,58899],{"href":50480},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[72,58901,58902],{"href":57997},"What is a List in Python?",[35,58904,58906],{"id":58905},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58908,58762,58909,58911],{},[15,58910,3460],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58913,58914],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[40,58916,58918],{"className":42,"code":58917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58919,58920,58940,58972,58997,59001,59011,59021],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58921,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58923,3291],{"class":55},[49,58925,60],{"class":59},[49,58927,3296],{"class":63},[49,58929,2659],{"class":80},[49,58931,84],{"class":63},[49,58933,97],{"class":80},[49,58935,84],{"class":63},[49,58937,2120],{"class":80},[49,58939,3309],{"class":63},[49,58941,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,58943,4668],{"class":55},[49,58945,60],{"class":59},[49,58947,3296],{"class":63},[49,58949,68],{"class":67},[49,58951,12357],{"class":71},[49,58953,68],{"class":67},[49,58955,84],{"class":63},[49,58957,87],{"class":67},[49,58959,35433],{"class":71},[49,58961,68],{"class":67},[49,58963,84],{"class":63},[49,58965,87],{"class":67},[49,58967,35442],{"class":71},[49,58969,68],{"class":67},[49,58971,3309],{"class":63},[49,58973,58974,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993,58995],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,58975,58976],{"class":55},"mixed ",[49,58978,60],{"class":59},[49,58980,3296],{"class":63},[49,58982,1999],{"class":80},[49,58984,84],{"class":63},[49,58986,87],{"class":67},[49,58988,3518],{"class":71},[49,58990,68],{"class":67},[49,58992,84],{"class":63},[49,58994,3580],{"class":583},[49,58996,3309],{"class":63},[49,58998,58999],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,59000,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,59002,59003,59005,59007,59009],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,59004,123],{"class":122},[49,59006,126],{"class":63},[49,59008,3323],{"class":112},[49,59010,335],{"class":63},[49,59012,59013,59015,59017,59019],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,59014,123],{"class":122},[49,59016,126],{"class":63},[49,59018,4712],{"class":112},[49,59020,335],{"class":63},[49,59022,59023,59025,59027,59030],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,59024,123],{"class":122},[49,59026,126],{"class":63},[49,59028,59029],{"class":112},"mixed",[49,59031,335],{"class":63},[20,59033,59034],{},[30,59035,573],{},[40,59037,59039],{"className":42,"code":59038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59040,59041,59057,59085],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59042,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59044,3573],{"class":63},[49,59046,2659],{"class":80},[49,59048,84],{"class":63},[49,59050,97],{"class":80},[49,59052,84],{"class":63},[49,59054,2120],{"class":80},[49,59056,3309],{"class":63},[49,59058,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59060,3573],{"class":63},[49,59062,397],{"class":67},[49,59064,12357],{"class":71},[49,59066,397],{"class":67},[49,59068,84],{"class":63},[49,59070,406],{"class":67},[49,59072,35433],{"class":71},[49,59074,397],{"class":67},[49,59076,84],{"class":63},[49,59078,406],{"class":67},[49,59080,35442],{"class":71},[49,59082,397],{"class":67},[49,59084,3309],{"class":63},[49,59086,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,59088,3573],{"class":63},[49,59090,1999],{"class":80},[49,59092,84],{"class":63},[49,59094,406],{"class":67},[49,59096,3518],{"class":71},[49,59098,397],{"class":67},[49,59100,84],{"class":63},[49,59102,3580],{"class":583},[49,59104,3309],{"class":63},[591,59106,59108],{"id":59107},"key-points","Key points",[155,59110,59111,59116,59118],{},[158,59112,1762,59113,59115],{},[15,59114,3460],{}," to make a new list",[158,59117,14912],{},[158,59119,59120],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[35,59122,59124],{"id":59123},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59126,59127],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[40,59129,59131],{"className":42,"code":59130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59132,59133,59141,59145,59155],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59134,59135,59137,59139],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59136,7982],{"class":55},[49,59138,60],{"class":59},[49,59140,7511],{"class":63},[49,59142,59143],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59144,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,59146,59147,59149,59151,59153],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,59148,123],{"class":122},[49,59150,126],{"class":63},[49,59152,8013],{"class":112},[49,59154,335],{"class":63},[49,59156,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,59158,123],{"class":122},[49,59160,126],{"class":63},[49,59162,10824],{"class":122},[49,59164,126],{"class":63},[49,59166,8013],{"class":112},[49,59168,1436],{"class":63},[20,59170,59171],{},[30,59172,573],{},[40,59174,59176],{"className":42,"code":59175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[]\n0\n",[15,59177,59178,59182],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59179,59180],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59181,37792],{"class":63},[49,59183,59184],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59185,46751],{"class":80},[20,59187,59188],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[40,59190,59192],{"className":42,"code":59191,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59193,59194,59202,59206,59224,59242,59260,59264],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59195,59196,59198,59200],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59197,4668],{"class":55},[49,59199,60],{"class":59},[49,59201,7511],{"class":63},[49,59203,59204],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59205,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,59207,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,59209,4712],{"class":55},[49,59211,109],{"class":63},[49,59213,13031],{"class":112},[49,59215,126],{"class":63},[49,59217,68],{"class":67},[49,59219,12357],{"class":71},[49,59221,68],{"class":67},[49,59223,335],{"class":63},[49,59225,59226,59228,59230,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,59227,4712],{"class":55},[49,59229,109],{"class":63},[49,59231,13031],{"class":112},[49,59233,126],{"class":63},[49,59235,68],{"class":67},[49,59237,35433],{"class":71},[49,59239,68],{"class":67},[49,59241,335],{"class":63},[49,59243,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,59245,4712],{"class":55},[49,59247,109],{"class":63},[49,59249,13031],{"class":112},[49,59251,126],{"class":63},[49,59253,68],{"class":67},[49,59255,35442],{"class":71},[49,59257,68],{"class":67},[49,59259,335],{"class":63},[49,59261,59262],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,59263,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,59265,59266,59268,59270,59272],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,59267,123],{"class":122},[49,59269,126],{"class":63},[49,59271,4712],{"class":112},[49,59273,335],{"class":63},[20,59275,59276],{},[30,59277,573],{},[40,59279,59281],{"className":42,"code":59280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59282,59283],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59284,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59286,3573],{"class":63},[49,59288,397],{"class":67},[49,59290,12357],{"class":71},[49,59292,397],{"class":67},[49,59294,84],{"class":63},[49,59296,406],{"class":67},[49,59298,35433],{"class":71},[49,59300,397],{"class":67},[49,59302,84],{"class":63},[49,59304,406],{"class":67},[49,59306,35442],{"class":71},[49,59308,397],{"class":67},[49,59310,3309],{"class":63},[20,59312,59313,59314,109],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[72,59315,59316,1571],{"href":56271},[15,59317,52154],{},[35,59319,59321,59322],{"id":59320},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59323,24266],{},[20,59325,1762,59326,59328],{},[15,59327,24266],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59330,5130],{},[155,59332,59333,59335,59337,59339],{},[158,59334,4981],{},[158,59336,4975],{},[158,59338,4978],{},[158,59340,59341],{},[15,59342,35691],{},[591,59344,59346],{"id":59345},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[40,59348,59350],{"className":42,"code":59349,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59351,59352,59370],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59353,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59355,35583],{"class":55},[49,59357,60],{"class":59},[49,59359,22044],{"class":1428},[49,59361,126],{"class":63},[49,59363,68],{"class":67},[49,59365,41057],{"class":71},[49,59367,68],{"class":67},[49,59369,335],{"class":63},[49,59371,59372,59374,59376,59378],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59373,123],{"class":122},[49,59375,126],{"class":63},[49,59377,35636],{"class":112},[49,59379,335],{"class":63},[20,59381,59382],{},[30,59383,573],{},[40,59385,59386],{"className":42,"code":42373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,59387,59388],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59389,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412,59414],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59391,3573],{"class":63},[49,59393,397],{"class":67},[49,59395,72],{"class":71},[49,59397,397],{"class":67},[49,59399,84],{"class":63},[49,59401,406],{"class":67},[49,59403,90],{"class":71},[49,59405,397],{"class":67},[49,59407,84],{"class":63},[49,59409,406],{"class":67},[49,59411,9406],{"class":71},[49,59413,397],{"class":67},[49,59415,3309],{"class":63},[591,59417,59419],{"id":59418},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[40,59421,59423],{"className":42,"code":59422,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59424,59425,59447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59426,59427,59429,59431,59433,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59428,3291],{"class":55},[49,59430,60],{"class":59},[49,59432,22044],{"class":1428},[49,59434,5183],{"class":63},[49,59436,2659],{"class":80},[49,59438,84],{"class":63},[49,59440,97],{"class":80},[49,59442,84],{"class":63},[49,59444,2120],{"class":80},[49,59446,1436],{"class":63},[49,59448,59449,59451,59453,59455],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59450,123],{"class":122},[49,59452,126],{"class":63},[49,59454,3323],{"class":112},[49,59456,335],{"class":63},[20,59458,59459],{},[30,59460,573],{},[40,59462,59463],{"className":42,"code":54652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,59464,59465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59466,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59468,3573],{"class":63},[49,59470,2659],{"class":80},[49,59472,84],{"class":63},[49,59474,97],{"class":80},[49,59476,84],{"class":63},[49,59478,2120],{"class":80},[49,59480,3309],{"class":63},[591,59482,59484],{"id":59483},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[40,59486,59488],{"className":42,"code":59487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59489,59490,59509],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59491,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500,59503,59505,59507],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59493,3495],{"class":55},[49,59495,60],{"class":59},[49,59497,22044],{"class":1428},[49,59499,126],{"class":63},[49,59501,59502],{"class":122},"range",[49,59504,126],{"class":63},[49,59506,1807],{"class":80},[49,59508,1436],{"class":63},[49,59510,59511,59513,59515,59517],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59512,123],{"class":122},[49,59514,126],{"class":63},[49,59516,5031],{"class":112},[49,59518,335],{"class":63},[20,59520,59521],{},[30,59522,573],{},[40,59524,59526],{"className":42,"code":59525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59527,59528],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59529,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59531,3573],{"class":63},[49,59533,1790],{"class":80},[49,59535,84],{"class":63},[49,59537,81],{"class":80},[49,59539,84],{"class":63},[49,59541,97],{"class":80},[49,59543,84],{"class":63},[49,59545,2120],{"class":80},[49,59547,84],{"class":63},[49,59549,2126],{"class":80},[49,59551,3309],{"class":63},[20,59553,59554,59556,59557,109],{},[15,59555,24266],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[72,59558,59560,59562],{"href":59559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59561,24266],{},": Function Explained",[35,59564,59566],{"id":59565},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59568,59569],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59571,59572],{},"Examples include:",[155,59574,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583],{},[158,59576,4981],{},[158,59578,39920],{},[158,59580,51547],{},[158,59582,40090],{},[158,59584,59585],{},"other lists",[40,59587,59589],{"className":42,"code":59588,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59590,59591,59629,59633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59592,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59594,56],{"class":55},[49,59596,60],{"class":59},[49,59598,3296],{"class":63},[49,59600,68],{"class":67},[49,59602,12357],{"class":71},[49,59604,68],{"class":67},[49,59606,84],{"class":63},[49,59608,279],{"class":80},[49,59610,84],{"class":63},[49,59612,3589],{"class":583},[49,59614,84],{"class":63},[49,59616,3296],{"class":63},[49,59618,2659],{"class":80},[49,59620,84],{"class":63},[49,59622,97],{"class":80},[49,59624,84],{"class":63},[49,59626,2120],{"class":80},[49,59628,52744],{"class":63},[49,59630,59631],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59632,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,59634,59635,59637,59639,59641],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,59636,123],{"class":122},[49,59638,126],{"class":63},[49,59640,106],{"class":112},[49,59642,335],{"class":63},[20,59644,59645],{},[30,59646,573],{},[40,59648,59650],{"className":42,"code":59649,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59651,59652],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59653,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59655,3573],{"class":63},[49,59657,397],{"class":67},[49,59659,12357],{"class":71},[49,59661,397],{"class":67},[49,59663,84],{"class":63},[49,59665,279],{"class":80},[49,59667,84],{"class":63},[49,59669,3589],{"class":583},[49,59671,84],{"class":63},[49,59673,3296],{"class":63},[49,59675,2659],{"class":80},[49,59677,84],{"class":63},[49,59679,97],{"class":80},[49,59681,84],{"class":63},[49,59683,2120],{"class":80},[49,59685,52744],{"class":63},[20,59687,59688,59689,109],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[30,59690,59691],{},"nested list",[20,59693,59694],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[35,59696,4192],{"id":4191},[20,59698,59699],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[591,59701,59703],{"id":59702},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59705,59706],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[40,59708,59710],{"className":42,"code":59709,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59711,59712,59716],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59713,59714],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59715,4209],{"class":134},[49,59717,59718,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59719,3291],{"class":55},[49,59721,60],{"class":59},[49,59723,3296],{"class":63},[49,59725,2659],{"class":80},[49,59727,97],{"class":80},[49,59729,2120],{"class":80},[49,59731,3309],{"class":63},[20,59733,10469],{},[40,59735,59737],{"className":42,"code":59736,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59738,59739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59740,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59742,3291],{"class":55},[49,59744,60],{"class":59},[49,59746,3296],{"class":63},[49,59748,2659],{"class":80},[49,59750,84],{"class":63},[49,59752,97],{"class":80},[49,59754,84],{"class":63},[49,59756,2120],{"class":80},[49,59758,3309],{"class":63},[591,59760,8092,59762,10754,59764],{"id":59761},"using-instead-of",[15,59763,7037],{},[15,59765,3460],{},[20,59767,59768],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[40,59770,59772],{"className":42,"code":59771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59773,59774,59795,59799],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59775,59776,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59777,59778],{"class":55},"my_values ",[49,59780,60],{"class":59},[49,59782,8907],{"class":63},[49,59784,2659],{"class":80},[49,59786,84],{"class":63},[49,59788,97],{"class":80},[49,59790,84],{"class":63},[49,59792,2120],{"class":80},[49,59794,335],{"class":63},[49,59796,59797],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59798,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,59800,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59812],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,59802,123],{"class":122},[49,59804,126],{"class":63},[49,59806,1429],{"class":1428},[49,59808,126],{"class":63},[49,59810,59811],{"class":112},"my_values",[49,59813,1436],{"class":63},[20,59815,59816],{},[30,59817,573],{},[40,59819,59821],{"className":42,"code":59820,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59822,59823],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59824,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59826,2962],{"class":59},[49,59828,2965],{"class":1734},[49,59830,406],{"class":67},[49,59832,48453],{"class":71},[49,59834,397],{"class":67},[49,59836,2974],{"class":59},[20,59838,59839],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[40,59841,59843],{"className":42,"code":59842,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59844,59845,59865],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59846,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59848,59778],{"class":55},[49,59850,60],{"class":59},[49,59852,3296],{"class":63},[49,59854,2659],{"class":80},[49,59856,84],{"class":63},[49,59858,97],{"class":80},[49,59860,84],{"class":63},[49,59862,2120],{"class":80},[49,59864,3309],{"class":63},[49,59866,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59868,123],{"class":122},[49,59870,126],{"class":63},[49,59872,1429],{"class":1428},[49,59874,126],{"class":63},[49,59876,59811],{"class":112},[49,59878,1436],{"class":63},[591,59880,1392,59882,59885],{"id":59881},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59883,59884],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59887,59888,59890],{},[15,59889,24266],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[40,59892,59894],{"className":42,"code":59893,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59895,59896,59915],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59897,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59911,59913],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59899,534],{"class":55},[49,59901,60],{"class":59},[49,59903,22044],{"class":1428},[49,59905,126],{"class":63},[49,59907,68],{"class":67},[49,59909,59910],{"class":71},"hello world",[49,59912,68],{"class":67},[49,59914,335],{"class":63},[49,59916,59917,59919,59921,59923],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,59918,123],{"class":122},[49,59920,126],{"class":63},[49,59922,558],{"class":112},[49,59924,335],{"class":63},[20,59926,59927],{},[30,59928,573],{},[40,59930,59932],{"className":42,"code":59931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59933,59934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59935,59936,59938,59940,59943,59945,59947,59949,59952,59954,59956,59958,59961,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59937,3573],{"class":63},[49,59939,397],{"class":67},[49,59941,59942],{"class":71},"h",[49,59944,397],{"class":67},[49,59946,84],{"class":63},[49,59948,406],{"class":67},[49,59950,59951],{"class":71},"e",[49,59953,397],{"class":67},[49,59955,84],{"class":63},[49,59957,406],{"class":67},[49,59959,59960],{"class":71},"l",[49,59962,397],{"class":67},[49,59964,84],{"class":63},[49,59966,406],{"class":67},[49,59968,59960],{"class":71},[49,59970,397],{"class":67},[49,59972,84],{"class":63},[49,59974,406],{"class":67},[49,59976,59977],{"class":71},"o",[49,59979,397],{"class":67},[49,59981,84],{"class":63},[49,59983,406],{"class":67},[49,59985,406],{"class":67},[49,59987,84],{"class":63},[49,59989,406],{"class":67},[49,59991,59992],{"class":71},"w",[49,59994,397],{"class":67},[49,59996,84],{"class":63},[49,59998,406],{"class":67},[49,60000,59977],{"class":71},[49,60002,397],{"class":67},[49,60004,84],{"class":63},[49,60006,406],{"class":67},[49,60008,60009],{"class":71},"r",[49,60011,397],{"class":67},[49,60013,84],{"class":63},[49,60015,406],{"class":67},[49,60017,59960],{"class":71},[49,60019,397],{"class":67},[49,60021,84],{"class":63},[49,60023,406],{"class":67},[49,60025,18250],{"class":71},[49,60027,397],{"class":67},[49,60029,3309],{"class":63},[20,60031,60032,60033,60036],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60034,60035],{},"split()"," instead:",[40,60038,60040],{"className":42,"code":60039,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60041,60042,60060],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60043,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60045,3742],{"class":55},[49,60047,60],{"class":59},[49,60049,87],{"class":67},[49,60051,59910],{"class":71},[49,60053,68],{"class":67},[49,60055,109],{"class":63},[49,60057,33959],{"class":112},[49,60059,116],{"class":63},[49,60061,60062,60064,60066,60068],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,60063,123],{"class":122},[49,60065,126],{"class":63},[49,60067,3786],{"class":112},[49,60069,335],{"class":63},[20,60071,60072],{},[30,60073,573],{},[40,60075,60077],{"className":42,"code":60076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60078,60079],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60080,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093,60096,60098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60082,3573],{"class":63},[49,60084,397],{"class":67},[49,60086,3518],{"class":71},[49,60088,397],{"class":67},[49,60090,84],{"class":63},[49,60092,406],{"class":67},[49,60094,60095],{"class":71},"world",[49,60097,397],{"class":67},[49,60099,3309],{"class":63},[591,60101,60103],{"id":60102},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60105,60106],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[40,60108,60110],{"className":42,"code":60109,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60111,60112,60116],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60113,60114],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60115,4209],{"class":134},[49,60117,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60137,60139,60141,60143],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,60119,4668],{"class":55},[49,60121,60],{"class":59},[49,60123,3296],{"class":63},[49,60125,68],{"class":67},[49,60127,12357],{"class":71},[49,60129,68],{"class":67},[49,60131,84],{"class":63},[49,60133,87],{"class":67},[49,60135,60136],{"class":71},"Ben', ",[49,60138,68],{"class":67},[49,60140,35442],{"class":55},[49,60142,68],{"class":67},[49,60144,3309],{"class":71},[20,60146,60147],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[40,60149,60151],{"className":42,"code":60150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60152,60153],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60154,60155,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60156,4668],{"class":55},[49,60158,60],{"class":59},[49,60160,3296],{"class":63},[49,60162,68],{"class":67},[49,60164,12357],{"class":71},[49,60166,68],{"class":67},[49,60168,84],{"class":63},[49,60170,87],{"class":67},[49,60172,35433],{"class":71},[49,60174,68],{"class":67},[49,60176,84],{"class":63},[49,60178,87],{"class":67},[49,60180,35442],{"class":71},[49,60182,68],{"class":67},[49,60184,3309],{"class":63},[591,60186,60188],{"id":60187},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60190,60191],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[155,60193,60194,60197,60200,60205],{},[158,60195,60196],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[158,60198,60199],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[158,60201,60202,60203],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60204,24266],{},[158,60206,1392,60207,60210],{},[15,60208,60209],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[591,60212,60214],{"id":60213},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[40,60216,60218],{"className":42,"code":60217,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60219,60220,60230,60244,60258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60221,60222,60224,60226,60228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60223,123],{"class":122},[49,60225,126],{"class":63},[49,60227,8013],{"class":112},[49,60229,335],{"class":63},[49,60231,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,60233,123],{"class":122},[49,60235,126],{"class":63},[49,60237,1429],{"class":1428},[49,60239,126],{"class":63},[49,60241,8013],{"class":112},[49,60243,1436],{"class":63},[49,60245,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,60247,123],{"class":122},[49,60249,126],{"class":63},[49,60251,10824],{"class":122},[49,60253,126],{"class":63},[49,60255,8013],{"class":112},[49,60257,1436],{"class":63},[49,60259,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,60261,123],{"class":122},[49,60263,126],{"class":63},[49,60265,7767],{"class":1428},[49,60267,126],{"class":63},[49,60269,59502],{"class":122},[49,60271,126],{"class":63},[49,60273,1807],{"class":80},[49,60275,2582],{"class":63},[20,60277,25494],{},[155,60279,60280,60283,60286,60289],{},[158,60281,60282],{},"what the list contains",[158,60284,60285],{},"whether the value is really a list",[158,60287,60288],{},"how many items it has",[158,60290,25505,60291,60293,60294],{},[15,60292,24266],{}," does with ",[15,60295,35691],{},[35,60297,60299],{"id":60298},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60301,60302],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60304,60305],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[155,60307,60308,60323,60328],{},[158,60309,1762,60310,1858,60314,16553,60318,60322],{},[72,60311,60312],{"href":56271},[15,60313,52154],{},[72,60315,60316],{"href":52846},[15,60317,52948],{},[72,60319,60320],{"href":53410},[15,60321,53770],{}," to add items later",[158,60324,1762,60325,60327],{},[72,60326,58899],{"href":50480}," for a broader introduction",[158,60329,1762,60330,60334],{},[72,60331,60332,59562],{"href":59559},[15,60333,24266],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[35,60336,1498],{"id":1497},[591,60338,60340],{"id":60339},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60342,60343],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[40,60345,60346],{"className":42,"code":37792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,60347,60348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60349,60350],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60351,37792],{"class":63},[591,60353,60355],{"id":60354},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60357,60358],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[40,60360,60361],{"className":42,"code":54652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,60362,60363],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60364,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60366,3573],{"class":63},[49,60368,2659],{"class":80},[49,60370,84],{"class":63},[49,60372,97],{"class":80},[49,60374,84],{"class":63},[49,60376,2120],{"class":80},[49,60378,3309],{"class":63},[591,60380,1512,60382,60384],{"id":60381},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60383,24266],{}," do in Python?",[20,60386,60387,60388,60390],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60389,35691],{},", into a list.",[591,60392,60394],{"id":60393},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60396,60397],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[591,60399,1524,60401,1017,60403,1529],{"id":60400},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60402,3460],{},[15,60404,7037],{},[20,60406,60407,60409,60410,60412],{},[15,60408,3460],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60411,7037],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[35,60414,1550],{"id":1549},[155,60416,60417,60421,60427,60433,60439,60445,60449],{},[158,60418,60419],{},[72,60420,58899],{"href":50480},[158,60422,60423],{},[72,60424,55022,60425,18],{"href":56271},[15,60426,52154],{},[158,60428,60429],{},[72,60430,55022,60431,18],{"href":52846},[15,60432,52948],{},[158,60434,60435],{},[72,60436,55022,60437,18],{"href":53410},[15,60438,53770],{},[158,60440,60441],{},[72,60442,3247,60443,3251],{"href":59559},[15,60444,24266],{},[158,60446,60447],{},[72,60448,58902],{"href":57997},[158,60450,60451],{},[72,60452,60453],{"href":844},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60455,60456,60457,60459],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60458,52154],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1597,60461,60462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":60464},[60465,60466,60467,60468,60471,60472,60478,60479,60489,60490,60499],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":14641,"depth":103,"text":14642},{"id":58794,"depth":103,"text":58795},{"id":58905,"depth":103,"text":58906,"children":60469},[60470],{"id":59107,"depth":119,"text":59108},{"id":59123,"depth":103,"text":59124},{"id":59320,"depth":103,"text":60473,"children":60474},"Create a list with list()",[60475,60476,60477],{"id":59345,"depth":119,"text":59346},{"id":59418,"depth":119,"text":59419},{"id":59483,"depth":119,"text":59484},{"id":59565,"depth":103,"text":59566},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":60480},[60481,60482,60484,60486,60487,60488],{"id":59702,"depth":119,"text":59703},{"id":59761,"depth":119,"text":60483},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59881,"depth":119,"text":60485},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60102,"depth":119,"text":60103},{"id":60187,"depth":119,"text":60188},{"id":60213,"depth":119,"text":60214},{"id":60298,"depth":103,"text":60299},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":60491},[60492,60493,60494,60496,60497],{"id":60339,"depth":119,"text":60340},{"id":60354,"depth":119,"text":60355},{"id":60381,"depth":119,"text":60495},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60393,"depth":119,"text":60394},{"id":60400,"depth":119,"text":60498},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58536,"description":60500},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60507,"title":60508,"body":60509,"description":62250,"extension":1632,"meta":62251,"navigation":312,"path":62252,"seo":62253,"stem":62254,"__hash__":62255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60510,"toc":62205},[60511,60516,60521,60524,60526,60597,60602,60607,60611,60625,60630,60632,60652,60657,60660,60683,60687,60692,60784,60786,60808,60814,60820,60827,60834,60840,60897,60903,60961,60963,60975,60983,60989,60994,60998,61055,61058,61062,61121,61124,61128,61186,61198,61202,61255,61258,61262,61268,61274,61336,61339,61400,61403,61459,61464,61466,61470,61477,61538,61543,61552,61608,61615,61619,61677,61686,61744,61748,61783,61787,61797,61800,61855,61869,61872,61987,61992,61996,62007,62009,62088,62098,62100,62105,62110,62117,62125,62131,62134,62140,62143,62149,62155,62157,62193,62202],[10,60512,53844,60514,18],{"id":60513},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60515,52948],{},[20,60517,60518,60520],{},[15,60519,52849],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60522,60523],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[35,60525,38],{"id":37},[40,60527,60529],{"className":42,"code":60528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60530,60531,60547,60564,60568,60583,60593],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60532,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60534,3291],{"class":55},[49,60536,60],{"class":59},[49,60538,3296],{"class":63},[49,60540,2659],{"class":80},[49,60542,84],{"class":63},[49,60544,97],{"class":80},[49,60546,3309],{"class":63},[49,60548,60549,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,60550,60551],{"class":55},"more_numbers ",[49,60553,60],{"class":59},[49,60555,3296],{"class":63},[49,60557,1731],{"class":80},[49,60559,84],{"class":63},[49,60561,2126],{"class":80},[49,60563,3309],{"class":63},[49,60565,60566],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,60567,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,60569,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578,60581],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,60571,3323],{"class":55},[49,60573,109],{"class":63},[49,60575,52978],{"class":112},[49,60577,126],{"class":63},[49,60579,60580],{"class":112},"more_numbers",[49,60582,335],{"class":63},[49,60584,60585,60587,60589,60591],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,60586,123],{"class":122},[49,60588,126],{"class":63},[49,60590,3323],{"class":112},[49,60592,335],{"class":63},[49,60594,60595],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,60596,52225],{"class":134},[20,60598,1762,60599,60601],{},[15,60600,52948],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[35,60603,144,60605,147],{"id":60604},"what-listextend-does",[15,60606,52849],{},[20,60608,60609,77],{},[15,60610,52948],{},[155,60612,60613,60616,60618,60621],{},[158,60614,60615],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[158,60617,53930],{},[158,60619,60620],{},"Does not create a new list",[158,60622,166,60623],{},[15,60624,169],{},[20,60626,60627,60628,53303],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60629,52948],{},[35,60631,189],{"id":188},[40,60633,60635],{"className":42,"code":60634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60636,60637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60638,60639,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60640,60641],{"class":55},"list_name",[49,60643,109],{"class":63},[49,60645,52978],{"class":112},[49,60647,126],{"class":63},[49,60649,3394],{"class":112},[49,60651,335],{"class":63},[20,60653,5125,60654,60656],{},[30,60655,3394],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60658,60659],{},"Common iterables include:",[155,60661,60662,60666,60670,60674,60679],{},[158,60663,60664],{},[15,60665,7767],{},[158,60667,60668],{},[15,60669,48453],{},[158,60671,60672],{},[15,60673,5960],{},[158,60675,60676],{},[15,60677,60678],{},"string",[158,60680,60681],{},[15,60682,59502],{},[35,60684,60686],{"id":60685},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60688,60689,60690,77],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60691,52948],{},[40,60693,60695],{"className":42,"code":60694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60696,60697,60721,60746,60750,60765,60769,60779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60698,60699,60701,60703,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60700,35732],{"class":55},[49,60702,60],{"class":59},[49,60704,3296],{"class":63},[49,60706,68],{"class":67},[49,60708,3751],{"class":71},[49,60710,68],{"class":67},[49,60712,84],{"class":63},[49,60714,87],{"class":67},[49,60716,3760],{"class":71},[49,60718,68],{"class":67},[49,60720,3309],{"class":63},[49,60722,60723,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,60724,60725],{"class":55},"more_fruits ",[49,60727,60],{"class":59},[49,60729,3296],{"class":63},[49,60731,68],{"class":67},[49,60733,32710],{"class":71},[49,60735,68],{"class":67},[49,60737,84],{"class":63},[49,60739,87],{"class":67},[49,60741,22017],{"class":71},[49,60743,68],{"class":67},[49,60745,3309],{"class":63},[49,60747,60748],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,60749,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,60751,60752,60754,60756,60758,60760,60763],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,60753,35784],{"class":55},[49,60755,109],{"class":63},[49,60757,52978],{"class":112},[49,60759,126],{"class":63},[49,60761,60762],{"class":112},"more_fruits",[49,60764,335],{"class":63},[49,60766,60767],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,60768,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,60770,60771,60773,60775,60777],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,60772,123],{"class":122},[49,60774,126],{"class":63},[49,60776,35784],{"class":112},[49,60778,335],{"class":63},[49,60780,60781],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,60782,60783],{"class":134},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60785,453],{},[155,60787,60788,60793,60798],{},[158,60789,60790,60792],{},[15,60791,35784],{}," starts with two items",[158,60794,60795,60797],{},[15,60796,60762],{}," has two more items",[158,60799,60800,60802,60803,60805,60806],{},[15,60801,52948],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60804,60762],{}," to ",[15,60807,35784],{},[20,60809,60810,60811,60813],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60812,35784],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60815,54069,60816,1017,60818,109],{},[72,60817,52273],{"href":50480},[72,60819,56657],{"href":56656},[35,60821,60823,10249,60825],{"id":60822},"extend-vs-append",[15,60824,52948],{},[15,60826,52154],{},[20,60828,60829,1017,60831,60833],{},[15,60830,52948],{},[15,60832,52154],{}," are often confused.",[591,60835,60837,60839],{"id":60836},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60838,52948],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[40,60841,60843],{"className":42,"code":60842,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60844,60845,60861,60879,60883,60893],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60846,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60848,3291],{"class":55},[49,60850,60],{"class":59},[49,60852,3296],{"class":63},[49,60854,2659],{"class":80},[49,60856,84],{"class":63},[49,60858,97],{"class":80},[49,60860,3309],{"class":63},[49,60862,60863,60865,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,60864,3323],{"class":55},[49,60866,109],{"class":63},[49,60868,52978],{"class":112},[49,60870,2656],{"class":63},[49,60872,1731],{"class":80},[49,60874,84],{"class":63},[49,60876,2126],{"class":80},[49,60878,3561],{"class":63},[49,60880,60881],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,60882,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,60884,60885,60887,60889,60891],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,60886,123],{"class":122},[49,60888,126],{"class":63},[49,60890,3323],{"class":112},[49,60892,335],{"class":63},[49,60894,60895],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,60896,52225],{"class":134},[591,60898,60900,60902],{"id":60899},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60901,52154],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[40,60904,60906],{"className":42,"code":60905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60907,60908,60924,60942,60946,60956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60909,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918,60920,60922],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60911,3291],{"class":55},[49,60913,60],{"class":59},[49,60915,3296],{"class":63},[49,60917,2659],{"class":80},[49,60919,84],{"class":63},[49,60921,97],{"class":80},[49,60923,3309],{"class":63},[49,60925,60926,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938,60940],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,60927,3323],{"class":55},[49,60929,109],{"class":63},[49,60931,13031],{"class":112},[49,60933,2656],{"class":63},[49,60935,1731],{"class":80},[49,60937,84],{"class":63},[49,60939,2126],{"class":80},[49,60941,3561],{"class":63},[49,60943,60944],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,60945,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,60947,60948,60950,60952,60954],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,60949,123],{"class":122},[49,60951,126],{"class":63},[49,60953,3323],{"class":112},[49,60955,335],{"class":63},[49,60957,60958],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,60959,60960],{"class":134},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60962,18177],{},[155,60964,60965,60970],{},[158,60966,60967,60969],{},[15,60968,52948],{}," to combine values",[158,60971,60972,60974],{},[15,60973,52154],{}," to add one item",[20,60976,41590,60977,1017,60981,109],{},[72,60978,55022,60979,1571],{"href":56271},[15,60980,52154],{},[72,60982,52551],{"href":52550},[35,60984,8092,60986,60988],{"id":60985},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60987,52948],{}," with different iterables",[20,60990,60991,60993],{},[15,60992,52948],{}," works with more than just lists.",[591,60995,60997],{"id":60996},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[40,60999,61001],{"className":42,"code":61000,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61002,61003,61019,61037,61041,61051],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61004,61005,61007,61009,61011,61013,61015,61017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61006,3495],{"class":55},[49,61008,60],{"class":59},[49,61010,3296],{"class":63},[49,61012,2659],{"class":80},[49,61014,84],{"class":63},[49,61016,97],{"class":80},[49,61018,3309],{"class":63},[49,61020,61021,61023,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033,61035],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61022,5031],{"class":55},[49,61024,109],{"class":63},[49,61026,52978],{"class":112},[49,61028,5183],{"class":63},[49,61030,1731],{"class":80},[49,61032,84],{"class":63},[49,61034,2126],{"class":80},[49,61036,1436],{"class":63},[49,61038,61039],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61040,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61042,61043,61045,61047,61049],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61044,123],{"class":122},[49,61046,126],{"class":63},[49,61048,5031],{"class":112},[49,61050,335],{"class":63},[49,61052,61053],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61054,52225],{"class":134},[20,61056,61057],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[591,61059,61061],{"id":61060},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[40,61063,61065],{"className":42,"code":61064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61066,61067,61083,61102,61106,61116],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61068,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61070,35583],{"class":55},[49,61072,60],{"class":59},[49,61074,3296],{"class":63},[49,61076,68],{"class":67},[49,61078,72],{"class":71},[49,61080,68],{"class":67},[49,61082,3309],{"class":63},[49,61084,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61098,61100],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61086,35636],{"class":55},[49,61088,109],{"class":63},[49,61090,52978],{"class":112},[49,61092,126],{"class":63},[49,61094,68],{"class":67},[49,61096,61097],{"class":71},"bc",[49,61099,68],{"class":67},[49,61101,335],{"class":63},[49,61103,61104],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61105,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61107,61108,61110,61112,61114],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61109,123],{"class":122},[49,61111,126],{"class":63},[49,61113,35636],{"class":112},[49,61115,335],{"class":63},[49,61117,61118],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61119,61120],{"class":134},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61122,61123],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[591,61125,61127],{"id":61126},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[40,61129,61131],{"className":42,"code":61130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61132,61133,61145,61167,61171,61181],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61134,61135,61137,61139,61141,61143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61136,3291],{"class":55},[49,61138,60],{"class":59},[49,61140,3296],{"class":63},[49,61142,1790],{"class":80},[49,61144,3309],{"class":63},[49,61146,61147,61149,61151,61153,61155,61157,61159,61161,61163,61165],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61148,3323],{"class":55},[49,61150,109],{"class":63},[49,61152,52978],{"class":112},[49,61154,126],{"class":63},[49,61156,59502],{"class":122},[49,61158,126],{"class":63},[49,61160,2659],{"class":80},[49,61162,84],{"class":63},[49,61164,2126],{"class":80},[49,61166,1436],{"class":63},[49,61168,61169],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61170,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61172,61173,61175,61177,61179],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61174,123],{"class":122},[49,61176,126],{"class":63},[49,61178,3323],{"class":112},[49,61180,335],{"class":63},[49,61182,61183],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61184,61185],{"class":134},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61187,61188,61191,61192,1858,61194,16553,61196,109],{},[15,61189,61190],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61193,2659],{},[15,61195,1725],{},[15,61197,1731],{},[591,61199,61201],{"id":61200},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[40,61203,61205],{"className":42,"code":61204,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61206,61207,61223,61241,61245],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61208,61209,61211,61213,61215,61217,61219,61221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61210,7451],{"class":55},[49,61212,60],{"class":59},[49,61214,3296],{"class":63},[49,61216,2659],{"class":80},[49,61218,84],{"class":63},[49,61220,97],{"class":80},[49,61222,3309],{"class":63},[49,61224,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237,61239],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61226,7482],{"class":55},[49,61228,109],{"class":63},[49,61230,52978],{"class":112},[49,61232,5202],{"class":63},[49,61234,1731],{"class":80},[49,61236,84],{"class":63},[49,61238,2126],{"class":80},[49,61240,29984],{"class":63},[49,61242,61243],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61244,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61246,61247,61249,61251,61253],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61248,123],{"class":122},[49,61250,126],{"class":63},[49,61252,7482],{"class":112},[49,61254,335],{"class":63},[20,61256,61257],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[35,61259,61261],{"id":61260},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61263,61264,480,61266,109],{},[15,61265,52948],{},[15,61267,169],{},[20,61269,61270,61271,77],{},"That means this is ",[30,61272,61273],{},"wrong",[40,61275,61277],{"className":42,"code":61276,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61278,61279,61295,61317,61321,61331],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61280,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61282,3291],{"class":55},[49,61284,60],{"class":59},[49,61286,3296],{"class":63},[49,61288,2659],{"class":80},[49,61290,84],{"class":63},[49,61292,97],{"class":80},[49,61294,3309],{"class":63},[49,61296,61297,61299,61301,61303,61305,61307,61309,61311,61313,61315],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61298,534],{"class":55},[49,61300,60],{"class":59},[49,61302,3936],{"class":55},[49,61304,109],{"class":63},[49,61306,52978],{"class":112},[49,61308,2656],{"class":63},[49,61310,1731],{"class":80},[49,61312,84],{"class":63},[49,61314,2126],{"class":80},[49,61316,3561],{"class":63},[49,61318,61319],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61320,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61322,61323,61325,61327,61329],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61324,123],{"class":122},[49,61326,126],{"class":63},[49,61328,558],{"class":112},[49,61330,335],{"class":63},[49,61332,61333],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61334,61335],{"class":134},"# None\n",[20,61337,61338],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[40,61340,61342],{"className":42,"code":61341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61343,61344,61360,61382,61386,61396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61345,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61347,3291],{"class":55},[49,61349,60],{"class":59},[49,61351,3296],{"class":63},[49,61353,2659],{"class":80},[49,61355,84],{"class":63},[49,61357,97],{"class":80},[49,61359,3309],{"class":63},[49,61361,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61363,3291],{"class":55},[49,61365,60],{"class":59},[49,61367,3936],{"class":55},[49,61369,109],{"class":63},[49,61371,52978],{"class":112},[49,61373,2656],{"class":63},[49,61375,1731],{"class":80},[49,61377,84],{"class":63},[49,61379,2126],{"class":80},[49,61381,3561],{"class":63},[49,61383,61384],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61385,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61387,61388,61390,61392,61394],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61389,123],{"class":122},[49,61391,126],{"class":63},[49,61393,3323],{"class":112},[49,61395,335],{"class":63},[49,61397,61398],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61399,61335],{"class":134},[20,61401,61402],{},"The correct way is:",[40,61404,61405],{"className":42,"code":60842,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,61406,61407,61423,61441,61445,61455],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61408,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61410,3291],{"class":55},[49,61412,60],{"class":59},[49,61414,3296],{"class":63},[49,61416,2659],{"class":80},[49,61418,84],{"class":63},[49,61420,97],{"class":80},[49,61422,3309],{"class":63},[49,61424,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61426,3323],{"class":55},[49,61428,109],{"class":63},[49,61430,52978],{"class":112},[49,61432,2656],{"class":63},[49,61434,1731],{"class":80},[49,61436,84],{"class":63},[49,61438,2126],{"class":80},[49,61440,3561],{"class":63},[49,61442,61443],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61444,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61446,61447,61449,61451,61453],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61448,123],{"class":122},[49,61450,126],{"class":63},[49,61452,3323],{"class":112},[49,61454,335],{"class":63},[49,61456,61457],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61458,52225],{"class":134},[20,61460,55411,61461,61463],{},[15,61462,52948],{}," first, then use the original list.",[35,61465,4192],{"id":4191},[20,61467,14212,61468,109],{},[15,61469,52948],{},[591,61471,61473,61474,61476],{"id":61472},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61475,52948],{}," to return a new list",[40,61478,61480],{"className":42,"code":61479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61481,61482,61498,61520,61524,61534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61483,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61485,3291],{"class":55},[49,61487,60],{"class":59},[49,61489,3296],{"class":63},[49,61491,2659],{"class":80},[49,61493,84],{"class":63},[49,61495,97],{"class":80},[49,61497,3309],{"class":63},[49,61499,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508,61510,61512,61514,61516,61518],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61501,55144],{"class":55},[49,61503,60],{"class":59},[49,61505,3936],{"class":55},[49,61507,109],{"class":63},[49,61509,52978],{"class":112},[49,61511,2656],{"class":63},[49,61513,1731],{"class":80},[49,61515,84],{"class":63},[49,61517,2126],{"class":80},[49,61519,3561],{"class":63},[49,61521,61522],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61523,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61525,61526,61528,61530,61532],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61527,123],{"class":122},[49,61529,126],{"class":63},[49,61531,55163],{"class":112},[49,61533,335],{"class":63},[49,61535,61536],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61537,61335],{"class":134},[20,61539,61540,61541,109],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61542,52948],{},[591,61544,61546,61547,44128,61549,61551],{"id":61545},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61548,52154],{},[15,61550,52948],{}," is needed",[40,61553,61554],{"className":42,"code":60905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,61555,61556,61572,61590,61594,61604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61557,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568,61570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61559,3291],{"class":55},[49,61561,60],{"class":59},[49,61563,3296],{"class":63},[49,61565,2659],{"class":80},[49,61567,84],{"class":63},[49,61569,97],{"class":80},[49,61571,3309],{"class":63},[49,61573,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61575,3323],{"class":55},[49,61577,109],{"class":63},[49,61579,13031],{"class":112},[49,61581,2656],{"class":63},[49,61583,1731],{"class":80},[49,61585,84],{"class":63},[49,61587,2126],{"class":80},[49,61589,3561],{"class":63},[49,61591,61592],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61593,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61595,61596,61598,61600,61602],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61597,123],{"class":122},[49,61599,126],{"class":63},[49,61601,3323],{"class":112},[49,61603,335],{"class":63},[49,61605,61606],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61607,60960],{"class":134},[20,61609,61610,61611,53393,61613,6301],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61612,53392],{},[15,61614,52948],{},[591,61616,61618],{"id":61617},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[40,61620,61622],{"className":42,"code":61621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61623,61624,61640,61658,61662,61672],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61625,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636,61638],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61627,3742],{"class":55},[49,61629,60],{"class":59},[49,61631,3296],{"class":63},[49,61633,68],{"class":67},[49,61635,3518],{"class":71},[49,61637,68],{"class":67},[49,61639,3309],{"class":63},[49,61641,61642,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652,61654,61656],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61643,3786],{"class":55},[49,61645,109],{"class":63},[49,61647,52978],{"class":112},[49,61649,126],{"class":63},[49,61651,68],{"class":67},[49,61653,60095],{"class":71},[49,61655,68],{"class":67},[49,61657,335],{"class":63},[49,61659,61660],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61661,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61663,61664,61666,61668,61670],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61665,123],{"class":122},[49,61667,126],{"class":63},[49,61669,3786],{"class":112},[49,61671,335],{"class":63},[49,61673,61674],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61675,61676],{"class":134},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61678,61679,61680,61683,61684,77],{},"If you want ",[15,61681,61682],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61685,52154],{},[40,61687,61689],{"className":42,"code":61688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61690,61691,61707,61725,61729,61739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61692,61693,61695,61697,61699,61701,61703,61705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61694,3742],{"class":55},[49,61696,60],{"class":59},[49,61698,3296],{"class":63},[49,61700,68],{"class":67},[49,61702,3518],{"class":71},[49,61704,68],{"class":67},[49,61706,3309],{"class":63},[49,61708,61709,61711,61713,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61710,3786],{"class":55},[49,61712,109],{"class":63},[49,61714,13031],{"class":112},[49,61716,126],{"class":63},[49,61718,68],{"class":67},[49,61720,60095],{"class":71},[49,61722,68],{"class":67},[49,61724,335],{"class":63},[49,61726,61727],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61728,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61730,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61732,123],{"class":122},[49,61734,126],{"class":63},[49,61736,3786],{"class":112},[49,61738,335],{"class":63},[49,61740,61741],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61742,61743],{"class":134},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[591,61745,61747],{"id":61746},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[40,61749,61751],{"className":42,"code":61750,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61752,61753,61769],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61754,61755,61757,61759,61761,61763,61765,61767],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61756,3291],{"class":55},[49,61758,60],{"class":59},[49,61760,3296],{"class":63},[49,61762,2659],{"class":80},[49,61764,84],{"class":63},[49,61766,97],{"class":80},[49,61768,3309],{"class":63},[49,61770,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61772,3323],{"class":55},[49,61774,109],{"class":63},[49,61776,52978],{"class":112},[49,61778,126],{"class":63},[49,61780,1807],{"class":80},[49,61782,335],{"class":63},[20,61784,39149,61785,6221],{},[15,61786,1807],{},[20,61788,61789,61790,61792,61793,61796],{},"You will get a ",[15,61791,2676],{},". See ",[72,61794,61795],{"href":52101},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61798,61799],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[40,61801,61803],{"className":42,"code":61802,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61804,61805,61815,61829,61841],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61806,61807,61809,61811,61813],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61808,123],{"class":122},[49,61810,126],{"class":63},[49,61812,8013],{"class":112},[49,61814,335],{"class":63},[49,61816,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825,61827],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61818,123],{"class":122},[49,61820,126],{"class":63},[49,61822,1429],{"class":1428},[49,61824,126],{"class":63},[49,61826,5031],{"class":112},[49,61828,1436],{"class":63},[49,61830,61831,61833,61835,61837,61839],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61832,123],{"class":122},[49,61834,126],{"class":63},[49,61836,558],{"class":112},[49,61838,131],{"class":63},[49,61840,335],{"class":55},[49,61842,61843,61845,61847,61849,61851,61853],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61844,31641],{"class":122},[49,61846,126],{"class":63},[49,61848,7767],{"class":1428},[49,61850,109],{"class":63},[49,61852,52978],{"class":24235},[49,61854,335],{"class":63},[43078,61856,61857],{},[20,61858,61859,61860,61863,61864,61866,61867,109],{},"Note: ",[15,61861,61862],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61865,131],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61868,32516],{},[20,61870,61871],{},"Correct debugging example:",[40,61873,61875],{"className":42,"code":61874,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61876,61877,61893,61909,61913,61927,61931,61939,61949,61963,61973],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61878,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61880,7982],{"class":55},[49,61882,60],{"class":59},[49,61884,3296],{"class":63},[49,61886,2659],{"class":80},[49,61888,84],{"class":63},[49,61890,97],{"class":80},[49,61892,3309],{"class":63},[49,61894,61895,61897,61899,61901,61903,61905,61907],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,61896,3495],{"class":55},[49,61898,60],{"class":59},[49,61900,3296],{"class":63},[49,61902,1731],{"class":80},[49,61904,84],{"class":63},[49,61906,2126],{"class":80},[49,61908,3309],{"class":63},[49,61910,61911],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,61912,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61914,61915,61917,61919,61921,61923,61925],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,61916,8013],{"class":55},[49,61918,109],{"class":63},[49,61920,52978],{"class":112},[49,61922,126],{"class":63},[49,61924,5031],{"class":112},[49,61926,335],{"class":63},[49,61928,61929],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,61930,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,61932,61933,61935,61937],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,61934,534],{"class":55},[49,61936,60],{"class":59},[49,61938,48027],{"class":583},[49,61940,61941,61943,61945,61947],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,61942,123],{"class":122},[49,61944,126],{"class":63},[49,61946,8013],{"class":112},[49,61948,335],{"class":63},[49,61950,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,61952,123],{"class":122},[49,61954,126],{"class":63},[49,61956,1429],{"class":1428},[49,61958,126],{"class":63},[49,61960,5031],{"class":112},[49,61962,1436],{"class":63},[49,61964,61965,61967,61969,61971],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,61966,123],{"class":122},[49,61968,126],{"class":63},[49,61970,558],{"class":112},[49,61972,335],{"class":63},[49,61974,61975,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985],{"class":51,"line":355},[49,61976,31641],{"class":122},[49,61978,126],{"class":63},[49,61980,7767],{"class":1428},[49,61982,109],{"class":63},[49,61984,52978],{"class":24235},[49,61986,335],{"class":63},[35,61988,1223,61990],{"id":61989},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61991,52948],{},[20,61993,1762,61994,5991],{},[15,61995,52948],{},[155,61997,61998,62001,62004],{},[158,61999,62000],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[158,62002,62003],{},"Add multiple values at once",[158,62005,62006],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62008,5145],{},[40,62010,62012],{"className":42,"code":62011,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62013,62014,62031,62049,62053,62069,62073,62083],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62015,62016,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62017,62018],{"class":55},"all_scores ",[49,62020,60],{"class":59},[49,62022,3296],{"class":63},[49,62024,12980],{"class":80},[49,62026,84],{"class":63},[49,62028,12985],{"class":80},[49,62030,3309],{"class":63},[49,62032,62033,62036,62038,62040,62042,62044,62047],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62034,62035],{"class":55},"new_scores ",[49,62037,60],{"class":59},[49,62039,3296],{"class":63},[49,62041,51006],{"class":80},[49,62043,84],{"class":63},[49,62045,62046],{"class":80}," 92",[49,62048,3309],{"class":63},[49,62050,62051],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,62052,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,62054,62055,62058,62060,62062,62064,62067],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,62056,62057],{"class":55},"all_scores",[49,62059,109],{"class":63},[49,62061,52978],{"class":112},[49,62063,126],{"class":63},[49,62065,62066],{"class":112},"new_scores",[49,62068,335],{"class":63},[49,62070,62071],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,62072,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,62074,62075,62077,62079,62081],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,62076,123],{"class":122},[49,62078,126],{"class":63},[49,62080,62057],{"class":112},[49,62082,335],{"class":63},[49,62084,62085],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,62086,62087],{"class":134},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62089,62090,62091,62093,62094,109],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62092,52154],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[72,62095,55022,62096,1571],{"href":53410},[15,62097,53770],{},[35,62099,1498],{"id":1497},[591,62101,1502,62103,54971],{"id":62102},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62104,52849],{},[20,62106,62107,62108,109],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62109,169],{},[591,62111,1524,62113,1017,62115,1529],{"id":62112},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62114,52948],{},[15,62116,52154],{},[20,62118,62119,62121,62122,62124],{},[15,62120,52948],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62123,52154],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[591,62126,27815,62128,62130],{"id":62127},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62129,52948],{}," with a string?",[20,62132,62133],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[591,62135,27815,62137,62139],{"id":62136},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62138,52948],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62141,62142],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[591,62144,62146,62147,1529],{"id":62145},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62148,52948],{},[20,62150,62151,62152,62154],{},"You get a ",[15,62153,2676],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[35,62156,1550],{"id":1549},[155,62158,62159,62165,62169,62173,62177,62183,62187],{},[158,62160,62161],{},[72,62162,55022,62163,1571],{"href":56271},[15,62164,52154],{},[158,62166,62167],{},[72,62168,53780],{"href":52550},[158,62170,62171],{},[72,62172,56731],{"href":56656},[158,62174,62175],{},[72,62176,52273],{"href":50480},[158,62178,62179],{},[72,62180,55022,62181,1571],{"href":53410},[15,62182,53770],{},[158,62184,62185],{},[72,62186,61795],{"href":52101},[158,62188,62189],{},[72,62190,55022,62191,1571],{"href":54462},[15,62192,1585],{},[20,62194,62195,62196,62198,62199,62201],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62197,52154],{},", when to use ",[15,62200,53770],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1597,62203,62204],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":62206},[62207,62208,62210,62211,62212,62219,62226,62227,62235,62237,62249],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":60604,"depth":103,"text":62209},"What list.extend() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":60685,"depth":103,"text":60686},{"id":60822,"depth":103,"text":62213,"children":62214},"extend() vs append()",[62215,62217],{"id":60836,"depth":119,"text":62216},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60899,"depth":119,"text":62218},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60985,"depth":103,"text":62220,"children":62221},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62222,62223,62224,62225],{"id":60996,"depth":119,"text":60997},{"id":61060,"depth":119,"text":61061},{"id":61126,"depth":119,"text":61127},{"id":61200,"depth":119,"text":61201},{"id":61260,"depth":103,"text":61261},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":62228},[62229,62231,62233,62234],{"id":61472,"depth":119,"text":62230},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61545,"depth":119,"text":62232},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61617,"depth":119,"text":61618},{"id":61746,"depth":119,"text":61747},{"id":61989,"depth":103,"text":62236},"When to use extend()",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":62238},[62239,62241,62243,62245,62247],{"id":62102,"depth":119,"text":62240},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62112,"depth":119,"text":62242},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62127,"depth":119,"text":62244},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62136,"depth":119,"text":62246},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62145,"depth":119,"text":62248},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60508,"description":62250},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62257,"title":62258,"body":62259,"description":64350,"extension":1632,"meta":64351,"navigation":312,"path":64352,"seo":64353,"stem":64354,"__hash__":64355},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62260,"toc":64313},[62261,62264,62269,62275,62286,62292,62294,62363,62365,62414,62422,62426,62431,62434,62445,62450,62452,62454,62475,62488,62491,62504,62506,62511,62536,62538,62546,62549,62618,62620,62644,62650,62654,62658,62694,62696,62716,62723,62727,62760,62762,62796,62801,62805,62838,62840,62868,62876,62880,62917,62919,62940,62943,62947,63016,63018,63042,63048,63055,63059,63062,63064,63078,63081,63105,63107,63132,63135,63154,63156,63182,63191,63195,63202,63279,63281,63322,63328,63334,63425,63427,63483,63486,63491,63495,63500,63504,63563,63565,63590,63594,63657,63659,63684,63688,63751,63753,63796,63799,63803,63807,63829,63833,63915,63917,63952,63960,63962,63966,63970,63972,63999,64004,64006,64033,64040,64043,64066,64068,64117,64120,64123,64142,64146,64149,64200,64203,64209,64213,64218,64221,64223,64229,64238,64242,64248,64252,64255,64259,64262,64266,64272,64274,64310],[10,62262,62258],{"id":62263},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62265,8798,62266,62268],{},[15,62267,24266],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62270,62271,62272,62274],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62273,24266],{}," for two main reasons:",[155,62276,62277,62280],{},[158,62278,62279],{},"to make an empty list",[158,62281,62282,62283,62285],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62284,59502],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62287,62288,62289,62291],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62290,24266],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[35,62293,38],{"id":37},[40,62295,62297],{"className":42,"code":62296,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62298,62299,62321,62339,62343,62353],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62300,62301,62303,62305,62307,62309,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62302,3291],{"class":55},[49,62304,60],{"class":59},[49,62306,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62308,5183],{"class":63},[49,62310,2659],{"class":80},[49,62312,84],{"class":63},[49,62314,97],{"class":80},[49,62316,84],{"class":63},[49,62318,2120],{"class":80},[49,62320,1436],{"class":63},[49,62322,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62324,35583],{"class":55},[49,62326,60],{"class":59},[49,62328,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62330,126],{"class":63},[49,62332,68],{"class":67},[49,62334,41057],{"class":71},[49,62336,68],{"class":67},[49,62338,335],{"class":63},[49,62340,62341],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,62342,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,62344,62345,62347,62349,62351],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,62346,123],{"class":122},[49,62348,126],{"class":63},[49,62350,3323],{"class":112},[49,62352,335],{"class":63},[49,62354,62355,62357,62359,62361],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,62356,123],{"class":122},[49,62358,126],{"class":63},[49,62360,35636],{"class":112},[49,62362,335],{"class":63},[20,62364,573],{},[40,62366,62368],{"className":42,"code":62367,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62369,62370,62386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62371,62372,62374,62376,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62373,3573],{"class":63},[49,62375,2659],{"class":80},[49,62377,84],{"class":63},[49,62379,97],{"class":80},[49,62381,84],{"class":63},[49,62383,2120],{"class":80},[49,62385,3309],{"class":63},[49,62387,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62389,3573],{"class":63},[49,62391,397],{"class":67},[49,62393,72],{"class":71},[49,62395,397],{"class":67},[49,62397,84],{"class":63},[49,62399,406],{"class":67},[49,62401,90],{"class":71},[49,62403,397],{"class":67},[49,62405,84],{"class":63},[49,62407,406],{"class":67},[49,62409,9406],{"class":71},[49,62411,397],{"class":67},[49,62413,3309],{"class":63},[20,62415,1762,62416,62418,62419,62421],{},[15,62417,24266],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62420,59502],{},", set, or dictionary.",[35,62423,62425],{"id":62424},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62427,62428,62430],{},[15,62429,24266],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62432,62433],{},"It can:",[155,62435,62436,62439,62442],{},[158,62437,62438],{},"create a new list object",[158,62440,62441],{},"make an empty list",[158,62443,62444],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62446,62447,62448,109],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[72,62449,52273],{"href":50480},[35,62451,189],{"id":188},[20,62453,25973],{},[40,62455,62457],{"className":42,"code":62456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62458,62459,62465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62460,62461,62463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62462,7767],{"class":1428},[49,62464,116],{"class":63},[49,62466,62467,62469,62471,62473],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62468,7767],{"class":1428},[49,62470,126],{"class":63},[49,62472,3394],{"class":112},[49,62474,335],{"class":63},[155,62476,62477,62482],{},[158,62478,62479,62481],{},[15,62480,24266],{}," makes an empty list",[158,62483,62484,62487],{},[15,62485,62486],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62489,62490],{},"Common iterable values include:",[155,62492,62493,62495,62497,62499,62502],{},[158,62494,4981],{},[158,62496,4975],{},[158,62498,4978],{},[158,62500,62501],{},"ranges",[158,62503,6922],{},[35,62505,59124],{"id":59123},[20,62507,1762,62508,62510],{},[15,62509,24266],{}," with no arguments:",[40,62512,62514],{"className":42,"code":62513,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62515,62516,62526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62517,62518,62520,62522,62524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62519,7451],{"class":55},[49,62521,60],{"class":59},[49,62523,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62525,116],{"class":63},[49,62527,62528,62530,62532,62534],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62529,123],{"class":122},[49,62531,126],{"class":63},[49,62533,7482],{"class":112},[49,62535,335],{"class":63},[20,62537,573],{},[40,62539,62540],{"className":42,"code":37792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62541,62542],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62543,62544],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62545,37792],{"class":63},[20,62547,62548],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[40,62550,62552],{"className":42,"code":62551,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62553,62554,62564,62568,62586,62604,62608],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62555,62556,62558,62560,62562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62557,7451],{"class":55},[49,62559,60],{"class":59},[49,62561,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62563,116],{"class":63},[49,62565,62566],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62567,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,62569,62570,62572,62574,62576,62578,62580,62582,62584],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,62571,7482],{"class":55},[49,62573,109],{"class":63},[49,62575,13031],{"class":112},[49,62577,126],{"class":63},[49,62579,68],{"class":67},[49,62581,3751],{"class":71},[49,62583,68],{"class":67},[49,62585,335],{"class":63},[49,62587,62588,62590,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,62589,7482],{"class":55},[49,62591,109],{"class":63},[49,62593,13031],{"class":112},[49,62595,126],{"class":63},[49,62597,68],{"class":67},[49,62599,3760],{"class":71},[49,62601,68],{"class":67},[49,62603,335],{"class":63},[49,62605,62606],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,62607,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,62609,62610,62612,62614,62616],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,62611,123],{"class":122},[49,62613,126],{"class":63},[49,62615,7482],{"class":112},[49,62617,335],{"class":63},[20,62619,573],{},[40,62621,62622],{"className":42,"code":37918,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62623,62624],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62625,62626,62628,62630,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640,62642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62627,3573],{"class":63},[49,62629,397],{"class":67},[49,62631,3751],{"class":71},[49,62633,397],{"class":67},[49,62635,84],{"class":63},[49,62637,406],{"class":67},[49,62639,3760],{"class":71},[49,62641,397],{"class":67},[49,62643,3309],{"class":63},[20,62645,62646,62647,62649],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62648,3460],{},". Both are valid.",[35,62651,62653],{"id":62652},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[591,62655,62657],{"id":62656},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[40,62659,62660],{"className":42,"code":59422,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62661,62662,62684],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62663,62664,62666,62668,62670,62672,62674,62676,62678,62680,62682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62665,3291],{"class":55},[49,62667,60],{"class":59},[49,62669,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62671,5183],{"class":63},[49,62673,2659],{"class":80},[49,62675,84],{"class":63},[49,62677,97],{"class":80},[49,62679,84],{"class":63},[49,62681,2120],{"class":80},[49,62683,1436],{"class":63},[49,62685,62686,62688,62690,62692],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62687,123],{"class":122},[49,62689,126],{"class":63},[49,62691,3323],{"class":112},[49,62693,335],{"class":63},[20,62695,573],{},[40,62697,62698],{"className":42,"code":54652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62699,62700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62701,62702,62704,62706,62708,62710,62712,62714],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62703,3573],{"class":63},[49,62705,2659],{"class":80},[49,62707,84],{"class":63},[49,62709,97],{"class":80},[49,62711,84],{"class":63},[49,62713,2120],{"class":80},[49,62715,3309],{"class":63},[20,62717,62718,62719,109],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[72,62720,62722],{"href":62721},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[591,62724,62726],{"id":62725},"string-to-list","String to list",[40,62728,62730],{"className":42,"code":62729,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62731,62732,62750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62733,62734,62736,62738,62740,62742,62744,62746,62748],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62735,35583],{"class":55},[49,62737,60],{"class":59},[49,62739,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62741,126],{"class":63},[49,62743,68],{"class":67},[49,62745,36541],{"class":71},[49,62747,68],{"class":67},[49,62749,335],{"class":63},[49,62751,62752,62754,62756,62758],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62753,123],{"class":122},[49,62755,126],{"class":63},[49,62757,35636],{"class":112},[49,62759,335],{"class":63},[20,62761,573],{},[40,62763,62765],{"className":42,"code":62764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62766,62767],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62768,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779,62781,62783,62785,62787,62789,62792,62794],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62770,3573],{"class":63},[49,62772,397],{"class":67},[49,62774,9406],{"class":71},[49,62776,397],{"class":67},[49,62778,84],{"class":63},[49,62780,406],{"class":67},[49,62782,72],{"class":71},[49,62784,397],{"class":67},[49,62786,84],{"class":63},[49,62788,406],{"class":67},[49,62790,62791],{"class":71},"t",[49,62793,397],{"class":67},[49,62795,3309],{"class":63},[20,62797,62798,62800],{},[15,62799,24266],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[591,62802,62804],{"id":62803},"range-to-list","Range to list",[40,62806,62808],{"className":42,"code":62807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62809,62810,62828],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62811,62812,62814,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62813,3291],{"class":55},[49,62815,60],{"class":59},[49,62817,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62819,126],{"class":63},[49,62821,59502],{"class":122},[49,62823,126],{"class":63},[49,62825,1807],{"class":80},[49,62827,1436],{"class":63},[49,62829,62830,62832,62834,62836],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62831,123],{"class":122},[49,62833,126],{"class":63},[49,62835,3323],{"class":112},[49,62837,335],{"class":63},[20,62839,573],{},[40,62841,62842],{"className":42,"code":59525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62843,62844],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62845,62846,62848,62850,62852,62854,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864,62866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62847,3573],{"class":63},[49,62849,1790],{"class":80},[49,62851,84],{"class":63},[49,62853,81],{"class":80},[49,62855,84],{"class":63},[49,62857,97],{"class":80},[49,62859,84],{"class":63},[49,62861,2120],{"class":80},[49,62863,84],{"class":63},[49,62865,2126],{"class":80},[49,62867,3309],{"class":63},[20,62869,62870,62871,62875],{},"This is common when working with ",[72,62872,62873],{"href":35688},[15,62874,35691],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[591,62877,62879],{"id":62878},"set-to-list","Set to list",[40,62881,62883],{"className":42,"code":62882,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62884,62885,62907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62886,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62888,3495],{"class":55},[49,62890,60],{"class":59},[49,62892,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62894,5202],{"class":63},[49,62896,1999],{"class":80},[49,62898,84],{"class":63},[49,62900,7462],{"class":80},[49,62902,84],{"class":63},[49,62904,7467],{"class":80},[49,62906,29984],{"class":63},[49,62908,62909,62911,62913,62915],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62910,123],{"class":122},[49,62912,126],{"class":63},[49,62914,5031],{"class":112},[49,62916,335],{"class":63},[20,62918,16439],{},[40,62920,62922],{"className":42,"code":62921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62923,62924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62925,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62927,3573],{"class":63},[49,62929,1999],{"class":80},[49,62931,84],{"class":63},[49,62933,7462],{"class":80},[49,62935,84],{"class":63},[49,62937,7467],{"class":80},[49,62939,3309],{"class":63},[20,62941,62942],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[591,62944,62946],{"id":62945},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[40,62948,62950],{"className":42,"code":62949,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62951,62952,62988,63002,63006],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62953,62954,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62955,12682],{"class":55},[49,62957,60],{"class":59},[49,62959,64],{"class":63},[49,62961,68],{"class":67},[49,62963,251],{"class":71},[49,62965,68],{"class":67},[49,62967,77],{"class":63},[49,62969,87],{"class":67},[49,62971,12357],{"class":71},[49,62973,68],{"class":67},[49,62975,84],{"class":63},[49,62977,87],{"class":67},[49,62979,272],{"class":71},[49,62981,68],{"class":67},[49,62983,77],{"class":63},[49,62985,279],{"class":80},[49,62987,100],{"class":63},[49,62989,62990,62992,62994,62996,62998,63000],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,62991,534],{"class":55},[49,62993,60],{"class":59},[49,62995,22044],{"class":1428},[49,62997,126],{"class":63},[49,62999,16788],{"class":112},[49,63001,335],{"class":63},[49,63003,63004],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,63005,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,63007,63008,63010,63012,63014],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,63009,123],{"class":122},[49,63011,126],{"class":63},[49,63013,558],{"class":112},[49,63015,335],{"class":63},[20,63017,573],{},[40,63019,63020],{"className":42,"code":24966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63021,63022],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63023,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63025,3573],{"class":63},[49,63027,397],{"class":67},[49,63029,251],{"class":71},[49,63031,397],{"class":67},[49,63033,84],{"class":63},[49,63035,406],{"class":67},[49,63037,272],{"class":71},[49,63039,397],{"class":67},[49,63041,3309],{"class":63},[20,63043,63044,63045,63047],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63046,24266],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63049,63050,63051,109],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[72,63052,63054],{"href":63053},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[35,63056,63058],{"id":63057},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63060,63061],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63063,60659],{},[155,63065,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076],{},[158,63067,4972],{},[158,63069,4975],{},[158,63071,4981],{},[158,63073,4978],{},[158,63075,62501],{},[158,63077,6922],{},[20,63079,63080],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[40,63082,63084],{"className":42,"code":63083,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63085,63086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63087,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098,63101,63103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63089,123],{"class":122},[49,63091,126],{"class":63},[49,63093,7767],{"class":1428},[49,63095,126],{"class":63},[49,63097,68],{"class":67},[49,63099,63100],{"class":71},"hi",[49,63102,68],{"class":67},[49,63104,1436],{"class":63},[20,63106,573],{},[40,63108,63110],{"className":42,"code":63109,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63111,63112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63113,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63115,3573],{"class":63},[49,63117,397],{"class":67},[49,63119,59942],{"class":71},[49,63121,397],{"class":67},[49,63123,84],{"class":63},[49,63125,406],{"class":67},[49,63127,35647],{"class":71},[49,63129,397],{"class":67},[49,63131,3309],{"class":63},[20,63133,63134],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[40,63136,63138],{"className":42,"code":63137,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63139,63140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63141,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63143,123],{"class":122},[49,63145,126],{"class":63},[49,63147,7767],{"class":1428},[49,63149,126],{"class":63},[49,63151,1807],{"class":80},[49,63153,1436],{"class":63},[20,63155,573],{},[40,63157,63159],{"className":42,"code":63158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63160,63161],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63162,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175,63177,63179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63164,2676],{"class":1428},[49,63166,77],{"class":63},[49,63168,406],{"class":67},[49,63170,1857],{"class":71},[49,63172,397],{"class":67},[49,63174,24102],{"class":1428},[49,63176,7770],{"class":59},[49,63178,7773],{"class":59},[49,63180,63181],{"class":55}," iterable\n",[20,63183,63184,63185,63187,63188,109],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[72,63186,4810],{"href":5258},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[72,63189,63190],{"href":52101},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[35,63192,63194],{"id":63193},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63196,63197,63198,63201],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63199,63200],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[40,63203,63205],{"className":42,"code":63204,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63206,63207,63227,63241,63245,63255,63265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63208,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63210,865],{"class":55},[49,63212,60],{"class":59},[49,63214,3296],{"class":63},[49,63216,2659],{"class":80},[49,63218,84],{"class":63},[49,63220,97],{"class":80},[49,63222,84],{"class":63},[49,63224,2120],{"class":80},[49,63226,3309],{"class":63},[49,63228,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63230,13790],{"class":55},[49,63232,60],{"class":59},[49,63234,22044],{"class":1428},[49,63236,126],{"class":63},[49,63238,912],{"class":112},[49,63240,335],{"class":63},[49,63242,63243],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,63244,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,63246,63247,63249,63251,63253],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,63248,123],{"class":122},[49,63250,126],{"class":63},[49,63252,912],{"class":112},[49,63254,335],{"class":63},[49,63256,63257,63259,63261,63263],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,63258,123],{"class":122},[49,63260,126],{"class":63},[49,63262,13809],{"class":112},[49,63264,335],{"class":63},[49,63266,63267,63269,63271,63273,63275,63277],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,63268,123],{"class":122},[49,63270,126],{"class":63},[49,63272,865],{"class":112},[49,63274,974],{"class":973},[49,63276,13863],{"class":112},[49,63278,335],{"class":63},[20,63280,573],{},[40,63282,63284],{"className":42,"code":63283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63285,63286,63302,63318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63287,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63289,3573],{"class":63},[49,63291,2659],{"class":80},[49,63293,84],{"class":63},[49,63295,97],{"class":80},[49,63297,84],{"class":63},[49,63299,2120],{"class":80},[49,63301,3309],{"class":63},[49,63303,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63305,3573],{"class":63},[49,63307,2659],{"class":80},[49,63309,84],{"class":63},[49,63311,97],{"class":80},[49,63313,84],{"class":63},[49,63315,2120],{"class":80},[49,63317,3309],{"class":63},[49,63319,63320],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,63321,1194],{"class":583},[20,63323,63324,63325,63327],{},"This means ",[15,63326,13809],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63329,63330,63331,63333],{},"However, this is only a ",[30,63332,12327],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[40,63335,63337],{"className":42,"code":63336,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63338,63339,63365,63379,63383,63401,63405,63415],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63340,63341,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63342,865],{"class":55},[49,63344,60],{"class":59},[49,63346,55796],{"class":63},[49,63348,2659],{"class":80},[49,63350,84],{"class":63},[49,63352,97],{"class":80},[49,63354,17544],{"class":63},[49,63356,3296],{"class":63},[49,63358,1731],{"class":80},[49,63360,84],{"class":63},[49,63362,2126],{"class":80},[49,63364,52744],{"class":63},[49,63366,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63368,13790],{"class":55},[49,63370,60],{"class":59},[49,63372,22044],{"class":1428},[49,63374,126],{"class":63},[49,63376,912],{"class":112},[49,63378,335],{"class":63},[49,63380,63381],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,63382,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,63384,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,63386,13809],{"class":55},[49,63388,3573],{"class":63},[49,63390,1790],{"class":80},[49,63392,13028],{"class":63},[49,63394,13031],{"class":112},[49,63396,126],{"class":63},[49,63398,55849],{"class":80},[49,63400,335],{"class":63},[49,63402,63403],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,63404,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,63406,63407,63409,63411,63413],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,63408,123],{"class":122},[49,63410,126],{"class":63},[49,63412,912],{"class":112},[49,63414,335],{"class":63},[49,63416,63417,63419,63421,63423],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,63418,123],{"class":122},[49,63420,126],{"class":63},[49,63422,13809],{"class":112},[49,63424,335],{"class":63},[20,63426,573],{},[40,63428,63429],{"className":42,"code":55880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63430,63431,63457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63432,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63434,55887],{"class":63},[49,63436,2659],{"class":80},[49,63438,84],{"class":63},[49,63440,97],{"class":80},[49,63442,84],{"class":63},[49,63444,9862],{"class":80},[49,63446,17544],{"class":63},[49,63448,3296],{"class":63},[49,63450,1731],{"class":80},[49,63452,84],{"class":63},[49,63454,2126],{"class":80},[49,63456,52744],{"class":63},[49,63458,63459,63461,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63460,55887],{"class":63},[49,63462,2659],{"class":80},[49,63464,84],{"class":63},[49,63466,97],{"class":80},[49,63468,84],{"class":63},[49,63470,9862],{"class":80},[49,63472,17544],{"class":63},[49,63474,3296],{"class":63},[49,63476,1731],{"class":80},[49,63478,84],{"class":63},[49,63480,2126],{"class":80},[49,63482,52744],{"class":63},[20,63484,63485],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63487,63488,63489,109],{},"For more on this, see ",[72,63490,13269],{"href":13268},[35,63492,63494],{"id":63493},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63496,63497,63498,109],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63499,24266],{},[591,63501,63503],{"id":63502},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[40,63505,63507],{"className":42,"code":63506,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63508,63509,63549],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63510,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63512,12340],{"class":55},[49,63514,60],{"class":59},[49,63516,64],{"class":63},[49,63518,68],{"class":67},[49,63520,251],{"class":71},[49,63522,68],{"class":67},[49,63524,77],{"class":63},[49,63526,87],{"class":67},[49,63528,7594],{"class":71},[49,63530,68],{"class":67},[49,63532,84],{"class":63},[49,63534,87],{"class":67},[49,63536,19374],{"class":71},[49,63538,68],{"class":67},[49,63540,77],{"class":63},[49,63542,87],{"class":67},[49,63544,21729],{"class":71},[49,63546,68],{"class":67},[49,63548,100],{"class":63},[49,63550,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63552,123],{"class":122},[49,63554,126],{"class":63},[49,63556,7767],{"class":1428},[49,63558,126],{"class":63},[49,63560,13104],{"class":112},[49,63562,1436],{"class":63},[20,63564,573],{},[40,63566,63568],{"className":42,"code":63567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63569,63570],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63571,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63573,3573],{"class":63},[49,63575,397],{"class":67},[49,63577,251],{"class":71},[49,63579,397],{"class":67},[49,63581,84],{"class":63},[49,63583,406],{"class":67},[49,63585,19374],{"class":71},[49,63587,397],{"class":67},[49,63589,3309],{"class":63},[591,63591,63593],{"id":63592},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[40,63595,63597],{"className":42,"code":63596,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63598,63599,63639],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63600,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63602,12340],{"class":55},[49,63604,60],{"class":59},[49,63606,64],{"class":63},[49,63608,68],{"class":67},[49,63610,251],{"class":71},[49,63612,68],{"class":67},[49,63614,77],{"class":63},[49,63616,87],{"class":67},[49,63618,7594],{"class":71},[49,63620,68],{"class":67},[49,63622,84],{"class":63},[49,63624,87],{"class":67},[49,63626,19374],{"class":71},[49,63628,68],{"class":67},[49,63630,77],{"class":63},[49,63632,87],{"class":67},[49,63634,21729],{"class":71},[49,63636,68],{"class":67},[49,63638,100],{"class":63},[49,63640,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63642,123],{"class":122},[49,63644,126],{"class":63},[49,63646,7767],{"class":1428},[49,63648,126],{"class":63},[49,63650,13104],{"class":112},[49,63652,109],{"class":63},[49,63654,5031],{"class":112},[49,63656,5963],{"class":63},[20,63658,573],{},[40,63660,63662],{"className":42,"code":63661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63663,63664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63665,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63667,3573],{"class":63},[49,63669,397],{"class":67},[49,63671,7594],{"class":71},[49,63673,397],{"class":67},[49,63675,84],{"class":63},[49,63677,406],{"class":67},[49,63679,21729],{"class":71},[49,63681,397],{"class":67},[49,63683,3309],{"class":63},[591,63685,63687],{"id":63686},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[40,63689,63691],{"className":42,"code":63690,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63692,63693,63733],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63694,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63696,12340],{"class":55},[49,63698,60],{"class":59},[49,63700,64],{"class":63},[49,63702,68],{"class":67},[49,63704,251],{"class":71},[49,63706,68],{"class":67},[49,63708,77],{"class":63},[49,63710,87],{"class":67},[49,63712,7594],{"class":71},[49,63714,68],{"class":67},[49,63716,84],{"class":63},[49,63718,87],{"class":67},[49,63720,19374],{"class":71},[49,63722,68],{"class":67},[49,63724,77],{"class":63},[49,63726,87],{"class":67},[49,63728,21729],{"class":71},[49,63730,68],{"class":67},[49,63732,100],{"class":63},[49,63734,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63736,123],{"class":122},[49,63738,126],{"class":63},[49,63740,7767],{"class":1428},[49,63742,126],{"class":63},[49,63744,13104],{"class":112},[49,63746,109],{"class":63},[49,63748,7482],{"class":112},[49,63750,5963],{"class":63},[20,63752,573],{},[40,63754,63756],{"className":42,"code":63755,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63757,63758],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63759,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63761,21224],{"class":63},[49,63763,397],{"class":67},[49,63765,251],{"class":71},[49,63767,397],{"class":67},[49,63769,84],{"class":63},[49,63771,406],{"class":67},[49,63773,7594],{"class":71},[49,63775,397],{"class":67},[49,63777,8904],{"class":63},[49,63779,8907],{"class":63},[49,63781,397],{"class":67},[49,63783,19374],{"class":71},[49,63785,397],{"class":67},[49,63787,84],{"class":63},[49,63789,406],{"class":67},[49,63791,21729],{"class":71},[49,63793,397],{"class":67},[49,63795,8920],{"class":63},[20,63797,63798],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[35,63800,63802],{"id":63801},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63804,1762,63805,10265],{},[15,63806,24266],{},[155,63808,63809,63817,63826],{},[158,63810,63811,63812,2548,63814],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63813,52154],{},[15,63815,63816],{},"sort()",[158,63818,63819,63820,2548,63822,63825],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63821,35691],{},[15,63823,63824],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[158,63827,63828],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63830,45539,63831,77],{},[15,63832,63824],{},[40,63834,63836],{"className":42,"code":63835,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63837,63838,63862,63878,63882,63905],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63839,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63841,4668],{"class":55},[49,63843,60],{"class":59},[49,63845,3296],{"class":63},[49,63847,68],{"class":67},[49,63849,12357],{"class":71},[49,63851,68],{"class":67},[49,63853,84],{"class":63},[49,63855,87],{"class":67},[49,63857,35433],{"class":71},[49,63859,68],{"class":67},[49,63861,3309],{"class":63},[49,63863,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63865,4737],{"class":55},[49,63867,60],{"class":59},[49,63869,3296],{"class":63},[49,63871,12980],{"class":80},[49,63873,84],{"class":63},[49,63875,12985],{"class":80},[49,63877,3309],{"class":63},[49,63879,63880],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,63881,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,63883,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,63885,8886],{"class":55},[49,63887,60],{"class":59},[49,63889,22044],{"class":1428},[49,63891,126],{"class":63},[49,63893,63894],{"class":122},"zip",[49,63896,126],{"class":63},[49,63898,4712],{"class":112},[49,63900,84],{"class":63},[49,63902,4784],{"class":112},[49,63904,1436],{"class":63},[49,63906,63907,63909,63911,63913],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,63908,123],{"class":122},[49,63910,126],{"class":63},[49,63912,8933],{"class":112},[49,63914,335],{"class":63},[20,63916,573],{},[40,63918,63920],{"className":42,"code":63919,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63921,63922],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63923,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63925,21224],{"class":63},[49,63927,397],{"class":67},[49,63929,12357],{"class":71},[49,63931,397],{"class":67},[49,63933,84],{"class":63},[49,63935,19381],{"class":80},[49,63937,8904],{"class":63},[49,63939,8907],{"class":63},[49,63941,397],{"class":67},[49,63943,35433],{"class":71},[49,63945,397],{"class":67},[49,63947,84],{"class":63},[49,63949,12985],{"class":80},[49,63951,8920],{"class":63},[20,63953,63954,63955,63957,63958,109],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63956,52154],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[72,63959,52551],{"href":52550},[35,63961,4192],{"id":4191},[20,63963,56278,63964,109],{},[15,63965,24266],{},[591,63967,63969],{"id":63968},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63971,4199],{},[40,63973,63975],{"className":42,"code":63974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63976,63977,63981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63978,63979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63980,4209],{"class":134},[49,63982,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,63984,7767],{"class":1428},[49,63986,126],{"class":63},[49,63988,2659],{"class":80},[49,63990,84],{"class":63},[49,63992,97],{"class":80},[49,63994,84],{"class":63},[49,63996,2120],{"class":80},[49,63998,335],{"class":63},[20,64000,64001,64003],{},[15,64002,24266],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64005,18177],{},[40,64007,64009],{"className":42,"code":64008,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64010,64011],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64012,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64014,123],{"class":122},[49,64016,126],{"class":63},[49,64018,7767],{"class":1428},[49,64020,5183],{"class":63},[49,64022,2659],{"class":80},[49,64024,84],{"class":63},[49,64026,97],{"class":80},[49,64028,84],{"class":63},[49,64030,2120],{"class":80},[49,64032,2582],{"class":63},[591,64034,64036,64037],{"id":64035},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[49,64038,64039],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64041,64042],{},"This is a common surprise:",[40,64044,64046],{"className":42,"code":64045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64047,64048],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64049,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64051,123],{"class":122},[49,64053,126],{"class":63},[49,64055,7767],{"class":1428},[49,64057,126],{"class":63},[49,64059,68],{"class":67},[49,64061,3518],{"class":71},[49,64063,68],{"class":67},[49,64065,1436],{"class":63},[20,64067,573],{},[40,64069,64071],{"className":42,"code":64070,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64072,64073],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64074,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64076,3573],{"class":63},[49,64078,397],{"class":67},[49,64080,59942],{"class":71},[49,64082,397],{"class":67},[49,64084,84],{"class":63},[49,64086,406],{"class":67},[49,64088,59951],{"class":71},[49,64090,397],{"class":67},[49,64092,84],{"class":63},[49,64094,406],{"class":67},[49,64096,59960],{"class":71},[49,64098,397],{"class":67},[49,64100,84],{"class":63},[49,64102,406],{"class":67},[49,64104,59960],{"class":71},[49,64106,397],{"class":67},[49,64108,84],{"class":63},[49,64110,406],{"class":67},[49,64112,59977],{"class":71},[49,64114,397],{"class":67},[49,64116,3309],{"class":63},[20,64118,64119],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64121,64122],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[40,64124,64126],{"className":42,"code":64125,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64127,64128],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64129,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64131,123],{"class":122},[49,64133,2656],{"class":63},[49,64135,68],{"class":67},[49,64137,3518],{"class":71},[49,64139,68],{"class":67},[49,64141,3561],{"class":63},[591,64143,64145],{"id":64144},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64147,64148],{},"This:",[40,64150,64152],{"className":42,"code":64151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64153,64154,64186],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64155,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64157,56],{"class":55},[49,64159,60],{"class":59},[49,64161,64],{"class":63},[49,64163,68],{"class":67},[49,64165,72],{"class":71},[49,64167,68],{"class":67},[49,64169,77],{"class":63},[49,64171,81],{"class":80},[49,64173,84],{"class":63},[49,64175,87],{"class":67},[49,64177,90],{"class":71},[49,64179,68],{"class":67},[49,64181,77],{"class":63},[49,64183,97],{"class":80},[49,64185,100],{"class":63},[49,64187,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,64189,123],{"class":122},[49,64191,126],{"class":63},[49,64193,7767],{"class":1428},[49,64195,126],{"class":63},[49,64197,106],{"class":112},[49,64199,1436],{"class":63},[20,64201,64202],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64204,1762,64205,64208],{},[15,64206,64207],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[591,64210,64212],{"id":64211},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64214,64215,64217],{},[15,64216,24266],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64219,64220],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[35,64222,1498],{"id":1497},[591,64224,1524,64226,64228],{"id":64225},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[49,64227],{}," and list()?",[20,64230,64231,64232,64234,64235,64237],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64233,3460],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64236,24266],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[591,64239,64241],{"id":64240},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64243,64244,64245,64247],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64246,24266],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[591,64249,64251],{"id":64250},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64253,64254],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[591,64256,64258],{"id":64257},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64260,64261],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[591,64263,64265],{"id":64264},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64267,64268,64269,64271],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64270,24266],{}," cannot loop through it.",[35,64273,1550],{"id":1549},[155,64275,64276,64280,64285,64289,64293,64297,64301,64306],{},[158,64277,64278],{},[72,64279,52273],{"href":50480},[158,64281,64282],{},[72,64283,64284],{"href":35688},"Python range() function explained",[158,64286,64287],{},[72,64288,62722],{"href":62721},[158,64290,64291],{},[72,64292,63054],{"href":63053},[158,64294,64295],{},[72,64296,4888],{"href":5258},[158,64298,64299],{},[72,64300,13269],{"href":13268},[158,64302,64303],{},[72,64304,64305],{"href":52101},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[158,64307,64308],{},[72,64309,53780],{"href":52550},[1597,64311,64312],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":64314},[64315,64316,64317,64318,64319,64326,64327,64328,64333,64334,64341,64349],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":62424,"depth":103,"text":62425},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":59123,"depth":103,"text":59124},{"id":62652,"depth":103,"text":62653,"children":64320},[64321,64322,64323,64324,64325],{"id":62656,"depth":119,"text":62657},{"id":62725,"depth":119,"text":62726},{"id":62803,"depth":119,"text":62804},{"id":62878,"depth":119,"text":62879},{"id":62945,"depth":119,"text":62946},{"id":63057,"depth":103,"text":63058},{"id":63193,"depth":103,"text":63194},{"id":63493,"depth":103,"text":63494,"children":64329},[64330,64331,64332],{"id":63502,"depth":119,"text":63503},{"id":63592,"depth":119,"text":63593},{"id":63686,"depth":119,"text":63687},{"id":63801,"depth":103,"text":63802},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":64335},[64336,64337,64339,64340],{"id":63968,"depth":119,"text":63969},{"id":64035,"depth":119,"text":64338},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64144,"depth":119,"text":64145},{"id":64211,"depth":119,"text":64212},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":64342},[64343,64345,64346,64347,64348],{"id":64225,"depth":119,"text":64344},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64240,"depth":119,"text":64241},{"id":64250,"depth":119,"text":64251},{"id":64257,"depth":119,"text":64258},{"id":64264,"depth":119,"text":64265},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62258,"description":64350},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64357,"title":64358,"body":64359,"description":65710,"extension":1632,"meta":65711,"navigation":312,"path":65712,"seo":65713,"stem":65714,"__hash__":65715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64360,"toc":65684},[64361,64366,64372,64381,64383,64456,64465,64470,64474,64490,64494,64496,64498,64517,64520,64548,64551,64576,64584,64586,64591,64598,64600,64657,64659,64667,64673,64677,64680,64753,64755,64763,64766,64789,64796,64802,64806,64812,64883,64885,64893,64902,64909,64916,64924,65068,65070,65087,65090,65129,65132,65136,65141,65143,65202,65208,65211,65318,65320,65335,65338,65345,65347,65351,65499,65502,65563,65566,65569,65590,65595,65599,65610,65613,65615,65620,65623,65631,65636,65642,65645,65651,65659,65661,65681],[10,64362,53844,64364,18],{"id":64363},"python-list-index-method",[15,64365,58471],{},[20,64367,64368,64371],{},[15,64369,64370],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64373,64374,64375,64378,64379,109],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[30,64376,64377],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64380,40200],{},[35,64382,3281],{"id":3280},[40,64384,64386],{"className":42,"code":64385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64387,64388,64420,64443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64389,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64391,7451],{"class":55},[49,64393,60],{"class":59},[49,64395,3296],{"class":63},[49,64397,68],{"class":67},[49,64399,3751],{"class":71},[49,64401,68],{"class":67},[49,64403,84],{"class":63},[49,64405,87],{"class":67},[49,64407,3760],{"class":71},[49,64409,68],{"class":67},[49,64411,84],{"class":63},[49,64413,87],{"class":67},[49,64415,3769],{"class":71},[49,64417,68],{"class":67},[49,64419,3309],{"class":63},[49,64421,64422,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,64423,64424],{"class":55},"position ",[49,64426,60],{"class":59},[49,64428,5638],{"class":55},[49,64430,109],{"class":63},[49,64432,35338],{"class":112},[49,64434,126],{"class":63},[49,64436,68],{"class":67},[49,64438,3760],{"class":71},[49,64440,68],{"class":67},[49,64442,335],{"class":63},[49,64444,64445,64447,64449,64452,64454],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,64446,123],{"class":122},[49,64448,126],{"class":63},[49,64450,64451],{"class":112},"position",[49,64453,131],{"class":63},[49,64455,27266],{"class":134},[20,64457,1762,64458,64461,64462,64464],{},[15,64459,64460],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64463,40200],{}," if the item is not found.",[35,64466,144,64468,147],{"id":64467},"what-listindex-does",[15,64469,64370],{},[20,64471,64472,77],{},[15,64473,64370],{},[155,64475,64476,64479,64482,64487],{},[158,64477,64478],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[158,64480,64481],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[158,64483,64484,64485],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64486,1790],{},[158,64488,64489],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64491,54069,64492,109],{},[72,64493,52273],{"href":54072},[35,64495,189],{"id":188},[20,64497,30213],{},[40,64499,64501],{"className":42,"code":64500,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64502,64503],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64504,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64506,8013],{"class":55},[49,64508,109],{"class":63},[49,64510,35338],{"class":112},[49,64512,126],{"class":63},[49,64514,2142],{"class":112},[49,64516,335],{"class":63},[20,64518,64519],{},"You can also limit the search:",[40,64521,64523],{"className":42,"code":64522,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64524,64525],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64526,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64546],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64528,8013],{"class":55},[49,64530,109],{"class":63},[49,64532,35338],{"class":112},[49,64534,126],{"class":63},[49,64536,2142],{"class":112},[49,64538,84],{"class":63},[49,64540,35544],{"class":112},[49,64542,84],{"class":63},[49,64544,64545],{"class":112}," end",[49,64547,335],{"class":63},[20,64549,64550],{},"Here is what each part means:",[155,64552,64553,64558,64563,64568],{},[158,64554,64555,64557],{},[15,64556,2142],{},": the item to search for",[158,64559,64560,64562],{},[15,64561,35565],{},": where the search begins",[158,64564,64565,64567],{},[15,64566,52162],{},": where the search stops",[158,64569,64570,4457,64572,64575],{},[15,64571,52162],{},[30,64573,64574],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64577,64578,64579,64581,64582,109],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64580,35565],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64583,52162],{},[35,64585,37515],{"id":37514},[20,64587,64588,64590],{},[15,64589,64370],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64592,64593,64594,64597],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[30,64595,64596],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64599,1244],{},[40,64601,64603],{"className":42,"code":64602,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64604,64605,64625,64643,64647],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64606,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64608,3291],{"class":55},[49,64610,60],{"class":59},[49,64612,3296],{"class":63},[49,64614,1999],{"class":80},[49,64616,84],{"class":63},[49,64618,7462],{"class":80},[49,64620,84],{"class":63},[49,64622,7467],{"class":80},[49,64624,3309],{"class":63},[49,64626,64627,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,64628,534],{"class":55},[49,64630,60],{"class":59},[49,64632,3936],{"class":55},[49,64634,109],{"class":63},[49,64636,35338],{"class":112},[49,64638,126],{"class":63},[49,64640,15234],{"class":80},[49,64642,335],{"class":63},[49,64644,64645],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,64646,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,64648,64649,64651,64653,64655],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,64650,123],{"class":122},[49,64652,126],{"class":63},[49,64654,558],{"class":112},[49,64656,335],{"class":63},[20,64658,573],{},[40,64660,64661],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,64662,64663],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64664,64665],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64666,46416],{"class":80},[20,64668,64669,64670,64672],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64671,58471],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[35,64674,64676],{"id":64675},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64678,64679],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[40,64681,64683],{"className":42,"code":64682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64684,64685,64717,64739,64743],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64686,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64688,35732],{"class":55},[49,64690,60],{"class":59},[49,64692,3296],{"class":63},[49,64694,68],{"class":67},[49,64696,3751],{"class":71},[49,64698,68],{"class":67},[49,64700,84],{"class":63},[49,64702,87],{"class":67},[49,64704,3760],{"class":71},[49,64706,68],{"class":67},[49,64708,84],{"class":63},[49,64710,87],{"class":67},[49,64712,3769],{"class":71},[49,64714,68],{"class":67},[49,64716,3309],{"class":63},[49,64718,64719,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,64720,64424],{"class":55},[49,64722,60],{"class":59},[49,64724,52353],{"class":55},[49,64726,109],{"class":63},[49,64728,35338],{"class":112},[49,64730,126],{"class":63},[49,64732,68],{"class":67},[49,64734,3769],{"class":71},[49,64736,68],{"class":67},[49,64738,335],{"class":63},[49,64740,64741],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,64742,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,64744,64745,64747,64749,64751],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,64746,123],{"class":122},[49,64748,126],{"class":63},[49,64750,64451],{"class":112},[49,64752,335],{"class":63},[20,64754,573],{},[40,64756,64757],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,64758,64759],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64760,64761],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64762,16537],{"class":80},[20,64764,64765],{},"In this list:",[155,64767,64768,64775,64782],{},[158,64769,64770,64772,64773],{},[15,64771,57336],{}," is at index ",[15,64774,1790],{},[158,64776,64777,64772,64780],{},[15,64778,64779],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64781,2659],{},[158,64783,64784,64772,64787],{},[15,64785,64786],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64788,1725],{},[20,64790,53155,64791,480,64794,109],{},[15,64792,64793],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64795,1725],{},[20,64797,51044,64798,109],{},[72,64799,64801],{"href":64800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[35,64803,64805],{"id":64804},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64807,64808,64809,64811],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64810,58471],{}," returns the first match only.",[40,64813,64815],{"className":42,"code":64814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64816,64817,64857,64861],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64818,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837,64839,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64820,12553],{"class":55},[49,64822,60],{"class":59},[49,64824,3296],{"class":63},[49,64826,68],{"class":67},[49,64828,12570],{"class":71},[49,64830,68],{"class":67},[49,64832,84],{"class":63},[49,64834,87],{"class":67},[49,64836,12587],{"class":71},[49,64838,68],{"class":67},[49,64840,84],{"class":63},[49,64842,87],{"class":67},[49,64844,12570],{"class":71},[49,64846,68],{"class":67},[49,64848,84],{"class":63},[49,64850,87],{"class":67},[49,64852,16937],{"class":71},[49,64854,68],{"class":67},[49,64856,3309],{"class":63},[49,64858,64859],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,64860,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,64862,64863,64865,64867,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,64864,123],{"class":122},[49,64866,126],{"class":63},[49,64868,16984],{"class":112},[49,64870,109],{"class":63},[49,64872,35338],{"class":112},[49,64874,126],{"class":63},[49,64876,68],{"class":67},[49,64878,12570],{"class":71},[49,64880,68],{"class":67},[49,64882,1436],{"class":63},[20,64884,573],{},[40,64886,64887],{"className":42,"code":46751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,64888,64889],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64890,64891],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64892,46751],{"class":80},[20,64894,20461,64895,64898,64899,64901],{},[15,64896,64897],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64900,1790],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64903,64904,64905,109],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[72,64906,55022,64907,1571],{"href":58530},[15,64908,56793],{},[35,64910,8092,64912,1017,64914],{"id":64911},"using-start-and-end",[15,64913,35565],{},[15,64915,52162],{},[20,64917,64918,64919,1017,64921,64923],{},"The optional ",[15,64920,35565],{},[15,64922,52162],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[40,64925,64927],{"className":42,"code":64926,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64928,64929,64977,64981,65006,65035],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64930,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64932,35583],{"class":55},[49,64934,60],{"class":59},[49,64936,3296],{"class":63},[49,64938,68],{"class":67},[49,64940,72],{"class":71},[49,64942,68],{"class":67},[49,64944,84],{"class":63},[49,64946,87],{"class":67},[49,64948,90],{"class":71},[49,64950,68],{"class":67},[49,64952,84],{"class":63},[49,64954,87],{"class":67},[49,64956,9406],{"class":71},[49,64958,68],{"class":67},[49,64960,84],{"class":63},[49,64962,87],{"class":67},[49,64964,90],{"class":71},[49,64966,68],{"class":67},[49,64968,84],{"class":63},[49,64970,87],{"class":67},[49,64972,18250],{"class":71},[49,64974,68],{"class":67},[49,64976,3309],{"class":63},[49,64978,64979],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,64980,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,64982,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997,64999,65001,65003],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,64984,123],{"class":122},[49,64986,126],{"class":63},[49,64988,35636],{"class":112},[49,64990,109],{"class":63},[49,64992,35338],{"class":112},[49,64994,126],{"class":63},[49,64996,68],{"class":67},[49,64998,90],{"class":71},[49,65000,68],{"class":67},[49,65002,5034],{"class":63},[49,65004,65005],{"class":134},"        # first match\n",[49,65007,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,65009,123],{"class":122},[49,65011,126],{"class":63},[49,65013,35636],{"class":112},[49,65015,109],{"class":63},[49,65017,35338],{"class":112},[49,65019,126],{"class":63},[49,65021,68],{"class":67},[49,65023,90],{"class":71},[49,65025,68],{"class":67},[49,65027,84],{"class":63},[49,65029,97],{"class":80},[49,65031,5034],{"class":63},[49,65033,65034],{"class":134},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[49,65036,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,65038,123],{"class":122},[49,65040,126],{"class":63},[49,65042,35636],{"class":112},[49,65044,109],{"class":63},[49,65046,35338],{"class":112},[49,65048,126],{"class":63},[49,65050,68],{"class":67},[49,65052,90],{"class":71},[49,65054,68],{"class":67},[49,65056,84],{"class":63},[49,65058,81],{"class":80},[49,65060,84],{"class":63},[49,65062,2126],{"class":80},[49,65064,5034],{"class":63},[49,65066,65067],{"class":134},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65069,573],{},[40,65071,65073],{"className":42,"code":65072,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65074,65075,65079,65083],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65076,65077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65078,46416],{"class":80},[49,65080,65081],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,65082,46116],{"class":80},[49,65084,65085],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,65086,46416],{"class":80},[20,65088,65089],{},"How this works:",[155,65091,65092,65104,65117],{},[158,65093,65094,65097,65098,65101,65102],{},[15,65095,65096],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65099,65100],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65103,2659],{},[158,65105,65106,65109,65110,65112,65113,65101,65115],{},[15,65107,65108],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65111,1725],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65114,65100],{},[15,65116,1731],{},[158,65118,65119,65122,65123,1858,65125,16553,65127],{},[15,65120,65121],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65124,2659],{},[15,65126,1725],{},[15,65128,1731],{},[20,65130,65131],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[35,65133,65135],{"id":65134},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65137,65138,65139,109],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65140,40200],{},[20,65142,1244],{},[40,65144,65146],{"className":42,"code":65145,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65147,65148,65180],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65149,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65151,7451],{"class":55},[49,65153,60],{"class":59},[49,65155,3296],{"class":63},[49,65157,68],{"class":67},[49,65159,3751],{"class":71},[49,65161,68],{"class":67},[49,65163,84],{"class":63},[49,65165,87],{"class":67},[49,65167,3760],{"class":71},[49,65169,68],{"class":67},[49,65171,84],{"class":63},[49,65173,87],{"class":67},[49,65175,3769],{"class":71},[49,65177,68],{"class":67},[49,65179,3309],{"class":63},[49,65181,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,65183,123],{"class":122},[49,65185,126],{"class":63},[49,65187,7482],{"class":112},[49,65189,109],{"class":63},[49,65191,35338],{"class":112},[49,65193,126],{"class":63},[49,65195,68],{"class":67},[49,65197,32710],{"class":71},[49,65199,68],{"class":67},[49,65201,1436],{"class":63},[20,65203,39149,65204,65207],{},[15,65205,65206],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65209,65210],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[40,65212,65214],{"className":42,"code":65213,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65215,65216,65248,65261,65265,65278,65297,65303],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65217,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65219,7451],{"class":55},[49,65221,60],{"class":59},[49,65223,3296],{"class":63},[49,65225,68],{"class":67},[49,65227,3751],{"class":71},[49,65229,68],{"class":67},[49,65231,84],{"class":63},[49,65233,87],{"class":67},[49,65235,3760],{"class":71},[49,65237,68],{"class":67},[49,65239,84],{"class":63},[49,65241,87],{"class":67},[49,65243,3769],{"class":71},[49,65245,68],{"class":67},[49,65247,3309],{"class":63},[49,65249,65250,65253,65255,65257,65259],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,65251,65252],{"class":55},"search_value ",[49,65254,60],{"class":59},[49,65256,87],{"class":67},[49,65258,32710],{"class":71},[49,65260,301],{"class":67},[49,65262,65263],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,65264,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,65266,65267,65269,65272,65274,65276],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,65268,6668],{"class":973},[49,65270,65271],{"class":55}," search_value ",[49,65273,3555],{"class":59},[49,65275,5638],{"class":55},[49,65277,6067],{"class":63},[49,65279,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65295],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,65281,7742],{"class":122},[49,65283,126],{"class":63},[49,65285,7482],{"class":112},[49,65287,109],{"class":63},[49,65289,35338],{"class":112},[49,65291,126],{"class":63},[49,65293,65294],{"class":112},"search_value",[49,65296,1436],{"class":63},[49,65298,65299,65301],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,65300,26920],{"class":973},[49,65302,6067],{"class":63},[49,65304,65305,65307,65309,65311,65314,65316],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,65306,7742],{"class":122},[49,65308,126],{"class":63},[49,65310,68],{"class":67},[49,65312,65313],{"class":71},"Item not found",[49,65315,68],{"class":67},[49,65317,335],{"class":63},[20,65319,573],{},[40,65321,65323],{"className":42,"code":65322,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Item not found\n",[15,65324,65325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65326,65327,65330,65332],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65328,65329],{"class":55},"Item ",[49,65331,600],{"class":59},[49,65333,65334],{"class":55}," found\n",[20,65336,65337],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65339,65340,65341,109],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[72,65342,65344],{"href":65343},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[35,65346,4192],{"id":4191},[20,65348,20695,65349,77],{},[15,65350,64370],{},[155,65352,65353,65371,65383,65443],{},[158,65354,25260,65355,480,65357,65360,65361,65363,65364,4833,65366,65368,65369,109],{},[15,65356,58471],{},[15,65358,65359],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[1364,65362],{},"\nPython does ",[30,65365,600],{},[15,65367,65359],{},". It raises ",[15,65370,40200],{},[158,65372,65373,65374,65376,65379,65380,65382],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[1364,65375],{},[15,65377,65378],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65381,64779],{},", not the value itself.",[158,65384,8092,65385,10754,65388,65390,65392,65393,16136,65395,65418,16124,65420],{},[15,65386,65387],{},"index[]",[15,65389,58471],{},[1364,65391],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[1364,65394],{},[40,65396,65398],{"className":42,"code":65397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65399,65400],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65401,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65403,7482],{"class":55},[49,65405,109],{"class":63},[49,65407,35338],{"class":112},[49,65409,126],{"class":63},[49,65411,68],{"class":67},[49,65413,3760],{"class":71},[49,65415,68],{"class":67},[49,65417,335],{"class":63},[1364,65419],{},[40,65421,65423],{"className":42,"code":65422,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65424,65425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65426,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65428,7482],{"class":55},[49,65430,109],{"class":63},[49,65432,35338],{"class":24235},[49,65434,3573],{"class":63},[49,65436,68],{"class":67},[49,65438,3760],{"class":71},[49,65440,68],{"class":67},[49,65442,3309],{"class":63},[158,65444,65445,65446,65448,1017,65451,65453,65454],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[1364,65447],{},[15,65449,65450],{},"\"3\"",[15,65452,1731],{}," are different values in Python.",[40,65455,65457],{"className":42,"code":65456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65458,65459,65479],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65460,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65462,3291],{"class":55},[49,65464,60],{"class":59},[49,65466,3296],{"class":63},[49,65468,2659],{"class":80},[49,65470,84],{"class":63},[49,65472,97],{"class":80},[49,65474,84],{"class":63},[49,65476,2120],{"class":80},[49,65478,3309],{"class":63},[49,65480,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,65482,123],{"class":122},[49,65484,126],{"class":63},[49,65486,68],{"class":67},[49,65488,1731],{"class":71},[49,65490,68],{"class":67},[49,65492,20657],{"class":973},[49,65494,3936],{"class":112},[49,65496,131],{"class":63},[49,65498,4445],{"class":134},[20,65500,65501],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[40,65503,65505],{"className":42,"code":65504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65506,65507,65517,65531,65545],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65508,65509,65511,65513,65515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65510,123],{"class":122},[49,65512,126],{"class":63},[49,65514,8013],{"class":112},[49,65516,335],{"class":63},[49,65518,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,65520,123],{"class":122},[49,65522,126],{"class":63},[49,65524,1429],{"class":1428},[49,65526,126],{"class":63},[49,65528,65294],{"class":112},[49,65530,1436],{"class":63},[49,65532,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,65534,123],{"class":122},[49,65536,126],{"class":63},[49,65538,65252],{"class":112},[49,65540,3555],{"class":973},[49,65542,8070],{"class":112},[49,65544,335],{"class":63},[49,65546,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,65548,123],{"class":122},[49,65550,126],{"class":63},[49,65552,8013],{"class":112},[49,65554,109],{"class":63},[49,65556,35338],{"class":112},[49,65558,126],{"class":63},[49,65560,65294],{"class":112},[49,65562,1436],{"class":63},[20,65564,65565],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65567,65568],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[155,65570,65571,65574,65581,65587],{},[158,65572,65573],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[158,65575,65576,65577,10754,65579],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65578,65450],{},[15,65580,1731],{},[158,65582,65583,65584,65586],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65585,58471],{}," returns only the first one",[158,65588,65589],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[35,65591,1223,65593],{"id":65592},"when-to-use-index",[15,65594,58471],{},[20,65596,1762,65597,10265],{},[15,65598,58471],{},[155,65600,65601,65604,65607],{},[158,65602,65603],{},"You need the position of a known value",[158,65605,65606],{},"You are working with a small list",[158,65608,65609],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65611,65612],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[35,65614,1498],{"id":1497},[591,65616,1512,65618,4818],{"id":65617},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65619,64370],{},[20,65621,65622],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[591,65624,1502,65626,4833,65628,65630],{"id":65625},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65627,64370],{},[15,65629,65359],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65632,65633,65634,6301],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65635,40200],{},[591,65637,4842,65639,65641],{"id":65638},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65640,64370],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65643,65644],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[591,65646,65648,65649,1529],{"id":65647},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65650,58471],{},[20,65652,65653,65654,1017,65656,65658],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65655,35565],{},[15,65657,52162],{}," arguments.",[35,65660,1550],{"id":1549},[155,65662,65663,65667,65671,65675],{},[158,65664,65665],{},[72,65666,58459],{"href":64800},[158,65668,65669],{},[72,65670,52273],{"href":54072},[158,65672,65673],{},[72,65674,65344],{"href":65343},[158,65676,65677],{},[72,65678,55022,65679,1571],{"href":58530},[15,65680,56793],{},[1597,65682,65683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":65685},[65686,65687,65689,65690,65691,65692,65693,65695,65696,65697,65699,65709],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":64467,"depth":103,"text":65688},"What list.index() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":37514,"depth":103,"text":37515},{"id":64675,"depth":103,"text":64676},{"id":64804,"depth":103,"text":64805},{"id":64911,"depth":103,"text":65694},"Using start and end",{"id":65134,"depth":103,"text":65135},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192},{"id":65592,"depth":103,"text":65698},"When to use index()",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":65700},[65701,65703,65705,65707],{"id":65617,"depth":119,"text":65702},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65625,"depth":119,"text":65704},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65638,"depth":119,"text":65706},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65647,"depth":119,"text":65708},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64358,"description":65710},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65717,"title":65718,"body":65719,"description":67661,"extension":1632,"meta":67662,"navigation":312,"path":67663,"seo":67664,"stem":67665,"__hash__":67666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65720,"toc":67621},[65721,65726,65731,65734,65743,65800,65806,65811,65815,65829,65835,65837,65860,65877,65879,65940,65942,65974,65987,65989,65992,66092,66094,66172,66178,66182,66190,66194,66200,66255,66257,66281,66285,66288,66341,66343,66367,66371,66374,66427,66429,66453,66457,66463,66534,66536,66577,66583,66590,66593,66598,66606,66611,66619,66621,66718,66720,66789,66796,66801,66803,66807,66812,66814,66885,66887,66916,66922,66924,66951,66954,66977,66981,66984,67006,67009,67032,67034,67094,67096,67128,67134,67139,67192,67194,67219,67222,67271,67273,67294,67298,67303,67306,67361,67363,67390,67397,67401,67406,67477,67480,67494,67499,67504,67506,67520,67532,67537,67539,67544,67549,67553,67556,67562,67568,67575,67583,67585,67618],[10,65722,53844,65724,18],{"id":65723},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65725,53770],{},[20,65727,65728,65730],{},[15,65729,53413],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65732,65733],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65735,1762,65736,65738,65739,109],{},[15,65737,53770],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[72,65740,55022,65741,1571],{"href":56271},[15,65742,52154],{},[40,65744,65746],{"className":42,"code":65745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65747,65748,65768,65786,65796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65749,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65751,3291],{"class":55},[49,65753,60],{"class":59},[49,65755,3296],{"class":63},[49,65757,2659],{"class":80},[49,65759,84],{"class":63},[49,65761,97],{"class":80},[49,65763,84],{"class":63},[49,65765,2126],{"class":80},[49,65767,3309],{"class":63},[49,65769,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,65771,3323],{"class":55},[49,65773,109],{"class":63},[49,65775,53453],{"class":112},[49,65777,126],{"class":63},[49,65779,1725],{"class":80},[49,65781,84],{"class":63},[49,65783,2120],{"class":80},[49,65785,335],{"class":63},[49,65787,65788,65790,65792,65794],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,65789,123],{"class":122},[49,65791,126],{"class":63},[49,65793,3323],{"class":112},[49,65795,335],{"class":63},[49,65797,65798],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,65799,52225],{"class":134},[20,65801,1762,65802,65805],{},[15,65803,65804],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[35,65807,144,65809,147],{"id":65808},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65810,53413],{},[20,65812,65813,77],{},[15,65814,53413],{},[155,65816,65817,65820,65823,65825],{},[158,65818,65819],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[158,65821,65822],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[158,65824,53930],{},[158,65826,166,65827],{},[15,65828,169],{},[20,65830,65831,65832,65834],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65833,53770],{}," does not create a new list.",[35,65836,5104],{"id":5103},[40,65838,65840],{"className":42,"code":65839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65841,65842],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65843,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65845,8013],{"class":55},[49,65847,109],{"class":63},[49,65849,53453],{"class":112},[49,65851,126],{"class":63},[49,65853,35338],{"class":112},[49,65855,84],{"class":63},[49,65857,28994],{"class":112},[49,65859,335],{"class":63},[155,65861,65862,65867,65872],{},[158,65863,65864,65866],{},[15,65865,35338],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[158,65868,65869,65871],{},[15,65870,22795],{}," is the value to add",[158,65873,65874,65875],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65876,1790],{},[20,65878,1244],{},[40,65880,65882],{"className":42,"code":65881,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65883,65884,65908,65930],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65885,65886,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65887,35583],{"class":55},[49,65889,60],{"class":59},[49,65891,3296],{"class":63},[49,65893,68],{"class":67},[49,65895,72],{"class":71},[49,65897,68],{"class":67},[49,65899,84],{"class":63},[49,65901,87],{"class":67},[49,65903,9406],{"class":71},[49,65905,68],{"class":67},[49,65907,3309],{"class":63},[49,65909,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926,65928],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,65911,35636],{"class":55},[49,65913,109],{"class":63},[49,65915,53453],{"class":112},[49,65917,126],{"class":63},[49,65919,2659],{"class":80},[49,65921,84],{"class":63},[49,65923,87],{"class":67},[49,65925,90],{"class":71},[49,65927,68],{"class":67},[49,65929,335],{"class":63},[49,65931,65932,65934,65936,65938],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,65933,123],{"class":122},[49,65935,126],{"class":63},[49,65937,35636],{"class":112},[49,65939,335],{"class":63},[20,65941,573],{},[40,65943,65944],{"className":42,"code":42373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,65945,65946],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65947,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65949,3573],{"class":63},[49,65951,397],{"class":67},[49,65953,72],{"class":71},[49,65955,397],{"class":67},[49,65957,84],{"class":63},[49,65959,406],{"class":67},[49,65961,90],{"class":71},[49,65963,397],{"class":67},[49,65965,84],{"class":63},[49,65967,406],{"class":67},[49,65969,9406],{"class":71},[49,65971,397],{"class":67},[49,65973,3309],{"class":63},[20,65975,20254,65976,65978,65979,65981,65982,1017,65984,109],{},[15,65977,65100],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65980,2659],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65983,17578],{},[15,65985,65986],{},"\"c\"",[35,65988,5459],{"id":5458},[20,65990,65991],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[40,65993,65995],{"className":42,"code":65994,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65996,65997,66029,66047,66051,66073],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65998,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66000,12553],{"class":55},[49,66002,60],{"class":59},[49,66004,3296],{"class":63},[49,66006,68],{"class":67},[49,66008,12570],{"class":71},[49,66010,68],{"class":67},[49,66012,84],{"class":63},[49,66014,87],{"class":67},[49,66016,12587],{"class":71},[49,66018,68],{"class":67},[49,66020,84],{"class":63},[49,66022,87],{"class":67},[49,66024,16937],{"class":71},[49,66026,68],{"class":67},[49,66028,3309],{"class":63},[49,66030,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66032,123],{"class":122},[49,66034,126],{"class":63},[49,66036,68],{"class":67},[49,66038,325],{"class":71},[49,66040,68],{"class":67},[49,66042,84],{"class":63},[49,66044,12601],{"class":112},[49,66046,335],{"class":63},[49,66048,66049],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,66050,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,66052,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069,66071],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,66054,16984],{"class":55},[49,66056,109],{"class":63},[49,66058,53453],{"class":112},[49,66060,126],{"class":63},[49,66062,2659],{"class":80},[49,66064,84],{"class":63},[49,66066,87],{"class":67},[49,66068,22008],{"class":71},[49,66070,68],{"class":67},[49,66072,335],{"class":63},[49,66074,66075,66077,66079,66081,66084,66086,66088,66090],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,66076,123],{"class":122},[49,66078,126],{"class":63},[49,66080,68],{"class":67},[49,66082,66083],{"class":71},"After: ",[49,66085,68],{"class":67},[49,66087,84],{"class":63},[49,66089,12601],{"class":112},[49,66091,335],{"class":63},[20,66093,573],{},[40,66095,66097],{"className":42,"code":66096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66098,66099,66131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66100,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66102,390],{"class":55},[49,66104,77],{"class":63},[49,66106,3296],{"class":63},[49,66108,397],{"class":67},[49,66110,12570],{"class":71},[49,66112,397],{"class":67},[49,66114,84],{"class":63},[49,66116,406],{"class":67},[49,66118,12587],{"class":71},[49,66120,397],{"class":67},[49,66122,84],{"class":63},[49,66124,406],{"class":67},[49,66126,16937],{"class":71},[49,66128,397],{"class":67},[49,66130,3309],{"class":63},[49,66132,66133,66135,66137,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66134,445],{"class":55},[49,66136,77],{"class":63},[49,66138,66139],{"class":63},"  [",[49,66141,397],{"class":67},[49,66143,12570],{"class":71},[49,66145,397],{"class":67},[49,66147,84],{"class":63},[49,66149,406],{"class":67},[49,66151,22008],{"class":71},[49,66153,397],{"class":67},[49,66155,84],{"class":63},[49,66157,406],{"class":67},[49,66159,12587],{"class":71},[49,66161,397],{"class":67},[49,66163,84],{"class":63},[49,66165,406],{"class":67},[49,66167,16937],{"class":71},[49,66169,397],{"class":67},[49,66171,3309],{"class":63},[20,66173,66174,66175,66177],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66176,2659],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[35,66179,66181],{"id":66180},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66183,150,66184,34821,66186,66189],{},[15,66185,35338],{},[15,66187,66188],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[591,66191,66193],{"id":66192},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66195,66196,66197,66199],{},"Use index ",[15,66198,1790],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[40,66201,66203],{"className":42,"code":66202,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66204,66205,66226,66245],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66206,66207,66210,66212,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66208,66209],{"class":55},"nums ",[49,66211,60],{"class":59},[49,66213,3296],{"class":63},[49,66215,1725],{"class":80},[49,66217,84],{"class":63},[49,66219,2120],{"class":80},[49,66221,84],{"class":63},[49,66223,2126],{"class":80},[49,66225,3309],{"class":63},[49,66227,66228,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241,66243],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66229,66230],{"class":55},"nums",[49,66232,109],{"class":63},[49,66234,53453],{"class":112},[49,66236,126],{"class":63},[49,66238,1790],{"class":80},[49,66240,84],{"class":63},[49,66242,81],{"class":80},[49,66244,335],{"class":63},[49,66246,66247,66249,66251,66253],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,66248,123],{"class":122},[49,66250,126],{"class":63},[49,66252,66230],{"class":112},[49,66254,335],{"class":63},[20,66256,573],{},[40,66258,66259],{"className":42,"code":53007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66260,66261],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66262,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66264,3573],{"class":63},[49,66266,2659],{"class":80},[49,66268,84],{"class":63},[49,66270,97],{"class":80},[49,66272,84],{"class":63},[49,66274,2120],{"class":80},[49,66276,84],{"class":63},[49,66278,2126],{"class":80},[49,66280,3309],{"class":63},[591,66282,66284],{"id":66283},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66286,66287],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[40,66289,66291],{"className":42,"code":66290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66292,66293,66313,66331],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66294,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66296,66209],{"class":55},[49,66298,60],{"class":59},[49,66300,3296],{"class":63},[49,66302,2659],{"class":80},[49,66304,84],{"class":63},[49,66306,97],{"class":80},[49,66308,84],{"class":63},[49,66310,2126],{"class":80},[49,66312,3309],{"class":63},[49,66314,66315,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66316,66230],{"class":55},[49,66318,109],{"class":63},[49,66320,53453],{"class":112},[49,66322,126],{"class":63},[49,66324,1725],{"class":80},[49,66326,84],{"class":63},[49,66328,2120],{"class":80},[49,66330,335],{"class":63},[49,66332,66333,66335,66337,66339],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,66334,123],{"class":122},[49,66336,126],{"class":63},[49,66338,66230],{"class":112},[49,66340,335],{"class":63},[20,66342,573],{},[40,66344,66345],{"className":42,"code":53007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66346,66347],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66348,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66350,3573],{"class":63},[49,66352,2659],{"class":80},[49,66354,84],{"class":63},[49,66356,97],{"class":80},[49,66358,84],{"class":63},[49,66360,2120],{"class":80},[49,66362,84],{"class":63},[49,66364,2126],{"class":80},[49,66366,3309],{"class":63},[591,66368,66370],{"id":66369},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66372,66373],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[40,66375,66377],{"className":42,"code":66376,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66378,66379,66399,66417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66380,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66382,66209],{"class":55},[49,66384,60],{"class":59},[49,66386,3296],{"class":63},[49,66388,2659],{"class":80},[49,66390,84],{"class":63},[49,66392,97],{"class":80},[49,66394,84],{"class":63},[49,66396,2120],{"class":80},[49,66398,3309],{"class":63},[49,66400,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66402,66230],{"class":55},[49,66404,109],{"class":63},[49,66406,53453],{"class":112},[49,66408,126],{"class":63},[49,66410,1999],{"class":80},[49,66412,84],{"class":63},[49,66414,2126],{"class":80},[49,66416,335],{"class":63},[49,66418,66419,66421,66423,66425],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,66420,123],{"class":122},[49,66422,126],{"class":63},[49,66424,66230],{"class":112},[49,66426,335],{"class":63},[20,66428,573],{},[40,66430,66431],{"className":42,"code":53007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66432,66433],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66434,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66436,3573],{"class":63},[49,66438,2659],{"class":80},[49,66440,84],{"class":63},[49,66442,97],{"class":80},[49,66444,84],{"class":63},[49,66446,2120],{"class":80},[49,66448,84],{"class":63},[49,66450,2126],{"class":80},[49,66452,3309],{"class":63},[591,66454,66456],{"id":66455},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66458,66459,66460,66462],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66461,53770],{}," places the item before that position.",[40,66464,66466],{"className":42,"code":66465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66467,66468,66500,66524],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66469,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66471,35583],{"class":55},[49,66473,60],{"class":59},[49,66475,3296],{"class":63},[49,66477,68],{"class":67},[49,66479,72],{"class":71},[49,66481,68],{"class":67},[49,66483,84],{"class":63},[49,66485,87],{"class":67},[49,66487,90],{"class":71},[49,66489,68],{"class":67},[49,66491,84],{"class":63},[49,66493,87],{"class":67},[49,66495,18250],{"class":71},[49,66497,68],{"class":67},[49,66499,3309],{"class":63},[49,66501,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66503,35636],{"class":55},[49,66505,109],{"class":63},[49,66507,53453],{"class":112},[49,66509,126],{"class":63},[49,66511,1690],{"class":59},[49,66513,2659],{"class":80},[49,66515,84],{"class":63},[49,66517,87],{"class":67},[49,66519,9406],{"class":71},[49,66521,68],{"class":67},[49,66523,335],{"class":63},[49,66525,66526,66528,66530,66532],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,66527,123],{"class":122},[49,66529,126],{"class":63},[49,66531,35636],{"class":112},[49,66533,335],{"class":63},[20,66535,573],{},[40,66537,66539],{"className":42,"code":66538,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66540,66541],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66542,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66544,3573],{"class":63},[49,66546,397],{"class":67},[49,66548,72],{"class":71},[49,66550,397],{"class":67},[49,66552,84],{"class":63},[49,66554,406],{"class":67},[49,66556,90],{"class":71},[49,66558,397],{"class":67},[49,66560,84],{"class":63},[49,66562,406],{"class":67},[49,66564,9406],{"class":71},[49,66566,397],{"class":67},[49,66568,84],{"class":63},[49,66570,406],{"class":67},[49,66572,18250],{"class":71},[49,66574,397],{"class":67},[49,66576,3309],{"class":63},[20,66578,66579,66580,1972],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[72,66581,66582],{"href":50480},"Python lists beginner guide",[35,66584,66586,10249,66588],{"id":66585},"insert-vs-append",[15,66587,53770],{},[15,66589,52154],{},[20,66591,66592],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[591,66594,1762,66596,10265],{"id":66595},"use-insert-when",[15,66597,53770],{},[155,66599,66600,66603],{},[158,66601,66602],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[158,66604,66605],{},"The order of the list matters",[591,66607,1762,66609,10265],{"id":66608},"use-append-when",[15,66610,52154],{},[155,66612,66613,66616],{},[158,66614,66615],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[158,66617,66618],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66620,1244],{},[40,66622,66624],{"className":42,"code":66623,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66625,66626,66650,66654,66676,66686,66690,66708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66627,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66629,7451],{"class":55},[49,66631,60],{"class":59},[49,66633,3296],{"class":63},[49,66635,68],{"class":67},[49,66637,3751],{"class":71},[49,66639,68],{"class":67},[49,66641,84],{"class":63},[49,66643,87],{"class":67},[49,66645,32710],{"class":71},[49,66647,68],{"class":67},[49,66649,3309],{"class":63},[49,66651,66652],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66653,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,66655,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,66657,7482],{"class":55},[49,66659,109],{"class":63},[49,66661,53453],{"class":112},[49,66663,126],{"class":63},[49,66665,2659],{"class":80},[49,66667,84],{"class":63},[49,66669,87],{"class":67},[49,66671,3760],{"class":71},[49,66673,68],{"class":67},[49,66675,335],{"class":63},[49,66677,66678,66680,66682,66684],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,66679,123],{"class":122},[49,66681,126],{"class":63},[49,66683,7482],{"class":112},[49,66685,335],{"class":63},[49,66687,66688],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,66689,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,66691,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,66693,7482],{"class":55},[49,66695,109],{"class":63},[49,66697,13031],{"class":112},[49,66699,126],{"class":63},[49,66701,68],{"class":67},[49,66703,22017],{"class":71},[49,66705,68],{"class":67},[49,66707,335],{"class":63},[49,66709,66710,66712,66714,66716],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,66711,123],{"class":122},[49,66713,126],{"class":63},[49,66715,7482],{"class":112},[49,66717,335],{"class":63},[20,66719,573],{},[40,66721,66723],{"className":42,"code":66722,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66724,66725,66753],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66726,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66728,3573],{"class":63},[49,66730,397],{"class":67},[49,66732,3751],{"class":71},[49,66734,397],{"class":67},[49,66736,84],{"class":63},[49,66738,406],{"class":67},[49,66740,3760],{"class":71},[49,66742,397],{"class":67},[49,66744,84],{"class":63},[49,66746,406],{"class":67},[49,66748,32710],{"class":71},[49,66750,397],{"class":67},[49,66752,3309],{"class":63},[49,66754,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66756,3573],{"class":63},[49,66758,397],{"class":67},[49,66760,3751],{"class":71},[49,66762,397],{"class":67},[49,66764,84],{"class":63},[49,66766,406],{"class":67},[49,66768,3760],{"class":71},[49,66770,397],{"class":67},[49,66772,84],{"class":63},[49,66774,406],{"class":67},[49,66776,32710],{"class":71},[49,66778,397],{"class":67},[49,66780,84],{"class":63},[49,66782,406],{"class":67},[49,66784,22017],{"class":71},[49,66786,397],{"class":67},[49,66788,3309],{"class":63},[20,66790,66791,66792,109],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[72,66793,55022,66794,1571],{"href":56271},[15,66795,52154],{},[20,66797,66798,66799,109],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[72,66800,52551],{"href":52550},[35,66802,4192],{"id":4191},[20,66804,14212,66805,109],{},[15,66806,53770],{},[591,66808,1386,66810],{"id":66809},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66811,53770],{},[20,66813,25176],{},[40,66815,66817],{"className":42,"code":66816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66818,66819,66839,66861,66865,66875],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66820,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66822,3291],{"class":55},[49,66824,60],{"class":59},[49,66826,3296],{"class":63},[49,66828,2659],{"class":80},[49,66830,84],{"class":63},[49,66832,97],{"class":80},[49,66834,84],{"class":63},[49,66836,2120],{"class":80},[49,66838,3309],{"class":63},[49,66840,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66842,534],{"class":55},[49,66844,60],{"class":59},[49,66846,3936],{"class":55},[49,66848,109],{"class":63},[49,66850,53453],{"class":112},[49,66852,126],{"class":63},[49,66854,2659],{"class":80},[49,66856,84],{"class":63},[49,66858,9862],{"class":80},[49,66860,335],{"class":63},[49,66862,66863],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,66864,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,66866,66867,66869,66871,66873],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,66868,123],{"class":122},[49,66870,126],{"class":63},[49,66872,558],{"class":112},[49,66874,335],{"class":63},[49,66876,66877,66879,66881,66883],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,66878,123],{"class":122},[49,66880,126],{"class":63},[49,66882,3323],{"class":112},[49,66884,335],{"class":63},[20,66886,573],{},[40,66888,66890],{"className":42,"code":66889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66891,66892,66896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66893,66894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66895,584],{"class":583},[49,66897,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,66899,3573],{"class":63},[49,66901,2659],{"class":80},[49,66903,84],{"class":63},[49,66905,9862],{"class":80},[49,66907,84],{"class":63},[49,66909,97],{"class":80},[49,66911,84],{"class":63},[49,66913,2120],{"class":80},[49,66915,3309],{"class":63},[20,66917,66918,53655,66920,109],{},[15,66919,53770],{},[15,66921,169],{},[20,66923,16124],{},[40,66925,66927],{"className":42,"code":66926,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66928,66929],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66930,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66932,55392],{"class":55},[49,66934,60],{"class":59},[49,66936,3936],{"class":55},[49,66938,109],{"class":63},[49,66940,53453],{"class":112},[49,66942,126],{"class":63},[49,66944,2659],{"class":80},[49,66946,84],{"class":63},[49,66948,9862],{"class":80},[49,66950,335],{"class":63},[20,66952,66953],{},"Right:",[40,66955,66957],{"className":42,"code":66956,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66958,66959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66960,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66962,3323],{"class":55},[49,66964,109],{"class":63},[49,66966,53453],{"class":112},[49,66968,126],{"class":63},[49,66970,2659],{"class":80},[49,66972,84],{"class":63},[49,66974,9862],{"class":80},[49,66976,335],{"class":63},[591,66978,66980],{"id":66979},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66982,66983],{},"The correct order is:",[40,66985,66986],{"className":42,"code":65839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66987,66988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66989,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66991,8013],{"class":55},[49,66993,109],{"class":63},[49,66995,53453],{"class":112},[49,66997,126],{"class":63},[49,66999,35338],{"class":112},[49,67001,84],{"class":63},[49,67003,28994],{"class":112},[49,67005,335],{"class":63},[20,67007,67008],{},"Not:",[40,67010,67012],{"className":42,"code":67011,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67013,67014],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67015,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67017,8013],{"class":55},[49,67019,109],{"class":63},[49,67021,53453],{"class":112},[49,67023,126],{"class":63},[49,67025,22795],{"class":112},[49,67027,84],{"class":63},[49,67029,35313],{"class":112},[49,67031,335],{"class":63},[20,67033,1244],{},[40,67035,67036],{"className":42,"code":65881,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67037,67038,67062,67084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67039,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67041,35583],{"class":55},[49,67043,60],{"class":59},[49,67045,3296],{"class":63},[49,67047,68],{"class":67},[49,67049,72],{"class":71},[49,67051,68],{"class":67},[49,67053,84],{"class":63},[49,67055,87],{"class":67},[49,67057,9406],{"class":71},[49,67059,68],{"class":67},[49,67061,3309],{"class":63},[49,67063,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,67065,35636],{"class":55},[49,67067,109],{"class":63},[49,67069,53453],{"class":112},[49,67071,126],{"class":63},[49,67073,2659],{"class":80},[49,67075,84],{"class":63},[49,67077,87],{"class":67},[49,67079,90],{"class":71},[49,67081,68],{"class":67},[49,67083,335],{"class":63},[49,67085,67086,67088,67090,67092],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,67087,123],{"class":122},[49,67089,126],{"class":63},[49,67091,35636],{"class":112},[49,67093,335],{"class":63},[20,67095,573],{},[40,67097,67098],{"className":42,"code":42373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67099,67100],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67101,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67103,3573],{"class":63},[49,67105,397],{"class":67},[49,67107,72],{"class":71},[49,67109,397],{"class":67},[49,67111,84],{"class":63},[49,67113,406],{"class":67},[49,67115,90],{"class":71},[49,67117,397],{"class":67},[49,67119,84],{"class":63},[49,67121,406],{"class":67},[49,67123,9406],{"class":71},[49,67125,397],{"class":67},[49,67127,3309],{"class":63},[591,67129,1392,67131,67133],{"id":67130},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67132,53770],{}," to replace an item",[20,67135,67136,67138],{},[15,67137,53770],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[40,67140,67142],{"className":42,"code":67141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67143,67144,67164,67182],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67145,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67147,3291],{"class":55},[49,67149,60],{"class":59},[49,67151,3296],{"class":63},[49,67153,2659],{"class":80},[49,67155,84],{"class":63},[49,67157,97],{"class":80},[49,67159,84],{"class":63},[49,67161,2120],{"class":80},[49,67163,3309],{"class":63},[49,67165,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,67167,3323],{"class":55},[49,67169,109],{"class":63},[49,67171,53453],{"class":112},[49,67173,126],{"class":63},[49,67175,2659],{"class":80},[49,67177,84],{"class":63},[49,67179,9862],{"class":80},[49,67181,335],{"class":63},[49,67183,67184,67186,67188,67190],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,67185,123],{"class":122},[49,67187,126],{"class":63},[49,67189,3323],{"class":112},[49,67191,335],{"class":63},[20,67193,573],{},[40,67195,67197],{"className":42,"code":67196,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67198,67199],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67200,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67202,3573],{"class":63},[49,67204,2659],{"class":80},[49,67206,84],{"class":63},[49,67208,9862],{"class":80},[49,67210,84],{"class":63},[49,67212,97],{"class":80},[49,67214,84],{"class":63},[49,67216,2120],{"class":80},[49,67218,3309],{"class":63},[20,67220,67221],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[40,67223,67225],{"className":42,"code":67224,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67226,67227,67247,67261],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67228,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67230,3291],{"class":55},[49,67232,60],{"class":59},[49,67234,3296],{"class":63},[49,67236,2659],{"class":80},[49,67238,84],{"class":63},[49,67240,97],{"class":80},[49,67242,84],{"class":63},[49,67244,2120],{"class":80},[49,67246,3309],{"class":63},[49,67248,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,67250,3323],{"class":55},[49,67252,3573],{"class":63},[49,67254,2659],{"class":80},[49,67256,12751],{"class":63},[49,67258,12754],{"class":59},[49,67260,13609],{"class":80},[49,67262,67263,67265,67267,67269],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,67264,123],{"class":122},[49,67266,126],{"class":63},[49,67268,3323],{"class":112},[49,67270,335],{"class":63},[20,67272,573],{},[40,67274,67276],{"className":42,"code":67275,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67277,67278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67279,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67281,3573],{"class":63},[49,67283,2659],{"class":80},[49,67285,84],{"class":63},[49,67287,9862],{"class":80},[49,67289,84],{"class":63},[49,67291,2120],{"class":80},[49,67293,3309],{"class":63},[591,67295,67297],{"id":67296},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67299,67300,67302],{},[15,67301,53770],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67304,67305],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[40,67307,67309],{"className":42,"code":67308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67310,67311,67327,67351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67312,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67314,3291],{"class":55},[49,67316,60],{"class":59},[49,67318,3296],{"class":63},[49,67320,2659],{"class":80},[49,67322,84],{"class":63},[49,67324,2126],{"class":80},[49,67326,3309],{"class":63},[49,67328,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,67330,3323],{"class":55},[49,67332,109],{"class":63},[49,67334,53453],{"class":112},[49,67336,126],{"class":63},[49,67338,2659],{"class":80},[49,67340,84],{"class":63},[49,67342,3296],{"class":63},[49,67344,1725],{"class":80},[49,67346,84],{"class":63},[49,67348,2120],{"class":80},[49,67350,3561],{"class":63},[49,67352,67353,67355,67357,67359],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,67354,123],{"class":122},[49,67356,126],{"class":63},[49,67358,3323],{"class":112},[49,67360,335],{"class":63},[20,67362,573],{},[40,67364,67366],{"className":42,"code":67365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67367,67368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67369,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67371,3573],{"class":63},[49,67373,2659],{"class":80},[49,67375,84],{"class":63},[49,67377,3296],{"class":63},[49,67379,1725],{"class":80},[49,67381,84],{"class":63},[49,67383,2120],{"class":80},[49,67385,17544],{"class":63},[49,67387,2126],{"class":80},[49,67389,3309],{"class":63},[20,67391,67392,67393,109],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[72,67394,55022,67395,1571],{"href":52846},[15,67396,52948],{},[591,67398,67400],{"id":67399},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67402,8550,67403,67405],{},[15,67404,53770],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[40,67407,67409],{"className":42,"code":67408,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67410,67411,67421,67435,67453,67467],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67412,67413,67415,67417,67419],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67414,123],{"class":122},[49,67416,126],{"class":63},[49,67418,8013],{"class":112},[49,67420,335],{"class":63},[49,67422,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,67424,123],{"class":122},[49,67426,126],{"class":63},[49,67428,10824],{"class":122},[49,67430,126],{"class":63},[49,67432,8013],{"class":112},[49,67434,1436],{"class":63},[49,67436,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,67438,123],{"class":122},[49,67440,126],{"class":63},[49,67442,8013],{"class":112},[49,67444,109],{"class":63},[49,67446,53453],{"class":24235},[49,67448,109],{"class":63},[49,67450,33936],{"class":33943},[49,67452,335],{"class":63},[49,67454,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,67456,31641],{"class":122},[49,67458,126],{"class":63},[49,67460,7767],{"class":1428},[49,67462,109],{"class":63},[49,67464,53453],{"class":24235},[49,67466,335],{"class":63},[49,67468,67469,67471,67473,67475],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,67470,1429],{"class":1428},[49,67472,126],{"class":63},[49,67474,8013],{"class":112},[49,67476,335],{"class":63},[20,67478,67479],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[155,67481,67482,67485,67488,67491],{},[158,67483,67484],{},"What is currently in the list",[158,67486,67487],{},"How long the list is",[158,67489,67490],{},"That you are working with a real list",[158,67492,67493],{},"How Python describes the method",[35,67495,1223,67497],{"id":67496},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67498,53770],{},[20,67500,1762,67501,67503],{},[15,67502,53770],{}," when position matters.",[20,67505,35919],{},[155,67507,67508,67511,67514,67517],{},[158,67509,67510],{},"Ordered menus",[158,67512,67513],{},"Rankings or score lists",[158,67515,67516],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[158,67518,67519],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67521,67522,67523,67525,67526,67528,67529,67531],{},"You usually do ",[30,67524,600],{}," need ",[15,67527,53770],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67530,52154],{}," is simpler.",[20,67533,67534,67535,109],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[72,67536,56657],{"href":56656},[35,67538,1498],{"id":1497},[591,67540,1502,67542,54971],{"id":67541},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67543,53413],{},[20,67545,67546,67547,109],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67548,169],{},[591,67550,67552],{"id":67551},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67554,67555],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[591,67557,4842,67559,67561],{"id":67558},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67560,53413],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67563,67564,67565,67567],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67566,52948],{}," or slicing.",[591,67569,1524,67571,1017,67573,1529],{"id":67570},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67572,53770],{},[15,67574,52154],{},[20,67576,67577,67579,67580,67582],{},[15,67578,53770],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67581,52154],{}," adds only at the end.",[35,67584,1550],{"id":1549},[155,67586,67587,67593,67599,67603,67607,67611],{},[158,67588,67589],{},[72,67590,55022,67591,1571],{"href":56271},[15,67592,52154],{},[158,67594,67595],{},[72,67596,55022,67597,1571],{"href":52846},[15,67598,52948],{},[158,67600,67601],{},[72,67602,53780],{"href":52550},[158,67604,67605],{},[72,67606,52273],{"href":50480},[158,67608,67609],{},[72,67610,56731],{"href":56656},[158,67612,67613],{},[72,67614,29835,67615,33123],{"href":53798},[15,67616,67617],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1597,67619,67620],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":67622},[67623,67625,67626,67627,67633,67640,67649,67651,67660],{"id":65808,"depth":103,"text":67624},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5103,"depth":103,"text":5104},{"id":5458,"depth":103,"text":5459},{"id":66180,"depth":103,"text":66181,"children":67628},[67629,67630,67631,67632],{"id":66192,"depth":119,"text":66193},{"id":66283,"depth":119,"text":66284},{"id":66369,"depth":119,"text":66370},{"id":66455,"depth":119,"text":66456},{"id":66585,"depth":103,"text":67634,"children":67635},"insert() vs append()",[67636,67638],{"id":66595,"depth":119,"text":67637},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66608,"depth":119,"text":67639},"Use append() when:",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":67641},[67642,67644,67645,67647,67648],{"id":66809,"depth":119,"text":67643},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66979,"depth":119,"text":66980},{"id":67130,"depth":119,"text":67646},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67296,"depth":119,"text":67297},{"id":67399,"depth":119,"text":67400},{"id":67496,"depth":103,"text":67650},"When to use insert()",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":67652},[67653,67655,67656,67658],{"id":67541,"depth":119,"text":67654},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67551,"depth":119,"text":67552},{"id":67558,"depth":119,"text":67657},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67570,"depth":119,"text":67659},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65718,"description":67661},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67668,"title":67669,"body":67670,"description":69225,"extension":1632,"meta":69226,"navigation":312,"path":58476,"seo":69227,"stem":69228,"__hash__":69229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67671,"toc":69198},[67672,67678,67687,67736,67738,67746,67752,67754,67772,67778,67783,67786,67789,67804,67806,67858,67860,67868,67876,67883,67885,67891,67956,67958,67966,67968,67987,67990,68041,68045,68050,68077,68079,68087,68090,68159,68161,68176,68182,68186,68195,68198,68253,68255,68263,68266,68268,68313,68315,68323,68329,68331,68339,68342,68344,68383,68385,68424,68429,68431,68433,68468,68471,68473,68511,68515,68521,68523,68574,68576,68584,68591,68594,68615,68618,68673,68684,68686,68747,68749,68758,68765,68771,68774,68777,68834,68837,68850,68857,68863,68869,68871,68884,68887,68984,68986,69003,69006,69088,69090,69112,69119,69125,69127,69131,69137,69143,69148,69152,69155,69161,69168,69170,69195],[10,67673,67675,67676,131],{"id":67674},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67677,10824],{},[20,67679,67680,67681,67683,67684,67686],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67682,41858],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67685,41858],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[40,67688,67690],{"className":42,"code":67689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67691,67692,67712,67726],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67693,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67695,3291],{"class":55},[49,67697,60],{"class":59},[49,67699,3296],{"class":63},[49,67701,1999],{"class":80},[49,67703,84],{"class":63},[49,67705,7462],{"class":80},[49,67707,84],{"class":63},[49,67709,7467],{"class":80},[49,67711,3309],{"class":63},[49,67713,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,67715,40738],{"class":55},[49,67717,60],{"class":59},[49,67719,37881],{"class":122},[49,67721,126],{"class":63},[49,67723,3323],{"class":112},[49,67725,335],{"class":63},[49,67727,67728,67730,67732,67734],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,67729,123],{"class":122},[49,67731,126],{"class":63},[49,67733,40756],{"class":112},[49,67735,335],{"class":63},[20,67737,573],{},[40,67739,67740],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67741,67742],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67743,67744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67745,46116],{"class":80},[20,67747,1762,67748,67751],{},[15,67749,67750],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[35,67753,14642],{"id":14641},[155,67755,67756,67761,67766,67769],{},[158,67757,3871,67758,67760],{},[15,67759,41858],{}," works with Python lists",[158,67762,67763,67764,475],{},"What value ",[15,67765,41858],{},[158,67767,67768],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[158,67770,67771],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[35,67773,144,67775,67777],{"id":67774},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67776,41858],{}," returns for a list",[20,67779,67780,64590],{},[15,67781,67782],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67784,67785],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67787,67788],{},"A few important points:",[155,67790,67791,67794,67799],{},[158,67792,67793],{},"It counts list items",[158,67795,40402,67796,67798],{},[30,67797,600],{}," count characters inside a string item",[158,67800,67801,67802],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67803,1790],{},[20,67805,1244],{},[40,67807,67809],{"className":42,"code":67808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67810,67811,67844],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67812,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67814,3742],{"class":55},[49,67816,60],{"class":59},[49,67818,3296],{"class":63},[49,67820,68],{"class":67},[49,67822,36541],{"class":71},[49,67824,68],{"class":67},[49,67826,84],{"class":63},[49,67828,87],{"class":67},[49,67830,67831],{"class":71},"elephant",[49,67833,68],{"class":67},[49,67835,84],{"class":63},[49,67837,87],{"class":67},[49,67839,57630],{"class":71},[49,67841,68],{"class":67},[49,67843,3309],{"class":63},[49,67845,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854,67856],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,67847,123],{"class":122},[49,67849,126],{"class":63},[49,67851,10824],{"class":122},[49,67853,126],{"class":63},[49,67855,3786],{"class":112},[49,67857,1436],{"class":63},[20,67859,573],{},[40,67861,67862],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67863,67864],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67865,67866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67867,46116],{"class":80},[20,67869,20461,67870,67873,67874,64597],{},[15,67871,67872],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[30,67875,52158],{},[20,67877,67878,67879,109],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[72,67880,3247,67881,3180],{"href":41855},[15,67882,41858],{},[35,67884,5459],{"id":5458},[20,67886,67887,67888,67890],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67889,41858],{},", and print the result.",[40,67892,67894],{"className":42,"code":67893,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67895,67896,67928,67942,67946],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67897,67898,67900,67902,67904,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922,67924,67926],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67899,12553],{"class":55},[49,67901,60],{"class":59},[49,67903,3296],{"class":63},[49,67905,68],{"class":67},[49,67907,12570],{"class":71},[49,67909,68],{"class":67},[49,67911,84],{"class":63},[49,67913,87],{"class":67},[49,67915,16937],{"class":71},[49,67917,68],{"class":67},[49,67919,84],{"class":63},[49,67921,87],{"class":67},[49,67923,12587],{"class":71},[49,67925,68],{"class":67},[49,67927,3309],{"class":63},[49,67929,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,67931,40738],{"class":55},[49,67933,60],{"class":59},[49,67935,37881],{"class":122},[49,67937,126],{"class":63},[49,67939,16984],{"class":112},[49,67941,335],{"class":63},[49,67943,67944],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,67945,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,67947,67948,67950,67952,67954],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,67949,123],{"class":122},[49,67951,126],{"class":63},[49,67953,40756],{"class":112},[49,67955,335],{"class":63},[20,67957,573],{},[40,67959,67960],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67961,67962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67963,67964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67965,46116],{"class":80},[20,67967,453],{},[155,67969,67970,67975,67982],{},[158,67971,67972,67974],{},[15,67973,16984],{}," is a list with 3 items",[158,67976,67977,480,67980],{},[15,67978,67979],{},"len(colors)",[15,67981,1731],{},[158,67983,67984,67985],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67986,40756],{},[20,67988,67989],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[40,67991,67993],{"className":42,"code":67992,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67994,67995,68027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67996,67997,67999,68001,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67998,12553],{"class":55},[49,68000,60],{"class":59},[49,68002,3296],{"class":63},[49,68004,68],{"class":67},[49,68006,12570],{"class":71},[49,68008,68],{"class":67},[49,68010,84],{"class":63},[49,68012,87],{"class":67},[49,68014,16937],{"class":71},[49,68016,68],{"class":67},[49,68018,84],{"class":63},[49,68020,87],{"class":67},[49,68022,12587],{"class":71},[49,68024,68],{"class":67},[49,68026,3309],{"class":63},[49,68028,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68030,123],{"class":122},[49,68032,126],{"class":63},[49,68034,10824],{"class":122},[49,68036,126],{"class":63},[49,68038,16984],{"class":112},[49,68040,1436],{"class":63},[35,68042,68044],{"id":68043},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68046,68047,68048,109],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68049,1790],{},[40,68051,68053],{"className":42,"code":68052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68054,68055,68063],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68056,68057,68059,68061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68058,7451],{"class":55},[49,68060,60],{"class":59},[49,68062,7511],{"class":63},[49,68064,68065,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68066,123],{"class":122},[49,68068,126],{"class":63},[49,68070,10824],{"class":122},[49,68072,126],{"class":63},[49,68074,7482],{"class":112},[49,68076,1436],{"class":63},[20,68078,573],{},[40,68080,68081],{"className":42,"code":46751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68082,68083],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68084,68085],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68086,46751],{"class":80},[20,68088,68089],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[40,68091,68093],{"className":42,"code":68092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68094,68095,68103,68107,68125,68139,68145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68096,68097,68099,68101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68098,7451],{"class":55},[49,68100,60],{"class":59},[49,68102,7511],{"class":63},[49,68104,68105],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68106,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,68108,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119,68121,68123],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,68110,6668],{"class":973},[49,68112,37881],{"class":122},[49,68114,126],{"class":63},[49,68116,7482],{"class":112},[49,68118,131],{"class":63},[49,68120,37891],{"class":59},[49,68122,3506],{"class":80},[49,68124,6067],{"class":63},[49,68126,68127,68129,68131,68133,68135,68137],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,68128,7742],{"class":122},[49,68130,126],{"class":63},[49,68132,7482],{"class":112},[49,68134,3573],{"class":63},[49,68136,1790],{"class":80},[49,68138,3561],{"class":63},[49,68140,68141,68143],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,68142,26920],{"class":973},[49,68144,6067],{"class":63},[49,68146,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,68148,7742],{"class":122},[49,68150,126],{"class":63},[49,68152,68],{"class":67},[49,68154,51317],{"class":71},[49,68156,68],{"class":67},[49,68158,335],{"class":63},[20,68160,573],{},[40,68162,68164],{"className":42,"code":68163,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The list is empty\n",[15,68165,68166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68167,68168,68170,68172,68174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68169,150],{"class":55},[49,68171,7767],{"class":1428},[49,68173,7770],{"class":59},[49,68175,7776],{"class":55},[20,68177,68178,68179,68181],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[72,68180,52273],{"href":50480}," is a good next step.",[35,68183,68185],{"id":68184},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68187,68188,68190,68191,68194],{},[15,68189,41858],{}," counts only the ",[30,68192,68193],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68196,68197],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[40,68199,68201],{"className":42,"code":68200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68202,68203,68239],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68204,68205,68207,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68206,56],{"class":55},[49,68208,60],{"class":59},[49,68210,55796],{"class":63},[49,68212,2659],{"class":80},[49,68214,84],{"class":63},[49,68216,97],{"class":80},[49,68218,17544],{"class":63},[49,68220,3296],{"class":63},[49,68222,1731],{"class":80},[49,68224,84],{"class":63},[49,68226,2126],{"class":80},[49,68228,17544],{"class":63},[49,68230,3296],{"class":63},[49,68232,1807],{"class":80},[49,68234,84],{"class":63},[49,68236,37138],{"class":80},[49,68238,52744],{"class":63},[49,68240,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249,68251],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68242,123],{"class":122},[49,68244,126],{"class":63},[49,68246,10824],{"class":122},[49,68248,126],{"class":63},[49,68250,106],{"class":112},[49,68252,1436],{"class":63},[20,68254,573],{},[40,68256,68257],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68258,68259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68260,68261],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68262,46116],{"class":80},[20,68264,68265],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68267,51581],{},[40,68269,68271],{"className":42,"code":68270,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68272,68273,68299],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68274,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68276,58976],{"class":55},[49,68278,60],{"class":59},[49,68280,3296],{"class":63},[49,68282,2659],{"class":80},[49,68284,84],{"class":63},[49,68286,3296],{"class":63},[49,68288,1725],{"class":80},[49,68290,84],{"class":63},[49,68292,2120],{"class":80},[49,68294,17544],{"class":63},[49,68296,2126],{"class":80},[49,68298,3309],{"class":63},[49,68300,68301,68303,68305,68307,68309,68311],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68302,123],{"class":122},[49,68304,126],{"class":63},[49,68306,10824],{"class":122},[49,68308,126],{"class":63},[49,68310,59029],{"class":112},[49,68312,1436],{"class":63},[20,68314,573],{},[40,68316,68317],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68318,68319],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68320,68321],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68322,46116],{"class":80},[20,68324,20461,68325,68328],{},[15,68326,68327],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[35,68330,4192],{"id":4191},[591,68332,8092,68334,10754,68337],{"id":68333},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68335,68336],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68338,67782],{},[20,68340,68341],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68343,16124],{},[40,68345,68347],{"className":42,"code":68346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68348,68349,68369],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68350,68351,68353,68355,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68352,3291],{"class":55},[49,68354,60],{"class":59},[49,68356,3296],{"class":63},[49,68358,1999],{"class":80},[49,68360,84],{"class":63},[49,68362,7462],{"class":80},[49,68364,84],{"class":63},[49,68366,7467],{"class":80},[49,68368,3309],{"class":63},[49,68370,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68372,123],{"class":122},[49,68374,126],{"class":63},[49,68376,3323],{"class":112},[49,68378,109],{"class":63},[49,68380,10824],{"class":112},[49,68382,6865],{"class":63},[20,68384,16136],{},[40,68386,68388],{"className":42,"code":68387,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68389,68390,68410],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68391,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68393,3291],{"class":55},[49,68395,60],{"class":59},[49,68397,3296],{"class":63},[49,68399,1999],{"class":80},[49,68401,84],{"class":63},[49,68403,7462],{"class":80},[49,68405,84],{"class":63},[49,68407,7467],{"class":80},[49,68409,3309],{"class":63},[49,68411,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68413,123],{"class":122},[49,68415,126],{"class":63},[49,68417,10824],{"class":122},[49,68419,126],{"class":63},[49,68421,3323],{"class":112},[49,68423,1436],{"class":63},[20,68425,68426,68428],{},[15,68427,41858],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[591,68430,25173],{"id":25172},[20,68432,16124],{},[40,68434,68436],{"className":42,"code":68435,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68437,68438,68458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68439,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68441,3291],{"class":55},[49,68443,60],{"class":59},[49,68445,3296],{"class":63},[49,68447,1999],{"class":80},[49,68449,84],{"class":63},[49,68451,7462],{"class":80},[49,68453,84],{"class":63},[49,68455,7467],{"class":80},[49,68457,3309],{"class":63},[49,68459,68460,68462,68464,68466],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68461,123],{"class":122},[49,68463,126],{"class":63},[49,68465,10824],{"class":122},[49,68467,335],{"class":63},[20,68469,68470],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68472,16136],{},[40,68474,68475],{"className":42,"code":68387,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68476,68477,68497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68478,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68480,3291],{"class":55},[49,68482,60],{"class":59},[49,68484,3296],{"class":63},[49,68486,1999],{"class":80},[49,68488,84],{"class":63},[49,68490,7462],{"class":80},[49,68492,84],{"class":63},[49,68494,7467],{"class":80},[49,68496,3309],{"class":63},[49,68498,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68500,123],{"class":122},[49,68502,126],{"class":63},[49,68504,10824],{"class":122},[49,68506,126],{"class":63},[49,68508,3323],{"class":112},[49,68510,1436],{"class":63},[591,68512,68514],{"id":68513},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68516,68517,68518,68520],{},"The length of a list is ",[30,68519,600],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68522,1244],{},[40,68524,68526],{"className":42,"code":68525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68527,68528,68560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68529,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68531,35583],{"class":55},[49,68533,60],{"class":59},[49,68535,3296],{"class":63},[49,68537,68],{"class":67},[49,68539,72],{"class":71},[49,68541,68],{"class":67},[49,68543,84],{"class":63},[49,68545,87],{"class":67},[49,68547,90],{"class":71},[49,68549,68],{"class":67},[49,68551,84],{"class":63},[49,68553,87],{"class":67},[49,68555,9406],{"class":71},[49,68557,68],{"class":67},[49,68559,3309],{"class":63},[49,68561,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68563,123],{"class":122},[49,68565,126],{"class":63},[49,68567,10824],{"class":122},[49,68569,126],{"class":63},[49,68571,35636],{"class":112},[49,68573,1436],{"class":63},[20,68575,573],{},[40,68577,68578],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68579,68580],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68581,68582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68583,46116],{"class":80},[20,68585,68586,68587,18446,68589,109],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68588,1725],{},[15,68590,1731],{},[20,68592,68593],{},"Indexes are:",[155,68595,68596,68603,68609],{},[158,68597,68598,68600,68601],{},[15,68599,1790],{}," for ",[15,68602,17578],{},[158,68604,68605,68600,68607],{},[15,68606,2659],{},[15,68608,65100],{},[158,68610,68611,68600,68613],{},[15,68612,1725],{},[15,68614,65986],{},[20,68616,68617],{},"So this causes an error:",[40,68619,68621],{"className":42,"code":68620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68622,68623,68655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68624,68625,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68626,35583],{"class":55},[49,68628,60],{"class":59},[49,68630,3296],{"class":63},[49,68632,68],{"class":67},[49,68634,72],{"class":71},[49,68636,68],{"class":67},[49,68638,84],{"class":63},[49,68640,87],{"class":67},[49,68642,90],{"class":71},[49,68644,68],{"class":67},[49,68646,84],{"class":63},[49,68648,87],{"class":67},[49,68650,9406],{"class":71},[49,68652,68],{"class":67},[49,68654,3309],{"class":63},[49,68656,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68658,123],{"class":122},[49,68660,126],{"class":63},[49,68662,35636],{"class":112},[49,68664,3573],{"class":63},[49,68666,10824],{"class":122},[49,68668,126],{"class":63},[49,68670,35636],{"class":112},[49,68672,10343],{"class":63},[20,68674,8170,68675,4457,68678,68680,68681,68683],{},[15,68676,68677],{},"len(letters)",[15,68679,1731],{},", and index ",[15,68682,1731],{}," does not exist.",[20,68685,18323],{},[40,68687,68689],{"className":42,"code":68688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68690,68691,68723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68692,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68694,35583],{"class":55},[49,68696,60],{"class":59},[49,68698,3296],{"class":63},[49,68700,68],{"class":67},[49,68702,72],{"class":71},[49,68704,68],{"class":67},[49,68706,84],{"class":63},[49,68708,87],{"class":67},[49,68710,90],{"class":71},[49,68712,68],{"class":67},[49,68714,84],{"class":63},[49,68716,87],{"class":67},[49,68718,9406],{"class":71},[49,68720,68],{"class":67},[49,68722,3309],{"class":63},[49,68724,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741,68743,68745],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68726,123],{"class":122},[49,68728,126],{"class":63},[49,68730,35636],{"class":112},[49,68732,3573],{"class":63},[49,68734,10824],{"class":122},[49,68736,126],{"class":63},[49,68738,35636],{"class":112},[49,68740,131],{"class":63},[49,68742,1891],{"class":59},[49,68744,81],{"class":80},[49,68746,3561],{"class":63},[20,68748,573],{},[40,68750,68752],{"className":42,"code":68751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"c\n",[15,68753,68754],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68755,68756],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68757,68751],{"class":55},[20,68759,68760,68761,109],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[72,68762,68764],{"href":68763},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[591,68766,8092,68768,68770],{"id":68767},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68769,41858],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68772,68773],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68775,68776],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[40,68778,68780],{"className":42,"code":68779,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68781,68782,68792,68806,68820],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68783,68784,68786,68788,68790],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68785,123],{"class":122},[49,68787,126],{"class":63},[49,68789,8013],{"class":112},[49,68791,335],{"class":63},[49,68793,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68795,123],{"class":122},[49,68797,126],{"class":63},[49,68799,10824],{"class":122},[49,68801,126],{"class":63},[49,68803,8013],{"class":112},[49,68805,1436],{"class":63},[49,68807,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,68809,123],{"class":122},[49,68811,126],{"class":63},[49,68813,1429],{"class":1428},[49,68815,126],{"class":63},[49,68817,8013],{"class":112},[49,68819,1436],{"class":63},[49,68821,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,68823,123],{"class":122},[49,68825,126],{"class":63},[49,68827,8013],{"class":112},[49,68829,3573],{"class":63},[49,68831,1790],{"class":80},[49,68833,3561],{"class":63},[20,68835,68836],{},"These help you verify:",[155,68838,68839,68842,68844,68847],{},[158,68840,68841],{},"what the variable contains",[158,68843,60288],{},[158,68845,68846],{},"whether it is really a list",[158,68848,68849],{},"what the first item is",[20,68851,68852,68853,68856],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68854,68855],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[35,68858,1223,68860,68862],{"id":68859},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68861,41858],{}," with lists",[20,68864,68865,68866,68868],{},"You will often use ",[15,68867,41858],{}," in real programs.",[20,68870,9042],{},[155,68872,68873,68875,68878,68881],{},[158,68874,51271],{},[158,68876,68877],{},"Control loops",[158,68879,68880],{},"Validate input or results",[158,68882,68883],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68885,68886],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[40,68888,68890],{"className":42,"code":68889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68891,68892,68912,68928,68932,68946,68960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68893,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68895,2224],{"class":55},[49,68897,60],{"class":59},[49,68899,3296],{"class":63},[49,68901,2659],{"class":80},[49,68903,84],{"class":63},[49,68905,97],{"class":80},[49,68907,84],{"class":63},[49,68909,2120],{"class":80},[49,68911,3309],{"class":63},[49,68913,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68915,2252],{"class":55},[49,68917,60],{"class":59},[49,68919,3296],{"class":63},[49,68921,1999],{"class":80},[49,68923,84],{"class":63},[49,68925,7462],{"class":80},[49,68927,3309],{"class":63},[49,68929,68930],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,68931,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,68933,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,68935,123],{"class":122},[49,68937,126],{"class":63},[49,68939,10824],{"class":122},[49,68941,126],{"class":63},[49,68943,72],{"class":112},[49,68945,1436],{"class":63},[49,68947,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,68949,123],{"class":122},[49,68951,126],{"class":63},[49,68953,10824],{"class":122},[49,68955,126],{"class":63},[49,68957,90],{"class":112},[49,68959,1436],{"class":63},[49,68961,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,68963,123],{"class":122},[49,68965,126],{"class":63},[49,68967,10824],{"class":122},[49,68969,126],{"class":63},[49,68971,72],{"class":112},[49,68973,131],{"class":63},[49,68975,37891],{"class":59},[49,68977,37881],{"class":122},[49,68979,126],{"class":63},[49,68981,90],{"class":112},[49,68983,1436],{"class":63},[20,68985,573],{},[40,68987,68989],{"className":42,"code":68988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68990,68991,68995,68999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68992,68993],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68994,46116],{"class":80},[49,68996,68997],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,68998,16537],{"class":80},[49,69000,69001],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69002,1007],{"class":583},[20,69004,69005],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[40,69007,69009],{"className":42,"code":69008,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69010,69011,69043,69047,69069],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69012,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69014,4668],{"class":55},[49,69016,60],{"class":59},[49,69018,3296],{"class":63},[49,69020,68],{"class":67},[49,69022,12357],{"class":71},[49,69024,68],{"class":67},[49,69026,84],{"class":63},[49,69028,87],{"class":67},[49,69030,35433],{"class":71},[49,69032,68],{"class":67},[49,69034,84],{"class":63},[49,69036,87],{"class":67},[49,69038,35442],{"class":71},[49,69040,68],{"class":67},[49,69042,3309],{"class":63},[49,69044,69045],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69046,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69048,69049,69051,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69050,5630],{"class":973},[49,69052,69053],{"class":55}," i ",[49,69055,3555],{"class":973},[49,69057,53572],{"class":122},[49,69059,126],{"class":63},[49,69061,10824],{"class":122},[49,69063,126],{"class":63},[49,69065,4712],{"class":112},[49,69067,69068],{"class":63},")):\n",[49,69070,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079,69082,69084,69086],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,69072,7742],{"class":122},[49,69074,126],{"class":63},[49,69076,35647],{"class":112},[49,69078,84],{"class":63},[49,69080,69081],{"class":112}," names",[49,69083,3573],{"class":63},[49,69085,35647],{"class":112},[49,69087,3561],{"class":63},[20,69089,573],{},[40,69091,69092],{"className":42,"code":35491,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,69093,69094,69100,69106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69095,69096,69098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69097,1790],{"class":80},[49,69099,35500],{"class":55},[49,69101,69102,69104],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69103,2659],{"class":80},[49,69105,35507],{"class":55},[49,69107,69108,69110],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69109,1725],{"class":80},[49,69111,35514],{"class":55},[20,69113,69114,69115,109],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[72,69116,69118],{"href":69117},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69120,69121,69122,69124],{},"You can also read ",[72,69123,51048],{"href":51047}," for a task-focused guide.",[35,69126,1498],{"id":1497},[591,69128,69130],{"id":69129},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69132,1762,69133,69136],{},[15,69134,69135],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[591,69138,1512,69140,1515],{"id":69139},"what-does-len-return",[15,69141,69142],{},"len([])",[20,69144,1518,69145,69147],{},[15,69146,1790],{}," because the list is empty.",[591,69149,69151],{"id":69150},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69153,69154],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[591,69156,27815,69158,69160],{"id":69157},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69159,68336],{}," in Python?",[20,69162,29758,69163,7896,69165,69167],{},[15,69164,67782],{},[15,69166,41858],{}," is a built-in function.",[35,69169,1550],{"id":1549},[155,69171,69172,69178,69182,69186,69190],{},[158,69173,69174],{},[72,69175,3247,69176,3180],{"href":41855},[15,69177,41858],{},[158,69179,69180],{},[72,69181,52092],{"href":51047},[158,69183,69184],{},[72,69185,52273],{"href":50480},[158,69187,69188],{},[72,69189,68764],{"href":68763},[158,69191,69192],{},[72,69193,69194],{"href":69117},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1597,69196,69197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":69199},[69200,69201,69203,69204,69205,69206,69214,69216,69224],{"id":14641,"depth":103,"text":14642},{"id":67774,"depth":103,"text":69202},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5458,"depth":103,"text":5459},{"id":68043,"depth":103,"text":68044},{"id":68184,"depth":103,"text":68185},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":69207},[69208,69210,69211,69212],{"id":68333,"depth":119,"text":69209},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25172,"depth":119,"text":25173},{"id":68513,"depth":119,"text":68514},{"id":68767,"depth":119,"text":69213},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68859,"depth":103,"text":69215},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":69217},[69218,69219,69221,69222],{"id":69129,"depth":119,"text":69130},{"id":69139,"depth":119,"text":69220},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69150,"depth":119,"text":69151},{"id":69157,"depth":119,"text":69223},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67669,"description":69225},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69231,"title":69232,"body":69233,"description":71215,"extension":1632,"meta":71216,"navigation":312,"path":71217,"seo":71218,"stem":71219,"__hash__":71220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69234,"toc":71188},[69235,69238,69243,69246,69254,69267,69269,69334,69336,69358,69363,69367,69372,69380,69382,69392,69394,69475,69477,69507,69509,69528,69533,69550,69552,69636,69638,69668,69673,69677,69683,69767,69769,69799,69802,69806,69809,69900,69902,69940,69943,70028,70030,70060,70066,70073,70077,70082,70091,70093,70178,70180,70209,70212,70220,70224,70228,70237,70260,70262,70284,70286,70300,70302,70362,70366,70371,70410,70412,70429,70431,70441,70540,70545,70549,70554,70597,70599,70627,70629,70643,70718,70720,70742,70746,70749,70754,70765,70770,70778,70781,70852,70854,70879,70936,70938,70959,70968,70976,70981,70983,70988,71009,71012,71087,71090,71104,71111,71113,71117,71123,71127,71137,71141,71148,71152,71158,71160,71185],[10,69236,69232],{"id":69237},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69239,69240,69242],{},[15,69241,54584],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69244,69245],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[155,69247,69248,69251],{},[158,69249,69250],{},"delete an item from a list",[158,69252,69253],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69255,69256,69257,69259,69260,8379,69262,69266],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69258,1570],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69261,1570],{},[72,69263,69264],{"href":54574},[15,69265,55031],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[35,69268,38],{"id":37},[40,69270,69272],{"className":42,"code":69271,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69273,69274,69294,69309,69313,69324],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69275,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69277,3291],{"class":55},[49,69279,60],{"class":59},[49,69281,3296],{"class":63},[49,69283,1999],{"class":80},[49,69285,84],{"class":63},[49,69287,7462],{"class":80},[49,69289,84],{"class":63},[49,69291,7467],{"class":80},[49,69293,3309],{"class":63},[49,69295,69296,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69297,69298],{"class":55},"last_item ",[49,69300,60],{"class":59},[49,69302,3936],{"class":55},[49,69304,109],{"class":63},[49,69306,25727],{"class":112},[49,69308,116],{"class":63},[49,69310,69311],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69312,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69314,69315,69317,69319,69322],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,69316,123],{"class":122},[49,69318,126],{"class":63},[49,69320,69321],{"class":112},"last_item",[49,69323,335],{"class":63},[49,69325,69326,69328,69330,69332],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,69327,123],{"class":122},[49,69329,126],{"class":63},[49,69331,3323],{"class":112},[49,69333,335],{"class":63},[20,69335,573],{},[40,69337,69339],{"className":42,"code":69338,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69340,69341,69346],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69342,69343],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69344,69345],{"class":80},"30\n",[49,69347,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69349,3573],{"class":63},[49,69351,1999],{"class":80},[49,69353,84],{"class":63},[49,69355,7462],{"class":80},[49,69357,3309],{"class":63},[20,69359,1762,69360,69362],{},[15,69361,1570],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[35,69364,69366],{"id":69365},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69368,69369,69371],{},[15,69370,1570],{}," has two main jobs:",[155,69373,69374,69377],{},[158,69375,69376],{},"It removes one item from a list",[158,69378,69379],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69381,43148],{},[155,69383,69384,69387,69390],{},[158,69385,69386],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[158,69388,69389],{},"It changes the original list",[158,69391,52247],{},[20,69393,1244],{},[40,69395,69397],{"className":42,"code":69396,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69398,69399,69431,69435,69450,69454,69465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69400,69401,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69402,12553],{"class":55},[49,69404,60],{"class":59},[49,69406,3296],{"class":63},[49,69408,68],{"class":67},[49,69410,12570],{"class":71},[49,69412,68],{"class":67},[49,69414,84],{"class":63},[49,69416,87],{"class":67},[49,69418,16937],{"class":71},[49,69420,68],{"class":67},[49,69422,84],{"class":63},[49,69424,87],{"class":67},[49,69426,12587],{"class":71},[49,69428,68],{"class":67},[49,69430,3309],{"class":63},[49,69432,69433],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69434,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69436,69437,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69438,69439],{"class":55},"removed ",[49,69441,60],{"class":59},[49,69443,12601],{"class":55},[49,69445,109],{"class":63},[49,69447,25727],{"class":112},[49,69449,116],{"class":63},[49,69451,69452],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,69453,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69455,69456,69458,69460,69463],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,69457,123],{"class":122},[49,69459,126],{"class":63},[49,69461,69462],{"class":112},"removed",[49,69464,335],{"class":63},[49,69466,69467,69469,69471,69473],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,69468,123],{"class":122},[49,69470,126],{"class":63},[49,69472,16984],{"class":112},[49,69474,335],{"class":63},[20,69476,573],{},[40,69478,69480],{"className":42,"code":69479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69481,69482,69487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69483,69484],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69485,69486],{"class":55},"blue\n",[49,69488,69489,69491,69493,69495,69497,69499,69501,69503,69505],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69490,3573],{"class":63},[49,69492,397],{"class":67},[49,69494,12570],{"class":71},[49,69496,397],{"class":67},[49,69498,84],{"class":63},[49,69500,406],{"class":67},[49,69502,16937],{"class":71},[49,69504,397],{"class":67},[49,69506,3309],{"class":63},[35,69508,189],{"id":188},[40,69510,69512],{"className":42,"code":69511,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69513,69514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69515,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69517,7767],{"class":1428},[49,69519,109],{"class":63},[49,69521,25727],{"class":112},[49,69523,2656],{"class":63},[49,69525,35338],{"class":112},[49,69527,3561],{"class":63},[20,69529,150,69530,69532],{},[15,69531,35338],{}," is optional.",[155,69534,69535,69541,69547],{},[158,69536,69537,69538,69540],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69539,1570],{}," removes the last item",[158,69542,69543,69544,69546],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69545,1570],{}," removes the item at that position",[158,69548,69549],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69551,1244],{},[40,69553,69555],{"className":42,"code":69554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69556,69557,69589,69593,69612,69616,69626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69558,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69560,35583],{"class":55},[49,69562,60],{"class":59},[49,69564,3296],{"class":63},[49,69566,68],{"class":67},[49,69568,72],{"class":71},[49,69570,68],{"class":67},[49,69572,84],{"class":63},[49,69574,87],{"class":67},[49,69576,90],{"class":71},[49,69578,68],{"class":67},[49,69580,84],{"class":63},[49,69582,87],{"class":67},[49,69584,9406],{"class":71},[49,69586,68],{"class":67},[49,69588,3309],{"class":63},[49,69590,69591],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69592,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69594,69595,69597,69599,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69596,28025],{"class":55},[49,69598,60],{"class":59},[49,69600,69601],{"class":55}," letters",[49,69603,109],{"class":63},[49,69605,25727],{"class":112},[49,69607,126],{"class":63},[49,69609,2659],{"class":80},[49,69611,335],{"class":63},[49,69613,69614],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,69615,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69617,69618,69620,69622,69624],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,69619,123],{"class":122},[49,69621,126],{"class":63},[49,69623,22795],{"class":112},[49,69625,335],{"class":63},[49,69627,69628,69630,69632,69634],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,69629,123],{"class":122},[49,69631,126],{"class":63},[49,69633,35636],{"class":112},[49,69635,335],{"class":63},[20,69637,573],{},[40,69639,69641],{"className":42,"code":69640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69642,69643,69648],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69644,69645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69646,69647],{"class":55},"b\n",[49,69649,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69651,3573],{"class":63},[49,69653,397],{"class":67},[49,69655,72],{"class":71},[49,69657,397],{"class":67},[49,69659,84],{"class":63},[49,69661,406],{"class":67},[49,69663,9406],{"class":71},[49,69665,397],{"class":67},[49,69667,3309],{"class":63},[20,69669,69670,69671,109],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[72,69672,52273],{"href":50480},[35,69674,69676],{"id":69675},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69678,69679,69680,69682],{},"When you call ",[15,69681,1570],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[40,69684,69686],{"className":42,"code":69685,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69687,69688,69723,69727,69742,69746,69757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69689,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698,69701,69703,69705,69707,69710,69712,69714,69716,69719,69721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69691,29385],{"class":55},[49,69693,60],{"class":59},[49,69695,3296],{"class":63},[49,69697,68],{"class":67},[49,69699,69700],{"class":71},"write",[49,69702,68],{"class":67},[49,69704,84],{"class":63},[49,69706,87],{"class":67},[49,69708,69709],{"class":71},"test",[49,69711,68],{"class":67},[49,69713,84],{"class":63},[49,69715,87],{"class":67},[49,69717,69718],{"class":71},"submit",[49,69720,68],{"class":67},[49,69722,3309],{"class":63},[49,69724,69725],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69726,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69728,69729,69732,69734,69736,69738,69740],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69730,69731],{"class":55},"last_task ",[49,69733,60],{"class":59},[49,69735,29463],{"class":55},[49,69737,109],{"class":63},[49,69739,25727],{"class":112},[49,69741,116],{"class":63},[49,69743,69744],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,69745,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69747,69748,69750,69752,69755],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,69749,123],{"class":122},[49,69751,126],{"class":63},[49,69753,69754],{"class":112},"last_task",[49,69756,335],{"class":63},[49,69758,69759,69761,69763,69765],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,69760,123],{"class":122},[49,69762,126],{"class":63},[49,69764,35999],{"class":112},[49,69766,335],{"class":63},[20,69768,573],{},[40,69770,69772],{"className":42,"code":69771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69773,69774,69779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69775,69776],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69777,69778],{"class":55},"submit\n",[49,69780,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69782,3573],{"class":63},[49,69784,397],{"class":67},[49,69786,69700],{"class":71},[49,69788,397],{"class":67},[49,69790,84],{"class":63},[49,69792,406],{"class":67},[49,69794,69709],{"class":71},[49,69796,397],{"class":67},[49,69798,3309],{"class":63},[20,69800,69801],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[35,69803,69805],{"id":69804},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69807,69808],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[40,69810,69812],{"className":42,"code":69811,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69813,69814,69854,69858,69876,69880,69890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69815,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69817,35732],{"class":55},[49,69819,60],{"class":59},[49,69821,3296],{"class":63},[49,69823,68],{"class":67},[49,69825,3751],{"class":71},[49,69827,68],{"class":67},[49,69829,84],{"class":63},[49,69831,87],{"class":67},[49,69833,3760],{"class":71},[49,69835,68],{"class":67},[49,69837,84],{"class":63},[49,69839,87],{"class":67},[49,69841,3769],{"class":71},[49,69843,68],{"class":67},[49,69845,84],{"class":63},[49,69847,87],{"class":67},[49,69849,32710],{"class":71},[49,69851,68],{"class":67},[49,69853,3309],{"class":63},[49,69855,69856],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69857,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69859,69860,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69861,69439],{"class":55},[49,69863,60],{"class":59},[49,69865,52353],{"class":55},[49,69867,109],{"class":63},[49,69869,25727],{"class":112},[49,69871,126],{"class":63},[49,69873,2659],{"class":80},[49,69875,335],{"class":63},[49,69877,69878],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,69879,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69881,69882,69884,69886,69888],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,69883,123],{"class":122},[49,69885,126],{"class":63},[49,69887,69462],{"class":112},[49,69889,335],{"class":63},[49,69891,69892,69894,69896,69898],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,69893,123],{"class":122},[49,69895,126],{"class":63},[49,69897,35784],{"class":112},[49,69899,335],{"class":63},[20,69901,573],{},[40,69903,69905],{"className":42,"code":69904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69906,69907,69912],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69908,69909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69910,69911],{"class":55},"banana\n",[49,69913,69914,69916,69918,69920,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69915,3573],{"class":63},[49,69917,397],{"class":67},[49,69919,3751],{"class":71},[49,69921,397],{"class":67},[49,69923,84],{"class":63},[49,69925,406],{"class":67},[49,69927,3769],{"class":71},[49,69929,397],{"class":67},[49,69931,84],{"class":63},[49,69933,406],{"class":67},[49,69935,32710],{"class":71},[49,69937,397],{"class":67},[49,69939,3309],{"class":63},[20,69941,69942],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[40,69944,69946],{"className":42,"code":69945,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69947,69948,69980,69984,70004,70008,70018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69949,69950,69952,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69951,35732],{"class":55},[49,69953,60],{"class":59},[49,69955,3296],{"class":63},[49,69957,68],{"class":67},[49,69959,3751],{"class":71},[49,69961,68],{"class":67},[49,69963,84],{"class":63},[49,69965,87],{"class":67},[49,69967,3760],{"class":71},[49,69969,68],{"class":67},[49,69971,84],{"class":63},[49,69973,87],{"class":67},[49,69975,3769],{"class":71},[49,69977,68],{"class":67},[49,69979,3309],{"class":63},[49,69981,69982],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,69983,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,69985,69986,69988,69990,69992,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,69987,69439],{"class":55},[49,69989,60],{"class":59},[49,69991,52353],{"class":55},[49,69993,109],{"class":63},[49,69995,25727],{"class":112},[49,69997,126],{"class":63},[49,69999,1690],{"class":59},[49,70001,2659],{"class":80},[49,70003,335],{"class":63},[49,70005,70006],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,70007,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,70009,70010,70012,70014,70016],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,70011,123],{"class":122},[49,70013,126],{"class":63},[49,70015,69462],{"class":112},[49,70017,335],{"class":63},[49,70019,70020,70022,70024,70026],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,70021,123],{"class":122},[49,70023,126],{"class":63},[49,70025,35784],{"class":112},[49,70027,335],{"class":63},[20,70029,573],{},[40,70031,70033],{"className":42,"code":70032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70034,70035,70040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70036,70037],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70038,70039],{"class":55},"cherry\n",[49,70041,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70043,3573],{"class":63},[49,70045,397],{"class":67},[49,70047,3751],{"class":71},[49,70049,397],{"class":67},[49,70051,84],{"class":63},[49,70053,406],{"class":67},[49,70055,3760],{"class":71},[49,70057,397],{"class":67},[49,70059,3309],{"class":63},[20,70061,70062,70063,70065],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70064,65359],{}," means the last item.",[20,70067,70068,70069,109],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[72,70070,70071,1571],{"href":58468},[15,70072,64370],{},[35,70074,70076],{"id":70075},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70078,70079,70081],{},[15,70080,1570],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70083,70084,70085,1017,70087,109],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70086,1570],{},[72,70088,70089],{"href":54574},[15,70090,55031],{},[20,70092,1244],{},[40,70094,70096],{"className":42,"code":70095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70097,70098,70130,70134,70153,70157,70168],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70099,70100,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70101,4668],{"class":55},[49,70103,60],{"class":59},[49,70105,3296],{"class":63},[49,70107,68],{"class":67},[49,70109,12357],{"class":71},[49,70111,68],{"class":67},[49,70113,84],{"class":63},[49,70115,87],{"class":67},[49,70117,35433],{"class":71},[49,70119,68],{"class":67},[49,70121,84],{"class":63},[49,70123,87],{"class":67},[49,70125,35442],{"class":71},[49,70127,68],{"class":67},[49,70129,3309],{"class":63},[49,70131,70132],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70133,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,70135,70136,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,70137,70138],{"class":55},"removed_name ",[49,70140,60],{"class":59},[49,70142,69081],{"class":55},[49,70144,109],{"class":63},[49,70146,25727],{"class":112},[49,70148,126],{"class":63},[49,70150,1790],{"class":80},[49,70152,335],{"class":63},[49,70154,70155],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,70156,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,70158,70159,70161,70163,70166],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,70160,123],{"class":122},[49,70162,126],{"class":63},[49,70164,70165],{"class":112},"removed_name",[49,70167,335],{"class":63},[49,70169,70170,70172,70174,70176],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,70171,123],{"class":122},[49,70173,126],{"class":63},[49,70175,4712],{"class":112},[49,70177,335],{"class":63},[20,70179,573],{},[40,70181,70183],{"className":42,"code":70182,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70184,70185,70189],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70186,70187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70188,49540],{"class":55},[49,70190,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70192,3573],{"class":63},[49,70194,397],{"class":67},[49,70196,35433],{"class":71},[49,70198,397],{"class":67},[49,70200,84],{"class":63},[49,70202,406],{"class":67},[49,70204,35442],{"class":71},[49,70206,397],{"class":67},[49,70208,3309],{"class":63},[20,70210,70211],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70213,70214,70215,70217,70218,109],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70216,55031],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70219,169],{},[35,70221,70223],{"id":70222},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[591,70225,70227],{"id":70226},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70229,70230,70231,70233,70234,109],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70232,1570],{}," raises an ",[15,70235,70236],{},"IndexError",[40,70238,70240],{"className":42,"code":70239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70241,70242,70250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70243,70244,70246,70248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70245,7451],{"class":55},[49,70247,60],{"class":59},[49,70249,7511],{"class":63},[49,70251,70252,70254,70256,70258],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70253,7482],{"class":55},[49,70255,109],{"class":63},[49,70257,25727],{"class":112},[49,70259,116],{"class":63},[20,70261,573],{},[40,70263,70265],{"className":42,"code":70264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70266,70267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70268,70269,70271,70273,70276,70279,70282],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70270,70236],{"class":1428},[49,70272,77],{"class":63},[49,70274,70275],{"class":55}," pop ",[49,70277,70278],{"class":973},"from",[49,70280,70281],{"class":55}," empty ",[49,70283,49386],{"class":1428},[20,70285,38757],{},[155,70287,70288,70293],{},[158,70289,70290,70291],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70292,1570],{},[158,70294,70295,70296,1017,70298],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70297,29291],{},[15,70299,29322],{},[20,70301,1244],{},[40,70303,70305],{"className":42,"code":70304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70306,70307,70315,70319,70327,70341,70347],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70308,70309,70311,70313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70310,7451],{"class":55},[49,70312,60],{"class":59},[49,70314,7511],{"class":63},[49,70316,70317],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70318,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,70320,70321,70323,70325],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,70322,6668],{"class":973},[49,70324,5638],{"class":55},[49,70326,6067],{"class":63},[49,70328,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,70330,7742],{"class":122},[49,70332,126],{"class":63},[49,70334,7482],{"class":112},[49,70336,109],{"class":63},[49,70338,25727],{"class":112},[49,70340,6865],{"class":63},[49,70342,70343,70345],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,70344,26920],{"class":973},[49,70346,6067],{"class":63},[49,70348,70349,70351,70353,70355,70358,70360],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,70350,7742],{"class":122},[49,70352,126],{"class":63},[49,70354,68],{"class":67},[49,70356,70357],{"class":71},"The list is empty.",[49,70359,68],{"class":67},[49,70361,335],{"class":63},[591,70363,70365],{"id":70364},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70367,70368,70369,109],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70370,70236],{},[40,70372,70374],{"className":42,"code":70373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70375,70376,70396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70377,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70379,3291],{"class":55},[49,70381,60],{"class":59},[49,70383,3296],{"class":63},[49,70385,1999],{"class":80},[49,70387,84],{"class":63},[49,70389,7462],{"class":80},[49,70391,84],{"class":63},[49,70393,7467],{"class":80},[49,70395,3309],{"class":63},[49,70397,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70399,3323],{"class":55},[49,70401,109],{"class":63},[49,70403,25727],{"class":112},[49,70405,126],{"class":63},[49,70407,1807],{"class":80},[49,70409,335],{"class":63},[20,70411,573],{},[40,70413,70415],{"className":42,"code":70414,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70416,70417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70418,70419,70421,70423,70426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70420,70236],{"class":1428},[49,70422,77],{"class":63},[49,70424,70425],{"class":55}," pop index out of ",[49,70427,70428],{"class":122},"range\n",[20,70430,38757],{},[155,70432,70433,70438],{},[158,70434,70435,70436],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70437,41858],{},[158,70439,70440],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[40,70442,70444],{"className":42,"code":70443,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70445,70446,70466,70475,70479,70501,70519,70525],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70447,70448,70450,70452,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462,70464],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70449,3291],{"class":55},[49,70451,60],{"class":59},[49,70453,3296],{"class":63},[49,70455,1999],{"class":80},[49,70457,84],{"class":63},[49,70459,7462],{"class":80},[49,70461,84],{"class":63},[49,70463,7467],{"class":80},[49,70465,3309],{"class":63},[49,70467,70468,70471,70473],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70469,70470],{"class":55},"index ",[49,70472,60],{"class":59},[49,70474,45088],{"class":80},[49,70476,70477],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,70478,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,70480,70481,70483,70485,70488,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,70482,6668],{"class":973},[49,70484,3506],{"class":80},[49,70486,70487],{"class":59}," \u003C=",[49,70489,70490],{"class":55}," index ",[49,70492,2962],{"class":59},[49,70494,37881],{"class":122},[49,70496,126],{"class":63},[49,70498,3323],{"class":112},[49,70500,8016],{"class":63},[49,70502,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,70504,7742],{"class":122},[49,70506,126],{"class":63},[49,70508,3323],{"class":112},[49,70510,109],{"class":63},[49,70512,25727],{"class":112},[49,70514,126],{"class":63},[49,70516,35338],{"class":112},[49,70518,1436],{"class":63},[49,70520,70521,70523],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,70522,26920],{"class":973},[49,70524,6067],{"class":63},[49,70526,70527,70529,70531,70533,70536,70538],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,70528,7742],{"class":122},[49,70530,126],{"class":63},[49,70532,68],{"class":67},[49,70534,70535],{"class":71},"Index is out of range.",[49,70537,68],{"class":67},[49,70539,335],{"class":63},[20,70541,70542,70543,109],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[72,70544,68764],{"href":68763},[591,70546,70548],{"id":70547},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70550,70551,70553],{},[15,70552,1570],{}," expects an integer index.",[40,70555,70557],{"className":42,"code":70556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70558,70559,70579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70560,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70562,3291],{"class":55},[49,70564,60],{"class":59},[49,70566,3296],{"class":63},[49,70568,1999],{"class":80},[49,70570,84],{"class":63},[49,70572,7462],{"class":80},[49,70574,84],{"class":63},[49,70576,7467],{"class":80},[49,70578,3309],{"class":63},[49,70580,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70582,3323],{"class":55},[49,70584,109],{"class":63},[49,70586,25727],{"class":112},[49,70588,126],{"class":63},[49,70590,68],{"class":67},[49,70592,2659],{"class":71},[49,70594,68],{"class":67},[49,70596,335],{"class":63},[20,70598,573],{},[40,70600,70602],{"className":42,"code":70601,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70603,70604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70605,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70621,70624],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70607,2676],{"class":1428},[49,70609,77],{"class":63},[49,70611,406],{"class":67},[49,70613,3114],{"class":71},[49,70615,397],{"class":67},[49,70617,24102],{"class":1428},[49,70619,70620],{"class":55}," cannot be interpreted ",[49,70622,70623],{"class":973},"as",[49,70625,70626],{"class":55}," an integer\n",[20,70628,38757],{},[155,70630,70631,70640],{},[158,70632,70633,70634,1858,70636,1862,70638],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70635,1790],{},[15,70637,2659],{},[15,70639,65359],{},[158,70641,70642],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[40,70644,70646],{"className":42,"code":70645,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70647,70648,70668,70686,70690,70708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70649,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70651,3291],{"class":55},[49,70653,60],{"class":59},[49,70655,3296],{"class":63},[49,70657,1999],{"class":80},[49,70659,84],{"class":63},[49,70661,7462],{"class":80},[49,70663,84],{"class":63},[49,70665,7467],{"class":80},[49,70667,3309],{"class":63},[49,70669,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70671,70470],{"class":55},[49,70673,60],{"class":59},[49,70675,44775],{"class":1428},[49,70677,126],{"class":63},[49,70679,68],{"class":67},[49,70681,2659],{"class":71},[49,70683,68],{"class":67},[49,70685,335],{"class":63},[49,70687,70688],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,70689,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,70691,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,70693,123],{"class":122},[49,70695,126],{"class":63},[49,70697,3323],{"class":112},[49,70699,109],{"class":63},[49,70701,25727],{"class":112},[49,70703,126],{"class":63},[49,70705,35338],{"class":112},[49,70707,1436],{"class":63},[49,70709,70710,70712,70714,70716],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,70711,123],{"class":122},[49,70713,126],{"class":63},[49,70715,3323],{"class":112},[49,70717,335],{"class":63},[20,70719,573],{},[40,70721,70723],{"className":42,"code":70722,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70724,70725,70730],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70726,70727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70728,70729],{"class":80},"20\n",[49,70731,70732,70734,70736,70738,70740],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70733,3573],{"class":63},[49,70735,1999],{"class":80},[49,70737,84],{"class":63},[49,70739,7467],{"class":80},[49,70741,3309],{"class":63},[35,70743,70745],{"id":70744},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70747,70748],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[591,70750,1762,70752,10265],{"id":70751},"use-pop-when",[15,70753,1570],{},[155,70755,70756,70759,70762],{},[158,70757,70758],{},"you want to remove by index",[158,70760,70761],{},"you want the removed item returned",[158,70763,70764],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[591,70766,1762,70768,10265],{"id":70767},"use-remove-when",[15,70769,55031],{},[155,70771,70772,70775],{},[158,70773,70774],{},"you want to remove by value",[158,70776,70777],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70779,70780],{},"Compare these examples:",[40,70782,70784],{"className":42,"code":70783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70785,70786,70810,70814,70832,70842],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70787,70788,70790,70792,70794,70796,70798,70800,70802,70804,70806,70808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70789,3291],{"class":55},[49,70791,60],{"class":59},[49,70793,3296],{"class":63},[49,70795,1999],{"class":80},[49,70797,84],{"class":63},[49,70799,7462],{"class":80},[49,70801,84],{"class":63},[49,70803,7467],{"class":80},[49,70805,84],{"class":63},[49,70807,7462],{"class":80},[49,70809,3309],{"class":63},[49,70811,70812],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70813,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,70815,70816,70818,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,70817,69439],{"class":55},[49,70819,60],{"class":59},[49,70821,3936],{"class":55},[49,70823,109],{"class":63},[49,70825,25727],{"class":112},[49,70827,126],{"class":63},[49,70829,2659],{"class":80},[49,70831,335],{"class":63},[49,70833,70834,70836,70838,70840],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,70835,123],{"class":122},[49,70837,126],{"class":63},[49,70839,69462],{"class":112},[49,70841,335],{"class":63},[49,70843,70844,70846,70848,70850],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,70845,123],{"class":122},[49,70847,126],{"class":63},[49,70849,3323],{"class":112},[49,70851,335],{"class":63},[20,70853,573],{},[40,70855,70857],{"className":42,"code":70856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70858,70859,70863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70860,70861],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70862,70729],{"class":80},[49,70864,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873,70875,70877],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70866,3573],{"class":63},[49,70868,1999],{"class":80},[49,70870,84],{"class":63},[49,70872,7467],{"class":80},[49,70874,84],{"class":63},[49,70876,7462],{"class":80},[49,70878,3309],{"class":63},[40,70880,70882],{"className":42,"code":70881,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70883,70884,70908,70912,70926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70885,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898,70900,70902,70904,70906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70887,3291],{"class":55},[49,70889,60],{"class":59},[49,70891,3296],{"class":63},[49,70893,1999],{"class":80},[49,70895,84],{"class":63},[49,70897,7462],{"class":80},[49,70899,84],{"class":63},[49,70901,7467],{"class":80},[49,70903,84],{"class":63},[49,70905,7462],{"class":80},[49,70907,3309],{"class":63},[49,70909,70910],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,70911,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,70913,70914,70916,70918,70920,70922,70924],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,70915,3323],{"class":55},[49,70917,109],{"class":63},[49,70919,34285],{"class":112},[49,70921,126],{"class":63},[49,70923,15234],{"class":80},[49,70925,335],{"class":63},[49,70927,70928,70930,70932,70934],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,70929,123],{"class":122},[49,70931,126],{"class":63},[49,70933,3323],{"class":112},[49,70935,335],{"class":63},[20,70937,573],{},[40,70939,70941],{"className":42,"code":70940,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70942,70943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70944,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70946,3573],{"class":63},[49,70948,1999],{"class":80},[49,70950,84],{"class":63},[49,70952,7467],{"class":80},[49,70954,84],{"class":63},[49,70956,7462],{"class":80},[49,70958,3309],{"class":63},[20,70960,70961,70962,70965,70966,109],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70963,70964],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70967,2659],{},[20,70969,56107,70970,70973,70974,109],{},[15,70971,70972],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70975,15234],{},[20,70977,70978,70979,109],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[72,70980,54570],{"href":54569},[35,70982,1376],{"id":1375},[20,70984,70985,70986,77],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70987,1570],{},[155,70989,70990,70993,70996,71002,71006],{},[158,70991,70992],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[158,70994,70995],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[158,70997,36698,70998,8379,71000],{},[15,70999,1570],{},[15,71001,55031],{},[158,71003,1392,71004,61476],{},[15,71005,1570],{},[158,71007,71008],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71010,71011],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[40,71013,71015],{"className":42,"code":71014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71016,71017,71027,71041,71055,71073],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71018,71019,71021,71023,71025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71020,123],{"class":122},[49,71022,126],{"class":63},[49,71024,8013],{"class":112},[49,71026,335],{"class":63},[49,71028,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71030,123],{"class":122},[49,71032,126],{"class":63},[49,71034,10824],{"class":122},[49,71036,126],{"class":63},[49,71038,8013],{"class":112},[49,71040,1436],{"class":63},[49,71042,71043,71045,71047,71049,71051,71053],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,71044,123],{"class":122},[49,71046,126],{"class":63},[49,71048,8013],{"class":112},[49,71050,109],{"class":63},[49,71052,25727],{"class":112},[49,71054,6865],{"class":63},[49,71056,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,71058,123],{"class":122},[49,71060,126],{"class":63},[49,71062,8013],{"class":112},[49,71064,109],{"class":63},[49,71066,25727],{"class":112},[49,71068,126],{"class":63},[49,71070,1790],{"class":80},[49,71072,1436],{"class":63},[49,71074,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,71076,123],{"class":122},[49,71078,126],{"class":63},[49,71080,1429],{"class":1428},[49,71082,126],{"class":63},[49,71084,35338],{"class":112},[49,71086,1436],{"class":63},[20,71088,71089],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[155,71091,71092,71098],{},[158,71093,71094,71097],{},[15,71095,71096],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[158,71099,71100,71103],{},[15,71101,71102],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71105,71106,71107,71110],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71108,71109],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[35,71112,1498],{"id":1497},[591,71114,71116],{"id":71115},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71118,71119,71120,71122],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71121,1570],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[591,71124,71126],{"id":71125},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71128,71129,71131,71132,71134,71135,109],{},[15,71130,1570],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71133,55031],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71136,169],{},[591,71138,71140],{"id":71139},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71142,71143,71144,71147],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71145,71146],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[591,71149,71151],{"id":71150},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71153,71154,71155,71157],{},"Python raises ",[15,71156,70236],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[35,71159,1550],{"id":1549},[155,71161,71162,71166,71171,71176,71181],{},[158,71163,71164],{},[72,71165,55017],{"href":54569},[158,71167,71168],{},[72,71169,71170],{"href":54574},"Python list remove() method",[158,71172,71173],{},[72,71174,71175],{"href":58468},"Python list index() method",[158,71177,71178],{},[72,71179,71180],{"href":50480},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[158,71182,71183],{},[72,71184,68764],{"href":68763},[1597,71186,71187],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":71189},[71190,71191,71192,71193,71194,71195,71196,71201,71207,71208,71214],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":69365,"depth":103,"text":69366},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":69675,"depth":103,"text":69676},{"id":69804,"depth":103,"text":69805},{"id":70075,"depth":103,"text":70076},{"id":70222,"depth":103,"text":70223,"children":71197},[71198,71199,71200],{"id":70226,"depth":119,"text":70227},{"id":70364,"depth":119,"text":70365},{"id":70547,"depth":119,"text":70548},{"id":70744,"depth":103,"text":70745,"children":71202},[71203,71205],{"id":70751,"depth":119,"text":71204},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70767,"depth":119,"text":71206},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":71209},[71210,71211,71212,71213],{"id":71115,"depth":119,"text":71116},{"id":71125,"depth":119,"text":71126},{"id":71139,"depth":119,"text":71140},{"id":71150,"depth":119,"text":71151},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69232,"description":71215},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71222,"title":71223,"body":71224,"description":73010,"extension":1632,"meta":73011,"navigation":312,"path":73012,"seo":73013,"stem":73014,"__hash__":73015},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71225,"toc":72992},[71226,71229,71234,71240,71242,71312,71318,71322,71327,71348,71351,71418,71420,71441,71449,71451,71470,71486,71488,71553,71555,71580,71582,71584,71649,71651,71676,71678,71692,71695,71748,71750,71771,71775,71783,71856,71858,71891,71897,71903,71994,71996,72021,72027,72116,72118,72142,72144,72148,72203,72205,72237,72240,72243,72337,72339,72372,72378,72384,72388,72395,72421,72425,72490,72492,72517,72521,72602,72604,72633,72638,72643,72649,72653,72660,72682,72686,72745,72747,72771,72780,72785,72787,72791,72820,72822,72897,72900,72914,72920,72922,72926,72929,72933,72938,72942,72951,72955,72963,72965,72989],[10,71227,71223],{"id":71228},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71230,150,71231,71233],{},[15,71232,54577],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71235,71236,71237,71239],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[30,71238,2142],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[35,71241,38],{"id":37},[40,71243,71245],{"className":42,"code":71244,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71246,71247,71279,71297,71307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71248,71249,71251,71253,71255,71257,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71250,7451],{"class":55},[49,71252,60],{"class":59},[49,71254,3296],{"class":63},[49,71256,68],{"class":67},[49,71258,3751],{"class":71},[49,71260,68],{"class":67},[49,71262,84],{"class":63},[49,71264,87],{"class":67},[49,71266,3760],{"class":71},[49,71268,68],{"class":67},[49,71270,84],{"class":63},[49,71272,87],{"class":67},[49,71274,32710],{"class":71},[49,71276,68],{"class":67},[49,71278,3309],{"class":63},[49,71280,71281,71283,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71282,7482],{"class":55},[49,71284,109],{"class":63},[49,71286,34285],{"class":112},[49,71288,126],{"class":63},[49,71290,68],{"class":67},[49,71292,3760],{"class":71},[49,71294,68],{"class":67},[49,71296,335],{"class":63},[49,71298,71299,71301,71303,71305],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,71300,123],{"class":122},[49,71302,126],{"class":63},[49,71304,7482],{"class":112},[49,71306,335],{"class":63},[49,71308,71309],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,71310,71311],{"class":134},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71313,1762,71314,71317],{},[15,71315,71316],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[35,71319,71321],{"id":71320},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71323,71324,71326],{},[15,71325,55031],{}," is a list method that:",[155,71328,71329,71335,71340,71345],{},[158,71330,71331,71332,71334],{},"Deletes the ",[30,71333,29396],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[158,71336,71337,71338],{},"Changes the original list ",[30,71339,32],{},[158,71341,1502,71342,71344],{},[30,71343,600],{}," return a new list",[158,71346,71347],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71349,71350],{},"This is important for beginners:",[40,71352,71354],{"className":42,"code":71353,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71355,71356,71376,71394,71398,71408],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71357,71358,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71359,3291],{"class":55},[49,71361,60],{"class":59},[49,71363,3296],{"class":63},[49,71365,2659],{"class":80},[49,71367,84],{"class":63},[49,71369,97],{"class":80},[49,71371,84],{"class":63},[49,71373,2120],{"class":80},[49,71375,3309],{"class":63},[49,71377,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71379,534],{"class":55},[49,71381,60],{"class":59},[49,71383,3936],{"class":55},[49,71385,109],{"class":63},[49,71387,34285],{"class":112},[49,71389,126],{"class":63},[49,71391,1725],{"class":80},[49,71393,335],{"class":63},[49,71395,71396],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,71397,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,71399,71400,71402,71404,71406],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,71401,123],{"class":122},[49,71403,126],{"class":63},[49,71405,3323],{"class":112},[49,71407,335],{"class":63},[49,71409,71410,71412,71414,71416],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,71411,123],{"class":122},[49,71413,126],{"class":63},[49,71415,558],{"class":112},[49,71417,335],{"class":63},[20,71419,573],{},[40,71421,71423],{"className":42,"code":71422,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71424,71425,71437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71426,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71428,3573],{"class":63},[49,71430,2659],{"class":80},[49,71432,84],{"class":63},[49,71434,2120],{"class":80},[49,71436,3309],{"class":63},[49,71438,71439],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71440,584],{"class":583},[20,71442,71443,71444,71446,71447,109],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71445,55031],{}," itself returned ",[15,71448,169],{},[35,71450,5104],{"id":5103},[40,71452,71454],{"className":42,"code":71453,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71455,71456],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71457,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71459,7767],{"class":1428},[49,71461,109],{"class":63},[49,71463,34285],{"class":112},[49,71465,126],{"class":63},[49,71467,2142],{"class":112},[49,71469,335],{"class":63},[155,71471,71472,71477,71480],{},[158,71473,71474,71476],{},[15,71475,2142],{}," is the item you want to delete",[158,71478,71479],{},"Python searches from left to right",[158,71481,71482,71483,71485],{},"Only the ",[30,71484,29396],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71487,1244],{},[40,71489,71491],{"className":42,"code":71490,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71492,71493,71525,71543],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71494,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71496,35583],{"class":55},[49,71498,60],{"class":59},[49,71500,3296],{"class":63},[49,71502,68],{"class":67},[49,71504,72],{"class":71},[49,71506,68],{"class":67},[49,71508,84],{"class":63},[49,71510,87],{"class":67},[49,71512,90],{"class":71},[49,71514,68],{"class":67},[49,71516,84],{"class":63},[49,71518,87],{"class":67},[49,71520,9406],{"class":71},[49,71522,68],{"class":67},[49,71524,3309],{"class":63},[49,71526,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71528,35636],{"class":55},[49,71530,109],{"class":63},[49,71532,34285],{"class":112},[49,71534,126],{"class":63},[49,71536,68],{"class":67},[49,71538,90],{"class":71},[49,71540,68],{"class":67},[49,71542,335],{"class":63},[49,71544,71545,71547,71549,71551],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,71546,123],{"class":122},[49,71548,126],{"class":63},[49,71550,35636],{"class":112},[49,71552,335],{"class":63},[20,71554,573],{},[40,71556,71558],{"className":42,"code":71557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71559,71560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71561,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71563,3573],{"class":63},[49,71565,397],{"class":67},[49,71567,72],{"class":71},[49,71569,397],{"class":67},[49,71571,84],{"class":63},[49,71573,406],{"class":67},[49,71575,9406],{"class":71},[49,71577,397],{"class":67},[49,71579,3309],{"class":63},[35,71581,5459],{"id":5458},[20,71583,64679],{},[40,71585,71587],{"className":42,"code":71586,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71588,71589,71621,71639],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71590,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71592,12553],{"class":55},[49,71594,60],{"class":59},[49,71596,3296],{"class":63},[49,71598,68],{"class":67},[49,71600,12570],{"class":71},[49,71602,68],{"class":67},[49,71604,84],{"class":63},[49,71606,87],{"class":67},[49,71608,12587],{"class":71},[49,71610,68],{"class":67},[49,71612,84],{"class":63},[49,71614,87],{"class":67},[49,71616,16937],{"class":71},[49,71618,68],{"class":67},[49,71620,3309],{"class":63},[49,71622,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71624,16984],{"class":55},[49,71626,109],{"class":63},[49,71628,34285],{"class":112},[49,71630,126],{"class":63},[49,71632,68],{"class":67},[49,71634,12587],{"class":71},[49,71636,68],{"class":67},[49,71638,335],{"class":63},[49,71640,71641,71643,71645,71647],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,71642,123],{"class":122},[49,71644,126],{"class":63},[49,71646,16984],{"class":112},[49,71648,335],{"class":63},[20,71650,573],{},[40,71652,71654],{"className":42,"code":71653,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71655,71656],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71657,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71659,3573],{"class":63},[49,71661,397],{"class":67},[49,71663,12570],{"class":71},[49,71665,397],{"class":67},[49,71667,84],{"class":63},[49,71669,406],{"class":67},[49,71671,16937],{"class":71},[49,71673,397],{"class":67},[49,71675,3309],{"class":63},[20,71677,453],{},[155,71679,71680,71683,71689],{},[158,71681,71682],{},"A list is created with three values",[158,71684,71685,71688],{},[15,71686,71687],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[158,71690,71691],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71693,71694],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[40,71696,71698],{"className":42,"code":71697,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71699,71700,71724,71738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71701,71702,71704,71706,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71703,4737],{"class":55},[49,71705,60],{"class":59},[49,71707,3296],{"class":63},[49,71709,1999],{"class":80},[49,71711,84],{"class":63},[49,71713,7462],{"class":80},[49,71715,84],{"class":63},[49,71717,7467],{"class":80},[49,71719,84],{"class":63},[49,71721,50344],{"class":80},[49,71723,3309],{"class":63},[49,71725,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71727,15869],{"class":55},[49,71729,109],{"class":63},[49,71731,34285],{"class":112},[49,71733,126],{"class":63},[49,71735,36335],{"class":80},[49,71737,335],{"class":63},[49,71739,71740,71742,71744,71746],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,71741,123],{"class":122},[49,71743,126],{"class":63},[49,71745,15869],{"class":112},[49,71747,335],{"class":63},[20,71749,573],{},[40,71751,71753],{"className":42,"code":71752,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71754,71755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71756,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71758,3573],{"class":63},[49,71760,1999],{"class":80},[49,71762,84],{"class":63},[49,71764,7462],{"class":80},[49,71766,84],{"class":63},[49,71768,50344],{"class":80},[49,71770,3309],{"class":63},[35,71772,71774],{"id":71773},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71776,64669,71777,71779,71780,71782],{},[15,71778,55031],{}," deletes only the ",[30,71781,29396],{}," one.",[40,71784,71786],{"className":42,"code":71785,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71787,71788,71828,71846],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71789,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71791,7451],{"class":55},[49,71793,60],{"class":59},[49,71795,3296],{"class":63},[49,71797,68],{"class":67},[49,71799,3751],{"class":71},[49,71801,68],{"class":67},[49,71803,84],{"class":63},[49,71805,87],{"class":67},[49,71807,3760],{"class":71},[49,71809,68],{"class":67},[49,71811,84],{"class":63},[49,71813,87],{"class":67},[49,71815,3751],{"class":71},[49,71817,68],{"class":67},[49,71819,84],{"class":63},[49,71821,87],{"class":67},[49,71823,32710],{"class":71},[49,71825,68],{"class":67},[49,71827,3309],{"class":63},[49,71829,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71831,7482],{"class":55},[49,71833,109],{"class":63},[49,71835,34285],{"class":112},[49,71837,126],{"class":63},[49,71839,68],{"class":67},[49,71841,3751],{"class":71},[49,71843,68],{"class":67},[49,71845,335],{"class":63},[49,71847,71848,71850,71852,71854],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,71849,123],{"class":122},[49,71851,126],{"class":63},[49,71853,7482],{"class":112},[49,71855,335],{"class":63},[20,71857,573],{},[40,71859,71861],{"className":42,"code":71860,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71862,71863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71864,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71866,3573],{"class":63},[49,71868,397],{"class":67},[49,71870,3760],{"class":71},[49,71872,397],{"class":67},[49,71874,84],{"class":63},[49,71876,406],{"class":67},[49,71878,3751],{"class":71},[49,71880,397],{"class":67},[49,71882,84],{"class":63},[49,71884,406],{"class":67},[49,71886,32710],{"class":71},[49,71888,397],{"class":67},[49,71890,3309],{"class":63},[20,71892,71893,71894,71896],{},"Only the first ",[15,71895,57336],{}," was removed.",[20,71898,71899,71900,71902],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71901,55031],{}," again:",[40,71904,71906],{"className":42,"code":71905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71907,71908,71948,71966,71984],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71909,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71911,7451],{"class":55},[49,71913,60],{"class":59},[49,71915,3296],{"class":63},[49,71917,68],{"class":67},[49,71919,3751],{"class":71},[49,71921,68],{"class":67},[49,71923,84],{"class":63},[49,71925,87],{"class":67},[49,71927,3760],{"class":71},[49,71929,68],{"class":67},[49,71931,84],{"class":63},[49,71933,87],{"class":67},[49,71935,3751],{"class":71},[49,71937,68],{"class":67},[49,71939,84],{"class":63},[49,71941,87],{"class":67},[49,71943,32710],{"class":71},[49,71945,68],{"class":67},[49,71947,3309],{"class":63},[49,71949,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,71951,7482],{"class":55},[49,71953,109],{"class":63},[49,71955,34285],{"class":112},[49,71957,126],{"class":63},[49,71959,68],{"class":67},[49,71961,3751],{"class":71},[49,71963,68],{"class":67},[49,71965,335],{"class":63},[49,71967,71968,71970,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,71969,7482],{"class":55},[49,71971,109],{"class":63},[49,71973,34285],{"class":112},[49,71975,126],{"class":63},[49,71977,68],{"class":67},[49,71979,3751],{"class":71},[49,71981,68],{"class":67},[49,71983,335],{"class":63},[49,71985,71986,71988,71990,71992],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,71987,123],{"class":122},[49,71989,126],{"class":63},[49,71991,7482],{"class":112},[49,71993,335],{"class":63},[20,71995,573],{},[40,71997,71999],{"className":42,"code":71998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72000,72001],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72002,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72004,3573],{"class":63},[49,72006,397],{"class":67},[49,72008,3760],{"class":71},[49,72010,397],{"class":67},[49,72012,84],{"class":63},[49,72014,406],{"class":67},[49,72016,32710],{"class":71},[49,72018,397],{"class":67},[49,72020,3309],{"class":63},[20,72022,72023,72024,72026],{},"If you need to remove ",[30,72025,3389],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[40,72028,72030],{"className":42,"code":72029,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72031,72032,72072,72106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72033,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72035,7451],{"class":55},[49,72037,60],{"class":59},[49,72039,3296],{"class":63},[49,72041,68],{"class":67},[49,72043,3751],{"class":71},[49,72045,68],{"class":67},[49,72047,84],{"class":63},[49,72049,87],{"class":67},[49,72051,3760],{"class":71},[49,72053,68],{"class":67},[49,72055,84],{"class":63},[49,72057,87],{"class":67},[49,72059,3751],{"class":71},[49,72061,68],{"class":67},[49,72063,84],{"class":63},[49,72065,87],{"class":67},[49,72067,32710],{"class":71},[49,72069,68],{"class":67},[49,72071,3309],{"class":63},[49,72073,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72091,72093,72095,72098,72100,72102,72104],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,72075,7451],{"class":55},[49,72077,60],{"class":59},[49,72079,3296],{"class":63},[49,72081,28025],{"class":55},[49,72083,5630],{"class":973},[49,72085,5633],{"class":55},[49,72087,3555],{"class":973},[49,72089,72090],{"class":55}," items ",[49,72092,6668],{"class":973},[49,72094,5633],{"class":55},[49,72096,72097],{"class":59},"!=",[49,72099,87],{"class":67},[49,72101,3751],{"class":71},[49,72103,68],{"class":67},[49,72105,3309],{"class":63},[49,72107,72108,72110,72112,72114],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,72109,123],{"class":122},[49,72111,126],{"class":63},[49,72113,7482],{"class":112},[49,72115,335],{"class":63},[20,72117,573],{},[40,72119,72120],{"className":42,"code":71998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,72121,72122],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72123,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72125,3573],{"class":63},[49,72127,397],{"class":67},[49,72129,3760],{"class":71},[49,72131,397],{"class":67},[49,72133,84],{"class":63},[49,72135,406],{"class":67},[49,72137,32710],{"class":71},[49,72139,397],{"class":67},[49,72141,3309],{"class":63},[35,72143,65135],{"id":65134},[20,72145,65138,72146,109],{},[15,72147,40200],{},[40,72149,72151],{"className":42,"code":72150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72152,72153,72185],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72154,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72156,7451],{"class":55},[49,72158,60],{"class":59},[49,72160,3296],{"class":63},[49,72162,68],{"class":67},[49,72164,3751],{"class":71},[49,72166,68],{"class":67},[49,72168,84],{"class":63},[49,72170,87],{"class":67},[49,72172,3760],{"class":71},[49,72174,68],{"class":67},[49,72176,84],{"class":63},[49,72178,87],{"class":67},[49,72180,32710],{"class":71},[49,72182,68],{"class":67},[49,72184,3309],{"class":63},[49,72186,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,72188,7482],{"class":55},[49,72190,109],{"class":63},[49,72192,34285],{"class":112},[49,72194,126],{"class":63},[49,72196,68],{"class":67},[49,72198,22017],{"class":71},[49,72200,68],{"class":67},[49,72202,335],{"class":63},[20,72204,573],{},[40,72206,72208],{"className":42,"code":72207,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72209,72210],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72211,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72213,40200],{"class":1428},[49,72215,77],{"class":63},[49,72217,22044],{"class":1428},[49,72219,109],{"class":63},[49,72221,34285],{"class":112},[49,72223,126],{"class":63},[49,72225,504],{"class":112},[49,72227,15932],{"class":63},[49,72229,3552],{"class":55},[49,72231,600],{"class":59},[49,72233,20657],{"class":59},[49,72235,72236],{"class":1428}," list\n",[20,72238,72239],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72241,72242],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[40,72244,72246],{"className":42,"code":72245,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72247,72248,72280,72292,72296,72308,72323,72327],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72249,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72251,7451],{"class":55},[49,72253,60],{"class":59},[49,72255,3296],{"class":63},[49,72257,68],{"class":67},[49,72259,3751],{"class":71},[49,72261,68],{"class":67},[49,72263,84],{"class":63},[49,72265,87],{"class":67},[49,72267,3760],{"class":71},[49,72269,68],{"class":67},[49,72271,84],{"class":63},[49,72273,87],{"class":67},[49,72275,32710],{"class":71},[49,72277,68],{"class":67},[49,72279,3309],{"class":63},[49,72281,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,72283,2115],{"class":55},[49,72285,60],{"class":59},[49,72287,87],{"class":67},[49,72289,22017],{"class":71},[49,72291,301],{"class":67},[49,72293,72294],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,72295,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,72297,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,72299,6668],{"class":973},[49,72301,21068],{"class":55},[49,72303,3555],{"class":59},[49,72305,5638],{"class":55},[49,72307,6067],{"class":63},[49,72309,72310,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,72311,72312],{"class":55},"    items",[49,72314,109],{"class":63},[49,72316,34285],{"class":112},[49,72318,126],{"class":63},[49,72320,2142],{"class":112},[49,72322,335],{"class":63},[49,72324,72325],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,72326,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,72328,72329,72331,72333,72335],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,72330,123],{"class":122},[49,72332,126],{"class":63},[49,72334,7482],{"class":112},[49,72336,335],{"class":63},[20,72338,573],{},[40,72340,72342],{"className":42,"code":72341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72343,72344],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72345,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72347,3573],{"class":63},[49,72349,397],{"class":67},[49,72351,3751],{"class":71},[49,72353,397],{"class":67},[49,72355,84],{"class":63},[49,72357,406],{"class":67},[49,72359,3760],{"class":71},[49,72361,397],{"class":67},[49,72363,84],{"class":63},[49,72365,406],{"class":67},[49,72367,32710],{"class":71},[49,72369,397],{"class":67},[49,72371,3309],{"class":63},[20,72373,72374,72375,72377],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72376,55031],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72379,72380,72381,109],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[72,72382,65344],{"href":72383},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[35,72385,72387],{"id":72386},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72389,72390,1017,72392,72394],{},[15,72391,55031],{},[15,72393,1570],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[155,72396,72397,72404,72410,72416],{},[158,72398,72399,72401,72402],{},[15,72400,55031],{}," deletes by ",[30,72403,2142],{},[158,72405,72406,72401,72408],{},[15,72407,1570],{},[30,72409,35338],{},[158,72411,72412,480,72414],{},[15,72413,55031],{},[15,72415,169],{},[158,72417,72418,72420],{},[15,72419,1570],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72422,45539,72423,77],{},[15,72424,55031],{},[40,72426,72428],{"className":42,"code":72427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72429,72430,72462,72480],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72431,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72433,7451],{"class":55},[49,72435,60],{"class":59},[49,72437,3296],{"class":63},[49,72439,68],{"class":67},[49,72441,3751],{"class":71},[49,72443,68],{"class":67},[49,72445,84],{"class":63},[49,72447,87],{"class":67},[49,72449,3760],{"class":71},[49,72451,68],{"class":67},[49,72453,84],{"class":63},[49,72455,87],{"class":67},[49,72457,32710],{"class":71},[49,72459,68],{"class":67},[49,72461,3309],{"class":63},[49,72463,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,72465,7482],{"class":55},[49,72467,109],{"class":63},[49,72469,34285],{"class":112},[49,72471,126],{"class":63},[49,72473,68],{"class":67},[49,72475,3760],{"class":71},[49,72477,68],{"class":67},[49,72479,335],{"class":63},[49,72481,72482,72484,72486,72488],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,72483,123],{"class":122},[49,72485,126],{"class":63},[49,72487,7482],{"class":112},[49,72489,335],{"class":63},[20,72491,573],{},[40,72493,72495],{"className":42,"code":72494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72496,72497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72498,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72500,3573],{"class":63},[49,72502,397],{"class":67},[49,72504,3751],{"class":71},[49,72506,397],{"class":67},[49,72508,84],{"class":63},[49,72510,406],{"class":67},[49,72512,32710],{"class":71},[49,72514,397],{"class":67},[49,72516,3309],{"class":63},[20,72518,45539,72519,77],{},[15,72520,1570],{},[40,72522,72524],{"className":42,"code":72523,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72525,72526,72558,72577,72581,72591],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72527,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72529,7451],{"class":55},[49,72531,60],{"class":59},[49,72533,3296],{"class":63},[49,72535,68],{"class":67},[49,72537,3751],{"class":71},[49,72539,68],{"class":67},[49,72541,84],{"class":63},[49,72543,87],{"class":67},[49,72545,3760],{"class":71},[49,72547,68],{"class":67},[49,72549,84],{"class":63},[49,72551,87],{"class":67},[49,72553,32710],{"class":71},[49,72555,68],{"class":67},[49,72557,3309],{"class":63},[49,72559,72560,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,72561,72562],{"class":55},"removed_item ",[49,72564,60],{"class":59},[49,72566,5638],{"class":55},[49,72568,109],{"class":63},[49,72570,25727],{"class":112},[49,72572,126],{"class":63},[49,72574,2659],{"class":80},[49,72576,335],{"class":63},[49,72578,72579],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,72580,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,72582,72583,72585,72587,72589],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,72584,123],{"class":122},[49,72586,126],{"class":63},[49,72588,7482],{"class":112},[49,72590,335],{"class":63},[49,72592,72593,72595,72597,72600],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,72594,123],{"class":122},[49,72596,126],{"class":63},[49,72598,72599],{"class":112},"removed_item",[49,72601,335],{"class":63},[20,72603,573],{},[40,72605,72607],{"className":42,"code":72606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72608,72609,72629],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72610,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72612,3573],{"class":63},[49,72614,397],{"class":67},[49,72616,3751],{"class":71},[49,72618,397],{"class":67},[49,72620,84],{"class":63},[49,72622,406],{"class":67},[49,72624,32710],{"class":71},[49,72626,397],{"class":67},[49,72628,3309],{"class":63},[49,72630,72631],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,72632,69911],{"class":55},[20,72634,1762,72635,72637],{},[15,72636,55031],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72639,1762,72640,72642],{},[15,72641,1570],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72644,72645,72646,109],{},"For more detail, see the ",[72,72647,72648],{"href":54581},"Python list pop() method",[35,72650,72652],{"id":72651},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72654,72655,1017,72657,72659],{},[15,72656,55031],{},[15,72658,26511],{}," are also different.",[155,72661,72662,72667,72672,72677],{},[158,72663,72664,72666],{},[15,72665,55031],{}," deletes by matching value",[158,72668,72669,72671],{},[15,72670,26511],{}," deletes by index or slice",[158,72673,1762,72674,72676],{},[15,72675,26511],{}," when you know the position",[158,72678,1762,72679,72681],{},[15,72680,55031],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72683,45539,72684,77],{},[15,72685,26511],{},[40,72687,72689],{"className":42,"code":72688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72690,72691,72723,72735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72692,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72694,7451],{"class":55},[49,72696,60],{"class":59},[49,72698,3296],{"class":63},[49,72700,68],{"class":67},[49,72702,3751],{"class":71},[49,72704,68],{"class":67},[49,72706,84],{"class":63},[49,72708,87],{"class":67},[49,72710,3760],{"class":71},[49,72712,68],{"class":67},[49,72714,84],{"class":63},[49,72716,87],{"class":67},[49,72718,32710],{"class":71},[49,72720,68],{"class":67},[49,72722,3309],{"class":63},[49,72724,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,72726,26511],{"class":973},[49,72728,5638],{"class":55},[49,72730,3573],{"class":63},[49,72732,2659],{"class":80},[49,72734,3309],{"class":63},[49,72736,72737,72739,72741,72743],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,72738,123],{"class":122},[49,72740,126],{"class":63},[49,72742,7482],{"class":112},[49,72744,335],{"class":63},[20,72746,573],{},[40,72748,72749],{"className":42,"code":72494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,72750,72751],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72752,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72754,3573],{"class":63},[49,72756,397],{"class":67},[49,72758,3751],{"class":71},[49,72760,397],{"class":67},[49,72762,84],{"class":63},[49,72764,406],{"class":67},[49,72766,32710],{"class":71},[49,72768,397],{"class":67},[49,72770,3309],{"class":63},[20,72772,72773,72774,72776,72777,72779],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72775,2659],{},", not the value ",[15,72778,64779],{}," directly.",[20,72781,72782,72783,109],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[72,72784,54570],{"href":54569},[35,72786,1376],{"id":1375},[20,72788,20695,72789,77],{},[15,72790,55031],{},[155,72792,72793,72796,72801,72808,72817],{},[158,72794,72795],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[158,72797,1392,72798,72800],{},[15,72799,55031],{}," to delete all matching values",[158,72802,1386,72803,72805,72806],{},[15,72804,55031],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72807,169],{},[158,72809,8092,72810,44128,72812,2548,72814,72816],{},[15,72811,55031],{},[15,72813,1570],{},[15,72815,26511],{}," would be a better fit",[158,72818,72819],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72821,71011],{},[40,72823,72825],{"className":42,"code":72824,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72826,72827,72837,72851,72869,72883],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72828,72829,72831,72833,72835],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72830,123],{"class":122},[49,72832,126],{"class":63},[49,72834,8013],{"class":112},[49,72836,335],{"class":63},[49,72838,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,72840,123],{"class":122},[49,72842,126],{"class":63},[49,72844,2115],{"class":112},[49,72846,3555],{"class":973},[49,72848,8070],{"class":112},[49,72850,335],{"class":63},[49,72852,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,72854,123],{"class":122},[49,72856,126],{"class":63},[49,72858,8013],{"class":112},[49,72860,109],{"class":63},[49,72862,40756],{"class":112},[49,72864,126],{"class":63},[49,72866,2142],{"class":112},[49,72868,1436],{"class":63},[49,72870,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,72872,123],{"class":122},[49,72874,126],{"class":63},[49,72876,1429],{"class":1428},[49,72878,126],{"class":63},[49,72880,8013],{"class":112},[49,72882,1436],{"class":63},[49,72884,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,72886,31641],{"class":122},[49,72888,126],{"class":63},[49,72890,7767],{"class":1428},[49,72892,109],{"class":63},[49,72894,34285],{"class":24235},[49,72896,335],{"class":63},[20,72898,72899],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[155,72901,72902,72905,72908,72911],{},[158,72903,72904],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[158,72906,72907],{},"How many times does it appear?",[158,72909,72910],{},"Am I working with a list?",[158,72912,72913],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72915,72916,72917,72919],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[72,72918,71175],{"href":58468}," may also help.",[35,72921,1498],{"id":1497},[591,72923,72925],{"id":72924},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72927,72928],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[591,72930,72932],{"id":72931},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72934,1518,72935,72937],{},[15,72936,169],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[591,72939,72941],{"id":72940},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72943,72944,72945,72948,72949,109],{},"Check with ",[15,72946,72947],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72950,55031],{},[591,72952,72954],{"id":72953},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72956,1762,72957,72959,72960,72962],{},[15,72958,55031],{}," for a value and ",[15,72961,1570],{}," for an index.",[35,72964,1550],{"id":1549},[155,72966,72967,72971,72975,72979,72983],{},[158,72968,72969],{},[72,72970,55017],{"href":54569},[158,72972,72973],{},[72,72974,72648],{"href":54581},[158,72976,72977],{},[72,72978,71175],{"href":58468},[158,72980,72981],{},[72,72982,65344],{"href":72383},[158,72984,72985],{},[72,72986,72988],{"href":72987},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1597,72990,72991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":72993},[72994,72995,72996,72997,72998,72999,73000,73001,73002,73003,73009],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":71320,"depth":103,"text":71321},{"id":5103,"depth":103,"text":5104},{"id":5458,"depth":103,"text":5459},{"id":71773,"depth":103,"text":71774},{"id":65134,"depth":103,"text":65135},{"id":72386,"depth":103,"text":72387},{"id":72651,"depth":103,"text":72652},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":73004},[73005,73006,73007,73008],{"id":72924,"depth":119,"text":72925},{"id":72931,"depth":119,"text":72932},{"id":72940,"depth":119,"text":72941},{"id":72953,"depth":119,"text":72954},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71223,"description":73010},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73017,"title":73018,"body":73019,"description":74910,"extension":1632,"meta":74911,"navigation":312,"path":74912,"seo":74913,"stem":74914,"__hash__":74915},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73020,"toc":74880},[73021,73027,73033,73036,73047,73049,73098,73103,73108,73112,73127,73129,73194,73196,73237,73239,73241,73256,73258,73269,73271,73328,73330,73363,73365,73368,73417,73419,73444,73446,73462,73468,73475,73536,73538,73571,73576,73579,73659,73661,73722,73728,73732,73735,73799,73801,73826,73828,73848,73850,73899,73901,73922,73931,73934,73938,73943,73988,73990,74011,74017,74022,74030,74094,74096,74133,74139,74143,74150,74215,74217,74254,74258,74275,74285,74290,74295,74306,74313,74315,74321,74344,74347,74374,74379,74382,74483,74485,74540,74543,74650,74652,74723,74726,74752,74754,74759,74763,74771,74776,74781,74787,74792,74796,74799,74816,74819,74839,74847,74849,74877],[10,73022,53844,73024,18],{"id":73023},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73025,73026],{},"reverse()",[20,73028,73029,73032],{},[15,73030,73031],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73034,73035],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73037,73038,73039,73041,73042,73046],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73040,73026],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[72,73043,73045],{"href":73044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[35,73048,3281],{"id":3280},[40,73050,73052],{"className":42,"code":73051,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73053,73054,73074,73085],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73055,73056,73058,73060,73062,73064,73066,73068,73070,73072],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73057,3291],{"class":55},[49,73059,60],{"class":59},[49,73061,3296],{"class":63},[49,73063,2659],{"class":80},[49,73065,84],{"class":63},[49,73067,97],{"class":80},[49,73069,84],{"class":63},[49,73071,2120],{"class":80},[49,73073,3309],{"class":63},[49,73075,73076,73078,73080,73083],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73077,3323],{"class":55},[49,73079,109],{"class":63},[49,73081,73082],{"class":112},"reverse",[49,73084,116],{"class":63},[49,73086,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73088,123],{"class":122},[49,73090,126],{"class":63},[49,73092,3323],{"class":112},[49,73094,131],{"class":63},[49,73096,73097],{"class":134},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73099,73100,73102],{},[15,73101,73026],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[35,73104,144,73106,147],{"id":73105},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73107,73031],{},[20,73109,73110,77],{},[15,73111,73031],{},[155,73113,73114,73117,73120,73124],{},[158,73115,73116],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[158,73118,73119],{},"Changes the original list directly",[158,73121,166,73122],{},[15,73123,169],{},[158,73125,73126],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73128,1244],{},[40,73130,73132],{"className":42,"code":73131,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73133,73134,73174,73184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73135,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73137,35583],{"class":55},[49,73139,60],{"class":59},[49,73141,3296],{"class":63},[49,73143,68],{"class":67},[49,73145,72],{"class":71},[49,73147,68],{"class":67},[49,73149,84],{"class":63},[49,73151,87],{"class":67},[49,73153,90],{"class":71},[49,73155,68],{"class":67},[49,73157,84],{"class":63},[49,73159,87],{"class":67},[49,73161,9406],{"class":71},[49,73163,68],{"class":67},[49,73165,84],{"class":63},[49,73167,87],{"class":67},[49,73169,18250],{"class":71},[49,73171,68],{"class":67},[49,73173,3309],{"class":63},[49,73175,73176,73178,73180,73182],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73177,35636],{"class":55},[49,73179,109],{"class":63},[49,73181,73082],{"class":112},[49,73183,116],{"class":63},[49,73185,73186,73188,73190,73192],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73187,123],{"class":122},[49,73189,126],{"class":63},[49,73191,35636],{"class":112},[49,73193,335],{"class":63},[20,73195,573],{},[40,73197,73199],{"className":42,"code":73198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73200,73201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73202,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73204,3573],{"class":63},[49,73206,397],{"class":67},[49,73208,18250],{"class":71},[49,73210,397],{"class":67},[49,73212,84],{"class":63},[49,73214,406],{"class":67},[49,73216,9406],{"class":71},[49,73218,397],{"class":67},[49,73220,84],{"class":63},[49,73222,406],{"class":67},[49,73224,90],{"class":71},[49,73226,397],{"class":67},[49,73228,84],{"class":63},[49,73230,406],{"class":67},[49,73232,72],{"class":71},[49,73234,397],{"class":67},[49,73236,3309],{"class":63},[35,73238,189],{"id":188},[20,73240,1830],{},[40,73242,73244],{"className":42,"code":73243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73245,73246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73247,73248,73250,73252,73254],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73249,8013],{"class":55},[49,73251,109],{"class":63},[49,73253,73082],{"class":112},[49,73255,116],{"class":63},[20,73257,12529],{},[155,73259,73260,73263,73266],{},[158,73261,73262],{},"No arguments are needed",[158,73264,73265],{},"You call it on an existing list",[158,73267,73268],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73270,1244],{},[40,73272,73274],{"className":42,"code":73273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73275,73276,73308,73318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73277,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73279,12553],{"class":55},[49,73281,60],{"class":59},[49,73283,3296],{"class":63},[49,73285,68],{"class":67},[49,73287,12570],{"class":71},[49,73289,68],{"class":67},[49,73291,84],{"class":63},[49,73293,87],{"class":67},[49,73295,16937],{"class":71},[49,73297,68],{"class":67},[49,73299,84],{"class":63},[49,73301,87],{"class":67},[49,73303,12587],{"class":71},[49,73305,68],{"class":67},[49,73307,3309],{"class":63},[49,73309,73310,73312,73314,73316],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73311,16984],{"class":55},[49,73313,109],{"class":63},[49,73315,73082],{"class":112},[49,73317,116],{"class":63},[49,73319,73320,73322,73324,73326],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73321,123],{"class":122},[49,73323,126],{"class":63},[49,73325,16984],{"class":112},[49,73327,335],{"class":63},[20,73329,573],{},[40,73331,73333],{"className":42,"code":73332,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73334,73335],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73336,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73338,3573],{"class":63},[49,73340,397],{"class":67},[49,73342,12587],{"class":71},[49,73344,397],{"class":67},[49,73346,84],{"class":63},[49,73348,406],{"class":67},[49,73350,16937],{"class":71},[49,73352,397],{"class":67},[49,73354,84],{"class":63},[49,73356,406],{"class":67},[49,73358,12570],{"class":71},[49,73360,397],{"class":67},[49,73362,3309],{"class":63},[35,73364,225],{"id":224},[20,73366,73367],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[40,73369,73371],{"className":42,"code":73370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73372,73373,73397,73407],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73374,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73376,3291],{"class":55},[49,73378,60],{"class":59},[49,73380,3296],{"class":63},[49,73382,1999],{"class":80},[49,73384,84],{"class":63},[49,73386,7462],{"class":80},[49,73388,84],{"class":63},[49,73390,7467],{"class":80},[49,73392,84],{"class":63},[49,73394,50344],{"class":80},[49,73396,3309],{"class":63},[49,73398,73399,73401,73403,73405],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73400,3323],{"class":55},[49,73402,109],{"class":63},[49,73404,73082],{"class":112},[49,73406,116],{"class":63},[49,73408,73409,73411,73413,73415],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73410,123],{"class":122},[49,73412,126],{"class":63},[49,73414,3323],{"class":112},[49,73416,335],{"class":63},[20,73418,573],{},[40,73420,73422],{"className":42,"code":73421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73423,73424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73425,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73427,3573],{"class":63},[49,73429,56195],{"class":80},[49,73431,84],{"class":63},[49,73433,7467],{"class":80},[49,73435,84],{"class":63},[49,73437,7462],{"class":80},[49,73439,84],{"class":63},[49,73441,5677],{"class":80},[49,73443,3309],{"class":63},[20,73445,453],{},[155,73447,73448,73454,73459],{},[158,73449,73450,73451],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73452,73453],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[158,73455,73456,73458],{},[15,73457,73026],{}," flips the order",[158,73460,73461],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[35,73463,73465,73467],{"id":73464},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73466,73026],{}," changes the original list",[20,73469,73470,73471,73474],{},"This method is ",[30,73472,73473],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[40,73476,73478],{"className":42,"code":73477,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73479,73480,73512,73522,73526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73481,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73483,35732],{"class":55},[49,73485,60],{"class":59},[49,73487,3296],{"class":63},[49,73489,68],{"class":67},[49,73491,3751],{"class":71},[49,73493,68],{"class":67},[49,73495,84],{"class":63},[49,73497,87],{"class":67},[49,73499,3760],{"class":71},[49,73501,68],{"class":67},[49,73503,84],{"class":63},[49,73505,87],{"class":67},[49,73507,3769],{"class":71},[49,73509,68],{"class":67},[49,73511,3309],{"class":63},[49,73513,73514,73516,73518,73520],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73515,35784],{"class":55},[49,73517,109],{"class":63},[49,73519,73082],{"class":112},[49,73521,116],{"class":63},[49,73523,73524],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73525,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,73527,73528,73530,73532,73534],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,73529,123],{"class":122},[49,73531,126],{"class":63},[49,73533,35784],{"class":112},[49,73535,335],{"class":63},[20,73537,573],{},[40,73539,73541],{"className":42,"code":73540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73542,73543],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73544,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73546,3573],{"class":63},[49,73548,397],{"class":67},[49,73550,3769],{"class":71},[49,73552,397],{"class":67},[49,73554,84],{"class":63},[49,73556,406],{"class":67},[49,73558,3760],{"class":71},[49,73560,397],{"class":67},[49,73562,84],{"class":63},[49,73564,406],{"class":67},[49,73566,3751],{"class":71},[49,73568,397],{"class":67},[49,73570,3309],{"class":63},[20,73572,1762,73573,73575],{},[15,73574,73026],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73577,73578],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[40,73580,73582],{"className":42,"code":73581,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73583,73584,73616,73634,73638,73648],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73585,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73587,35732],{"class":55},[49,73589,60],{"class":59},[49,73591,3296],{"class":63},[49,73593,68],{"class":67},[49,73595,3751],{"class":71},[49,73597,68],{"class":67},[49,73599,84],{"class":63},[49,73601,87],{"class":67},[49,73603,3760],{"class":71},[49,73605,68],{"class":67},[49,73607,84],{"class":63},[49,73609,87],{"class":67},[49,73611,3769],{"class":71},[49,73613,68],{"class":67},[49,73615,3309],{"class":63},[49,73617,73618,73621,73623,73625,73628,73630,73632],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73619,73620],{"class":55},"reversed_fruits ",[49,73622,60],{"class":59},[49,73624,52353],{"class":55},[49,73626,73627],{"class":63},"[::",[49,73629,1690],{"class":59},[49,73631,2659],{"class":80},[49,73633,3309],{"class":63},[49,73635,73636],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73637,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,73639,73640,73642,73644,73646],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,73641,123],{"class":122},[49,73643,126],{"class":63},[49,73645,35784],{"class":112},[49,73647,335],{"class":63},[49,73649,73650,73652,73654,73657],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,73651,123],{"class":122},[49,73653,126],{"class":63},[49,73655,73656],{"class":112},"reversed_fruits",[49,73658,335],{"class":63},[20,73660,573],{},[40,73662,73664],{"className":42,"code":73663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73665,73666,73694],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73667,73668,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73669,3573],{"class":63},[49,73671,397],{"class":67},[49,73673,3751],{"class":71},[49,73675,397],{"class":67},[49,73677,84],{"class":63},[49,73679,406],{"class":67},[49,73681,3760],{"class":71},[49,73683,397],{"class":67},[49,73685,84],{"class":63},[49,73687,406],{"class":67},[49,73689,3769],{"class":71},[49,73691,397],{"class":67},[49,73693,3309],{"class":63},[49,73695,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73697,3573],{"class":63},[49,73699,397],{"class":67},[49,73701,3769],{"class":71},[49,73703,397],{"class":67},[49,73705,84],{"class":63},[49,73707,406],{"class":67},[49,73709,3760],{"class":71},[49,73711,397],{"class":67},[49,73713,84],{"class":63},[49,73715,406],{"class":67},[49,73717,3751],{"class":71},[49,73719,397],{"class":67},[49,73721,3309],{"class":63},[20,73723,73724,73725,109],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[72,73726,73727],{"href":73044},"Python list slicing explained",[35,73729,73731],{"id":73730},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73733,73734],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[40,73736,73738],{"className":42,"code":73737,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73739,73740,73760,73774,73778,73789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73741,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752,73754,73756,73758],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73743,3291],{"class":55},[49,73745,60],{"class":59},[49,73747,3296],{"class":63},[49,73749,2659],{"class":80},[49,73751,84],{"class":63},[49,73753,97],{"class":80},[49,73755,84],{"class":63},[49,73757,2120],{"class":80},[49,73759,3309],{"class":63},[49,73761,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73763,55392],{"class":55},[49,73765,60],{"class":59},[49,73767,3936],{"class":55},[49,73769,109],{"class":63},[49,73771,73082],{"class":112},[49,73773,116],{"class":63},[49,73775,73776],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73777,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,73779,73780,73782,73784,73787],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,73781,123],{"class":122},[49,73783,126],{"class":63},[49,73785,73786],{"class":112},"new_list",[49,73788,335],{"class":63},[49,73790,73791,73793,73795,73797],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,73792,123],{"class":122},[49,73794,126],{"class":63},[49,73796,3323],{"class":112},[49,73798,335],{"class":63},[20,73800,573],{},[40,73802,73804],{"className":42,"code":73803,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73805,73806,73810],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73807,73808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73809,584],{"class":583},[49,73811,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73813,3573],{"class":63},[49,73815,1731],{"class":80},[49,73817,84],{"class":63},[49,73819,97],{"class":80},[49,73821,84],{"class":63},[49,73823,81],{"class":80},[49,73825,3309],{"class":63},[20,73827,679],{},[155,73829,73830,73838,73842],{},[158,73831,73832,73834,73835,73837],{},[15,73833,73026],{}," changes ",[15,73836,3323],{}," directly",[158,73839,40402,73840,71344],{},[30,73841,600],{},[158,73843,53155,73844,41652,73846],{},[15,73845,73786],{},[15,73847,169],{},[20,73849,61402],{},[40,73851,73853],{"className":42,"code":73852,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73854,73855,73875,73885,73889],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73856,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73858,3291],{"class":55},[49,73860,60],{"class":59},[49,73862,3296],{"class":63},[49,73864,2659],{"class":80},[49,73866,84],{"class":63},[49,73868,97],{"class":80},[49,73870,84],{"class":63},[49,73872,2120],{"class":80},[49,73874,3309],{"class":63},[49,73876,73877,73879,73881,73883],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73878,3323],{"class":55},[49,73880,109],{"class":63},[49,73882,73082],{"class":112},[49,73884,116],{"class":63},[49,73886,73887],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73888,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,73890,73891,73893,73895,73897],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,73892,123],{"class":122},[49,73894,126],{"class":63},[49,73896,3323],{"class":112},[49,73898,335],{"class":63},[20,73900,573],{},[40,73902,73904],{"className":42,"code":73903,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73905,73906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73907,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73909,3573],{"class":63},[49,73911,1731],{"class":80},[49,73913,84],{"class":63},[49,73915,97],{"class":80},[49,73917,84],{"class":63},[49,73919,81],{"class":80},[49,73921,3309],{"class":63},[35,73923,73925,10249,73927,73930],{"id":73924},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73926,73026],{},[15,73928,73929],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73932,73933],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[591,73935,73936],{"id":73082},[15,73937,73026],{},[20,73939,73940,73942],{},[15,73941,73026],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[40,73944,73946],{"className":42,"code":73945,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73947,73948,73968,73978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73949,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73951,3291],{"class":55},[49,73953,60],{"class":59},[49,73955,3296],{"class":63},[49,73957,1731],{"class":80},[49,73959,84],{"class":63},[49,73961,81],{"class":80},[49,73963,84],{"class":63},[49,73965,97],{"class":80},[49,73967,3309],{"class":63},[49,73969,73970,73972,73974,73976],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,73971,3323],{"class":55},[49,73973,109],{"class":63},[49,73975,73082],{"class":112},[49,73977,116],{"class":63},[49,73979,73980,73982,73984,73986],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,73981,123],{"class":122},[49,73983,126],{"class":63},[49,73985,3323],{"class":112},[49,73987,335],{"class":63},[20,73989,573],{},[40,73991,73993],{"className":42,"code":73992,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73994,73995],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73996,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73998,3573],{"class":63},[49,74000,1725],{"class":80},[49,74002,84],{"class":63},[49,74004,81],{"class":80},[49,74006,84],{"class":63},[49,74008,2120],{"class":80},[49,74010,3309],{"class":63},[20,74012,74013,74014,74016],{},"Notice that this is ",[30,74015,600],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[591,74018,74020],{"id":74019},"sorted",[15,74021,73929],{},[20,74023,74024,74029],{},[72,74025,74027],{"href":74026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74028,73929],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[40,74031,74033],{"className":42,"code":74032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74034,74035,74055,74070,74074,74084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74036,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74038,3291],{"class":55},[49,74040,60],{"class":59},[49,74042,3296],{"class":63},[49,74044,1731],{"class":80},[49,74046,84],{"class":63},[49,74048,81],{"class":80},[49,74050,84],{"class":63},[49,74052,97],{"class":80},[49,74054,3309],{"class":63},[49,74056,74057,74059,74061,74064,74066,74068],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74058,534],{"class":55},[49,74060,60],{"class":59},[49,74062,74063],{"class":122}," sorted",[49,74065,126],{"class":63},[49,74067,3323],{"class":112},[49,74069,335],{"class":63},[49,74071,74072],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,74073,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,74075,74076,74078,74080,74082],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,74077,123],{"class":122},[49,74079,126],{"class":63},[49,74081,3323],{"class":112},[49,74083,335],{"class":63},[49,74085,74086,74088,74090,74092],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,74087,123],{"class":122},[49,74089,126],{"class":63},[49,74091,558],{"class":112},[49,74093,335],{"class":63},[20,74095,573],{},[40,74097,74099],{"className":42,"code":74098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74100,74101,74117],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74102,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113,74115],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74104,3573],{"class":63},[49,74106,1731],{"class":80},[49,74108,84],{"class":63},[49,74110,81],{"class":80},[49,74112,84],{"class":63},[49,74114,97],{"class":80},[49,74116,3309],{"class":63},[49,74118,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74120,3573],{"class":63},[49,74122,2659],{"class":80},[49,74124,84],{"class":63},[49,74126,97],{"class":80},[49,74128,84],{"class":63},[49,74130,2120],{"class":80},[49,74132,3309],{"class":63},[20,74134,74135,74136,109],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74137,74138],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[591,74140,74142],{"id":74141},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74144,74145,74146,74149],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74147,74148],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[40,74151,74153],{"className":42,"code":74152,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74154,74155,74175,74191,74195,74205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74156,74157,74159,74161,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74158,3291],{"class":55},[49,74160,60],{"class":59},[49,74162,3296],{"class":63},[49,74164,1731],{"class":80},[49,74166,84],{"class":63},[49,74168,81],{"class":80},[49,74170,84],{"class":63},[49,74172,97],{"class":80},[49,74174,3309],{"class":63},[49,74176,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74178,534],{"class":55},[49,74180,60],{"class":59},[49,74182,3936],{"class":55},[49,74184,73627],{"class":63},[49,74186,1690],{"class":59},[49,74188,2659],{"class":80},[49,74190,3309],{"class":63},[49,74192,74193],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,74194,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,74196,74197,74199,74201,74203],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,74198,123],{"class":122},[49,74200,126],{"class":63},[49,74202,3323],{"class":112},[49,74204,335],{"class":63},[49,74206,74207,74209,74211,74213],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,74208,123],{"class":122},[49,74210,126],{"class":63},[49,74212,558],{"class":112},[49,74214,335],{"class":63},[20,74216,573],{},[40,74218,74220],{"className":42,"code":74219,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74221,74222,74238],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74223,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234,74236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74225,3573],{"class":63},[49,74227,1731],{"class":80},[49,74229,84],{"class":63},[49,74231,81],{"class":80},[49,74233,84],{"class":63},[49,74235,97],{"class":80},[49,74237,3309],{"class":63},[49,74239,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74241,3573],{"class":63},[49,74243,1725],{"class":80},[49,74245,84],{"class":63},[49,74247,81],{"class":80},[49,74249,84],{"class":63},[49,74251,2120],{"class":80},[49,74253,3309],{"class":63},[591,74255,74257],{"id":74256},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[155,74259,74260,74265,74270],{},[158,74261,1762,74262,74264],{},[15,74263,73026],{}," when you want to change the original list",[158,74266,1762,74267,74269],{},[15,74268,74148],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[158,74271,1762,74272,74274],{},[15,74273,73929],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74276,74277,74278,74284],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[72,74279,74281,74282,1571],{"href":74280},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74283,63816],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[35,74286,1223,74288],{"id":74287},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74289,73026],{},[20,74291,74292,74294],{},[15,74293,73026],{}," is a good choice:",[155,74296,74297,74300,74303],{},[158,74298,74299],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[158,74301,74302],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[158,74304,74305],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74307,74308,74309,109],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[72,74310,74312],{"href":74311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[35,74314,1376],{"id":1375},[20,74316,74317,74318,74320],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74319,73026],{}," for these reasons:",[155,74322,74323,74327,74332,74337],{},[158,74324,1386,74325,1389],{},[15,74326,73026],{},[158,74328,1392,74329,74331],{},[15,74330,73026],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[158,74333,8092,74334,74336],{},[15,74335,73026],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[158,74338,36698,74339,8379,74341],{},[15,74340,73026],{},[15,74342,74343],{},"reversed()",[20,74345,74346],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[40,74348,74350],{"className":42,"code":74349,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74351,74352,74364],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74353,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74355,34178],{"class":55},[49,74357,60],{"class":59},[49,74359,87],{"class":67},[49,74361,3518],{"class":71},[49,74363,301],{"class":67},[49,74365,74366,74368,74370,74372],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74367,34199],{"class":55},[49,74369,109],{"class":63},[49,74371,73082],{"class":112},[49,74373,116],{"class":63},[20,74375,74376,74377,33090],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74378,73026],{},[20,74380,74381],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[40,74383,74385],{"className":42,"code":74384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74386,74387,74407,74411,74421,74435,74439,74453,74463,74467],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74388,74389,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74390,7982],{"class":55},[49,74392,60],{"class":59},[49,74394,3296],{"class":63},[49,74396,2659],{"class":80},[49,74398,84],{"class":63},[49,74400,97],{"class":80},[49,74402,84],{"class":63},[49,74404,2120],{"class":80},[49,74406,3309],{"class":63},[49,74408,74409],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74410,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,74412,74413,74415,74417,74419],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,74414,123],{"class":122},[49,74416,126],{"class":63},[49,74418,8013],{"class":112},[49,74420,335],{"class":63},[49,74422,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,74424,123],{"class":122},[49,74426,126],{"class":63},[49,74428,1429],{"class":1428},[49,74430,126],{"class":63},[49,74432,8013],{"class":112},[49,74434,1436],{"class":63},[49,74436,74437],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,74438,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,74440,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,74442,534],{"class":55},[49,74444,60],{"class":59},[49,74446,8070],{"class":55},[49,74448,109],{"class":63},[49,74450,73082],{"class":112},[49,74452,116],{"class":63},[49,74454,74455,74457,74459,74461],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,74456,123],{"class":122},[49,74458,126],{"class":63},[49,74460,558],{"class":112},[49,74462,335],{"class":63},[49,74464,74465],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,74466,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,74468,74469,74471,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,74470,123],{"class":122},[49,74472,126],{"class":63},[49,74474,8013],{"class":112},[49,74476,73627],{"class":63},[49,74478,1690],{"class":59},[49,74480,2659],{"class":80},[49,74482,3561],{"class":63},[20,74484,573],{},[40,74486,74488],{"className":42,"code":74487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74489,74490,74506,74520,74524],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74491,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502,74504],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74493,3573],{"class":63},[49,74495,2659],{"class":80},[49,74497,84],{"class":63},[49,74499,97],{"class":80},[49,74501,84],{"class":63},[49,74503,2120],{"class":80},[49,74505,3309],{"class":63},[49,74507,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74509,2962],{"class":59},[49,74511,2965],{"class":1734},[49,74513,406],{"class":67},[49,74515,7767],{"class":71},[49,74517,397],{"class":67},[49,74519,2974],{"class":59},[49,74521,74522],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,74523,584],{"class":583},[49,74525,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,74527,3573],{"class":63},[49,74529,2659],{"class":80},[49,74531,84],{"class":63},[49,74533,97],{"class":80},[49,74535,84],{"class":63},[49,74537,81],{"class":80},[49,74539,3309],{"class":63},[20,74541,74542],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[40,74544,74546],{"className":42,"code":74545,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74547,74548,74568,74572,74582,74596,74600,74614,74624,74634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74549,74550,74552,74554,74556,74558,74560,74562,74564,74566],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74551,7982],{"class":55},[49,74553,60],{"class":59},[49,74555,3296],{"class":63},[49,74557,2659],{"class":80},[49,74559,84],{"class":63},[49,74561,97],{"class":80},[49,74563,84],{"class":63},[49,74565,2120],{"class":80},[49,74567,3309],{"class":63},[49,74569,74570],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74571,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,74573,74574,74576,74578,74580],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,74575,123],{"class":122},[49,74577,126],{"class":63},[49,74579,8013],{"class":112},[49,74581,335],{"class":63},[49,74583,74584,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,74585,123],{"class":122},[49,74587,126],{"class":63},[49,74589,1429],{"class":1428},[49,74591,126],{"class":63},[49,74593,8013],{"class":112},[49,74595,1436],{"class":63},[49,74597,74598],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,74599,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,74601,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,74603,534],{"class":55},[49,74605,60],{"class":59},[49,74607,8070],{"class":55},[49,74609,109],{"class":63},[49,74611,73082],{"class":112},[49,74613,116],{"class":63},[49,74615,74616,74618,74620,74622],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,74617,123],{"class":122},[49,74619,126],{"class":63},[49,74621,558],{"class":112},[49,74623,335],{"class":63},[49,74625,74626,74628,74630,74632],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,74627,123],{"class":122},[49,74629,126],{"class":63},[49,74631,8013],{"class":112},[49,74633,335],{"class":63},[49,74635,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,74637,123],{"class":122},[49,74639,126],{"class":63},[49,74641,8013],{"class":112},[49,74643,73627],{"class":63},[49,74645,1690],{"class":59},[49,74647,2659],{"class":80},[49,74649,3561],{"class":63},[20,74651,573],{},[40,74653,74655],{"className":42,"code":74654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74656,74657,74673,74687,74691,74707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74658,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74660,3573],{"class":63},[49,74662,2659],{"class":80},[49,74664,84],{"class":63},[49,74666,97],{"class":80},[49,74668,84],{"class":63},[49,74670,2120],{"class":80},[49,74672,3309],{"class":63},[49,74674,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,74676,2962],{"class":59},[49,74678,2965],{"class":1734},[49,74680,406],{"class":67},[49,74682,7767],{"class":71},[49,74684,397],{"class":67},[49,74686,2974],{"class":59},[49,74688,74689],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,74690,584],{"class":583},[49,74692,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,74694,3573],{"class":63},[49,74696,1731],{"class":80},[49,74698,84],{"class":63},[49,74700,97],{"class":80},[49,74702,84],{"class":63},[49,74704,81],{"class":80},[49,74706,3309],{"class":63},[49,74708,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,74710,3573],{"class":63},[49,74712,2659],{"class":80},[49,74714,84],{"class":63},[49,74716,97],{"class":80},[49,74718,84],{"class":63},[49,74720,2120],{"class":80},[49,74722,3309],{"class":63},[20,74724,74725],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[155,74727,74728,74737,74746],{},[158,74729,27282,74730,74733,74734],{},[15,74731,74732],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74735,74736],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[158,74738,695,74739,74742,74743,22044],{},[15,74740,74741],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[30,74744,74745],{},"current",[158,74747,74748,74749],{},"So it prints ",[15,74750,74751],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[35,74753,1498],{"id":1497},[591,74755,1502,74757,54971],{"id":74756},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74758,73031],{},[20,74760,62107,74761,109],{},[15,74762,169],{},[591,74764,33695,74766,33698,74768,1529],{"id":74765},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74767,73026],{},[15,74769,74770],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74772,74773,74775],{},[15,74774,73026],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74777,74778,74780],{},[15,74779,74770],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[591,74782,27815,74784,74786],{"id":74783},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74785,73026],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74788,45864,74789,74791],{},[15,74790,73026],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[591,74793,74795],{"id":74794},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74797,74798],{},"Use slicing:",[40,74800,74802],{"className":42,"code":74801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74803,74804],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74807,8013],{"class":55},[49,74809,73627],{"class":63},[49,74811,1690],{"class":59},[49,74813,2659],{"class":80},[49,74815,3309],{"class":63},[20,74817,74818],{},"Or use:",[40,74820,74822],{"className":42,"code":74821,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74823,74824],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74825,74826,74828,74830,74833,74835,74837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74827,7767],{"class":1428},[49,74829,126],{"class":63},[49,74831,74832],{"class":122},"reversed",[49,74834,126],{"class":63},[49,74836,8013],{"class":112},[49,74838,1436],{"class":63},[20,74840,74841,74842,74846],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[72,74843,55022,74844],{"href":54462},[15,74845,1585],{}," can also help.",[35,74848,1550],{"id":1549},[155,74850,74851,74857,74863,74867,74871],{},[158,74852,74853],{},[72,74854,55022,74855,1571],{"href":74280},[15,74856,63816],{},[158,74858,74859],{},[72,74860,3247,74861,3180],{"href":74026},[15,74862,73929],{},[158,74864,74865],{},[72,74866,74312],{"href":74311},[158,74868,74869],{},[72,74870,73727],{"href":73044},[158,74872,74873],{},[72,74874,55022,74875,1571],{"href":54462},[15,74876,1585],{},[1597,74878,74879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":74881},[74882,74883,74885,74886,74887,74889,74890,74897,74899,74900,74909],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":73105,"depth":103,"text":74884},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":73464,"depth":103,"text":74888},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73730,"depth":103,"text":73731},{"id":73924,"depth":103,"text":74891,"children":74892},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74893,74894,74895,74896],{"id":73082,"depth":119,"text":73026},{"id":74019,"depth":119,"text":73929},{"id":74141,"depth":119,"text":74142},{"id":74256,"depth":119,"text":74257},{"id":74287,"depth":103,"text":74898},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":74901},[74902,74904,74906,74908],{"id":74756,"depth":119,"text":74903},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74765,"depth":119,"text":74905},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74783,"depth":119,"text":74907},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74794,"depth":119,"text":74795},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73018,"description":74910},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74917,"title":74918,"body":74919,"description":77352,"extension":1632,"meta":77353,"navigation":312,"path":77354,"seo":77355,"stem":77356,"__hash__":77357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74920,"toc":77320},[74921,74924,74936,74939,74962,74970,74972,75084,75093,75097,75100,75103,75190,75192,75225,75227,75250,75256,75260,75263,75285,75287,75304,75307,75327,75329,75439,75441,75518,75522,75525,75568,75570,75703,75705,75807,75812,75816,75819,75821,75835,75838,75952,75954,76028,76030,76058,76062,76067,76097,76100,76226,76228,76310,76316,76320,76322,76361,76370,76374,76377,76381,76428,76430,76438,76442,76493,76495,76508,76510,76524,76527,76535,76537,76584,76586,76594,76597,76640,76645,76648,76651,76674,76678,76729,76732,76753,76763,76767,76769,76799,76802,76825,76829,76832,76899,76901,76938,76941,76949,77016,77018,77055,77061,77068,77072,77075,77105,77110,77114,77117,77141,77144,77238,77248,77250,77254,77257,77261,77264,77269,77272,77278,77281,77283,77311,77317],[10,74922,74918],{"id":74923},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74925,74926,74927,1858,74929,16553,74932,74935],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74928,35565],{},[15,74930,74931],{},"stop",[15,74933,74934],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74937,74938],{},"The basic slice form is:",[40,74940,74942],{"className":42,"code":74941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74943,74944],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74945,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74947,8013],{"class":55},[49,74949,3573],{"class":63},[49,74951,35565],{"class":55},[49,74953,77],{"class":63},[49,74955,74931],{"class":55},[49,74957,77],{"class":63},[49,74959,74934],{"class":55},[49,74961,3309],{"class":63},[20,74963,74964,74965,74967,74968,109],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74966,74931],{}," position is ",[30,74969,64574],{},[35,74971,38],{"id":37},[40,74973,74975],{"className":42,"code":74974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74976,74977,75005,75009,75030,75048,75065],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74978,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999,75001,75003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74980,3291],{"class":55},[49,74982,60],{"class":59},[49,74984,3296],{"class":63},[49,74986,1999],{"class":80},[49,74988,84],{"class":63},[49,74990,7462],{"class":80},[49,74992,84],{"class":63},[49,74994,7467],{"class":80},[49,74996,84],{"class":63},[49,74998,50344],{"class":80},[49,75000,84],{"class":63},[49,75002,4754],{"class":80},[49,75004,3309],{"class":63},[49,75006,75007],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,75008,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,75010,75011,75013,75015,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,75012,123],{"class":122},[49,75014,126],{"class":63},[49,75016,3323],{"class":112},[49,75018,3573],{"class":63},[49,75020,2659],{"class":80},[49,75022,77],{"class":63},[49,75024,2174],{"class":80},[49,75026,19929],{"class":63},[49,75028,75029],{"class":134},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[49,75031,75032,75034,75036,75038,75041,75043,75045],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,75033,123],{"class":122},[49,75035,126],{"class":63},[49,75037,3323],{"class":112},[49,75039,75040],{"class":63},"[:",[49,75042,1731],{"class":80},[49,75044,19929],{"class":63},[49,75046,75047],{"class":134},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[49,75049,75050,75052,75054,75056,75058,75060,75062],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,75051,123],{"class":122},[49,75053,126],{"class":63},[49,75055,3323],{"class":112},[49,75057,73627],{"class":63},[49,75059,1725],{"class":80},[49,75061,19929],{"class":63},[49,75063,75064],{"class":134},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[49,75066,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,75068,123],{"class":122},[49,75070,126],{"class":63},[49,75072,3323],{"class":112},[49,75074,73627],{"class":63},[49,75076,1690],{"class":59},[49,75078,2659],{"class":80},[49,75080,19929],{"class":63},[49,75082,75083],{"class":134},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75085,1762,75086,75089,75090,75092],{},[15,75087,75088],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75091,74931],{}," value is not included.",[35,75094,75096],{"id":75095},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75098,75099],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75101,75102],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[40,75104,75106],{"className":42,"code":75105,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75107,75108,75156,75160,75179],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75109,75110,75112,75114,75116,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75111,35583],{"class":55},[49,75113,60],{"class":59},[49,75115,3296],{"class":63},[49,75117,68],{"class":67},[49,75119,72],{"class":71},[49,75121,68],{"class":67},[49,75123,84],{"class":63},[49,75125,87],{"class":67},[49,75127,90],{"class":71},[49,75129,68],{"class":67},[49,75131,84],{"class":63},[49,75133,87],{"class":67},[49,75135,9406],{"class":71},[49,75137,68],{"class":67},[49,75139,84],{"class":63},[49,75141,87],{"class":67},[49,75143,18250],{"class":71},[49,75145,68],{"class":67},[49,75147,84],{"class":63},[49,75149,87],{"class":67},[49,75151,59951],{"class":71},[49,75153,68],{"class":67},[49,75155,3309],{"class":63},[49,75157,75158],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,75159,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,75161,75162,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,75163,75164],{"class":55},"part ",[49,75166,60],{"class":59},[49,75168,69601],{"class":55},[49,75170,3573],{"class":63},[49,75172,2659],{"class":80},[49,75174,77],{"class":63},[49,75176,2174],{"class":80},[49,75178,3309],{"class":63},[49,75180,75181,75183,75185,75188],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,75182,123],{"class":122},[49,75184,126],{"class":63},[49,75186,75187],{"class":112},"part",[49,75189,335],{"class":63},[20,75191,573],{},[40,75193,75195],{"className":42,"code":75194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75196,75197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75198,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75200,3573],{"class":63},[49,75202,397],{"class":67},[49,75204,90],{"class":71},[49,75206,397],{"class":67},[49,75208,84],{"class":63},[49,75210,406],{"class":67},[49,75212,9406],{"class":71},[49,75214,397],{"class":67},[49,75216,84],{"class":63},[49,75218,406],{"class":67},[49,75220,18250],{"class":71},[49,75222,397],{"class":67},[49,75224,3309],{"class":63},[20,75226,12529],{},[155,75228,75229,75232,75235,75241,75247],{},[158,75230,75231],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[158,75233,75234],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[158,75236,75237,75238],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75239,75240],{},"list[start:stop]",[158,75242,75243,75244,75246],{},"The item at ",[15,75245,74931],{}," is not included",[158,75248,75249],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75251,75252,75253,109],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[72,75254,75255],{"href":50480},"beginner guide to Python lists",[35,75257,75259],{"id":75258},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75261,75262],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[40,75264,75265],{"className":42,"code":74941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,75266,75267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75268,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75270,8013],{"class":55},[49,75272,3573],{"class":63},[49,75274,35565],{"class":55},[49,75276,77],{"class":63},[49,75278,74931],{"class":55},[49,75280,77],{"class":63},[49,75282,74934],{"class":55},[49,75284,3309],{"class":63},[20,75286,64550],{},[155,75288,75289,75294,75299],{},[158,75290,75291,75293],{},[15,75292,35565],{}," is where slicing begins",[158,75295,75296,75298],{},[15,75297,74931],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[158,75300,75301,75303],{},[15,75302,74934],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75305,75306],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[155,75308,75309,75315,75320],{},[158,75310,75311,75312,75314],{},"Missing ",[15,75313,35565],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[158,75316,75311,75317,75319],{},[15,75318,74931],{}," means go to the end of the list",[158,75321,75311,75322,75324,75325],{},[15,75323,74934],{}," means use ",[15,75326,2659],{},[20,75328,1244],{},[40,75330,75332],{"className":42,"code":75331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75333,75334,75362,75366,75387,75404,75422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75335,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75337,3291],{"class":55},[49,75339,60],{"class":59},[49,75341,3296],{"class":63},[49,75343,1999],{"class":80},[49,75345,84],{"class":63},[49,75347,7462],{"class":80},[49,75349,84],{"class":63},[49,75351,7467],{"class":80},[49,75353,84],{"class":63},[49,75355,50344],{"class":80},[49,75357,84],{"class":63},[49,75359,4754],{"class":80},[49,75361,3309],{"class":63},[49,75363,75364],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,75365,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,75367,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382,75384],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,75369,123],{"class":122},[49,75371,126],{"class":63},[49,75373,3323],{"class":112},[49,75375,3573],{"class":63},[49,75377,2659],{"class":80},[49,75379,77],{"class":63},[49,75381,2174],{"class":80},[49,75383,19929],{"class":63},[49,75385,75386],{"class":134},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[49,75388,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,75390,123],{"class":122},[49,75392,126],{"class":63},[49,75394,3323],{"class":112},[49,75396,75040],{"class":63},[49,75398,1731],{"class":80},[49,75400,19929],{"class":63},[49,75402,75403],{"class":134},"    # start from the beginning\n",[49,75405,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75419],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,75407,123],{"class":122},[49,75409,126],{"class":63},[49,75411,3323],{"class":112},[49,75413,3573],{"class":63},[49,75415,1725],{"class":80},[49,75417,75418],{"class":63},":])",[49,75420,75421],{"class":134},"    # go to the end\n",[49,75423,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,75425,123],{"class":122},[49,75427,126],{"class":63},[49,75429,3323],{"class":112},[49,75431,73627],{"class":63},[49,75433,2659],{"class":80},[49,75435,19929],{"class":63},[49,75437,75438],{"class":134},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75440,573],{},[40,75442,75444],{"className":42,"code":75443,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75445,75446,75462,75478,75494],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75447,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75449,3573],{"class":63},[49,75451,15234],{"class":80},[49,75453,84],{"class":63},[49,75455,7467],{"class":80},[49,75457,84],{"class":63},[49,75459,50344],{"class":80},[49,75461,3309],{"class":63},[49,75463,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,75465,3573],{"class":63},[49,75467,1999],{"class":80},[49,75469,84],{"class":63},[49,75471,7462],{"class":80},[49,75473,84],{"class":63},[49,75475,7467],{"class":80},[49,75477,3309],{"class":63},[49,75479,75480,75482,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,75481,3573],{"class":63},[49,75483,36335],{"class":80},[49,75485,84],{"class":63},[49,75487,50344],{"class":80},[49,75489,84],{"class":63},[49,75491,4754],{"class":80},[49,75493,3309],{"class":63},[49,75495,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,75497,3573],{"class":63},[49,75499,1999],{"class":80},[49,75501,84],{"class":63},[49,75503,7462],{"class":80},[49,75505,84],{"class":63},[49,75507,7467],{"class":80},[49,75509,84],{"class":63},[49,75511,50344],{"class":80},[49,75513,84],{"class":63},[49,75515,4754],{"class":80},[49,75517,3309],{"class":63},[35,75519,75521],{"id":75520},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75523,75524],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[155,75526,75527,75536,75545,75556,75562],{},[158,75528,75529,75532,75533,5638],{},[15,75530,75531],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75534,75535],{},"n",[158,75537,75538,75541,75542,75544],{},[15,75539,75540],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75543,75535],{}," to the end",[158,75546,75547,75550,75551,75553,75554],{},[15,75548,75549],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75552,72],{}," up to ",[15,75555,90],{},[158,75557,75558,75561],{},[15,75559,75560],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[158,75563,75564,75567],{},[15,75565,75566],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75569,1244],{},[40,75571,75573],{"className":42,"code":75572,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75574,75575,75608,75612,75629,75646,75667,75684],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75576,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75606],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75578,3291],{"class":55},[49,75580,60],{"class":59},[49,75582,3296],{"class":63},[49,75584,1999],{"class":80},[49,75586,84],{"class":63},[49,75588,7462],{"class":80},[49,75590,84],{"class":63},[49,75592,7467],{"class":80},[49,75594,84],{"class":63},[49,75596,50344],{"class":80},[49,75598,84],{"class":63},[49,75600,4754],{"class":80},[49,75602,84],{"class":63},[49,75604,75605],{"class":80}," 60",[49,75607,3309],{"class":63},[49,75609,75610],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,75611,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,75613,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,75615,123],{"class":122},[49,75617,126],{"class":63},[49,75619,3323],{"class":112},[49,75621,75040],{"class":63},[49,75623,1731],{"class":80},[49,75625,19929],{"class":63},[49,75627,75628],{"class":134},"    # first 3 items\n",[49,75630,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,75632,123],{"class":122},[49,75634,126],{"class":63},[49,75636,3323],{"class":112},[49,75638,3573],{"class":63},[49,75640,1731],{"class":80},[49,75642,75418],{"class":63},[49,75644,75645],{"class":134},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[49,75647,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662,75664],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,75649,123],{"class":122},[49,75651,126],{"class":63},[49,75653,3323],{"class":112},[49,75655,3573],{"class":63},[49,75657,2659],{"class":80},[49,75659,77],{"class":63},[49,75661,1807],{"class":80},[49,75663,19929],{"class":63},[49,75665,75666],{"class":134},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[49,75668,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,75670,123],{"class":122},[49,75672,126],{"class":63},[49,75674,3323],{"class":112},[49,75676,73627],{"class":63},[49,75678,1725],{"class":80},[49,75680,19929],{"class":63},[49,75682,75683],{"class":134},"   # every second item\n",[49,75685,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,75687,123],{"class":122},[49,75689,126],{"class":63},[49,75691,3323],{"class":112},[49,75693,73627],{"class":63},[49,75695,1690],{"class":59},[49,75697,2659],{"class":80},[49,75699,19929],{"class":63},[49,75701,75702],{"class":134},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75704,573],{},[40,75706,75708],{"className":42,"code":75707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75709,75710,75726,75742,75762,75778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75711,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75713,3573],{"class":63},[49,75715,1999],{"class":80},[49,75717,84],{"class":63},[49,75719,7462],{"class":80},[49,75721,84],{"class":63},[49,75723,7467],{"class":80},[49,75725,3309],{"class":63},[49,75727,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,75729,3573],{"class":63},[49,75731,56195],{"class":80},[49,75733,84],{"class":63},[49,75735,4754],{"class":80},[49,75737,84],{"class":63},[49,75739,75605],{"class":80},[49,75741,3309],{"class":63},[49,75743,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,75745,3573],{"class":63},[49,75747,15234],{"class":80},[49,75749,84],{"class":63},[49,75751,7467],{"class":80},[49,75753,84],{"class":63},[49,75755,50344],{"class":80},[49,75757,84],{"class":63},[49,75759,4754],{"class":80},[49,75761,3309],{"class":63},[49,75763,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,75765,3573],{"class":63},[49,75767,1999],{"class":80},[49,75769,84],{"class":63},[49,75771,7467],{"class":80},[49,75773,84],{"class":63},[49,75775,4754],{"class":80},[49,75777,3309],{"class":63},[49,75779,75780,75782,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,75781,3573],{"class":63},[49,75783,75784],{"class":80},"60",[49,75786,84],{"class":63},[49,75788,4754],{"class":80},[49,75790,84],{"class":63},[49,75792,50344],{"class":80},[49,75794,84],{"class":63},[49,75796,7467],{"class":80},[49,75798,84],{"class":63},[49,75800,7462],{"class":80},[49,75802,84],{"class":63},[49,75804,5677],{"class":80},[49,75806,3309],{"class":63},[20,75808,75809,75810,109],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[72,75811,14367],{"href":56722},[35,75813,75815],{"id":75814},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75817,75818],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75820,5145],{},[155,75822,75823,75829],{},[158,75824,75825,75828],{},[15,75826,75827],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[158,75830,75831,75834],{},[15,75832,75833],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75836,75837],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[40,75839,75841],{"className":42,"code":75840,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75842,75843,75891,75895,75914,75933],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75844,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75846,35583],{"class":55},[49,75848,60],{"class":59},[49,75850,3296],{"class":63},[49,75852,68],{"class":67},[49,75854,72],{"class":71},[49,75856,68],{"class":67},[49,75858,84],{"class":63},[49,75860,87],{"class":67},[49,75862,90],{"class":71},[49,75864,68],{"class":67},[49,75866,84],{"class":63},[49,75868,87],{"class":67},[49,75870,9406],{"class":71},[49,75872,68],{"class":67},[49,75874,84],{"class":63},[49,75876,87],{"class":67},[49,75878,18250],{"class":71},[49,75880,68],{"class":67},[49,75882,84],{"class":63},[49,75884,87],{"class":67},[49,75886,59951],{"class":71},[49,75888,68],{"class":67},[49,75890,3309],{"class":63},[49,75892,75893],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,75894,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,75896,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,75898,123],{"class":122},[49,75900,126],{"class":63},[49,75902,35636],{"class":112},[49,75904,3573],{"class":63},[49,75906,1690],{"class":59},[49,75908,2659],{"class":80},[49,75910,19929],{"class":63},[49,75912,75913],{"class":134},"    # last item\n",[49,75915,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,75917,123],{"class":122},[49,75919,126],{"class":63},[49,75921,35636],{"class":112},[49,75923,3573],{"class":63},[49,75925,1690],{"class":59},[49,75927,1731],{"class":80},[49,75929,75418],{"class":63},[49,75931,75932],{"class":134},"   # last 3 items\n",[49,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,75936,123],{"class":122},[49,75938,126],{"class":63},[49,75940,35636],{"class":112},[49,75942,75040],{"class":63},[49,75944,1690],{"class":59},[49,75946,2659],{"class":80},[49,75948,19929],{"class":63},[49,75950,75951],{"class":134},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75953,573],{},[40,75955,75957],{"className":42,"code":75956,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75958,75959,75964,75992],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75960,75961],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75962,75963],{"class":55},"e\n",[49,75965,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,75967,3573],{"class":63},[49,75969,397],{"class":67},[49,75971,9406],{"class":71},[49,75973,397],{"class":67},[49,75975,84],{"class":63},[49,75977,406],{"class":67},[49,75979,18250],{"class":71},[49,75981,397],{"class":67},[49,75983,84],{"class":63},[49,75985,406],{"class":67},[49,75987,59951],{"class":71},[49,75989,397],{"class":67},[49,75991,3309],{"class":63},[49,75993,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,75995,3573],{"class":63},[49,75997,397],{"class":67},[49,75999,72],{"class":71},[49,76001,397],{"class":67},[49,76003,84],{"class":63},[49,76005,406],{"class":67},[49,76007,90],{"class":71},[49,76009,397],{"class":67},[49,76011,84],{"class":63},[49,76013,406],{"class":67},[49,76015,9406],{"class":71},[49,76017,397],{"class":67},[49,76019,84],{"class":63},[49,76021,406],{"class":67},[49,76023,18250],{"class":71},[49,76025,397],{"class":67},[49,76027,3309],{"class":63},[20,76029,12529],{},[155,76031,76032,76035,76039,76045,76051],{},[158,76033,76034],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[158,76036,76037,75828],{},[15,76038,75827],{},[158,76040,76041,76044],{},[15,76042,76043],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[158,76046,76047,76050],{},[15,76048,76049],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[158,76052,76053,76054,1017,76056],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76055,35565],{},[15,76057,74931],{},[35,76059,76061],{"id":76060},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76063,150,76064,76066],{},[15,76065,74934],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[155,76068,76069,76072,76075,76080,76090],{},[158,76070,76071],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[158,76073,76074],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[158,76076,76077,76079],{},[15,76078,75566],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[158,76081,8550,76082,76084,76085,76087,76088],{},[15,76083,74934],{}," is negative, ",[15,76086,35565],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76089,74931],{},[158,76091,76092,76094,76095],{},[15,76093,74934],{}," cannot be ",[15,76096,1790],{},[20,76098,76099],{},"Example with different step values:",[40,76101,76103],{"className":42,"code":76102,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76104,76105,76137,76141,76158,76180,76199],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76106,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76108,3291],{"class":55},[49,76110,60],{"class":59},[49,76112,3296],{"class":63},[49,76114,1999],{"class":80},[49,76116,84],{"class":63},[49,76118,7462],{"class":80},[49,76120,84],{"class":63},[49,76122,7467],{"class":80},[49,76124,84],{"class":63},[49,76126,50344],{"class":80},[49,76128,84],{"class":63},[49,76130,4754],{"class":80},[49,76132,84],{"class":63},[49,76134,75605],{"class":80},[49,76136,3309],{"class":63},[49,76138,76139],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76140,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,76142,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,76144,123],{"class":122},[49,76146,126],{"class":63},[49,76148,3323],{"class":112},[49,76150,73627],{"class":63},[49,76152,1725],{"class":80},[49,76154,19929],{"class":63},[49,76156,76157],{"class":134},"     # every second item\n",[49,76159,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76173,76175,76177],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,76161,123],{"class":122},[49,76163,126],{"class":63},[49,76165,3323],{"class":112},[49,76167,3573],{"class":63},[49,76169,2659],{"class":80},[49,76171,76172],{"class":63},"::",[49,76174,1725],{"class":80},[49,76176,19929],{"class":63},[49,76178,76179],{"class":134},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[49,76181,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,76183,123],{"class":122},[49,76185,126],{"class":63},[49,76187,3323],{"class":112},[49,76189,73627],{"class":63},[49,76191,1690],{"class":59},[49,76193,2659],{"class":80},[49,76195,19929],{"class":63},[49,76197,76198],{"class":134},"    # reverse the list\n",[49,76200,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,76202,123],{"class":122},[49,76204,126],{"class":63},[49,76206,3323],{"class":112},[49,76208,3573],{"class":63},[49,76210,2174],{"class":80},[49,76212,77],{"class":63},[49,76214,2659],{"class":80},[49,76216,77],{"class":63},[49,76218,1690],{"class":59},[49,76220,2659],{"class":80},[49,76222,19929],{"class":63},[49,76224,76225],{"class":134},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76227,573],{},[40,76229,76231],{"className":42,"code":76230,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76232,76233,76249,76265,76293],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76234,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76236,3573],{"class":63},[49,76238,1999],{"class":80},[49,76240,84],{"class":63},[49,76242,7467],{"class":80},[49,76244,84],{"class":63},[49,76246,4754],{"class":80},[49,76248,3309],{"class":63},[49,76250,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76252,3573],{"class":63},[49,76254,15234],{"class":80},[49,76256,84],{"class":63},[49,76258,50344],{"class":80},[49,76260,84],{"class":63},[49,76262,75605],{"class":80},[49,76264,3309],{"class":63},[49,76266,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,76268,3573],{"class":63},[49,76270,75784],{"class":80},[49,76272,84],{"class":63},[49,76274,4754],{"class":80},[49,76276,84],{"class":63},[49,76278,50344],{"class":80},[49,76280,84],{"class":63},[49,76282,7467],{"class":80},[49,76284,84],{"class":63},[49,76286,7462],{"class":80},[49,76288,84],{"class":63},[49,76290,5677],{"class":80},[49,76292,3309],{"class":63},[49,76294,76295,76297,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,76296,3573],{"class":63},[49,76298,76299],{"class":80},"50",[49,76301,84],{"class":63},[49,76303,50344],{"class":80},[49,76305,84],{"class":63},[49,76307,7467],{"class":80},[49,76309,3309],{"class":63},[20,76311,76312,76313,109],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[72,76314,76315],{"href":74311},"how to reverse a list in Python",[591,76317,76319],{"id":76318},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76321,2506],{},[40,76323,76325],{"className":42,"code":76324,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76326,76327,76347],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76328,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76330,3291],{"class":55},[49,76332,60],{"class":59},[49,76334,3296],{"class":63},[49,76336,2659],{"class":80},[49,76338,84],{"class":63},[49,76340,97],{"class":80},[49,76342,84],{"class":63},[49,76344,2120],{"class":80},[49,76346,3309],{"class":63},[49,76348,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76350,123],{"class":122},[49,76352,126],{"class":63},[49,76354,3323],{"class":112},[49,76356,73627],{"class":63},[49,76358,1790],{"class":80},[49,76360,3561],{"class":63},[20,76362,76363,76364,76366,76367,76369],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76365,40200],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76368,1790],{}," does not make sense.",[35,76371,76373],{"id":76372},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76375,76376],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[591,76378,76380],{"id":76379},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[40,76382,76384],{"className":42,"code":76383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76385,76386,76410,76414],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76387,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76389,3291],{"class":55},[49,76391,60],{"class":59},[49,76393,3296],{"class":63},[49,76395,1999],{"class":80},[49,76397,84],{"class":63},[49,76399,7462],{"class":80},[49,76401,84],{"class":63},[49,76403,7467],{"class":80},[49,76405,84],{"class":63},[49,76407,50344],{"class":80},[49,76409,3309],{"class":63},[49,76411,76412],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76413,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,76415,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,76417,123],{"class":122},[49,76419,126],{"class":63},[49,76421,3323],{"class":112},[49,76423,3573],{"class":63},[49,76425,1725],{"class":80},[49,76427,3561],{"class":63},[20,76429,573],{},[40,76431,76432],{"className":42,"code":69345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,76433,76434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76435,76436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76437,69345],{"class":80},[591,76439,76441],{"id":76440},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[40,76443,76445],{"className":42,"code":76444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76446,76447,76471,76475],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76448,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76450,3291],{"class":55},[49,76452,60],{"class":59},[49,76454,3296],{"class":63},[49,76456,1999],{"class":80},[49,76458,84],{"class":63},[49,76460,7462],{"class":80},[49,76462,84],{"class":63},[49,76464,7467],{"class":80},[49,76466,84],{"class":63},[49,76468,50344],{"class":80},[49,76470,3309],{"class":63},[49,76472,76473],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76474,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,76476,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,76478,123],{"class":122},[49,76480,126],{"class":63},[49,76482,3323],{"class":112},[49,76484,3573],{"class":63},[49,76486,1725],{"class":80},[49,76488,77],{"class":63},[49,76490,1731],{"class":80},[49,76492,3561],{"class":63},[20,76494,573],{},[40,76496,76498],{"className":42,"code":76497,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[30]\n",[15,76499,76500],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76501,76502,76504,76506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76503,3573],{"class":63},[49,76505,36335],{"class":80},[49,76507,3309],{"class":63},[20,76509,13241],{},[155,76511,76512,76518],{},[158,76513,76514,76517],{},[15,76515,76516],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[158,76519,76520,76523],{},[15,76521,76522],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76525,76526],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[155,76528,76529,76532],{},[158,76530,76531],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[158,76533,76534],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76536,1244],{},[40,76538,76540],{"className":42,"code":76539,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76541,76542,76562,76566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76543,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76545,3291],{"class":55},[49,76547,60],{"class":59},[49,76549,3296],{"class":63},[49,76551,1999],{"class":80},[49,76553,84],{"class":63},[49,76555,7462],{"class":80},[49,76557,84],{"class":63},[49,76559,7467],{"class":80},[49,76561,3309],{"class":63},[49,76563,76564],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76565,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,76567,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,76569,123],{"class":122},[49,76571,126],{"class":63},[49,76573,3323],{"class":112},[49,76575,3573],{"class":63},[49,76577,1807],{"class":80},[49,76579,77],{"class":63},[49,76581,1999],{"class":80},[49,76583,3561],{"class":63},[20,76585,573],{},[40,76587,76588],{"className":42,"code":37792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,76589,76590],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76591,76592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76593,37792],{"class":63},[20,76595,76596],{},"But this would raise an error:",[40,76598,76600],{"className":42,"code":76599,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76601,76602,76622,76626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76603,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76605,3291],{"class":55},[49,76607,60],{"class":59},[49,76609,3296],{"class":63},[49,76611,1999],{"class":80},[49,76613,84],{"class":63},[49,76615,7462],{"class":80},[49,76617,84],{"class":63},[49,76619,7467],{"class":80},[49,76621,3309],{"class":63},[49,76623,76624],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76625,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,76627,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,76629,123],{"class":122},[49,76631,126],{"class":63},[49,76633,3323],{"class":112},[49,76635,3573],{"class":63},[49,76637,1807],{"class":80},[49,76639,3561],{"class":63},[20,76641,76642,76643,109],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[72,76644,68764],{"href":68763},[35,76646,14656],{"id":76647},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76649,76650],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[155,76652,76653,76657,76659,76662,76668],{},[158,76654,4378,76655,75246],{},[15,76656,74931],{},[158,76658,60196],{},[158,76660,76661],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[158,76663,36698,76664,8379,76666],{},[15,76665,75566],{},[15,76667,73031],{},[158,76669,76670,76671,76673],{},"Using step ",[15,76672,1790],{},", which causes an error",[591,76675,76677],{"id":76676},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[40,76679,76681],{"className":42,"code":76680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76682,76683,76711],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76684,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76686,3291],{"class":55},[49,76688,60],{"class":59},[49,76690,3296],{"class":63},[49,76692,1999],{"class":80},[49,76694,84],{"class":63},[49,76696,7462],{"class":80},[49,76698,84],{"class":63},[49,76700,7467],{"class":80},[49,76702,84],{"class":63},[49,76704,50344],{"class":80},[49,76706,84],{"class":63},[49,76708,4754],{"class":80},[49,76710,3309],{"class":63},[49,76712,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76714,123],{"class":122},[49,76716,126],{"class":63},[49,76718,3323],{"class":112},[49,76720,3573],{"class":63},[49,76722,2659],{"class":80},[49,76724,77],{"class":63},[49,76726,2174],{"class":80},[49,76728,3561],{"class":63},[20,76730,76731],{},"This returns:",[40,76733,76735],{"className":42,"code":76734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76736,76737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76738,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76740,3573],{"class":63},[49,76742,15234],{"class":80},[49,76744,84],{"class":63},[49,76746,7467],{"class":80},[49,76748,84],{"class":63},[49,76750,50344],{"class":80},[49,76752,3309],{"class":63},[20,76754,40402,76755,76757,76758,76760,76761,109],{},[30,76756,600],{}," include ",[15,76759,76299],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76762,2174],{},[591,76764,76766],{"id":76765},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76768,16124],{},[40,76770,76772],{"className":42,"code":76771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76773,76774,76794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76775,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76777,3291],{"class":55},[49,76779,60],{"class":59},[49,76781,3296],{"class":63},[49,76783,1999],{"class":80},[49,76785,84],{"class":63},[49,76787,7462],{"class":80},[49,76789,84],{"class":63},[49,76791,7467],{"class":80},[49,76793,3309],{"class":63},[49,76795,76796],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76797,76798],{"class":134},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76800,76801],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[40,76803,76805],{"className":42,"code":76804,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76806,76807],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76808,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76810,123],{"class":122},[49,76812,126],{"class":63},[49,76814,3323],{"class":112},[49,76816,3573],{"class":63},[49,76818,2659],{"class":80},[49,76820,77],{"class":63},[49,76822,1731],{"class":80},[49,76824,3561],{"class":63},[591,76826,76828],{"id":76827},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76830,76831],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[40,76833,76835],{"className":42,"code":76834,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76836,76837,76861,76875,76879,76889],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76838,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76840,3291],{"class":55},[49,76842,60],{"class":59},[49,76844,3296],{"class":63},[49,76846,1999],{"class":80},[49,76848,84],{"class":63},[49,76850,7462],{"class":80},[49,76852,84],{"class":63},[49,76854,7467],{"class":80},[49,76856,84],{"class":63},[49,76858,50344],{"class":80},[49,76860,3309],{"class":63},[49,76862,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76864,75164],{"class":55},[49,76866,60],{"class":59},[49,76868,3936],{"class":55},[49,76870,75040],{"class":63},[49,76872,1725],{"class":80},[49,76874,3309],{"class":63},[49,76876,76877],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,76878,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,76880,76881,76883,76885,76887],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,76882,123],{"class":122},[49,76884,126],{"class":63},[49,76886,75187],{"class":112},[49,76888,335],{"class":63},[49,76890,76891,76893,76895,76897],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,76892,123],{"class":122},[49,76894,126],{"class":63},[49,76896,3323],{"class":112},[49,76898,335],{"class":63},[20,76900,573],{},[40,76902,76904],{"className":42,"code":76903,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76905,76906,76918],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76907,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76909,3573],{"class":63},[49,76911,1999],{"class":80},[49,76913,84],{"class":63},[49,76915,7462],{"class":80},[49,76917,3309],{"class":63},[49,76919,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76921,3573],{"class":63},[49,76923,1999],{"class":80},[49,76925,84],{"class":63},[49,76927,7462],{"class":80},[49,76929,84],{"class":63},[49,76931,7467],{"class":80},[49,76933,84],{"class":63},[49,76935,50344],{"class":80},[49,76937,3309],{"class":63},[20,76939,76940],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[591,76942,76944,76945,8379,76947],{"id":76943},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76946,75566],{},[15,76948,73031],{},[40,76950,76952],{"className":42,"code":76951,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76953,76954,76974,76978,76995,77006],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76955,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76957,3291],{"class":55},[49,76959,60],{"class":59},[49,76961,3296],{"class":63},[49,76963,1999],{"class":80},[49,76965,84],{"class":63},[49,76967,7462],{"class":80},[49,76969,84],{"class":63},[49,76971,7467],{"class":80},[49,76973,3309],{"class":63},[49,76975,76976],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,76977,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,76979,76980,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,76981,76982],{"class":55},"reversed_copy ",[49,76984,60],{"class":59},[49,76986,3936],{"class":55},[49,76988,73627],{"class":63},[49,76990,1690],{"class":59},[49,76992,2659],{"class":80},[49,76994,3309],{"class":63},[49,76996,76997,76999,77001,77004],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,76998,123],{"class":122},[49,77000,126],{"class":63},[49,77002,77003],{"class":112},"reversed_copy",[49,77005,335],{"class":63},[49,77007,77008,77010,77012,77014],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,77009,123],{"class":122},[49,77011,126],{"class":63},[49,77013,3323],{"class":112},[49,77015,335],{"class":63},[20,77017,573],{},[40,77019,77021],{"className":42,"code":77020,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77022,77023,77039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77024,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77026,3573],{"class":63},[49,77028,36335],{"class":80},[49,77030,84],{"class":63},[49,77032,7462],{"class":80},[49,77034,84],{"class":63},[49,77036,5677],{"class":80},[49,77038,3309],{"class":63},[49,77040,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77042,3573],{"class":63},[49,77044,1999],{"class":80},[49,77046,84],{"class":63},[49,77048,7462],{"class":80},[49,77050,84],{"class":63},[49,77052,7467],{"class":80},[49,77054,3309],{"class":63},[20,77056,77057,77060],{},[15,77058,77059],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77062,77063,77064,77067],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77065,77066],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[591,77069,77071],{"id":77070},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77073,77074],{},"This is not allowed:",[40,77076,77078],{"className":42,"code":77077,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77079,77080,77100],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77081,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77083,3291],{"class":55},[49,77085,60],{"class":59},[49,77087,3296],{"class":63},[49,77089,1999],{"class":80},[49,77091,84],{"class":63},[49,77093,7462],{"class":80},[49,77095,84],{"class":63},[49,77097,7467],{"class":80},[49,77099,3309],{"class":63},[49,77101,77102],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77103,77104],{"class":134},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77106,77107,77108,109],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77109,40200],{},[35,77111,77113],{"id":77112},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77115,77116],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[155,77118,77119,77126,77132,77135,77138],{},[158,77120,36698,77121,1017,77123,77125],{},[15,77122,35565],{},[15,77124,74931],{}," positions",[158,77127,77128,77129,77131],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77130,74931],{}," index is included",[158,77133,77134],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[158,77136,77137],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[158,77139,77140],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77142,77143],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[40,77145,77147],{"className":42,"code":77146,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77148,77149,77159,77173,77191,77205,77222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77150,77151,77153,77155,77157],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77152,123],{"class":122},[49,77154,126],{"class":63},[49,77156,8013],{"class":112},[49,77158,335],{"class":63},[49,77160,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77162,123],{"class":122},[49,77164,126],{"class":63},[49,77166,10824],{"class":122},[49,77168,126],{"class":63},[49,77170,8013],{"class":112},[49,77172,1436],{"class":63},[49,77174,77175,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,77176,123],{"class":122},[49,77178,126],{"class":63},[49,77180,8013],{"class":112},[49,77182,3573],{"class":63},[49,77184,2659],{"class":80},[49,77186,77],{"class":63},[49,77188,2174],{"class":80},[49,77190,3561],{"class":63},[49,77192,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,77194,123],{"class":122},[49,77196,126],{"class":63},[49,77198,8013],{"class":112},[49,77200,75040],{"class":63},[49,77202,1731],{"class":80},[49,77204,3561],{"class":63},[49,77206,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,77208,123],{"class":122},[49,77210,126],{"class":63},[49,77212,8013],{"class":112},[49,77214,3573],{"class":63},[49,77216,1690],{"class":59},[49,77218,1731],{"class":80},[49,77220,77221],{"class":63},":])\n",[49,77223,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,77225,123],{"class":122},[49,77227,126],{"class":63},[49,77229,8013],{"class":112},[49,77231,73627],{"class":63},[49,77233,1690],{"class":59},[49,77235,2659],{"class":80},[49,77237,3561],{"class":63},[20,77239,8092,77240,77242,77243,77247],{},[15,77241,41858],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[72,77244,77246],{"href":77245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[35,77249,1498],{"id":1497},[591,77251,77253],{"id":77252},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77255,77256],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[591,77258,77260],{"id":77259},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77262,77263],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[591,77265,1512,77267,39456],{"id":77266},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77268,75566],{},[20,77270,77271],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[591,77273,77275,77276,1529],{"id":77274},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77277,70236],{},[20,77279,77280],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[35,77282,1550],{"id":1549},[155,77284,77285,77290,77295,77299,77303,77307],{},[158,77286,77287],{},[72,77288,77289],{"href":50480},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[158,77291,77292],{},[72,77293,77294],{"href":56656},"How to create a list in Python",[158,77296,77297],{},[72,77298,14444],{"href":56722},[158,77300,77301],{},[72,77302,74312],{"href":74311},[158,77304,77305],{},[72,77306,77246],{"href":77245},[158,77308,77309],{},[72,77310,68764],{"href":68763},[20,77312,77313,77314,77316],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77315,41858],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1597,77318,77319],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":77321},[77322,77323,77324,77325,77326,77327,77330,77334,77342,77343,77351],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":75095,"depth":103,"text":75096},{"id":75258,"depth":103,"text":75259},{"id":75520,"depth":103,"text":75521},{"id":75814,"depth":103,"text":75815},{"id":76060,"depth":103,"text":76061,"children":77328},[77329],{"id":76318,"depth":119,"text":76319},{"id":76372,"depth":103,"text":76373,"children":77331},[77332,77333],{"id":76379,"depth":119,"text":76380},{"id":76440,"depth":119,"text":76441},{"id":76647,"depth":103,"text":14656,"children":77335},[77336,77337,77338,77339,77341],{"id":76676,"depth":119,"text":76677},{"id":76765,"depth":119,"text":76766},{"id":76827,"depth":119,"text":76828},{"id":76943,"depth":119,"text":77340},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77070,"depth":119,"text":77071},{"id":77112,"depth":103,"text":77113},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":77344},[77345,77346,77347,77349],{"id":77252,"depth":119,"text":77253},{"id":77259,"depth":119,"text":77260},{"id":77266,"depth":119,"text":77348},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77274,"depth":119,"text":77350},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74918,"description":77352},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77359,"title":77360,"body":77361,"description":79430,"extension":1632,"meta":79431,"navigation":312,"path":79432,"seo":79433,"stem":79434,"__hash__":79435},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77362,"toc":79396},[77363,77368,77374,77380,77382,77429,77436,77441,77445,77460,77463,77516,77518,77543,77548,77550,77582,77585,77601,77603,77664,77666,77691,77695,77700,77753,77755,77780,77785,77846,77848,77873,77876,77883,77887,77890,77951,77953,77986,77989,78050,78052,78085,78091,78164,78166,78198,78205,78210,78215,78217,78229,78232,78310,78312,78353,78356,78430,78432,78465,78470,78477,78484,78488,78497,78501,78509,78511,78578,78580,78616,78621,78632,78634,78639,78644,78646,78709,78711,78736,78743,78748,78752,78755,78795,78800,78806,78811,78813,78840,78845,78848,78895,78897,78954,78961,78966,78972,79041,79045,79048,79111,79113,79146,79151,79153,79156,79237,79239,79263,79269,79271,79276,79280,79287,79295,79299,79301,79324,79328,79330,79357,79360,79367,79370,79372,79393],[10,77364,53844,77366,18],{"id":77365},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77367,63816],{},[20,77369,77370,77373],{},[15,77371,77372],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77375,77376,77377,77379],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77378,63816],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[35,77381,38],{"id":37},[40,77383,77385],{"className":42,"code":77384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77386,77387,77407,77417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77388,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77390,3291],{"class":55},[49,77392,60],{"class":59},[49,77394,3296],{"class":63},[49,77396,1731],{"class":80},[49,77398,84],{"class":63},[49,77400,81],{"class":80},[49,77402,84],{"class":63},[49,77404,97],{"class":80},[49,77406,3309],{"class":63},[49,77408,77409,77411,77413,77415],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77410,3323],{"class":55},[49,77412,109],{"class":63},[49,77414,34290],{"class":112},[49,77416,116],{"class":63},[49,77418,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,77420,123],{"class":122},[49,77422,126],{"class":63},[49,77424,3323],{"class":112},[49,77426,131],{"class":63},[49,77428,54434],{"class":134},[20,77430,1762,77431,77433,77434,109],{},[15,77432,77372],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77435,169],{},[35,77437,144,77439,147],{"id":77438},"what-listsort-does",[15,77440,77372],{},[20,77442,77443,77],{},[15,77444,77372],{},[155,77446,77447,77450,77453,77457],{},[158,77448,77449],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[158,77451,77452],{},"Changes the original list",[158,77454,166,77455],{},[15,77456,169],{},[158,77458,77459],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77461,77462],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[40,77464,77466],{"className":42,"code":77465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77467,77468,77492,77502,77506],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77469,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77471,3291],{"class":55},[49,77473,60],{"class":59},[49,77475,3296],{"class":63},[49,77477,1807],{"class":80},[49,77479,84],{"class":63},[49,77481,97],{"class":80},[49,77483,84],{"class":63},[49,77485,53638],{"class":80},[49,77487,84],{"class":63},[49,77489,81],{"class":80},[49,77491,3309],{"class":63},[49,77493,77494,77496,77498,77500],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77495,3323],{"class":55},[49,77497,109],{"class":63},[49,77499,34290],{"class":112},[49,77501,116],{"class":63},[49,77503,77504],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,77505,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,77507,77508,77510,77512,77514],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,77509,123],{"class":122},[49,77511,126],{"class":63},[49,77513,3323],{"class":112},[49,77515,335],{"class":63},[20,77517,573],{},[40,77519,77521],{"className":42,"code":77520,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77522,77523],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77524,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533,77535,77537,77539,77541],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77526,3573],{"class":63},[49,77528,2659],{"class":80},[49,77530,84],{"class":63},[49,77532,97],{"class":80},[49,77534,84],{"class":63},[49,77536,4279],{"class":80},[49,77538,84],{"class":63},[49,77540,53638],{"class":80},[49,77542,3309],{"class":63},[20,77544,77545,77546,109],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[72,77547,66582],{"href":50480},[35,77549,189],{"id":188},[40,77551,77553],{"className":42,"code":77552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77554,77555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77556,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77576,77578,77580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77558,8013],{"class":55},[49,77560,109],{"class":63},[49,77562,34290],{"class":112},[49,77564,126],{"class":63},[49,77566,14320],{"class":8847},[49,77568,60],{"class":59},[49,77570,169],{"class":583},[49,77572,84],{"class":63},[49,77574,77575],{"class":8847}," reverse",[49,77577,60],{"class":59},[49,77579,3348],{"class":583},[49,77581,335],{"class":63},[20,77583,77584],{},"Main arguments:",[155,77586,77587,77592,77598],{},[158,77588,77589,77591],{},[15,77590,14320],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[158,77593,77594,77597],{},[15,77595,77596],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[158,77599,77600],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77602,1244],{},[40,77604,77606],{"className":42,"code":77605,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77607,77608,77632,77650,77654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77609,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626,77628,77630],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77611,3291],{"class":55},[49,77613,60],{"class":59},[49,77615,3296],{"class":63},[49,77617,2174],{"class":80},[49,77619,84],{"class":63},[49,77621,81],{"class":80},[49,77623,84],{"class":63},[49,77625,5666],{"class":80},[49,77627,84],{"class":63},[49,77629,97],{"class":80},[49,77631,3309],{"class":63},[49,77633,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77635,3323],{"class":55},[49,77637,109],{"class":63},[49,77639,34290],{"class":112},[49,77641,126],{"class":63},[49,77643,73082],{"class":8847},[49,77645,60],{"class":59},[49,77647,3276],{"class":583},[49,77649,335],{"class":63},[49,77651,77652],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,77653,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,77655,77656,77658,77660,77662],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,77657,123],{"class":122},[49,77659,126],{"class":63},[49,77661,3323],{"class":112},[49,77663,335],{"class":63},[20,77665,573],{},[40,77667,77669],{"className":42,"code":77668,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77670,77671],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77672,77673,77675,77677,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77674,3573],{"class":63},[49,77676,1693],{"class":80},[49,77678,84],{"class":63},[49,77680,2126],{"class":80},[49,77682,84],{"class":63},[49,77684,97],{"class":80},[49,77686,84],{"class":63},[49,77688,81],{"class":80},[49,77690,3309],{"class":63},[35,77692,77694],{"id":77693},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77696,1762,77697,77699],{},[15,77698,63816],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[40,77701,77703],{"className":42,"code":77702,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77704,77705,77729,77739,77743],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77706,77707,77709,77711,77713,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77708,3291],{"class":55},[49,77710,60],{"class":59},[49,77712,3296],{"class":63},[49,77714,1999],{"class":80},[49,77716,84],{"class":63},[49,77718,2120],{"class":80},[49,77720,84],{"class":63},[49,77722,6033],{"class":80},[49,77724,84],{"class":63},[49,77726,81],{"class":80},[49,77728,3309],{"class":63},[49,77730,77731,77733,77735,77737],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77732,3323],{"class":55},[49,77734,109],{"class":63},[49,77736,34290],{"class":112},[49,77738,116],{"class":63},[49,77740,77741],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,77742,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,77744,77745,77747,77749,77751],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,77746,123],{"class":122},[49,77748,126],{"class":63},[49,77750,3323],{"class":112},[49,77752,335],{"class":63},[20,77754,573],{},[40,77756,77758],{"className":42,"code":77757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77759,77760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77761,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774,77776,77778],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77763,3573],{"class":63},[49,77765,2659],{"class":80},[49,77767,84],{"class":63},[49,77769,2120],{"class":80},[49,77771,84],{"class":63},[49,77773,6033],{"class":80},[49,77775,84],{"class":63},[49,77777,5677],{"class":80},[49,77779,3309],{"class":63},[20,77781,1762,77782,77784],{},[15,77783,77596],{}," for descending order:",[40,77786,77788],{"className":42,"code":77787,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77789,77790,77814,77832,77836],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77793,3291],{"class":55},[49,77795,60],{"class":59},[49,77797,3296],{"class":63},[49,77799,1999],{"class":80},[49,77801,84],{"class":63},[49,77803,2120],{"class":80},[49,77805,84],{"class":63},[49,77807,6033],{"class":80},[49,77809,84],{"class":63},[49,77811,81],{"class":80},[49,77813,3309],{"class":63},[49,77815,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77817,3323],{"class":55},[49,77819,109],{"class":63},[49,77821,34290],{"class":112},[49,77823,126],{"class":63},[49,77825,73082],{"class":8847},[49,77827,60],{"class":59},[49,77829,3276],{"class":583},[49,77831,335],{"class":63},[49,77833,77834],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,77835,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,77837,77838,77840,77842,77844],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,77839,123],{"class":122},[49,77841,126],{"class":63},[49,77843,3323],{"class":112},[49,77845,335],{"class":63},[20,77847,573],{},[40,77849,77851],{"className":42,"code":77850,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77852,77853],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77854,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77856,3573],{"class":63},[49,77858,1999],{"class":80},[49,77860,84],{"class":63},[49,77862,6033],{"class":80},[49,77864,84],{"class":63},[49,77866,2120],{"class":80},[49,77868,84],{"class":63},[49,77870,81],{"class":80},[49,77872,3309],{"class":63},[20,77874,77875],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77877,77878,77879,109],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[72,77880,77882],{"href":77881},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[35,77884,77886],{"id":77885},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77888,77889],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[40,77891,77893],{"className":42,"code":77892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77894,77895,77927,77937,77941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77896,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77898,3742],{"class":55},[49,77900,60],{"class":59},[49,77902,3296],{"class":63},[49,77904,68],{"class":67},[49,77906,3760],{"class":71},[49,77908,68],{"class":67},[49,77910,84],{"class":63},[49,77912,87],{"class":67},[49,77914,3751],{"class":71},[49,77916,68],{"class":67},[49,77918,84],{"class":63},[49,77920,87],{"class":67},[49,77922,3769],{"class":71},[49,77924,68],{"class":67},[49,77926,3309],{"class":63},[49,77928,77929,77931,77933,77935],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,77930,3786],{"class":55},[49,77932,109],{"class":63},[49,77934,34290],{"class":112},[49,77936,116],{"class":63},[49,77938,77939],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,77940,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,77942,77943,77945,77947,77949],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,77944,123],{"class":122},[49,77946,126],{"class":63},[49,77948,3786],{"class":112},[49,77950,335],{"class":63},[20,77952,573],{},[40,77954,77956],{"className":42,"code":77955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77957,77958],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77959,77960,77962,77964,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77961,3573],{"class":63},[49,77963,397],{"class":67},[49,77965,3751],{"class":71},[49,77967,397],{"class":67},[49,77969,84],{"class":63},[49,77971,406],{"class":67},[49,77973,3760],{"class":71},[49,77975,397],{"class":67},[49,77977,84],{"class":63},[49,77979,406],{"class":67},[49,77981,3769],{"class":71},[49,77983,397],{"class":67},[49,77985,3309],{"class":63},[20,77987,77988],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[40,77990,77992],{"className":42,"code":77991,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77993,77994,78026,78036,78040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77995,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77997,3742],{"class":55},[49,77999,60],{"class":59},[49,78001,3296],{"class":63},[49,78003,68],{"class":67},[49,78005,3760],{"class":71},[49,78007,68],{"class":67},[49,78009,84],{"class":63},[49,78011,87],{"class":67},[49,78013,57271],{"class":71},[49,78015,68],{"class":67},[49,78017,84],{"class":63},[49,78019,87],{"class":67},[49,78021,3769],{"class":71},[49,78023,68],{"class":67},[49,78025,3309],{"class":63},[49,78027,78028,78030,78032,78034],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78029,3786],{"class":55},[49,78031,109],{"class":63},[49,78033,34290],{"class":112},[49,78035,116],{"class":63},[49,78037,78038],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,78039,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,78041,78042,78044,78046,78048],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,78043,123],{"class":122},[49,78045,126],{"class":63},[49,78047,3786],{"class":112},[49,78049,335],{"class":63},[20,78051,573],{},[40,78053,78055],{"className":42,"code":78054,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78056,78057],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78058,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78060,3573],{"class":63},[49,78062,397],{"class":67},[49,78064,57271],{"class":71},[49,78066,397],{"class":67},[49,78068,84],{"class":63},[49,78070,406],{"class":67},[49,78072,3760],{"class":71},[49,78074,397],{"class":67},[49,78076,84],{"class":63},[49,78078,406],{"class":67},[49,78080,3769],{"class":71},[49,78082,397],{"class":67},[49,78084,3309],{"class":63},[20,78086,78087,78088,77],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78089,78090],{},"key=str.lower",[40,78092,78094],{"className":42,"code":78093,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78095,78096,78128,78150,78154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78097,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78099,3742],{"class":55},[49,78101,60],{"class":59},[49,78103,3296],{"class":63},[49,78105,68],{"class":67},[49,78107,3760],{"class":71},[49,78109,68],{"class":67},[49,78111,84],{"class":63},[49,78113,87],{"class":67},[49,78115,57271],{"class":71},[49,78117,68],{"class":67},[49,78119,84],{"class":63},[49,78121,87],{"class":67},[49,78123,3769],{"class":71},[49,78125,68],{"class":67},[49,78127,3309],{"class":63},[49,78129,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78131,3786],{"class":55},[49,78133,109],{"class":63},[49,78135,34290],{"class":112},[49,78137,126],{"class":63},[49,78139,14320],{"class":8847},[49,78141,60],{"class":59},[49,78143,3114],{"class":1428},[49,78145,109],{"class":63},[49,78147,8315],{"class":24235},[49,78149,335],{"class":63},[49,78151,78152],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,78153,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,78155,78156,78158,78160,78162],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,78157,123],{"class":122},[49,78159,126],{"class":63},[49,78161,3786],{"class":112},[49,78163,335],{"class":63},[20,78165,573],{},[40,78167,78168],{"className":42,"code":78054,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,78169,78170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78171,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78173,3573],{"class":63},[49,78175,397],{"class":67},[49,78177,57271],{"class":71},[49,78179,397],{"class":67},[49,78181,84],{"class":63},[49,78183,406],{"class":67},[49,78185,3760],{"class":71},[49,78187,397],{"class":67},[49,78189,84],{"class":63},[49,78191,406],{"class":67},[49,78193,3769],{"class":71},[49,78195,397],{"class":67},[49,78197,3309],{"class":63},[20,78199,78200,78201,78204],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78202,78203],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[35,78206,36106,78208,36109],{"id":78207},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78209,14320],{},[20,78211,150,78212,78214],{},[15,78213,14320],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78216,7014],{},[155,78218,78219,78224],{},[158,78220,78221,78223],{},[15,78222,10824],{}," to sort by length",[158,78225,78226,78228],{},[15,78227,78203],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78230,78231],{},"Sort words by length:",[40,78233,78235],{"className":42,"code":78234,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78236,78237,78278,78296,78300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78238,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78240,3742],{"class":55},[49,78242,60],{"class":59},[49,78244,3296],{"class":63},[49,78246,68],{"class":67},[49,78248,78249],{"class":71},"pear",[49,78251,68],{"class":67},[49,78253,84],{"class":63},[49,78255,87],{"class":67},[49,78257,3760],{"class":71},[49,78259,68],{"class":67},[49,78261,84],{"class":63},[49,78263,87],{"class":67},[49,78265,37853],{"class":71},[49,78267,68],{"class":67},[49,78269,84],{"class":63},[49,78271,87],{"class":67},[49,78273,3751],{"class":71},[49,78275,68],{"class":67},[49,78277,3309],{"class":63},[49,78279,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292,78294],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78281,3786],{"class":55},[49,78283,109],{"class":63},[49,78285,34290],{"class":112},[49,78287,126],{"class":63},[49,78289,14320],{"class":8847},[49,78291,60],{"class":59},[49,78293,10824],{"class":122},[49,78295,335],{"class":63},[49,78297,78298],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,78299,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,78301,78302,78304,78306,78308],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,78303,123],{"class":122},[49,78305,126],{"class":63},[49,78307,3786],{"class":112},[49,78309,335],{"class":63},[20,78311,573],{},[40,78313,78315],{"className":42,"code":78314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78316,78317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78318,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78320,3573],{"class":63},[49,78322,397],{"class":67},[49,78324,37853],{"class":71},[49,78326,397],{"class":67},[49,78328,84],{"class":63},[49,78330,406],{"class":67},[49,78332,78249],{"class":71},[49,78334,397],{"class":67},[49,78336,84],{"class":63},[49,78338,406],{"class":67},[49,78340,3751],{"class":71},[49,78342,397],{"class":67},[49,78344,84],{"class":63},[49,78346,406],{"class":67},[49,78348,3760],{"class":71},[49,78350,397],{"class":67},[49,78352,3309],{"class":63},[20,78354,78355],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[40,78357,78359],{"className":42,"code":78358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78360,78361,78394,78416,78420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78362,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78390,78392],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78364,3742],{"class":55},[49,78366,60],{"class":59},[49,78368,3296],{"class":63},[49,78370,68],{"class":67},[49,78372,4686],{"class":71},[49,78374,68],{"class":67},[49,78376,84],{"class":63},[49,78378,87],{"class":67},[49,78380,17285],{"class":71},[49,78382,68],{"class":67},[49,78384,84],{"class":63},[49,78386,87],{"class":67},[49,78388,78389],{"class":71},"Carol",[49,78391,68],{"class":67},[49,78393,3309],{"class":63},[49,78395,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78397,3786],{"class":55},[49,78399,109],{"class":63},[49,78401,34290],{"class":112},[49,78403,126],{"class":63},[49,78405,14320],{"class":8847},[49,78407,60],{"class":59},[49,78409,3114],{"class":1428},[49,78411,109],{"class":63},[49,78413,8315],{"class":24235},[49,78415,335],{"class":63},[49,78417,78418],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,78419,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,78421,78422,78424,78426,78428],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,78423,123],{"class":122},[49,78425,126],{"class":63},[49,78427,3786],{"class":112},[49,78429,335],{"class":63},[20,78431,573],{},[40,78433,78435],{"className":42,"code":78434,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78436,78437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78438,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78440,3573],{"class":63},[49,78442,397],{"class":67},[49,78444,17285],{"class":71},[49,78446,397],{"class":67},[49,78448,84],{"class":63},[49,78450,406],{"class":67},[49,78452,4686],{"class":71},[49,78454,397],{"class":67},[49,78456,84],{"class":63},[49,78458,406],{"class":67},[49,78460,78389],{"class":71},[49,78462,397],{"class":67},[49,78464,3309],{"class":63},[20,78466,150,78467,78469],{},[15,78468,14320],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[35,78471,78473,10249,78475],{"id":78472},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78474,77372],{},[15,78476,73929],{},[20,78478,78479,1017,78481,78483],{},[15,78480,77372],{},[15,78482,73929],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78485,78486,77],{},[15,78487,77372],{},[155,78489,78490,78493],{},[158,78491,78492],{},"Changes the existing list",[158,78494,166,78495],{},[15,78496,169],{},[20,78498,78499,77],{},[15,78500,73929],{},[155,78502,78503,78506],{},[158,78504,78505],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[158,78507,78508],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78510,1244],{},[40,78512,78514],{"className":42,"code":78513,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78515,78516,78536,78540,78554,78558,78568],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78517,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78519,3291],{"class":55},[49,78521,60],{"class":59},[49,78523,3296],{"class":63},[49,78525,1731],{"class":80},[49,78527,84],{"class":63},[49,78529,81],{"class":80},[49,78531,84],{"class":63},[49,78533,97],{"class":80},[49,78535,3309],{"class":63},[49,78537,78538],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78539,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,78541,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,78543,55392],{"class":55},[49,78545,60],{"class":59},[49,78547,74063],{"class":122},[49,78549,126],{"class":63},[49,78551,3323],{"class":112},[49,78553,335],{"class":63},[49,78555,78556],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,78557,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,78559,78560,78562,78564,78566],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,78561,123],{"class":122},[49,78563,126],{"class":63},[49,78565,3323],{"class":112},[49,78567,335],{"class":63},[49,78569,78570,78572,78574,78576],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,78571,123],{"class":122},[49,78573,126],{"class":63},[49,78575,73786],{"class":112},[49,78577,335],{"class":63},[20,78579,573],{},[40,78581,78582],{"className":42,"code":74098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,78583,78584,78600],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78585,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78587,3573],{"class":63},[49,78589,1731],{"class":80},[49,78591,84],{"class":63},[49,78593,81],{"class":80},[49,78595,84],{"class":63},[49,78597,97],{"class":80},[49,78599,3309],{"class":63},[49,78601,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78603,3573],{"class":63},[49,78605,2659],{"class":80},[49,78607,84],{"class":63},[49,78609,97],{"class":80},[49,78611,84],{"class":63},[49,78613,2120],{"class":80},[49,78615,3309],{"class":63},[20,78617,1762,78618,78620],{},[15,78619,73929],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78622,78623,78624,1017,78628,109],{},"You can learn more in ",[72,78625,3247,78626,5455],{"href":74026},[15,78627,73929],{},[72,78629,78631],{"href":78630},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[35,78633,1376],{"id":1375},[20,78635,78636,78637,109],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78638,77372],{},[591,78640,1386,78642],{"id":78641},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78643,63816],{},[20,78645,25176],{},[40,78647,78649],{"className":42,"code":78648,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78650,78651,78671,78685,78689,78699],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78652,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78654,3291],{"class":55},[49,78656,60],{"class":59},[49,78658,3296],{"class":63},[49,78660,1731],{"class":80},[49,78662,84],{"class":63},[49,78664,81],{"class":80},[49,78666,84],{"class":63},[49,78668,97],{"class":80},[49,78670,3309],{"class":63},[49,78672,78673,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78674,534],{"class":55},[49,78676,60],{"class":59},[49,78678,3936],{"class":55},[49,78680,109],{"class":63},[49,78682,34290],{"class":112},[49,78684,116],{"class":63},[49,78686,78687],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,78688,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,78690,78691,78693,78695,78697],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,78692,123],{"class":122},[49,78694,126],{"class":63},[49,78696,558],{"class":112},[49,78698,335],{"class":63},[49,78700,78701,78703,78705,78707],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,78702,123],{"class":122},[49,78704,126],{"class":63},[49,78706,3323],{"class":112},[49,78708,335],{"class":63},[20,78710,573],{},[40,78712,78714],{"className":42,"code":78713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78715,78716,78720],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78717,78718],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78719,584],{"class":583},[49,78721,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78723,3573],{"class":63},[49,78725,2659],{"class":80},[49,78727,84],{"class":63},[49,78729,97],{"class":80},[49,78731,84],{"class":63},[49,78733,2120],{"class":80},[49,78735,3309],{"class":63},[20,78737,78738,78740,78741,109],{},[15,78739,63816],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78742,169],{},[20,78744,78745,78746,6301],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78747,73929],{},[591,78749,78751],{"id":78750},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78753,78754],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[40,78756,78758],{"className":42,"code":78757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78759,78760,78785],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78761,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78777,78779,78781,78783],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78763,7451],{"class":55},[49,78765,60],{"class":59},[49,78767,3296],{"class":63},[49,78769,2659],{"class":80},[49,78771,84],{"class":63},[49,78773,87],{"class":67},[49,78775,78776],{"class":71},"two",[49,78778,68],{"class":67},[49,78780,84],{"class":63},[49,78782,2120],{"class":80},[49,78784,3309],{"class":63},[49,78786,78787,78789,78791,78793],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78788,7482],{"class":55},[49,78790,109],{"class":63},[49,78792,34290],{"class":112},[49,78794,116],{"class":63},[20,78796,2673,78797,78799],{},[15,78798,2676],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[591,78801,4378,78803,78805],{"id":78802},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78804,63816],{}," only works on lists",[20,78807,78808,78810],{},[15,78809,63816],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78812,16124],{},[40,78814,78816],{"className":42,"code":78815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78817,78818,78830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78819,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78821,34178],{"class":55},[49,78823,60],{"class":59},[49,78825,87],{"class":67},[49,78827,44],{"class":71},[49,78829,301],{"class":67},[49,78831,78832,78834,78836,78838],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78833,34199],{"class":55},[49,78835,109],{"class":63},[49,78837,34290],{"class":112},[49,78839,116],{"class":63},[20,78841,78842,78843,33090],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78844,63816],{},[20,78846,78847],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[40,78849,78851],{"className":42,"code":78850,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78852,78853,78871,78881,78885],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78854,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78856,35583],{"class":55},[49,78858,60],{"class":59},[49,78860,22044],{"class":1428},[49,78862,126],{"class":63},[49,78864,68],{"class":67},[49,78866,44],{"class":71},[49,78868,68],{"class":67},[49,78870,335],{"class":63},[49,78872,78873,78875,78877,78879],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,78874,35636],{"class":55},[49,78876,109],{"class":63},[49,78878,34290],{"class":112},[49,78880,116],{"class":63},[49,78882,78883],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,78884,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,78886,78887,78889,78891,78893],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,78888,123],{"class":122},[49,78890,126],{"class":63},[49,78892,35636],{"class":112},[49,78894,335],{"class":63},[20,78896,573],{},[40,78898,78900],{"className":42,"code":78899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78901,78902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78903,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78905,3573],{"class":63},[49,78907,397],{"class":67},[49,78909,59942],{"class":71},[49,78911,397],{"class":67},[49,78913,84],{"class":63},[49,78915,406],{"class":67},[49,78917,75535],{"class":71},[49,78919,397],{"class":67},[49,78921,84],{"class":63},[49,78923,406],{"class":67},[49,78925,59977],{"class":71},[49,78927,397],{"class":67},[49,78929,84],{"class":63},[49,78931,406],{"class":67},[49,78933,20],{"class":71},[49,78935,397],{"class":67},[49,78937,84],{"class":63},[49,78939,406],{"class":67},[49,78941,62791],{"class":71},[49,78943,397],{"class":67},[49,78945,84],{"class":63},[49,78947,406],{"class":67},[49,78949,517],{"class":71},[49,78951,397],{"class":67},[49,78953,3309],{"class":63},[591,78955,78957,78958,78960],{"id":78956},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78959,14320],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78962,78963,78964,109],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78965,14320],{},[20,78967,78968,78969,78971],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78970,63816],{}," will not do that:",[40,78973,78975],{"className":42,"code":78974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78976,78977,79009,79027,79031],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78978,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78980,3742],{"class":55},[49,78982,60],{"class":59},[49,78984,3296],{"class":63},[49,78986,68],{"class":67},[49,78988,3760],{"class":71},[49,78990,68],{"class":67},[49,78992,84],{"class":63},[49,78994,87],{"class":67},[49,78996,37853],{"class":71},[49,78998,68],{"class":67},[49,79000,84],{"class":63},[49,79002,87],{"class":67},[49,79004,3751],{"class":71},[49,79006,68],{"class":67},[49,79008,3309],{"class":63},[49,79010,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,79012,3786],{"class":55},[49,79014,109],{"class":63},[49,79016,34290],{"class":112},[49,79018,126],{"class":63},[49,79020,14320],{"class":8847},[49,79022,60],{"class":59},[49,79024,10824],{"class":122},[49,79026,335],{"class":63},[49,79028,79029],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,79030,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,79032,79033,79035,79037,79039],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,79034,123],{"class":122},[49,79036,126],{"class":63},[49,79038,3786],{"class":112},[49,79040,335],{"class":63},[591,79042,79044],{"id":79043},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79046,79047],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[40,79049,79051],{"className":42,"code":79050,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79052,79053,79087,79097,79101],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79054,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79083,79085],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79056,3742],{"class":55},[49,79058,60],{"class":59},[49,79060,3296],{"class":63},[49,79062,68],{"class":67},[49,79064,79065],{"class":71},"zebra",[49,79067,68],{"class":67},[49,79069,84],{"class":63},[49,79071,87],{"class":67},[49,79073,57271],{"class":71},[49,79075,68],{"class":67},[49,79077,84],{"class":63},[49,79079,87],{"class":67},[49,79081,79082],{"class":71},"monkey",[49,79084,68],{"class":67},[49,79086,3309],{"class":63},[49,79088,79089,79091,79093,79095],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,79090,3786],{"class":55},[49,79092,109],{"class":63},[49,79094,34290],{"class":112},[49,79096,116],{"class":63},[49,79098,79099],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,79100,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,79102,79103,79105,79107,79109],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,79104,123],{"class":122},[49,79106,126],{"class":63},[49,79108,3786],{"class":112},[49,79110,335],{"class":63},[20,79112,573],{},[40,79114,79116],{"className":42,"code":79115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79117,79118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79119,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79121,3573],{"class":63},[49,79123,397],{"class":67},[49,79125,57271],{"class":71},[49,79127,397],{"class":67},[49,79129,84],{"class":63},[49,79131,406],{"class":67},[49,79133,79082],{"class":71},[49,79135,397],{"class":67},[49,79137,84],{"class":63},[49,79139,406],{"class":67},[49,79141,79065],{"class":71},[49,79143,397],{"class":67},[49,79145,3309],{"class":63},[20,79147,1762,79148,79150],{},[15,79149,78090],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[591,79152,60214],{"id":60213},[20,79154,79155],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[40,79157,79159],{"className":42,"code":79158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79160,79161,79171,79185,79199,79213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79162,79163,79165,79167,79169],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79164,123],{"class":122},[49,79166,126],{"class":63},[49,79168,8013],{"class":112},[49,79170,335],{"class":63},[49,79172,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,79174,123],{"class":122},[49,79176,126],{"class":63},[49,79178,1429],{"class":1428},[49,79180,126],{"class":63},[49,79182,8013],{"class":112},[49,79184,1436],{"class":63},[49,79186,79187,79189,79191,79193,79195,79197],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,79188,123],{"class":122},[49,79190,126],{"class":63},[49,79192,8013],{"class":112},[49,79194,109],{"class":63},[49,79196,34290],{"class":112},[49,79198,6865],{"class":63},[49,79200,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,79202,123],{"class":122},[49,79204,126],{"class":63},[49,79206,74019],{"class":122},[49,79208,126],{"class":63},[49,79210,8013],{"class":112},[49,79212,1436],{"class":63},[49,79214,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,79216,123],{"class":122},[49,79218,2656],{"class":63},[49,79220,1429],{"class":1428},[49,79222,126],{"class":63},[49,79224,22795],{"class":112},[49,79226,131],{"class":63},[49,79228,3549],{"class":973},[49,79230,5633],{"class":112},[49,79232,3555],{"class":973},[49,79234,8070],{"class":112},[49,79236,3561],{"class":63},[20,79238,10833],{},[155,79240,79241,79244,79247,79254,79260],{},[158,79242,79243],{},"What values are in the list",[158,79245,79246],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[158,79248,79249,79250,480,79252],{},"That ",[15,79251,63816],{},[15,79253,169],{},[158,79255,79256,79257,79259],{},"Whether ",[15,79258,73929],{}," works better for your case",[158,79261,79262],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79264,79265,79266,79268],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79267,2676],{}," problems.",[35,79270,1498],{"id":1497},[591,79272,1502,79274,54971],{"id":79273},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79275,77372],{},[20,79277,62107,79278,109],{},[15,79279,169],{},[591,79281,1524,79283,1017,79285,1529],{"id":79282},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79284,63816],{},[15,79286,73929],{},[20,79288,79289,79291,79292,79294],{},[15,79290,63816],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79293,73929],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[591,79296,79298],{"id":79297},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79300,18177],{},[40,79302,79304],{"className":42,"code":79303,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79305,79306],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79307,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79309,8013],{"class":55},[49,79311,109],{"class":63},[49,79313,34290],{"class":112},[49,79315,126],{"class":63},[49,79317,73082],{"class":8847},[49,79319,60],{"class":59},[49,79321,3276],{"class":583},[49,79323,335],{"class":63},[591,79325,79327],{"id":79326},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79329,18177],{},[40,79331,79333],{"className":42,"code":79332,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79334,79335],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79336,79337,79339,79341,79343,79345,79347,79349,79351,79353,79355],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79338,8013],{"class":55},[49,79340,109],{"class":63},[49,79342,34290],{"class":112},[49,79344,126],{"class":63},[49,79346,14320],{"class":8847},[49,79348,60],{"class":59},[49,79350,3114],{"class":1428},[49,79352,109],{"class":63},[49,79354,8315],{"class":24235},[49,79356,335],{"class":63},[20,79358,79359],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[591,79361,79363,79364,79366],{"id":79362},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79365,2676],{}," when sorting?",[20,79368,79369],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[35,79371,1550],{"id":1549},[155,79373,79374,79379,79385,79389],{},[158,79375,79376],{},[72,79377,79378],{"href":77881},"How to sort a list in Python",[158,79380,79381],{},[72,79382,3247,79383,5455],{"href":74026},[15,79384,73929],{},[158,79386,79387],{},[72,79388,66582],{"href":50480},[158,79390,79391],{},[72,79392,78631],{"href":78630},[1597,79394,79395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":79397},[79398,79399,79401,79402,79403,79404,79406,79408,79419,79429],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":77438,"depth":103,"text":79400},"What list.sort() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":77693,"depth":103,"text":77694},{"id":77885,"depth":103,"text":77886},{"id":78207,"depth":103,"text":79405},"Using the key argument",{"id":78472,"depth":103,"text":79407},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":79409},[79410,79412,79413,79415,79417,79418],{"id":78641,"depth":119,"text":79411},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78750,"depth":119,"text":78751},{"id":78802,"depth":119,"text":79414},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78956,"depth":119,"text":79416},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79043,"depth":119,"text":79044},{"id":60213,"depth":119,"text":60214},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":79420},[79421,79423,79425,79426,79427],{"id":79273,"depth":119,"text":79422},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79282,"depth":119,"text":79424},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79297,"depth":119,"text":79298},{"id":79326,"depth":119,"text":79327},{"id":79362,"depth":119,"text":79428},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77360,"description":79430},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79437,"title":79438,"body":79439,"description":82070,"extension":1632,"meta":82071,"navigation":312,"path":82072,"seo":82073,"stem":82074,"__hash__":82075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79440,"toc":82029},[79441,79446,79451,79454,79465,79468,79488,79490,79552,79554,79595,79604,79609,79614,79620,79631,79633,79652,79655,79660,79665,79667,79672,79686,79688,79706,79709,79726,79729,79735,79758,79763,79765,79768,79829,79831,79864,79866,79905,79913,79923,79929,79934,80027,80029,80053,80055,80073,80076,80107,80113,80118,80121,80123,80248,80250,80274,80276,80295,80301,80307,80426,80428,80445,80452,80458,80463,80470,80476,80478,80535,80538,80559,80562,80565,80626,80628,80661,80665,80735,80737,80754,80758,80761,80836,80838,80875,80878,80881,80952,80954,81015,81020,81025,81028,81042,81044,81117,81119,81139,81142,81145,81202,81264,81267,81299,81302,81317,81322,81324,81330,81333,81389,81392,81394,81413,81417,81419,81463,81472,81474,81534,81538,81541,81543,81636,81638,81753,81757,81759,81833,81836,81839,81841,81846,81911,81913,81937,81947,81949,81955,81964,81973,81982,81988,81991,81995,81998,82000,82026],[10,79442,3247,79444,3251],{"id":79443},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79445,39212],{},[20,79447,3254,79448,79450],{},[15,79449,39212],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79452,79453],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[155,79455,79456,79459,79462],{},[158,79457,79458],{},"converting numbers to strings",[158,79460,79461],{},"changing strings to integers",[158,79463,79464],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79466,79467],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[155,79469,79470,79477,79483],{},[158,79471,79472,13532,79474,79476],{},[15,79473,39212],{},[30,79475,600],{}," return a list in Python 3",[158,79478,79479,79480],{},"it returns a ",[30,79481,79482],{},"map object",[158,79484,79485,79486],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79487,24266],{},[35,79489,38],{"id":37},[40,79491,79493],{"className":42,"code":79492,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79494,79495,79519,79538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79496,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513,79515,79517],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79498,3291],{"class":55},[49,79500,60],{"class":59},[49,79502,3296],{"class":63},[49,79504,2659],{"class":80},[49,79506,84],{"class":63},[49,79508,97],{"class":80},[49,79510,84],{"class":63},[49,79512,2120],{"class":80},[49,79514,84],{"class":63},[49,79516,2126],{"class":80},[49,79518,3309],{"class":63},[49,79520,79521,79523,79525,79528,79530,79532,79534,79536],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,79522,534],{"class":55},[49,79524,60],{"class":59},[49,79526,79527],{"class":122}," map",[49,79529,126],{"class":63},[49,79531,3114],{"class":1428},[49,79533,84],{"class":63},[49,79535,3936],{"class":112},[49,79537,335],{"class":63},[49,79539,79540,79542,79544,79546,79548,79550],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,79541,123],{"class":122},[49,79543,126],{"class":63},[49,79545,7767],{"class":1428},[49,79547,126],{"class":63},[49,79549,558],{"class":112},[49,79551,1436],{"class":63},[20,79553,573],{},[40,79555,79557],{"className":42,"code":79556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79558,79559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79560,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591,79593],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79562,3573],{"class":63},[49,79564,397],{"class":67},[49,79566,2659],{"class":71},[49,79568,397],{"class":67},[49,79570,84],{"class":63},[49,79572,406],{"class":67},[49,79574,1725],{"class":71},[49,79576,397],{"class":67},[49,79578,84],{"class":63},[49,79580,406],{"class":67},[49,79582,1731],{"class":71},[49,79584,397],{"class":67},[49,79586,84],{"class":63},[49,79588,406],{"class":67},[49,79590,2174],{"class":71},[49,79592,397],{"class":67},[49,79594,3309],{"class":63},[20,79596,1762,79597,79600,79601,79603],{},[15,79598,79599],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79602,24266],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[35,79605,144,79607,147],{"id":79606},"what-map-does",[15,79608,39212],{},[20,79610,79611,79613],{},[15,79612,39212],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79615,79616,79617,79619],{},"An ",[30,79618,3394],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[155,79621,79622,79624,79626,79628],{},[158,79623,37396],{},[158,79625,37399],{},[158,79627,37402],{},[158,79629,79630],{},"a range object",[20,79632,30213],{},[40,79634,79636],{"className":42,"code":79635,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79637,79638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79639,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79641,39355],{"class":122},[49,79643,126],{"class":63},[49,79645,37355],{"class":112},[49,79647,84],{"class":63},[49,79649,37360],{"class":112},[49,79651,335],{"class":63},[20,79653,79654],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79656,79657,79658,33231],{},"Important: the result is a ",[30,79659,79482],{},[20,79661,79662,79663,109],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[72,79664,4810],{"href":4809},[35,79666,189],{"id":188},[20,79668,79669,79671],{},[15,79670,39212],{}," needs at least two parts:",[155,79673,79674,79680],{},[158,79675,79676,79679],{},[30,79677,79678],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[158,79681,79682,79685],{},[30,79683,79684],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79687,3379],{},[40,79689,79690],{"className":42,"code":79635,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,79691,79692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79693,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79695,39355],{"class":122},[49,79697,126],{"class":63},[49,79699,37355],{"class":112},[49,79701,84],{"class":63},[49,79703,37360],{"class":112},[49,79705,335],{"class":63},[20,79707,79708],{},"You can pass:",[155,79710,79711,79720,79723],{},[158,79712,79713,79714,1858,79716,1862,79718],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79715,3114],{},[15,79717,1857],{},[15,79719,1685],{},[158,79721,79722],{},"your own custom function",[158,79724,79725],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79727,79728],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79730,79731,79732,79734],{},"You will often see ",[15,79733,39212],{}," used like this:",[40,79736,79738],{"className":42,"code":79737,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79739,79740],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79741,79742,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79743,7767],{"class":1428},[49,79745,126],{"class":63},[49,79747,39355],{"class":122},[49,79749,126],{"class":63},[49,79751,37355],{"class":112},[49,79753,84],{"class":63},[49,79755,3558],{"class":112},[49,79757,1436],{"class":63},[20,79759,6347,79760,79762],{},[15,79761,24266],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[35,79764,225],{"id":224},[20,79766,79767],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[40,79769,79771],{"className":42,"code":79770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79772,79773,79793,79811,79815],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79774,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79776,3291],{"class":55},[49,79778,60],{"class":59},[49,79780,3296],{"class":63},[49,79782,1999],{"class":80},[49,79784,84],{"class":63},[49,79786,7462],{"class":80},[49,79788,84],{"class":63},[49,79790,7467],{"class":80},[49,79792,3309],{"class":63},[49,79794,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,79796,534],{"class":55},[49,79798,60],{"class":59},[49,79800,79527],{"class":122},[49,79802,126],{"class":63},[49,79804,3114],{"class":1428},[49,79806,84],{"class":63},[49,79808,3936],{"class":112},[49,79810,335],{"class":63},[49,79812,79813],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,79814,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,79816,79817,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,79818,123],{"class":122},[49,79820,126],{"class":63},[49,79822,7767],{"class":1428},[49,79824,126],{"class":63},[49,79826,558],{"class":112},[49,79828,1436],{"class":63},[20,79830,573],{},[40,79832,79834],{"className":42,"code":79833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79835,79836],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79837,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79839,3573],{"class":63},[49,79841,397],{"class":67},[49,79843,1999],{"class":71},[49,79845,397],{"class":67},[49,79847,84],{"class":63},[49,79849,406],{"class":67},[49,79851,15234],{"class":71},[49,79853,397],{"class":67},[49,79855,84],{"class":63},[49,79857,406],{"class":67},[49,79859,36335],{"class":71},[49,79861,397],{"class":67},[49,79863,3309],{"class":63},[20,79865,453],{},[155,79867,79868,79873,79881,79889,79897],{},[158,79869,79870,79872],{},[15,79871,3323],{}," contains integers",[158,79874,79875,79878,79879],{},[15,79876,79877],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79880,47183],{},[158,79882,79883,41652,79886],{},[15,79884,79885],{},"str(10)",[15,79887,79888],{},"'10'",[158,79890,79891,41652,79894],{},[15,79892,79893],{},"str(20)",[15,79895,79896],{},"'20'",[158,79898,79899,41652,79902],{},[15,79900,79901],{},"str(30)",[15,79903,79904],{},"'30'",[20,79906,53155,79907,79909,79910,79912],{},[15,79908,39212],{}," applies ",[15,79911,47183],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79914,79915,79916,79918,79919,109],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79917,24266],{}," better, see ",[72,79920,3247,79921,3180],{"href":64352},[15,79922,24266],{},[35,79924,8092,79926,79928],{"id":79925},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79927,39212],{}," with your own function",[20,79930,15194,79931,79933],{},[15,79932,39212],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[40,79935,79937],{"className":42,"code":79936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79938,79939,79952,79962,79966,79990,80009,80013],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79940,79941,79943,79946,79948,79950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79942,34342],{"class":1734},[49,79944,79945],{"class":34345}," double",[49,79947,126],{"class":63},[49,79949,504],{"class":37157},[49,79951,8016],{"class":63},[49,79953,79954,79956,79958,79960],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,79955,34353],{"class":973},[49,79957,3552],{"class":55},[49,79959,39368],{"class":59},[49,79961,45088],{"class":80},[49,79963,79964],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,79965,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,79967,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,79969,3291],{"class":55},[49,79971,60],{"class":59},[49,79973,3296],{"class":63},[49,79975,2659],{"class":80},[49,79977,84],{"class":63},[49,79979,97],{"class":80},[49,79981,84],{"class":63},[49,79983,2120],{"class":80},[49,79985,84],{"class":63},[49,79987,2126],{"class":80},[49,79989,3309],{"class":63},[49,79991,79992,79994,79996,79998,80000,80003,80005,80007],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,79993,534],{"class":55},[49,79995,60],{"class":59},[49,79997,79527],{"class":122},[49,79999,126],{"class":63},[49,80001,80002],{"class":112},"double",[49,80004,84],{"class":63},[49,80006,3936],{"class":112},[49,80008,335],{"class":63},[49,80010,80011],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,80012,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80014,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,80016,123],{"class":122},[49,80018,126],{"class":63},[49,80020,7767],{"class":1428},[49,80022,126],{"class":63},[49,80024,558],{"class":112},[49,80026,1436],{"class":63},[20,80028,573],{},[40,80030,80031],{"className":42,"code":39381,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,80032,80033],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80034,80035,80037,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80036,3573],{"class":63},[49,80038,1725],{"class":80},[49,80040,84],{"class":63},[49,80042,2126],{"class":80},[49,80044,84],{"class":63},[49,80046,37138],{"class":80},[49,80048,84],{"class":63},[49,80050,6033],{"class":80},[49,80052,3309],{"class":63},[20,80054,65089],{},[155,80056,80057,80064,80070],{},[158,80058,80059,80061,80062],{},[15,80060,39212],{}," takes the function ",[15,80063,80002],{},[158,80065,80066,80067,80069],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80068,3323],{}," into that function",[158,80071,80072],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80074,80075],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[155,80077,80078,80085,80092,80100],{},[158,80079,80080,5745,80083],{},[15,80081,80082],{},"double(1)",[15,80084,1725],{},[158,80086,80087,5745,80090],{},[15,80088,80089],{},"double(2)",[15,80091,2174],{},[158,80093,80094,5745,80097],{},[15,80095,80096],{},"double(3)",[15,80098,80099],{},"6",[158,80101,80102,5745,80105],{},[15,80103,80104],{},"double(4)",[15,80106,2014],{},[35,80108,8092,80110,80112],{"id":80109},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80111,39212],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80114,80115,80117],{},[15,80116,39212],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80119,80120],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80122,1244],{},[40,80124,80126],{"className":42,"code":80125,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80127,80128,80145,80155,80159,80180,80201,80205,80230,80234],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80129,80130,80132,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80131,34342],{"class":1734},[49,80133,80134],{"class":34345}," add_numbers",[49,80136,126],{"class":63},[49,80138,72],{"class":37157},[49,80140,84],{"class":63},[49,80142,2229],{"class":37157},[49,80144,8016],{"class":63},[49,80146,80147,80149,80151,80153],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80148,34353],{"class":973},[49,80150,44043],{"class":55},[49,80152,1728],{"class":59},[49,80154,35675],{"class":55},[49,80156,80157],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,80158,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80160,80161,80164,80166,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,80162,80163],{"class":55},"list1 ",[49,80165,60],{"class":59},[49,80167,3296],{"class":63},[49,80169,2659],{"class":80},[49,80171,84],{"class":63},[49,80173,97],{"class":80},[49,80175,84],{"class":63},[49,80177,2120],{"class":80},[49,80179,3309],{"class":63},[49,80181,80182,80185,80187,80189,80191,80193,80195,80197,80199],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,80183,80184],{"class":55},"list2 ",[49,80186,60],{"class":59},[49,80188,3296],{"class":63},[49,80190,1999],{"class":80},[49,80192,84],{"class":63},[49,80194,7462],{"class":80},[49,80196,84],{"class":63},[49,80198,7467],{"class":80},[49,80200,3309],{"class":63},[49,80202,80203],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,80204,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80206,80207,80209,80211,80213,80215,80218,80220,80223,80225,80228],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,80208,534],{"class":55},[49,80210,60],{"class":59},[49,80212,79527],{"class":122},[49,80214,126],{"class":63},[49,80216,80217],{"class":112},"add_numbers",[49,80219,84],{"class":63},[49,80221,80222],{"class":112}," list1",[49,80224,84],{"class":63},[49,80226,80227],{"class":112}," list2",[49,80229,335],{"class":63},[49,80231,80232],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,80233,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80235,80236,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,80237,123],{"class":122},[49,80239,126],{"class":63},[49,80241,7767],{"class":1428},[49,80243,126],{"class":63},[49,80245,558],{"class":112},[49,80247,1436],{"class":63},[20,80249,573],{},[40,80251,80253],{"className":42,"code":80252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80254,80255],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80256,80257,80259,80262,80264,80267,80269,80272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80258,3573],{"class":63},[49,80260,80261],{"class":80},"11",[49,80263,84],{"class":63},[49,80265,80266],{"class":80}," 22",[49,80268,84],{"class":63},[49,80270,80271],{"class":80}," 33",[49,80273,3309],{"class":63},[20,80275,1197],{},[155,80277,80278,80284,80290],{},[158,80279,80280,80281],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80282,80283],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[158,80285,80286,80287],{},"then ",[15,80288,80289],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[158,80291,80286,80292],{},[15,80293,80294],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[591,80296,80298,80300],{"id":80297},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80299,39212],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80302,80303,80304,80306],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80305,39212],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[40,80308,80310],{"className":42,"code":80309,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80311,80312,80328,80338,80342,80366,80382,80386,80408,80412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80313,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80315,34342],{"class":1734},[49,80317,80134],{"class":34345},[49,80319,126],{"class":63},[49,80321,72],{"class":37157},[49,80323,84],{"class":63},[49,80325,2229],{"class":37157},[49,80327,8016],{"class":63},[49,80329,80330,80332,80334,80336],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80331,34353],{"class":973},[49,80333,44043],{"class":55},[49,80335,1728],{"class":59},[49,80337,35675],{"class":55},[49,80339,80340],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,80341,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80343,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,80345,80163],{"class":55},[49,80347,60],{"class":59},[49,80349,3296],{"class":63},[49,80351,2659],{"class":80},[49,80353,84],{"class":63},[49,80355,97],{"class":80},[49,80357,84],{"class":63},[49,80359,2120],{"class":80},[49,80361,84],{"class":63},[49,80363,2126],{"class":80},[49,80365,3309],{"class":63},[49,80367,80368,80370,80372,80374,80376,80378,80380],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,80369,80184],{"class":55},[49,80371,60],{"class":59},[49,80373,3296],{"class":63},[49,80375,1999],{"class":80},[49,80377,84],{"class":63},[49,80379,7462],{"class":80},[49,80381,3309],{"class":63},[49,80383,80384],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,80385,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80387,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402,80404,80406],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,80389,534],{"class":55},[49,80391,60],{"class":59},[49,80393,79527],{"class":122},[49,80395,126],{"class":63},[49,80397,80217],{"class":112},[49,80399,84],{"class":63},[49,80401,80222],{"class":112},[49,80403,84],{"class":63},[49,80405,80227],{"class":112},[49,80407,335],{"class":63},[49,80409,80410],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,80411,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80413,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,80415,123],{"class":122},[49,80417,126],{"class":63},[49,80419,7767],{"class":1428},[49,80421,126],{"class":63},[49,80423,558],{"class":112},[49,80425,1436],{"class":63},[20,80427,573],{},[40,80429,80431],{"className":42,"code":80430,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80432,80433],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80434,80435,80437,80439,80441,80443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80436,3573],{"class":63},[49,80438,80261],{"class":80},[49,80440,84],{"class":63},[49,80442,80266],{"class":80},[49,80444,3309],{"class":63},[20,80446,80447,80448,80451],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80449,80450],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[35,80453,80455,80457],{"id":80454},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80456,39212],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80459,37518,80460,80462],{},[15,80461,39212],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80464,80465,80466,80469],{},"This object is ",[30,80467,80468],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[591,80471,2158,80473,80475],{"id":80472},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80474,32516],{}," looks strange",[20,80477,33132],{},[40,80479,80481],{"className":42,"code":80480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80482,80483,80503,80521,80525],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80484,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80486,3291],{"class":55},[49,80488,60],{"class":59},[49,80490,3296],{"class":63},[49,80492,2659],{"class":80},[49,80494,84],{"class":63},[49,80496,97],{"class":80},[49,80498,84],{"class":63},[49,80500,2120],{"class":80},[49,80502,3309],{"class":63},[49,80504,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80506,534],{"class":55},[49,80508,60],{"class":59},[49,80510,79527],{"class":122},[49,80512,126],{"class":63},[49,80514,3114],{"class":1428},[49,80516,84],{"class":63},[49,80518,3936],{"class":112},[49,80520,335],{"class":63},[49,80522,80523],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,80524,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80526,80527,80529,80531,80533],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,80528,123],{"class":122},[49,80530,126],{"class":63},[49,80532,558],{"class":112},[49,80534,335],{"class":63},[20,80536,80537],{},"Output will look something like this:",[40,80539,80541],{"className":42,"code":80540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80542,80543],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80544,80545,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80546,2962],{"class":59},[49,80548,39355],{"class":122},[49,80550,24102],{"class":1428},[49,80552,36858],{"class":55},[49,80554,36862],{"class":36861},[49,80556,36865],{"class":33943},[49,80558,2974],{"class":59},[20,80560,80561],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80563,80564],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[40,80566,80568],{"className":42,"code":80567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80569,80570,80590,80608,80612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80571,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586,80588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80573,3291],{"class":55},[49,80575,60],{"class":59},[49,80577,3296],{"class":63},[49,80579,2659],{"class":80},[49,80581,84],{"class":63},[49,80583,97],{"class":80},[49,80585,84],{"class":63},[49,80587,2120],{"class":80},[49,80589,3309],{"class":63},[49,80591,80592,80594,80596,80598,80600,80602,80604,80606],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80593,534],{"class":55},[49,80595,60],{"class":59},[49,80597,79527],{"class":122},[49,80599,126],{"class":63},[49,80601,3114],{"class":1428},[49,80603,84],{"class":63},[49,80605,3936],{"class":112},[49,80607,335],{"class":63},[49,80609,80610],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,80611,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80613,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622,80624],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,80615,123],{"class":122},[49,80617,126],{"class":63},[49,80619,7767],{"class":1428},[49,80621,126],{"class":63},[49,80623,558],{"class":112},[49,80625,1436],{"class":63},[20,80627,573],{},[40,80629,80631],{"className":42,"code":80630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80632,80633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80634,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80636,3573],{"class":63},[49,80638,397],{"class":67},[49,80640,2659],{"class":71},[49,80642,397],{"class":67},[49,80644,84],{"class":63},[49,80646,406],{"class":67},[49,80648,1725],{"class":71},[49,80650,397],{"class":67},[49,80652,84],{"class":63},[49,80654,406],{"class":67},[49,80656,1731],{"class":71},[49,80658,397],{"class":67},[49,80660,3309],{"class":63},[591,80662,80664],{"id":80663},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[40,80666,80668],{"className":42,"code":80667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80669,80670,80690,80708,80712,80725],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80671,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80673,3291],{"class":55},[49,80675,60],{"class":59},[49,80677,3296],{"class":63},[49,80679,2659],{"class":80},[49,80681,84],{"class":63},[49,80683,97],{"class":80},[49,80685,84],{"class":63},[49,80687,2120],{"class":80},[49,80689,3309],{"class":63},[49,80691,80692,80694,80696,80698,80700,80702,80704,80706],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80693,534],{"class":55},[49,80695,60],{"class":59},[49,80697,79527],{"class":122},[49,80699,126],{"class":63},[49,80701,3114],{"class":1428},[49,80703,84],{"class":63},[49,80705,3936],{"class":112},[49,80707,335],{"class":63},[49,80709,80710],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,80711,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80713,80714,80716,80718,80720,80723],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,80715,5630],{"class":973},[49,80717,5633],{"class":55},[49,80719,3555],{"class":973},[49,80721,80722],{"class":55}," result",[49,80724,6067],{"class":63},[49,80726,80727,80729,80731,80733],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,80728,7742],{"class":122},[49,80730,126],{"class":63},[49,80732,22795],{"class":112},[49,80734,335],{"class":63},[20,80736,573],{},[40,80738,80740],{"className":42,"code":80739,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80741,80742,80746,80750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80743,80744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80745,46416],{"class":80},[49,80747,80748],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80749,16537],{"class":80},[49,80751,80752],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,80753,46116],{"class":80},[591,80755,80757],{"id":80756},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80759,80760],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[40,80762,80764],{"className":42,"code":80763,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80765,80766,80786,80804,80808,80822],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80767,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80769,3291],{"class":55},[49,80771,60],{"class":59},[49,80773,3296],{"class":63},[49,80775,2659],{"class":80},[49,80777,84],{"class":63},[49,80779,97],{"class":80},[49,80781,84],{"class":63},[49,80783,2120],{"class":80},[49,80785,3309],{"class":63},[49,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80789,534],{"class":55},[49,80791,60],{"class":59},[49,80793,79527],{"class":122},[49,80795,126],{"class":63},[49,80797,3114],{"class":1428},[49,80799,84],{"class":63},[49,80801,3936],{"class":112},[49,80803,335],{"class":63},[49,80805,80806],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,80807,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80809,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,80811,123],{"class":122},[49,80813,126],{"class":63},[49,80815,7767],{"class":1428},[49,80817,126],{"class":63},[49,80819,558],{"class":112},[49,80821,1436],{"class":63},[49,80823,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,80825,123],{"class":122},[49,80827,126],{"class":63},[49,80829,7767],{"class":1428},[49,80831,126],{"class":63},[49,80833,558],{"class":112},[49,80835,1436],{"class":63},[20,80837,573],{},[40,80839,80841],{"className":42,"code":80840,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80842,80843,80871],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80844,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80846,3573],{"class":63},[49,80848,397],{"class":67},[49,80850,2659],{"class":71},[49,80852,397],{"class":67},[49,80854,84],{"class":63},[49,80856,406],{"class":67},[49,80858,1725],{"class":71},[49,80860,397],{"class":67},[49,80862,84],{"class":63},[49,80864,406],{"class":67},[49,80866,1731],{"class":71},[49,80868,397],{"class":67},[49,80870,3309],{"class":63},[49,80872,80873],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80874,37792],{"class":63},[20,80876,80877],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80879,80880],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[40,80882,80884],{"className":42,"code":80883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80885,80886,80906,80928,80932,80942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80887,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80889,3291],{"class":55},[49,80891,60],{"class":59},[49,80893,3296],{"class":63},[49,80895,2659],{"class":80},[49,80897,84],{"class":63},[49,80899,97],{"class":80},[49,80901,84],{"class":63},[49,80903,2120],{"class":80},[49,80905,3309],{"class":63},[49,80907,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80909,534],{"class":55},[49,80911,60],{"class":59},[49,80913,22044],{"class":1428},[49,80915,126],{"class":63},[49,80917,39355],{"class":122},[49,80919,126],{"class":63},[49,80921,3114],{"class":1428},[49,80923,84],{"class":63},[49,80925,3936],{"class":112},[49,80927,1436],{"class":63},[49,80929,80930],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,80931,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,80933,80934,80936,80938,80940],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,80935,123],{"class":122},[49,80937,126],{"class":63},[49,80939,558],{"class":112},[49,80941,335],{"class":63},[49,80943,80944,80946,80948,80950],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,80945,123],{"class":122},[49,80947,126],{"class":63},[49,80949,558],{"class":112},[49,80951,335],{"class":63},[20,80953,573],{},[40,80955,80957],{"className":42,"code":80956,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80958,80959,80987],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80960,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80962,3573],{"class":63},[49,80964,397],{"class":67},[49,80966,2659],{"class":71},[49,80968,397],{"class":67},[49,80970,84],{"class":63},[49,80972,406],{"class":67},[49,80974,1725],{"class":71},[49,80976,397],{"class":67},[49,80978,84],{"class":63},[49,80980,406],{"class":67},[49,80982,1731],{"class":71},[49,80984,397],{"class":67},[49,80986,3309],{"class":63},[49,80988,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,80990,3573],{"class":63},[49,80992,397],{"class":67},[49,80994,2659],{"class":71},[49,80996,397],{"class":67},[49,80998,84],{"class":63},[49,81000,406],{"class":67},[49,81002,1725],{"class":71},[49,81004,397],{"class":67},[49,81006,84],{"class":63},[49,81008,406],{"class":67},[49,81010,1731],{"class":71},[49,81012,397],{"class":67},[49,81014,3309],{"class":63},[35,81016,1223,81018],{"id":81017},"when-to-use-map",[15,81019,39212],{},[20,81021,81022,81024],{},[15,81023,39212],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81026,81027],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[155,81029,81030,81034,81038],{},[158,81031,81032],{},[15,81033,3114],{},[158,81035,81036],{},[15,81037,1857],{},[158,81039,81040],{},[15,81041,1685],{},[20,81043,1244],{},[40,81045,81047],{"className":42,"code":81046,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81048,81049,81081,81103,81107],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81050,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81052,3495],{"class":55},[49,81054,60],{"class":59},[49,81056,3296],{"class":63},[49,81058,397],{"class":67},[49,81060,2659],{"class":71},[49,81062,397],{"class":67},[49,81064,84],{"class":63},[49,81066,406],{"class":67},[49,81068,1725],{"class":71},[49,81070,397],{"class":67},[49,81072,84],{"class":63},[49,81074,406],{"class":67},[49,81076,1731],{"class":71},[49,81078,397],{"class":67},[49,81080,3309],{"class":63},[49,81082,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81084,3291],{"class":55},[49,81086,60],{"class":59},[49,81088,22044],{"class":1428},[49,81090,126],{"class":63},[49,81092,39355],{"class":122},[49,81094,126],{"class":63},[49,81096,1857],{"class":1428},[49,81098,84],{"class":63},[49,81100,3558],{"class":112},[49,81102,1436],{"class":63},[49,81104,81105],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81106,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,81108,81109,81111,81113,81115],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,81110,123],{"class":122},[49,81112,126],{"class":63},[49,81114,3323],{"class":112},[49,81116,335],{"class":63},[20,81118,573],{},[40,81120,81121],{"className":42,"code":54652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81122,81123],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81124,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81126,3573],{"class":63},[49,81128,2659],{"class":80},[49,81130,84],{"class":63},[49,81132,97],{"class":80},[49,81134,84],{"class":63},[49,81136,2120],{"class":80},[49,81138,3309],{"class":63},[20,81140,81141],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81143,81144],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[40,81146,81148],{"className":42,"code":81147,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81149,81150,81170,81192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81151,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81153,3291],{"class":55},[49,81155,60],{"class":59},[49,81157,3296],{"class":63},[49,81159,2659],{"class":80},[49,81161,84],{"class":63},[49,81163,97],{"class":80},[49,81165,84],{"class":63},[49,81167,2120],{"class":80},[49,81169,3309],{"class":63},[49,81171,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81173,534],{"class":55},[49,81175,60],{"class":59},[49,81177,22044],{"class":1428},[49,81179,126],{"class":63},[49,81181,39355],{"class":122},[49,81183,126],{"class":63},[49,81185,3114],{"class":1428},[49,81187,84],{"class":63},[49,81189,3936],{"class":112},[49,81191,1436],{"class":63},[49,81193,81194,81196,81198,81200],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81195,123],{"class":122},[49,81197,126],{"class":63},[49,81199,558],{"class":112},[49,81201,335],{"class":63},[40,81203,81205],{"className":42,"code":81204,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81206,81207,81227,81254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81208,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81210,3291],{"class":55},[49,81212,60],{"class":59},[49,81214,3296],{"class":63},[49,81216,2659],{"class":80},[49,81218,84],{"class":63},[49,81220,97],{"class":80},[49,81222,84],{"class":63},[49,81224,2120],{"class":80},[49,81226,3309],{"class":63},[49,81228,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81248,81250,81252],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81230,534],{"class":55},[49,81232,60],{"class":59},[49,81234,3296],{"class":63},[49,81236,3114],{"class":1428},[49,81238,126],{"class":63},[49,81240,75535],{"class":112},[49,81242,131],{"class":63},[49,81244,3549],{"class":973},[49,81246,81247],{"class":55}," n ",[49,81249,3555],{"class":973},[49,81251,3936],{"class":55},[49,81253,3309],{"class":63},[49,81255,81256,81258,81260,81262],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81257,123],{"class":122},[49,81259,126],{"class":63},[49,81261,558],{"class":112},[49,81263,335],{"class":63},[20,81265,81266],{},"Both produce:",[40,81268,81269],{"className":42,"code":80630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81270,81271],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81272,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81274,3573],{"class":63},[49,81276,397],{"class":67},[49,81278,2659],{"class":71},[49,81280,397],{"class":67},[49,81282,84],{"class":63},[49,81284,406],{"class":67},[49,81286,1725],{"class":71},[49,81288,397],{"class":67},[49,81290,84],{"class":63},[49,81292,406],{"class":67},[49,81294,1731],{"class":71},[49,81296,397],{"class":67},[49,81298,3309],{"class":63},[20,81300,81301],{},"A simple rule:",[155,81303,81304,81309,81314],{},[158,81305,39486,81306,81308],{},[15,81307,39212],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[158,81310,39492,81311,81313],{},[15,81312,5630],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[158,81315,81316],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81318,81319,81320,109],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[72,81321,4066],{"href":4065},[35,81323,4192],{"id":4191},[591,81325,81327,81328],{"id":81326},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81329,24266],{},[20,81331,81332],{},"This is very common:",[40,81334,81335],{"className":42,"code":80480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81336,81337,81357,81375,81379],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81338,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81340,3291],{"class":55},[49,81342,60],{"class":59},[49,81344,3296],{"class":63},[49,81346,2659],{"class":80},[49,81348,84],{"class":63},[49,81350,97],{"class":80},[49,81352,84],{"class":63},[49,81354,2120],{"class":80},[49,81356,3309],{"class":63},[49,81358,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81360,534],{"class":55},[49,81362,60],{"class":59},[49,81364,79527],{"class":122},[49,81366,126],{"class":63},[49,81368,3114],{"class":1428},[49,81370,84],{"class":63},[49,81372,3936],{"class":112},[49,81374,335],{"class":63},[49,81376,81377],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81378,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,81380,81381,81383,81385,81387],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,81382,123],{"class":122},[49,81384,126],{"class":63},[49,81386,558],{"class":112},[49,81388,335],{"class":63},[20,81390,81391],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81393,38757],{},[40,81395,81397],{"className":42,"code":81396,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81398,81399],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81400,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81402,123],{"class":122},[49,81404,126],{"class":63},[49,81406,7767],{"class":1428},[49,81408,126],{"class":63},[49,81410,558],{"class":112},[49,81412,1436],{"class":63},[591,81414,81416],{"id":81415},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81418,16124],{},[40,81420,81422],{"className":42,"code":81421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81423,81424,81444],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81425,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81427,3291],{"class":55},[49,81429,60],{"class":59},[49,81431,3296],{"class":63},[49,81433,2659],{"class":80},[49,81435,84],{"class":63},[49,81437,97],{"class":80},[49,81439,84],{"class":63},[49,81441,2120],{"class":80},[49,81443,3309],{"class":63},[49,81445,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81459,81461],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81447,534],{"class":55},[49,81449,60],{"class":59},[49,81451,79527],{"class":122},[49,81453,126],{"class":63},[49,81455,3114],{"class":1428},[49,81457,81458],{"class":63},"(),",[49,81460,3936],{"class":112},[49,81462,335],{"class":63},[20,81464,81465,81466,81468,81469,81471],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81467,47183],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81470,39212],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81473,16136],{},[40,81475,81476],{"className":42,"code":80567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81477,81478,81498,81516,81520],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81479,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81481,3291],{"class":55},[49,81483,60],{"class":59},[49,81485,3296],{"class":63},[49,81487,2659],{"class":80},[49,81489,84],{"class":63},[49,81491,97],{"class":80},[49,81493,84],{"class":63},[49,81495,2120],{"class":80},[49,81497,3309],{"class":63},[49,81499,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81501,534],{"class":55},[49,81503,60],{"class":59},[49,81505,79527],{"class":122},[49,81507,126],{"class":63},[49,81509,3114],{"class":1428},[49,81511,84],{"class":63},[49,81513,3936],{"class":112},[49,81515,335],{"class":63},[49,81517,81518],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81519,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,81521,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,81523,123],{"class":122},[49,81525,126],{"class":63},[49,81527,7767],{"class":1428},[49,81529,126],{"class":63},[49,81531,558],{"class":112},[49,81533,1436],{"class":63},[591,81535,81537],{"id":81536},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81539,81540],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81542,16124],{},[40,81544,81546],{"className":42,"code":81545,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81547,81548,81565,81575,81579,81599,81618,81622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81549,81550,81552,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81551,34342],{"class":1734},[49,81553,81554],{"class":34345}," add",[49,81556,126],{"class":63},[49,81558,72],{"class":37157},[49,81560,84],{"class":63},[49,81562,2229],{"class":37157},[49,81564,8016],{"class":63},[49,81566,81567,81569,81571,81573],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81568,34353],{"class":973},[49,81570,44043],{"class":55},[49,81572,1728],{"class":59},[49,81574,35675],{"class":55},[49,81576,81577],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81578,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,81580,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,81582,3291],{"class":55},[49,81584,60],{"class":59},[49,81586,3296],{"class":63},[49,81588,2659],{"class":80},[49,81590,84],{"class":63},[49,81592,97],{"class":80},[49,81594,84],{"class":63},[49,81596,2120],{"class":80},[49,81598,3309],{"class":63},[49,81600,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609,81612,81614,81616],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,81602,534],{"class":55},[49,81604,60],{"class":59},[49,81606,79527],{"class":122},[49,81608,126],{"class":63},[49,81610,81611],{"class":112},"add",[49,81613,84],{"class":63},[49,81615,3936],{"class":112},[49,81617,335],{"class":63},[49,81619,81620],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,81621,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,81623,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,81625,123],{"class":122},[49,81627,126],{"class":63},[49,81629,7767],{"class":1428},[49,81631,126],{"class":63},[49,81633,558],{"class":112},[49,81635,1436],{"class":63},[20,81637,16136],{},[40,81639,81641],{"className":42,"code":81640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81642,81643,81659,81669,81673,81693,81713,81735,81739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81644,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81646,34342],{"class":1734},[49,81648,81554],{"class":34345},[49,81650,126],{"class":63},[49,81652,72],{"class":37157},[49,81654,84],{"class":63},[49,81656,2229],{"class":37157},[49,81658,8016],{"class":63},[49,81660,81661,81663,81665,81667],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81662,34353],{"class":973},[49,81664,44043],{"class":55},[49,81666,1728],{"class":59},[49,81668,35675],{"class":55},[49,81670,81671],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81672,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,81674,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,81676,80163],{"class":55},[49,81678,60],{"class":59},[49,81680,3296],{"class":63},[49,81682,2659],{"class":80},[49,81684,84],{"class":63},[49,81686,97],{"class":80},[49,81688,84],{"class":63},[49,81690,2120],{"class":80},[49,81692,3309],{"class":63},[49,81694,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,81696,80184],{"class":55},[49,81698,60],{"class":59},[49,81700,3296],{"class":63},[49,81702,1999],{"class":80},[49,81704,84],{"class":63},[49,81706,7462],{"class":80},[49,81708,84],{"class":63},[49,81710,7467],{"class":80},[49,81712,3309],{"class":63},[49,81714,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,81716,534],{"class":55},[49,81718,60],{"class":59},[49,81720,79527],{"class":122},[49,81722,126],{"class":63},[49,81724,81611],{"class":112},[49,81726,84],{"class":63},[49,81728,80222],{"class":112},[49,81730,84],{"class":63},[49,81732,80227],{"class":112},[49,81734,335],{"class":63},[49,81736,81737],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,81738,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,81740,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,81742,123],{"class":122},[49,81744,126],{"class":63},[49,81746,7767],{"class":1428},[49,81748,126],{"class":63},[49,81750,558],{"class":112},[49,81752,1436],{"class":63},[591,81754,81756],{"id":81755},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81758,16124],{},[40,81760,81761],{"className":42,"code":80763,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81762,81763,81783,81801,81805,81819],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81764,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81766,3291],{"class":55},[49,81768,60],{"class":59},[49,81770,3296],{"class":63},[49,81772,2659],{"class":80},[49,81774,84],{"class":63},[49,81776,97],{"class":80},[49,81778,84],{"class":63},[49,81780,2120],{"class":80},[49,81782,3309],{"class":63},[49,81784,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81786,534],{"class":55},[49,81788,60],{"class":59},[49,81790,79527],{"class":122},[49,81792,126],{"class":63},[49,81794,3114],{"class":1428},[49,81796,84],{"class":63},[49,81798,3936],{"class":112},[49,81800,335],{"class":63},[49,81802,81803],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81804,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,81806,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,81808,123],{"class":122},[49,81810,126],{"class":63},[49,81812,7767],{"class":1428},[49,81814,126],{"class":63},[49,81816,558],{"class":112},[49,81818,1436],{"class":63},[49,81820,81821,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,81822,123],{"class":122},[49,81824,126],{"class":63},[49,81826,7767],{"class":1428},[49,81828,126],{"class":63},[49,81830,558],{"class":112},[49,81832,1436],{"class":63},[20,81834,81835],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81837,81838],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[35,81840,67400],{"id":67399},[20,81842,8550,81843,81845],{},[15,81844,39212],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,81847,81849],{"className":42,"code":81848,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81850,81851,81861,81875,81889,81901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81852,81853,81855,81857,81859],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81854,123],{"class":122},[49,81856,126],{"class":63},[49,81858,558],{"class":112},[49,81860,335],{"class":63},[49,81862,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,81864,123],{"class":122},[49,81866,126],{"class":63},[49,81868,7767],{"class":1428},[49,81870,126],{"class":63},[49,81872,558],{"class":112},[49,81874,1436],{"class":63},[49,81876,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,81878,123],{"class":122},[49,81880,126],{"class":63},[49,81882,1429],{"class":1428},[49,81884,126],{"class":63},[49,81886,558],{"class":112},[49,81888,1436],{"class":63},[49,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,81892,5630],{"class":973},[49,81894,5633],{"class":55},[49,81896,3555],{"class":973},[49,81898,80722],{"class":55},[49,81900,6067],{"class":63},[49,81902,81903,81905,81907,81909],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,81904,7742],{"class":122},[49,81906,126],{"class":63},[49,81908,22795],{"class":112},[49,81910,335],{"class":63},[20,81912,1468],{},[155,81914,81915,81920,81925,81931],{},[158,81916,81917,81919],{},[15,81918,32516],{}," shows that you have a map object",[158,81921,81922,81924],{},[15,81923,32524],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[158,81926,81927,81930],{},[15,81928,81929],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[158,81932,81933,81934,81936],{},"looping over ",[15,81935,558],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81938,81939,81940,81943,81944,81946],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81941,81942],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81945,5630],{}," loop consume the map object.",[35,81948,1498],{"id":1497},[591,81950,1502,81952,81954],{"id":81951},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81953,39212],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81956,81957,81958,81960,81961,23423],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81959,39212],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81962,81963],{},"list(map(...))",[591,81965,14382,81967,81969,81970,81972],{"id":81966},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81968,39212],{}," better than a ",[15,81971,5630],{}," loop?",[20,81974,81975,81976,81978,81979,81981],{},"Not always. ",[15,81977,39212],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81980,5630],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[591,81983,4842,81985,81987],{"id":81984},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81986,39212],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81989,81990],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[591,81992,81994],{"id":81993},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81996,81997],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[35,81999,1550],{"id":1549},[155,82001,82002,82008,82014,82018,82022],{},[158,82003,82004],{},[72,82005,3247,82006,3180],{"href":39581},[15,82007,37070],{},[158,82009,82010],{},[72,82011,3247,82012,3180],{"href":64352},[15,82013,24266],{},[158,82015,82016],{},[72,82017,4893],{"href":4805},[158,82019,82020],{},[72,82021,4898],{"href":4065},[158,82023,82024],{},[72,82025,4888],{"href":4809},[1597,82027,82028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":82030},[82031,82032,82034,82035,82036,82038,82043,82050,82052,82059,82060,82069],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":79606,"depth":103,"text":82033},"What map() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":79925,"depth":103,"text":82037},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80109,"depth":103,"text":82039,"children":82040},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82041],{"id":80297,"depth":119,"text":82042},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80454,"depth":103,"text":82044,"children":82045},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82046,82048,82049],{"id":80472,"depth":119,"text":82047},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80663,"depth":119,"text":80664},{"id":80756,"depth":119,"text":80757},{"id":81017,"depth":103,"text":82051},"When to use map()",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":82053},[82054,82056,82057,82058],{"id":81326,"depth":119,"text":82055},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81415,"depth":119,"text":81416},{"id":81536,"depth":119,"text":81537},{"id":81755,"depth":119,"text":81756},{"id":67399,"depth":103,"text":67400},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":82061},[82062,82064,82066,82068],{"id":81951,"depth":119,"text":82063},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81966,"depth":119,"text":82065},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81984,"depth":119,"text":82067},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81993,"depth":119,"text":81994},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79438,"description":82070},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82077,"title":82078,"body":82079,"description":84099,"extension":1632,"meta":84100,"navigation":312,"path":84101,"seo":84102,"stem":84103,"__hash__":84104},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82080,"toc":84057},[82081,82087,82092,82095,82103,82106,82108,82232,82234,82252,82254,82274,82279,82283,82297,82300,82303,82305,82310,82422,82425,82443,82449,82452,82514,82516,82525,82528,82542,82544,82592,82594,82603,82613,82619,82622,82649,82651,82659,82662,82665,82735,82737,82745,82748,82753,82758,82809,82811,82819,82822,82824,82841,82843,82895,82898,82904,82908,82913,82916,82920,82979,82981,82990,82996,83005,83009,83072,83074,83082,83087,83091,83096,83176,83178,83187,83194,83199,83204,83207,83242,83244,83252,83255,83261,83263,83313,83315,83324,83327,83345,83347,83352,83358,83365,83392,83394,83417,83422,83457,83462,83468,83473,83516,83519,83522,83561,83568,83574,83579,83594,83598,83605,83608,83612,83617,83621,83626,83628,83689,83691,83720,83725,83732,83741,83743,83746,83771,83773,83876,83879,83897,83906,83908,83913,83916,83922,83925,83927,83937,83943,83947,84005,84012,84020,84022,84054],[10,82082,3247,82084,3251],{"id":82083},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82085,82086],{},"max()",[20,82088,8798,82089,82091],{},[15,82090,82086],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82093,82094],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[155,82096,82097,82100],{},[158,82098,82099],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[158,82101,82102],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82104,82105],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[35,82107,38],{"id":37},[40,82109,82111],{"className":42,"code":82110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82112,82113,82137,82152,82156,82182,82186,82218],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82114,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82116,3291],{"class":55},[49,82118,60],{"class":59},[49,82120,3296],{"class":63},[49,82122,1731],{"class":80},[49,82124,84],{"class":63},[49,82126,6033],{"class":80},[49,82128,84],{"class":63},[49,82130,97],{"class":80},[49,82132,84],{"class":63},[49,82134,4279],{"class":80},[49,82136,3309],{"class":63},[49,82138,82139,82141,82143,82146,82148,82150],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82140,123],{"class":122},[49,82142,126],{"class":63},[49,82144,82145],{"class":122},"max",[49,82147,126],{"class":63},[49,82149,3323],{"class":112},[49,82151,1436],{"class":63},[49,82153,82154],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,82155,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,82157,82158,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168,82170,82172,82174,82176,82178,82180],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,82159,123],{"class":122},[49,82161,126],{"class":63},[49,82163,82145],{"class":122},[49,82165,126],{"class":63},[49,82167,1731],{"class":80},[49,82169,84],{"class":63},[49,82171,6033],{"class":80},[49,82173,84],{"class":63},[49,82175,97],{"class":80},[49,82177,84],{"class":63},[49,82179,4279],{"class":80},[49,82181,1436],{"class":63},[49,82183,82184],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,82185,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,82187,82188,82190,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,82189,3742],{"class":55},[49,82191,60],{"class":59},[49,82193,3296],{"class":63},[49,82195,68],{"class":67},[49,82197,3751],{"class":71},[49,82199,68],{"class":67},[49,82201,84],{"class":63},[49,82203,87],{"class":67},[49,82205,3760],{"class":71},[49,82207,68],{"class":67},[49,82209,84],{"class":63},[49,82211,87],{"class":67},[49,82213,78249],{"class":71},[49,82215,68],{"class":67},[49,82217,3309],{"class":63},[49,82219,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,82221,123],{"class":122},[49,82223,126],{"class":63},[49,82225,82145],{"class":122},[49,82227,126],{"class":63},[49,82229,3786],{"class":112},[49,82231,1436],{"class":63},[20,82233,573],{},[40,82235,82237],{"className":42,"code":82236,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82238,82239,82243,82247],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82240,82241],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82242,2050],{"class":80},[49,82244,82245],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82246,2050],{"class":80},[49,82248,82249],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,82250,82251],{"class":55},"pear\n",[20,82253,19440],{},[155,82255,82256,82262,82268],{},[158,82257,82258,82261],{},[15,82259,82260],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[158,82263,82264,82267],{},[15,82265,82266],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[158,82269,82270,82273],{},[15,82271,82272],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[35,82275,144,82277,147],{"id":82276},"what-max-does",[15,82278,82086],{},[20,82280,82281,77],{},[15,82282,82086],{},[155,82284,82285,82288,82291,82294],{},[158,82286,82287],{},"Returns the largest item",[158,82289,82290],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[158,82292,82293],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[158,82295,82296],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82298,82299],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82301,82302],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[35,82304,189],{"id":188},[20,82306,82307,82308,77],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82309,82086],{},[40,82311,82313],{"className":42,"code":82312,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82314,82315,82325,82349,82371,82394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82316,82317,82319,82321,82323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82318,82145],{"class":122},[49,82320,126],{"class":63},[49,82322,3394],{"class":112},[49,82324,335],{"class":63},[49,82326,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82338,82340,82342,82344,82347],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82328,82145],{"class":122},[49,82330,126],{"class":63},[49,82332,3394],{"class":112},[49,82334,84],{"class":63},[49,82336,82337],{"class":59}," *",[49,82339,84],{"class":63},[49,82341,21063],{"class":8847},[49,82343,60],{"class":59},[49,82345,82346],{"class":112},"func",[49,82348,335],{"class":63},[49,82350,82351,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,82352,82145],{"class":122},[49,82354,126],{"class":63},[49,82356,3394],{"class":112},[49,82358,84],{"class":63},[49,82360,82337],{"class":59},[49,82362,84],{"class":63},[49,82364,26009],{"class":8847},[49,82366,60],{"class":59},[49,82368,2142],{"class":112},[49,82370,335],{"class":63},[49,82372,82373,82375,82377,82380,82382,82385,82387,82389,82392],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,82374,82145],{"class":122},[49,82376,126],{"class":63},[49,82378,82379],{"class":112},"arg1",[49,82381,84],{"class":63},[49,82383,82384],{"class":112}," arg2",[49,82386,84],{"class":63},[49,82388,82337],{"class":59},[49,82390,82391],{"class":112},"args",[49,82393,335],{"class":63},[49,82395,82396,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,82397,82145],{"class":122},[49,82399,126],{"class":63},[49,82401,82379],{"class":112},[49,82403,84],{"class":63},[49,82405,82384],{"class":112},[49,82407,84],{"class":63},[49,82409,82337],{"class":59},[49,82411,82391],{"class":112},[49,82413,84],{"class":63},[49,82415,21063],{"class":8847},[49,82417,60],{"class":59},[49,82419,82346],{"class":112},[49,82421,335],{"class":63},[20,82423,82424],{},"The most important parts are:",[155,82426,82427,82432,82437],{},[158,82428,82429,82431],{},[15,82430,3394],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[158,82433,82434,82436],{},[15,82435,14320],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[158,82438,82439,82442],{},[15,82440,82441],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[35,82444,8092,82446,82448],{"id":82445},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82447,82086],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82450,82451],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[40,82453,82455],{"className":42,"code":82454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82456,82457,82483,82499,82503],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82458,82459,82461,82463,82465,82468,82470,82472,82474,82476,82478,82481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82460,4737],{"class":55},[49,82462,60],{"class":59},[49,82464,3296],{"class":63},[49,82466,82467],{"class":80},"72",[49,82469,84],{"class":63},[49,82471,51011],{"class":80},[49,82473,84],{"class":63},[49,82475,12985],{"class":80},[49,82477,84],{"class":63},[49,82479,82480],{"class":80}," 66",[49,82482,3309],{"class":63},[49,82484,82485,82488,82490,82493,82495,82497],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82486,82487],{"class":55},"highest_score ",[49,82489,60],{"class":59},[49,82491,82492],{"class":122}," max",[49,82494,126],{"class":63},[49,82496,15869],{"class":112},[49,82498,335],{"class":63},[49,82500,82501],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,82502,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,82504,82505,82507,82509,82512],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,82506,123],{"class":122},[49,82508,126],{"class":63},[49,82510,82511],{"class":112},"highest_score",[49,82513,335],{"class":63},[20,82515,573],{},[40,82517,82519],{"className":42,"code":82518,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"91\n",[15,82520,82521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82522,82523],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82524,82518],{"class":80},[20,82526,82527],{},"This works well for:",[155,82529,82530,82533,82536,82539],{},[158,82531,82532],{},"Scores",[158,82534,82535],{},"Prices",[158,82537,82538],{},"Ages",[158,82540,82541],{},"Counts",[20,82543,51581],{},[40,82545,82547],{"className":42,"code":82546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82548,82549,82577],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82550,82551,82554,82556,82558,82560,82562,82565,82567,82570,82572,82575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82552,82553],{"class":55},"prices ",[49,82555,60],{"class":59},[49,82557,3296],{"class":63},[49,82559,39894],{"class":80},[49,82561,84],{"class":63},[49,82563,82564],{"class":80}," 5.50",[49,82566,84],{"class":63},[49,82568,82569],{"class":80}," 12.75",[49,82571,84],{"class":63},[49,82573,82574],{"class":80}," 29.00",[49,82576,3309],{"class":63},[49,82578,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587,82590],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82580,123],{"class":122},[49,82582,126],{"class":63},[49,82584,82145],{"class":122},[49,82586,126],{"class":63},[49,82588,82589],{"class":112},"prices",[49,82591,1436],{"class":63},[20,82593,573],{},[40,82595,82597],{"className":42,"code":82596,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"29.0\n",[15,82598,82599],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82600,82601],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82602,82596],{"class":80},[20,82604,82605,82606,82608,82609,109],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82607,82086],{}," is simpler than ",[72,82610,82611],{"href":74026},[15,82612,73929],{},[35,82614,8092,82616,82618],{"id":82615},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82617,82086],{}," with separate values",[20,82620,82621],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[40,82623,82625],{"className":42,"code":82624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82626,82627],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82628,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82630,123],{"class":122},[49,82632,126],{"class":63},[49,82634,82145],{"class":122},[49,82636,126],{"class":63},[49,82638,2174],{"class":80},[49,82640,84],{"class":63},[49,82642,30431],{"class":80},[49,82644,84],{"class":63},[49,82646,5666],{"class":80},[49,82648,1436],{"class":63},[20,82650,573],{},[40,82652,82653],{"className":42,"code":1894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,82654,82655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82656,82657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82658,1894],{"class":80},[20,82660,82661],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82663,82664],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[40,82666,82668],{"className":42,"code":82667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82669,82670,82679,82687,82697,82701,82724],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82671,82672,82674,82676],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82673,2224],{"class":55},[49,82675,60],{"class":59},[49,82677,82678],{"class":80}," 15\n",[49,82680,82681,82683,82685],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82682,2252],{"class":55},[49,82684,60],{"class":59},[49,82686,2439],{"class":80},[49,82688,82689,82692,82694],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,82690,82691],{"class":55},"c ",[49,82693,60],{"class":59},[49,82695,82696],{"class":80}," 27\n",[49,82698,82699],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,82700,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,82702,82703,82706,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,82704,82705],{"class":55},"largest ",[49,82707,60],{"class":59},[49,82709,82492],{"class":122},[49,82711,126],{"class":63},[49,82713,72],{"class":112},[49,82715,84],{"class":63},[49,82717,2229],{"class":112},[49,82719,84],{"class":63},[49,82721,9348],{"class":112},[49,82723,335],{"class":63},[49,82725,82726,82728,82730,82733],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,82727,123],{"class":122},[49,82729,126],{"class":63},[49,82731,82732],{"class":112},"largest",[49,82734,335],{"class":63},[20,82736,573],{},[40,82738,82739],{"className":42,"code":46111,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,82740,82741],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82742,82743],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82744,46111],{"class":80},[20,82746,82747],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[35,82749,8092,82751,46558],{"id":82750},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82752,82086],{},[20,82754,82755,82757],{},[15,82756,82086],{}," can compare strings too.",[40,82759,82761],{"className":42,"code":82760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82762,82763,82795],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82764,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82766,3742],{"class":55},[49,82768,60],{"class":59},[49,82770,3296],{"class":63},[49,82772,68],{"class":67},[49,82774,3751],{"class":71},[49,82776,68],{"class":67},[49,82778,84],{"class":63},[49,82780,87],{"class":67},[49,82782,3760],{"class":71},[49,82784,68],{"class":67},[49,82786,84],{"class":63},[49,82788,87],{"class":67},[49,82790,78249],{"class":71},[49,82792,68],{"class":67},[49,82794,3309],{"class":63},[49,82796,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82798,123],{"class":122},[49,82800,126],{"class":63},[49,82802,82145],{"class":122},[49,82804,126],{"class":63},[49,82806,3786],{"class":112},[49,82808,1436],{"class":63},[20,82810,573],{},[40,82812,82813],{"className":42,"code":82251,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,82814,82815],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82816,82817],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82818,82251],{"class":55},[20,82820,82821],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82823,67788],{},[155,82825,82826,82835,82838],{},[158,82827,82828,82831,82832,82834],{},[15,82829,82830],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82833,64779],{}," alphabetically",[158,82836,82837],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[158,82839,82840],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82842,1244],{},[40,82844,82846],{"className":42,"code":82845,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82847,82848,82881],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82849,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877,82879],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82851,3742],{"class":55},[49,82853,60],{"class":59},[49,82855,3296],{"class":63},[49,82857,68],{"class":67},[49,82859,3751],{"class":71},[49,82861,68],{"class":67},[49,82863,84],{"class":63},[49,82865,87],{"class":67},[49,82867,82868],{"class":71},"Banana",[49,82870,68],{"class":67},[49,82872,84],{"class":63},[49,82874,87],{"class":67},[49,82876,78249],{"class":71},[49,82878,68],{"class":67},[49,82880,3309],{"class":63},[49,82882,82883,82885,82887,82889,82891,82893],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82884,123],{"class":122},[49,82886,126],{"class":63},[49,82888,82145],{"class":122},[49,82890,126],{"class":63},[49,82892,3786],{"class":112},[49,82894,1436],{"class":63},[20,82896,82897],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82899,82900,82901,82903],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82902,14320],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[35,82905,36106,82906,36109],{"id":78207},[15,82907,14320],{},[20,82909,150,82910,82912],{},[15,82911,14320],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82914,82915],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[591,82917,82919],{"id":82918},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[40,82921,82923],{"className":42,"code":82922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82924,82925,82957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82926,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82928,3742],{"class":55},[49,82930,60],{"class":59},[49,82932,3296],{"class":63},[49,82934,68],{"class":67},[49,82936,36541],{"class":71},[49,82938,68],{"class":67},[49,82940,84],{"class":63},[49,82942,87],{"class":67},[49,82944,67831],{"class":71},[49,82946,68],{"class":67},[49,82948,84],{"class":63},[49,82950,87],{"class":67},[49,82952,57630],{"class":71},[49,82954,68],{"class":67},[49,82956,3309],{"class":63},[49,82958,82959,82961,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,82960,123],{"class":122},[49,82962,126],{"class":63},[49,82964,82145],{"class":122},[49,82966,126],{"class":63},[49,82968,3786],{"class":112},[49,82970,84],{"class":63},[49,82972,21063],{"class":8847},[49,82974,60],{"class":59},[49,82976,10824],{"class":122},[49,82978,1436],{"class":63},[20,82980,573],{},[40,82982,82984],{"className":42,"code":82983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"elephant\n",[15,82985,82986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82987,82988],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82989,82983],{"class":55},[20,82991,20254,82992,82995],{},[15,82993,82994],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82997,82998,82999,33118,83001,109],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83000,41858],{},[72,83002,83003,5455],{"href":41855},[15,83004,41858],{},[591,83006,83008],{"id":83007},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[40,83010,83012],{"className":42,"code":83011,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83013,83014,83046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83015,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83017,3742],{"class":55},[49,83019,60],{"class":59},[49,83021,3296],{"class":63},[49,83023,68],{"class":67},[49,83025,3751],{"class":71},[49,83027,68],{"class":67},[49,83029,84],{"class":63},[49,83031,87],{"class":67},[49,83033,82868],{"class":71},[49,83035,68],{"class":67},[49,83037,84],{"class":63},[49,83039,87],{"class":67},[49,83041,78249],{"class":71},[49,83043,68],{"class":67},[49,83045,3309],{"class":63},[49,83047,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83049,123],{"class":122},[49,83051,126],{"class":63},[49,83053,82145],{"class":122},[49,83055,126],{"class":63},[49,83057,3786],{"class":112},[49,83059,84],{"class":63},[49,83061,21063],{"class":8847},[49,83063,60],{"class":59},[49,83065,3114],{"class":1428},[49,83067,109],{"class":63},[49,83069,8315],{"class":24235},[49,83071,1436],{"class":63},[20,83073,573],{},[40,83075,83076],{"className":42,"code":82251,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83077,83078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83079,83080],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83081,82251],{"class":55},[20,83083,20254,83084,83086],{},[15,83085,78203],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[591,83088,83090],{"id":83089},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83092,83093,83094,77],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83095,37154],{},[40,83097,83099],{"className":42,"code":83098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83100,83101,83144],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83102,83103,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83122,83124,83126,83128,83131,83133,83135,83137,83140,83142],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83104,7451],{"class":55},[49,83106,60],{"class":59},[49,83108,3296],{"class":63},[49,83110,68],{"class":67},[49,83112,72],{"class":71},[49,83114,68],{"class":67},[49,83116,84],{"class":63},[49,83118,87],{"class":67},[49,83120,83121],{"class":71},"bb",[49,83123,68],{"class":67},[49,83125,84],{"class":63},[49,83127,87],{"class":67},[49,83129,83130],{"class":71},"cccc",[49,83132,68],{"class":67},[49,83134,84],{"class":63},[49,83136,87],{"class":67},[49,83138,83139],{"class":71},"ddd",[49,83141,68],{"class":67},[49,83143,3309],{"class":63},[49,83145,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166,83168,83170,83172,83174],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83147,123],{"class":122},[49,83149,126],{"class":63},[49,83151,82145],{"class":122},[49,83153,126],{"class":63},[49,83155,7482],{"class":112},[49,83157,84],{"class":63},[49,83159,21063],{"class":8847},[49,83161,60],{"class":59},[49,83163,37154],{"class":1734},[49,83165,42339],{"class":37157},[49,83167,77],{"class":63},[49,83169,37881],{"class":122},[49,83171,126],{"class":63},[49,83173,34199],{"class":112},[49,83175,2582],{"class":63},[20,83177,573],{},[40,83179,83181],{"className":42,"code":83180,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cccc\n",[15,83182,83183],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83184,83185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83186,83180],{"class":55},[20,83188,49050,83189,1017,83191,83193],{},[15,83190,82994],{},[15,83192,78090],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[35,83195,36106,83197,36109],{"id":83196},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83198,82441],{},[20,83200,150,83201,83203],{},[15,83202,82441],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83205,83206],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[40,83208,83210],{"className":42,"code":83209,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83211,83212,83220],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83213,83214,83216,83218],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83215,3291],{"class":55},[49,83217,60],{"class":59},[49,83219,7511],{"class":63},[49,83221,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83223,123],{"class":122},[49,83225,126],{"class":63},[49,83227,82145],{"class":122},[49,83229,126],{"class":63},[49,83231,3323],{"class":112},[49,83233,84],{"class":63},[49,83235,26009],{"class":8847},[49,83237,60],{"class":59},[49,83239,1790],{"class":80},[49,83241,1436],{"class":63},[20,83243,573],{},[40,83245,83246],{"className":42,"code":46751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83247,83248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83249,83250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83251,46751],{"class":80},[20,83253,83254],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83256,83257,83258,83260],{},"Without ",[15,83259,82441],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83262,51581],{},[40,83264,83266],{"className":42,"code":83265,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83267,83268,83276,83303],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83269,83270,83272,83274],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83271,3742],{"class":55},[49,83273,60],{"class":59},[49,83275,7511],{"class":63},[49,83277,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83299,83301],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83279,534],{"class":55},[49,83281,60],{"class":59},[49,83283,82492],{"class":122},[49,83285,126],{"class":63},[49,83287,3786],{"class":112},[49,83289,84],{"class":63},[49,83291,26009],{"class":8847},[49,83293,60],{"class":59},[49,83295,68],{"class":67},[49,83297,83298],{"class":71},"no words found",[49,83300,68],{"class":67},[49,83302,335],{"class":63},[49,83304,83305,83307,83309,83311],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,83306,123],{"class":122},[49,83308,126],{"class":63},[49,83310,558],{"class":112},[49,83312,335],{"class":63},[20,83314,573],{},[40,83316,83318],{"className":42,"code":83317,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"no words found\n",[15,83319,83320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83321,83322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83323,83317],{"class":55},[20,83325,83326],{},"Important:",[155,83328,83329,83337],{},[158,83330,83331,83333,83334],{},[15,83332,82441],{}," works with ",[15,83335,83336],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[158,83338,40402,83339,83341,83342],{},[30,83340,600],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83343,83344],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[35,83346,47486],{"id":47485},[20,83348,83349,83350,109],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83351,82086],{},[591,83353,83355,83357],{"id":83354},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83356,40200],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83359,83360,83361,45407,83363,109],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83362,82441],{},[15,83364,40200],{},[40,83366,83368],{"className":42,"code":83367,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83369,83370,83378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83371,83372,83374,83376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83373,3291],{"class":55},[49,83375,60],{"class":59},[49,83377,7511],{"class":63},[49,83379,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83381,123],{"class":122},[49,83383,126],{"class":63},[49,83385,82145],{"class":122},[49,83387,126],{"class":63},[49,83389,3323],{"class":112},[49,83391,1436],{"class":63},[20,83393,29168],{},[40,83395,83397],{"className":42,"code":83396,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83398,83399],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83400,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83412,83414],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83402,40200],{"class":1428},[49,83404,77],{"class":63},[49,83406,82492],{"class":122},[49,83408,7037],{"class":63},[49,83410,83411],{"class":55}," arg ",[49,83413,974],{"class":59},[49,83415,83416],{"class":55}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83418,83419,83420,77],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83421,82441],{},[40,83423,83425],{"className":42,"code":83424,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83426,83427,83435],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83428,83429,83431,83433],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83430,3291],{"class":55},[49,83432,60],{"class":59},[49,83434,7511],{"class":63},[49,83436,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83438,123],{"class":122},[49,83440,126],{"class":63},[49,83442,82145],{"class":122},[49,83444,126],{"class":63},[49,83446,3323],{"class":112},[49,83448,84],{"class":63},[49,83450,26009],{"class":8847},[49,83452,60],{"class":59},[49,83454,169],{"class":583},[49,83456,1436],{"class":63},[20,83458,83459,83460,109],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[72,83461,65344],{"href":72383},[591,83463,83465,83467],{"id":83464},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83466,2676],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83469,83470,83471,109],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83472,2676],{},[40,83474,83476],{"className":42,"code":83475,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83477,83478,83502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83479,83480,83482,83484,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83481,7451],{"class":55},[49,83483,60],{"class":59},[49,83485,3296],{"class":63},[49,83487,1999],{"class":80},[49,83489,84],{"class":63},[49,83491,87],{"class":67},[49,83493,15234],{"class":71},[49,83495,68],{"class":67},[49,83497,84],{"class":63},[49,83499,7467],{"class":80},[49,83501,3309],{"class":63},[49,83503,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512,83514],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83505,123],{"class":122},[49,83507,126],{"class":63},[49,83509,82145],{"class":122},[49,83511,126],{"class":63},[49,83513,7482],{"class":112},[49,83515,1436],{"class":63},[20,83517,83518],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83520,83521],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[40,83523,83525],{"className":42,"code":83524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83526,83527,83547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83528,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83530,7451],{"class":55},[49,83532,60],{"class":59},[49,83534,3296],{"class":63},[49,83536,1999],{"class":80},[49,83538,84],{"class":63},[49,83540,7462],{"class":80},[49,83542,84],{"class":63},[49,83544,7467],{"class":80},[49,83546,3309],{"class":63},[49,83548,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83550,123],{"class":122},[49,83552,126],{"class":63},[49,83554,82145],{"class":122},[49,83556,126],{"class":63},[49,83558,7482],{"class":112},[49,83560,1436],{"class":63},[20,83562,83563,83564,109],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[72,83565,83567],{"href":83566},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[591,83569,83571,83573],{"id":83570},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83572,2676],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83575,83576,83578],{},[15,83577,82086],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[40,83580,83582],{"className":42,"code":83581,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(max())\n",[15,83583,83584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83585,83586,83588,83590,83592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83587,123],{"class":122},[49,83589,126],{"class":63},[49,83591,82145],{"class":122},[49,83593,6865],{"class":63},[20,83595,2673,83596,109],{},[15,83597,2676],{},[35,83599,83601,10249,83603],{"id":83600},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83602,82086],{},[15,83604,73929],{},[20,83606,83607],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83609,83610,77],{},[15,83611,82086],{},[155,83613,83614],{},[158,83615,83616],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83618,83619,77],{},[15,83620,73929],{},[155,83622,83623],{},[158,83624,83625],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83627,1244],{},[40,83629,83631],{"className":42,"code":83630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83632,83633,83657,83661,83675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83634,83635,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83636,3291],{"class":55},[49,83638,60],{"class":59},[49,83640,3296],{"class":63},[49,83642,1731],{"class":80},[49,83644,84],{"class":63},[49,83646,6033],{"class":80},[49,83648,84],{"class":63},[49,83650,97],{"class":80},[49,83652,84],{"class":63},[49,83654,4279],{"class":80},[49,83656,3309],{"class":63},[49,83658,83659],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83660,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,83662,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,83664,123],{"class":122},[49,83666,126],{"class":63},[49,83668,82145],{"class":122},[49,83670,126],{"class":63},[49,83672,3323],{"class":112},[49,83674,1436],{"class":63},[49,83676,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,83678,123],{"class":122},[49,83680,126],{"class":63},[49,83682,74019],{"class":122},[49,83684,126],{"class":63},[49,83686,3323],{"class":112},[49,83688,1436],{"class":63},[20,83690,573],{},[40,83692,83694],{"className":42,"code":83693,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83695,83696,83700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83697,83698],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83699,2050],{"class":80},[49,83701,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83703,3573],{"class":63},[49,83705,1725],{"class":80},[49,83707,84],{"class":63},[49,83709,2120],{"class":80},[49,83711,84],{"class":63},[49,83713,4279],{"class":80},[49,83715,84],{"class":63},[49,83717,6033],{"class":80},[49,83719,3309],{"class":63},[20,83721,1762,83722,83724],{},[15,83723,82086],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83726,1762,83727,83731],{},[72,83728,83729],{"href":74026},[15,83730,73929],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83733,83734,83735,109],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[72,83736,83738],{"href":83737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83739,83740],{},"min()",[35,83742,1376],{"id":1375},[20,83744,83745],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[155,83747,83748,83755,83758,83763,83766],{},[158,83749,29137,83750,83752,83753],{},[15,83751,82086],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83754,82441],{},[158,83756,83757],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[158,83759,1392,83760,83762],{},[15,83761,82086],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[158,83764,83765],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[158,83767,8092,83768,83770],{},[15,83769,82441],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83772,10775],{},[40,83774,83776],{"className":42,"code":83775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83777,83778,83788,83802,83816,83830,83852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83779,83780,83782,83784,83786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83781,123],{"class":122},[49,83783,126],{"class":63},[49,83785,7482],{"class":112},[49,83787,335],{"class":63},[49,83789,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83791,123],{"class":122},[49,83793,126],{"class":63},[49,83795,1429],{"class":1428},[49,83797,126],{"class":63},[49,83799,7482],{"class":112},[49,83801,1436],{"class":63},[49,83803,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,83805,123],{"class":122},[49,83807,126],{"class":63},[49,83809,10824],{"class":122},[49,83811,126],{"class":63},[49,83813,7482],{"class":112},[49,83815,1436],{"class":63},[49,83817,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,83819,123],{"class":122},[49,83821,126],{"class":63},[49,83823,82145],{"class":122},[49,83825,126],{"class":63},[49,83827,7482],{"class":112},[49,83829,1436],{"class":63},[49,83831,83832,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,83833,123],{"class":122},[49,83835,126],{"class":63},[49,83837,82145],{"class":122},[49,83839,126],{"class":63},[49,83841,7482],{"class":112},[49,83843,84],{"class":63},[49,83845,26009],{"class":8847},[49,83847,60],{"class":59},[49,83849,169],{"class":583},[49,83851,1436],{"class":63},[49,83853,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,83855,123],{"class":122},[49,83857,2656],{"class":63},[49,83859,1429],{"class":1428},[49,83861,126],{"class":63},[49,83863,504],{"class":112},[49,83865,131],{"class":63},[49,83867,3549],{"class":973},[49,83869,3552],{"class":112},[49,83871,3555],{"class":973},[49,83873,5638],{"class":112},[49,83875,3561],{"class":63},[20,83877,83878],{},"These are useful for checking:",[155,83880,83881,83886,83891,83894],{},[158,83882,83883,83884],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83885,7482],{},[158,83887,79256,83888,83890],{},[15,83889,7482],{}," is a list or some other type",[158,83892,83893],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[158,83895,83896],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83898,68852,83899,83902,83903,83905],{},[15,83900,83901],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83904,7482],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[35,83907,1498],{"id":1497},[591,83909,1512,83911,4818],{"id":83910},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83912,82086],{},[20,83914,83915],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[591,83917,4842,83919,83921],{"id":83918},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83920,82086],{}," work with strings?",[20,83923,83924],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[591,83926,71151],{"id":71150},[20,83928,83929,51996,83931,83933,83934,83936],{},[15,83930,82086],{},[15,83932,40200],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83935,82441],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[591,83938,83940,83941,1529],{"id":83939},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83942,82086],{},[20,83944,1762,83945,77],{},[15,83946,82994],{},[40,83948,83949],{"className":42,"code":82922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83950,83951,83983],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83952,83953,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83954,3742],{"class":55},[49,83956,60],{"class":59},[49,83958,3296],{"class":63},[49,83960,68],{"class":67},[49,83962,36541],{"class":71},[49,83964,68],{"class":67},[49,83966,84],{"class":63},[49,83968,87],{"class":67},[49,83970,67831],{"class":71},[49,83972,68],{"class":67},[49,83974,84],{"class":63},[49,83976,87],{"class":67},[49,83978,57630],{"class":71},[49,83980,68],{"class":67},[49,83982,3309],{"class":63},[49,83984,83985,83987,83989,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,83986,123],{"class":122},[49,83988,126],{"class":63},[49,83990,82145],{"class":122},[49,83992,126],{"class":63},[49,83994,3786],{"class":112},[49,83996,84],{"class":63},[49,83998,21063],{"class":8847},[49,84000,60],{"class":59},[49,84002,10824],{"class":122},[49,84004,1436],{"class":63},[591,84006,1524,84008,1017,84010,1529],{"id":84007},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84009,82086],{},[15,84011,73929],{},[20,84013,84014,84016,84017,84019],{},[15,84015,82086],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84018,73929],{}," returns all items in order.",[35,84021,1550],{"id":1549},[155,84023,84024,84030,84036,84042,84046,84050],{},[158,84025,84026],{},[72,84027,84028,3180],{"href":83737},[15,84029,83740],{},[158,84031,84032],{},[72,84033,84034,3180],{"href":74026},[15,84035,73929],{},[158,84037,84038],{},[72,84039,84040,3180],{"href":41855},[15,84041,41858],{},[158,84043,84044],{},[72,84045,58459],{"href":58458},[158,84047,84048],{},[72,84049,65344],{"href":72383},[158,84051,84052],{},[72,84053,83567],{"href":83566},[1597,84055,84056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":84058},[84059,84060,84062,84063,84065,84067,84069,84074,84076,84084,84086,84087,84098],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":82276,"depth":103,"text":84061},"What max() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":82445,"depth":103,"text":84064},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82615,"depth":103,"text":84066},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82750,"depth":103,"text":84068},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78207,"depth":103,"text":79405,"children":84070},[84071,84072,84073],{"id":82918,"depth":119,"text":82919},{"id":83007,"depth":119,"text":83008},{"id":83089,"depth":119,"text":83090},{"id":83196,"depth":103,"text":84075},"Using the default argument",{"id":47485,"depth":103,"text":47486,"children":84077},[84078,84080,84082],{"id":83354,"depth":119,"text":84079},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83464,"depth":119,"text":84081},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83570,"depth":119,"text":84083},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83600,"depth":103,"text":84085},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":84088},[84089,84091,84093,84094,84096],{"id":83910,"depth":119,"text":84090},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83918,"depth":119,"text":84092},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71150,"depth":119,"text":71151},{"id":83939,"depth":119,"text":84095},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84007,"depth":119,"text":84097},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82078,"description":84099},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84106,"title":84107,"body":84108,"description":86062,"extension":1632,"meta":86063,"navigation":312,"path":86064,"seo":86065,"stem":86066,"__hash__":86067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84109,"toc":86019},[84110,84115,84120,84126,84128,84202,84204,84217,84222,84227,84243,84247,84252,84328,84334,84337,84380,84382,84390,84396,84399,84430,84432,84440,84446,84451,84510,84512,84521,84524,84534,84540,84545,84580,84582,84590,84596,84602,84607,84651,84653,84662,84665,84705,84707,84716,84719,84731,84736,84741,84792,84794,84803,84806,84857,84859,84868,84871,84878,84884,84889,84891,84906,84910,84970,84972,84981,84985,85157,85159,85196,85203,85209,85212,85239,85241,85262,85267,85302,85304,85312,85315,85318,85334,85339,85341,85345,85351,85355,85382,85385,85395,85435,85439,85442,85485,85487,85496,85499,85504,85573,85575,85583,85588,85592,85595,85646,85648,85656,85659,85722,85724,85732,85735,85740,85744,85757,85764,85772,85774,85776,85806,85812,85913,85923,85925,85930,85933,85938,85941,85943,85951,85959,85967,85974,85982,85984,86016],[10,84111,3247,84113,3251],{"id":84112},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84114,83740],{},[20,84116,84117,84119],{},[15,84118,83740],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84121,84122,84123,84125],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84124,83740],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[35,84127,38],{"id":37},[40,84129,84131],{"className":42,"code":84130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84132,84133,84157,84172,84176],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84134,84135,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84136,3291],{"class":55},[49,84138,60],{"class":59},[49,84140,3296],{"class":63},[49,84142,1807],{"class":80},[49,84144,84],{"class":63},[49,84146,97],{"class":80},[49,84148,84],{"class":63},[49,84150,53638],{"class":80},[49,84152,84],{"class":63},[49,84154,81],{"class":80},[49,84156,3309],{"class":63},[49,84158,84159,84161,84163,84166,84168,84170],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84160,123],{"class":122},[49,84162,126],{"class":63},[49,84164,84165],{"class":122},"min",[49,84167,126],{"class":63},[49,84169,3323],{"class":112},[49,84171,1436],{"class":63},[49,84173,84174],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,84175,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,84177,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192,84194,84196,84198,84200],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,84179,123],{"class":122},[49,84181,126],{"class":63},[49,84183,84165],{"class":122},[49,84185,126],{"class":63},[49,84187,1807],{"class":80},[49,84189,84],{"class":63},[49,84191,97],{"class":80},[49,84193,84],{"class":63},[49,84195,53638],{"class":80},[49,84197,84],{"class":63},[49,84199,81],{"class":80},[49,84201,1436],{"class":63},[20,84203,573],{},[40,84205,84207],{"className":42,"code":84206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n1\n",[15,84208,84209,84213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84210,84211],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84212,46416],{"class":80},[49,84214,84215],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84216,46416],{"class":80},[20,84218,1762,84219,84221],{},[15,84220,83740],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[35,84223,144,84225,147],{"id":84224},"what-min-does",[15,84226,83740],{},[155,84228,84229,84234,84237,84240],{},[158,84230,84231,84233],{},[15,84232,83740],{}," returns the smallest item",[158,84235,84236],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[158,84238,84239],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[158,84241,84242],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[35,84244,84246],{"id":84245},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84248,84249,84250,77],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84251,83740],{},[40,84253,84255],{"className":42,"code":84254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84256,84257,84267,84292,84310],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84258,84259,84261,84263,84265],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84260,84165],{"class":122},[49,84262,126],{"class":63},[49,84264,3394],{"class":112},[49,84266,335],{"class":63},[49,84268,84269,84271,84273,84276,84278,84281,84283,84286,84288,84290],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84270,84165],{"class":122},[49,84272,126],{"class":63},[49,84274,84275],{"class":112},"value1",[49,84277,84],{"class":63},[49,84279,84280],{"class":112}," value2",[49,84282,84],{"class":63},[49,84284,84285],{"class":112}," value3",[49,84287,84],{"class":63},[49,84289,33944],{"class":122},[49,84291,335],{"class":63},[49,84293,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,84295,84165],{"class":122},[49,84297,126],{"class":63},[49,84299,3394],{"class":112},[49,84301,84],{"class":63},[49,84303,21063],{"class":8847},[49,84305,60],{"class":59},[49,84307,36865],{"class":122},[49,84309,335],{"class":63},[49,84311,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,84313,84165],{"class":122},[49,84315,126],{"class":63},[49,84317,3394],{"class":112},[49,84319,84],{"class":63},[49,84321,26009],{"class":8847},[49,84323,60],{"class":59},[49,84325,36865],{"class":122},[49,84327,335],{"class":63},[591,84329,84331],{"id":84330},"miniterable",[15,84332,84333],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84335,84336],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[40,84338,84340],{"className":42,"code":84339,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84341,84342,84366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84343,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84345,3291],{"class":55},[49,84347,60],{"class":59},[49,84349,3296],{"class":63},[49,84351,2014],{"class":80},[49,84353,84],{"class":63},[49,84355,2120],{"class":80},[49,84357,84],{"class":63},[49,84359,30431],{"class":80},[49,84361,84],{"class":63},[49,84363,81],{"class":80},[49,84365,3309],{"class":63},[49,84367,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84369,123],{"class":122},[49,84371,126],{"class":63},[49,84373,84165],{"class":122},[49,84375,126],{"class":63},[49,84377,3323],{"class":112},[49,84379,1436],{"class":63},[20,84381,573],{},[40,84383,84384],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84385,84386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84387,84388],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84389,46416],{"class":80},[591,84391,84393],{"id":84392},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84394,84395],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84397,84398],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[40,84400,84402],{"className":42,"code":84401,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84403,84404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84405,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84407,123],{"class":122},[49,84409,126],{"class":63},[49,84411,84165],{"class":122},[49,84413,126],{"class":63},[49,84415,2014],{"class":80},[49,84417,84],{"class":63},[49,84419,2120],{"class":80},[49,84421,84],{"class":63},[49,84423,30431],{"class":80},[49,84425,84],{"class":63},[49,84427,81],{"class":80},[49,84429,1436],{"class":63},[20,84431,573],{},[40,84433,84434],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84435,84436],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84437,84438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84439,46416],{"class":80},[591,84441,84443],{"id":84442},"miniterable-key",[15,84444,84445],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84447,1762,84448,84450],{},[15,84449,14320],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[40,84452,84454],{"className":42,"code":84453,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84455,84456,84488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84457,84458,84460,84462,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480,84482,84484,84486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84459,3742],{"class":55},[49,84461,60],{"class":59},[49,84463,3296],{"class":63},[49,84465,68],{"class":67},[49,84467,78249],{"class":71},[49,84469,68],{"class":67},[49,84471,84],{"class":63},[49,84473,87],{"class":67},[49,84475,37836],{"class":71},[49,84477,68],{"class":67},[49,84479,84],{"class":63},[49,84481,87],{"class":67},[49,84483,3760],{"class":71},[49,84485,68],{"class":67},[49,84487,3309],{"class":63},[49,84489,84490,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84491,123],{"class":122},[49,84493,126],{"class":63},[49,84495,84165],{"class":122},[49,84497,126],{"class":63},[49,84499,3786],{"class":112},[49,84501,84],{"class":63},[49,84503,21063],{"class":8847},[49,84505,60],{"class":59},[49,84507,10824],{"class":122},[49,84509,1436],{"class":63},[20,84511,573],{},[40,84513,84515],{"className":42,"code":84514,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"kiwi\n",[15,84516,84517],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84518,84519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84520,84514],{"class":55},[20,84522,84523],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84525,84526,84527,84529,84530,109],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84528,41858],{},", see the ",[72,84531,84532,3180],{"href":41855},[15,84533,41858],{},[591,84535,84537],{"id":84536},"miniterable-default",[15,84538,84539],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84541,1762,84542,84544],{},[15,84543,82441],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[40,84546,84548],{"className":42,"code":84547,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84549,84550,84558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84551,84552,84554,84556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84553,3291],{"class":55},[49,84555,60],{"class":59},[49,84557,7511],{"class":63},[49,84559,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84561,123],{"class":122},[49,84563,126],{"class":63},[49,84565,84165],{"class":122},[49,84567,126],{"class":63},[49,84569,3323],{"class":112},[49,84571,84],{"class":63},[49,84573,26009],{"class":8847},[49,84575,60],{"class":59},[49,84577,1790],{"class":80},[49,84579,1436],{"class":63},[20,84581,573],{},[40,84583,84584],{"className":42,"code":46751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84585,84586],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84587,84588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84589,46751],{"class":80},[20,84591,84592,84593,84595],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84594,40200],{}," when there is no item to return.",[35,84597,8092,84599,84601],{"id":84598},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84600,83740],{}," with numbers",[20,84603,84604,84606],{},[15,84605,83740],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[40,84608,84610],{"className":42,"code":84609,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84611,84612,84637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84613,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84615,4737],{"class":55},[49,84617,60],{"class":59},[49,84619,3296],{"class":63},[49,84621,51006],{"class":80},[49,84623,84],{"class":63},[49,84625,84626],{"class":80}," 72",[49,84628,84],{"class":63},[49,84630,28393],{"class":80},[49,84632,84],{"class":63},[49,84634,75605],{"class":80},[49,84636,3309],{"class":63},[49,84638,84639,84641,84643,84645,84647,84649],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84640,123],{"class":122},[49,84642,126],{"class":63},[49,84644,84165],{"class":122},[49,84646,126],{"class":63},[49,84648,15869],{"class":112},[49,84650,1436],{"class":63},[20,84652,573],{},[40,84654,84656],{"className":42,"code":84655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"60\n",[15,84657,84658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84659,84660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84661,84655],{"class":80},[20,84663,84664],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[40,84666,84668],{"className":42,"code":84667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84669,84670,84691],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84671,84672,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682,84685,84687,84689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84673,82553],{"class":55},[49,84675,60],{"class":59},[49,84677,3296],{"class":63},[49,84679,39894],{"class":80},[49,84681,84],{"class":63},[49,84683,84684],{"class":80}," 5.49",[49,84686,84],{"class":63},[49,84688,82569],{"class":80},[49,84690,3309],{"class":63},[49,84692,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701,84703],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84694,123],{"class":122},[49,84696,126],{"class":63},[49,84698,84165],{"class":122},[49,84700,126],{"class":63},[49,84702,82589],{"class":112},[49,84704,1436],{"class":63},[20,84706,573],{},[40,84708,84710],{"className":42,"code":84709,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.49\n",[15,84711,84712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84713,84714],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84715,84709],{"class":80},[20,84717,84718],{},"This is useful for things like:",[155,84720,84721,84723,84725,84728],{},[158,84722,15869],{},[158,84724,82589],{},[158,84726,84727],{},"measurements",[158,84729,84730],{},"ages",[35,84732,8092,84734,46558],{"id":84733},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84735,83740],{},[20,84737,84738,84740],{},[15,84739,83740],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[40,84742,84744],{"className":42,"code":84743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84745,84746,84778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84747,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84749,3742],{"class":55},[49,84751,60],{"class":59},[49,84753,3296],{"class":63},[49,84755,68],{"class":67},[49,84757,3760],{"class":71},[49,84759,68],{"class":67},[49,84761,84],{"class":63},[49,84763,87],{"class":67},[49,84765,3751],{"class":71},[49,84767,68],{"class":67},[49,84769,84],{"class":63},[49,84771,87],{"class":67},[49,84773,3769],{"class":71},[49,84775,68],{"class":67},[49,84777,3309],{"class":63},[49,84779,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84781,123],{"class":122},[49,84783,126],{"class":63},[49,84785,84165],{"class":122},[49,84787,126],{"class":63},[49,84789,3786],{"class":112},[49,84791,1436],{"class":63},[20,84793,573],{},[40,84795,84797],{"className":42,"code":84796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apple\n",[15,84798,84799],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84800,84801],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84802,84796],{"class":55},[20,84804,84805],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[40,84807,84809],{"className":42,"code":84808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84810,84811,84843],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84812,84813,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84814,3742],{"class":55},[49,84816,60],{"class":59},[49,84818,3296],{"class":63},[49,84820,68],{"class":67},[49,84822,3760],{"class":71},[49,84824,68],{"class":67},[49,84826,84],{"class":63},[49,84828,87],{"class":67},[49,84830,57271],{"class":71},[49,84832,68],{"class":67},[49,84834,84],{"class":63},[49,84836,87],{"class":67},[49,84838,3769],{"class":71},[49,84840,68],{"class":67},[49,84842,3309],{"class":63},[49,84844,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84846,123],{"class":122},[49,84848,126],{"class":63},[49,84850,84165],{"class":122},[49,84852,126],{"class":63},[49,84854,3786],{"class":112},[49,84856,1436],{"class":63},[20,84858,573],{},[40,84860,84862],{"className":42,"code":84861,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Apple\n",[15,84863,84864],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84865,84866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84867,84861],{"class":55},[20,84869,84870],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84872,84873,84874,109],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[72,84875,84876,5455],{"href":74026},[15,84877,73929],{},[35,84879,8092,84881,84883],{"id":84880},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84882,83740],{}," with a key function",[20,84885,150,84886,84888],{},[15,84887,14320],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84890,208],{},[155,84892,84893,84898,84903],{},[158,84894,84895,84897],{},[15,84896,14320],{}," changes the comparison rule",[158,84899,84900,84902],{},[15,84901,83740],{}," still returns the original item",[158,84904,84905],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[591,84907,84909],{"id":84908},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[40,84911,84913],{"className":42,"code":84912,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84914,84915,84948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84916,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84944,84946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84918,3742],{"class":55},[49,84920,60],{"class":59},[49,84922,3296],{"class":63},[49,84924,68],{"class":67},[49,84926,67831],{"class":71},[49,84928,68],{"class":67},[49,84930,84],{"class":63},[49,84932,87],{"class":67},[49,84934,36541],{"class":71},[49,84936,68],{"class":67},[49,84938,84],{"class":63},[49,84940,87],{"class":67},[49,84942,84943],{"class":71},"giraffe",[49,84945,68],{"class":67},[49,84947,3309],{"class":63},[49,84949,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,84951,123],{"class":122},[49,84953,126],{"class":63},[49,84955,84165],{"class":122},[49,84957,126],{"class":63},[49,84959,3786],{"class":112},[49,84961,84],{"class":63},[49,84963,21063],{"class":8847},[49,84965,60],{"class":59},[49,84967,10824],{"class":122},[49,84969,1436],{"class":63},[20,84971,573],{},[40,84973,84975],{"className":42,"code":84974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cat\n",[15,84976,84977],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84978,84979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84980,84974],{"class":55},[591,84982,84984],{"id":84983},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[40,84986,84988],{"className":42,"code":84987,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84989,84990,85000,85035,85067,85099,85103,85107,85146],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84991,84992,84995,84997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84993,84994],{"class":55},"students ",[49,84996,60],{"class":59},[49,84998,84999],{"class":63}," [\n",[49,85001,85002,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023,85026,85028,85030,85032],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85003,85004],{"class":63},"    {",[49,85006,68],{"class":67},[49,85008,251],{"class":71},[49,85010,68],{"class":67},[49,85012,77],{"class":63},[49,85014,87],{"class":67},[49,85016,12357],{"class":71},[49,85018,68],{"class":67},[49,85020,84],{"class":63},[49,85022,87],{"class":67},[49,85024,85025],{"class":71},"score",[49,85027,68],{"class":67},[49,85029,77],{"class":63},[49,85031,12985],{"class":80},[49,85033,85034],{"class":63},"},\n",[49,85036,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,85038,85004],{"class":63},[49,85040,68],{"class":67},[49,85042,251],{"class":71},[49,85044,68],{"class":67},[49,85046,77],{"class":63},[49,85048,87],{"class":67},[49,85050,35433],{"class":71},[49,85052,68],{"class":67},[49,85054,84],{"class":63},[49,85056,87],{"class":67},[49,85058,85025],{"class":71},[49,85060,68],{"class":67},[49,85062,77],{"class":63},[49,85064,84626],{"class":80},[49,85066,85034],{"class":63},[49,85068,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,85070,85004],{"class":63},[49,85072,68],{"class":67},[49,85074,251],{"class":71},[49,85076,68],{"class":67},[49,85078,77],{"class":63},[49,85080,87],{"class":67},[49,85082,35442],{"class":71},[49,85084,68],{"class":67},[49,85086,84],{"class":63},[49,85088,87],{"class":67},[49,85090,85025],{"class":71},[49,85092,68],{"class":67},[49,85094,77],{"class":63},[49,85096,19381],{"class":80},[49,85098,100],{"class":63},[49,85100,85101],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,85102,3309],{"class":63},[49,85104,85105],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,85106,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,85108,85109,85112,85114,85117,85119,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,85110,85111],{"class":55},"lowest ",[49,85113,60],{"class":59},[49,85115,85116],{"class":122}," min",[49,85118,126],{"class":63},[49,85120,85121],{"class":112},"students",[49,85123,84],{"class":63},[49,85125,21063],{"class":8847},[49,85127,60],{"class":59},[49,85129,37154],{"class":1734},[49,85131,12383],{"class":37157},[49,85133,77],{"class":63},[49,85135,12383],{"class":112},[49,85137,3573],{"class":63},[49,85139,68],{"class":67},[49,85141,85025],{"class":71},[49,85143,68],{"class":67},[49,85145,3561],{"class":63},[49,85147,85148,85150,85152,85155],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,85149,123],{"class":122},[49,85151,126],{"class":63},[49,85153,85154],{"class":112},"lowest",[49,85156,335],{"class":63},[20,85158,573],{},[40,85160,85162],{"className":42,"code":85161,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85163,85164],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85165,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85167,8949],{"class":63},[49,85169,397],{"class":67},[49,85171,251],{"class":71},[49,85173,397],{"class":67},[49,85175,77],{"class":63},[49,85177,406],{"class":67},[49,85179,35433],{"class":71},[49,85181,397],{"class":67},[49,85183,84],{"class":63},[49,85185,406],{"class":67},[49,85187,85025],{"class":71},[49,85189,397],{"class":67},[49,85191,77],{"class":63},[49,85193,84626],{"class":80},[49,85195,100],{"class":63},[20,85197,85198,85199,85202],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85200,85201],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[35,85204,8092,85206,85208],{"id":85205},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85207,82441],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85210,85211],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[40,85213,85215],{"className":42,"code":85214,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85216,85217,85225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85218,85219,85221,85223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85220,3291],{"class":55},[49,85222,60],{"class":59},[49,85224,7511],{"class":63},[49,85226,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85228,123],{"class":122},[49,85230,126],{"class":63},[49,85232,84165],{"class":122},[49,85234,126],{"class":63},[49,85236,3323],{"class":112},[49,85238,1436],{"class":63},[20,85240,573],{},[40,85242,85244],{"className":42,"code":85243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85245,85246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85247,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85249,40200],{"class":1428},[49,85251,77],{"class":63},[49,85253,85116],{"class":122},[49,85255,7037],{"class":63},[49,85257,83411],{"class":55},[49,85259,974],{"class":59},[49,85261,83416],{"class":55},[20,85263,85264,85265,77],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85266,82441],{},[40,85268,85270],{"className":42,"code":85269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85271,85272,85280],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85273,85274,85276,85278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85275,3291],{"class":55},[49,85277,60],{"class":59},[49,85279,7511],{"class":63},[49,85281,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85283,123],{"class":122},[49,85285,126],{"class":63},[49,85287,84165],{"class":122},[49,85289,126],{"class":63},[49,85291,3323],{"class":112},[49,85293,84],{"class":63},[49,85295,26009],{"class":8847},[49,85297,60],{"class":59},[49,85299,169],{"class":583},[49,85301,1436],{"class":63},[20,85303,573],{},[40,85305,85306],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85307,85308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85309,85310],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85311,584],{"class":583},[20,85313,85314],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85316,85317],{},"Remember:",[155,85319,85320,85328],{},[158,85321,85322,85324,85325,85327],{},[15,85323,82441],{}," works only when ",[15,85326,83740],{}," gets one iterable argument",[158,85329,85330,85331],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85332,85333],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85335,85336,85337,109],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[72,85338,65344],{"href":72383},[35,85340,10407],{"id":10406},[20,85342,56278,85343,109],{},[15,85344,83740],{},[591,85346,85348,85349],{"id":85347},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85350,82441],{},[20,85352,2673,85353,77],{},[15,85354,40200],{},[40,85356,85358],{"className":42,"code":85357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85359,85360,85368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85361,85362,85364,85366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85363,7451],{"class":55},[49,85365,60],{"class":59},[49,85367,7511],{"class":63},[49,85369,85370,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85371,123],{"class":122},[49,85373,126],{"class":63},[49,85375,84165],{"class":122},[49,85377,126],{"class":63},[49,85379,7482],{"class":112},[49,85381,1436],{"class":63},[20,85383,85384],{},"Fix it by:",[155,85386,85387,85390],{},[158,85388,85389],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[158,85391,85392,85393],{},"or using ",[15,85394,82441],{},[40,85396,85398],{"className":42,"code":85397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85399,85400,85408],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85401,85402,85404,85406],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85403,7451],{"class":55},[49,85405,60],{"class":59},[49,85407,7511],{"class":63},[49,85409,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85431,85433],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85411,123],{"class":122},[49,85413,126],{"class":63},[49,85415,84165],{"class":122},[49,85417,126],{"class":63},[49,85419,7482],{"class":112},[49,85421,84],{"class":63},[49,85423,26009],{"class":8847},[49,85425,60],{"class":59},[49,85427,68],{"class":67},[49,85429,85430],{"class":71},"no items",[49,85432,68],{"class":67},[49,85434,1436],{"class":63},[591,85436,85438],{"id":85437},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85440,85441],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[40,85443,85445],{"className":42,"code":85444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85446,85447,85471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85448,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85450,56],{"class":55},[49,85452,60],{"class":59},[49,85454,3296],{"class":63},[49,85456,1999],{"class":80},[49,85458,84],{"class":63},[49,85460,87],{"class":67},[49,85462,15234],{"class":71},[49,85464,68],{"class":67},[49,85466,84],{"class":63},[49,85468,4279],{"class":80},[49,85470,3309],{"class":63},[49,85472,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85474,123],{"class":122},[49,85476,126],{"class":63},[49,85478,84165],{"class":122},[49,85480,126],{"class":63},[49,85482,106],{"class":112},[49,85484,1436],{"class":63},[20,85486,573],{},[40,85488,85490],{"className":42,"code":85489,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError\n",[15,85491,85492],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85493,85494],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85495,85489],{"class":1428},[20,85497,85498],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85500,85501,85502,109],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85503,83740],{},[40,85505,85507],{"className":42,"code":85506,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85508,85509,85533,85559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85510,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85512,56],{"class":55},[49,85514,60],{"class":59},[49,85516,3296],{"class":63},[49,85518,1999],{"class":80},[49,85520,84],{"class":63},[49,85522,87],{"class":67},[49,85524,15234],{"class":71},[49,85526,68],{"class":67},[49,85528,84],{"class":63},[49,85530,4279],{"class":80},[49,85532,3309],{"class":63},[49,85534,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85536,3291],{"class":55},[49,85538,60],{"class":59},[49,85540,3296],{"class":63},[49,85542,1857],{"class":1428},[49,85544,126],{"class":63},[49,85546,504],{"class":112},[49,85548,131],{"class":63},[49,85550,3549],{"class":973},[49,85552,3552],{"class":55},[49,85554,3555],{"class":973},[49,85556,14045],{"class":55},[49,85558,3309],{"class":63},[49,85560,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,85562,123],{"class":122},[49,85564,126],{"class":63},[49,85566,84165],{"class":122},[49,85568,126],{"class":63},[49,85570,3323],{"class":112},[49,85572,1436],{"class":63},[20,85574,573],{},[40,85576,85577],{"className":42,"code":2617,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85578,85579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85580,85581],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85582,2617],{"class":80},[20,85584,85585,85586,109],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85587,2676],{},[591,85589,85591],{"id":85590},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85593,85594],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[40,85596,85598],{"className":42,"code":85597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85599,85600,85632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85601,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85603,3742],{"class":55},[49,85605,60],{"class":59},[49,85607,3296],{"class":63},[49,85609,68],{"class":67},[49,85611,79065],{"class":71},[49,85613,68],{"class":67},[49,85615,84],{"class":63},[49,85617,87],{"class":67},[49,85619,57271],{"class":71},[49,85621,68],{"class":67},[49,85623,84],{"class":63},[49,85625,87],{"class":67},[49,85627,79082],{"class":71},[49,85629,68],{"class":67},[49,85631,3309],{"class":63},[49,85633,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85635,123],{"class":122},[49,85637,126],{"class":63},[49,85639,84165],{"class":122},[49,85641,126],{"class":63},[49,85643,3786],{"class":112},[49,85645,1436],{"class":63},[20,85647,573],{},[40,85649,85650],{"className":42,"code":84861,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85651,85652],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85653,85654],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85655,84861],{"class":55},[20,85657,85658],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[40,85660,85662],{"className":42,"code":85661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85663,85664,85696],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85665,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85667,3742],{"class":55},[49,85669,60],{"class":59},[49,85671,3296],{"class":63},[49,85673,68],{"class":67},[49,85675,79065],{"class":71},[49,85677,68],{"class":67},[49,85679,84],{"class":63},[49,85681,87],{"class":67},[49,85683,57271],{"class":71},[49,85685,68],{"class":67},[49,85687,84],{"class":63},[49,85689,87],{"class":67},[49,85691,79082],{"class":71},[49,85693,68],{"class":67},[49,85695,3309],{"class":63},[49,85697,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85699,123],{"class":122},[49,85701,126],{"class":63},[49,85703,84165],{"class":122},[49,85705,126],{"class":63},[49,85707,3786],{"class":112},[49,85709,84],{"class":63},[49,85711,21063],{"class":8847},[49,85713,60],{"class":59},[49,85715,3114],{"class":1428},[49,85717,109],{"class":63},[49,85719,8315],{"class":24235},[49,85721,1436],{"class":63},[20,85723,573],{},[40,85725,85726],{"className":42,"code":84861,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85727,85728],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85729,85730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85731,84861],{"class":55},[20,85733,85734],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[35,85736,1223,85738],{"id":85737},"when-to-use-min",[15,85739,83740],{},[20,85741,1762,85742,10265],{},[15,85743,83740],{},[155,85745,85746,85749,85754],{},[158,85747,85748],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[158,85750,85751,85752],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85753,14320],{},[158,85755,85756],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85758,1762,85759,85763],{},[72,85760,85761],{"href":74026},[15,85762,73929],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85765,1762,85766,85771],{},[72,85767,85769],{"href":85768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85770,82086],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[35,85773,1376],{"id":1375},[20,85775,83745],{},[155,85777,85778,85786,85789,85794,85801],{},[158,85779,85780,85781,85783,85784],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85782,83740],{}," without using ",[15,85785,82441],{},[158,85787,85788],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[158,85790,1392,85791,85793],{},[15,85792,83740],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[158,85795,4378,85796,85798,85799,84902],{},[15,85797,14320],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85800,83740],{},[158,85802,8092,85803,85805],{},[15,85804,82441],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85807,85808,85809,85811],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85810,83740],{},", these quick checks can help:",[40,85813,85815],{"className":42,"code":85814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85816,85817,85831,85841,85855,85869,85891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85818,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85820,123],{"class":122},[49,85822,126],{"class":63},[49,85824,1429],{"class":1428},[49,85826,126],{"class":63},[49,85828,106],{"class":112},[49,85830,1436],{"class":63},[49,85832,85833,85835,85837,85839],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,85834,123],{"class":122},[49,85836,126],{"class":63},[49,85838,106],{"class":112},[49,85840,335],{"class":63},[49,85842,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,85844,123],{"class":122},[49,85846,126],{"class":63},[49,85848,10824],{"class":122},[49,85850,126],{"class":63},[49,85852,106],{"class":112},[49,85854,1436],{"class":63},[49,85856,85857,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,85858,123],{"class":122},[49,85860,126],{"class":63},[49,85862,84165],{"class":122},[49,85864,126],{"class":63},[49,85866,106],{"class":112},[49,85868,1436],{"class":63},[49,85870,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,85872,123],{"class":122},[49,85874,126],{"class":63},[49,85876,84165],{"class":122},[49,85878,126],{"class":63},[49,85880,106],{"class":112},[49,85882,84],{"class":63},[49,85884,26009],{"class":8847},[49,85886,60],{"class":59},[49,85888,169],{"class":583},[49,85890,1436],{"class":63},[49,85892,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,85894,123],{"class":122},[49,85896,126],{"class":63},[49,85898,84165],{"class":122},[49,85900,126],{"class":63},[49,85902,3786],{"class":112},[49,85904,84],{"class":63},[49,85906,21063],{"class":8847},[49,85908,60],{"class":59},[49,85910,10824],{"class":122},[49,85912,1436],{"class":63},[20,85914,85915,85916,85919,85920,85922],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85917,85918],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85921,106],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[35,85924,1498],{"id":1497},[591,85926,1512,85928,4818],{"id":85927},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85929,83740],{},[20,85931,85932],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[591,85934,4842,85936,83921],{"id":85935},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85937,83740],{},[20,85939,85940],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[591,85942,71151],{"id":71150},[20,85944,85945,51996,85947,83933,85949,36115],{},[15,85946,83740],{},[15,85948,40200],{},[15,85950,82441],{},[591,85952,1512,85954,85956,85957,1529],{"id":85953},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85955,14320],{}," do in ",[15,85958,83740],{},[20,85960,85961,85963,85964,85966],{},[15,85962,14320],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85965,82994],{}," compares strings by length.",[591,85968,1524,85970,1017,85972,1529],{"id":85969},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85971,83740],{},[15,85973,73929],{},[20,85975,85976,85978,85979,85981],{},[15,85977,83740],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85980,73929],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[35,85983,1550],{"id":1549},[155,85985,85986,85992,85998,86004,86008,86012],{},[158,85987,85988],{},[72,85989,85990,3180],{"href":85768},[15,85991,82086],{},[158,85993,85994],{},[72,85995,85996,3180],{"href":74026},[15,85997,73929],{},[158,85999,86000],{},[72,86001,86002,3180],{"href":41855},[15,86003,41858],{},[158,86005,86006],{},[72,86007,79378],{"href":77881},[158,86009,86010],{},[72,86011,58459],{"href":58458},[158,86013,86014],{},[72,86015,65344],{"href":72383},[1597,86017,86018],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":86020},[86021,86022,86024,86030,86032,86034,86039,86041,86047,86049,86050,86061],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":84224,"depth":103,"text":86023},"What min() does",{"id":84245,"depth":103,"text":84246,"children":86025},[86026,86027,86028,86029],{"id":84330,"depth":119,"text":84333},{"id":84392,"depth":119,"text":84395},{"id":84442,"depth":119,"text":84445},{"id":84536,"depth":119,"text":84539},{"id":84598,"depth":103,"text":86031},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84733,"depth":103,"text":86033},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84880,"depth":103,"text":86035,"children":86036},"Using min() with a key function",[86037,86038],{"id":84908,"depth":119,"text":84909},{"id":84983,"depth":119,"text":84984},{"id":85205,"depth":103,"text":86040},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10406,"depth":103,"text":10407,"children":86042},[86043,86045,86046],{"id":85347,"depth":119,"text":86044},"Empty list without default",{"id":85437,"depth":119,"text":85438},{"id":85590,"depth":119,"text":85591},{"id":85737,"depth":103,"text":86048},"When to use min()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":86051},[86052,86054,86056,86057,86059],{"id":85927,"depth":119,"text":86053},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85935,"depth":119,"text":86055},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71150,"depth":119,"text":71151},{"id":85953,"depth":119,"text":86058},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85969,"depth":119,"text":86060},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84107,"description":86062},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86069,"title":86070,"body":86071,"description":88250,"extension":1632,"meta":88251,"navigation":312,"path":88252,"seo":88253,"stem":88254,"__hash__":88255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86072,"toc":88214},[86073,86076,86082,86088,86090,86171,86180,86184,86189,86191,86236,86238,86318,86324,86326,86329,86361,86363,86381,86383,86456,86458,86477,86481,86484,86520,86522,86589,86663,86736,86741,86745,86751,86754,86771,86774,86776,86837,86839,86859,86865,86869,86872,86942,86945,86964,86969,87045,87048,87052,87058,87062,87067,87137,87141,87146,87220,87224,87227,87302,87313,87317,87322,87412,87417,87485,87488,87507,87518,87522,87525,87530,87533,87595,87598,87609,87614,87617,87620,87625,87628,87631,87635,87638,87644,87647,87658,87660,87722,87737,87743,87746,87749,87760,87771,87777,87780,87782,87844,87854,87860,87865,87871,87875,87881,87884,87905,87907,87912,87939,87942,87969,87972,88011,88014,88052,88055,88116,88119,88121,88125,88128,88132,88138,88146,88154,88158,88161,88165,88171,88173,88211],[10,86074,86070],{"id":86075},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86077,86078,86081],{},[15,86079,86080],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86083,86084,86085,86087],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86086,86080],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[35,86089,38],{"id":37},[40,86091,86093],{"className":42,"code":86092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86094,86095,86144,86160],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86096,86097,86100,86103,86105,86107,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86125,86127,86129,86132,86134,86136,86138,86142],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86098,86099],{"class":973},"with",[49,86101,86102],{"class":122}," open",[49,86104,126],{"class":63},[49,86106,68],{"class":67},[49,86108,86109],{"class":71},"example.txt",[49,86111,68],{"class":67},[49,86113,84],{"class":63},[49,86115,87],{"class":67},[49,86117,60009],{"class":71},[49,86119,68],{"class":67},[49,86121,84],{"class":63},[49,86123,86124],{"class":8847}," encoding",[49,86126,60],{"class":59},[49,86128,68],{"class":67},[49,86130,86131],{"class":71},"utf-8",[49,86133,68],{"class":67},[49,86135,131],{"class":63},[49,86137,46857],{"class":973},[49,86139,86141],{"class":86140},"sMMDD"," file",[49,86143,6067],{"class":63},[49,86145,86146,86149,86151,86153,86155,86158],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,86147,86148],{"class":55},"    content ",[49,86150,60],{"class":59},[49,86152,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86154,109],{"class":63},[49,86156,86157],{"class":112},"read",[49,86159,116],{"class":63},[49,86161,86162,86164,86166,86169],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,86163,7742],{"class":122},[49,86165,126],{"class":63},[49,86167,86168],{"class":112},"content",[49,86170,335],{"class":63},[20,86172,1762,86173,86175,86176,86179],{},[15,86174,86099],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86177,86178],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[35,86181,86183],{"id":86182},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86185,86186,86188],{},[15,86187,86080],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86190,208],{},[155,86192,86193,86196,86201,86206],{},[158,86194,86195],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[158,86197,40402,86198,86200],{},[30,86199,600],{}," read or write anything by itself",[158,86202,16903,86203],{},[30,86204,86205],{},"file object",[158,86207,86208,86209],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[155,86210,86211,86216,86221,86226,86231],{},[158,86212,86213],{},[15,86214,86215],{},"read()",[158,86217,86218],{},[15,86219,86220],{},"readline()",[158,86222,86223],{},[15,86224,86225],{},"readlines()",[158,86227,86228],{},[15,86229,86230],{},"write()",[158,86232,86233],{},[15,86234,86235],{},"close()",[20,86237,1244],{},[40,86239,86241],{"className":42,"code":86240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86242,86243,86282,86297,86307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86244,86245,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86246,86247],{"class":86140},"file",[49,86249,12754],{"class":59},[49,86251,86102],{"class":122},[49,86253,126],{"class":63},[49,86255,68],{"class":67},[49,86257,86109],{"class":71},[49,86259,68],{"class":67},[49,86261,84],{"class":63},[49,86263,87],{"class":67},[49,86265,60009],{"class":71},[49,86267,68],{"class":67},[49,86269,84],{"class":63},[49,86271,86124],{"class":8847},[49,86273,60],{"class":59},[49,86275,68],{"class":67},[49,86277,86131],{"class":71},[49,86279,68],{"class":67},[49,86281,335],{"class":63},[49,86283,86284,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,86285,86286],{"class":55},"content ",[49,86288,60],{"class":59},[49,86290,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86292,109],{"class":63},[49,86294,86157],{"class":112},[49,86296,116],{"class":63},[49,86298,86299,86301,86303,86305],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,86300,123],{"class":122},[49,86302,126],{"class":63},[49,86304,86168],{"class":112},[49,86306,335],{"class":63},[49,86308,86309,86311,86313,86316],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,86310,86247],{"class":86140},[49,86312,109],{"class":63},[49,86314,86315],{"class":112},"close",[49,86317,116],{"class":63},[20,86319,86320,86321,86323],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86322,86099],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[35,86325,189],{"id":188},[20,86327,86328],{},"A common form is:",[40,86330,86332],{"className":42,"code":86331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86333,86334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86335,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86337,41924],{"class":122},[49,86339,126],{"class":63},[49,86341,86247],{"class":86140},[49,86343,84],{"class":63},[49,86345,86346],{"class":112}," mode",[49,86348,84],{"class":63},[49,86350,86124],{"class":8847},[49,86352,60],{"class":59},[49,86354,68],{"class":67},[49,86356,86131],{"class":71},[49,86358,68],{"class":67},[49,86360,335],{"class":63},[20,86362,64550],{},[155,86364,86365,86370,86375],{},[158,86366,86367,86369],{},[15,86368,86247],{}," is the file name or file path",[158,86371,86372,86374],{},[15,86373,20402],{}," controls how the file is opened",[158,86376,86377,86380],{},[15,86378,86379],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86382,1244],{},[40,86384,86386],{"className":42,"code":86385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86387,86388,86431,86446],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86389,86390,86392,86394,86396,86398,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86391,86099],{"class":973},[49,86393,86102],{"class":122},[49,86395,126],{"class":63},[49,86397,68],{"class":67},[49,86399,86400],{"class":71},"notes.txt",[49,86402,68],{"class":67},[49,86404,84],{"class":63},[49,86406,87],{"class":67},[49,86408,60009],{"class":71},[49,86410,68],{"class":67},[49,86412,84],{"class":63},[49,86414,86124],{"class":8847},[49,86416,60],{"class":59},[49,86418,68],{"class":67},[49,86420,86131],{"class":71},[49,86422,68],{"class":67},[49,86424,131],{"class":63},[49,86426,46857],{"class":973},[49,86428,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86430,6067],{"class":63},[49,86432,86433,86436,86438,86440,86442,86444],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,86434,86435],{"class":55},"    text ",[49,86437,60],{"class":59},[49,86439,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86441,109],{"class":63},[49,86443,86157],{"class":112},[49,86445,116],{"class":63},[49,86447,86448,86450,86452,86454],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,86449,7742],{"class":122},[49,86451,126],{"class":63},[49,86453,34199],{"class":112},[49,86455,335],{"class":63},[20,86457,19440],{},[155,86459,86460,86466,86471],{},[158,86461,86462,86465],{},[15,86463,86464],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[158,86467,86468,86470],{},[15,86469,86178],{}," means open for reading",[158,86472,86473,86476],{},[15,86474,86475],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[35,86478,86480],{"id":86479},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86482,86483],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[155,86485,86486,86491,86497,86502,86508,86514],{},[158,86487,86488,86490],{},[15,86489,86178],{}," = read a text file",[158,86492,86493,86496],{},[15,86494,86495],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[158,86498,86499,86501],{},[15,86500,17578],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[158,86503,86504,86507],{},[15,86505,86506],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[158,86509,86510,86513],{},[15,86511,86512],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[158,86515,86516,86519],{},[15,86517,86518],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86521,1796],{},[40,86523,86525],{"className":42,"code":86524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86526,86527,86532,86575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86528,86529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86530,86531],{"class":134},"# Read a text file\n",[49,86533,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,86535,86099],{"class":973},[49,86537,86102],{"class":122},[49,86539,126],{"class":63},[49,86541,68],{"class":67},[49,86543,86544],{"class":71},"data.txt",[49,86546,68],{"class":67},[49,86548,84],{"class":63},[49,86550,87],{"class":67},[49,86552,60009],{"class":71},[49,86554,68],{"class":67},[49,86556,84],{"class":63},[49,86558,86124],{"class":8847},[49,86560,60],{"class":59},[49,86562,68],{"class":67},[49,86564,86131],{"class":71},[49,86566,68],{"class":67},[49,86568,131],{"class":63},[49,86570,46857],{"class":973},[49,86572,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86574,6067],{"class":63},[49,86576,86577,86579,86581,86583,86585,86587],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,86578,7742],{"class":122},[49,86580,126],{"class":63},[49,86582,86247],{"class":86140},[49,86584,109],{"class":63},[49,86586,86157],{"class":112},[49,86588,6865],{"class":63},[40,86590,86592],{"className":42,"code":86591,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86593,86594,86599,86641],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86595,86596],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86597,86598],{"class":134},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[49,86600,86601,86603,86605,86607,86609,86611,86613,86615,86617,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637,86639],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,86602,86099],{"class":973},[49,86604,86102],{"class":122},[49,86606,126],{"class":63},[49,86608,68],{"class":67},[49,86610,86544],{"class":71},[49,86612,68],{"class":67},[49,86614,84],{"class":63},[49,86616,87],{"class":67},[49,86618,59992],{"class":71},[49,86620,68],{"class":67},[49,86622,84],{"class":63},[49,86624,86124],{"class":8847},[49,86626,60],{"class":59},[49,86628,68],{"class":67},[49,86630,86131],{"class":71},[49,86632,68],{"class":67},[49,86634,131],{"class":63},[49,86636,46857],{"class":973},[49,86638,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86640,6067],{"class":63},[49,86642,86643,86646,86648,86650,86652,86654,86656,86659,86661],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,86644,86645],{"class":86140},"    file",[49,86647,109],{"class":63},[49,86649,69700],{"class":112},[49,86651,126],{"class":63},[49,86653,68],{"class":67},[49,86655,34358],{"class":71},[49,86657,86658],{"class":33943},"\\n",[49,86660,68],{"class":67},[49,86662,335],{"class":63},[40,86664,86666],{"className":42,"code":86665,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86667,86668,86673,86715],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86669,86670],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86671,86672],{"class":134},"# Append to a text file\n",[49,86674,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,86676,86099],{"class":973},[49,86678,86102],{"class":122},[49,86680,126],{"class":63},[49,86682,68],{"class":67},[49,86684,86544],{"class":71},[49,86686,68],{"class":67},[49,86688,84],{"class":63},[49,86690,87],{"class":67},[49,86692,72],{"class":71},[49,86694,68],{"class":67},[49,86696,84],{"class":63},[49,86698,86124],{"class":8847},[49,86700,60],{"class":59},[49,86702,68],{"class":67},[49,86704,86131],{"class":71},[49,86706,68],{"class":67},[49,86708,131],{"class":63},[49,86710,46857],{"class":973},[49,86712,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86714,6067],{"class":63},[49,86716,86717,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86730,86732,86734],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,86718,86645],{"class":86140},[49,86720,109],{"class":63},[49,86722,69700],{"class":112},[49,86724,126],{"class":63},[49,86726,68],{"class":67},[49,86728,86729],{"class":71},"Another line",[49,86731,86658],{"class":33943},[49,86733,68],{"class":67},[49,86735,335],{"class":63},[20,86737,68852,86738,86740],{},[15,86739,86495],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[35,86742,86744],{"id":86743},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86746,86747,21459,86749,109],{},[15,86748,86080],{},[30,86750,86205],{},[20,86752,86753],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[155,86755,86756,86761,86766],{},[158,86757,86758],{},[15,86759,86760],{},"file.read()",[158,86762,86763],{},[15,86764,86765],{},"file.write()",[158,86767,86768],{},[15,86769,86770],{},"file.close()",[20,86772,86773],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86775,1244],{},[40,86777,86779],{"className":42,"code":86778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86780,86781,86823],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86782,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86811,86813,86815,86817,86819,86821],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86784,86099],{"class":973},[49,86786,86102],{"class":122},[49,86788,126],{"class":63},[49,86790,68],{"class":67},[49,86792,86109],{"class":71},[49,86794,68],{"class":67},[49,86796,84],{"class":63},[49,86798,87],{"class":67},[49,86800,60009],{"class":71},[49,86802,68],{"class":67},[49,86804,84],{"class":63},[49,86806,86124],{"class":8847},[49,86808,60],{"class":59},[49,86810,68],{"class":67},[49,86812,86131],{"class":71},[49,86814,68],{"class":67},[49,86816,131],{"class":63},[49,86818,46857],{"class":973},[49,86820,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86822,6067],{"class":63},[49,86824,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,86826,7742],{"class":122},[49,86828,126],{"class":63},[49,86830,1429],{"class":1428},[49,86832,126],{"class":63},[49,86834,86247],{"class":86140},[49,86836,1436],{"class":63},[20,86838,29517],{},[40,86840,86842],{"className":42,"code":86841,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86843,86844],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86845,86846,86848,86850,86852,86855,86857],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86847,2962],{"class":59},[49,86849,2965],{"class":1734},[49,86851,406],{"class":67},[49,86853,86854],{"class":71},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[49,86856,397],{"class":67},[49,86858,2974],{"class":59},[20,86860,86861,86862,86864],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86863,86080],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[35,86866,86868],{"id":86867},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86870,86871],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[40,86873,86874],{"className":42,"code":86092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,86875,86876,86918,86932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86877,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86879,86099],{"class":973},[49,86881,86102],{"class":122},[49,86883,126],{"class":63},[49,86885,68],{"class":67},[49,86887,86109],{"class":71},[49,86889,68],{"class":67},[49,86891,84],{"class":63},[49,86893,87],{"class":67},[49,86895,60009],{"class":71},[49,86897,68],{"class":67},[49,86899,84],{"class":63},[49,86901,86124],{"class":8847},[49,86903,60],{"class":59},[49,86905,68],{"class":67},[49,86907,86131],{"class":71},[49,86909,68],{"class":67},[49,86911,131],{"class":63},[49,86913,46857],{"class":973},[49,86915,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86917,6067],{"class":63},[49,86919,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,86921,86148],{"class":55},[49,86923,60],{"class":59},[49,86925,86141],{"class":86140},[49,86927,109],{"class":63},[49,86929,86157],{"class":112},[49,86931,116],{"class":63},[49,86933,86934,86936,86938,86940],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,86935,7742],{"class":122},[49,86937,126],{"class":63},[49,86939,86168],{"class":112},[49,86941,335],{"class":63},[20,86943,86944],{},"Why this is recommended:",[155,86946,86947,86952,86958,86961],{},[158,86948,86949,86951],{},[15,86950,86099],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[158,86953,86954,86955,86957],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86956,86235],{}," yourself",[158,86959,86960],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[158,86962,86963],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86965,83257,86966,86968],{},[15,86967,86099],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[40,86970,86971],{"className":42,"code":86240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,86972,86973,87011,87025,87035],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86974,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86976,86247],{"class":86140},[49,86978,12754],{"class":59},[49,86980,86102],{"class":122},[49,86982,126],{"class":63},[49,86984,68],{"class":67},[49,86986,86109],{"class":71},[49,86988,68],{"class":67},[49,86990,84],{"class":63},[49,86992,87],{"class":67},[49,86994,60009],{"class":71},[49,86996,68],{"class":67},[49,86998,84],{"class":63},[49,87000,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87002,60],{"class":59},[49,87004,68],{"class":67},[49,87006,86131],{"class":71},[49,87008,68],{"class":67},[49,87010,335],{"class":63},[49,87012,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87014,86286],{"class":55},[49,87016,60],{"class":59},[49,87018,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87020,109],{"class":63},[49,87022,86157],{"class":112},[49,87024,116],{"class":63},[49,87026,87027,87029,87031,87033],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,87028,123],{"class":122},[49,87030,126],{"class":63},[49,87032,86168],{"class":112},[49,87034,335],{"class":63},[49,87036,87037,87039,87041,87043],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,87038,86247],{"class":86140},[49,87040,109],{"class":63},[49,87042,86315],{"class":112},[49,87044,116],{"class":63},[20,87046,87047],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[35,87049,87051],{"id":87050},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87053,87054,87055,87057],{},"Use mode ",[15,87056,86178],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[591,87059,87061],{"id":87060},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87063,87064,87066],{},[15,87065,86215],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[40,87068,87069],{"className":42,"code":86092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,87070,87071,87113,87127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87072,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87074,86099],{"class":973},[49,87076,86102],{"class":122},[49,87078,126],{"class":63},[49,87080,68],{"class":67},[49,87082,86109],{"class":71},[49,87084,68],{"class":67},[49,87086,84],{"class":63},[49,87088,87],{"class":67},[49,87090,60009],{"class":71},[49,87092,68],{"class":67},[49,87094,84],{"class":63},[49,87096,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87098,60],{"class":59},[49,87100,68],{"class":67},[49,87102,86131],{"class":71},[49,87104,68],{"class":67},[49,87106,131],{"class":63},[49,87108,46857],{"class":973},[49,87110,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87112,6067],{"class":63},[49,87114,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87116,86148],{"class":55},[49,87118,60],{"class":59},[49,87120,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87122,109],{"class":63},[49,87124,86157],{"class":112},[49,87126,116],{"class":63},[49,87128,87129,87131,87133,87135],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,87130,7742],{"class":122},[49,87132,126],{"class":63},[49,87134,86168],{"class":112},[49,87136,335],{"class":63},[591,87138,87140],{"id":87139},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87142,87143,87145],{},[15,87144,86220],{}," reads one line at a time.",[40,87147,87149],{"className":42,"code":87148,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87150,87151,87193,87209],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87152,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87154,86099],{"class":973},[49,87156,86102],{"class":122},[49,87158,126],{"class":63},[49,87160,68],{"class":67},[49,87162,86109],{"class":71},[49,87164,68],{"class":67},[49,87166,84],{"class":63},[49,87168,87],{"class":67},[49,87170,60009],{"class":71},[49,87172,68],{"class":67},[49,87174,84],{"class":63},[49,87176,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87178,60],{"class":59},[49,87180,68],{"class":67},[49,87182,86131],{"class":71},[49,87184,68],{"class":67},[49,87186,131],{"class":63},[49,87188,46857],{"class":973},[49,87190,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87192,6067],{"class":63},[49,87194,87195,87198,87200,87202,87204,87207],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87196,87197],{"class":55},"    first_line ",[49,87199,60],{"class":59},[49,87201,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87203,109],{"class":63},[49,87205,87206],{"class":112},"readline",[49,87208,116],{"class":63},[49,87210,87211,87213,87215,87218],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,87212,7742],{"class":122},[49,87214,126],{"class":63},[49,87216,87217],{"class":112},"first_line",[49,87219,335],{"class":63},[591,87221,87223],{"id":87222},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87225,87226],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[40,87228,87230],{"className":42,"code":87229,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87231,87232,87274,87288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87233,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87235,86099],{"class":973},[49,87237,86102],{"class":122},[49,87239,126],{"class":63},[49,87241,68],{"class":67},[49,87243,86109],{"class":71},[49,87245,68],{"class":67},[49,87247,84],{"class":63},[49,87249,87],{"class":67},[49,87251,60009],{"class":71},[49,87253,68],{"class":67},[49,87255,84],{"class":63},[49,87257,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87259,60],{"class":59},[49,87261,68],{"class":67},[49,87263,86131],{"class":71},[49,87265,68],{"class":67},[49,87267,131],{"class":63},[49,87269,46857],{"class":973},[49,87271,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87273,6067],{"class":63},[49,87275,87276,87279,87282,87284,87286],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87277,87278],{"class":973},"    for",[49,87280,87281],{"class":55}," line ",[49,87283,3555],{"class":973},[49,87285,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87287,6067],{"class":63},[49,87289,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,87291,46837],{"class":122},[49,87293,126],{"class":63},[49,87295,51],{"class":112},[49,87297,109],{"class":63},[49,87299,8309],{"class":112},[49,87301,6865],{"class":63},[20,87303,87304,87305,2548,87309,109],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[72,87306,87308],{"href":87307},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[72,87310,87312],{"href":87311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[35,87314,87316],{"id":87315},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87318,1762,87319,87321],{},[15,87320,86495],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[40,87323,87325],{"className":42,"code":87324,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87326,87327,87370,87391],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87328,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87330,86099],{"class":973},[49,87332,86102],{"class":122},[49,87334,126],{"class":63},[49,87336,68],{"class":67},[49,87338,87339],{"class":71},"output.txt",[49,87341,68],{"class":67},[49,87343,84],{"class":63},[49,87345,87],{"class":67},[49,87347,59992],{"class":71},[49,87349,68],{"class":67},[49,87351,84],{"class":63},[49,87353,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87355,60],{"class":59},[49,87357,68],{"class":67},[49,87359,86131],{"class":71},[49,87361,68],{"class":67},[49,87363,131],{"class":63},[49,87365,46857],{"class":973},[49,87367,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87369,6067],{"class":63},[49,87371,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87385,87387,87389],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87373,86645],{"class":86140},[49,87375,109],{"class":63},[49,87377,69700],{"class":112},[49,87379,126],{"class":63},[49,87381,68],{"class":67},[49,87383,87384],{"class":71},"First line",[49,87386,86658],{"class":33943},[49,87388,68],{"class":67},[49,87390,335],{"class":63},[49,87392,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87406,87408,87410],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,87394,86645],{"class":86140},[49,87396,109],{"class":63},[49,87398,69700],{"class":112},[49,87400,126],{"class":63},[49,87402,68],{"class":67},[49,87404,87405],{"class":71},"Second line",[49,87407,86658],{"class":33943},[49,87409,68],{"class":67},[49,87411,335],{"class":63},[20,87413,1762,87414,87416],{},[15,87415,17578],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[40,87418,87420],{"className":42,"code":87419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87421,87422,87464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87423,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87425,86099],{"class":973},[49,87427,86102],{"class":122},[49,87429,126],{"class":63},[49,87431,68],{"class":67},[49,87433,87339],{"class":71},[49,87435,68],{"class":67},[49,87437,84],{"class":63},[49,87439,87],{"class":67},[49,87441,72],{"class":71},[49,87443,68],{"class":67},[49,87445,84],{"class":63},[49,87447,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87449,60],{"class":59},[49,87451,68],{"class":67},[49,87453,86131],{"class":71},[49,87455,68],{"class":67},[49,87457,131],{"class":63},[49,87459,46857],{"class":973},[49,87461,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87463,6067],{"class":63},[49,87465,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87479,87481,87483],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87467,86645],{"class":86140},[49,87469,109],{"class":63},[49,87471,69700],{"class":112},[49,87473,126],{"class":63},[49,87475,68],{"class":67},[49,87477,87478],{"class":71},"Third line",[49,87480,86658],{"class":33943},[49,87482,68],{"class":67},[49,87484,335],{"class":63},[20,87486,87487],{},"Important detail:",[155,87489,87490,87495,87502],{},[158,87491,87492,87494],{},[15,87493,86230],{}," writes a string",[158,87496,87497,13532,87499,87501],{},[15,87498,86230],{},[30,87500,600],{}," add a newline for you",[158,87503,87504,87505,86957],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87506,86658],{},[20,87508,87509,87510,2548,87514,109],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[72,87511,87513],{"href":87512},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[72,87515,87517],{"href":87516},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[35,87519,87521],{"id":87520},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87523,87524],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[591,87526,87528],{"id":87527},"encodingutf-8",[15,87529,86475],{},[20,87531,87532],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[40,87534,87536],{"className":42,"code":87535,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87537,87538,87581],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87539,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87541,86099],{"class":973},[49,87543,86102],{"class":122},[49,87545,126],{"class":63},[49,87547,68],{"class":67},[49,87549,87550],{"class":71},"message.txt",[49,87552,68],{"class":67},[49,87554,84],{"class":63},[49,87556,87],{"class":67},[49,87558,60009],{"class":71},[49,87560,68],{"class":67},[49,87562,84],{"class":63},[49,87564,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87566,60],{"class":59},[49,87568,68],{"class":67},[49,87570,86131],{"class":71},[49,87572,68],{"class":67},[49,87574,131],{"class":63},[49,87576,46857],{"class":973},[49,87578,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87580,6067],{"class":63},[49,87582,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87584,7742],{"class":122},[49,87586,126],{"class":63},[49,87588,86247],{"class":86140},[49,87590,109],{"class":63},[49,87592,86157],{"class":112},[49,87594,6865],{"class":63},[20,87596,87597],{},"Why it matters:",[155,87599,87600,87603,87606],{},[158,87601,87602],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[158,87604,87605],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[158,87607,87608],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[591,87610,87612],{"id":87611},"newline",[15,87613,87611],{},[20,87615,87616],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87618,87619],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[591,87621,87623],{"id":87622},"buffering",[15,87624,87622],{},[20,87626,87627],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87629,87630],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[35,87632,87634],{"id":87633},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87636,87637],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[591,87639,87641],{"id":87640},"filenotfounderror",[15,87642,87643],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87645,87646],{},"This happens when:",[155,87648,87649,87652,87655],{},[158,87650,87651],{},"the file does not exist",[158,87653,87654],{},"the path is wrong",[158,87656,87657],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87659,1244],{},[40,87661,87663],{"className":42,"code":87662,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87664,87665,87708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87666,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87668,86099],{"class":973},[49,87670,86102],{"class":122},[49,87672,126],{"class":63},[49,87674,68],{"class":67},[49,87676,87677],{"class":71},"missing.txt",[49,87679,68],{"class":67},[49,87681,84],{"class":63},[49,87683,87],{"class":67},[49,87685,60009],{"class":71},[49,87687,68],{"class":67},[49,87689,84],{"class":63},[49,87691,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87693,60],{"class":59},[49,87695,68],{"class":67},[49,87697,86131],{"class":71},[49,87699,68],{"class":67},[49,87701,131],{"class":63},[49,87703,46857],{"class":973},[49,87705,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87707,6067],{"class":63},[49,87709,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87711,7742],{"class":122},[49,87713,126],{"class":63},[49,87715,86247],{"class":86140},[49,87717,109],{"class":63},[49,87719,86157],{"class":112},[49,87721,6865],{"class":63},[20,87723,87724,87725,1017,87733,109],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[72,87726,87728,87729,87732],{"href":87727},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[49,87730,87731],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[72,87734,87736],{"href":87735},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[591,87738,87740],{"id":87739},"permissionerror",[15,87741,87742],{},"PermissionError",[20,87744,87745],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87747,87748],{},"Example causes:",[155,87750,87751,87754,87757],{},[158,87752,87753],{},"the file is protected",[158,87755,87756],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[158,87758,87759],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87761,87762,87763],{},"Related page: ",[72,87764,87766,87767,87770],{"href":87765},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[49,87768,87769],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[591,87772,87774],{"id":87773},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87775,87776],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87778,87779],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87781,1244],{},[40,87783,87785],{"className":42,"code":87784,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87786,87787,87830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87788,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87790,86099],{"class":973},[49,87792,86102],{"class":122},[49,87794,126],{"class":63},[49,87796,68],{"class":67},[49,87798,87799],{"class":71},"my_folder",[49,87801,68],{"class":67},[49,87803,84],{"class":63},[49,87805,87],{"class":67},[49,87807,60009],{"class":71},[49,87809,68],{"class":67},[49,87811,84],{"class":63},[49,87813,86124],{"class":8847},[49,87815,60],{"class":59},[49,87817,68],{"class":67},[49,87819,86131],{"class":71},[49,87821,68],{"class":67},[49,87823,131],{"class":63},[49,87825,46857],{"class":973},[49,87827,86141],{"class":86140},[49,87829,6067],{"class":63},[49,87831,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87833,7742],{"class":122},[49,87835,126],{"class":63},[49,87837,86247],{"class":86140},[49,87839,109],{"class":63},[49,87841,86157],{"class":112},[49,87843,6865],{"class":63},[20,87845,87762,87846],{},[72,87847,87849,87850,87853],{"href":87848},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[49,87851,87852],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[591,87855,87857],{"id":87856},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87858,87859],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87861,87862,87863,109],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87864,86080],{},[20,87866,87762,87867],{},[72,87868,87870],{"href":87869},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[35,87872,87874],{"id":87873},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87876,87877,87878,87880],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87879,86080],{}," function.",[20,87882,87883],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[155,87885,87886,87889,87892,87898],{},[158,87887,87888],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[158,87890,87891],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[158,87893,87894,87895,87897],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87896,86080],{}," itself",[158,87899,87900,87901],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[72,87902,87904],{"href":87903},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[35,87906,1376],{"id":1375},[20,87908,87909,87910,77],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87911,86080],{},[155,87913,87914,87919,87925,87930,87933,87936],{},[158,87915,8092,87916,87918],{},[15,87917,86178],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[158,87920,87921,87922,87924],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87923,86379],{}," for text files",[158,87926,8092,87927,87929],{},[15,87928,86495],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[158,87931,87932],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[158,87934,87935],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[158,87937,87938],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87940,87941],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[40,87943,87945],{"className":42,"code":87944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87946,87947,87954],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87948,87949,87951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87950,34582],{"class":973},[49,87952,87953],{"class":55}," os\n",[49,87955,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87967],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87957,123],{"class":122},[49,87959,126],{"class":63},[49,87961,42123],{"class":112},[49,87963,109],{"class":63},[49,87965,87966],{"class":112},"getcwd",[49,87968,6865],{"class":63},[20,87970,87971],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[40,87973,87975],{"className":42,"code":87974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87976,87977,87983],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87978,87979,87981],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87980,34582],{"class":973},[49,87982,87953],{"class":55},[49,87984,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87996,87998,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,87986,123],{"class":122},[49,87988,126],{"class":63},[49,87990,42123],{"class":112},[49,87992,109],{"class":63},[49,87994,87995],{"class":24235},"path",[49,87997,109],{"class":63},[49,87999,88000],{"class":112},"exists",[49,88002,126],{"class":63},[49,88004,68],{"class":67},[49,88006,86109],{"class":71},[49,88008,68],{"class":67},[49,88010,1436],{"class":63},[20,88012,88013],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[40,88015,88017],{"className":42,"code":88016,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88018,88019,88025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88020,88021,88023],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88022,34582],{"class":973},[49,88024,87953],{"class":55},[49,88026,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88028,123],{"class":122},[49,88030,126],{"class":63},[49,88032,42123],{"class":112},[49,88034,109],{"class":63},[49,88036,87995],{"class":24235},[49,88038,109],{"class":63},[49,88040,88041],{"class":112},"isfile",[49,88043,126],{"class":63},[49,88045,68],{"class":67},[49,88047,86109],{"class":71},[49,88049,68],{"class":67},[49,88051,1436],{"class":63},[20,88053,88054],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[40,88056,88058],{"className":42,"code":88057,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88059,88060,88102],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88061,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080,88082,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88063,86099],{"class":973},[49,88065,86102],{"class":122},[49,88067,126],{"class":63},[49,88069,68],{"class":67},[49,88071,86109],{"class":71},[49,88073,68],{"class":67},[49,88075,84],{"class":63},[49,88077,87],{"class":67},[49,88079,60009],{"class":71},[49,88081,68],{"class":67},[49,88083,84],{"class":63},[49,88085,86124],{"class":8847},[49,88087,60],{"class":59},[49,88089,68],{"class":67},[49,88091,86131],{"class":71},[49,88093,68],{"class":67},[49,88095,131],{"class":63},[49,88097,46857],{"class":973},[49,88099,86141],{"class":86140},[49,88101,6067],{"class":63},[49,88103,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88105,7742],{"class":122},[49,88107,126],{"class":63},[49,88109,86247],{"class":86140},[49,88111,109],{"class":63},[49,88113,86157],{"class":112},[49,88115,6865],{"class":63},[20,88117,88118],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[35,88120,1498],{"id":1497},[591,88122,88124],{"id":88123},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88126,88127],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[591,88129,88131],{"id":88130},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88133,88134,88135,88137],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88136,86099],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[591,88139,1524,88141,1017,88143,88145],{"id":88140},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88142,86495],{},[15,88144,17578],{}," mode?",[20,88147,88148,88150,88151,88153],{},[15,88149,86495],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88152,17578],{}," adds new content to the end.",[591,88155,88157],{"id":88156},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88159,88160],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[591,88162,88164],{"id":88163},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88166,88167,88168,88170],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88169,86475],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[35,88172,1550],{"id":1549},[155,88174,88175,88179,88183,88187,88191,88195,88199,88205],{},[158,88176,88177],{},[72,88178,87308],{"href":87307},[158,88180,88181],{},[72,88182,87513],{"href":87512},[158,88184,88185],{},[72,88186,87517],{"href":87516},[158,88188,88189],{},[72,88190,87312],{"href":87311},[158,88192,88193],{},[72,88194,87904],{"href":87903},[158,88196,88197],{},[72,88198,87736],{"href":87735},[158,88200,88201],{},[72,88202,87728,88203,87732],{"href":87727},[49,88204,87731],{},[158,88206,88207],{},[72,88208,87766,88209,87770],{"href":87765},[49,88210,87769],{},[1597,88212,88213],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":88215},[88216,88217,88218,88219,88220,88221,88222,88227,88228,88233,88239,88240,88241,88249],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":86182,"depth":103,"text":86183},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":86479,"depth":103,"text":86480},{"id":86743,"depth":103,"text":86744},{"id":86867,"depth":103,"text":86868},{"id":87050,"depth":103,"text":87051,"children":88223},[88224,88225,88226],{"id":87060,"depth":119,"text":87061},{"id":87139,"depth":119,"text":87140},{"id":87222,"depth":119,"text":87223},{"id":87315,"depth":103,"text":87316},{"id":87520,"depth":103,"text":87521,"children":88229},[88230,88231,88232],{"id":87527,"depth":119,"text":86475},{"id":87611,"depth":119,"text":87611},{"id":87622,"depth":119,"text":87622},{"id":87633,"depth":103,"text":87634,"children":88234},[88235,88236,88237,88238],{"id":87640,"depth":119,"text":87643},{"id":87739,"depth":119,"text":87742},{"id":87773,"depth":119,"text":87776},{"id":87856,"depth":119,"text":87859},{"id":87873,"depth":103,"text":87874},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":88242},[88243,88244,88245,88247,88248],{"id":88123,"depth":119,"text":88124},{"id":88130,"depth":119,"text":88131},{"id":88140,"depth":119,"text":88246},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88156,"depth":119,"text":88157},{"id":88163,"depth":119,"text":88164},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86070,"description":88250},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88257,"title":88258,"body":88259,"description":90254,"extension":1632,"meta":90255,"navigation":312,"path":90256,"seo":90257,"stem":90258,"__hash__":90259},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88260,"toc":90201},[88261,88266,88271,88277,88279,88347,88349,88368,88373,88378,88383,88386,88398,88400,88443,88445,88463,88474,88476,88478,88503,88505,88516,88518,88578,88580,88606,88609,88613,88618,88622,88625,88659,88663,88666,88691,88695,88718,88722,88755,88760,88764,88769,88772,88840,88842,88866,88871,88874,88905,88907,88939,88956,88960,88965,88989,88996,89001,89006,89009,89013,89048,89050,89059,89063,89154,89156,89187,89192,89199,89204,89213,89216,89250,89252,89266,89270,89311,89313,89322,89326,89374,89376,89390,89395,89406,89413,89419,89421,89456,89458,89472,89475,89497,89503,89532,89543,89549,89555,89569,89571,89650,89652,89702,89709,89711,89716,89720,89723,89738,89743,89745,89764,89770,89773,89788,89790,89808,89814,89819,89849,89852,89875,89878,89905,89912,89918,89926,89949,89954,89962,89964,89984,89988,89994,90044,90047,90069,90071,90077,90085,90091,90097,90105,90110,90114,90117,90140,90145,90152,90164,90166,90198],[10,88262,3247,88264,3251],{"id":88263},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88265,45951],{},[20,88267,31806,88268,88270],{},[15,88269,45951],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88272,88273,88274,88276],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88275,45951],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[35,88278,38],{"id":37},[40,88280,88282],{"className":42,"code":88281,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88283,88284,88296,88305,88309,88319,88329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88285,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88287,7549],{"class":55},[49,88289,60],{"class":59},[49,88291,87],{"class":67},[49,88293,7594],{"class":71},[49,88295,301],{"class":67},[49,88297,88298,88300,88302],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88299,21112],{"class":55},[49,88301,60],{"class":59},[49,88303,88304],{"class":80}," 12\n",[49,88306,88307],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,88308,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,88310,88311,88313,88315,88317],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,88312,123],{"class":122},[49,88314,126],{"class":63},[49,88316,251],{"class":112},[49,88318,335],{"class":63},[49,88320,88321,88323,88325,88327],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,88322,123],{"class":122},[49,88324,126],{"class":63},[49,88326,272],{"class":112},[49,88328,335],{"class":63},[49,88330,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,88332,123],{"class":122},[49,88334,126],{"class":63},[49,88336,68],{"class":67},[49,88338,34358],{"class":71},[49,88340,68],{"class":67},[49,88342,84],{"class":63},[49,88344,35484],{"class":112},[49,88346,335],{"class":63},[20,88348,573],{},[40,88350,88352],{"className":42,"code":88351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88353,88354,88359,88363],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88355,88356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88357,88358],{"class":55},"Mia\n",[49,88360,88361],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88362,1894],{"class":80},[49,88364,88365],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,88366,88367],{"class":55},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88369,1762,88370,88372],{},[15,88371,45951],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[35,88374,144,88376,147],{"id":88375},"what-print-does",[15,88377,45951],{},[20,88379,88380,88382],{},[15,88381,45951],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88384,88385],{},"You can use it to display:",[155,88387,88388,88390,88392,88395],{},[158,88389,34199],{},[158,88391,3323],{},[158,88393,88394],{},"variables",[158,88396,88397],{},"expressions",[20,88399,1244],{},[40,88401,88403],{"className":42,"code":88402,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88404,88405,88419,88429],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88406,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88408,123],{"class":122},[49,88410,126],{"class":63},[49,88412,68],{"class":67},[49,88414,34358],{"class":71},[49,88416,68],{"class":67},[49,88418,335],{"class":63},[49,88420,88421,88423,88425,88427],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88422,123],{"class":122},[49,88424,126],{"class":63},[49,88426,1807],{"class":80},[49,88428,335],{"class":63},[49,88430,88431,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,88432,123],{"class":122},[49,88434,126],{"class":63},[49,88436,1725],{"class":80},[49,88438,2123],{"class":59},[49,88440,2120],{"class":80},[49,88442,335],{"class":63},[20,88444,573],{},[40,88446,88448],{"className":42,"code":88447,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88449,88450,88455,88459],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88451,88452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88453,88454],{"class":55},"Hello\n",[49,88456,88457],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88458,2617],{"class":80},[49,88460,88461],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,88462,2617],{"class":80},[20,88464,88465,88466,88468,88469,88473],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88467,45951],{}," ",[30,88470,3365,88471],{},[15,88472,169],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[35,88475,189],{"id":188},[20,88477,30213],{},[40,88479,88481],{"className":42,"code":88480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88482,88483],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88484,88485,88487,88489,88492,88494,88497,88499,88501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88486,123],{"class":122},[49,88488,126],{"class":63},[49,88490,88491],{"class":112},"object1",[49,88493,84],{"class":63},[49,88495,88496],{"class":112}," object2",[49,88498,84],{"class":63},[49,88500,33944],{"class":122},[49,88502,335],{"class":63},[20,88504,79708],{},[155,88506,88507,88510,88513],{},[158,88508,88509],{},"one value",[158,88511,88512],{},"many values",[158,88514,88515],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88517,1244],{},[40,88519,88521],{"className":42,"code":88520,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88522,88523,88537,88556],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88524,88525,88527,88529,88531,88533,88535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88526,123],{"class":122},[49,88528,126],{"class":63},[49,88530,68],{"class":67},[49,88532,57271],{"class":71},[49,88534,68],{"class":67},[49,88536,335],{"class":63},[49,88538,88539,88541,88543,88545,88548,88550,88552,88554],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88540,123],{"class":122},[49,88542,126],{"class":63},[49,88544,68],{"class":67},[49,88546,88547],{"class":71},"Score:",[49,88549,68],{"class":67},[49,88551,84],{"class":63},[49,88553,5677],{"class":80},[49,88555,335],{"class":63},[49,88557,88558,88560,88562,88564,88566,88568,88570,88572,88574,88576],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,88559,123],{"class":122},[49,88561,126],{"class":63},[49,88563,68],{"class":67},[49,88565,45062],{"class":71},[49,88567,68],{"class":67},[49,88569,84],{"class":63},[49,88571,2126],{"class":80},[49,88573,2123],{"class":59},[49,88575,37138],{"class":80},[49,88577,335],{"class":63},[20,88579,573],{},[40,88581,88583],{"className":42,"code":88582,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88584,88585,88589,88598],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88586,88587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88588,84861],{"class":55},[49,88590,88591,88594,88596],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88592,88593],{"class":55},"Score",[49,88595,77],{"class":63},[49,88597,2257],{"class":80},[49,88599,88600,88602,88604],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,88601,45102],{"class":55},[49,88603,77],{"class":63},[49,88605,2257],{"class":80},[20,88607,88608],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[35,88610,88612],{"id":88611},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88614,88615,88616,109],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88617,45951],{},[591,88619,88621],{"id":88620},"print-text","Print text",[20,88623,88624],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[40,88626,88628],{"className":42,"code":88627,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88629,88630,88644],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88631,88632,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88633,123],{"class":122},[49,88635,126],{"class":63},[49,88637,68],{"class":67},[49,88639,34358],{"class":71},[49,88641,68],{"class":67},[49,88643,335],{"class":63},[49,88645,88646,88648,88650,88652,88655,88657],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88647,123],{"class":122},[49,88649,126],{"class":63},[49,88651,68],{"class":67},[49,88653,88654],{"class":71},"Python is fun",[49,88656,68],{"class":67},[49,88658,335],{"class":63},[591,88660,88662],{"id":88661},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88664,88665],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[40,88667,88669],{"className":42,"code":88668,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88670,88671,88681],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88672,88673,88675,88677,88679],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88674,123],{"class":122},[49,88676,126],{"class":63},[49,88678,1807],{"class":80},[49,88680,335],{"class":63},[49,88682,88683,88685,88687,88689],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88684,123],{"class":122},[49,88686,126],{"class":63},[49,88688,39639],{"class":80},[49,88690,335],{"class":63},[591,88692,88694],{"id":88693},"print-variables","Print variables",[40,88696,88698],{"className":42,"code":88697,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88699,88700,88708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88701,88702,88704,88706],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88703,4769],{"class":55},[49,88705,60],{"class":59},[49,88707,13609],{"class":80},[49,88709,88710,88712,88714,88716],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88711,123],{"class":122},[49,88713,126],{"class":63},[49,88715,85025],{"class":112},[49,88717,335],{"class":63},[591,88719,88721],{"id":88720},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[40,88723,88725],{"className":42,"code":88724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88726,88727,88741],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88728,88729,88731,88733,88735,88737,88739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88730,123],{"class":122},[49,88732,126],{"class":63},[49,88734,1725],{"class":80},[49,88736,2123],{"class":59},[49,88738,2120],{"class":80},[49,88740,335],{"class":63},[49,88742,88743,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88744,123],{"class":122},[49,88746,126],{"class":63},[49,88748,1999],{"class":80},[49,88750,82337],{"class":59},[49,88752,2126],{"class":80},[49,88754,335],{"class":63},[20,88756,88757,88758,109],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[72,88759,50477],{"href":50476},[35,88761,88763],{"id":88762},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88765,88766,88768],{},[15,88767,45951],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88770,88771],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[40,88773,88775],{"className":42,"code":88774,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88776,88777,88790,88798,88802,88821],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88778,88779,88781,88783,88785,88788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88780,7549],{"class":55},[49,88782,60],{"class":59},[49,88784,87],{"class":67},[49,88786,88787],{"class":71},"Ava",[49,88789,301],{"class":67},[49,88791,88792,88794,88796],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88793,21112],{"class":55},[49,88795,60],{"class":59},[49,88797,2257],{"class":80},[49,88799,88800],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,88801,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,88803,88804,88806,88808,88810,88813,88815,88817,88819],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,88805,123],{"class":122},[49,88807,126],{"class":63},[49,88809,68],{"class":67},[49,88811,88812],{"class":71},"Name:",[49,88814,68],{"class":67},[49,88816,84],{"class":63},[49,88818,35484],{"class":112},[49,88820,335],{"class":63},[49,88822,88823,88825,88827,88829,88832,88834,88836,88838],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,88824,123],{"class":122},[49,88826,126],{"class":63},[49,88828,68],{"class":67},[49,88830,88831],{"class":71},"Age:",[49,88833,68],{"class":67},[49,88835,84],{"class":63},[49,88837,8860],{"class":112},[49,88839,335],{"class":63},[20,88841,573],{},[40,88843,88845],{"className":42,"code":88844,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88846,88847,88857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88848,88849,88852,88854],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88850,88851],{"class":55},"Name",[49,88853,77],{"class":63},[49,88855,88856],{"class":55}," Ava\n",[49,88858,88859,88862,88864],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88860,88861],{"class":55},"Age",[49,88863,77],{"class":63},[49,88865,2257],{"class":80},[20,88867,88868,88869,109],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88870,1728],{},[20,88872,88873],{},"For example, this works:",[40,88875,88877],{"className":42,"code":88876,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88878,88879,88887],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88880,88881,88883,88885],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88882,21112],{"class":55},[49,88884,60],{"class":59},[49,88886,2257],{"class":80},[49,88888,88889,88891,88893,88895,88897,88899,88901,88903],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88890,123],{"class":122},[49,88892,126],{"class":63},[49,88894,68],{"class":67},[49,88896,88831],{"class":71},[49,88898,68],{"class":67},[49,88900,84],{"class":63},[49,88902,8860],{"class":112},[49,88904,335],{"class":63},[20,88906,36420],{},[40,88908,88910],{"className":42,"code":88909,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88911,88912,88920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88913,88914,88916,88918],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88915,21112],{"class":55},[49,88917,60],{"class":59},[49,88919,2257],{"class":80},[49,88921,88922,88924,88926,88928,88931,88933,88935,88937],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,88923,123],{"class":122},[49,88925,126],{"class":63},[49,88927,68],{"class":67},[49,88929,88930],{"class":71},"Age: ",[49,88932,68],{"class":67},[49,88934,2123],{"class":59},[49,88936,8860],{"class":112},[49,88938,335],{"class":63},[20,88940,88941,88942,88945,88946,88948,88949,88951,88952,109],{},"That fails because ",[15,88943,88944],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88947,272],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88950,1728],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[72,88953,88954],{"href":41672},[15,88955,47183],{},[35,88957,88959],{"id":88958},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88961,88962,88964],{},[15,88963,45951],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[155,88966,88967,88973,88978,88983],{},[158,88968,88969,88972],{},[15,88970,88971],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[158,88974,88975,88977],{},[15,88976,52162],{}," controls what is added after the output",[158,88979,88980,88982],{},[15,88981,86247],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[158,88984,88985,88988],{},[15,88986,88987],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88990,88991,88992,1017,88994,109],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88993,88971],{},[15,88995,52162],{},[35,88997,88999,36109],{"id":88998},"sep-argument",[15,89000,88971],{},[20,89002,150,89003,89005],{},[15,89004,88971],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89007,89008],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[591,89010,89012],{"id":89011},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[40,89014,89016],{"className":42,"code":89015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89017,89018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89019,89020,89022,89024,89026,89028,89030,89032,89034,89036,89038,89040,89042,89044,89046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89021,123],{"class":122},[49,89023,126],{"class":63},[49,89025,68],{"class":67},[49,89027,12570],{"class":71},[49,89029,68],{"class":67},[49,89031,84],{"class":63},[49,89033,87],{"class":67},[49,89035,16937],{"class":71},[49,89037,68],{"class":67},[49,89039,84],{"class":63},[49,89041,87],{"class":67},[49,89043,12587],{"class":71},[49,89045,68],{"class":67},[49,89047,335],{"class":63},[20,89049,573],{},[40,89051,89053],{"className":42,"code":89052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red green blue\n",[15,89054,89055],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89056,89057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89058,89052],{"class":55},[591,89060,89062],{"id":89061},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[40,89064,89066],{"className":42,"code":89065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89067,89068,89111],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89069,89070,89072,89074,89076,89078,89080,89082,89084,89086,89088,89090,89092,89094,89096,89098,89101,89103,89105,89107,89109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89071,123],{"class":122},[49,89073,126],{"class":63},[49,89075,68],{"class":67},[49,89077,12570],{"class":71},[49,89079,68],{"class":67},[49,89081,84],{"class":63},[49,89083,87],{"class":67},[49,89085,16937],{"class":71},[49,89087,68],{"class":67},[49,89089,84],{"class":63},[49,89091,87],{"class":67},[49,89093,12587],{"class":71},[49,89095,68],{"class":67},[49,89097,84],{"class":63},[49,89099,89100],{"class":8847}," sep",[49,89102,60],{"class":59},[49,89104,68],{"class":67},[49,89106,84],{"class":71},[49,89108,68],{"class":67},[49,89110,335],{"class":63},[49,89112,89113,89115,89117,89119,89121,89123,89125,89127,89129,89131,89133,89135,89137,89139,89141,89143,89145,89147,89150,89152],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89114,123],{"class":122},[49,89116,126],{"class":63},[49,89118,68],{"class":67},[49,89120,12570],{"class":71},[49,89122,68],{"class":67},[49,89124,84],{"class":63},[49,89126,87],{"class":67},[49,89128,16937],{"class":71},[49,89130,68],{"class":67},[49,89132,84],{"class":63},[49,89134,87],{"class":67},[49,89136,12587],{"class":71},[49,89138,68],{"class":67},[49,89140,84],{"class":63},[49,89142,89100],{"class":8847},[49,89144,60],{"class":59},[49,89146,68],{"class":67},[49,89148,89149],{"class":71}," - ",[49,89151,68],{"class":67},[49,89153,335],{"class":63},[20,89155,573],{},[40,89157,89159],{"className":42,"code":89158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89160,89161,89173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89162,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89164,12570],{"class":55},[49,89166,84],{"class":63},[49,89168,16937],{"class":55},[49,89170,84],{"class":63},[49,89172,69486],{"class":55},[49,89174,89175,89178,89180,89183,89185],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89176,89177],{"class":55},"red ",[49,89179,1690],{"class":59},[49,89181,89182],{"class":55}," green ",[49,89184,1690],{"class":59},[49,89186,35373],{"class":55},[20,89188,89189,89191],{},[15,89190,88971],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89193,89194,89195,109],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[72,89196,89198],{"href":89197},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[35,89200,89202,36109],{"id":89201},"end-argument",[15,89203,52162],{},[20,89205,89206,89207,89209,89210,89212],{},"By default, ",[15,89208,45951],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89211,45951],{}," starts on a new line.",[591,89214,89012],{"id":89215},"default-behavior-1",[40,89217,89219],{"className":42,"code":89218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89220,89221,89235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89222,89223,89225,89227,89229,89231,89233],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89224,123],{"class":122},[49,89226,126],{"class":63},[49,89228,68],{"class":67},[49,89230,34358],{"class":71},[49,89232,68],{"class":67},[49,89234,335],{"class":63},[49,89236,89237,89239,89241,89243,89246,89248],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89238,123],{"class":122},[49,89240,126],{"class":63},[49,89242,68],{"class":67},[49,89244,89245],{"class":71},"World",[49,89247,68],{"class":67},[49,89249,335],{"class":63},[20,89251,573],{},[40,89253,89255],{"className":42,"code":89254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89256,89257,89261],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89258,89259],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89260,88454],{"class":55},[49,89262,89263],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89264,89265],{"class":55},"World\n",[591,89267,89269],{"id":89268},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[40,89271,89273],{"className":42,"code":89272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89274,89275,89297],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89276,89277,89279,89281,89283,89285,89287,89289,89291,89293,89295],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89278,123],{"class":122},[49,89280,126],{"class":63},[49,89282,68],{"class":67},[49,89284,34358],{"class":71},[49,89286,68],{"class":67},[49,89288,84],{"class":63},[49,89290,64545],{"class":8847},[49,89292,60],{"class":59},[49,89294,5945],{"class":67},[49,89296,335],{"class":63},[49,89298,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307,89309],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89300,123],{"class":122},[49,89302,126],{"class":63},[49,89304,68],{"class":67},[49,89306,89245],{"class":71},[49,89308,68],{"class":67},[49,89310,335],{"class":63},[20,89312,573],{},[40,89314,89316],{"className":42,"code":89315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89317,89318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89319,89320],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89321,89315],{"class":55},[591,89323,89325],{"id":89324},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[40,89327,89329],{"className":42,"code":89328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89330,89331,89360],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89332,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351,89354,89356,89358],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89334,123],{"class":122},[49,89336,126],{"class":63},[49,89338,68],{"class":67},[49,89340,34358],{"class":71},[49,89342,68],{"class":67},[49,89344,84],{"class":63},[49,89346,64545],{"class":8847},[49,89348,60],{"class":59},[49,89350,68],{"class":67},[49,89352,89353],{"class":71},"!",[49,89355,86658],{"class":33943},[49,89357,68],{"class":67},[49,89359,335],{"class":63},[49,89361,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370,89372],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89363,123],{"class":122},[49,89365,126],{"class":63},[49,89367,68],{"class":67},[49,89369,89245],{"class":71},[49,89371,68],{"class":67},[49,89373,335],{"class":63},[20,89375,573],{},[40,89377,89379],{"className":42,"code":89378,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89380,89381,89386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89382,89383],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89384,89385],{"class":55},"Hello!\n",[49,89387,89388],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89389,89265],{"class":55},[20,89391,150,89392,89394],{},[15,89393,52162],{}," argument is useful for:",[155,89396,89397,89400,89403],{},[158,89398,89399],{},"progress messages",[158,89401,89402],{},"inline output",[158,89404,89405],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[35,89407,89409,480,89411],{"id":89408},"print-returns-none",[15,89410,45951],{},[15,89412,169],{},[20,89414,89415,89416,89418],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89417,45951],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89420,1244],{},[40,89422,89424],{"className":42,"code":89423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89425,89426,89446],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89427,89428,89430,89432,89435,89437,89439,89442,89444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89429,534],{"class":55},[49,89431,60],{"class":59},[49,89433,89434],{"class":122}," print",[49,89436,126],{"class":63},[49,89438,68],{"class":67},[49,89440,89441],{"class":71},"Hi",[49,89443,68],{"class":67},[49,89445,335],{"class":63},[49,89447,89448,89450,89452,89454],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89449,123],{"class":122},[49,89451,126],{"class":63},[49,89453,558],{"class":112},[49,89455,335],{"class":63},[20,89457,573],{},[40,89459,89461],{"className":42,"code":89460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89462,89463,89468],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89464,89465],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89466,89467],{"class":55},"Hi\n",[49,89469,89470],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89471,584],{"class":583},[20,89473,89474],{},"Why does this happen?",[155,89476,89477,89485,89490],{},[158,89478,89479,89482,89483],{},[15,89480,89481],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89484,89441],{},[158,89486,89487,89488],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89489,169],{},[158,89491,89492,89493,699,89495],{},"so ",[15,89494,558],{},[15,89496,169],{},[20,89498,89499,89500,89502],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89501,45951],{}," call.",[40,89504,89506],{"className":42,"code":89505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89507,89508,89521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89509,89510,89513,89515,89517,89519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89511,89512],{"class":55},"message ",[49,89514,60],{"class":59},[49,89516,87],{"class":67},[49,89518,89441],{"class":71},[49,89520,301],{"class":67},[49,89522,89523,89525,89527,89530],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89524,123],{"class":122},[49,89526,126],{"class":63},[49,89528,89529],{"class":112},"message",[49,89531,335],{"class":63},[20,89533,89534,89535,89537,89538,89542],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89536,45951],{}," with functions like ",[72,89539,89540],{"href":7893},[15,89541,2628],{},", which do return a value.",[35,89544,89546,89547],{"id":89545},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89548,45951],{},[20,89550,89551,89552,89554],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89553,45951],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[155,89556,89557,89560,89563,89566],{},[158,89558,89559],{},"to display results to the user",[158,89561,89562],{},"to show messages in a script",[158,89564,89565],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[158,89567,89568],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89570,1244],{},[40,89572,89574],{"className":42,"code":89573,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89575,89576,89584,89588,89608,89619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89577,89578,89580,89582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89579,40679],{"class":55},[49,89581,60],{"class":59},[49,89583,38008],{"class":80},[49,89585,89586],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89587,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,89589,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,89591,5630],{"class":973},[49,89593,6060],{"class":55},[49,89595,3555],{"class":973},[49,89597,53572],{"class":122},[49,89599,126],{"class":63},[49,89601,2659],{"class":80},[49,89603,84],{"class":63},[49,89605,2126],{"class":80},[49,89607,8016],{"class":63},[49,89609,89610,89613,89616],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,89611,89612],{"class":55},"    total ",[49,89614,89615],{"class":59},"+=",[49,89617,89618],{"class":55}," number\n",[49,89620,89621,89623,89625,89627,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,89622,7742],{"class":122},[49,89624,126],{"class":63},[49,89626,68],{"class":67},[49,89628,89629],{"class":71},"Current number:",[49,89631,68],{"class":67},[49,89633,84],{"class":63},[49,89635,1866],{"class":112},[49,89637,84],{"class":63},[49,89639,87],{"class":67},[49,89641,45062],{"class":71},[49,89643,68],{"class":67},[49,89645,84],{"class":63},[49,89647,45069],{"class":112},[49,89649,335],{"class":63},[20,89651,573],{},[40,89653,89655],{"className":42,"code":89654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89656,89657,89673,89687],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89658,89659,89662,89664,89666,89669,89671],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89660,89661],{"class":55},"Current number",[49,89663,77],{"class":63},[49,89665,81],{"class":80},[49,89667,89668],{"class":55}," Total",[49,89670,77],{"class":63},[49,89672,29102],{"class":80},[49,89674,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683,89685],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89676,89661],{"class":55},[49,89678,77],{"class":63},[49,89680,97],{"class":80},[49,89682,89668],{"class":55},[49,89684,77],{"class":63},[49,89686,2247],{"class":80},[49,89688,89689,89691,89693,89695,89697,89699],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,89690,89661],{"class":55},[49,89692,77],{"class":63},[49,89694,2120],{"class":80},[49,89696,89668],{"class":55},[49,89698,77],{"class":63},[49,89700,89701],{"class":80}," 6\n",[20,89703,89704,89705,109],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[72,89706,89708],{"href":89707},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[35,89710,1376],{"id":1375},[20,89712,89713,89714,109],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89715,45951],{},[591,89717,89719],{"id":89718},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89721,89722],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[40,89724,89726],{"className":42,"code":89725,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89727,89728],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89729,89730,89732,89734,89736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89731,123],{"class":122},[49,89733,126],{"class":63},[49,89735,34358],{"class":112},[49,89737,335],{"class":63},[20,89739,8550,89740,89742],{},[15,89741,34358],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89744,10469],{},[40,89746,89748],{"className":42,"code":89747,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89749,89750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89751,89752,89754,89756,89758,89760,89762],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89753,123],{"class":122},[49,89755,126],{"class":63},[49,89757,68],{"class":67},[49,89759,34358],{"class":71},[49,89761,68],{"class":67},[49,89763,335],{"class":63},[591,89765,8092,89767,89769],{"id":89766},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89768,123],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89771,89772],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[40,89774,89776],{"className":42,"code":89775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89777,89778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89779,89780,89782,89784,89786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89781,123],{"class":122},[49,89783,87],{"class":67},[49,89785,34358],{"class":71},[49,89787,301],{"class":67},[20,89789,10469],{},[40,89791,89792],{"className":42,"code":89747,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,89793,89794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89795,89796,89798,89800,89802,89804,89806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89797,123],{"class":122},[49,89799,126],{"class":63},[49,89801,68],{"class":67},[49,89803,34358],{"class":71},[49,89805,68],{"class":67},[49,89807,335],{"class":63},[591,89809,89811,89812],{"id":89810},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89813,1728],{},[20,89815,89816,89817,109],{},"This causes a ",[15,89818,2676],{},[40,89820,89821],{"className":42,"code":88909,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,89822,89823,89831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89824,89825,89827,89829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89826,21112],{"class":55},[49,89828,60],{"class":59},[49,89830,2257],{"class":80},[49,89832,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845,89847],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,89834,123],{"class":122},[49,89836,126],{"class":63},[49,89838,68],{"class":67},[49,89840,88930],{"class":71},[49,89842,68],{"class":67},[49,89844,2123],{"class":59},[49,89846,8860],{"class":112},[49,89848,335],{"class":63},[20,89850,89851],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[40,89853,89855],{"className":42,"code":89854,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89856,89857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89858,89859,89861,89863,89865,89867,89869,89871,89873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89860,123],{"class":122},[49,89862,126],{"class":63},[49,89864,68],{"class":67},[49,89866,88831],{"class":71},[49,89868,68],{"class":67},[49,89870,84],{"class":63},[49,89872,8860],{"class":112},[49,89874,335],{"class":63},[20,89876,89877],{},"Or convert the number first:",[40,89879,89881],{"className":42,"code":89880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89882,89883],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89884,89885,89887,89889,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89886,123],{"class":122},[49,89888,126],{"class":63},[49,89890,68],{"class":67},[49,89892,88930],{"class":71},[49,89894,68],{"class":67},[49,89896,2123],{"class":59},[49,89898,48404],{"class":1428},[49,89900,126],{"class":63},[49,89902,272],{"class":112},[49,89904,1436],{"class":63},[20,89906,89907,89908,109],{},"If you see this error, read ",[72,89909,89911],{"href":89910},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[591,89913,1392,89915,89917],{"id":89914},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89916,45951],{}," to return a value",[20,89919,89920,89921,34821,89924,77],{},"This does not store ",[15,89922,89923],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89925,558],{},[40,89927,89929],{"className":42,"code":89928,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89930,89931],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89932,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89934,534],{"class":55},[49,89936,60],{"class":59},[49,89938,89434],{"class":122},[49,89940,126],{"class":63},[49,89942,68],{"class":67},[49,89944,34358],{"class":71},[49,89946,68],{"class":67},[49,89948,335],{"class":63},[20,89950,89951,89952,109],{},"It stores ",[15,89953,169],{},[591,89955,89957,89958,1017,89960],{"id":89956},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89959,88971],{},[15,89961,52162],{},[20,89963,85317],{},[155,89965,89966,89975],{},[158,89967,89968,89970,89971,89974],{},[15,89969,88971],{}," changes what goes ",[30,89972,89973],{},"between"," multiple values",[158,89976,89977,89979,89980,89983],{},[15,89978,52162],{}," changes what appears ",[30,89981,89982],{},"after"," the output",[35,89985,89987],{"id":89986},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89989,89990,89991,89993],{},"These simple ",[15,89992,45951],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[40,89995,89997],{"className":42,"code":89996,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89998,89999,90019,90034],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90000,90001,90003,90005,90007,90010,90012,90014,90017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90002,123],{"class":122},[49,90004,126],{"class":63},[49,90006,68],{"class":67},[49,90008,90009],{"class":71},"Debug:",[49,90011,68],{"class":67},[49,90013,84],{"class":63},[49,90015,90016],{"class":112}," variable_name",[49,90018,335],{"class":63},[49,90020,90021,90023,90025,90027,90029,90032],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,90022,123],{"class":122},[49,90024,126],{"class":63},[49,90026,1429],{"class":1428},[49,90028,126],{"class":63},[49,90030,90031],{"class":112},"variable_name",[49,90033,1436],{"class":63},[49,90035,90036,90038,90040,90042],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,90037,31641],{"class":122},[49,90039,126],{"class":63},[49,90041,123],{"class":122},[49,90043,335],{"class":63},[20,90045,90046],{},"What they do:",[155,90048,90049,90055,90061],{},[158,90050,90051,90054],{},[15,90052,90053],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[158,90056,90057,90060],{},[15,90058,90059],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[158,90062,90063,90066,90067],{},[15,90064,90065],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90068,45951],{},[35,90070,1498],{"id":1497},[591,90072,1502,90074,90076],{"id":90073},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90075,45951],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90078,90079,90080,90082,90083,36115],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90081,45951],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90084,52162],{},[591,90086,4842,90088,90090],{"id":90087},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90089,45951],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90092,90093,90094,90096],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90095,45951],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[591,90098,4830,90100,4833,90103,1529],{"id":90099},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90101,90102],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90104,169],{},[20,90106,28548,90107,90109],{},[15,90108,45951],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[591,90111,90113],{"id":90112},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90115,90116],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[40,90118,90120],{"className":42,"code":90119,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90121,90122],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90123,90124,90126,90128,90130,90132,90134,90136,90138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90125,123],{"class":122},[49,90127,126],{"class":63},[49,90129,68],{"class":67},[49,90131,88831],{"class":71},[49,90133,68],{"class":67},[49,90135,84],{"class":63},[49,90137,5677],{"class":80},[49,90139,335],{"class":63},[20,90141,90142,90143,39425],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90144,47183],{},[591,90146,1524,90148,1017,90150,1529],{"id":90147},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90149,88971],{},[15,90151,52162],{},[155,90153,90154,90159],{},[158,90155,90156,90158],{},[15,90157,88971],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[158,90160,90161,90163],{},[15,90162,52162],{}," changes what appears after the output",[35,90165,1550],{"id":1549},[155,90167,90168,90172,90178,90184,90189,90194],{},[158,90169,90170],{},[72,90171,50477],{"href":50476},[158,90173,90174],{},[72,90175,3247,90176,3180],{"href":7893},[15,90177,2628],{},[158,90179,90180],{},[72,90181,3247,90182,3180],{"href":41672},[15,90183,47183],{},[158,90185,90186],{},[72,90187,90188],{"href":89197},"How to format strings in Python",[158,90190,90191],{},[72,90192,90193],{"href":89707},"How to debug Python code",[158,90195,90196],{},[72,90197,89911],{"href":89910},[1597,90199,90200],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":90202},[90203,90204,90206,90207,90213,90214,90215,90220,90226,90228,90230,90241,90242,90253],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":88375,"depth":103,"text":90205},"What print() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":88611,"depth":103,"text":88612,"children":90208},[90209,90210,90211,90212],{"id":88620,"depth":119,"text":88621},{"id":88661,"depth":119,"text":88662},{"id":88693,"depth":119,"text":88694},{"id":88720,"depth":119,"text":88721},{"id":88762,"depth":103,"text":88763},{"id":88958,"depth":103,"text":88959},{"id":88998,"depth":103,"text":90216,"children":90217},"sep argument",[90218,90219],{"id":89011,"depth":119,"text":89012},{"id":89061,"depth":119,"text":89062},{"id":89201,"depth":103,"text":90221,"children":90222},"end argument",[90223,90224,90225],{"id":89215,"depth":119,"text":89012},{"id":89268,"depth":119,"text":89269},{"id":89324,"depth":119,"text":89325},{"id":89408,"depth":103,"text":90227},"print() returns None",{"id":89545,"depth":103,"text":90229},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":90231},[90232,90233,90235,90237,90239],{"id":89718,"depth":119,"text":89719},{"id":89766,"depth":119,"text":90234},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89810,"depth":119,"text":90236},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89914,"depth":119,"text":90238},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89956,"depth":119,"text":90240},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89986,"depth":103,"text":89987},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":90243},[90244,90246,90248,90250,90251],{"id":90073,"depth":119,"text":90245},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90087,"depth":119,"text":90247},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90099,"depth":119,"text":90249},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90112,"depth":119,"text":90113},{"id":90147,"depth":119,"text":90252},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88258,"description":90254},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90261,"title":90262,"body":90263,"description":92567,"extension":1632,"meta":92568,"navigation":312,"path":92569,"seo":92570,"stem":92571,"__hash__":92572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90264,"toc":92513},[90265,90270,90275,90288,90290,90355,90366,90371,90376,90378,90401,90404,90435,90437,90454,90459,90465,90470,90519,90522,90539,90545,90550,90573,90575,90603,90609,90617,90644,90646,90671,90677,90680,90711,90713,90742,90746,90749,90754,90776,90778,90806,90812,90818,90844,90846,90870,90876,90882,90912,90914,90942,90952,90956,90962,90995,90997,91026,91029,91032,91065,91067,91075,91081,91083,91106,91111,91120,91125,91139,91141,91181,91183,91213,91217,91252,91258,91262,91306,91308,91338,91344,91347,91426,91428,91450,91458,91461,91524,91532,91607,91613,91620,91625,91630,91653,91655,91676,91678,91691,91693,91740,91742,91781,91790,91792,91796,91800,91803,91830,91833,91862,91865,91889,91892,91900,91906,91928,91930,91958,91962,91967,92022,92027,92029,92086,92093,92102,92105,92137,92139,92147,92150,92156,92158,92181,92184,92190,92193,92212,92214,92233,92236,92258,92260,92288,92292,92296,92401,92403,92416,92418,92424,92427,92435,92440,92446,92452,92457,92465,92471,92478,92480,92510],[10,90266,3247,90268,3251],{"id":90267},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90269,35691],{},[20,90271,31806,90272,90274],{},[15,90273,35691],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90276,90277,90278,90280,90281,90283,90284,90287],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90279,5630],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90282,35691],{}," stops ",[30,90285,90286],{},"before"," the end value.",[35,90289,38],{"id":37},[40,90291,90293],{"className":42,"code":90292,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90294,90295,90311,90321,90325,90330,90335,90340,90345,90350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90296,90297,90299,90301,90303,90305,90307,90309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90298,5630],{"class":973},[49,90300,69053],{"class":55},[49,90302,3555],{"class":973},[49,90304,53572],{"class":122},[49,90306,126],{"class":63},[49,90308,1807],{"class":80},[49,90310,8016],{"class":63},[49,90312,90313,90315,90317,90319],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,90314,7742],{"class":122},[49,90316,126],{"class":63},[49,90318,35647],{"class":112},[49,90320,335],{"class":63},[49,90322,90323],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,90324,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,90326,90327],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,90328,90329],{"class":134},"# Output:\n",[49,90331,90332],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,90333,90334],{"class":134},"# 0\n",[49,90336,90337],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,90338,90339],{"class":134},"# 1\n",[49,90341,90342],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,90343,90344],{"class":134},"# 2\n",[49,90346,90347],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,90348,90349],{"class":134},"# 3\n",[49,90351,90352],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,90353,90354],{"class":134},"# 4\n",[20,90356,90357,90360,90361,90363,90364,109],{},[15,90358,90359],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90362,1790],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90365,1807],{},[35,90367,144,90369,147],{"id":90368},"what-range-does",[15,90370,35691],{},[20,90372,90373,90375],{},[15,90374,35691],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90377,12529],{},[155,90379,90380,90385,90391,90396],{},[158,90381,90382,90384],{},[15,90383,35691],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[158,90386,90387,90388,90390],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90389,5630],{}," loops",[158,90392,90393,90394],{},"The stop value is ",[30,90395,64574],{},[158,90397,16903,90398,90400],{},[15,90399,59502],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90402,90403],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[40,90405,90407],{"className":42,"code":90406,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90408,90409,90425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90410,90411,90413,90415,90417,90419,90421,90423],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90412,5630],{"class":973},[49,90414,6060],{"class":55},[49,90416,3555],{"class":973},[49,90418,53572],{"class":122},[49,90420,126],{"class":63},[49,90422,1731],{"class":80},[49,90424,8016],{"class":63},[49,90426,90427,90429,90431,90433],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,90428,7742],{"class":122},[49,90430,126],{"class":63},[49,90432,1908],{"class":112},[49,90434,335],{"class":63},[20,90436,573],{},[40,90438,90440],{"className":42,"code":90439,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90441,90442,90446,90450],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90443,90444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90445,46751],{"class":80},[49,90447,90448],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,90449,46416],{"class":80},[49,90451,90452],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,90453,16537],{"class":80},[20,90455,90456,90457,109],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[72,90458,35521],{"href":35520},[35,90460,90462,90464],{"id":90461},"range-syntax",[15,90463,35691],{}," syntax",[20,90466,90467,90469],{},[15,90468,35691],{}," has three common forms:",[40,90471,90473],{"className":42,"code":90472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90474,90475,90485,90500],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90476,90477,90479,90481,90483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90478,59502],{"class":122},[49,90480,126],{"class":63},[49,90482,74931],{"class":112},[49,90484,335],{"class":63},[49,90486,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495,90498],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,90488,59502],{"class":122},[49,90490,126],{"class":63},[49,90492,35565],{"class":112},[49,90494,84],{"class":63},[49,90496,90497],{"class":112}," stop",[49,90499,335],{"class":63},[49,90501,90502,90504,90506,90508,90510,90512,90514,90517],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,90503,59502],{"class":122},[49,90505,126],{"class":63},[49,90507,35565],{"class":112},[49,90509,84],{"class":63},[49,90511,90497],{"class":112},[49,90513,84],{"class":63},[49,90515,90516],{"class":112}," step",[49,90518,335],{"class":63},[20,90520,90521],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[155,90523,90524,90529,90534],{},[158,90525,90526,90528],{},[15,90527,35565],{}," = first number",[158,90530,90531,90533],{},[15,90532,74931],{}," = end limit, not included",[158,90535,90536,90538],{},[15,90537,74934],{}," = amount to move each time",[591,90540,90542],{"id":90541},"rangestop",[15,90543,90544],{},"range(stop)",[20,90546,90547,90548,109],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90549,1790],{},[40,90551,90553],{"className":42,"code":90552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90554,90555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90556,90557,90559,90561,90563,90565,90567,90569,90571],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90558,123],{"class":122},[49,90560,126],{"class":63},[49,90562,7767],{"class":1428},[49,90564,126],{"class":63},[49,90566,59502],{"class":122},[49,90568,126],{"class":63},[49,90570,1807],{"class":80},[49,90572,2582],{"class":63},[20,90574,573],{},[40,90576,90577],{"className":42,"code":59525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90578,90579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90580,90581,90583,90585,90587,90589,90591,90593,90595,90597,90599,90601],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90582,3573],{"class":63},[49,90584,1790],{"class":80},[49,90586,84],{"class":63},[49,90588,81],{"class":80},[49,90590,84],{"class":63},[49,90592,97],{"class":80},[49,90594,84],{"class":63},[49,90596,2120],{"class":80},[49,90598,84],{"class":63},[49,90600,2126],{"class":80},[49,90602,3309],{"class":63},[591,90604,90606],{"id":90605},"rangestart-stop",[15,90607,90608],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90610,90611,90612,90614,90615,109],{},"This starts at ",[15,90613,35565],{}," and stops before ",[15,90616,74931],{},[40,90618,90620],{"className":42,"code":90619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90621,90622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90623,90624,90626,90628,90630,90632,90634,90636,90638,90640,90642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90625,123],{"class":122},[49,90627,126],{"class":63},[49,90629,7767],{"class":1428},[49,90631,126],{"class":63},[49,90633,59502],{"class":122},[49,90635,126],{"class":63},[49,90637,1725],{"class":80},[49,90639,84],{"class":63},[49,90641,37138],{"class":80},[49,90643,2582],{"class":63},[20,90645,573],{},[40,90647,90649],{"className":42,"code":90648,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90650,90651],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90652,90653,90655,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665,90667,90669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90654,3573],{"class":63},[49,90656,1725],{"class":80},[49,90658,84],{"class":63},[49,90660,2120],{"class":80},[49,90662,84],{"class":63},[49,90664,2126],{"class":80},[49,90666,84],{"class":63},[49,90668,4279],{"class":80},[49,90670,3309],{"class":63},[591,90672,90674],{"id":90673},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90675,90676],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90678,90679],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[40,90681,90683],{"className":42,"code":90682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90684,90685],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90686,90687,90689,90691,90693,90695,90697,90699,90701,90703,90705,90707,90709],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90688,123],{"class":122},[49,90690,126],{"class":63},[49,90692,7767],{"class":1428},[49,90694,126],{"class":63},[49,90696,59502],{"class":122},[49,90698,126],{"class":63},[49,90700,2659],{"class":80},[49,90702,84],{"class":63},[49,90704,5677],{"class":80},[49,90706,84],{"class":63},[49,90708,97],{"class":80},[49,90710,2582],{"class":63},[20,90712,573],{},[40,90714,90716],{"className":42,"code":90715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90717,90718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90719,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90730,90732,90734,90736,90738,90740],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90721,3573],{"class":63},[49,90723,2659],{"class":80},[49,90725,84],{"class":63},[49,90727,2120],{"class":80},[49,90729,84],{"class":63},[49,90731,4279],{"class":80},[49,90733,84],{"class":63},[49,90735,5666],{"class":80},[49,90737,84],{"class":63},[49,90739,53638],{"class":80},[49,90741,3309],{"class":63},[35,90743,90745],{"id":90744},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90747,90748],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[591,90750,90752],{"id":90751},"range5",[15,90753,90359],{},[40,90755,90756],{"className":42,"code":90552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90757,90758],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90759,90760,90762,90764,90766,90768,90770,90772,90774],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90761,123],{"class":122},[49,90763,126],{"class":63},[49,90765,7767],{"class":1428},[49,90767,126],{"class":63},[49,90769,59502],{"class":122},[49,90771,126],{"class":63},[49,90773,1807],{"class":80},[49,90775,2582],{"class":63},[20,90777,573],{},[40,90779,90780],{"className":42,"code":59525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90781,90782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90783,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794,90796,90798,90800,90802,90804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90785,3573],{"class":63},[49,90787,1790],{"class":80},[49,90789,84],{"class":63},[49,90791,81],{"class":80},[49,90793,84],{"class":63},[49,90795,97],{"class":80},[49,90797,84],{"class":63},[49,90799,2120],{"class":80},[49,90801,84],{"class":63},[49,90803,2126],{"class":80},[49,90805,3309],{"class":63},[20,90807,90611,90808,90614,90810,109],{},[15,90809,1790],{},[15,90811,1807],{},[591,90813,90815],{"id":90814},"range2-6",[15,90816,90817],{},"range(2, 6)",[40,90819,90820],{"className":42,"code":90619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90821,90822],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90823,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834,90836,90838,90840,90842],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90825,123],{"class":122},[49,90827,126],{"class":63},[49,90829,7767],{"class":1428},[49,90831,126],{"class":63},[49,90833,59502],{"class":122},[49,90835,126],{"class":63},[49,90837,1725],{"class":80},[49,90839,84],{"class":63},[49,90841,37138],{"class":80},[49,90843,2582],{"class":63},[20,90845,573],{},[40,90847,90848],{"className":42,"code":90648,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90849,90850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90851,90852,90854,90856,90858,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90853,3573],{"class":63},[49,90855,1725],{"class":80},[49,90857,84],{"class":63},[49,90859,2120],{"class":80},[49,90861,84],{"class":63},[49,90863,2126],{"class":80},[49,90865,84],{"class":63},[49,90867,4279],{"class":80},[49,90869,3309],{"class":63},[20,90871,90611,90872,90614,90874,109],{},[15,90873,1725],{},[15,90875,80099],{},[591,90877,90879],{"id":90878},"range1-10-2",[15,90880,90881],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[40,90883,90884],{"className":42,"code":90682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90885,90886],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90887,90888,90890,90892,90894,90896,90898,90900,90902,90904,90906,90908,90910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90889,123],{"class":122},[49,90891,126],{"class":63},[49,90893,7767],{"class":1428},[49,90895,126],{"class":63},[49,90897,59502],{"class":122},[49,90899,126],{"class":63},[49,90901,2659],{"class":80},[49,90903,84],{"class":63},[49,90905,5677],{"class":80},[49,90907,84],{"class":63},[49,90909,97],{"class":80},[49,90911,2582],{"class":63},[20,90913,573],{},[40,90915,90916],{"className":42,"code":90715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90917,90918],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90919,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90930,90932,90934,90936,90938,90940],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90921,3573],{"class":63},[49,90923,2659],{"class":80},[49,90925,84],{"class":63},[49,90927,2120],{"class":80},[49,90929,84],{"class":63},[49,90931,4279],{"class":80},[49,90933,84],{"class":63},[49,90935,5666],{"class":80},[49,90937,84],{"class":63},[49,90939,53638],{"class":80},[49,90941,3309],{"class":63},[20,90943,90944,90945,90947,90948,60805,90950,109],{},"This moves by ",[15,90946,1725],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90949,2659],{},[15,90951,1815],{},[591,90953,90955],{"id":90954},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90957,90958,90959,90961],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90960,35691],{}," count backward.",[40,90963,90965],{"className":42,"code":90964,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90966,90967],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90968,90969,90971,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90970,123],{"class":122},[49,90972,126],{"class":63},[49,90974,7767],{"class":1428},[49,90976,126],{"class":63},[49,90978,59502],{"class":122},[49,90980,126],{"class":63},[49,90982,1807],{"class":80},[49,90984,84],{"class":63},[49,90986,3506],{"class":80},[49,90988,84],{"class":63},[49,90990,1891],{"class":59},[49,90992,2659],{"class":80},[49,90994,2582],{"class":63},[20,90996,573],{},[40,90998,91000],{"className":42,"code":90999,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91001,91002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91003,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022,91024],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91005,3573],{"class":63},[49,91007,1807],{"class":80},[49,91009,84],{"class":63},[49,91011,2126],{"class":80},[49,91013,84],{"class":63},[49,91015,2120],{"class":80},[49,91017,84],{"class":63},[49,91019,97],{"class":80},[49,91021,84],{"class":63},[49,91023,81],{"class":80},[49,91025,3309],{"class":63},[20,91027,91028],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91030,91031],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[40,91033,91035],{"className":42,"code":91034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91036,91037],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91038,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91040,123],{"class":122},[49,91042,126],{"class":63},[49,91044,7767],{"class":1428},[49,91046,126],{"class":63},[49,91048,59502],{"class":122},[49,91050,126],{"class":63},[49,91052,2659],{"class":80},[49,91054,84],{"class":63},[49,91056,4279],{"class":80},[49,91058,84],{"class":63},[49,91060,1891],{"class":59},[49,91062,2659],{"class":80},[49,91064,2582],{"class":63},[20,91066,573],{},[40,91068,91069],{"className":42,"code":37792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91070,91071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91072,91073],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91074,37792],{"class":63},[591,91076,91077,76094,91079],{"id":76318},[15,91078,74934],{},[15,91080,1790],{},[20,91082,2506],{},[40,91084,91086],{"className":42,"code":91085,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91087,91088],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91089,91090,91092,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91091,59502],{"class":122},[49,91093,126],{"class":63},[49,91095,2659],{"class":80},[49,91097,84],{"class":63},[49,91099,4279],{"class":80},[49,91101,84],{"class":63},[49,91103,3506],{"class":80},[49,91105,335],{"class":63},[20,91107,76363,91108,91110],{},[15,91109,40200],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[35,91112,8092,91114,91116,91117,91119],{"id":91113},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91115,35691],{}," in a ",[15,91118,5630],{}," loop",[20,91121,91122,91124],{},[15,91123,35691],{}," is most useful when:",[155,91126,91127,91130,91133],{},[158,91128,91129],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[158,91131,91132],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[158,91134,91135,91136],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91137,91138],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91140,1244],{},[40,91142,91144],{"className":42,"code":91143,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91145,91146,91162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91147,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91149,5630],{"class":973},[49,91151,69053],{"class":55},[49,91153,3555],{"class":973},[49,91155,53572],{"class":122},[49,91157,126],{"class":63},[49,91159,1731],{"class":80},[49,91161,8016],{"class":63},[49,91163,91164,91166,91168,91170,91173,91175,91177,91179],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91165,7742],{"class":122},[49,91167,126],{"class":63},[49,91169,68],{"class":67},[49,91171,91172],{"class":71},"Loop number:",[49,91174,68],{"class":67},[49,91176,84],{"class":63},[49,91178,35622],{"class":112},[49,91180,335],{"class":63},[20,91182,573],{},[40,91184,91186],{"className":42,"code":91185,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91187,91188,91197,91205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91189,91190,91193,91195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91191,91192],{"class":55},"Loop number",[49,91194,77],{"class":63},[49,91196,38008],{"class":80},[49,91198,91199,91201,91203],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91200,91192],{"class":55},[49,91202,77],{"class":63},[49,91204,29102],{"class":80},[49,91206,91207,91209,91211],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,91208,91192],{"class":55},[49,91210,77],{"class":63},[49,91212,45088],{"class":80},[591,91214,91216],{"id":91215},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[40,91218,91220],{"className":42,"code":91219,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91221,91222,91238],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91223,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91225,5630],{"class":973},[49,91227,69053],{"class":55},[49,91229,3555],{"class":973},[49,91231,53572],{"class":122},[49,91233,126],{"class":63},[49,91235,1807],{"class":80},[49,91237,8016],{"class":63},[49,91239,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91241,7742],{"class":122},[49,91243,126],{"class":63},[49,91245,68],{"class":67},[49,91247,34358],{"class":71},[49,91249,68],{"class":67},[49,91251,335],{"class":63},[20,91253,91254,91255,91257],{},"This prints ",[15,91256,89923],{}," five times.",[591,91259,91261],{"id":91260},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[40,91263,91265],{"className":42,"code":91264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91266,91267,91287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91268,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91270,5630],{"class":973},[49,91272,69053],{"class":55},[49,91274,3555],{"class":973},[49,91276,53572],{"class":122},[49,91278,126],{"class":63},[49,91280,2659],{"class":80},[49,91282,84],{"class":63},[49,91284,2126],{"class":80},[49,91286,8016],{"class":63},[49,91288,91289,91291,91293,91295,91298,91300,91302,91304],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91290,7742],{"class":122},[49,91292,126],{"class":63},[49,91294,68],{"class":67},[49,91296,91297],{"class":71},"Current number is",[49,91299,68],{"class":67},[49,91301,84],{"class":63},[49,91303,35622],{"class":112},[49,91305,335],{"class":63},[20,91307,573],{},[40,91309,91311],{"className":42,"code":91310,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91312,91313,91322,91330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91314,91315,91318,91320],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91316,91317],{"class":55},"Current number ",[49,91319,974],{"class":59},[49,91321,29102],{"class":80},[49,91323,91324,91326,91328],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91325,91317],{"class":55},[49,91327,974],{"class":59},[49,91329,45088],{"class":80},[49,91331,91332,91334,91336],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,91333,91317],{"class":55},[49,91335,974],{"class":59},[49,91337,2247],{"class":80},[591,91339,91341,91343],{"id":91340},"range-and-indexing",[15,91342,35691],{}," and indexing",[20,91345,91346],{},"You may see code like this:",[40,91348,91350],{"className":42,"code":91349,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91351,91352,91384,91388,91408],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91353,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91355,7451],{"class":55},[49,91357,60],{"class":59},[49,91359,3296],{"class":63},[49,91361,68],{"class":67},[49,91363,72],{"class":71},[49,91365,68],{"class":67},[49,91367,84],{"class":63},[49,91369,87],{"class":67},[49,91371,90],{"class":71},[49,91373,68],{"class":67},[49,91375,84],{"class":63},[49,91377,87],{"class":67},[49,91379,9406],{"class":71},[49,91381,68],{"class":67},[49,91383,3309],{"class":63},[49,91385,91386],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91387,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,91389,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,91391,5630],{"class":973},[49,91393,69053],{"class":55},[49,91395,3555],{"class":973},[49,91397,53572],{"class":122},[49,91399,126],{"class":63},[49,91401,10824],{"class":122},[49,91403,126],{"class":63},[49,91405,7482],{"class":112},[49,91407,69068],{"class":63},[49,91409,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,91411,7742],{"class":122},[49,91413,126],{"class":63},[49,91415,35647],{"class":112},[49,91417,84],{"class":63},[49,91419,5638],{"class":112},[49,91421,3573],{"class":63},[49,91423,35647],{"class":112},[49,91425,3561],{"class":63},[20,91427,573],{},[40,91429,91430],{"className":42,"code":35659,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91431,91432,91438,91444],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91433,91434,91436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91435,1790],{"class":80},[49,91437,35668],{"class":55},[49,91439,91440,91442],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91441,2659],{"class":80},[49,91443,35675],{"class":55},[49,91445,91446,91448],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,91447,1725],{"class":80},[49,91449,35682],{"class":55},[20,91451,91452,91453,91457],{},"This works, and it uses ",[72,91454,91455],{"href":41855},[15,91456,41858],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91459,91460],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[40,91462,91464],{"className":42,"code":91463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91465,91466,91498,91502,91514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91467,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91469,7451],{"class":55},[49,91471,60],{"class":59},[49,91473,3296],{"class":63},[49,91475,68],{"class":67},[49,91477,72],{"class":71},[49,91479,68],{"class":67},[49,91481,84],{"class":63},[49,91483,87],{"class":67},[49,91485,90],{"class":71},[49,91487,68],{"class":67},[49,91489,84],{"class":63},[49,91491,87],{"class":67},[49,91493,9406],{"class":71},[49,91495,68],{"class":67},[49,91497,3309],{"class":63},[49,91499,91500],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91501,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,91503,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,91505,5630],{"class":973},[49,91507,5633],{"class":55},[49,91509,3555],{"class":973},[49,91511,5638],{"class":55},[49,91513,6067],{"class":63},[49,91515,91516,91518,91520,91522],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,91517,7742],{"class":122},[49,91519,126],{"class":63},[49,91521,22795],{"class":112},[49,91523,335],{"class":63},[20,91525,36086,91526,91531],{},[72,91527,91529],{"href":91528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91530,35241],{}," is usually a better choice:",[40,91533,91535],{"className":42,"code":91534,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91536,91537,91569,91573,91593],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91538,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91540,7451],{"class":55},[49,91542,60],{"class":59},[49,91544,3296],{"class":63},[49,91546,68],{"class":67},[49,91548,72],{"class":71},[49,91550,68],{"class":67},[49,91552,84],{"class":63},[49,91554,87],{"class":67},[49,91556,90],{"class":71},[49,91558,68],{"class":67},[49,91560,84],{"class":63},[49,91562,87],{"class":67},[49,91564,9406],{"class":71},[49,91566,68],{"class":67},[49,91568,3309],{"class":63},[49,91570,91571],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91572,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,91574,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585,91587,91589,91591],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,91576,5630],{"class":973},[49,91578,35313],{"class":55},[49,91580,84],{"class":63},[49,91582,5633],{"class":55},[49,91584,3555],{"class":973},[49,91586,35323],{"class":122},[49,91588,126],{"class":63},[49,91590,7482],{"class":112},[49,91592,8016],{"class":63},[49,91594,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,91596,7742],{"class":122},[49,91598,126],{"class":63},[49,91600,35338],{"class":112},[49,91602,84],{"class":63},[49,91604,28994],{"class":112},[49,91606,335],{"class":63},[20,91608,78623,91609,109],{},[72,91610,36099,91611,36102],{"href":36098},[15,91612,35241],{},[35,91614,91616,91617,91619],{"id":91615},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91618,35691],{}," to a list",[20,91621,91622,91624],{},[15,91623,35691],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91626,91627,91628,77],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91629,24266],{},[40,91631,91633],{"className":42,"code":91632,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91634,91635],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91636,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91638,123],{"class":122},[49,91640,126],{"class":63},[49,91642,7767],{"class":1428},[49,91644,126],{"class":63},[49,91646,59502],{"class":122},[49,91648,126],{"class":63},[49,91650,1731],{"class":80},[49,91652,2582],{"class":63},[20,91654,573],{},[40,91656,91658],{"className":42,"code":91657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91659,91660],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91661,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91663,3573],{"class":63},[49,91665,1790],{"class":80},[49,91667,84],{"class":63},[49,91669,81],{"class":80},[49,91671,84],{"class":63},[49,91673,97],{"class":80},[49,91675,3309],{"class":63},[20,91677,32801],{},[155,91679,91680,91685,91688],{},[158,91681,91682,91683,41582],{},"learning how ",[15,91684,35691],{},[158,91686,91687],{},"checking your values",[158,91689,91690],{},"debugging code",[20,91692,5145],{},[40,91694,91696],{"className":42,"code":91695,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91697,91698,91712,91716,91726],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91699,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91701,3291],{"class":55},[49,91703,60],{"class":59},[49,91705,53572],{"class":122},[49,91707,126],{"class":63},[49,91709,2174],{"class":80},[49,91711,335],{"class":63},[49,91713,91714],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91715,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,91717,91718,91720,91722,91724],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,91719,123],{"class":122},[49,91721,126],{"class":63},[49,91723,3323],{"class":112},[49,91725,335],{"class":63},[49,91727,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,91729,123],{"class":122},[49,91731,126],{"class":63},[49,91733,7767],{"class":1428},[49,91735,126],{"class":63},[49,91737,3323],{"class":112},[49,91739,1436],{"class":63},[20,91741,573],{},[40,91743,91745],{"className":42,"code":91744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91746,91747,91761],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91748,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91750,59502],{"class":122},[49,91752,126],{"class":63},[49,91754,1790],{"class":80},[49,91756,84],{"class":63},[49,91758,2126],{"class":80},[49,91760,335],{"class":63},[49,91762,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91764,3573],{"class":63},[49,91766,1790],{"class":80},[49,91768,84],{"class":63},[49,91770,81],{"class":80},[49,91772,84],{"class":63},[49,91774,97],{"class":80},[49,91776,84],{"class":63},[49,91778,2120],{"class":80},[49,91780,3309],{"class":63},[20,91782,91783,91784,10249,91786,91789],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91785,59502],{},[15,91787,91788],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[35,91791,4192],{"id":4191},[20,91793,33030,91794,109],{},[15,91795,35691],{},[591,91797,91799],{"id":91798},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91801,91802],{},"Many beginners think this:",[40,91804,91806],{"className":42,"code":91805,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91807,91808],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91809,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91811,123],{"class":122},[49,91813,126],{"class":63},[49,91815,7767],{"class":1428},[49,91817,126],{"class":63},[49,91819,59502],{"class":122},[49,91821,126],{"class":63},[49,91823,2659],{"class":80},[49,91825,84],{"class":63},[49,91827,4279],{"class":80},[49,91829,2582],{"class":63},[20,91831,91832],{},"will produce:",[40,91834,91836],{"className":42,"code":91835,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91837,91838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91839,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91841,3573],{"class":63},[49,91843,2659],{"class":80},[49,91845,84],{"class":63},[49,91847,97],{"class":80},[49,91849,84],{"class":63},[49,91851,2120],{"class":80},[49,91853,84],{"class":63},[49,91855,2126],{"class":80},[49,91857,84],{"class":63},[49,91859,4279],{"class":80},[49,91861,3309],{"class":63},[20,91863,91864],{},"But the real output is:",[40,91866,91867],{"className":42,"code":53007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91868,91869],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91870,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881,91883,91885,91887],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91872,3573],{"class":63},[49,91874,2659],{"class":80},[49,91876,84],{"class":63},[49,91878,97],{"class":80},[49,91880,84],{"class":63},[49,91882,2120],{"class":80},[49,91884,84],{"class":63},[49,91886,2126],{"class":80},[49,91888,3309],{"class":63},[20,91890,91891],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[591,91893,4253,91895,91897,91898],{"id":91894},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91896,90359],{}," starts at ",[15,91899,2659],{},[20,91901,36962,91902,18446,91904,109],{},[15,91903,1790],{},[15,91905,2659],{},[40,91907,91908],{"className":42,"code":90552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91909,91910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91911,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91913,123],{"class":122},[49,91915,126],{"class":63},[49,91917,7767],{"class":1428},[49,91919,126],{"class":63},[49,91921,59502],{"class":122},[49,91923,126],{"class":63},[49,91925,1807],{"class":80},[49,91927,2582],{"class":63},[20,91929,573],{},[40,91931,91932],{"className":42,"code":59525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91933,91934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91935,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91937,3573],{"class":63},[49,91939,1790],{"class":80},[49,91941,84],{"class":63},[49,91943,81],{"class":80},[49,91945,84],{"class":63},[49,91947,97],{"class":80},[49,91949,84],{"class":63},[49,91951,2120],{"class":80},[49,91953,84],{"class":63},[49,91955,2126],{"class":80},[49,91957,3309],{"class":63},[591,91959,91961],{"id":91960},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91963,91964,91965,77],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91966,2628],{},[40,91968,91970],{"className":42,"code":91969,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91971,91972,91991,91995,92012],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91973,91974,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91975,91976],{"class":55},"user_number ",[49,91978,60],{"class":59},[49,91980,7916],{"class":122},[49,91982,126],{"class":63},[49,91984,68],{"class":67},[49,91986,41368],{"class":71},[49,91988,68],{"class":67},[49,91990,335],{"class":63},[49,91992,91993],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,91994,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,91996,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92010],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,91998,5630],{"class":973},[49,92000,69053],{"class":55},[49,92002,3555],{"class":973},[49,92004,53572],{"class":122},[49,92006,126],{"class":63},[49,92008,92009],{"class":112},"user_number",[49,92011,8016],{"class":63},[49,92013,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,92015,7742],{"class":122},[49,92017,126],{"class":63},[49,92019,35647],{"class":112},[49,92021,335],{"class":63},[20,92023,48010,92024,92026],{},[15,92025,2628],{}," returns a string.",[20,92028,10469],{},[40,92030,92032],{"className":42,"code":92031,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92033,92034,92056,92060,92076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92035,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92037,91976],{"class":55},[49,92039,60],{"class":59},[49,92041,44775],{"class":1428},[49,92043,126],{"class":63},[49,92045,41960],{"class":122},[49,92047,126],{"class":63},[49,92049,68],{"class":67},[49,92051,41368],{"class":71},[49,92053,68],{"class":67},[49,92055,1436],{"class":63},[49,92057,92058],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92059,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,92061,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,92063,5630],{"class":973},[49,92065,69053],{"class":55},[49,92067,3555],{"class":973},[49,92069,53572],{"class":122},[49,92071,126],{"class":63},[49,92073,92009],{"class":112},[49,92075,8016],{"class":63},[49,92077,92078,92080,92082,92084],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,92079,7742],{"class":122},[49,92081,126],{"class":63},[49,92083,35647],{"class":112},[49,92085,335],{"class":63},[20,92087,92088,92089,109],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[72,92090,50024,92091],{"href":50023},[15,92092,50027],{},[591,92094,92096,92097,92099,92100],{"id":92095},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92098,35565],{}," smaller than ",[15,92101,74931],{},[20,92103,92104],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[40,92106,92107],{"className":42,"code":91034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92108,92109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92110,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92112,123],{"class":122},[49,92114,126],{"class":63},[49,92116,7767],{"class":1428},[49,92118,126],{"class":63},[49,92120,59502],{"class":122},[49,92122,126],{"class":63},[49,92124,2659],{"class":80},[49,92126,84],{"class":63},[49,92128,4279],{"class":80},[49,92130,84],{"class":63},[49,92132,1891],{"class":59},[49,92134,2659],{"class":80},[49,92136,2582],{"class":63},[20,92138,573],{},[40,92140,92141],{"className":42,"code":37792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92142,92143],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92144,92145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92146,37792],{"class":63},[20,92148,92149],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[591,92151,25102,92153],{"id":92152},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92154,92155],{},"step = 0",[20,92157,77074],{},[40,92159,92161],{"className":42,"code":92160,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92162,92163],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92164,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92166,59502],{"class":122},[49,92168,126],{"class":63},[49,92170,2659],{"class":80},[49,92172,84],{"class":63},[49,92174,5677],{"class":80},[49,92176,84],{"class":63},[49,92178,3506],{"class":80},[49,92180,335],{"class":63},[20,92182,92183],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[591,92185,4378,92187,92189],{"id":92186},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92188,35691],{}," is not a list",[20,92191,92192],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[40,92194,92196],{"className":42,"code":92195,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92197,92198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92199,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92201,123],{"class":122},[49,92203,126],{"class":63},[49,92205,59502],{"class":122},[49,92207,126],{"class":63},[49,92209,1807],{"class":80},[49,92211,1436],{"class":63},[20,92213,573],{},[40,92215,92217],{"className":42,"code":92216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92218,92219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92220,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92222,59502],{"class":122},[49,92224,126],{"class":63},[49,92226,1790],{"class":80},[49,92228,84],{"class":63},[49,92230,4279],{"class":80},[49,92232,335],{"class":63},[20,92234,92235],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[40,92237,92238],{"className":42,"code":90552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92239,92240],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92241,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92243,123],{"class":122},[49,92245,126],{"class":63},[49,92247,7767],{"class":1428},[49,92249,126],{"class":63},[49,92251,59502],{"class":122},[49,92253,126],{"class":63},[49,92255,1807],{"class":80},[49,92257,2582],{"class":63},[20,92259,573],{},[40,92261,92262],{"className":42,"code":59525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92263,92264],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92265,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92267,3573],{"class":63},[49,92269,1790],{"class":80},[49,92271,84],{"class":63},[49,92273,81],{"class":80},[49,92275,84],{"class":63},[49,92277,97],{"class":80},[49,92279,84],{"class":63},[49,92281,2120],{"class":80},[49,92283,84],{"class":63},[49,92285,2126],{"class":80},[49,92287,3309],{"class":63},[35,92289,92291],{"id":92290},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92293,8550,92294,81845],{},[15,92295,35691],{},[40,92297,92299],{"className":42,"code":92298,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92300,92301,92315,92333,92355,92383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92302,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92304,123],{"class":122},[49,92306,126],{"class":63},[49,92308,59502],{"class":122},[49,92310,126],{"class":63},[49,92312,1807],{"class":80},[49,92314,1436],{"class":63},[49,92316,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92318,123],{"class":122},[49,92320,126],{"class":63},[49,92322,7767],{"class":1428},[49,92324,126],{"class":63},[49,92326,59502],{"class":122},[49,92328,126],{"class":63},[49,92330,1807],{"class":80},[49,92332,2582],{"class":63},[49,92334,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,92336,123],{"class":122},[49,92338,126],{"class":63},[49,92340,7767],{"class":1428},[49,92342,126],{"class":63},[49,92344,59502],{"class":122},[49,92346,126],{"class":63},[49,92348,1725],{"class":80},[49,92350,84],{"class":63},[49,92352,6033],{"class":80},[49,92354,2582],{"class":63},[49,92356,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,92358,123],{"class":122},[49,92360,126],{"class":63},[49,92362,7767],{"class":1428},[49,92364,126],{"class":63},[49,92366,59502],{"class":122},[49,92368,126],{"class":63},[49,92370,1999],{"class":80},[49,92372,84],{"class":63},[49,92374,3506],{"class":80},[49,92376,84],{"class":63},[49,92378,1891],{"class":59},[49,92380,1725],{"class":80},[49,92382,2582],{"class":63},[49,92384,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,92386,123],{"class":122},[49,92388,126],{"class":63},[49,92390,1429],{"class":1428},[49,92392,126],{"class":63},[49,92394,59502],{"class":122},[49,92396,126],{"class":63},[49,92398,1807],{"class":80},[49,92400,2582],{"class":63},[20,92402,25494],{},[155,92404,92405,92408,92411],{},[158,92406,92407],{},"what values are being created",[158,92409,92410],{},"whether the direction is correct",[158,92412,92413,92414,24102],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92415,59502],{},[35,92417,1498],{"id":1497},[591,92419,1502,92421,92423],{"id":92420},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92422,35691],{}," include the last number?",[20,92425,92426],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[591,92428,4830,92430,92432,92433,1529],{"id":92429},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92431,90359],{}," start at ",[15,92434,1790],{},[20,92436,92437,92438,109],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92439,1790],{},[591,92441,4842,92443,92445],{"id":92442},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92444,35691],{}," count backward?",[20,92447,92448,92449,109],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92450,92451],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[591,92453,14382,92455,25529],{"id":92454},"is-range-a-list",[15,92456,35691],{},[20,92458,25532,92459,92461,92462,23423],{},[15,92460,59502],{}," object. Use ",[15,92463,92464],{},"list(range(...))",[591,92466,4830,92468,48184],{"id":92467},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92469,92470],{},"range(input())",[20,92472,92473,3155,92475,109],{},[15,92474,2628],{},[15,92476,92477],{},"int(input())",[35,92479,1550],{"id":1549},[155,92481,92482,92486,92492,92498,92504],{},[158,92483,92484],{},[72,92485,35521],{"href":35520},[158,92487,92488],{},[72,92489,3247,92490,3180],{"href":41855},[15,92491,41858],{},[158,92493,92494],{},[72,92495,3247,92496,3180],{"href":91528},[15,92497,35241],{},[158,92499,92500],{},[72,92501,37013,92502,36102],{"href":36098},[15,92503,35241],{},[158,92505,92506],{},[72,92507,50024,92508],{"href":50023},[15,92509,50027],{},[1597,92511,92512],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":92514},[92515,92516,92518,92524,92532,92539,92541,92553,92554,92566],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":90368,"depth":103,"text":92517},"What range() does",{"id":90461,"depth":103,"text":92519,"children":92520},"range() syntax",[92521,92522,92523],{"id":90541,"depth":119,"text":90544},{"id":90605,"depth":119,"text":90608},{"id":90673,"depth":119,"text":90676},{"id":90744,"depth":103,"text":90745,"children":92525},[92526,92527,92528,92529,92530],{"id":90751,"depth":119,"text":90359},{"id":90814,"depth":119,"text":90817},{"id":90878,"depth":119,"text":90881},{"id":90954,"depth":119,"text":90955},{"id":76318,"depth":119,"text":92531},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91113,"depth":103,"text":92533,"children":92534},"Using range() in a for loop",[92535,92536,92537],{"id":91215,"depth":119,"text":91216},{"id":91260,"depth":119,"text":91261},{"id":91340,"depth":119,"text":92538},"range() and indexing",{"id":91615,"depth":103,"text":92540},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":92542},[92543,92544,92546,92547,92549,92551],{"id":91798,"depth":119,"text":91799},{"id":91894,"depth":119,"text":92545},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91960,"depth":119,"text":91961},{"id":92095,"depth":119,"text":92548},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92152,"depth":119,"text":92550},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92186,"depth":119,"text":92552},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92290,"depth":103,"text":92291},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":92555},[92556,92558,92560,92562,92564],{"id":92420,"depth":119,"text":92557},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92429,"depth":119,"text":92559},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92442,"depth":119,"text":92561},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92454,"depth":119,"text":92563},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92467,"depth":119,"text":92565},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90262,"description":92567},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92574,"title":92575,"body":92576,"description":94249,"extension":1632,"meta":94250,"navigation":312,"path":94251,"seo":94252,"stem":94253,"__hash__":94254},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92577,"toc":94222},[92578,92587,92594,92611,92627,92629,92678,92686,92690,92693,92713,92715,92779,92781,92824,92827,92873,92875,92908,92918,92924,92932,92949,92951,92982,92984,93009,93014,93025,93028,93098,93100,93131,93136,93141,93158,93160,93211,93213,93246,93249,93256,93261,93265,93281,93283,93327,93329,93375,93378,93391,93396,93400,93414,93416,93467,93469,93502,93507,93509,93516,93518,93541,93543,93608,93610,93627,93630,93663,93665,93693,93703,93710,93714,93717,93735,93738,93766,93769,93787,93792,93798,93801,93823,93825,93853,93855,93858,93883,93886,93999,94001,94080,94082,94088,94093,94101,94109,94113,94116,94118,94151,94153,94161,94167,94174,94181,94184,94186,94219],[10,92579,3247,92581,10249,92583,92586],{"id":92580},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92582,35691],{},[15,92584,92585],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92588,92589,1017,92591,92593],{},[15,92590,35691],{},[15,92592,92585],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[155,92595,92596,92604],{},[158,92597,92598,92600,92601],{},[15,92599,35691],{}," creates a ",[30,92602,92603],{},"range object",[158,92605,92606,92600,92608],{},[15,92607,92585],{},[30,92609,92610],{},"real list",[20,92612,92613,92614,92616,92617,92620,92621,92623,92624,92626],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92615,90359],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92618,92619],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92622,35691],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92625,92585],{}," when you actually need a list.",[35,92628,3281],{"id":3280},[40,92630,92632],{"className":42,"code":92631,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92633,92634,92648,92661],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92635,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92637,3291],{"class":55},[49,92639,60],{"class":59},[49,92641,53572],{"class":122},[49,92643,126],{"class":63},[49,92645,1807],{"class":80},[49,92647,335],{"class":63},[49,92649,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92651,123],{"class":122},[49,92653,126],{"class":63},[49,92655,3323],{"class":112},[49,92657,131],{"class":63},[49,92659,92660],{"class":134},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[49,92662,92663,92665,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,92664,123],{"class":122},[49,92666,126],{"class":63},[49,92668,7767],{"class":1428},[49,92670,126],{"class":63},[49,92672,3323],{"class":112},[49,92674,5034],{"class":63},[49,92676,92677],{"class":134},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92679,1762,92680,92682,92683,92685],{},[15,92681,35691],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92684,92585],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[35,92687,92689],{"id":92688},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92691,92692],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[155,92694,92695,92702,92707,92710],{},[158,92696,92697,21459,92699,92701],{},[15,92698,35691],{},[30,92700,92603],{},", not a list",[158,92703,92704,92706],{},[15,92705,92585],{}," converts that range object into a list",[158,92708,92709],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[158,92711,92712],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92714,1244],{},[40,92716,92718],{"className":42,"code":92717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92719,92720,92735,92754,92758,92768],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92721,92722,92725,92727,92729,92731,92733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92723,92724],{"class":55},"r ",[49,92726,60],{"class":59},[49,92728,53572],{"class":122},[49,92730,126],{"class":63},[49,92732,1807],{"class":80},[49,92734,335],{"class":63},[49,92736,92737,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92738,92739],{"class":55},"lst ",[49,92741,60],{"class":59},[49,92743,22044],{"class":1428},[49,92745,126],{"class":63},[49,92747,59502],{"class":122},[49,92749,126],{"class":63},[49,92751,1807],{"class":80},[49,92753,1436],{"class":63},[49,92755,92756],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,92757,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,92759,92760,92762,92764,92766],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,92761,123],{"class":122},[49,92763,126],{"class":63},[49,92765,60009],{"class":112},[49,92767,335],{"class":63},[49,92769,92770,92772,92774,92777],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,92771,123],{"class":122},[49,92773,126],{"class":63},[49,92775,92776],{"class":112},"lst",[49,92778,335],{"class":63},[20,92780,573],{},[40,92782,92784],{"className":42,"code":92783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92785,92786,92800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92787,92788,92790,92792,92794,92796,92798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92789,59502],{"class":122},[49,92791,126],{"class":63},[49,92793,1790],{"class":80},[49,92795,84],{"class":63},[49,92797,4279],{"class":80},[49,92799,335],{"class":63},[49,92801,92802,92804,92806,92808,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92803,3573],{"class":63},[49,92805,1790],{"class":80},[49,92807,84],{"class":63},[49,92809,81],{"class":80},[49,92811,84],{"class":63},[49,92813,97],{"class":80},[49,92815,84],{"class":63},[49,92817,2120],{"class":80},[49,92819,84],{"class":63},[49,92821,2126],{"class":80},[49,92823,3309],{"class":63},[20,92825,92826],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[40,92828,92830],{"className":42,"code":92829,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92831,92832,92850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92833,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92835,123],{"class":122},[49,92837,126],{"class":63},[49,92839,1429],{"class":1428},[49,92841,126],{"class":63},[49,92843,59502],{"class":122},[49,92845,126],{"class":63},[49,92847,1807],{"class":80},[49,92849,2582],{"class":63},[49,92851,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92853,123],{"class":122},[49,92855,126],{"class":63},[49,92857,1429],{"class":1428},[49,92859,126],{"class":63},[49,92861,7767],{"class":1428},[49,92863,126],{"class":63},[49,92865,59502],{"class":122},[49,92867,126],{"class":63},[49,92869,1807],{"class":80},[49,92871,92872],{"class":63},"))))\n",[20,92874,573],{},[40,92876,92878],{"className":42,"code":92877,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92879,92880,92894],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92881,92882,92884,92886,92888,92890,92892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92883,2962],{"class":59},[49,92885,2965],{"class":1734},[49,92887,406],{"class":67},[49,92889,59502],{"class":71},[49,92891,397],{"class":67},[49,92893,2974],{"class":59},[49,92895,92896,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92897,2962],{"class":59},[49,92899,2965],{"class":1734},[49,92901,406],{"class":67},[49,92903,7767],{"class":71},[49,92905,397],{"class":67},[49,92907,2974],{"class":59},[20,92909,92910,92911,92913,92914,109],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92912,35691],{}," works, see ",[72,92915,3247,92916,3180],{"href":92569},[15,92917,35691],{},[35,92919,144,92921,92923],{"id":92920},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92922,35691],{}," gives you",[20,92925,92926,92928,92929,92931],{},[15,92927,35691],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92930,5630],{}," loops.",[155,92933,92934,92937,92940,92943],{},[158,92935,92936],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[158,92938,92939],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[158,92941,92942],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[158,92944,92945,92946],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92947,92948],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92950,1244],{},[40,92952,92954],{"className":42,"code":92953,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92955,92956,92972],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92957,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92959,5630],{"class":973},[49,92961,69053],{"class":55},[49,92963,3555],{"class":973},[49,92965,53572],{"class":122},[49,92967,126],{"class":63},[49,92969,1807],{"class":80},[49,92971,8016],{"class":63},[49,92973,92974,92976,92978,92980],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92975,7742],{"class":122},[49,92977,126],{"class":63},[49,92979,35647],{"class":112},[49,92981,335],{"class":63},[20,92983,573],{},[40,92985,92987],{"className":42,"code":92986,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92988,92989,92993,92997,93001,93005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92990,92991],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92992,46751],{"class":80},[49,92994,92995],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,92996,46416],{"class":80},[49,92998,92999],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93000,16537],{"class":80},[49,93002,93003],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,93004,46116],{"class":80},[49,93006,93007],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,93008,48150],{"class":80},[20,93010,20254,93011,93013],{},[15,93012,90359],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93015,93016,93017,93019,93020,109],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93018,35691],{}," is so common with ",[72,93021,3247,93023,90390],{"href":93022},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93024,5630],{},[20,93026,93027],{},"You can also inspect it:",[40,93029,93031],{"className":42,"code":93030,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93032,93033,93055,93059,93069,93083],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93034,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93036,92724],{"class":55},[49,93038,60],{"class":59},[49,93040,53572],{"class":122},[49,93042,126],{"class":63},[49,93044,1725],{"class":80},[49,93046,84],{"class":63},[49,93048,5677],{"class":80},[49,93050,84],{"class":63},[49,93052,97],{"class":80},[49,93054,335],{"class":63},[49,93056,93057],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93058,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,93060,93061,93063,93065,93067],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93062,123],{"class":122},[49,93064,126],{"class":63},[49,93066,60009],{"class":112},[49,93068,335],{"class":63},[49,93070,93071,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,93072,123],{"class":122},[49,93074,126],{"class":63},[49,93076,10824],{"class":122},[49,93078,126],{"class":63},[49,93080,60009],{"class":112},[49,93082,1436],{"class":63},[49,93084,93085,93087,93089,93091,93093,93096],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,93086,123],{"class":122},[49,93088,126],{"class":63},[49,93090,80099],{"class":80},[49,93092,20657],{"class":973},[49,93094,93095],{"class":112}," r",[49,93097,335],{"class":63},[20,93099,573],{},[40,93101,93103],{"className":42,"code":93102,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93104,93105,93123,93127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93106,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93108,59502],{"class":122},[49,93110,126],{"class":63},[49,93112,1725],{"class":80},[49,93114,84],{"class":63},[49,93116,5677],{"class":80},[49,93118,84],{"class":63},[49,93120,97],{"class":80},[49,93122,335],{"class":63},[49,93124,93125],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93126,48150],{"class":80},[49,93128,93129],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93130,1007],{"class":583},[35,93132,144,93134,92923],{"id":93133},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93135,92585],{},[20,93137,93138,93140],{},[15,93139,92585],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[155,93142,93143,93146,93149,93152],{},[158,93144,93145],{},"It creates all values at once",[158,93147,93148],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[158,93150,93151],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[158,93153,93154,93155,93157],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93156,35691],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93159,1244],{},[40,93161,93163],{"className":42,"code":93162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93164,93165,93183,93187,93197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93166,93167,93169,93171,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93168,3291],{"class":55},[49,93170,60],{"class":59},[49,93172,22044],{"class":1428},[49,93174,126],{"class":63},[49,93176,59502],{"class":122},[49,93178,126],{"class":63},[49,93180,1807],{"class":80},[49,93182,1436],{"class":63},[49,93184,93185],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93186,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,93188,93189,93191,93193,93195],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93190,123],{"class":122},[49,93192,126],{"class":63},[49,93194,3323],{"class":112},[49,93196,335],{"class":63},[49,93198,93199,93201,93203,93205,93207,93209],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,93200,123],{"class":122},[49,93202,126],{"class":63},[49,93204,3323],{"class":112},[49,93206,3573],{"class":63},[49,93208,1725],{"class":80},[49,93210,3561],{"class":63},[20,93212,573],{},[40,93214,93216],{"className":42,"code":93215,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93217,93218,93242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93219,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93221,3573],{"class":63},[49,93223,1790],{"class":80},[49,93225,84],{"class":63},[49,93227,81],{"class":80},[49,93229,84],{"class":63},[49,93231,97],{"class":80},[49,93233,84],{"class":63},[49,93235,2120],{"class":80},[49,93237,84],{"class":63},[49,93239,2126],{"class":80},[49,93241,3309],{"class":63},[49,93243,93244],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93245,16537],{"class":80},[20,93247,93248],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93250,93251,93252,109],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[72,93253,3247,93254,3180],{"href":64352},[15,93255,24266],{},[35,93257,1223,93259],{"id":93258},"when-to-use-range",[15,93260,35691],{},[20,93262,1762,93263,10265],{},[15,93264,35691],{},[155,93266,93267,93272,93275,93278],{},[158,93268,93269,93270,91119],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93271,5630],{},[158,93273,93274],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[158,93276,93277],{},"You are working with large sequences",[158,93279,93280],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93282,1244],{},[40,93284,93286],{"className":42,"code":93285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93287,93288,93308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93289,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93291,5630],{"class":973},[49,93293,69053],{"class":55},[49,93295,3555],{"class":973},[49,93297,53572],{"class":122},[49,93299,126],{"class":63},[49,93301,2659],{"class":80},[49,93303,84],{"class":63},[49,93305,37138],{"class":80},[49,93307,8016],{"class":63},[49,93309,93310,93312,93314,93316,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93311,7742],{"class":122},[49,93313,126],{"class":63},[49,93315,68],{"class":67},[49,93317,93318],{"class":71},"Count:",[49,93320,68],{"class":67},[49,93322,84],{"class":63},[49,93324,35622],{"class":112},[49,93326,335],{"class":63},[20,93328,573],{},[40,93330,93332],{"className":42,"code":93331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93333,93334,93343,93351,93359,93367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93335,93336,93339,93341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93337,93338],{"class":55},"Count",[49,93340,77],{"class":63},[49,93342,29102],{"class":80},[49,93344,93345,93347,93349],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93346,93338],{"class":55},[49,93348,77],{"class":63},[49,93350,45088],{"class":80},[49,93352,93353,93355,93357],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93354,93338],{"class":55},[49,93356,77],{"class":63},[49,93358,2247],{"class":80},[49,93360,93361,93363,93365],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,93362,93338],{"class":55},[49,93364,77],{"class":63},[49,93366,23148],{"class":80},[49,93368,93369,93371,93373],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,93370,93338],{"class":55},[49,93372,77],{"class":63},[49,93374,34333],{"class":80},[20,93376,93377],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93379,93380,93381,93383,93384,61792,93386,109],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93382,35241],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93385,36092],{},[72,93387,36099,93389,36102],{"href":93388},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93390,35241],{},[35,93392,1223,93394],{"id":93393},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93395,92585],{},[20,93397,1762,93398,10265],{},[15,93399,92585],{},[155,93401,93402,93405,93408,93411],{},[158,93403,93404],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[158,93406,93407],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[158,93409,93410],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[158,93412,93413],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93415,1244],{},[40,93417,93419],{"className":42,"code":93418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93420,93421,93439,93453,93457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93422,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431,93433,93435,93437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93424,3291],{"class":55},[49,93426,60],{"class":59},[49,93428,22044],{"class":1428},[49,93430,126],{"class":63},[49,93432,59502],{"class":122},[49,93434,126],{"class":63},[49,93436,1807],{"class":80},[49,93438,1436],{"class":63},[49,93440,93441,93443,93445,93447,93449,93451],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93442,3323],{"class":55},[49,93444,109],{"class":63},[49,93446,13031],{"class":112},[49,93448,126],{"class":63},[49,93450,1807],{"class":80},[49,93452,335],{"class":63},[49,93454,93455],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93456,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,93458,93459,93461,93463,93465],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,93460,123],{"class":122},[49,93462,126],{"class":63},[49,93464,3323],{"class":112},[49,93466,335],{"class":63},[20,93468,573],{},[40,93470,93472],{"className":42,"code":93471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93473,93474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93475,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496,93498,93500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93477,3573],{"class":63},[49,93479,1790],{"class":80},[49,93481,84],{"class":63},[49,93483,81],{"class":80},[49,93485,84],{"class":63},[49,93487,97],{"class":80},[49,93489,84],{"class":63},[49,93491,2120],{"class":80},[49,93493,84],{"class":63},[49,93495,2126],{"class":80},[49,93497,84],{"class":63},[49,93499,4279],{"class":80},[49,93501,3309],{"class":63},[20,93503,5733,93504,93506],{},[15,93505,3323],{}," is a list.",[35,93508,15076],{"id":15075},[20,93510,93511,93513,93514,109],{},[15,93512,35691],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[30,93515,37092],{},[20,93517,1777],{},[155,93519,93520,93522,93527,93532,93535],{},[158,93521,21469],{},[158,93523,93524,93525],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93526,41858],{},[158,93528,93529,93530],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93531,3555],{},[158,93533,93534],{},"You can index it",[158,93536,93537,93538,93540],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93539,52154],{}," do not work on it",[20,93542,1244],{},[40,93544,93546],{"className":42,"code":93545,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93547,93548,93562,93566,93580,93594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93551,92724],{"class":55},[49,93553,60],{"class":59},[49,93555,53572],{"class":122},[49,93557,126],{"class":63},[49,93559,1807],{"class":80},[49,93561,335],{"class":63},[49,93563,93564],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93565,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,93567,93568,93570,93572,93574,93576,93578],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93569,123],{"class":122},[49,93571,126],{"class":63},[49,93573,60009],{"class":112},[49,93575,3573],{"class":63},[49,93577,1725],{"class":80},[49,93579,3561],{"class":63},[49,93581,93582,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,93583,123],{"class":122},[49,93585,126],{"class":63},[49,93587,10824],{"class":122},[49,93589,126],{"class":63},[49,93591,60009],{"class":112},[49,93593,1436],{"class":63},[49,93595,93596,93598,93600,93602,93604,93606],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,93597,123],{"class":122},[49,93599,126],{"class":63},[49,93601,1731],{"class":80},[49,93603,20657],{"class":973},[49,93605,93095],{"class":112},[49,93607,335],{"class":63},[20,93609,573],{},[40,93611,93613],{"className":42,"code":93612,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93614,93615,93619,93623],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93616,93617],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93618,16537],{"class":80},[49,93620,93621],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93622,2617],{"class":80},[49,93624,93625],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93626,1007],{"class":583},[20,93628,93629],{},"Now compare that with this:",[40,93631,93633],{"className":42,"code":93632,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93634,93635,93649],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93636,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93638,92724],{"class":55},[49,93640,60],{"class":59},[49,93642,53572],{"class":122},[49,93644,126],{"class":63},[49,93646,1807],{"class":80},[49,93648,335],{"class":63},[49,93650,93651,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93652,60009],{"class":55},[49,93654,109],{"class":63},[49,93656,13031],{"class":112},[49,93658,126],{"class":63},[49,93660,1807],{"class":80},[49,93662,335],{"class":63},[20,93664,573],{},[40,93666,93668],{"className":42,"code":93667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93669,93670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93671,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682,93684,93687,93689,93691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93673,25157],{"class":1428},[49,93675,77],{"class":63},[49,93677,406],{"class":67},[49,93679,59502],{"class":71},[49,93681,397],{"class":67},[49,93683,24102],{"class":1428},[49,93685,93686],{"class":55}," has no attribute ",[49,93688,397],{"class":67},[49,93690,13031],{"class":71},[49,93692,29187],{"class":67},[20,93694,93695,93696,1858,93698,1862,93700,93702],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93697,52154],{},[15,93699,55031],{},[15,93701,63816],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93704,93705,93706,109],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[72,93707,25165,93708],{"href":34911},[15,93709,33745],{},[35,93711,93713],{"id":93712},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93715,93716],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[40,93718,93719],{"className":42,"code":92195,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93720,93721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93722,93723,93725,93727,93729,93731,93733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93724,123],{"class":122},[49,93726,126],{"class":63},[49,93728,59502],{"class":122},[49,93730,126],{"class":63},[49,93732,1807],{"class":80},[49,93734,1436],{"class":63},[20,93736,93737],{},"to show:",[40,93739,93740],{"className":42,"code":59525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93741,93742],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93743,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752,93754,93756,93758,93760,93762,93764],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93745,3573],{"class":63},[49,93747,1790],{"class":80},[49,93749,84],{"class":63},[49,93751,81],{"class":80},[49,93753,84],{"class":63},[49,93755,97],{"class":80},[49,93757,84],{"class":63},[49,93759,2120],{"class":80},[49,93761,84],{"class":63},[49,93763,2126],{"class":80},[49,93765,3309],{"class":63},[20,93767,93768],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[40,93770,93771],{"className":42,"code":92216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93772,93773],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93774,93775,93777,93779,93781,93783,93785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93776,59502],{"class":122},[49,93778,126],{"class":63},[49,93780,1790],{"class":80},[49,93782,84],{"class":63},[49,93784,4279],{"class":80},[49,93786,335],{"class":63},[20,93788,4302,93789,93791],{},[30,93790,600],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93793,93794,93795,93797],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[30,93796,92603],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93799,93800],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[40,93802,93803],{"className":42,"code":90552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93804,93805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93806,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93808,123],{"class":122},[49,93810,126],{"class":63},[49,93812,7767],{"class":1428},[49,93814,126],{"class":63},[49,93816,59502],{"class":122},[49,93818,126],{"class":63},[49,93820,1807],{"class":80},[49,93822,2582],{"class":63},[20,93824,573],{},[40,93826,93827],{"className":42,"code":59525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93828,93829],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93830,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93832,3573],{"class":63},[49,93834,1790],{"class":80},[49,93836,84],{"class":63},[49,93838,81],{"class":80},[49,93840,84],{"class":63},[49,93842,97],{"class":80},[49,93844,84],{"class":63},[49,93846,2120],{"class":80},[49,93848,84],{"class":63},[49,93850,2126],{"class":80},[49,93852,3309],{"class":63},[35,93854,1376],{"id":1375},[20,93856,93857],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[155,93859,93860,93866,93869,93875],{},[158,93861,8092,93862,93865],{},[15,93863,93864],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[158,93867,93868],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[158,93870,93871,93872,93874],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93873,35691],{}," is iterable but not a list",[158,93876,8092,93877,93879,93880,93882],{},[15,93878,92585],{}," when plain ",[15,93881,35691],{}," would be simpler",[20,93884,93885],{},"These quick checks can help:",[40,93887,93889],{"className":42,"code":93888,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93890,93891,93905,93923,93941,93963,93981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93892,93893,93895,93897,93899,93901,93903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93894,123],{"class":122},[49,93896,126],{"class":63},[49,93898,59502],{"class":122},[49,93900,126],{"class":63},[49,93902,1807],{"class":80},[49,93904,1436],{"class":63},[49,93906,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915,93917,93919,93921],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,93908,123],{"class":122},[49,93910,126],{"class":63},[49,93912,7767],{"class":1428},[49,93914,126],{"class":63},[49,93916,59502],{"class":122},[49,93918,126],{"class":63},[49,93920,1807],{"class":80},[49,93922,2582],{"class":63},[49,93924,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,93926,123],{"class":122},[49,93928,126],{"class":63},[49,93930,1429],{"class":1428},[49,93932,126],{"class":63},[49,93934,59502],{"class":122},[49,93936,126],{"class":63},[49,93938,1807],{"class":80},[49,93940,2582],{"class":63},[49,93942,93943,93945,93947,93949,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,93944,123],{"class":122},[49,93946,126],{"class":63},[49,93948,1429],{"class":1428},[49,93950,126],{"class":63},[49,93952,7767],{"class":1428},[49,93954,126],{"class":63},[49,93956,59502],{"class":122},[49,93958,126],{"class":63},[49,93960,1807],{"class":80},[49,93962,92872],{"class":63},[49,93964,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975,93977,93979],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,93966,123],{"class":122},[49,93968,126],{"class":63},[49,93970,1731],{"class":80},[49,93972,20657],{"class":973},[49,93974,53572],{"class":122},[49,93976,126],{"class":63},[49,93978,1807],{"class":80},[49,93980,1436],{"class":63},[49,93982,93983,93985,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,93984,123],{"class":122},[49,93986,126],{"class":63},[49,93988,10824],{"class":122},[49,93990,126],{"class":63},[49,93992,59502],{"class":122},[49,93994,126],{"class":63},[49,93996,1807],{"class":80},[49,93998,2582],{"class":63},[20,94000,573],{},[40,94002,94004],{"className":42,"code":94003,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94005,94006,94020,94044,94058,94072,94076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94007,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94009,59502],{"class":122},[49,94011,126],{"class":63},[49,94013,1790],{"class":80},[49,94015,84],{"class":63},[49,94017,4279],{"class":80},[49,94019,335],{"class":63},[49,94021,94022,94024,94026,94028,94030,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040,94042],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94023,3573],{"class":63},[49,94025,1790],{"class":80},[49,94027,84],{"class":63},[49,94029,81],{"class":80},[49,94031,84],{"class":63},[49,94033,97],{"class":80},[49,94035,84],{"class":63},[49,94037,2120],{"class":80},[49,94039,84],{"class":63},[49,94041,2126],{"class":80},[49,94043,3309],{"class":63},[49,94045,94046,94048,94050,94052,94054,94056],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,94047,2962],{"class":59},[49,94049,2965],{"class":1734},[49,94051,406],{"class":67},[49,94053,59502],{"class":71},[49,94055,397],{"class":67},[49,94057,2974],{"class":59},[49,94059,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,94061,2962],{"class":59},[49,94063,2965],{"class":1734},[49,94065,406],{"class":67},[49,94067,7767],{"class":71},[49,94069,397],{"class":67},[49,94071,2974],{"class":59},[49,94073,94074],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,94075,1007],{"class":583},[49,94077,94078],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,94079,2617],{"class":80},[35,94081,1498],{"id":1497},[591,94083,14382,94085,94087],{"id":94084},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94086,35691],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94089,45864,94090,94092],{},[15,94091,35691],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[591,94094,94096,94097,10754,94099,1529],{"id":94095},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94098,35691],{},[15,94100,92585],{},[20,94102,94103,94105,94106,94108],{},[15,94104,35691],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94107,92585],{}," creates a full list.",[591,94110,94112],{"id":94111},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94114,94115],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94117,1244],{},[40,94119,94121],{"className":42,"code":94120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94122,94123,94137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94124,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133,94135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94126,92724],{"class":55},[49,94128,60],{"class":59},[49,94130,53572],{"class":122},[49,94132,126],{"class":63},[49,94134,1807],{"class":80},[49,94136,335],{"class":63},[49,94138,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94140,123],{"class":122},[49,94142,126],{"class":63},[49,94144,60009],{"class":112},[49,94146,3573],{"class":63},[49,94148,2659],{"class":80},[49,94150,3561],{"class":63},[20,94152,573],{},[40,94154,94155],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,94156,94157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94158,94159],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94160,46416],{"class":80},[591,94162,4830,94164,94166],{"id":94163},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94165,93864],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94168,94169,94170,94173],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94171,94172],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[591,94175,94177,94178,94180],{"id":94176},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94179,35691],{}," to a list?",[20,94182,94183],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[35,94185,1550],{"id":1549},[155,94187,94188,94194,94200,94207,94213],{},[158,94189,94190],{},[72,94191,3247,94192,3180],{"href":92569},[15,94193,35691],{},[158,94195,94196],{},[72,94197,3247,94198,3180],{"href":64352},[15,94199,24266],{},[158,94201,94202],{},[72,94203,3247,94204,94206],{"href":93022},[15,94205,5630],{}," loops explained",[158,94208,94209],{},[72,94210,37013,94211,36102],{"href":93388},[15,94212,35241],{},[158,94214,94215],{},[72,94216,25608,94217],{"href":34911},[15,94218,33745],{},[1597,94220,94221],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":94223},[94224,94225,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234,94235,94236,94237,94248],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":92688,"depth":103,"text":92689},{"id":92920,"depth":103,"text":94227},"What range() gives you",{"id":93133,"depth":103,"text":94229},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93258,"depth":103,"text":94231},"When to use range()",{"id":93393,"depth":103,"text":94233},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15075,"depth":103,"text":15076},{"id":93712,"depth":103,"text":93713},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":94238},[94239,94241,94243,94244,94246],{"id":94084,"depth":119,"text":94240},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94095,"depth":119,"text":94242},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94111,"depth":119,"text":94112},{"id":94163,"depth":119,"text":94245},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94176,"depth":119,"text":94247},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92575,"description":94249},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94256,"title":94257,"body":94258,"description":95694,"extension":1632,"meta":95695,"navigation":312,"path":95696,"seo":95697,"stem":95698,"__hash__":95699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94259,"toc":95660},[94260,94266,94271,94274,94288,94291,94293,94332,94334,94347,94355,94360,94376,94379,94381,94383,94404,94421,94424,94483,94485,94504,94509,94515,94518,94552,94554,94567,94570,94615,94617,94640,94647,94653,94656,94697,94699,94713,94716,94774,94776,94791,94804,94810,94816,94881,94883,94902,94904,94922,94925,94929,94935,94937,94970,94972,94985,94995,94998,95059,95061,95082,95085,95087,95103,95108,95112,95117,95122,95178,95180,95198,95201,95246,95248,95256,95261,95265,95279,95281,95313,95315,95324,95326,95330,95339,95342,95374,95376,95388,95391,95395,95400,95441,95443,95451,95454,95477,95481,95483,95492,95495,95548,95550,95559,95563,95568,95579,95581,95590,95593,95599,95602,95608,95618,95626,95633,95635,95657],[10,94261,3247,94263,3251],{"id":94262},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94264,94265],{},"round()",[20,94267,8798,94268,94270],{},[15,94269,94265],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94272,94273],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[155,94275,94276,94282],{},[158,94277,94278,94281],{},[15,94279,94280],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[158,94283,94284,94287],{},[15,94285,94286],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94289,94290],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[35,94292,38],{"id":37},[40,94294,94296],{"className":42,"code":94295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94297,94298,94314],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94299,94300,94302,94304,94307,94309,94312],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94301,123],{"class":122},[49,94303,126],{"class":63},[49,94305,94306],{"class":122},"round",[49,94308,126],{"class":63},[49,94310,94311],{"class":80},"3.14159",[49,94313,1436],{"class":63},[49,94315,94316,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94317,123],{"class":122},[49,94319,126],{"class":63},[49,94321,94306],{"class":122},[49,94323,126],{"class":63},[49,94325,94311],{"class":80},[49,94327,84],{"class":63},[49,94329,97],{"class":80},[49,94331,1436],{"class":63},[20,94333,573],{},[40,94335,94337],{"className":42,"code":94336,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94338,94339,94343],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94340,94341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94342,46116],{"class":80},[49,94344,94345],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94346,39673],{"class":80},[20,94348,1762,94349,94351,94352,94354],{},[15,94350,94280],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94353,94286],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[35,94356,144,94358,147],{"id":94357},"what-round-does",[15,94359,94265],{},[155,94361,94362,94367,94370,94373],{},[158,94363,94364,94366],{},[15,94365,94265],{}," is a built-in Python function",[158,94368,94369],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[158,94371,94372],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[158,94374,94375],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94377,94378],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[35,94380,189],{"id":188},[20,94382,1830],{},[40,94384,94386],{"className":42,"code":94385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94387,94388],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94389,94390,94392,94394,94396,94399,94402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94391,94306],{"class":122},[49,94393,126],{"class":63},[49,94395,1908],{"class":112},[49,94397,94398],{"class":63},"[,",[49,94400,94401],{"class":112}," ndigits",[49,94403,3561],{"class":63},[155,94405,94406,94411,94416],{},[158,94407,94408,94410],{},[15,94409,1908],{}," is the value to round",[158,94412,94413,19522],{},[15,94414,94415],{},"ndigits",[158,94417,94418,94420],{},[15,94419,94415],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94422,94423],{},"Basic examples:",[40,94425,94427],{"className":42,"code":94426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94428,94429,94444,94462],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94430,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439,94442],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94432,123],{"class":122},[49,94434,126],{"class":63},[49,94436,94306],{"class":122},[49,94438,126],{"class":63},[49,94440,94441],{"class":80},"7.8",[49,94443,1436],{"class":63},[49,94445,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94447,123],{"class":122},[49,94449,126],{"class":63},[49,94451,94306],{"class":122},[49,94453,126],{"class":63},[49,94455,94441],{"class":80},[49,94457,84],{"class":63},[49,94459,81],{"class":80},[49,94461,1436],{"class":63},[49,94463,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94475,94477,94479,94481],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,94465,123],{"class":122},[49,94467,126],{"class":63},[49,94469,94306],{"class":122},[49,94471,126],{"class":63},[49,94473,94474],{"class":80},"1234",[49,94476,84],{"class":63},[49,94478,1891],{"class":59},[49,94480,1725],{"class":80},[49,94482,1436],{"class":63},[20,94484,573],{},[40,94486,94488],{"className":42,"code":94487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94489,94490,94494,94499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94491,94492],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94493,2050],{"class":80},[49,94495,94496],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94497,94498],{"class":80},"7.8\n",[49,94500,94501],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,94502,94503],{"class":80},"1200\n",[20,94505,94506,94507,109],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[72,94508,2088],{"href":2087},[35,94510,8092,94512,94514],{"id":94511},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94513,94265],{}," with one argument",[20,94516,94517],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[40,94519,94521],{"className":42,"code":94520,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94522,94523,94537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94524,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94526,123],{"class":122},[49,94528,126],{"class":63},[49,94530,94306],{"class":122},[49,94532,126],{"class":63},[49,94534,2031],{"class":80},[49,94536,1436],{"class":63},[49,94538,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94550],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94540,123],{"class":122},[49,94542,126],{"class":63},[49,94544,94306],{"class":122},[49,94546,126],{"class":63},[49,94548,94549],{"class":80},"4.8",[49,94551,1436],{"class":63},[20,94553,573],{},[40,94555,94557],{"className":42,"code":94556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4\n5\n",[15,94558,94559,94563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94560,94561],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94562,48150],{"class":80},[49,94564,94565],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94566,2617],{"class":80},[20,94568,94569],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[40,94571,94573],{"className":42,"code":94572,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94574,94575,94591,94601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94576,94577,94579,94581,94584,94586,94589],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94578,534],{"class":55},[49,94580,60],{"class":59},[49,94582,94583],{"class":122}," round",[49,94585,126],{"class":63},[49,94587,94588],{"class":80},"10.2",[49,94590,335],{"class":63},[49,94592,94593,94595,94597,94599],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94594,123],{"class":122},[49,94596,126],{"class":63},[49,94598,558],{"class":112},[49,94600,335],{"class":63},[49,94602,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611,94613],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,94604,123],{"class":122},[49,94606,126],{"class":63},[49,94608,1429],{"class":1428},[49,94610,126],{"class":63},[49,94612,558],{"class":112},[49,94614,1436],{"class":63},[20,94616,573],{},[40,94618,94620],{"className":42,"code":94619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94621,94622,94626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94623,94624],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94625,2045],{"class":80},[49,94627,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94629,2962],{"class":59},[49,94631,2965],{"class":1734},[49,94633,406],{"class":67},[49,94635,1857],{"class":71},[49,94637,397],{"class":67},[49,94639,2974],{"class":59},[20,94641,94642,94643,109],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[72,94644,3247,94645,3180],{"href":2544},[15,94646,2547],{},[35,94648,8092,94650,94652],{"id":94649},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94651,94265],{}," with decimal places",[20,94654,94655],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[40,94657,94659],{"className":42,"code":94658,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94660,94661,94679],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94662,94663,94665,94667,94669,94671,94673,94675,94677],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94664,123],{"class":122},[49,94666,126],{"class":63},[49,94668,94306],{"class":122},[49,94670,126],{"class":63},[49,94672,94311],{"class":80},[49,94674,84],{"class":63},[49,94676,97],{"class":80},[49,94678,1436],{"class":63},[49,94680,94681,94683,94685,94687,94689,94691,94693,94695],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94682,123],{"class":122},[49,94684,126],{"class":63},[49,94686,94306],{"class":122},[49,94688,126],{"class":63},[49,94690,94311],{"class":80},[49,94692,84],{"class":63},[49,94694,2120],{"class":80},[49,94696,1436],{"class":63},[20,94698,573],{},[40,94700,94702],{"className":42,"code":94701,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94703,94704,94708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94705,94706],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94707,39673],{"class":80},[49,94709,94710],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94711,94712],{"class":80},"3.142\n",[20,94714,94715],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[40,94717,94719],{"className":42,"code":94718,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94720,94721,94730,94749,94753,94763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94722,94723,94725,94727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94724,39883],{"class":55},[49,94726,60],{"class":59},[49,94728,94729],{"class":80}," 19.9876\n",[49,94731,94732,94735,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745,94747],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94733,94734],{"class":55},"rounded_price ",[49,94736,60],{"class":59},[49,94738,94583],{"class":122},[49,94740,126],{"class":63},[49,94742,24635],{"class":112},[49,94744,84],{"class":63},[49,94746,97],{"class":80},[49,94748,335],{"class":63},[49,94750,94751],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,94752,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,94754,94755,94757,94759,94761],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,94756,123],{"class":122},[49,94758,126],{"class":63},[49,94760,24635],{"class":112},[49,94762,335],{"class":63},[49,94764,94765,94767,94769,94772],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,94766,123],{"class":122},[49,94768,126],{"class":63},[49,94770,94771],{"class":112},"rounded_price",[49,94773,335],{"class":63},[20,94775,573],{},[40,94777,94779],{"className":42,"code":94778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94780,94781,94786],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94782,94783],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94784,94785],{"class":80},"19.9876\n",[49,94787,94788],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94789,94790],{"class":80},"19.99\n",[20,94792,94793,94794,94797,94798,2548,94800,109],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94795,94796],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[72,94799,40388],{"href":40387},[72,94801,3247,94802,3180],{"href":2551},[15,94803,2554],{},[35,94805,94807,94808],{"id":94806},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94809,94415],{},[20,94811,94812,94813,94815],{},"A negative ",[15,94814,94415],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[40,94817,94819],{"className":42,"code":94818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94820,94821,94841,94861],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94822,94823,94825,94827,94829,94831,94833,94835,94837,94839],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94824,123],{"class":122},[49,94826,126],{"class":63},[49,94828,94306],{"class":122},[49,94830,126],{"class":63},[49,94832,94474],{"class":80},[49,94834,84],{"class":63},[49,94836,1891],{"class":59},[49,94838,2659],{"class":80},[49,94840,1436],{"class":63},[49,94842,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851,94853,94855,94857,94859],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94844,123],{"class":122},[49,94846,126],{"class":63},[49,94848,94306],{"class":122},[49,94850,126],{"class":63},[49,94852,94474],{"class":80},[49,94854,84],{"class":63},[49,94856,1891],{"class":59},[49,94858,1725],{"class":80},[49,94860,1436],{"class":63},[49,94862,94863,94865,94867,94869,94871,94873,94875,94877,94879],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,94864,123],{"class":122},[49,94866,126],{"class":63},[49,94868,94306],{"class":122},[49,94870,126],{"class":63},[49,94872,94474],{"class":80},[49,94874,84],{"class":63},[49,94876,1891],{"class":59},[49,94878,1731],{"class":80},[49,94880,1436],{"class":63},[20,94882,573],{},[40,94884,94886],{"className":42,"code":94885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94887,94888,94893,94897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94889,94890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94891,94892],{"class":80},"1230\n",[49,94894,94895],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94896,94503],{"class":80},[49,94898,94899],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,94900,94901],{"class":80},"1000\n",[20,94903,65089],{},[155,94905,94906,94911,94917],{},[158,94907,94908,94910],{},[15,94909,65359],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[158,94912,94913,94916],{},[15,94914,94915],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[158,94918,94919,94921],{},[15,94920,47170],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94923,94924],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[35,94926,94928],{"id":94927},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94930,94931,94932,109],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94933,94934],{},".5",[20,94936,5145],{},[40,94938,94940],{"className":42,"code":94939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94941,94942,94956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94943,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952,94954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94945,123],{"class":122},[49,94947,126],{"class":63},[49,94949,94306],{"class":122},[49,94951,126],{"class":63},[49,94953,40655],{"class":80},[49,94955,1436],{"class":63},[49,94957,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966,94968],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94959,123],{"class":122},[49,94961,126],{"class":63},[49,94963,94306],{"class":122},[49,94965,126],{"class":63},[49,94967,1708],{"class":80},[49,94969,1436],{"class":63},[20,94971,573],{},[40,94973,94975],{"className":42,"code":94974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n4\n",[15,94976,94977,94981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94978,94979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94980,16537],{"class":80},[49,94982,94983],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,94984,48150],{"class":80},[20,94986,94987,94988,94991,94992,94994],{},"Python uses ",[30,94989,94990],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94993,94934],{}," situations.",[20,94996,94997],{},"More examples:",[40,94999,95001],{"className":42,"code":95000,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95002,95003,95017,95031,95045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95004,95005,95007,95009,95011,95013,95015],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95006,123],{"class":122},[49,95008,126],{"class":63},[49,95010,94306],{"class":122},[49,95012,126],{"class":63},[49,95014,40668],{"class":80},[49,95016,1436],{"class":63},[49,95018,95019,95021,95023,95025,95027,95029],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95020,123],{"class":122},[49,95022,126],{"class":63},[49,95024,94306],{"class":122},[49,95026,126],{"class":63},[49,95028,40655],{"class":80},[49,95030,1436],{"class":63},[49,95032,95033,95035,95037,95039,95041,95043],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95034,123],{"class":122},[49,95036,126],{"class":63},[49,95038,94306],{"class":122},[49,95040,126],{"class":63},[49,95042,1708],{"class":80},[49,95044,1436],{"class":63},[49,95046,95047,95049,95051,95053,95055,95057],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,95048,123],{"class":122},[49,95050,126],{"class":63},[49,95052,94306],{"class":122},[49,95054,126],{"class":63},[49,95056,40620],{"class":80},[49,95058,1436],{"class":63},[20,95060,573],{},[40,95062,95064],{"className":42,"code":95063,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95065,95066,95070,95074,95078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95067,95068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95069,16537],{"class":80},[49,95071,95072],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95073,16537],{"class":80},[49,95075,95076],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95077,48150],{"class":80},[49,95079,95080],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,95081,48150],{"class":80},[20,95083,95084],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95086,10377],{},[155,95088,95089,95096],{},[158,95090,95091,1804,95094],{},[15,95092,95093],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95095,1725],{},[158,95097,95098,1804,95101],{},[15,95099,95100],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95102,2174],{},[20,95104,2841,95105,95107],{},[15,95106,94934],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[35,95109,95111],{"id":95110},"return-values","Return values",[20,95113,95114,95116],{},[15,95115,94265],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95118,40402,95119,95121],{},[30,95120,600],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[40,95123,95125],{"className":42,"code":95124,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95126,95127,95136,95140,95150,95168],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95128,95129,95131,95133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95130,2115],{"class":55},[49,95132,60],{"class":59},[49,95134,95135],{"class":80}," 3.14159\n",[49,95137,95138],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95139,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,95141,95142,95144,95146,95148],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95143,123],{"class":122},[49,95145,126],{"class":63},[49,95147,2142],{"class":112},[49,95149,335],{"class":63},[49,95151,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,95153,123],{"class":122},[49,95155,126],{"class":63},[49,95157,94306],{"class":122},[49,95159,126],{"class":63},[49,95161,2142],{"class":112},[49,95163,84],{"class":63},[49,95165,97],{"class":80},[49,95167,1436],{"class":63},[49,95169,95170,95172,95174,95176],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,95171,123],{"class":122},[49,95173,126],{"class":63},[49,95175,2142],{"class":112},[49,95177,335],{"class":63},[20,95179,573],{},[40,95181,95183],{"className":42,"code":95182,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95184,95185,95190,95194],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95186,95187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95188,95189],{"class":80},"3.14159\n",[49,95191,95192],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95193,39673],{"class":80},[49,95195,95196],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95197,95189],{"class":80},[20,95199,95200],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[40,95202,95204],{"className":42,"code":95203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95205,95206,95214,95232,95236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95207,95208,95210,95212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95209,2115],{"class":55},[49,95211,60],{"class":59},[49,95213,95135],{"class":80},[49,95215,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95217,2115],{"class":55},[49,95219,60],{"class":59},[49,95221,94583],{"class":122},[49,95223,126],{"class":63},[49,95225,2142],{"class":112},[49,95227,84],{"class":63},[49,95229,97],{"class":80},[49,95231,335],{"class":63},[49,95233,95234],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95235,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,95237,95238,95240,95242,95244],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,95239,123],{"class":122},[49,95241,126],{"class":63},[49,95243,2142],{"class":112},[49,95245,335],{"class":63},[20,95247,573],{},[40,95249,95250],{"className":42,"code":39673,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95251,95252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95253,95254],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95255,39673],{"class":80},[35,95257,1223,95259],{"id":95258},"when-to-use-round",[15,95260,94265],{},[20,95262,1762,95263,5991],{},[15,95264,94265],{},[155,95266,95267,95270,95273,95276],{},[158,95268,95269],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[158,95271,95272],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[158,95274,95275],{},"Round values before reporting results",[158,95277,95278],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95280,5145],{},[40,95282,95284],{"className":42,"code":95283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95285,95286,95295],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95287,95288,95290,95292],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95289,2266],{"class":55},[49,95291,60],{"class":59},[49,95293,95294],{"class":80}," 12.67891\n",[49,95296,95297,95299,95301,95303,95305,95307,95309,95311],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95298,123],{"class":122},[49,95300,126],{"class":63},[49,95302,94306],{"class":122},[49,95304,126],{"class":63},[49,95306,2289],{"class":112},[49,95308,84],{"class":63},[49,95310,97],{"class":80},[49,95312,1436],{"class":63},[20,95314,573],{},[40,95316,95318],{"className":42,"code":95317,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"12.68\n",[15,95319,95320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95321,95322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95323,95317],{"class":80},[35,95325,1376],{"id":1375},[20,95327,22579,95328,109],{},[15,95329,94265],{},[591,95331,1392,95333,95335,95336,95338],{"id":95332},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95334,94265],{}," to always round ",[15,95337,94934],{}," upward",[20,95340,95341],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[40,95343,95344],{"className":42,"code":94939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95345,95346,95360],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95347,95348,95350,95352,95354,95356,95358],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95349,123],{"class":122},[49,95351,126],{"class":63},[49,95353,94306],{"class":122},[49,95355,126],{"class":63},[49,95357,40655],{"class":80},[49,95359,1436],{"class":63},[49,95361,95362,95364,95366,95368,95370,95372],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95363,123],{"class":122},[49,95365,126],{"class":63},[49,95367,94306],{"class":122},[49,95369,126],{"class":63},[49,95371,1708],{"class":80},[49,95373,1436],{"class":63},[20,95375,573],{},[40,95377,95378],{"className":42,"code":94974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95379,95380,95384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95381,95382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95383,16537],{"class":80},[49,95385,95386],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95387,48150],{"class":80},[20,95389,95390],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[591,95392,95394],{"id":95393},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95396,95397,95399],{},[15,95398,94265],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[40,95401,95403],{"className":42,"code":95402,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95404,95405,95413,95427,95431],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95406,95407,95409,95411],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95408,2115],{"class":55},[49,95410,60],{"class":59},[49,95412,95135],{"class":80},[49,95414,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95416,94306],{"class":122},[49,95418,126],{"class":63},[49,95420,2142],{"class":112},[49,95422,84],{"class":63},[49,95424,97],{"class":80},[49,95426,335],{"class":63},[49,95428,95429],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95430,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,95432,95433,95435,95437,95439],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,95434,123],{"class":122},[49,95436,126],{"class":63},[49,95438,2142],{"class":112},[49,95440,335],{"class":63},[20,95442,573],{},[40,95444,95445],{"className":42,"code":95189,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95446,95447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95448,95449],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95450,95189],{"class":80},[20,95452,95453],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[40,95455,95457],{"className":42,"code":95456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95458,95459],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95460,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471,95473,95475],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95462,2115],{"class":55},[49,95464,60],{"class":59},[49,95466,94583],{"class":122},[49,95468,126],{"class":63},[49,95470,2142],{"class":112},[49,95472,84],{"class":63},[49,95474,97],{"class":80},[49,95476,335],{"class":63},[591,95478,95480],{"id":95479},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95482,15881],{},[40,95484,95486],{"className":42,"code":95485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95487,95488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95489,95490],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95491,95485],{"class":134},[20,95493,95494],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[40,95496,95498],{"className":42,"code":95497,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95499,95500,95512,95526,95530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95501,95502,95504,95506,95508,95510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95503,34178],{"class":55},[49,95505,60],{"class":59},[49,95507,87],{"class":67},[49,95509,39639],{"class":71},[49,95511,301],{"class":67},[49,95513,95514,95516,95518,95520,95522,95524],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95515,1886],{"class":55},[49,95517,60],{"class":59},[49,95519,39751],{"class":1428},[49,95521,126],{"class":63},[49,95523,34199],{"class":112},[49,95525,335],{"class":63},[49,95527,95528],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95529,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,95531,95532,95534,95536,95538,95540,95542,95544,95546],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,95533,123],{"class":122},[49,95535,126],{"class":63},[49,95537,94306],{"class":122},[49,95539,126],{"class":63},[49,95541,1908],{"class":112},[49,95543,84],{"class":63},[49,95545,81],{"class":80},[49,95547,1436],{"class":63},[20,95549,573],{},[40,95551,95553],{"className":42,"code":95552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.1\n",[15,95554,95555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95556,95557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95558,95552],{"class":80},[591,95560,95562],{"id":95561},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95564,95565,95567],{},[15,95566,94265],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95569,95570,95571,2548,95575,109],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[72,95572,95573],{"href":2551},[15,95574,2554],{},[72,95576,95577],{"href":2544},[15,95578,2547],{},[35,95580,1498],{"id":1497},[591,95582,1502,95584,95586,95587,95589],{"id":95583},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95585,94265],{}," always round ",[15,95588,39710],{}," up?",[20,95591,95592],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[591,95594,1502,95596,95598],{"id":95595},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95597,94265],{}," change the original number?",[20,95600,95601],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[591,95603,4842,95605,95607],{"id":95604},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95606,94265],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95609,95610,95611,95613,95614,2548,95616,109],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95612,94415],{}," value like ",[15,95615,65359],{},[15,95617,94915],{},[591,95619,27815,95621,95623,95624,1529],{"id":95620},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95622,94265],{}," on a string like ",[15,95625,47594],{},[20,95627,95628,95629,2548,95631,109],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95630,2554],{},[15,95632,2547],{},[35,95634,1550],{"id":1549},[155,95636,95637,95643,95649,95653],{},[158,95638,95639],{},[72,95640,3247,95641,3180],{"href":2551},[15,95642,2554],{},[158,95644,95645],{},[72,95646,3247,95647,3180],{"href":2544},[15,95648,2547],{},[158,95650,95651],{},[72,95652,2088],{"href":2087},[158,95654,95655],{},[72,95656,41678],{"href":40387},[1597,95658,95659],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":95661},[95662,95663,95665,95666,95668,95670,95672,95673,95674,95676,95683,95693],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":94357,"depth":103,"text":95664},"What round() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":94511,"depth":103,"text":95667},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94649,"depth":103,"text":95669},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94806,"depth":103,"text":95671},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94927,"depth":103,"text":94928},{"id":95110,"depth":103,"text":95111},{"id":95258,"depth":103,"text":95675},"When to use round()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":95677},[95678,95680,95681,95682],{"id":95332,"depth":119,"text":95679},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95393,"depth":119,"text":95394},{"id":95479,"depth":119,"text":95480},{"id":95561,"depth":119,"text":95562},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":95684},[95685,95687,95689,95691],{"id":95583,"depth":119,"text":95686},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95595,"depth":119,"text":95688},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95604,"depth":119,"text":95690},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95620,"depth":119,"text":95692},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94257,"description":95694},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95701,"title":95702,"body":95703,"description":96888,"extension":1632,"meta":96889,"navigation":312,"path":96890,"seo":96891,"stem":96892,"__hash__":96893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95704,"toc":96862},[95705,95712,95718,95721,95723,95772,95776,95801,95806,95811,95816,95830,95841,95843,95862,95864,95880,95883,95894,95896,95898,95959,95963,95996,96003,96010,96013,96046,96049,96053,96056,96109,96113,96134,96140,96147,96154,96215,96223,96300,96304,96316,96325,96327,96333,96339,96343,96396,96399,96457,96461,96469,96472,96476,96479,96489,96491,96588,96591,96602,96605,96648,96652,96676,96679,96685,96687,96691,96716,96718,96785,96794,96796,96802,96807,96811,96814,96818,96825,96829,96834,96836,96853,96859],[10,95706,95708,95709,18],{"id":95707},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95710,95711],{},"add()",[20,95713,95714,95717],{},[15,95715,95716],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95719,95720],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[35,95722,38],{"id":37},[40,95724,95726],{"className":42,"code":95725,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95727,95728,95748,95762],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95729,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738,95740,95742,95744,95746],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95731,3291],{"class":55},[49,95733,60],{"class":59},[49,95735,64],{"class":63},[49,95737,2659],{"class":80},[49,95739,84],{"class":63},[49,95741,97],{"class":80},[49,95743,84],{"class":63},[49,95745,2120],{"class":80},[49,95747,100],{"class":63},[49,95749,95750,95752,95754,95756,95758,95760],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95751,3323],{"class":55},[49,95753,109],{"class":63},[49,95755,81611],{"class":112},[49,95757,126],{"class":63},[49,95759,2174],{"class":80},[49,95761,335],{"class":63},[49,95763,95764,95766,95768,95770],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95765,123],{"class":122},[49,95767,126],{"class":63},[49,95769,3323],{"class":112},[49,95771,335],{"class":63},[20,95773,95774],{},[30,95775,573],{},[40,95777,95779],{"className":42,"code":95778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95780,95781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95782,95783,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95784,8949],{"class":63},[49,95786,2659],{"class":80},[49,95788,84],{"class":63},[49,95790,97],{"class":80},[49,95792,84],{"class":63},[49,95794,2120],{"class":80},[49,95796,84],{"class":63},[49,95798,2126],{"class":80},[49,95800,100],{"class":63},[20,95802,1762,95803,95805],{},[15,95804,95711],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[35,95807,144,95809,147],{"id":95808},"what-setadd-does",[15,95810,95716],{},[20,95812,95813,95815],{},[15,95814,95716],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[155,95817,95818,95821,95824,95827],{},[158,95819,95820],{},"Adds one item to a set",[158,95822,95823],{},"Changes the original set in place",[158,95825,95826],{},"Does not return a new set",[158,95828,95829],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95831,95832,95833,2548,95837,109],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[72,95834,95836],{"href":95835},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[72,95838,95840],{"href":95839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[35,95842,189],{"id":188},[40,95844,95846],{"className":42,"code":95845,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95847,95848],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95849,95850,95852,95854,95856,95858,95860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95851,15146],{"class":55},[49,95853,109],{"class":63},[49,95855,81611],{"class":112},[49,95857,126],{"class":63},[49,95859,22795],{"class":112},[49,95861,335],{"class":63},[20,95863,208],{},[155,95865,95866,95871,95874],{},[158,95867,55411,95868,95870],{},[15,95869,95711],{}," on an existing set",[158,95872,95873],{},"Pass exactly one item",[158,95875,95876,95877],{},"The item must be ",[30,95878,95879],{},"hashable",[20,95881,95882],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[155,95884,95885,95887,95889,95892],{},[158,95886,55964],{},[158,95888,55967],{},[158,95890,95891],{},"Tuples",[158,95893,40091],{},[35,95895,225],{"id":224},[20,95897,228],{},[40,95899,95901],{"className":42,"code":95900,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95902,95903,95927,95945,95949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95904,95905,95907,95909,95911,95913,95915,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95906,12553],{"class":55},[49,95908,60],{"class":59},[49,95910,64],{"class":63},[49,95912,68],{"class":67},[49,95914,12570],{"class":71},[49,95916,68],{"class":67},[49,95918,84],{"class":63},[49,95920,87],{"class":67},[49,95922,12587],{"class":71},[49,95924,68],{"class":67},[49,95926,100],{"class":63},[49,95928,95929,95931,95933,95935,95937,95939,95941,95943],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,95930,16984],{"class":55},[49,95932,109],{"class":63},[49,95934,81611],{"class":112},[49,95936,126],{"class":63},[49,95938,68],{"class":67},[49,95940,16937],{"class":71},[49,95942,68],{"class":67},[49,95944,335],{"class":63},[49,95946,95947],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,95948,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,95950,95951,95953,95955,95957],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,95952,123],{"class":122},[49,95954,126],{"class":63},[49,95956,16984],{"class":112},[49,95958,335],{"class":63},[20,95960,95961],{},[30,95962,29517],{},[40,95964,95966],{"className":42,"code":95965,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95967,95968],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95969,95970,95972,95974,95976,95978,95980,95982,95984,95986,95988,95990,95992,95994],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95971,8949],{"class":63},[49,95973,397],{"class":67},[49,95975,12570],{"class":71},[49,95977,397],{"class":67},[49,95979,84],{"class":63},[49,95981,406],{"class":67},[49,95983,16937],{"class":71},[49,95985,397],{"class":67},[49,95987,84],{"class":63},[49,95989,406],{"class":67},[49,95991,12587],{"class":71},[49,95993,397],{"class":67},[49,95995,100],{"class":63},[20,95997,95998,95999,96002],{},"The new value ",[15,96000,96001],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96004,96005,96006,96009],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[30,96007,96008],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96011,96012],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[40,96014,96016],{"className":42,"code":96015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96017,96018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96019,96020,96022,96024,96026,96028,96030,96032,96034,96036,96038,96040,96042,96044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96021,8949],{"class":63},[49,96023,397],{"class":67},[49,96025,12587],{"class":71},[49,96027,397],{"class":67},[49,96029,84],{"class":63},[49,96031,406],{"class":67},[49,96033,12570],{"class":71},[49,96035,397],{"class":67},[49,96037,84],{"class":63},[49,96039,406],{"class":67},[49,96041,16937],{"class":71},[49,96043,397],{"class":67},[49,96045,100],{"class":63},[20,96047,96048],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[35,96050,96052],{"id":96051},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96054,96055],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[40,96057,96059],{"className":42,"code":96058,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96060,96061,96081,96095,96099],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96062,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96064,3291],{"class":55},[49,96066,60],{"class":59},[49,96068,64],{"class":63},[49,96070,2659],{"class":80},[49,96072,84],{"class":63},[49,96074,97],{"class":80},[49,96076,84],{"class":63},[49,96078,2120],{"class":80},[49,96080,100],{"class":63},[49,96082,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96084,3323],{"class":55},[49,96086,109],{"class":63},[49,96088,81611],{"class":112},[49,96090,126],{"class":63},[49,96092,1725],{"class":80},[49,96094,335],{"class":63},[49,96096,96097],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,96098,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,96100,96101,96103,96105,96107],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,96102,123],{"class":122},[49,96104,126],{"class":63},[49,96106,3323],{"class":112},[49,96108,335],{"class":63},[20,96110,96111],{},[30,96112,573],{},[40,96114,96116],{"className":42,"code":96115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96117,96118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96119,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96121,8949],{"class":63},[49,96123,2659],{"class":80},[49,96125,84],{"class":63},[49,96127,97],{"class":80},[49,96129,84],{"class":63},[49,96131,2120],{"class":80},[49,96133,100],{"class":63},[20,96135,96136,96137,96139],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96138,1725],{}," was already present.",[35,96141,96143,10249,96145],{"id":96142},"add-vs-update",[15,96144,95711],{},[15,96146,14433],{},[20,96148,1762,96149,96151,96152,109],{},[15,96150,95711],{}," when you want to add ",[30,96153,52158],{},[40,96155,96157],{"className":42,"code":96156,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96158,96159,96183,96201,96205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96160,96161,96163,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175,96177,96179,96181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96162,35583],{"class":55},[49,96164,60],{"class":59},[49,96166,64],{"class":63},[49,96168,68],{"class":67},[49,96170,72],{"class":71},[49,96172,68],{"class":67},[49,96174,84],{"class":63},[49,96176,87],{"class":67},[49,96178,90],{"class":71},[49,96180,68],{"class":67},[49,96182,100],{"class":63},[49,96184,96185,96187,96189,96191,96193,96195,96197,96199],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96186,35636],{"class":55},[49,96188,109],{"class":63},[49,96190,81611],{"class":112},[49,96192,126],{"class":63},[49,96194,68],{"class":67},[49,96196,9406],{"class":71},[49,96198,68],{"class":67},[49,96200,335],{"class":63},[49,96202,96203],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,96204,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,96206,96207,96209,96211,96213],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,96208,123],{"class":122},[49,96210,126],{"class":63},[49,96212,35636],{"class":112},[49,96214,335],{"class":63},[20,96216,1762,96217,96151,96219,96222],{},[15,96218,14433],{},[30,96220,96221],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[40,96224,96226],{"className":42,"code":96225,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96227,96228,96252,96286,96290],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96229,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246,96248,96250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96231,35583],{"class":55},[49,96233,60],{"class":59},[49,96235,64],{"class":63},[49,96237,68],{"class":67},[49,96239,72],{"class":71},[49,96241,68],{"class":67},[49,96243,84],{"class":63},[49,96245,87],{"class":67},[49,96247,90],{"class":71},[49,96249,68],{"class":67},[49,96251,100],{"class":63},[49,96253,96254,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96255,35636],{"class":55},[49,96257,109],{"class":63},[49,96259,29952],{"class":112},[49,96261,2656],{"class":63},[49,96263,68],{"class":67},[49,96265,9406],{"class":71},[49,96267,68],{"class":67},[49,96269,84],{"class":63},[49,96271,87],{"class":67},[49,96273,18250],{"class":71},[49,96275,68],{"class":67},[49,96277,84],{"class":63},[49,96279,87],{"class":67},[49,96281,59951],{"class":71},[49,96283,68],{"class":67},[49,96285,3561],{"class":63},[49,96287,96288],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,96289,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,96291,96292,96294,96296,96298],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,96293,123],{"class":122},[49,96295,126],{"class":63},[49,96297,35636],{"class":112},[49,96299,335],{"class":63},[591,96301,96303],{"id":96302},"key-difference","Key difference",[155,96305,96306,96311],{},[158,96307,96308,96310],{},[15,96309,95711],{}," adds one item",[158,96312,96313,96315],{},[15,96314,14433],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96317,96318,96319,109],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[72,96320,96322,96323,1571],{"href":96321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96324,14433],{},[35,96326,16900],{"id":16899},[20,96328,96329,480,96331,109],{},[15,96330,95716],{},[15,96332,169],{},[20,96334,96335,96336,96338],{},"That means you should ",[30,96337,600],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[591,96340,96342],{"id":96341},"correct","Correct",[40,96344,96346],{"className":42,"code":96345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96347,96348,96368,96382,96386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96349,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96351,15108],{"class":55},[49,96353,60],{"class":59},[49,96355,64],{"class":63},[49,96357,2659],{"class":80},[49,96359,84],{"class":63},[49,96361,97],{"class":80},[49,96363,84],{"class":63},[49,96365,2120],{"class":80},[49,96367,100],{"class":63},[49,96369,96370,96372,96374,96376,96378,96380],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96371,15146],{"class":55},[49,96373,109],{"class":63},[49,96375,81611],{"class":112},[49,96377,126],{"class":63},[49,96379,2174],{"class":80},[49,96381,335],{"class":63},[49,96383,96384],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,96385,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,96387,96388,96390,96392,96394],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,96389,123],{"class":122},[49,96391,126],{"class":63},[49,96393,15146],{"class":112},[49,96395,335],{"class":63},[591,96397,96398],{"id":61273},"Wrong",[40,96400,96402],{"className":42,"code":96401,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96403,96404,96424,96443,96447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96405,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418,96420,96422],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96407,15108],{"class":55},[49,96409,60],{"class":59},[49,96411,64],{"class":63},[49,96413,2659],{"class":80},[49,96415,84],{"class":63},[49,96417,97],{"class":80},[49,96419,84],{"class":63},[49,96421,2120],{"class":80},[49,96423,100],{"class":63},[49,96425,96426,96428,96430,96433,96435,96437,96439,96441],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96427,15108],{"class":55},[49,96429,60],{"class":59},[49,96431,96432],{"class":55}," my_set",[49,96434,109],{"class":63},[49,96436,81611],{"class":112},[49,96438,126],{"class":63},[49,96440,2174],{"class":80},[49,96442,335],{"class":63},[49,96444,96445],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,96446,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,96448,96449,96451,96453,96455],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,96450,123],{"class":122},[49,96452,126],{"class":63},[49,96454,15146],{"class":112},[49,96456,335],{"class":63},[20,96458,96459],{},[30,96460,573],{},[40,96462,96463],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,96464,96465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96466,96467],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96468,584],{"class":583},[20,96470,96471],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[35,96473,96475],{"id":96474},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96477,96478],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[155,96480,96481,96483,96485,96487],{},[158,96482,55964],{},[158,96484,55967],{},[158,96486,95891],{},[158,96488,40091],{},[20,96490,1244],{},[40,96492,96494],{"className":42,"code":96493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96495,96496,96506,96510,96524,96542,96560,96574,96578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96497,96498,96500,96502,96504],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96499,7451],{"class":55},[49,96501,60],{"class":59},[49,96503,15113],{"class":1428},[49,96505,116],{"class":63},[49,96507,96508],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96509,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,96511,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,96513,7482],{"class":55},[49,96515,109],{"class":63},[49,96517,81611],{"class":112},[49,96519,126],{"class":63},[49,96521,1999],{"class":80},[49,96523,335],{"class":63},[49,96525,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,96527,7482],{"class":55},[49,96529,109],{"class":63},[49,96531,81611],{"class":112},[49,96533,126],{"class":63},[49,96535,68],{"class":67},[49,96537,3518],{"class":71},[49,96539,68],{"class":67},[49,96541,335],{"class":63},[49,96543,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556,96558],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,96545,7482],{"class":55},[49,96547,109],{"class":63},[49,96549,81611],{"class":112},[49,96551,5183],{"class":63},[49,96553,2659],{"class":80},[49,96555,84],{"class":63},[49,96557,97],{"class":80},[49,96559,1436],{"class":63},[49,96561,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,96563,7482],{"class":55},[49,96565,109],{"class":63},[49,96567,81611],{"class":112},[49,96569,126],{"class":63},[49,96571,3276],{"class":583},[49,96573,335],{"class":63},[49,96575,96576],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,96577,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,96579,96580,96582,96584,96586],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,96581,123],{"class":122},[49,96583,126],{"class":63},[49,96585,7482],{"class":112},[49,96587,335],{"class":63},[20,96589,96590],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[155,96592,96593,96596,96599],{},[158,96594,96595],{},"Lists",[158,96597,96598],{},"Dictionaries",[158,96600,96601],{},"Sets",[20,96603,96604],{},"Example that causes an error:",[40,96606,96608],{"className":42,"code":96607,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96609,96610,96630],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96611,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96613,7451],{"class":55},[49,96615,60],{"class":59},[49,96617,64],{"class":63},[49,96619,2659],{"class":80},[49,96621,84],{"class":63},[49,96623,97],{"class":80},[49,96625,84],{"class":63},[49,96627,2120],{"class":80},[49,96629,100],{"class":63},[49,96631,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96633,7482],{"class":55},[49,96635,109],{"class":63},[49,96637,81611],{"class":112},[49,96639,2656],{"class":63},[49,96641,2174],{"class":80},[49,96643,84],{"class":63},[49,96645,4279],{"class":80},[49,96647,3561],{"class":63},[20,96649,96650],{},[30,96651,29168],{},[40,96653,96655],{"className":42,"code":96654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96656,96657],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96658,96659,96661,96663,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96660,2676],{"class":1428},[49,96662,77],{"class":63},[49,96664,96665],{"class":55}," unhashable ",[49,96667,1429],{"class":1428},[49,96669,77],{"class":63},[49,96671,406],{"class":67},[49,96673,7767],{"class":71},[49,96675,29187],{"class":67},[20,96677,96678],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96680,96681,96682,109],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96683,96684],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[35,96686,1376],{"id":1375},[20,96688,14212,96689,77],{},[15,96690,95716],{},[155,96692,96693,96698,96703,96706,96713],{},[158,96694,8092,96695,96697],{},[15,96696,95711],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[158,96699,1392,96700,96702],{},[15,96701,95711],{}," to return the updated set",[158,96704,96705],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[158,96707,36698,96708,96710,96711],{},[15,96709,95716],{}," with list ",[15,96712,52154],{},[158,96714,96715],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96717,71011],{},[40,96719,96721],{"className":42,"code":96720,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96722,96723,96733,96747,96757,96771],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96724,96725,96727,96729,96731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96726,123],{"class":122},[49,96728,126],{"class":63},[49,96730,15146],{"class":112},[49,96732,335],{"class":63},[49,96734,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96736,123],{"class":122},[49,96738,126],{"class":63},[49,96740,1429],{"class":1428},[49,96742,126],{"class":63},[49,96744,15146],{"class":112},[49,96746,1436],{"class":63},[49,96748,96749,96751,96753,96755],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,96750,123],{"class":122},[49,96752,126],{"class":63},[49,96754,2142],{"class":112},[49,96756,335],{"class":63},[49,96758,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,96760,123],{"class":122},[49,96762,126],{"class":63},[49,96764,1429],{"class":1428},[49,96766,126],{"class":63},[49,96768,2142],{"class":112},[49,96770,1436],{"class":63},[49,96772,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,96774,31641],{"class":122},[49,96776,126],{"class":63},[49,96778,5960],{"class":1428},[49,96780,109],{"class":63},[49,96782,81611],{"class":24235},[49,96784,335],{"class":63},[20,96786,96787,96788,96790,96791,109],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96789,95716],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[72,96792,52551],{"href":96793},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[35,96795,1498],{"id":1497},[591,96797,1502,96799,96801],{"id":96798},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96800,95716],{}," return a new set?",[20,96803,96804,96805,109],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96806,169],{},[591,96808,96810],{"id":96809},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96812,96813],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[591,96815,96817],{"id":96816},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96819,1762,96820,10754,96823,109],{},[15,96821,96822],{},"set.update()",[15,96824,95711],{},[591,96826,96828],{"id":96827},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96830,96831,96832,109],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96833,2676],{},[35,96835,1550],{"id":1549},[155,96837,96838,96842,96847],{},[158,96839,96840],{},[72,96841,95836],{"href":95835},[158,96843,96844],{},[72,96845,96846],{"href":95839},"How to create a set in Python",[158,96848,96849],{},[72,96850,96322,96851,1571],{"href":96321},[15,96852,14433],{},[20,96854,96855,96856,96858],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96857,95711],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1597,96860,96861],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":96863},[96864,96865,96867,96868,96869,96870,96874,96878,96879,96880,96887],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":95808,"depth":103,"text":96866},"What set.add() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":96051,"depth":103,"text":96052},{"id":96142,"depth":103,"text":96871,"children":96872},"add() vs update()",[96873],{"id":96302,"depth":119,"text":96303},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900,"children":96875},[96876,96877],{"id":96341,"depth":119,"text":96342},{"id":61273,"depth":119,"text":96398},{"id":96474,"depth":103,"text":96475},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":96881},[96882,96884,96885,96886],{"id":96798,"depth":119,"text":96883},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96809,"depth":119,"text":96810},{"id":96816,"depth":119,"text":96817},{"id":96827,"depth":119,"text":96828},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95702,"description":96888},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96895,"title":96896,"body":96897,"description":98066,"extension":1632,"meta":98067,"navigation":312,"path":98068,"seo":98069,"stem":98070,"__hash__":98071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96898,"toc":98033},[96899,96904,96910,96917,96962,96964,96975,96980,96985,96989,97003,97008,97010,97012,97027,97029,97043,97045,97047,97112,97114,97124,97126,97144,97150,97157,97162,97236,97238,97255,97261,97266,97337,97339,97366,97383,97386,97392,97394,97401,97405,97472,97474,97489,97492,97545,97547,97555,97567,97569,97573,97578,97580,97629,97631,97639,97641,97686,97688,97698,97704,97712,97725,97731,97733,97762,97764,97782,97786,97789,97820,97822,97840,97844,97919,97921,97937,97944,97946,97951,97956,97962,97965,97969,97977,97984,97992,97994,98030],[10,96900,95708,96902,18],{"id":96901},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96903,17],{},[20,96905,96906,96909],{},[15,96907,96908],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96911,96912,96913,96916],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[30,96914,96915],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[40,96918,96920],{"className":42,"code":96919,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96921,96922,96942,96952],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96923,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96925,3291],{"class":55},[49,96927,60],{"class":59},[49,96929,64],{"class":63},[49,96931,2659],{"class":80},[49,96933,84],{"class":63},[49,96935,97],{"class":80},[49,96937,84],{"class":63},[49,96939,2120],{"class":80},[49,96941,100],{"class":63},[49,96943,96944,96946,96948,96950],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,96945,3323],{"class":55},[49,96947,109],{"class":63},[49,96949,113],{"class":112},[49,96951,116],{"class":63},[49,96953,96954,96956,96958,96960],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,96955,123],{"class":122},[49,96957,126],{"class":63},[49,96959,3323],{"class":112},[49,96961,335],{"class":63},[20,96963,573],{},[40,96965,96967],{"className":42,"code":96966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n",[15,96968,96969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96970,96971,96973],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96972,5960],{"class":1428},[49,96974,116],{"class":63},[20,96976,96977,96979],{},[15,96978,17],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[35,96981,144,96983,147],{"id":96982},"what-setclear-does",[15,96984,96908],{},[20,96986,150,96987,153],{},[15,96988,17],{},[155,96990,96991,96994,96996,97000],{},[158,96992,96993],{},"Removes every item from a set",[158,96995,95823],{},[158,96997,166,96998],{},[15,96999,169],{},[158,97001,97002],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97004,95832,97005,71110],{},[72,97006,95836],{"href":97007},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[35,97009,189],{"id":188},[20,97011,53949],{},[40,97013,97015],{"className":42,"code":97014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97016,97017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97018,97019,97021,97023,97025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97020,15146],{"class":55},[49,97022,109],{"class":63},[49,97024,113],{"class":112},[49,97026,116],{"class":63},[20,97028,12529],{},[155,97030,97031,97034,97037,97040],{},[158,97032,97033],{},"It takes no arguments",[158,97035,97036],{},"It empties the set",[158,97038,97039],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[158,97041,97042],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[35,97044,225],{"id":224},[20,97046,228],{},[40,97048,97050],{"className":42,"code":97049,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97051,97052,97084,97088,97098,97102],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97053,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076,97078,97080,97082],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97055,12553],{"class":55},[49,97057,60],{"class":59},[49,97059,64],{"class":63},[49,97061,68],{"class":67},[49,97063,12570],{"class":71},[49,97065,68],{"class":67},[49,97067,84],{"class":63},[49,97069,87],{"class":67},[49,97071,16937],{"class":71},[49,97073,68],{"class":67},[49,97075,84],{"class":63},[49,97077,87],{"class":67},[49,97079,12587],{"class":71},[49,97081,68],{"class":67},[49,97083,100],{"class":63},[49,97085,97086],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97087,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97089,97090,97092,97094,97096],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,97091,16984],{"class":55},[49,97093,109],{"class":63},[49,97095,113],{"class":112},[49,97097,116],{"class":63},[49,97099,97100],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,97101,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97103,97104,97106,97108,97110],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,97105,123],{"class":122},[49,97107,126],{"class":63},[49,97109,16984],{"class":112},[49,97111,335],{"class":63},[20,97113,573],{},[40,97115,97116],{"className":42,"code":96966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97117,97118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97119,97120,97122],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97121,5960],{"class":1428},[49,97123,116],{"class":63},[20,97125,453],{},[155,97127,97128,97133,97138],{},[158,97129,97130,97132],{},[15,97131,16984],{}," starts with three values",[158,97134,97135,466],{},[15,97136,97137],{},"colors.clear()",[158,97139,97140,97141,97143],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97142,3469],{},", which means an empty set",[35,97145,97147,97149],{"id":97146},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97148,17],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97151,97152,1017,97154,97156],{},[15,97153,17],{},[15,97155,3469],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[591,97158,8092,97160],{"id":97159},"using-clear",[15,97161,17],{},[40,97163,97165],{"className":42,"code":97164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97166,97167,97187,97197,97201,97211,97215,97225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97168,97169,97171,97173,97175,97177,97179,97181,97183,97185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97170,7451],{"class":55},[49,97172,60],{"class":59},[49,97174,64],{"class":63},[49,97176,2659],{"class":80},[49,97178,84],{"class":63},[49,97180,97],{"class":80},[49,97182,84],{"class":63},[49,97184,2120],{"class":80},[49,97186,100],{"class":63},[49,97188,97189,97192,97194],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97190,97191],{"class":55},"other_name ",[49,97193,60],{"class":59},[49,97195,97196],{"class":55}," items\n",[49,97198,97199],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,97200,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97202,97203,97205,97207,97209],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,97204,7482],{"class":55},[49,97206,109],{"class":63},[49,97208,113],{"class":112},[49,97210,116],{"class":63},[49,97212,97213],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,97214,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97216,97217,97219,97221,97223],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,97218,123],{"class":122},[49,97220,126],{"class":63},[49,97222,7482],{"class":112},[49,97224,335],{"class":63},[49,97226,97227,97229,97231,97234],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,97228,123],{"class":122},[49,97230,126],{"class":63},[49,97232,97233],{"class":112},"other_name",[49,97235,335],{"class":63},[20,97237,573],{},[40,97239,97241],{"className":42,"code":97240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97242,97243,97249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97244,97245,97247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97246,5960],{"class":1428},[49,97248,116],{"class":63},[49,97250,97251,97253],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97252,5960],{"class":1428},[49,97254,116],{"class":63},[20,97256,97257,97258,109],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[30,97259,97260],{},"same set object",[591,97262,8092,97264],{"id":97263},"using-set",[15,97265,3469],{},[40,97267,97269],{"className":42,"code":97268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97270,97271,97291,97299,97303,97313,97317,97327],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97272,97273,97275,97277,97279,97281,97283,97285,97287,97289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97274,7451],{"class":55},[49,97276,60],{"class":59},[49,97278,64],{"class":63},[49,97280,2659],{"class":80},[49,97282,84],{"class":63},[49,97284,97],{"class":80},[49,97286,84],{"class":63},[49,97288,2120],{"class":80},[49,97290,100],{"class":63},[49,97292,97293,97295,97297],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97294,97191],{"class":55},[49,97296,60],{"class":59},[49,97298,97196],{"class":55},[49,97300,97301],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,97302,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97304,97305,97307,97309,97311],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,97306,7451],{"class":55},[49,97308,60],{"class":59},[49,97310,15113],{"class":1428},[49,97312,116],{"class":63},[49,97314,97315],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,97316,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97318,97319,97321,97323,97325],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,97320,123],{"class":122},[49,97322,126],{"class":63},[49,97324,7482],{"class":112},[49,97326,335],{"class":63},[49,97328,97329,97331,97333,97335],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,97330,123],{"class":122},[49,97332,126],{"class":63},[49,97334,97233],{"class":112},[49,97336,335],{"class":63},[20,97338,573],{},[40,97340,97342],{"className":42,"code":97341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97343,97344,97350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97345,97346,97348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97347,5960],{"class":1428},[49,97349,116],{"class":63},[49,97351,97352,97354,97356,97358,97360,97362,97364],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97353,8949],{"class":63},[49,97355,2659],{"class":80},[49,97357,84],{"class":63},[49,97359,97],{"class":80},[49,97361,84],{"class":63},[49,97363,2120],{"class":80},[49,97365,100],{"class":63},[20,97367,20254,97368,92600,97371,97374,97375,109,97377,97379,97380,97382],{},[15,97369,97370],{},"items = set()",[30,97372,97373],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97376,7482],{},[1364,97378],{},"\nBut ",[15,97381,97233],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97384,97385],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97387,97388,97389,109],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[72,97390,95840],{"href":97391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[35,97393,16900],{"id":16899},[20,97395,97396,13532,97398,97400],{},[15,97397,17],{},[30,97399,600],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97402,1518,97403,109],{},[15,97404,169],{},[40,97406,97408],{"className":42,"code":97407,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97409,97410,97430,97434,97448,97452,97462],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97411,97412,97414,97416,97418,97420,97422,97424,97426,97428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97413,3291],{"class":55},[49,97415,60],{"class":59},[49,97417,64],{"class":63},[49,97419,2659],{"class":80},[49,97421,84],{"class":63},[49,97423,97],{"class":80},[49,97425,84],{"class":63},[49,97427,2120],{"class":80},[49,97429,100],{"class":63},[49,97431,97432],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97433,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97435,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,97437,534],{"class":55},[49,97439,60],{"class":59},[49,97441,3936],{"class":55},[49,97443,109],{"class":63},[49,97445,113],{"class":112},[49,97447,116],{"class":63},[49,97449,97450],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,97451,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97453,97454,97456,97458,97460],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,97455,123],{"class":122},[49,97457,126],{"class":63},[49,97459,558],{"class":112},[49,97461,335],{"class":63},[49,97463,97464,97466,97468,97470],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,97465,123],{"class":122},[49,97467,126],{"class":63},[49,97469,3323],{"class":112},[49,97471,335],{"class":63},[20,97473,573],{},[40,97475,97477],{"className":42,"code":97476,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\nset()\n",[15,97478,97479,97483],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97480,97481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97482,584],{"class":583},[49,97484,97485,97487],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97486,5960],{"class":1428},[49,97488,116],{"class":63},[20,97490,97491],{},"Do not do this:",[40,97493,97495],{"className":42,"code":97494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97496,97497,97517,97531,97535],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97498,97499,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509,97511,97513,97515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97500,3291],{"class":55},[49,97502,60],{"class":59},[49,97504,64],{"class":63},[49,97506,2659],{"class":80},[49,97508,84],{"class":63},[49,97510,97],{"class":80},[49,97512,84],{"class":63},[49,97514,2120],{"class":80},[49,97516,100],{"class":63},[49,97518,97519,97521,97523,97525,97527,97529],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97520,3291],{"class":55},[49,97522,60],{"class":59},[49,97524,3936],{"class":55},[49,97526,109],{"class":63},[49,97528,113],{"class":112},[49,97530,116],{"class":63},[49,97532,97533],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,97534,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97536,97537,97539,97541,97543],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,97538,123],{"class":122},[49,97540,126],{"class":63},[49,97542,3323],{"class":112},[49,97544,335],{"class":63},[20,97546,573],{},[40,97548,97549],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97550,97551],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97552,97553],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97554,584],{"class":583},[20,97556,21673,97557,480,97559,97561,97562,97564,97565,109],{},[15,97558,54062],{},[15,97560,169],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97563,169],{}," back to ",[15,97566,3323],{},[35,97568,4192],{"id":4191},[20,97570,1379,97571,109],{},[15,97572,96908],{},[591,97574,1386,97576],{"id":97575},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97577,17],{},[20,97579,16124],{},[40,97581,97583],{"className":42,"code":97582,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97584,97585,97605,97619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97586,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601,97603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97588,15108],{"class":55},[49,97590,60],{"class":59},[49,97592,64],{"class":63},[49,97594,2659],{"class":80},[49,97596,84],{"class":63},[49,97598,97],{"class":80},[49,97600,84],{"class":63},[49,97602,2120],{"class":80},[49,97604,100],{"class":63},[49,97606,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97608,15108],{"class":55},[49,97610,60],{"class":59},[49,97612,96432],{"class":55},[49,97614,109],{"class":63},[49,97616,113],{"class":112},[49,97618,116],{"class":63},[49,97620,97621,97623,97625,97627],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,97622,123],{"class":122},[49,97624,126],{"class":63},[49,97626,15146],{"class":112},[49,97628,335],{"class":63},[20,97630,573],{},[40,97632,97633],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97634,97635],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97636,97637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97638,584],{"class":583},[20,97640,16136],{},[40,97642,97644],{"className":42,"code":97643,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97645,97646,97666,97676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97647,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97649,15108],{"class":55},[49,97651,60],{"class":59},[49,97653,64],{"class":63},[49,97655,2659],{"class":80},[49,97657,84],{"class":63},[49,97659,97],{"class":80},[49,97661,84],{"class":63},[49,97663,2120],{"class":80},[49,97665,100],{"class":63},[49,97667,97668,97670,97672,97674],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97669,15146],{"class":55},[49,97671,109],{"class":63},[49,97673,113],{"class":112},[49,97675,116],{"class":63},[49,97677,97678,97680,97682,97684],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,97679,123],{"class":122},[49,97681,126],{"class":63},[49,97683,15146],{"class":112},[49,97685,335],{"class":63},[20,97687,573],{},[40,97689,97690],{"className":42,"code":96966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97691,97692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97693,97694,97696],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97695,5960],{"class":1428},[49,97697,116],{"class":63},[591,97699,1392,97701,97703],{"id":97700},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97702,17],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97705,97706,97708,97709,97711],{},[15,97707,17],{}," removes ",[30,97710,3389],{}," items from the set.",[20,97713,97714,97715,2548,97720,109],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[72,97716,97718],{"href":97717},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97719,55031],{},[72,97721,97723],{"href":97722},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97724,1570],{},[591,97726,8092,97728,97730],{"id":97727},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97729,175],{}," for an empty set",[20,97732,25176],{},[40,97734,97736],{"className":42,"code":97735,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97737,97738,97747],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97739,97740,97743,97745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97741,97742],{"class":55},"empty_value ",[49,97744,60],{"class":59},[49,97746,450],{"class":63},[49,97748,97749,97751,97753,97755,97757,97760],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97750,123],{"class":122},[49,97752,126],{"class":63},[49,97754,1429],{"class":1428},[49,97756,126],{"class":63},[49,97758,97759],{"class":112},"empty_value",[49,97761,1436],{"class":63},[20,97763,573],{},[40,97765,97766],{"className":42,"code":8483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97767,97768],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97769,97770,97772,97774,97776,97778,97780],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97771,2962],{"class":59},[49,97773,2965],{"class":1734},[49,97775,406],{"class":67},[49,97777,8496],{"class":71},[49,97779,397],{"class":67},[49,97781,2974],{"class":59},[20,97783,97784,8463],{},[15,97785,175],{},[20,97787,97788],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[40,97790,97792],{"className":42,"code":97791,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97793,97794,97805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97795,97796,97799,97801,97803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97797,97798],{"class":55},"empty_set ",[49,97800,60],{"class":59},[49,97802,15113],{"class":1428},[49,97804,116],{"class":63},[49,97806,97807,97809,97811,97813,97815,97818],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97808,123],{"class":122},[49,97810,126],{"class":63},[49,97812,1429],{"class":1428},[49,97814,126],{"class":63},[49,97816,97817],{"class":112},"empty_set",[49,97819,1436],{"class":63},[20,97821,573],{},[40,97823,97824],{"className":42,"code":8527,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97825,97826],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97827,97828,97830,97832,97834,97836,97838],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97829,2962],{"class":59},[49,97831,2965],{"class":1734},[49,97833,406],{"class":67},[49,97835,5960],{"class":71},[49,97837,397],{"class":67},[49,97839,2974],{"class":59},[591,97841,97843],{"id":97842},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[40,97845,97847],{"className":42,"code":97846,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97848,97849,97873,97881,97885,97895,97899,97909],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97850,97851,97853,97855,97857,97859,97861,97863,97865,97867,97869,97871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97852,2224],{"class":55},[49,97854,60],{"class":59},[49,97856,64],{"class":63},[49,97858,68],{"class":67},[49,97860,504],{"class":71},[49,97862,68],{"class":67},[49,97864,84],{"class":63},[49,97866,87],{"class":67},[49,97868,517],{"class":71},[49,97870,68],{"class":67},[49,97872,100],{"class":63},[49,97874,97875,97877,97879],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97876,2252],{"class":55},[49,97878,60],{"class":59},[49,97880,35668],{"class":55},[49,97882,97883],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,97884,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97886,97887,97889,97891,97893],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,97888,72],{"class":55},[49,97890,109],{"class":63},[49,97892,113],{"class":112},[49,97894,116],{"class":63},[49,97896,97897],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,97898,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,97900,97901,97903,97905,97907],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,97902,123],{"class":122},[49,97904,126],{"class":63},[49,97906,72],{"class":112},[49,97908,335],{"class":63},[49,97910,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,97912,123],{"class":122},[49,97914,126],{"class":63},[49,97916,90],{"class":112},[49,97918,335],{"class":63},[20,97920,573],{},[40,97922,97923],{"className":42,"code":97240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97924,97925,97931],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97926,97927,97929],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97928,5960],{"class":1428},[49,97930,116],{"class":63},[49,97932,97933,97935],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,97934,5960],{"class":1428},[49,97936,116],{"class":63},[20,97938,28548,97939,1017,97941,97943],{},[15,97940,72],{},[15,97942,90],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[35,97945,1498],{"id":1497},[591,97947,1512,97949,4818],{"id":97948},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97950,96908],{},[20,97952,1518,97953,97955],{},[15,97954,169],{},". It empties the set in place.",[591,97957,1502,97959,97961],{"id":97958},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97960,17],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97963,97964],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[591,97966,97968],{"id":97967},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97970,97971,97972,97974,97975,109],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97973,17],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97976,3469],{},[591,97978,1524,97980,1017,97982,1529],{"id":97979},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97981,17],{},[15,97983,3469],{},[20,97985,97986,97988,97989,97991],{},[15,97987,17],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97990,3469],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[35,97993,1550],{"id":1549},[155,97995,97996,98000,98004,98011,98017,98023],{},[158,97997,97998],{},[72,97999,95836],{"href":97007},[158,98001,98002],{},[72,98003,96846],{"href":97391},[158,98005,98006],{},[72,98007,96322,98009,1571],{"href":98008},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98010,95711],{},[158,98012,98013],{},[72,98014,96322,98015,1571],{"href":97717},[15,98016,55031],{},[158,98018,98019],{},[72,98020,96322,98021,1571],{"href":97722},[15,98022,1570],{},[158,98024,98025],{},[72,98026,96322,98028,1571],{"href":98027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98029,14433],{},[1597,98031,98032],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":98034},[98035,98037,98038,98039,98046,98047,98056,98065],{"id":96982,"depth":103,"text":98036},"What set.clear() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":97146,"depth":103,"text":98040,"children":98041},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98042,98044],{"id":97159,"depth":119,"text":98043},"Using clear()",{"id":97263,"depth":119,"text":98045},"Using set()",{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":98048},[98049,98051,98053,98055],{"id":97575,"depth":119,"text":98050},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97700,"depth":119,"text":98052},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97727,"depth":119,"text":98054},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97842,"depth":119,"text":97843},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":98057},[98058,98060,98062,98063],{"id":97948,"depth":119,"text":98059},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97958,"depth":119,"text":98061},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97967,"depth":119,"text":97968},{"id":97979,"depth":119,"text":98064},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96896,"description":98066},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98073,"title":98074,"body":98075,"description":99907,"extension":1632,"meta":99908,"navigation":312,"path":95839,"seo":99909,"stem":99910,"__hash__":99911},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98076,"toc":99864},[98077,98080,98083,98086,98088,98191,98195,98242,98248,98250,98269,98273,98276,98278,98292,98301,98305,98308,98343,98347,98367,98370,98374,98377,98438,98442,98467,98474,98480,98485,98487,98499,98503,98552,98556,98580,98587,98591,98632,98636,98657,98661,98694,98698,98739,98742,98746,98751,98790,98794,98819,98824,98830,98867,98871,98894,98898,98900,98903,98906,98983,98987,99024,99027,99031,99037,99040,99050,99099,99105,99111,99138,99141,99163,99165,99196,99199,99203,99207,99246,99250,99313,99316,99349,99353,99378,99380,99383,99389,99392,99419,99422,99440,99444,99448,99451,99494,99497,99501,99504,99507,99537,99540,99544,99547,99562,99567,99571,99574,99663,99665,99668,99758,99761,99779,99781,99785,99795,99799,99807,99811,99814,99818,99821,99825,99828,99830,99858,99861],[10,98078,98074],{"id":98079},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98081,98082],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98084,98085],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[35,98087,3281],{"id":3280},[40,98089,98091],{"className":42,"code":98090,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98092,98093,98113,98147,98157,98161,98171,98181],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98094,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98096,3291],{"class":55},[49,98098,60],{"class":59},[49,98100,64],{"class":63},[49,98102,2659],{"class":80},[49,98104,84],{"class":63},[49,98106,97],{"class":80},[49,98108,84],{"class":63},[49,98110,2120],{"class":80},[49,98112,100],{"class":63},[49,98114,98115,98117,98119,98121,98123,98125,98127,98129,98131,98133,98135,98137,98139,98141,98143,98145],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98116,3742],{"class":55},[49,98118,60],{"class":59},[49,98120,15113],{"class":1428},[49,98122,2656],{"class":63},[49,98124,68],{"class":67},[49,98126,3751],{"class":71},[49,98128,68],{"class":67},[49,98130,84],{"class":63},[49,98132,87],{"class":67},[49,98134,3760],{"class":71},[49,98136,68],{"class":67},[49,98138,84],{"class":63},[49,98140,87],{"class":67},[49,98142,3751],{"class":71},[49,98144,68],{"class":67},[49,98146,3561],{"class":63},[49,98148,98149,98151,98153,98155],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,98150,97798],{"class":55},[49,98152,60],{"class":59},[49,98154,15113],{"class":1428},[49,98156,116],{"class":63},[49,98158,98159],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,98160,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,98162,98163,98165,98167,98169],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,98164,123],{"class":122},[49,98166,126],{"class":63},[49,98168,3323],{"class":112},[49,98170,335],{"class":63},[49,98172,98173,98175,98177,98179],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,98174,123],{"class":122},[49,98176,126],{"class":63},[49,98178,3786],{"class":112},[49,98180,335],{"class":63},[49,98182,98183,98185,98187,98189],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,98184,123],{"class":122},[49,98186,126],{"class":63},[49,98188,97817],{"class":112},[49,98190,335],{"class":63},[20,98192,98193],{},[30,98194,573],{},[40,98196,98198],{"className":42,"code":98197,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98199,98200,98216,98236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98201,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212,98214],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98203,8949],{"class":63},[49,98205,2659],{"class":80},[49,98207,84],{"class":63},[49,98209,97],{"class":80},[49,98211,84],{"class":63},[49,98213,2120],{"class":80},[49,98215,100],{"class":63},[49,98217,98218,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98219,8949],{"class":63},[49,98221,397],{"class":67},[49,98223,3760],{"class":71},[49,98225,397],{"class":67},[49,98227,84],{"class":63},[49,98229,406],{"class":67},[49,98231,3751],{"class":71},[49,98233,397],{"class":67},[49,98235,100],{"class":63},[49,98237,98238,98240],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,98239,5960],{"class":1428},[49,98241,116],{"class":63},[20,98243,98244,98245,98247],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98246,3469],{}," for an empty set.",[35,98249,14642],{"id":14641},[155,98251,98252,98255,98260,98263,98266],{},[158,98253,98254],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[158,98256,98257,98258],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98259,3469],{},[158,98261,98262],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[158,98264,98265],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[158,98267,98268],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[35,98270,98272],{"id":98271},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98274,98275],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98277,30028],{},[155,98279,98280,98283,98286,98289],{},[158,98281,98282],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[158,98284,98285],{},"Sets are unordered",[158,98287,98288],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[158,98290,98291],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98293,98294,98295,2548,98297,109],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[72,98296,95836],{"href":97007},[72,98298,98300],{"href":98299},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[35,98302,98304],{"id":98303},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98306,98307],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[40,98309,98311],{"className":42,"code":98310,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98312,98313,98333],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98314,98315,98317,98319,98321,98323,98325,98327,98329,98331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98316,3291],{"class":55},[49,98318,60],{"class":59},[49,98320,64],{"class":63},[49,98322,2659],{"class":80},[49,98324,84],{"class":63},[49,98326,97],{"class":80},[49,98328,84],{"class":63},[49,98330,2120],{"class":80},[49,98332,100],{"class":63},[49,98334,98335,98337,98339,98341],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98336,123],{"class":122},[49,98338,126],{"class":63},[49,98340,3323],{"class":112},[49,98342,335],{"class":63},[20,98344,98345],{},[30,98346,29517],{},[40,98348,98349],{"className":42,"code":96115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98350,98351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98352,98353,98355,98357,98359,98361,98363,98365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98354,8949],{"class":63},[49,98356,2659],{"class":80},[49,98358,84],{"class":63},[49,98360,97],{"class":80},[49,98362,84],{"class":63},[49,98364,2120],{"class":80},[49,98366,100],{"class":63},[20,98368,98369],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[591,98371,98373],{"id":98372},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98375,98376],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[40,98378,98380],{"className":42,"code":98379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98381,98382,98414,98424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98383,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408,98410,98412],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98385,3291],{"class":55},[49,98387,60],{"class":59},[49,98389,64],{"class":63},[49,98391,2659],{"class":80},[49,98393,84],{"class":63},[49,98395,97],{"class":80},[49,98397,84],{"class":63},[49,98399,97],{"class":80},[49,98401,84],{"class":63},[49,98403,2120],{"class":80},[49,98405,84],{"class":63},[49,98407,2120],{"class":80},[49,98409,84],{"class":63},[49,98411,2120],{"class":80},[49,98413,100],{"class":63},[49,98415,98416,98418,98420,98422],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98417,123],{"class":122},[49,98419,126],{"class":63},[49,98421,3323],{"class":112},[49,98423,335],{"class":63},[49,98425,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,98427,123],{"class":122},[49,98429,126],{"class":63},[49,98431,10824],{"class":122},[49,98433,126],{"class":63},[49,98435,3323],{"class":112},[49,98437,1436],{"class":63},[20,98439,98440],{},[30,98441,29517],{},[40,98443,98445],{"className":42,"code":98444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98446,98447,98463],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98448,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98450,8949],{"class":63},[49,98452,2659],{"class":80},[49,98454,84],{"class":63},[49,98456,97],{"class":80},[49,98458,84],{"class":63},[49,98460,2120],{"class":80},[49,98462,100],{"class":63},[49,98464,98465],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98466,46116],{"class":80},[20,98468,20461,98469,1017,98471,98473],{},[15,98470,1725],{},[15,98472,1731],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[35,98475,98477,98478],{"id":98476},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98479,3469],{},[20,98481,1762,98482,98484],{},[15,98483,3469],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98486,5130],{},[155,98488,98489,98491,98493,98495],{},[158,98490,96595],{},[158,98492,95891],{},[158,98494,55967],{},[158,98496,98497],{},[15,98498,35691],{},[591,98500,98502],{"id":98501},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[40,98504,98506],{"className":42,"code":98505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98507,98508,98542],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516,98518,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528,98530,98532,98534,98536,98538,98540],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98511,3291],{"class":55},[49,98513,60],{"class":59},[49,98515,15113],{"class":1428},[49,98517,2656],{"class":63},[49,98519,2659],{"class":80},[49,98521,84],{"class":63},[49,98523,97],{"class":80},[49,98525,84],{"class":63},[49,98527,97],{"class":80},[49,98529,84],{"class":63},[49,98531,2120],{"class":80},[49,98533,84],{"class":63},[49,98535,2120],{"class":80},[49,98537,84],{"class":63},[49,98539,2126],{"class":80},[49,98541,3561],{"class":63},[49,98543,98544,98546,98548,98550],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98545,123],{"class":122},[49,98547,126],{"class":63},[49,98549,3323],{"class":112},[49,98551,335],{"class":63},[20,98553,98554],{},[30,98555,29517],{},[40,98557,98558],{"className":42,"code":95778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98559,98560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98561,98562,98564,98566,98568,98570,98572,98574,98576,98578],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98563,8949],{"class":63},[49,98565,2659],{"class":80},[49,98567,84],{"class":63},[49,98569,97],{"class":80},[49,98571,84],{"class":63},[49,98573,2120],{"class":80},[49,98575,84],{"class":63},[49,98577,2126],{"class":80},[49,98579,100],{"class":63},[20,98581,98582,98583,109],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[72,98584,98586],{"href":98585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[591,98588,98590],{"id":98589},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[40,98592,98594],{"className":42,"code":98593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98595,98596,98622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98597,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98599,3495],{"class":55},[49,98601,60],{"class":59},[49,98603,15113],{"class":1428},[49,98605,5183],{"class":63},[49,98607,1999],{"class":80},[49,98609,84],{"class":63},[49,98611,7462],{"class":80},[49,98613,84],{"class":63},[49,98615,7462],{"class":80},[49,98617,84],{"class":63},[49,98619,7467],{"class":80},[49,98621,1436],{"class":63},[49,98623,98624,98626,98628,98630],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98625,123],{"class":122},[49,98627,126],{"class":63},[49,98629,5031],{"class":112},[49,98631,335],{"class":63},[20,98633,98634],{},[30,98635,29517],{},[40,98637,98639],{"className":42,"code":98638,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98640,98641],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98642,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98644,8949],{"class":63},[49,98646,1999],{"class":80},[49,98648,84],{"class":63},[49,98650,7462],{"class":80},[49,98652,84],{"class":63},[49,98654,7467],{"class":80},[49,98656,100],{"class":63},[591,98658,98660],{"id":98659},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[40,98662,98664],{"className":42,"code":98663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98665,98666,98684],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98667,98668,98670,98672,98674,98676,98678,98680,98682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98669,35583],{"class":55},[49,98671,60],{"class":59},[49,98673,15113],{"class":1428},[49,98675,126],{"class":63},[49,98677,68],{"class":67},[49,98679,3518],{"class":71},[49,98681,68],{"class":67},[49,98683,335],{"class":63},[49,98685,98686,98688,98690,98692],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98687,123],{"class":122},[49,98689,126],{"class":63},[49,98691,35636],{"class":112},[49,98693,335],{"class":63},[20,98695,98696],{},[30,98697,29517],{},[40,98699,98701],{"className":42,"code":98700,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98702,98703],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98704,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98706,8949],{"class":63},[49,98708,397],{"class":67},[49,98710,59942],{"class":71},[49,98712,397],{"class":67},[49,98714,84],{"class":63},[49,98716,406],{"class":67},[49,98718,59951],{"class":71},[49,98720,397],{"class":67},[49,98722,84],{"class":63},[49,98724,406],{"class":67},[49,98726,59960],{"class":71},[49,98728,397],{"class":67},[49,98730,84],{"class":63},[49,98732,406],{"class":67},[49,98734,59977],{"class":71},[49,98736,397],{"class":67},[49,98738,100],{"class":63},[20,98740,98741],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[35,98743,98745],{"id":98744},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98747,98748,98749,109],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98750,3469],{},[40,98752,98754],{"className":42,"code":98753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98755,98756,98766,98776],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98757,98758,98760,98762,98764],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98759,97798],{"class":55},[49,98761,60],{"class":59},[49,98763,15113],{"class":1428},[49,98765,116],{"class":63},[49,98767,98768,98770,98772,98774],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98769,123],{"class":122},[49,98771,126],{"class":63},[49,98773,97817],{"class":112},[49,98775,335],{"class":63},[49,98777,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,98779,123],{"class":122},[49,98781,126],{"class":63},[49,98783,1429],{"class":1428},[49,98785,126],{"class":63},[49,98787,97817],{"class":112},[49,98789,1436],{"class":63},[20,98791,98792],{},[30,98793,573],{},[40,98795,98797],{"className":42,"code":98796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98798,98799,98805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98800,98801,98803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98802,5960],{"class":1428},[49,98804,116],{"class":63},[49,98806,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98808,2962],{"class":59},[49,98810,2965],{"class":1734},[49,98812,406],{"class":67},[49,98814,5960],{"class":71},[49,98816,397],{"class":67},[49,98818,2974],{"class":59},[591,98820,43927,98822],{"id":98821},"do-not-use",[15,98823,175],{},[20,98825,98826,98827,98829],{},"Empty braces do ",[30,98828,600],{}," create a set.",[40,98831,98833],{"className":42,"code":98832,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98834,98835,98843,98853],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98836,98837,98839,98841],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98838,97742],{"class":55},[49,98840,60],{"class":59},[49,98842,450],{"class":63},[49,98844,98845,98847,98849,98851],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98846,123],{"class":122},[49,98848,126],{"class":63},[49,98850,97759],{"class":112},[49,98852,335],{"class":63},[49,98854,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,98856,123],{"class":122},[49,98858,126],{"class":63},[49,98860,1429],{"class":1428},[49,98862,126],{"class":63},[49,98864,97759],{"class":112},[49,98866,1436],{"class":63},[20,98868,98869],{},[30,98870,573],{},[40,98872,98874],{"className":42,"code":98873,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98875,98876,98880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98877,98878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98879,589],{"class":63},[49,98881,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98883,2962],{"class":59},[49,98885,2965],{"class":1734},[49,98887,406],{"class":67},[49,98889,8496],{"class":71},[49,98891,397],{"class":67},[49,98893,2974],{"class":59},[20,98895,98896,8463],{},[15,98897,175],{},[35,98899,71774],{"id":71773},[20,98901,98902],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98904,98905],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[40,98907,98909],{"className":42,"code":98908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98910,98911,98959,98969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98912,98913,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98914,3742],{"class":55},[49,98916,60],{"class":59},[49,98918,64],{"class":63},[49,98920,68],{"class":67},[49,98922,3751],{"class":71},[49,98924,68],{"class":67},[49,98926,84],{"class":63},[49,98928,87],{"class":67},[49,98930,3760],{"class":71},[49,98932,68],{"class":67},[49,98934,84],{"class":63},[49,98936,87],{"class":67},[49,98938,3751],{"class":71},[49,98940,68],{"class":67},[49,98942,84],{"class":63},[49,98944,87],{"class":67},[49,98946,3751],{"class":71},[49,98948,68],{"class":67},[49,98950,84],{"class":63},[49,98952,87],{"class":67},[49,98954,32710],{"class":71},[49,98956,68],{"class":67},[49,98958,100],{"class":63},[49,98960,98961,98963,98965,98967],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,98962,123],{"class":122},[49,98964,126],{"class":63},[49,98966,3786],{"class":112},[49,98968,335],{"class":63},[49,98970,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979,98981],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,98972,123],{"class":122},[49,98974,126],{"class":63},[49,98976,10824],{"class":122},[49,98978,126],{"class":63},[49,98980,3786],{"class":112},[49,98982,1436],{"class":63},[20,98984,98985],{},[30,98986,29517],{},[40,98988,98990],{"className":42,"code":98989,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98991,98992,99020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98993,98994,98996,98998,99000,99002,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98995,8949],{"class":63},[49,98997,397],{"class":67},[49,98999,3760],{"class":71},[49,99001,397],{"class":67},[49,99003,84],{"class":63},[49,99005,406],{"class":67},[49,99007,32710],{"class":71},[49,99009,397],{"class":67},[49,99011,84],{"class":63},[49,99013,406],{"class":67},[49,99015,3751],{"class":71},[49,99017,397],{"class":67},[49,99019,100],{"class":63},[49,99021,99022],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99023,46116],{"class":80},[20,99025,99026],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[35,99028,99030],{"id":99029},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99032,99033,99034,99036],{},"Set items must be ",[30,99035,95879],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99038,99039],{},"These usually work:",[155,99041,99042,99044,99046,99048],{},[158,99043,55964],{},[158,99045,55967],{},[158,99047,95891],{},[158,99049,40091],{},[40,99051,99053],{"className":42,"code":99052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99054,99055,99089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99056,99057,99059,99061,99063,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99058,3495],{"class":55},[49,99060,60],{"class":59},[49,99062,64],{"class":63},[49,99064,2659],{"class":80},[49,99066,84],{"class":63},[49,99068,87],{"class":67},[49,99070,3751],{"class":71},[49,99072,68],{"class":67},[49,99074,84],{"class":63},[49,99076,8907],{"class":63},[49,99078,1999],{"class":80},[49,99080,84],{"class":63},[49,99082,7462],{"class":80},[49,99084,8904],{"class":63},[49,99086,3589],{"class":583},[49,99088,100],{"class":63},[49,99090,99091,99093,99095,99097],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99092,123],{"class":122},[49,99094,126],{"class":63},[49,99096,5031],{"class":112},[49,99098,335],{"class":63},[20,99100,99101,99102,99104],{},"These do ",[30,99103,600],{}," work directly:",[155,99106,99107,99109],{},[158,99108,96595],{},[158,99110,96598],{},[40,99112,99114],{"className":42,"code":99113,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99115,99116],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99117,99118,99121,99123,99126,99128,99130,99132,99134,99136],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99119,99120],{"class":55},"bad_set ",[49,99122,60],{"class":59},[49,99124,99125],{"class":63}," {[",[49,99127,2659],{"class":80},[49,99129,84],{"class":63},[49,99131,97],{"class":80},[49,99133,84],{"class":63},[49,99135,2120],{"class":80},[49,99137,13184],{"class":63},[20,99139,99140],{},"This raises an error:",[40,99142,99143],{"className":42,"code":96654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,99144,99145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99146,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99148,2676],{"class":1428},[49,99150,77],{"class":63},[49,99152,96665],{"class":55},[49,99154,1429],{"class":1428},[49,99156,77],{"class":63},[49,99158,406],{"class":67},[49,99160,7767],{"class":71},[49,99162,29187],{"class":67},[20,99164,51581],{},[40,99166,99168],{"className":42,"code":99167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99169,99170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99171,99172,99174,99176,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191,99193],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99173,99120],{"class":55},[49,99175,60],{"class":59},[49,99177,99178],{"class":63}," {{",[49,99180,68],{"class":67},[49,99182,251],{"class":71},[49,99184,68],{"class":67},[49,99186,77],{"class":63},[49,99188,87],{"class":67},[49,99190,7348],{"class":71},[49,99192,68],{"class":67},[49,99194,99195],{"class":63},"}}\n",[20,99197,99198],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,99200,99202],{"id":99201},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[591,99204,99206],{"id":99205},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[40,99208,99210],{"className":42,"code":99209,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99211,99212,99236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99213,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99215,3291],{"class":55},[49,99217,60],{"class":59},[49,99219,64],{"class":63},[49,99221,2659],{"class":80},[49,99223,84],{"class":63},[49,99225,97],{"class":80},[49,99227,84],{"class":63},[49,99229,2120],{"class":80},[49,99231,84],{"class":63},[49,99233,2126],{"class":80},[49,99235,100],{"class":63},[49,99237,99238,99240,99242,99244],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99239,123],{"class":122},[49,99241,126],{"class":63},[49,99243,3323],{"class":112},[49,99245,335],{"class":63},[591,99247,99249],{"id":99248},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[40,99251,99253],{"className":42,"code":99252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99254,99255,99283,99298,99302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99256,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279,99281],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99258,7451],{"class":55},[49,99260,60],{"class":59},[49,99262,3296],{"class":63},[49,99264,2659],{"class":80},[49,99266,84],{"class":63},[49,99268,81],{"class":80},[49,99270,84],{"class":63},[49,99272,97],{"class":80},[49,99274,84],{"class":63},[49,99276,2120],{"class":80},[49,99278,84],{"class":63},[49,99280,2120],{"class":80},[49,99282,3309],{"class":63},[49,99284,99285,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99286,99287],{"class":55},"unique_items ",[49,99289,60],{"class":59},[49,99291,15113],{"class":1428},[49,99293,126],{"class":63},[49,99295,7482],{"class":112},[49,99297,335],{"class":63},[49,99299,99300],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,99301,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,99303,99304,99306,99308,99311],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,99305,123],{"class":122},[49,99307,126],{"class":63},[49,99309,99310],{"class":112},"unique_items",[49,99312,335],{"class":63},[591,99314,98660],{"id":99315},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[40,99317,99319],{"className":42,"code":99318,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99320,99321,99339],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99322,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99324,35583],{"class":55},[49,99326,60],{"class":59},[49,99328,15113],{"class":1428},[49,99330,126],{"class":63},[49,99332,68],{"class":67},[49,99334,3760],{"class":71},[49,99336,68],{"class":67},[49,99338,335],{"class":63},[49,99340,99341,99343,99345,99347],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99342,123],{"class":122},[49,99344,126],{"class":63},[49,99346,35636],{"class":112},[49,99348,335],{"class":63},[591,99350,99352],{"id":99351},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[40,99354,99356],{"className":42,"code":99355,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99357,99358,99368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99359,99360,99362,99364,99366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99361,97798],{"class":55},[49,99363,60],{"class":59},[49,99365,15113],{"class":1428},[49,99367,116],{"class":63},[49,99369,99370,99372,99374,99376],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99371,123],{"class":122},[49,99373,126],{"class":63},[49,99375,97817],{"class":112},[49,99377,335],{"class":63},[35,99379,1376],{"id":1375},[20,99381,99382],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[591,99384,8092,99386,99388],{"id":99385},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99387,175],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99390,99391],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[40,99393,99395],{"className":42,"code":99394,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99396,99397,99405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99398,99399,99401,99403],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99400,2115],{"class":55},[49,99402,60],{"class":59},[49,99404,450],{"class":63},[49,99406,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99408,123],{"class":122},[49,99410,126],{"class":63},[49,99412,1429],{"class":1428},[49,99414,126],{"class":63},[49,99416,2142],{"class":112},[49,99418,1436],{"class":63},[20,99420,99421],{},"This prints:",[40,99423,99424],{"className":42,"code":8483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,99425,99426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99427,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99429,2962],{"class":59},[49,99431,2965],{"class":1734},[49,99433,406],{"class":67},[49,99435,8496],{"class":71},[49,99437,397],{"class":67},[49,99439,2974],{"class":59},[20,99441,1762,99442,6301],{},[15,99443,3469],{},[591,99445,99447],{"id":99446},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99449,99450],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[40,99452,99454],{"className":42,"code":99453,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99455,99456,99484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99457,99458,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99459,3291],{"class":55},[49,99461,60],{"class":59},[49,99463,64],{"class":63},[49,99465,2659],{"class":80},[49,99467,84],{"class":63},[49,99469,81],{"class":80},[49,99471,84],{"class":63},[49,99473,97],{"class":80},[49,99475,84],{"class":63},[49,99477,97],{"class":80},[49,99479,84],{"class":63},[49,99481,2120],{"class":80},[49,99483,100],{"class":63},[49,99485,99486,99488,99490,99492],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99487,123],{"class":122},[49,99489,126],{"class":63},[49,99491,3323],{"class":112},[49,99493,335],{"class":63},[20,99495,99496],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[591,99498,99500],{"id":99499},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99502,99503],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99505,99506],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[40,99508,99510],{"className":42,"code":99509,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99511,99512,99532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99513,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99515,3291],{"class":55},[49,99517,60],{"class":59},[49,99519,64],{"class":63},[49,99521,1999],{"class":80},[49,99523,84],{"class":63},[49,99525,7462],{"class":80},[49,99527,84],{"class":63},[49,99529,7467],{"class":80},[49,99531,100],{"class":63},[49,99533,99534],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99535,99536],{"class":134},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99538,99539],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[591,99541,99543],{"id":99542},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99545,99546],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[40,99548,99550],{"className":42,"code":99549,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99551,99552,99557],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99553,99554],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99555,99556],{"class":134},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[49,99558,99559],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99560,99561],{"class":134},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99563,99564,99565,109],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99566,2676],{},[591,99568,99570],{"id":99569},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99572,99573],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[40,99575,99577],{"className":42,"code":99576,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99578,99579,99599,99631,99635,99649],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99580,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99582,15108],{"class":55},[49,99584,60],{"class":59},[49,99586,64],{"class":63},[49,99588,2659],{"class":80},[49,99590,84],{"class":63},[49,99592,97],{"class":80},[49,99594,84],{"class":63},[49,99596,2120],{"class":80},[49,99598,100],{"class":63},[49,99600,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99602,495],{"class":55},[49,99604,60],{"class":59},[49,99606,64],{"class":63},[49,99608,68],{"class":67},[49,99610,72],{"class":71},[49,99612,68],{"class":67},[49,99614,77],{"class":63},[49,99616,81],{"class":80},[49,99618,84],{"class":63},[49,99620,87],{"class":67},[49,99622,90],{"class":71},[49,99624,68],{"class":67},[49,99626,77],{"class":63},[49,99628,97],{"class":80},[49,99630,100],{"class":63},[49,99632,99633],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,99634,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,99636,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,99638,123],{"class":122},[49,99640,126],{"class":63},[49,99642,1429],{"class":1428},[49,99644,126],{"class":63},[49,99646,15146],{"class":112},[49,99648,1436],{"class":63},[49,99650,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,99652,123],{"class":122},[49,99654,126],{"class":63},[49,99656,1429],{"class":1428},[49,99658,126],{"class":63},[49,99660,199],{"class":112},[49,99662,1436],{"class":63},[35,99664,92291],{"id":92290},[20,99666,99667],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[40,99669,99671],{"className":42,"code":99670,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99672,99673,99699,99703,99717,99727,99741,99748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99674,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99676,15108],{"class":55},[49,99678,60],{"class":59},[49,99680,15113],{"class":1428},[49,99682,2656],{"class":63},[49,99684,2659],{"class":80},[49,99686,84],{"class":63},[49,99688,97],{"class":80},[49,99690,84],{"class":63},[49,99692,97],{"class":80},[49,99694,84],{"class":63},[49,99696,2120],{"class":80},[49,99698,3561],{"class":63},[49,99700,99701],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99702,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,99704,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,99706,123],{"class":122},[49,99708,126],{"class":63},[49,99710,1429],{"class":1428},[49,99712,126],{"class":63},[49,99714,15146],{"class":112},[49,99716,1436],{"class":63},[49,99718,99719,99721,99723,99725],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,99720,123],{"class":122},[49,99722,126],{"class":63},[49,99724,15146],{"class":112},[49,99726,335],{"class":63},[49,99728,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,99730,123],{"class":122},[49,99732,126],{"class":63},[49,99734,10824],{"class":122},[49,99736,126],{"class":63},[49,99738,15146],{"class":112},[49,99740,1436],{"class":63},[49,99742,99743,99745],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,99744,123],{"class":122},[49,99746,99747],{"class":63},"({})\n",[49,99749,99750,99752,99754,99756],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,99751,123],{"class":122},[49,99753,126],{"class":63},[49,99755,5960],{"class":1428},[49,99757,6865],{"class":63},[20,99759,99760],{},"Use these to confirm:",[155,99762,99763,99766,99769,99772],{},[158,99764,99765],{},"The object type",[158,99767,99768],{},"The actual values stored",[158,99770,99771],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[158,99773,99774,99775,1017,99777],{},"The difference between ",[15,99776,175],{},[15,99778,3469],{},[35,99780,1498],{"id":1497},[591,99782,99784],{"id":99783},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99786,99787,99788,99791,99792,99794],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99789,99790],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99793,3469],{}," with another iterable.",[591,99796,99798],{"id":99797},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99800,1762,99801,99803,99804,99806],{},[15,99802,3469],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99805,175],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[591,99808,99810],{"id":99809},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99812,99813],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[591,99815,99817],{"id":99816},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99819,99820],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[591,99822,99824],{"id":99823},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99826,99827],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[35,99829,1550],{"id":1549},[155,99831,99832,99836,99842,99848,99853],{},[158,99833,99834],{},[72,99835,95836],{"href":97007},[158,99837,99838],{},[72,99839,3247,99840,1571],{"href":98008},[15,99841,95716],{},[158,99843,99844],{},[72,99845,3247,99846,1571],{"href":98027},[15,99847,96822],{},[158,99849,99850],{},[72,99851,99852],{"href":98585},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[158,99854,99855],{},[72,99856,99857],{"href":98299},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99859,99860],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1597,99862,99863],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":99865},[99866,99867,99868,99869,99872,99878,99882,99883,99884,99890,99898,99899,99906],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":14641,"depth":103,"text":14642},{"id":98271,"depth":103,"text":98272},{"id":98303,"depth":103,"text":98304,"children":99870},[99871],{"id":98372,"depth":119,"text":98373},{"id":98476,"depth":103,"text":99873,"children":99874},"Create a set with set()",[99875,99876,99877],{"id":98501,"depth":119,"text":98502},{"id":98589,"depth":119,"text":98590},{"id":98659,"depth":119,"text":98660},{"id":98744,"depth":103,"text":98745,"children":99879},[99880],{"id":98821,"depth":119,"text":99881},"Do not use {}",{"id":71773,"depth":103,"text":71774},{"id":99029,"depth":103,"text":99030},{"id":99201,"depth":103,"text":99202,"children":99885},[99886,99887,99888,99889],{"id":99205,"depth":119,"text":99206},{"id":99248,"depth":119,"text":99249},{"id":99315,"depth":119,"text":98660},{"id":99351,"depth":119,"text":99352},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":99891},[99892,99894,99895,99896,99897],{"id":99385,"depth":119,"text":99893},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99446,"depth":119,"text":99447},{"id":99499,"depth":119,"text":99500},{"id":99542,"depth":119,"text":99543},{"id":99569,"depth":119,"text":99570},{"id":92290,"depth":103,"text":92291},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":99900},[99901,99902,99903,99904,99905],{"id":99783,"depth":119,"text":99784},{"id":99797,"depth":119,"text":99798},{"id":99809,"depth":119,"text":99810},{"id":99816,"depth":119,"text":99817},{"id":99823,"depth":119,"text":99824},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98074,"description":99907},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99913,"title":99914,"body":99915,"description":102346,"extension":1632,"meta":102347,"navigation":312,"path":102348,"seo":102349,"stem":102350,"__hash__":102351},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99916,"toc":102311},[99917,99923,99929,99932,99934,100011,100013,100030,100040,100042,100047,100055,100057,100073,100077,100079,100081,100084,100105,100108,100132,100138,100140,100237,100239,100256,100266,100268,100270,100278,100280,100291,100293,100384,100386,100410,100421,100423,100425,100428,100558,100560,100633,100635,100656,100659,100661,100667,100672,100675,100802,100804,100821,100824,100826,100834,100837,100841,100849,100940,100942,100979,100984,100991,101068,101070,101086,101091,101096,101098,101107,101115,101196,101198,101227,101230,101234,101245,101248,101331,101333,101354,101360,101362,101364,101368,101372,101379,101444,101446,101466,101469,101538,101540,101556,101560,101566,101578,101586,101588,101673,101675,101704,101707,101711,101716,101718,101768,101771,101852,101854,101870,101874,101877,101952,101955,101959,101962,102039,102041,102074,102080,102084,102087,102222,102224,102238,102240,102242,102248,102251,102258,102266,102272,102275,102279,102282,102284,102286,102308],[10,99918,95708,99920,18],{"id":99919},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99921,99922],{},"difference()",[20,99924,99925,99928],{},[15,99926,99927],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99930,99931],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[35,99933,3281],{"id":3280},[40,99935,99937],{"className":42,"code":99936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99938,99939,99963,99983,100001],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99940,99941,99943,99945,99947,99949,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99942,2224],{"class":55},[49,99944,60],{"class":59},[49,99946,64],{"class":63},[49,99948,2659],{"class":80},[49,99950,84],{"class":63},[49,99952,97],{"class":80},[49,99954,84],{"class":63},[49,99956,2120],{"class":80},[49,99958,84],{"class":63},[49,99960,2126],{"class":80},[49,99962,100],{"class":63},[49,99964,99965,99967,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977,99979,99981],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,99966,2252],{"class":55},[49,99968,60],{"class":59},[49,99970,64],{"class":63},[49,99972,1731],{"class":80},[49,99974,84],{"class":63},[49,99976,2126],{"class":80},[49,99978,84],{"class":63},[49,99980,4279],{"class":80},[49,99982,100],{"class":63},[49,99984,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,99986,534],{"class":55},[49,99988,60],{"class":59},[49,99990,56390],{"class":55},[49,99992,109],{"class":63},[49,99994,2482],{"class":112},[49,99996,126],{"class":63},[49,99998,90],{"class":112},[49,100000,335],{"class":63},[49,100002,100003,100005,100007,100009],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,100004,123],{"class":122},[49,100006,126],{"class":63},[49,100008,558],{"class":112},[49,100010,335],{"class":63},[20,100012,573],{},[40,100014,100016],{"className":42,"code":100015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100017,100018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100019,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100021,8949],{"class":63},[49,100023,2659],{"class":80},[49,100025,84],{"class":63},[49,100027,97],{"class":80},[49,100029,100],{"class":63},[20,100031,100032,100034,100035,100037,100038,109],{},[15,100033,99922],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100036,72],{}," that are not in ",[15,100039,90],{},[44415,100041],{},[35,100043,144,100045,147],{"id":100044},"what-difference-does",[15,100046,99922],{},[20,100048,150,100049,100051,100052,100054],{},[15,100050,99922],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[30,100053,600],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100056,12529],{},[155,100058,100059,100064,100067,100070],{},[158,100060,100061,100063],{},[15,100062,99922],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[158,100065,100066],{},"It creates a new set",[158,100068,100069],{},"It does not change the original set",[158,100071,100072],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100074,95832,100075,109],{},[72,100076,95836],{"href":97007},[44415,100078],{},[35,100080,189],{"id":188},[20,100082,100083],{},"Use this form:",[40,100085,100087],{"className":42,"code":100086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100088,100089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100090,100091,100094,100096,100098,100100,100103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100092,100093],{"class":55},"set1",[49,100095,109],{"class":63},[49,100097,2482],{"class":112},[49,100099,126],{"class":63},[49,100101,100102],{"class":112},"set2",[49,100104,335],{"class":63},[20,100106,100107],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[40,100109,100111],{"className":42,"code":100110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100112,100113],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100114,100115,100117,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100130],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100116,100093],{"class":55},[49,100118,109],{"class":63},[49,100120,2482],{"class":112},[49,100122,126],{"class":63},[49,100124,100102],{"class":112},[49,100126,84],{"class":63},[49,100128,100129],{"class":112}," set3",[49,100131,335],{"class":63},[20,100133,100134,100135,100137],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[30,100136,5026],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100139,1244],{},[40,100141,100143],{"className":42,"code":100142,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100144,100145,100173,100189,100201,100205,100227],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100146,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100148,2224],{"class":55},[49,100150,60],{"class":59},[49,100152,64],{"class":63},[49,100154,2659],{"class":80},[49,100156,84],{"class":63},[49,100158,97],{"class":80},[49,100160,84],{"class":63},[49,100162,2120],{"class":80},[49,100164,84],{"class":63},[49,100166,2126],{"class":80},[49,100168,84],{"class":63},[49,100170,4279],{"class":80},[49,100172,100],{"class":63},[49,100174,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,100176,2252],{"class":55},[49,100178,60],{"class":59},[49,100180,64],{"class":63},[49,100182,1725],{"class":80},[49,100184,84],{"class":63},[49,100186,2120],{"class":80},[49,100188,100],{"class":63},[49,100190,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,100192,82691],{"class":55},[49,100194,60],{"class":59},[49,100196,64],{"class":63},[49,100198,1807],{"class":80},[49,100200,100],{"class":63},[49,100202,100203],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,100204,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,100206,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221,100223,100225],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,100208,534],{"class":55},[49,100210,60],{"class":59},[49,100212,56390],{"class":55},[49,100214,109],{"class":63},[49,100216,2482],{"class":112},[49,100218,126],{"class":63},[49,100220,90],{"class":112},[49,100222,84],{"class":63},[49,100224,9348],{"class":112},[49,100226,335],{"class":63},[49,100228,100229,100231,100233,100235],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,100230,123],{"class":122},[49,100232,126],{"class":63},[49,100234,558],{"class":112},[49,100236,335],{"class":63},[20,100238,573],{},[40,100240,100242],{"className":42,"code":100241,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100243,100244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100245,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100247,8949],{"class":63},[49,100249,2659],{"class":80},[49,100251,84],{"class":63},[49,100253,2126],{"class":80},[49,100255,100],{"class":63},[20,100257,100258,100259,100261,100262,2548,100264,109],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100260,72],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100263,90],{},[15,100265,9406],{},[44415,100267],{},[35,100269,16900],{"id":16899},[20,100271,100272,100274,100275,109],{},[15,100273,99922],{}," always returns a ",[30,100276,100277],{},"new set",[20,100279,43148],{},[155,100281,100282,100285,100288],{},[158,100283,100284],{},"The return value is a new set",[158,100286,100287],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[158,100289,100290],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100292,1244],{},[40,100294,100296],{"className":42,"code":100295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100297,100298,100314,100334,100338,100356,100360,100370],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100299,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310,100312],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100301,2224],{"class":55},[49,100303,60],{"class":59},[49,100305,64],{"class":63},[49,100307,2659],{"class":80},[49,100309,84],{"class":63},[49,100311,97],{"class":80},[49,100313,100],{"class":63},[49,100315,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,100317,2252],{"class":55},[49,100319,60],{"class":59},[49,100321,64],{"class":63},[49,100323,2659],{"class":80},[49,100325,84],{"class":63},[49,100327,97],{"class":80},[49,100329,84],{"class":63},[49,100331,2120],{"class":80},[49,100333,100],{"class":63},[49,100335,100336],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,100337,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,100339,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,100341,534],{"class":55},[49,100343,60],{"class":59},[49,100345,56390],{"class":55},[49,100347,109],{"class":63},[49,100349,2482],{"class":112},[49,100351,126],{"class":63},[49,100353,90],{"class":112},[49,100355,335],{"class":63},[49,100357,100358],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,100359,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,100361,100362,100364,100366,100368],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,100363,123],{"class":122},[49,100365,126],{"class":63},[49,100367,558],{"class":112},[49,100369,335],{"class":63},[49,100371,100372,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,100373,123],{"class":122},[49,100375,126],{"class":63},[49,100377,1429],{"class":1428},[49,100379,126],{"class":63},[49,100381,558],{"class":112},[49,100383,1436],{"class":63},[20,100385,573],{},[40,100387,100388],{"className":42,"code":98796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,100389,100390,100396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100391,100392,100394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100393,5960],{"class":1428},[49,100395,116],{"class":63},[49,100397,100398,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,100399,2962],{"class":59},[49,100401,2965],{"class":1734},[49,100403,406],{"class":67},[49,100405,5960],{"class":71},[49,100407,397],{"class":67},[49,100409,2974],{"class":59},[20,100411,100412,100413,18446,100415,100417,100418,100420],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100414,3469],{},[15,100416,175],{},". In Python, ",[15,100419,175],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44415,100422],{},[35,100424,225],{"id":224},[20,100426,100427],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[40,100429,100431],{"className":42,"code":100430,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100432,100433,100466,100499,100503,100523,100527,100537,100548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100434,100435,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460,100462,100464],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100436,100437],{"class":55},"fruits_a ",[49,100439,60],{"class":59},[49,100441,64],{"class":63},[49,100443,68],{"class":67},[49,100445,3751],{"class":71},[49,100447,68],{"class":67},[49,100449,84],{"class":63},[49,100451,87],{"class":67},[49,100453,3760],{"class":71},[49,100455,68],{"class":67},[49,100457,84],{"class":63},[49,100459,87],{"class":67},[49,100461,32710],{"class":71},[49,100463,68],{"class":67},[49,100465,100],{"class":63},[49,100467,100468,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,100469,100470],{"class":55},"fruits_b ",[49,100472,60],{"class":59},[49,100474,64],{"class":63},[49,100476,68],{"class":67},[49,100478,3760],{"class":71},[49,100480,68],{"class":67},[49,100482,84],{"class":63},[49,100484,87],{"class":67},[49,100486,32710],{"class":71},[49,100488,68],{"class":67},[49,100490,84],{"class":63},[49,100492,87],{"class":67},[49,100494,22017],{"class":71},[49,100496,68],{"class":67},[49,100498,100],{"class":63},[49,100500,100501],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,100502,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,100504,100505,100507,100509,100512,100514,100516,100518,100521],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,100506,534],{"class":55},[49,100508,60],{"class":59},[49,100510,100511],{"class":55}," fruits_a",[49,100513,109],{"class":63},[49,100515,2482],{"class":112},[49,100517,126],{"class":63},[49,100519,100520],{"class":112},"fruits_b",[49,100522,335],{"class":63},[49,100524,100525],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,100526,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,100528,100529,100531,100533,100535],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,100530,123],{"class":122},[49,100532,126],{"class":63},[49,100534,558],{"class":112},[49,100536,335],{"class":63},[49,100538,100539,100541,100543,100546],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,100540,123],{"class":122},[49,100542,126],{"class":63},[49,100544,100545],{"class":112},"fruits_a",[49,100547,335],{"class":63},[49,100549,100550,100552,100554,100556],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,100551,123],{"class":122},[49,100553,126],{"class":63},[49,100555,100520],{"class":112},[49,100557,335],{"class":63},[20,100559,29517],{},[40,100561,100563],{"className":42,"code":100562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100564,100565,100577,100605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100566,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100568,8949],{"class":63},[49,100570,397],{"class":67},[49,100572,3751],{"class":71},[49,100574,397],{"class":67},[49,100576,100],{"class":63},[49,100578,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,100580,8949],{"class":63},[49,100582,397],{"class":67},[49,100584,3760],{"class":71},[49,100586,397],{"class":67},[49,100588,84],{"class":63},[49,100590,406],{"class":67},[49,100592,32710],{"class":71},[49,100594,397],{"class":67},[49,100596,84],{"class":63},[49,100598,406],{"class":67},[49,100600,3751],{"class":71},[49,100602,397],{"class":67},[49,100604,100],{"class":63},[49,100606,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,100608,8949],{"class":63},[49,100610,397],{"class":67},[49,100612,3760],{"class":71},[49,100614,397],{"class":67},[49,100616,84],{"class":63},[49,100618,406],{"class":67},[49,100620,32710],{"class":71},[49,100622,397],{"class":67},[49,100624,84],{"class":63},[49,100626,406],{"class":67},[49,100628,22017],{"class":71},[49,100630,397],{"class":67},[49,100632,100],{"class":63},[20,100634,453],{},[155,100636,100637,100642,100647,100653],{},[158,100638,100639,100640],{},"Start with ",[15,100641,100545],{},[158,100643,100644,100645],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100646,100520],{},[158,100648,100649,100650,100652],{},"Only ",[15,100651,57336],{}," remains",[158,100654,100655],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100657,100658],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44415,100660],{},[35,100662,8092,100664,100666],{"id":100663},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100665,99922],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100668,100669,100670,109],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100671,99922],{},[20,100673,100674],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[40,100676,100678],{"className":42,"code":100677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100679,100680,100712,100729,100742,100759,100763,100792],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100681,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100683,3291],{"class":55},[49,100685,60],{"class":59},[49,100687,64],{"class":63},[49,100689,2659],{"class":80},[49,100691,84],{"class":63},[49,100693,97],{"class":80},[49,100695,84],{"class":63},[49,100697,2120],{"class":80},[49,100699,84],{"class":63},[49,100701,2126],{"class":80},[49,100703,84],{"class":63},[49,100705,4279],{"class":80},[49,100707,84],{"class":63},[49,100709,37138],{"class":80},[49,100711,100],{"class":63},[49,100713,100714,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,100715,100716],{"class":55},"group_a ",[49,100718,60],{"class":59},[49,100720,64],{"class":63},[49,100722,1725],{"class":80},[49,100724,84],{"class":63},[49,100726,2126],{"class":80},[49,100728,100],{"class":63},[49,100730,100731,100734,100736,100738,100740],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,100732,100733],{"class":55},"group_b ",[49,100735,60],{"class":59},[49,100737,64],{"class":63},[49,100739,1807],{"class":80},[49,100741,100],{"class":63},[49,100743,100744,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,100745,100746],{"class":55},"group_c ",[49,100748,60],{"class":59},[49,100750,64],{"class":63},[49,100752,80099],{"class":80},[49,100754,84],{"class":63},[49,100756,5666],{"class":80},[49,100758,100],{"class":63},[49,100760,100761],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,100762,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,100764,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100780,100782,100785,100787,100790],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,100766,534],{"class":55},[49,100768,60],{"class":59},[49,100770,3936],{"class":55},[49,100772,109],{"class":63},[49,100774,2482],{"class":112},[49,100776,126],{"class":63},[49,100778,100779],{"class":112},"group_a",[49,100781,84],{"class":63},[49,100783,100784],{"class":112}," group_b",[49,100786,84],{"class":63},[49,100788,100789],{"class":112}," group_c",[49,100791,335],{"class":63},[49,100793,100794,100796,100798,100800],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,100795,123],{"class":122},[49,100797,126],{"class":63},[49,100799,558],{"class":112},[49,100801,335],{"class":63},[20,100803,573],{},[40,100805,100807],{"className":42,"code":100806,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100808,100809],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100810,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100812,8949],{"class":63},[49,100814,2659],{"class":80},[49,100816,84],{"class":63},[49,100818,2120],{"class":80},[49,100820,100],{"class":63},[20,100822,100823],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44415,100825],{},[35,100827,100829,10249,100831],{"id":100828},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100830,99922],{},[15,100832,100833],{},"difference_update()",[20,100835,100836],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[591,100838,100839],{"id":2482},[15,100840,99922],{},[155,100842,100843,100846],{},[158,100844,100845],{},"Returns a new set",[158,100847,100848],{},"Does not change the original set",[40,100850,100852],{"className":42,"code":100851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100853,100854,100878,100894,100898,100916,100920,100930],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100855,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100857,2224],{"class":55},[49,100859,60],{"class":59},[49,100861,64],{"class":63},[49,100863,2659],{"class":80},[49,100865,84],{"class":63},[49,100867,97],{"class":80},[49,100869,84],{"class":63},[49,100871,2120],{"class":80},[49,100873,84],{"class":63},[49,100875,2126],{"class":80},[49,100877,100],{"class":63},[49,100879,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,100881,2252],{"class":55},[49,100883,60],{"class":59},[49,100885,64],{"class":63},[49,100887,1731],{"class":80},[49,100889,84],{"class":63},[49,100891,2126],{"class":80},[49,100893,100],{"class":63},[49,100895,100896],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,100897,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,100899,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,100901,534],{"class":55},[49,100903,60],{"class":59},[49,100905,56390],{"class":55},[49,100907,109],{"class":63},[49,100909,2482],{"class":112},[49,100911,126],{"class":63},[49,100913,90],{"class":112},[49,100915,335],{"class":63},[49,100917,100918],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,100919,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,100921,100922,100924,100926,100928],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,100923,123],{"class":122},[49,100925,126],{"class":63},[49,100927,558],{"class":112},[49,100929,335],{"class":63},[49,100931,100932,100934,100936,100938],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,100933,123],{"class":122},[49,100935,126],{"class":63},[49,100937,72],{"class":112},[49,100939,335],{"class":63},[20,100941,573],{},[40,100943,100945],{"className":42,"code":100944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100946,100947,100959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100948,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100950,8949],{"class":63},[49,100952,2659],{"class":80},[49,100954,84],{"class":63},[49,100956,97],{"class":80},[49,100958,100],{"class":63},[49,100960,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973,100975,100977],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,100962,8949],{"class":63},[49,100964,2659],{"class":80},[49,100966,84],{"class":63},[49,100968,97],{"class":80},[49,100970,84],{"class":63},[49,100972,2120],{"class":80},[49,100974,84],{"class":63},[49,100976,2126],{"class":80},[49,100978,100],{"class":63},[591,100980,100982],{"id":100981},"difference_update",[15,100983,100833],{},[155,100985,100986,100989],{},[158,100987,100988],{},"Changes the original set",[158,100990,95826],{},[40,100992,100994],{"className":42,"code":100993,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100995,100996,101020,101036,101040,101054,101058],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100997,100998,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100999,2224],{"class":55},[49,101001,60],{"class":59},[49,101003,64],{"class":63},[49,101005,2659],{"class":80},[49,101007,84],{"class":63},[49,101009,97],{"class":80},[49,101011,84],{"class":63},[49,101013,2120],{"class":80},[49,101015,84],{"class":63},[49,101017,2126],{"class":80},[49,101019,100],{"class":63},[49,101021,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101023,2252],{"class":55},[49,101025,60],{"class":59},[49,101027,64],{"class":63},[49,101029,1731],{"class":80},[49,101031,84],{"class":63},[49,101033,2126],{"class":80},[49,101035,100],{"class":63},[49,101037,101038],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101039,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101041,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101043,72],{"class":55},[49,101045,109],{"class":63},[49,101047,100981],{"class":112},[49,101049,126],{"class":63},[49,101051,90],{"class":112},[49,101053,335],{"class":63},[49,101055,101056],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,101057,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101059,101060,101062,101064,101066],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,101061,123],{"class":122},[49,101063,126],{"class":63},[49,101065,72],{"class":112},[49,101067,335],{"class":63},[20,101069,573],{},[40,101071,101072],{"className":42,"code":100015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101073,101074],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101075,101076,101078,101080,101082,101084],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101077,8949],{"class":63},[49,101079,2659],{"class":80},[49,101081,84],{"class":63},[49,101083,97],{"class":80},[49,101085,100],{"class":63},[20,101087,1762,101088,101090],{},[15,101089,99922],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101092,101093,101094,33090],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101095,100833],{},[44415,101097],{},[35,101099,101101,101103,101104,101106],{"id":101100},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101102,99922],{}," vs the ",[15,101105,1690],{}," operator",[20,101108,150,101109,101111,101112,101114],{},[15,101110,1690],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101113,99922],{}," for two sets.",[40,101116,101118],{"className":42,"code":101117,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101119,101120,101144,101160,101164,101182],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101121,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101123,2224],{"class":55},[49,101125,60],{"class":59},[49,101127,64],{"class":63},[49,101129,2659],{"class":80},[49,101131,84],{"class":63},[49,101133,97],{"class":80},[49,101135,84],{"class":63},[49,101137,2120],{"class":80},[49,101139,84],{"class":63},[49,101141,2126],{"class":80},[49,101143,100],{"class":63},[49,101145,101146,101148,101150,101152,101154,101156,101158],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101147,2252],{"class":55},[49,101149,60],{"class":59},[49,101151,64],{"class":63},[49,101153,1731],{"class":80},[49,101155,84],{"class":63},[49,101157,2126],{"class":80},[49,101159,100],{"class":63},[49,101161,101162],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101163,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101165,101166,101168,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178,101180],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101167,123],{"class":122},[49,101169,126],{"class":63},[49,101171,72],{"class":112},[49,101173,109],{"class":63},[49,101175,2482],{"class":112},[49,101177,126],{"class":63},[49,101179,90],{"class":112},[49,101181,1436],{"class":63},[49,101183,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,101185,123],{"class":122},[49,101187,126],{"class":63},[49,101189,2224],{"class":112},[49,101191,1690],{"class":59},[49,101193,2229],{"class":112},[49,101195,335],{"class":63},[20,101197,573],{},[40,101199,101201],{"className":42,"code":101200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101202,101203,101215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101204,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101206,8949],{"class":63},[49,101208,2659],{"class":80},[49,101210,84],{"class":63},[49,101212,97],{"class":80},[49,101214,100],{"class":63},[49,101216,101217,101219,101221,101223,101225],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101218,8949],{"class":63},[49,101220,2659],{"class":80},[49,101222,84],{"class":63},[49,101224,97],{"class":80},[49,101226,100],{"class":63},[20,101228,101229],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101231,94096,101232,1529],{},[15,101233,99922],{},[155,101235,101236,101239,101242],{},[158,101237,101238],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[158,101240,101241],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[158,101243,101244],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101246,101247],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[40,101249,101251],{"className":42,"code":101250,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101252,101253,101281,101293,101305,101309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101254,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101256,2224],{"class":55},[49,101258,60],{"class":59},[49,101260,64],{"class":63},[49,101262,2659],{"class":80},[49,101264,84],{"class":63},[49,101266,97],{"class":80},[49,101268,84],{"class":63},[49,101270,2120],{"class":80},[49,101272,84],{"class":63},[49,101274,2126],{"class":80},[49,101276,84],{"class":63},[49,101278,4279],{"class":80},[49,101280,100],{"class":63},[49,101282,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101284,2252],{"class":55},[49,101286,60],{"class":59},[49,101288,64],{"class":63},[49,101290,1725],{"class":80},[49,101292,100],{"class":63},[49,101294,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101296,82691],{"class":55},[49,101298,60],{"class":59},[49,101300,64],{"class":63},[49,101302,2174],{"class":80},[49,101304,100],{"class":63},[49,101306,101307],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101308,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101310,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,101312,123],{"class":122},[49,101314,126],{"class":63},[49,101316,72],{"class":112},[49,101318,109],{"class":63},[49,101320,2482],{"class":112},[49,101322,126],{"class":63},[49,101324,90],{"class":112},[49,101326,84],{"class":63},[49,101328,9348],{"class":112},[49,101330,1436],{"class":63},[20,101332,573],{},[40,101334,101336],{"className":42,"code":101335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101337,101338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101339,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101341,8949],{"class":63},[49,101343,2659],{"class":80},[49,101345,84],{"class":63},[49,101347,2120],{"class":80},[49,101349,84],{"class":63},[49,101351,4279],{"class":80},[49,101353,100],{"class":63},[20,101355,101356,101357,101359],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101358,1690],{}," operator expression.",[44415,101361],{},[35,101363,4192],{"id":4191},[20,101365,20695,101366,109],{},[15,101367,99922],{},[591,101369,101371],{"id":101370},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101373,4302,101374,101376,101377,77],{},[30,101375,600],{}," change ",[15,101378,72],{},[40,101380,101382],{"className":42,"code":101381,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101383,101384,101404,101416,101420,101434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101385,101386,101388,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101387,2224],{"class":55},[49,101389,60],{"class":59},[49,101391,64],{"class":63},[49,101393,2659],{"class":80},[49,101395,84],{"class":63},[49,101397,97],{"class":80},[49,101399,84],{"class":63},[49,101401,2120],{"class":80},[49,101403,100],{"class":63},[49,101405,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101407,2252],{"class":55},[49,101409,60],{"class":59},[49,101411,64],{"class":63},[49,101413,1731],{"class":80},[49,101415,100],{"class":63},[49,101417,101418],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101419,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101421,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101423,72],{"class":55},[49,101425,109],{"class":63},[49,101427,2482],{"class":112},[49,101429,126],{"class":63},[49,101431,90],{"class":112},[49,101433,335],{"class":63},[49,101435,101436,101438,101440,101442],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,101437,123],{"class":122},[49,101439,126],{"class":63},[49,101441,72],{"class":112},[49,101443,335],{"class":63},[20,101445,573],{},[40,101447,101448],{"className":42,"code":96115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101449,101450],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101451,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101453,8949],{"class":63},[49,101455,2659],{"class":80},[49,101457,84],{"class":63},[49,101459,97],{"class":80},[49,101461,84],{"class":63},[49,101463,2120],{"class":80},[49,101465,100],{"class":63},[20,101467,101468],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[40,101470,101472],{"className":42,"code":101471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101473,101474,101494,101506,101510,101528],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101475,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101477,2224],{"class":55},[49,101479,60],{"class":59},[49,101481,64],{"class":63},[49,101483,2659],{"class":80},[49,101485,84],{"class":63},[49,101487,97],{"class":80},[49,101489,84],{"class":63},[49,101491,2120],{"class":80},[49,101493,100],{"class":63},[49,101495,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101497,2252],{"class":55},[49,101499,60],{"class":59},[49,101501,64],{"class":63},[49,101503,1731],{"class":80},[49,101505,100],{"class":63},[49,101507,101508],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101509,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101511,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101513,2224],{"class":55},[49,101515,60],{"class":59},[49,101517,56390],{"class":55},[49,101519,109],{"class":63},[49,101521,2482],{"class":112},[49,101523,126],{"class":63},[49,101525,90],{"class":112},[49,101527,335],{"class":63},[49,101529,101530,101532,101534,101536],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,101531,123],{"class":122},[49,101533,126],{"class":63},[49,101535,72],{"class":112},[49,101537,335],{"class":63},[20,101539,573],{},[40,101541,101542],{"className":42,"code":100015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101543,101544],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101545,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101547,8949],{"class":63},[49,101549,2659],{"class":80},[49,101551,84],{"class":63},[49,101553,97],{"class":80},[49,101555,100],{"class":63},[591,101557,101559],{"id":101558},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101561,101562,101565],{},[15,101563,101564],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[155,101567,101568,101573],{},[158,101569,101570,101571],{},"keep items from ",[15,101572,72],{},[158,101574,101575,101576],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101577,90],{},[20,101579,40402,101580,101582,101583,101585],{},[30,101581,600],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101584,90],{},"”.",[20,101587,1244],{},[40,101589,101591],{"className":42,"code":101590,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101592,101593,101613,101633,101637,101655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101594,101595,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101596,2224],{"class":55},[49,101598,60],{"class":59},[49,101600,64],{"class":63},[49,101602,2659],{"class":80},[49,101604,84],{"class":63},[49,101606,97],{"class":80},[49,101608,84],{"class":63},[49,101610,2120],{"class":80},[49,101612,100],{"class":63},[49,101614,101615,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101616,2252],{"class":55},[49,101618,60],{"class":59},[49,101620,64],{"class":63},[49,101622,1731],{"class":80},[49,101624,84],{"class":63},[49,101626,2126],{"class":80},[49,101628,84],{"class":63},[49,101630,4279],{"class":80},[49,101632,100],{"class":63},[49,101634,101635],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101636,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101638,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101640,123],{"class":122},[49,101642,126],{"class":63},[49,101644,72],{"class":112},[49,101646,109],{"class":63},[49,101648,2482],{"class":112},[49,101650,126],{"class":63},[49,101652,90],{"class":112},[49,101654,1436],{"class":63},[49,101656,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,101658,123],{"class":122},[49,101660,126],{"class":63},[49,101662,90],{"class":112},[49,101664,109],{"class":63},[49,101666,2482],{"class":112},[49,101668,126],{"class":63},[49,101670,72],{"class":112},[49,101672,1436],{"class":63},[20,101674,573],{},[40,101676,101678],{"className":42,"code":101677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101679,101680,101692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101681,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101683,8949],{"class":63},[49,101685,2659],{"class":80},[49,101687,84],{"class":63},[49,101689,97],{"class":80},[49,101691,100],{"class":63},[49,101693,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101695,8949],{"class":63},[49,101697,2174],{"class":80},[49,101699,84],{"class":63},[49,101701,4279],{"class":80},[49,101703,100],{"class":63},[20,101705,101706],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[591,101708,101710],{"id":101709},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101712,101713,101715],{},[15,101714,99922],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101717,54821],{},[40,101719,101721],{"className":42,"code":101720,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101722,101723,101743,101759,101763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101724,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101726,2224],{"class":55},[49,101728,60],{"class":59},[49,101730,3296],{"class":63},[49,101732,2659],{"class":80},[49,101734,84],{"class":63},[49,101736,97],{"class":80},[49,101738,84],{"class":63},[49,101740,2120],{"class":80},[49,101742,3309],{"class":63},[49,101744,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101746,2252],{"class":55},[49,101748,60],{"class":59},[49,101750,3296],{"class":63},[49,101752,1731],{"class":80},[49,101754,84],{"class":63},[49,101756,2126],{"class":80},[49,101758,3309],{"class":63},[49,101760,101761],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101762,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101764,101765],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101766,101767],{"class":134},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101769,101770],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[40,101772,101774],{"className":42,"code":101773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101775,101776,101796,101812,101816,101842],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101777,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101779,2224],{"class":55},[49,101781,60],{"class":59},[49,101783,3296],{"class":63},[49,101785,2659],{"class":80},[49,101787,84],{"class":63},[49,101789,97],{"class":80},[49,101791,84],{"class":63},[49,101793,2120],{"class":80},[49,101795,3309],{"class":63},[49,101797,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101799,2252],{"class":55},[49,101801,60],{"class":59},[49,101803,3296],{"class":63},[49,101805,1731],{"class":80},[49,101807,84],{"class":63},[49,101809,2126],{"class":80},[49,101811,3309],{"class":63},[49,101813,101814],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101815,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101817,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101819,534],{"class":55},[49,101821,60],{"class":59},[49,101823,15113],{"class":1428},[49,101825,126],{"class":63},[49,101827,72],{"class":112},[49,101829,8306],{"class":63},[49,101831,2482],{"class":112},[49,101833,126],{"class":63},[49,101835,5960],{"class":1428},[49,101837,126],{"class":63},[49,101839,90],{"class":112},[49,101841,1436],{"class":63},[49,101843,101844,101846,101848,101850],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,101845,123],{"class":122},[49,101847,126],{"class":63},[49,101849,558],{"class":112},[49,101851,335],{"class":63},[20,101853,573],{},[40,101855,101856],{"className":42,"code":100015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101857,101858],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101859,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101861,8949],{"class":63},[49,101863,2659],{"class":80},[49,101865,84],{"class":63},[49,101867,97],{"class":80},[49,101869,100],{"class":63},[591,101871,101873],{"id":101872},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101875,101876],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[40,101878,101880],{"className":42,"code":101879,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101881,101882,101914,101930,101934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101883,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101885,2224],{"class":55},[49,101887,60],{"class":59},[49,101889,64],{"class":63},[49,101891,68],{"class":67},[49,101893,36541],{"class":71},[49,101895,68],{"class":67},[49,101897,84],{"class":63},[49,101899,87],{"class":67},[49,101901,57630],{"class":71},[49,101903,68],{"class":67},[49,101905,84],{"class":63},[49,101907,87],{"class":67},[49,101909,57647],{"class":71},[49,101911,68],{"class":67},[49,101913,100],{"class":63},[49,101915,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101917,2252],{"class":55},[49,101919,60],{"class":59},[49,101921,64],{"class":63},[49,101923,68],{"class":67},[49,101925,57630],{"class":71},[49,101927,68],{"class":67},[49,101929,100],{"class":63},[49,101931,101932],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,101933,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,101935,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,101937,123],{"class":122},[49,101939,126],{"class":63},[49,101941,72],{"class":112},[49,101943,109],{"class":63},[49,101945,2482],{"class":112},[49,101947,126],{"class":63},[49,101949,90],{"class":112},[49,101951,1436],{"class":63},[20,101953,101954],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[591,101956,101958],{"id":101957},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101960,101961],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[40,101963,101965],{"className":42,"code":101964,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101966,101967,101995,102007,102011,102021],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101968,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101970,2224],{"class":55},[49,101972,60],{"class":59},[49,101974,64],{"class":63},[49,101976,2659],{"class":80},[49,101978,84],{"class":63},[49,101980,81],{"class":80},[49,101982,84],{"class":63},[49,101984,97],{"class":80},[49,101986,84],{"class":63},[49,101988,97],{"class":80},[49,101990,84],{"class":63},[49,101992,2120],{"class":80},[49,101994,100],{"class":63},[49,101996,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,101998,2252],{"class":55},[49,102000,60],{"class":59},[49,102002,64],{"class":63},[49,102004,1731],{"class":80},[49,102006,100],{"class":63},[49,102008,102009],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,102010,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,102012,102013,102015,102017,102019],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,102014,123],{"class":122},[49,102016,126],{"class":63},[49,102018,72],{"class":112},[49,102020,335],{"class":63},[49,102022,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,102024,123],{"class":122},[49,102026,126],{"class":63},[49,102028,72],{"class":112},[49,102030,109],{"class":63},[49,102032,2482],{"class":112},[49,102034,126],{"class":63},[49,102036,90],{"class":112},[49,102038,1436],{"class":63},[20,102040,573],{},[40,102042,102044],{"className":42,"code":102043,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102045,102046,102062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102047,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102049,8949],{"class":63},[49,102051,2659],{"class":80},[49,102053,84],{"class":63},[49,102055,97],{"class":80},[49,102057,84],{"class":63},[49,102059,2120],{"class":80},[49,102061,100],{"class":63},[49,102063,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,102065,8949],{"class":63},[49,102067,2659],{"class":80},[49,102069,84],{"class":63},[49,102071,97],{"class":80},[49,102073,100],{"class":63},[20,102075,102076,102077,102079],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102078,99922],{}," runs.",[591,102081,102083],{"id":102082},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102085,102086],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[40,102088,102090],{"className":42,"code":102089,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102091,102092,102116,102136,102140,102150,102160,102178,102200],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102093,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102095,2224],{"class":55},[49,102097,60],{"class":59},[49,102099,64],{"class":63},[49,102101,2659],{"class":80},[49,102103,84],{"class":63},[49,102105,97],{"class":80},[49,102107,84],{"class":63},[49,102109,2120],{"class":80},[49,102111,84],{"class":63},[49,102113,2126],{"class":80},[49,102115,100],{"class":63},[49,102117,102118,102120,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132,102134],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,102119,2252],{"class":55},[49,102121,60],{"class":59},[49,102123,64],{"class":63},[49,102125,1731],{"class":80},[49,102127,84],{"class":63},[49,102129,2126],{"class":80},[49,102131,84],{"class":63},[49,102133,4279],{"class":80},[49,102135,100],{"class":63},[49,102137,102138],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,102139,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,102141,102142,102144,102146,102148],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,102143,123],{"class":122},[49,102145,126],{"class":63},[49,102147,72],{"class":112},[49,102149,335],{"class":63},[49,102151,102152,102154,102156,102158],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,102153,123],{"class":122},[49,102155,126],{"class":63},[49,102157,90],{"class":112},[49,102159,335],{"class":63},[49,102161,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,102163,123],{"class":122},[49,102165,126],{"class":63},[49,102167,72],{"class":112},[49,102169,109],{"class":63},[49,102171,2482],{"class":112},[49,102173,126],{"class":63},[49,102175,90],{"class":112},[49,102177,1436],{"class":63},[49,102179,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,102181,123],{"class":122},[49,102183,126],{"class":63},[49,102185,1429],{"class":1428},[49,102187,126],{"class":63},[49,102189,72],{"class":112},[49,102191,109],{"class":63},[49,102193,2482],{"class":112},[49,102195,126],{"class":63},[49,102197,90],{"class":112},[49,102199,2582],{"class":63},[49,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,102203,123],{"class":122},[49,102205,126],{"class":63},[49,102207,10824],{"class":122},[49,102209,126],{"class":63},[49,102211,72],{"class":112},[49,102213,109],{"class":63},[49,102215,2482],{"class":112},[49,102217,126],{"class":63},[49,102219,90],{"class":112},[49,102221,2582],{"class":63},[20,102223,10833],{},[155,102225,102226,102229,102232,102235],{},[158,102227,102228],{},"what is in each set",[158,102230,102231],{},"what result Python creates",[158,102233,102234],{},"that the result is a set",[158,102236,102237],{},"how many items remain",[44415,102239],{},[35,102241,1498],{"id":1497},[591,102243,1502,102245,102247],{"id":102244},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102246,99922],{}," change the original set?",[20,102249,102250],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[591,102252,1524,102254,1017,102256,1529],{"id":102253},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102255,99922],{},[15,102257,100833],{},[20,102259,102260,102262,102263,102265],{},[15,102261,99922],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102264,100833],{}," modifies the original set.",[591,102267,27815,102269,102271],{"id":102268},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102270,99922],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102273,102274],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[591,102276,102278],{"id":102277},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102280,102281],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44415,102283],{},[35,102285,1550],{"id":1549},[155,102287,102288,102292,102300],{},[158,102289,102290],{},[72,102291,95836],{"href":97007},[158,102293,102294],{},[72,102295,96322,102297,1571],{"href":102296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102298,102299],{},"intersection()",[158,102301,102302],{},[72,102303,96322,102305,1571],{"href":102304},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102306,102307],{},"union()",[1597,102309,102310],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":102312},[102313,102314,102316,102317,102318,102319,102321,102326,102328,102336,102345],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":100044,"depth":103,"text":102315},"What difference() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":100663,"depth":103,"text":102320},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100828,"depth":103,"text":102322,"children":102323},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102324,102325],{"id":2482,"depth":119,"text":99922},{"id":100981,"depth":119,"text":100833},{"id":101100,"depth":103,"text":102327},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":102329},[102330,102331,102332,102333,102334,102335],{"id":101370,"depth":119,"text":101371},{"id":101558,"depth":119,"text":101559},{"id":101709,"depth":119,"text":101710},{"id":101872,"depth":119,"text":101873},{"id":101957,"depth":119,"text":101958},{"id":102082,"depth":119,"text":102083},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":102337},[102338,102340,102342,102344],{"id":102244,"depth":119,"text":102339},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102253,"depth":119,"text":102341},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102268,"depth":119,"text":102343},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102277,"depth":119,"text":102278},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99914,"description":102346},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102353,"title":102354,"body":102355,"description":104050,"extension":1632,"meta":104051,"navigation":312,"path":104052,"seo":104053,"stem":104054,"__hash__":104055},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102356,"toc":104012},[102357,102363,102369,102382,102384,102485,102487,102532,102537,102542,102546,102560,102563,102571,102573,102592,102610,102614,102667,102669,102690,102697,102702,102729,102736,102835,102837,102874,102882,102886,102892,102895,102968,102970,102978,102983,103052,103054,103079,103081,103084,103187,103189,103250,103253,103257,103263,103336,103338,103371,103374,103377,103417,103423,103446,103451,103455,103466,103469,103471,103475,103481,103483,103540,103550,103552,103605,103612,103617,103685,103693,103699,103703,103705,103744,103749,103798,103802,103805,103807,103846,103849,103851,103856,103913,103915,103929,103931,103935,103941,103946,103951,103958,103969,103975,103980,103982,104009],[10,102358,95708,102360,18],{"id":102359},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102361,102362],{},"discard()",[20,102364,102365,102368],{},[15,102366,102367],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102370,102371,102372,1858,102377,13532,102379,102381],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[72,102373,102374],{"href":97717},[15,102375,102376],{},"set.remove()",[15,102378,102362],{},[30,102380,600],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[35,102383,38],{"id":37},[40,102385,102387],{"className":42,"code":102386,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102388,102389,102421,102440,102450,102454,102475],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102392,12553],{"class":55},[49,102394,60],{"class":59},[49,102396,64],{"class":63},[49,102398,68],{"class":67},[49,102400,12570],{"class":71},[49,102402,68],{"class":67},[49,102404,84],{"class":63},[49,102406,87],{"class":67},[49,102408,12587],{"class":71},[49,102410,68],{"class":67},[49,102412,84],{"class":63},[49,102414,87],{"class":67},[49,102416,16937],{"class":71},[49,102418,68],{"class":67},[49,102420,100],{"class":63},[49,102422,102423,102425,102427,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,102424,16984],{"class":55},[49,102426,109],{"class":63},[49,102428,102429],{"class":112},"discard",[49,102431,126],{"class":63},[49,102433,68],{"class":67},[49,102435,12587],{"class":71},[49,102437,68],{"class":67},[49,102439,335],{"class":63},[49,102441,102442,102444,102446,102448],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,102443,123],{"class":122},[49,102445,126],{"class":63},[49,102447,16984],{"class":112},[49,102449,335],{"class":63},[49,102451,102452],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,102453,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,102455,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,102457,16984],{"class":55},[49,102459,109],{"class":63},[49,102461,102429],{"class":112},[49,102463,126],{"class":63},[49,102465,68],{"class":67},[49,102467,22008],{"class":71},[49,102469,68],{"class":67},[49,102471,131],{"class":63},[49,102473,102474],{"class":134},"  # no error if missing\n",[49,102476,102477,102479,102481,102483],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,102478,123],{"class":122},[49,102480,126],{"class":63},[49,102482,16984],{"class":112},[49,102484,335],{"class":63},[20,102486,29517],{},[40,102488,102490],{"className":42,"code":102489,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102491,102492,102512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102493,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102495,8949],{"class":63},[49,102497,397],{"class":67},[49,102499,12570],{"class":71},[49,102501,397],{"class":67},[49,102503,84],{"class":63},[49,102505,406],{"class":67},[49,102507,16937],{"class":71},[49,102509,397],{"class":67},[49,102511,100],{"class":63},[49,102513,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,102515,8949],{"class":63},[49,102517,397],{"class":67},[49,102519,12570],{"class":71},[49,102521,397],{"class":67},[49,102523,84],{"class":63},[49,102525,406],{"class":67},[49,102527,16937],{"class":71},[49,102529,397],{"class":67},[49,102531,100],{"class":63},[20,102533,1762,102534,102536],{},[15,102535,102362],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[35,102538,144,102540,147],{"id":102539},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102541,102367],{},[20,102543,102544,77],{},[15,102545,102362],{},[155,102547,102548,102551,102554,102556],{},[158,102549,102550],{},"Removes one item from a set",[158,102552,102553],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[158,102555,95823],{},[158,102557,166,102558],{},[15,102559,169],{},[20,102561,102562],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102564,95832,102565,2548,102568,109],{},[72,102566,102567],{"href":98299},"what a set is in Python",[72,102569,102570],{"href":97391},"how to create a set",[35,102572,189],{"id":188},[40,102574,102576],{"className":42,"code":102575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102577,102578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102579,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102581,15146],{"class":55},[49,102583,109],{"class":63},[49,102585,102429],{"class":112},[49,102587,126],{"class":63},[49,102589,2142],{"class":112},[49,102591,335],{"class":63},[155,102593,102594,102599,102604,102607],{},[158,102595,102596,102598],{},[15,102597,15146],{}," is the set you want to change",[158,102600,102601,102603],{},[15,102602,2142],{}," is the item you want to remove",[158,102605,102606],{},"The set must already exist",[158,102608,102609],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[591,102611,102613],{"id":102612},"example","Example",[40,102615,102617],{"className":42,"code":102616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102618,102619,102643,102657],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102620,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102622,3291],{"class":55},[49,102624,60],{"class":59},[49,102626,64],{"class":63},[49,102628,2659],{"class":80},[49,102630,84],{"class":63},[49,102632,97],{"class":80},[49,102634,84],{"class":63},[49,102636,2120],{"class":80},[49,102638,84],{"class":63},[49,102640,2126],{"class":80},[49,102642,100],{"class":63},[49,102644,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653,102655],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,102646,3323],{"class":55},[49,102648,109],{"class":63},[49,102650,102429],{"class":112},[49,102652,126],{"class":63},[49,102654,1731],{"class":80},[49,102656,335],{"class":63},[49,102658,102659,102661,102663,102665],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,102660,123],{"class":122},[49,102662,126],{"class":63},[49,102664,3323],{"class":112},[49,102666,335],{"class":63},[20,102668,573],{},[40,102670,102672],{"className":42,"code":102671,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102673,102674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102675,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102677,8949],{"class":63},[49,102679,2659],{"class":80},[49,102681,84],{"class":63},[49,102683,97],{"class":80},[49,102685,84],{"class":63},[49,102687,2126],{"class":80},[49,102689,100],{"class":63},[35,102691,102693,102694,102696],{"id":102692},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102695,102362],{}," different",[20,102698,102699,102701],{},[15,102700,102362],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[155,102703,102704,102717,102726],{},[158,102705,102706,102707,1858,102711,102713,102714,102716],{},"Unlike ",[72,102708,102709],{"href":97717},[15,102710,55031],{},[15,102712,102362],{}," does not raise ",[15,102715,19170],{}," when the item is missing",[158,102718,102706,102719,1858,102723,102725],{},[72,102720,102721],{"href":97722},[15,102722,1570],{},[15,102724,102362],{}," removes a specific item",[158,102727,102728],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[591,102730,102732,10249,102734],{"id":102731},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102733,102362],{},[15,102735,55031],{},[40,102737,102739],{"className":42,"code":102738,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102740,102741,102765,102769,102790,102800,102804,102825],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102742,102743,102745,102747,102749,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102744,7451],{"class":55},[49,102746,60],{"class":59},[49,102748,64],{"class":63},[49,102750,68],{"class":67},[49,102752,3751],{"class":71},[49,102754,68],{"class":67},[49,102756,84],{"class":63},[49,102758,87],{"class":67},[49,102760,3760],{"class":71},[49,102762,68],{"class":67},[49,102764,100],{"class":63},[49,102766,102767],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,102768,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,102770,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,102772,7482],{"class":55},[49,102774,109],{"class":63},[49,102776,102429],{"class":112},[49,102778,126],{"class":63},[49,102780,68],{"class":67},[49,102782,32710],{"class":71},[49,102784,68],{"class":67},[49,102786,131],{"class":63},[49,102788,102789],{"class":134},"   # no error\n",[49,102791,102792,102794,102796,102798],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,102793,123],{"class":122},[49,102795,126],{"class":63},[49,102797,7482],{"class":112},[49,102799,335],{"class":63},[49,102801,102802],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,102803,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,102805,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,102807,7482],{"class":55},[49,102809,109],{"class":63},[49,102811,34285],{"class":112},[49,102813,126],{"class":63},[49,102815,68],{"class":67},[49,102817,3760],{"class":71},[49,102819,68],{"class":67},[49,102821,131],{"class":63},[49,102823,102824],{"class":134},"    # removes existing item\n",[49,102826,102827,102829,102831,102833],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,102828,123],{"class":122},[49,102830,126],{"class":63},[49,102832,7482],{"class":112},[49,102834,335],{"class":63},[20,102836,573],{},[40,102838,102840],{"className":42,"code":102839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102841,102842,102862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102843,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102845,8949],{"class":63},[49,102847,397],{"class":67},[49,102849,3751],{"class":71},[49,102851,397],{"class":67},[49,102853,84],{"class":63},[49,102855,406],{"class":67},[49,102857,3760],{"class":71},[49,102859,397],{"class":67},[49,102861,100],{"class":63},[49,102863,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,102865,8949],{"class":63},[49,102867,397],{"class":67},[49,102869,3751],{"class":71},[49,102871,397],{"class":67},[49,102873,100],{"class":63},[20,102875,39839,102876,102878,102879,102881],{},[15,102877,55031],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[72,102880,10737],{"href":10736}," for more help with that case.",[35,102883,102885],{"id":102884},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102887,102888,480,102890,109],{},[15,102889,102362],{},[15,102891,169],{},[20,102893,102894],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[40,102896,102898],{"className":42,"code":102897,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102899,102900,102932,102954,102958],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102901,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928,102930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102903,12553],{"class":55},[49,102905,60],{"class":59},[49,102907,64],{"class":63},[49,102909,68],{"class":67},[49,102911,12570],{"class":71},[49,102913,68],{"class":67},[49,102915,84],{"class":63},[49,102917,87],{"class":67},[49,102919,12587],{"class":71},[49,102921,68],{"class":67},[49,102923,84],{"class":63},[49,102925,87],{"class":67},[49,102927,16937],{"class":71},[49,102929,68],{"class":67},[49,102931,100],{"class":63},[49,102933,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,102935,534],{"class":55},[49,102937,60],{"class":59},[49,102939,12601],{"class":55},[49,102941,109],{"class":63},[49,102943,102429],{"class":112},[49,102945,126],{"class":63},[49,102947,68],{"class":67},[49,102949,12587],{"class":71},[49,102951,68],{"class":67},[49,102953,335],{"class":63},[49,102955,102956],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,102957,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,102959,102960,102962,102964,102966],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,102961,123],{"class":122},[49,102963,126],{"class":63},[49,102965,558],{"class":112},[49,102967,335],{"class":63},[20,102969,573],{},[40,102971,102972],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,102973,102974],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102975,102976],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102977,584],{"class":583},[20,102979,102980,102981,77],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102982,16984],{},[40,102984,102986],{"className":42,"code":102985,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102987,102988,103020,103038,103042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102989,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102991,12553],{"class":55},[49,102993,60],{"class":59},[49,102995,64],{"class":63},[49,102997,68],{"class":67},[49,102999,12570],{"class":71},[49,103001,68],{"class":67},[49,103003,84],{"class":63},[49,103005,87],{"class":67},[49,103007,12587],{"class":71},[49,103009,68],{"class":67},[49,103011,84],{"class":63},[49,103013,87],{"class":67},[49,103015,16937],{"class":71},[49,103017,68],{"class":67},[49,103019,100],{"class":63},[49,103021,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103023,16984],{"class":55},[49,103025,109],{"class":63},[49,103027,102429],{"class":112},[49,103029,126],{"class":63},[49,103031,68],{"class":67},[49,103033,12587],{"class":71},[49,103035,68],{"class":67},[49,103037,335],{"class":63},[49,103039,103040],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,103041,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,103043,103044,103046,103048,103050],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,103045,123],{"class":122},[49,103047,126],{"class":63},[49,103049,16984],{"class":112},[49,103051,335],{"class":63},[20,103053,573],{},[40,103055,103057],{"className":42,"code":103056,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103058,103059],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103060,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103062,8949],{"class":63},[49,103064,397],{"class":67},[49,103066,12570],{"class":71},[49,103068,397],{"class":67},[49,103070,84],{"class":63},[49,103072,406],{"class":67},[49,103074,16937],{"class":71},[49,103076,397],{"class":67},[49,103078,100],{"class":63},[35,103080,225],{"id":224},[20,103082,103083],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[40,103085,103087],{"className":42,"code":103086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103088,103089,103121,103125,103143,103147,103165,103169],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103090,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103092,35732],{"class":55},[49,103094,60],{"class":59},[49,103096,64],{"class":63},[49,103098,68],{"class":67},[49,103100,3751],{"class":71},[49,103102,68],{"class":67},[49,103104,84],{"class":63},[49,103106,87],{"class":67},[49,103108,3760],{"class":71},[49,103110,68],{"class":67},[49,103112,84],{"class":63},[49,103114,87],{"class":67},[49,103116,32710],{"class":71},[49,103118,68],{"class":67},[49,103120,100],{"class":63},[49,103122,103123],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103124,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,103128,123],{"class":122},[49,103130,126],{"class":63},[49,103132,68],{"class":67},[49,103134,325],{"class":71},[49,103136,68],{"class":67},[49,103138,84],{"class":63},[49,103140,52353],{"class":112},[49,103142,335],{"class":63},[49,103144,103145],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,103146,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,103148,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,103150,35784],{"class":55},[49,103152,109],{"class":63},[49,103154,102429],{"class":112},[49,103156,126],{"class":63},[49,103158,68],{"class":67},[49,103160,3760],{"class":71},[49,103162,68],{"class":67},[49,103164,335],{"class":63},[49,103166,103167],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,103168,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,103170,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,103172,123],{"class":122},[49,103174,126],{"class":63},[49,103176,68],{"class":67},[49,103178,369],{"class":71},[49,103180,68],{"class":67},[49,103182,84],{"class":63},[49,103184,52353],{"class":112},[49,103186,335],{"class":63},[20,103188,573],{},[40,103190,103192],{"className":42,"code":103191,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103193,103194,103226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103195,103196,103198,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103197,390],{"class":55},[49,103199,77],{"class":63},[49,103201,64],{"class":63},[49,103203,397],{"class":67},[49,103205,3760],{"class":71},[49,103207,397],{"class":67},[49,103209,84],{"class":63},[49,103211,406],{"class":67},[49,103213,3751],{"class":71},[49,103215,397],{"class":67},[49,103217,84],{"class":63},[49,103219,406],{"class":67},[49,103221,32710],{"class":71},[49,103223,397],{"class":67},[49,103225,100],{"class":63},[49,103227,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103229,445],{"class":55},[49,103231,77],{"class":63},[49,103233,64],{"class":63},[49,103235,397],{"class":67},[49,103237,3751],{"class":71},[49,103239,397],{"class":67},[49,103241,84],{"class":63},[49,103243,406],{"class":67},[49,103245,32710],{"class":71},[49,103247,397],{"class":67},[49,103249,100],{"class":63},[20,103251,103252],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[35,103254,103256],{"id":103255},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103258,103259,103260,103262],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103261,102362],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[40,103264,103266],{"className":42,"code":103265,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103267,103268,103300,103304,103322,103326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103269,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103271,35732],{"class":55},[49,103273,60],{"class":59},[49,103275,64],{"class":63},[49,103277,68],{"class":67},[49,103279,3751],{"class":71},[49,103281,68],{"class":67},[49,103283,84],{"class":63},[49,103285,87],{"class":67},[49,103287,3760],{"class":71},[49,103289,68],{"class":67},[49,103291,84],{"class":63},[49,103293,87],{"class":67},[49,103295,32710],{"class":71},[49,103297,68],{"class":67},[49,103299,100],{"class":63},[49,103301,103302],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103303,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,103305,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,103307,35784],{"class":55},[49,103309,109],{"class":63},[49,103311,102429],{"class":112},[49,103313,126],{"class":63},[49,103315,68],{"class":67},[49,103317,22017],{"class":71},[49,103319,68],{"class":67},[49,103321,335],{"class":63},[49,103323,103324],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,103325,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,103327,103328,103330,103332,103334],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,103329,123],{"class":122},[49,103331,126],{"class":63},[49,103333,35784],{"class":112},[49,103335,335],{"class":63},[20,103337,573],{},[40,103339,103341],{"className":42,"code":103340,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103342,103343],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103344,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103346,8949],{"class":63},[49,103348,397],{"class":67},[49,103350,3760],{"class":71},[49,103352,397],{"class":67},[49,103354,84],{"class":63},[49,103356,406],{"class":67},[49,103358,3751],{"class":71},[49,103360,397],{"class":67},[49,103362,84],{"class":63},[49,103364,406],{"class":67},[49,103366,32710],{"class":71},[49,103368,397],{"class":67},[49,103370,100],{"class":63},[20,103372,103373],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103375,103376],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[40,103378,103380],{"className":42,"code":103379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103381,103382,103398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103383,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103385,6668],{"class":973},[49,103387,87],{"class":67},[49,103389,22017],{"class":71},[49,103391,68],{"class":67},[49,103393,20657],{"class":59},[49,103395,52353],{"class":55},[49,103397,6067],{"class":63},[49,103399,103400,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103401,103402],{"class":55},"    fruits",[49,103404,109],{"class":63},[49,103406,34285],{"class":112},[49,103408,126],{"class":63},[49,103410,68],{"class":67},[49,103412,22017],{"class":71},[49,103414,68],{"class":67},[49,103416,335],{"class":63},[20,103418,103419,103420,103422],{},"With ",[15,103421,102362],{},", you can simply write:",[40,103424,103426],{"className":42,"code":103425,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103427,103428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103429,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103431,35784],{"class":55},[49,103433,109],{"class":63},[49,103435,102429],{"class":112},[49,103437,126],{"class":63},[49,103439,68],{"class":67},[49,103441,22017],{"class":71},[49,103443,68],{"class":67},[49,103445,335],{"class":63},[35,103447,1223,103449],{"id":103448},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103450,102362],{},[20,103452,1762,103453,10265],{},[15,103454,102362],{},[155,103456,103457,103460,103463],{},[158,103458,103459],{},"Missing values are normal",[158,103461,103462],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[158,103464,103465],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103467,103468],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[35,103470,1376],{"id":1375},[20,103472,8122,103473,109],{},[15,103474,102362],{},[591,103476,1392,103478,103480],{"id":103477},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103479,102362],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103482,4199],{},[40,103484,103486],{"className":42,"code":103485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103487,103488,103508,103526,103530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103489,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103491,3291],{"class":55},[49,103493,60],{"class":59},[49,103495,64],{"class":63},[49,103497,2659],{"class":80},[49,103499,84],{"class":63},[49,103501,97],{"class":80},[49,103503,84],{"class":63},[49,103505,2120],{"class":80},[49,103507,100],{"class":63},[49,103509,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103511,3291],{"class":55},[49,103513,60],{"class":59},[49,103515,3936],{"class":55},[49,103517,109],{"class":63},[49,103519,102429],{"class":112},[49,103521,126],{"class":63},[49,103523,1725],{"class":80},[49,103525,335],{"class":63},[49,103527,103528],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,103529,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,103531,103532,103534,103536,103538],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,103533,123],{"class":122},[49,103535,126],{"class":63},[49,103537,3323],{"class":112},[49,103539,335],{"class":63},[20,103541,103542,41652,103544,8276,103546,480,103548,109],{},[15,103543,3323],{},[15,103545,169],{},[15,103547,102362],{},[15,103549,169],{},[20,103551,18323],{},[40,103553,103555],{"className":42,"code":103554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103556,103557,103577,103591,103595],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103558,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103560,3291],{"class":55},[49,103562,60],{"class":59},[49,103564,64],{"class":63},[49,103566,2659],{"class":80},[49,103568,84],{"class":63},[49,103570,97],{"class":80},[49,103572,84],{"class":63},[49,103574,2120],{"class":80},[49,103576,100],{"class":63},[49,103578,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103580,3323],{"class":55},[49,103582,109],{"class":63},[49,103584,102429],{"class":112},[49,103586,126],{"class":63},[49,103588,1725],{"class":80},[49,103590,335],{"class":63},[49,103592,103593],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,103594,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,103596,103597,103599,103601,103603],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,103598,123],{"class":122},[49,103600,126],{"class":63},[49,103602,3323],{"class":112},[49,103604,335],{"class":63},[591,103606,36698,103608,8379,103610],{"id":103607},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103609,102362],{},[15,103611,55031],{},[20,103613,103614,103615,109],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103616,102362],{},[40,103618,103620],{"className":42,"code":103619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103621,103622,103654,103675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103623,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103625,35583],{"class":55},[49,103627,60],{"class":59},[49,103629,64],{"class":63},[49,103631,68],{"class":67},[49,103633,72],{"class":71},[49,103635,68],{"class":67},[49,103637,84],{"class":63},[49,103639,87],{"class":67},[49,103641,90],{"class":71},[49,103643,68],{"class":67},[49,103645,84],{"class":63},[49,103647,87],{"class":67},[49,103649,9406],{"class":71},[49,103651,68],{"class":67},[49,103653,100],{"class":63},[49,103655,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103657,35636],{"class":55},[49,103659,109],{"class":63},[49,103661,102429],{"class":112},[49,103663,126],{"class":63},[49,103665,68],{"class":67},[49,103667,21561],{"class":71},[49,103669,68],{"class":67},[49,103671,131],{"class":63},[49,103673,103674],{"class":134},"   # safe\n",[49,103676,103677,103679,103681,103683],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,103678,123],{"class":122},[49,103680,126],{"class":63},[49,103682,35636],{"class":112},[49,103684,335],{"class":63},[20,103686,103687,103688,45407,103691,109],{},"If you use ",[15,103689,103690],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103692,19170],{},[591,103694,25102,103696,103698],{"id":103695},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103697,102362],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103700,103701,101715],{},[15,103702,102362],{},[20,103704,16124],{},[40,103706,103708],{"className":42,"code":103707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103709,103710,103730],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103711,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103713,7451],{"class":55},[49,103715,60],{"class":59},[49,103717,3296],{"class":63},[49,103719,2659],{"class":80},[49,103721,84],{"class":63},[49,103723,97],{"class":80},[49,103725,84],{"class":63},[49,103727,2120],{"class":80},[49,103729,3309],{"class":63},[49,103731,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103733,7482],{"class":55},[49,103735,109],{"class":63},[49,103737,102429],{"class":112},[49,103739,126],{"class":63},[49,103741,1725],{"class":80},[49,103743,335],{"class":63},[20,103745,103746,103747,77],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103748,102362],{},[40,103750,103752],{"className":42,"code":103751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103753,103754,103774,103788],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103755,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103757,7451],{"class":55},[49,103759,60],{"class":59},[49,103761,64],{"class":63},[49,103763,2659],{"class":80},[49,103765,84],{"class":63},[49,103767,97],{"class":80},[49,103769,84],{"class":63},[49,103771,2120],{"class":80},[49,103773,100],{"class":63},[49,103775,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103777,7482],{"class":55},[49,103779,109],{"class":63},[49,103781,102429],{"class":112},[49,103783,126],{"class":63},[49,103785,1725],{"class":80},[49,103787,335],{"class":63},[49,103789,103790,103792,103794,103796],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,103791,123],{"class":122},[49,103793,126],{"class":63},[49,103795,7482],{"class":112},[49,103797,335],{"class":63},[591,103799,103801],{"id":103800},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103803,103804],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103806,2506],{},[40,103808,103810],{"className":42,"code":103809,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103811,103812,103832],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103813,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103815,56],{"class":55},[49,103817,60],{"class":59},[49,103819,64],{"class":63},[49,103821,2659],{"class":80},[49,103823,84],{"class":63},[49,103825,97],{"class":80},[49,103827,84],{"class":63},[49,103829,2120],{"class":80},[49,103831,100],{"class":63},[49,103833,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103835,106],{"class":55},[49,103837,109],{"class":63},[49,103839,102429],{"class":112},[49,103841,2656],{"class":63},[49,103843,1725],{"class":80},[49,103845,3561],{"class":63},[20,103847,103848],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[35,103850,8547],{"id":8546},[20,103852,8550,103853,103855],{},[15,103854,102362],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[40,103857,103859],{"className":42,"code":103858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103860,103861,103871,103885,103899],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103862,103863,103865,103867,103869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103864,123],{"class":122},[49,103866,126],{"class":63},[49,103868,15146],{"class":112},[49,103870,335],{"class":63},[49,103872,103873,103875,103877,103879,103881,103883],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,103874,123],{"class":122},[49,103876,126],{"class":63},[49,103878,1429],{"class":1428},[49,103880,126],{"class":63},[49,103882,15146],{"class":112},[49,103884,1436],{"class":63},[49,103886,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,103888,123],{"class":122},[49,103890,126],{"class":63},[49,103892,2115],{"class":112},[49,103894,3555],{"class":973},[49,103896,96432],{"class":112},[49,103898,335],{"class":63},[49,103900,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,103902,31641],{"class":122},[49,103904,126],{"class":63},[49,103906,5960],{"class":1428},[49,103908,109],{"class":63},[49,103910,102429],{"class":24235},[49,103912,335],{"class":63},[20,103914,10833],{},[155,103916,103917,103920,103923,103926],{},[158,103918,103919],{},"What is currently in the set",[158,103921,103922],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[158,103924,103925],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[158,103927,103928],{},"How Python documents the method",[35,103930,1498],{"id":1497},[591,103932,103934],{"id":103933},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103936,103937,103938,103940],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103939,102362],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[591,103942,1512,103944,1515],{"id":103943},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103945,102367],{},[20,103947,1518,103948,103950],{},[15,103949,169],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[591,103952,1524,103954,1017,103956,1529],{"id":103953},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103955,102362],{},[15,103957,55031],{},[20,103959,103960,103961,26024,103963,103965,103966,103968],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103962,55031],{},[15,103964,19170],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103967,102362],{}," does not.",[591,103970,27815,103972,103974],{"id":103971},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103973,102362],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103976,45864,103977,103979],{},[15,103978,102362],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[35,103981,1550],{"id":1549},[155,103983,103984,103990,103996,104001,104005],{},[158,103985,103986],{},[72,103987,96322,103988,1571],{"href":97717},[15,103989,55031],{},[158,103991,103992],{},[72,103993,96322,103994,1571],{"href":97722},[15,103995,1570],{},[158,103997,103998],{},[72,103999,104000],{"href":97391},"Python set: creating a set",[158,104002,104003],{},[72,104004,99857],{"href":98299},[158,104006,104007],{},[72,104008,10924],{"href":10736},[1597,104010,104011],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":104013},[104014,104015,104017,104020,104025,104026,104027,104028,104030,104039,104040,104049],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":102539,"depth":103,"text":104016},"What set.discard() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":104018},[104019],{"id":102612,"depth":119,"text":102613},{"id":102692,"depth":103,"text":104021,"children":104022},"What makes discard() different",[104023],{"id":102731,"depth":119,"text":104024},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102884,"depth":103,"text":102885},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":103255,"depth":103,"text":103256},{"id":103448,"depth":103,"text":104029},"When to use discard()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":104031},[104032,104034,104036,104038],{"id":103477,"depth":119,"text":104033},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103607,"depth":119,"text":104035},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103695,"depth":119,"text":104037},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103800,"depth":119,"text":103801},{"id":8546,"depth":103,"text":8547},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":104041},[104042,104043,104045,104047],{"id":103933,"depth":119,"text":103934},{"id":103943,"depth":119,"text":104044},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103953,"depth":119,"text":104046},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103971,"depth":119,"text":104048},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102354,"description":104050},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104057,"title":104058,"body":104059,"description":106065,"extension":1632,"meta":106066,"navigation":312,"path":106067,"seo":106068,"stem":106069,"__hash__":106070},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104060,"toc":106023},[104061,104064,104072,104077,104088,104090,104145,104149,104169,104174,104178,104183,104185,104199,104201,104276,104278,104311,104316,104321,104323,104325,104340,104343,104351,104356,104371,104373,104462,104464,104553,104559,104563,104565,104603,104605,104629,104632,104647,104649,104704,104706,104739,104741,104746,104750,104754,104759,104824,104826,104846,104852,104856,104913,104915,104936,104940,104945,104990,104992,105025,105028,105032,105065,105067,105096,105100,105104,105107,105109,105128,105130,105176,105181,105195,105197,105228,105233,105236,105280,105282,105310,105314,105318,105334,105337,105402,105404,105416,105419,105423,105426,105431,105459,105461,105479,105485,105524,105526,105544,105550,105579,105581,105599,105602,105619,105621,105626,105630,105633,105659,105666,105671,105686,105695,105699,105702,105733,105739,105742,105751,105754,105756,105758,105816,105819,105844,105846,105850,105853,105857,105865,105869,105872,105876,105879,105881,105904,105906,105947,105954,105962,105965,105996,105998,106020],[10,104062,104058],{"id":104063},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104065,8798,104066,104068,104069,109],{},[15,104067,3469],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[30,104070,104071],{},"unique values only",[20,104073,34897,104074,104076],{},[15,104075,3469],{}," to:",[155,104078,104079,104082,104085],{},[158,104080,104081],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[158,104083,104084],{},"check whether a value exists",[158,104086,104087],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[35,104089,38],{"id":37},[40,104091,104093],{"className":42,"code":104092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104094,104095,104119,104134],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104096,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104098,3291],{"class":55},[49,104100,60],{"class":59},[49,104102,3296],{"class":63},[49,104104,2659],{"class":80},[49,104106,84],{"class":63},[49,104108,97],{"class":80},[49,104110,84],{"class":63},[49,104112,97],{"class":80},[49,104114,84],{"class":63},[49,104116,2120],{"class":80},[49,104118,3309],{"class":63},[49,104120,104121,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104122,104123],{"class":55},"unique_numbers ",[49,104125,60],{"class":59},[49,104127,15113],{"class":1428},[49,104129,126],{"class":63},[49,104131,3323],{"class":112},[49,104133,335],{"class":63},[49,104135,104136,104138,104140,104143],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104137,123],{"class":122},[49,104139,126],{"class":63},[49,104141,104142],{"class":112},"unique_numbers",[49,104144,335],{"class":63},[20,104146,104147],{},[30,104148,573],{},[40,104150,104151],{"className":42,"code":96115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104152,104153],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104154,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104156,8949],{"class":63},[49,104158,2659],{"class":80},[49,104160,84],{"class":63},[49,104162,97],{"class":80},[49,104164,84],{"class":63},[49,104166,2120],{"class":80},[49,104168,100],{"class":63},[20,104170,1762,104171,104173],{},[15,104172,3469],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[35,104175,104177],{"id":104176},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104179,104180,104182],{},[15,104181,3469],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104184,30028],{},[155,104186,104187,104190,104193,104196],{},[158,104188,104189],{},"A set stores unique items only",[158,104191,104192],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[158,104194,104195],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[158,104197,104198],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104200,1244],{},[40,104202,104204],{"className":42,"code":104203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104205,104206,104246,104261,104265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104207,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104209,12553],{"class":55},[49,104211,60],{"class":59},[49,104213,3296],{"class":63},[49,104215,68],{"class":67},[49,104217,12570],{"class":71},[49,104219,68],{"class":67},[49,104221,84],{"class":63},[49,104223,87],{"class":67},[49,104225,12587],{"class":71},[49,104227,68],{"class":67},[49,104229,84],{"class":63},[49,104231,87],{"class":67},[49,104233,12570],{"class":71},[49,104235,68],{"class":67},[49,104237,84],{"class":63},[49,104239,87],{"class":67},[49,104241,16937],{"class":71},[49,104243,68],{"class":67},[49,104245,3309],{"class":63},[49,104247,104248,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104249,104250],{"class":55},"unique_colors ",[49,104252,60],{"class":59},[49,104254,15113],{"class":1428},[49,104256,126],{"class":63},[49,104258,16984],{"class":112},[49,104260,335],{"class":63},[49,104262,104263],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104264,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,104266,104267,104269,104271,104274],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,104268,123],{"class":122},[49,104270,126],{"class":63},[49,104272,104273],{"class":112},"unique_colors",[49,104275,335],{"class":63},[20,104277,29517],{},[40,104279,104281],{"className":42,"code":104280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104282,104283],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104284,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305,104307,104309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104286,8949],{"class":63},[49,104288,397],{"class":67},[49,104290,12587],{"class":71},[49,104292,397],{"class":67},[49,104294,84],{"class":63},[49,104296,406],{"class":67},[49,104298,16937],{"class":71},[49,104300,397],{"class":67},[49,104302,84],{"class":63},[49,104304,406],{"class":67},[49,104306,12570],{"class":71},[49,104308,397],{"class":67},[49,104310,100],{"class":63},[20,104312,1954,104313,104315],{},[15,104314,64897],{}," appears only once.",[20,104317,104318,104319,109],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[72,104320,95836],{"href":95835},[35,104322,189],{"id":188},[20,104324,1830],{},[40,104326,104328],{"className":42,"code":104327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104329,104330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104331,104332,104334,104336,104338],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104333,5960],{"class":1428},[49,104335,126],{"class":63},[49,104337,3394],{"class":112},[49,104339,335],{"class":63},[20,104341,104342],{},"The argument is optional.",[155,104344,104345,104348],{},[158,104346,104347],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[158,104349,104350],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104352,104353,104354,77],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104355,3469],{},[155,104357,104358,104360,104362,104364,104368],{},[158,104359,7767],{},[158,104361,48453],{},[158,104363,60678],{},[158,104365,104366],{},[15,104367,35691],{},[158,104369,104370],{},"another set",[20,104372,1796],{},[40,104374,104376],{"className":42,"code":104375,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104377,104378,104404,104426,104444],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104379,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104381,123],{"class":122},[49,104383,126],{"class":63},[49,104385,5960],{"class":1428},[49,104387,2656],{"class":63},[49,104389,2659],{"class":80},[49,104391,84],{"class":63},[49,104393,97],{"class":80},[49,104395,84],{"class":63},[49,104397,97],{"class":80},[49,104399,84],{"class":63},[49,104401,2120],{"class":80},[49,104403,2670],{"class":63},[49,104405,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104407,123],{"class":122},[49,104409,126],{"class":63},[49,104411,5960],{"class":1428},[49,104413,5183],{"class":63},[49,104415,1999],{"class":80},[49,104417,84],{"class":63},[49,104419,7462],{"class":80},[49,104421,84],{"class":63},[49,104423,5677],{"class":80},[49,104425,2582],{"class":63},[49,104427,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104429,123],{"class":122},[49,104431,126],{"class":63},[49,104433,5960],{"class":1428},[49,104435,126],{"class":63},[49,104437,68],{"class":67},[49,104439,3518],{"class":71},[49,104441,68],{"class":67},[49,104443,1436],{"class":63},[49,104445,104446,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,104447,123],{"class":122},[49,104449,126],{"class":63},[49,104451,5960],{"class":1428},[49,104453,126],{"class":63},[49,104455,59502],{"class":122},[49,104457,126],{"class":63},[49,104459,2174],{"class":80},[49,104461,2582],{"class":63},[20,104463,29517],{},[40,104465,104467],{"className":42,"code":104466,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104468,104469,104485,104497,104533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104470,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104472,8949],{"class":63},[49,104474,2659],{"class":80},[49,104476,84],{"class":63},[49,104478,97],{"class":80},[49,104480,84],{"class":63},[49,104482,2120],{"class":80},[49,104484,100],{"class":63},[49,104486,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104488,8949],{"class":63},[49,104490,1999],{"class":80},[49,104492,84],{"class":63},[49,104494,7462],{"class":80},[49,104496,100],{"class":63},[49,104498,104499,104501,104503,104505,104507,104509,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104500,8949],{"class":63},[49,104502,397],{"class":67},[49,104504,59942],{"class":71},[49,104506,397],{"class":67},[49,104508,84],{"class":63},[49,104510,406],{"class":67},[49,104512,59951],{"class":71},[49,104514,397],{"class":67},[49,104516,84],{"class":63},[49,104518,406],{"class":67},[49,104520,59960],{"class":71},[49,104522,397],{"class":67},[49,104524,84],{"class":63},[49,104526,406],{"class":67},[49,104528,59977],{"class":71},[49,104530,397],{"class":67},[49,104532,100],{"class":63},[49,104534,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549,104551],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,104536,8949],{"class":63},[49,104538,1790],{"class":80},[49,104540,84],{"class":63},[49,104542,81],{"class":80},[49,104544,84],{"class":63},[49,104546,97],{"class":80},[49,104548,84],{"class":63},[49,104550,2120],{"class":80},[49,104552,100],{"class":63},[20,104554,104555,104556,109],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[72,104557,104558],{"href":64352},"Python list() function explained",[35,104560,104562],{"id":104561},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104564,97788],{},[40,104566,104567],{"className":42,"code":98753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104568,104569,104579,104589],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104570,104571,104573,104575,104577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104572,97798],{"class":55},[49,104574,60],{"class":59},[49,104576,15113],{"class":1428},[49,104578,116],{"class":63},[49,104580,104581,104583,104585,104587],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104582,123],{"class":122},[49,104584,126],{"class":63},[49,104586,97817],{"class":112},[49,104588,335],{"class":63},[49,104590,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104592,123],{"class":122},[49,104594,126],{"class":63},[49,104596,1429],{"class":1428},[49,104598,126],{"class":63},[49,104600,97817],{"class":112},[49,104602,1436],{"class":63},[20,104604,573],{},[40,104606,104607],{"className":42,"code":98796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104608,104609,104615],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104610,104611,104613],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104612,5960],{"class":1428},[49,104614,116],{"class":63},[49,104616,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104618,2962],{"class":59},[49,104620,2965],{"class":1734},[49,104622,406],{"class":67},[49,104624,5960],{"class":71},[49,104626,397],{"class":67},[49,104628,2974],{"class":59},[20,104630,104631],{},"This is important because:",[155,104633,104634,104639],{},[158,104635,104636,104638],{},[15,104637,3469],{}," creates an empty set",[158,104640,104641,104643,104644,104646],{},[15,104642,175],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[30,104645,600],{}," a set",[20,104648,1244],{},[40,104650,104652],{"className":42,"code":104651,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104653,104654,104664,104672,104676,104690],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104655,104656,104658,104660,104662],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104657,2224],{"class":55},[49,104659,60],{"class":59},[49,104661,15113],{"class":1428},[49,104663,116],{"class":63},[49,104665,104666,104668,104670],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104667,2252],{"class":55},[49,104669,60],{"class":59},[49,104671,450],{"class":63},[49,104673,104674],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104675,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,104677,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686,104688],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,104679,123],{"class":122},[49,104681,126],{"class":63},[49,104683,1429],{"class":1428},[49,104685,126],{"class":63},[49,104687,72],{"class":112},[49,104689,1436],{"class":63},[49,104691,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,104693,123],{"class":122},[49,104695,126],{"class":63},[49,104697,1429],{"class":1428},[49,104699,126],{"class":63},[49,104701,90],{"class":112},[49,104703,1436],{"class":63},[20,104705,573],{},[40,104707,104709],{"className":42,"code":104708,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104710,104711,104725],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104712,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104714,2962],{"class":59},[49,104716,2965],{"class":1734},[49,104718,406],{"class":67},[49,104720,5960],{"class":71},[49,104722,397],{"class":67},[49,104724,2974],{"class":59},[49,104726,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104728,2962],{"class":59},[49,104730,2965],{"class":1734},[49,104732,406],{"class":67},[49,104734,8496],{"class":71},[49,104736,397],{"class":67},[49,104738,2974],{"class":59},[20,104740,13527],{},[20,104742,104743,104744,109],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[72,104745,104000],{"href":95839},[35,104747,104749],{"id":104748},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[591,104751,104753],{"id":104752},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104755,104756,104757,109],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104758,3469],{},[40,104760,104762],{"className":42,"code":104761,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104763,104764,104796,104810,104814],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104765,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104767,3291],{"class":55},[49,104769,60],{"class":59},[49,104771,3296],{"class":63},[49,104773,2659],{"class":80},[49,104775,84],{"class":63},[49,104777,97],{"class":80},[49,104779,84],{"class":63},[49,104781,97],{"class":80},[49,104783,84],{"class":63},[49,104785,2120],{"class":80},[49,104787,84],{"class":63},[49,104789,2120],{"class":80},[49,104791,84],{"class":63},[49,104793,2120],{"class":80},[49,104795,3309],{"class":63},[49,104797,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104799,534],{"class":55},[49,104801,60],{"class":59},[49,104803,15113],{"class":1428},[49,104805,126],{"class":63},[49,104807,3323],{"class":112},[49,104809,335],{"class":63},[49,104811,104812],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104813,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,104815,104816,104818,104820,104822],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,104817,123],{"class":122},[49,104819,126],{"class":63},[49,104821,558],{"class":112},[49,104823,335],{"class":63},[20,104825,573],{},[40,104827,104828],{"className":42,"code":96115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104829,104830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104831,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104833,8949],{"class":63},[49,104835,2659],{"class":80},[49,104837,84],{"class":63},[49,104839,97],{"class":80},[49,104841,84],{"class":63},[49,104843,2120],{"class":80},[49,104845,100],{"class":63},[20,104847,104848,104849,109],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[72,104850,98586],{"href":104851},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[591,104853,104855],{"id":104854},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[40,104857,104859],{"className":42,"code":104858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104860,104861,104885,104899,104903],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104862,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104864,3495],{"class":55},[49,104866,60],{"class":59},[49,104868,8907],{"class":63},[49,104870,1807],{"class":80},[49,104872,84],{"class":63},[49,104874,4279],{"class":80},[49,104876,84],{"class":63},[49,104878,5677],{"class":80},[49,104880,84],{"class":63},[49,104882,37431],{"class":80},[49,104884,335],{"class":63},[49,104886,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104888,534],{"class":55},[49,104890,60],{"class":59},[49,104892,15113],{"class":1428},[49,104894,126],{"class":63},[49,104896,5031],{"class":112},[49,104898,335],{"class":63},[49,104900,104901],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104902,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,104904,104905,104907,104909,104911],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,104906,123],{"class":122},[49,104908,126],{"class":63},[49,104910,558],{"class":112},[49,104912,335],{"class":63},[20,104914,573],{},[40,104916,104918],{"className":42,"code":104917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104919,104920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104921,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104923,8949],{"class":63},[49,104925,1807],{"class":80},[49,104927,84],{"class":63},[49,104929,5677],{"class":80},[49,104931,84],{"class":63},[49,104933,37431],{"class":80},[49,104935,100],{"class":63},[591,104937,104939],{"id":104938},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104941,50628,104942,104944],{},[15,104943,3469],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[40,104946,104948],{"className":42,"code":104947,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104949,104950,104962,104976,104980],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104951,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104953,34178],{"class":55},[49,104955,60],{"class":59},[49,104957,87],{"class":67},[49,104959,3760],{"class":71},[49,104961,301],{"class":67},[49,104963,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,104965,534],{"class":55},[49,104967,60],{"class":59},[49,104969,15113],{"class":1428},[49,104971,126],{"class":63},[49,104973,34199],{"class":112},[49,104975,335],{"class":63},[49,104977,104978],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,104979,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,104981,104982,104984,104986,104988],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,104983,123],{"class":122},[49,104985,126],{"class":63},[49,104987,558],{"class":112},[49,104989,335],{"class":63},[20,104991,29517],{},[40,104993,104995],{"className":42,"code":104994,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104996,104997],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104998,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105000,8949],{"class":63},[49,105002,397],{"class":67},[49,105004,90],{"class":71},[49,105006,397],{"class":67},[49,105008,84],{"class":63},[49,105010,406],{"class":67},[49,105012,72],{"class":71},[49,105014,397],{"class":67},[49,105016,84],{"class":63},[49,105018,406],{"class":67},[49,105020,75535],{"class":71},[49,105022,397],{"class":67},[49,105024,100],{"class":63},[20,105026,105027],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[591,105029,105031],{"id":105030},"from-range","From range()",[40,105033,105035],{"className":42,"code":105034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105036,105037,105055],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105038,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105040,534],{"class":55},[49,105042,60],{"class":59},[49,105044,15113],{"class":1428},[49,105046,126],{"class":63},[49,105048,59502],{"class":122},[49,105050,126],{"class":63},[49,105052,1807],{"class":80},[49,105054,1436],{"class":63},[49,105056,105057,105059,105061,105063],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105058,123],{"class":122},[49,105060,126],{"class":63},[49,105062,558],{"class":112},[49,105064,335],{"class":63},[20,105066,573],{},[40,105068,105070],{"className":42,"code":105069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105071,105072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105073,105074,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105075,8949],{"class":63},[49,105077,1790],{"class":80},[49,105079,84],{"class":63},[49,105081,81],{"class":80},[49,105083,84],{"class":63},[49,105085,97],{"class":80},[49,105087,84],{"class":63},[49,105089,2120],{"class":80},[49,105091,84],{"class":63},[49,105093,2126],{"class":80},[49,105095,100],{"class":63},[35,105097,105099],{"id":105098},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105101,99033,105102,109],{},[30,105103,95879],{},[20,105105,105106],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105108,99039],{},[155,105110,105111,105115,105119,105123],{},[158,105112,105113],{},[15,105114,1857],{},[158,105116,105117],{},[15,105118,3114],{},[158,105120,105121],{},[15,105122,1861],{},[158,105124,105125,105127],{},[15,105126,48453],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105129,1244],{},[40,105131,105133],{"className":42,"code":105132,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105134,105135,105166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105136,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105138,7451],{"class":55},[49,105140,60],{"class":59},[49,105142,64],{"class":63},[49,105144,2659],{"class":80},[49,105146,84],{"class":63},[49,105148,87],{"class":67},[49,105150,3518],{"class":71},[49,105152,68],{"class":67},[49,105154,84],{"class":63},[49,105156,8907],{"class":63},[49,105158,1999],{"class":80},[49,105160,84],{"class":63},[49,105162,7462],{"class":80},[49,105164,105165],{"class":63},")}\n",[49,105167,105168,105170,105172,105174],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105169,123],{"class":122},[49,105171,126],{"class":63},[49,105173,7482],{"class":112},[49,105175,335],{"class":63},[20,105177,99101,105178,105180],{},[30,105179,600],{}," work inside a set:",[155,105182,105183,105187,105191],{},[158,105184,105185],{},[15,105186,7767],{},[158,105188,105189],{},[15,105190,8496],{},[158,105192,105193],{},[15,105194,5960],{},[20,105196,96604],{},[40,105198,105200],{"className":42,"code":105199,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105201,105202],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105203,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222,105224,105226],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105205,99120],{"class":55},[49,105207,60],{"class":59},[49,105209,99125],{"class":63},[49,105211,2659],{"class":80},[49,105213,84],{"class":63},[49,105215,97],{"class":80},[49,105217,17544],{"class":63},[49,105219,3296],{"class":63},[49,105221,1731],{"class":80},[49,105223,84],{"class":63},[49,105225,2126],{"class":80},[49,105227,13184],{"class":63},[20,105229,76363,105230,105232],{},[15,105231,2676],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105234,105235],{},"A safer example:",[40,105237,105239],{"className":42,"code":105238,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105240,105241,105269],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105242,105243,105246,105248,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265,105267],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105244,105245],{"class":55},"good_set ",[49,105247,60],{"class":59},[49,105249,105250],{"class":63}," {(",[49,105252,2659],{"class":80},[49,105254,84],{"class":63},[49,105256,97],{"class":80},[49,105258,8904],{"class":63},[49,105260,8907],{"class":63},[49,105262,1731],{"class":80},[49,105264,84],{"class":63},[49,105266,2126],{"class":80},[49,105268,105165],{"class":63},[49,105270,105271,105273,105275,105278],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105272,123],{"class":122},[49,105274,126],{"class":63},[49,105276,105277],{"class":112},"good_set",[49,105279,335],{"class":63},[20,105281,573],{},[40,105283,105285],{"className":42,"code":105284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105286,105287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105288,105289,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105290,105291],{"class":63},"{(",[49,105293,2659],{"class":80},[49,105295,84],{"class":63},[49,105297,97],{"class":80},[49,105299,8904],{"class":63},[49,105301,8907],{"class":63},[49,105303,1731],{"class":80},[49,105305,84],{"class":63},[49,105307,2126],{"class":80},[49,105309,105165],{"class":63},[35,105311,105313],{"id":105312},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105315,1762,105316,10265],{},[15,105317,3469],{},[155,105319,105320,105323,105328,105331],{},[158,105321,105322],{},"you need unique values only",[158,105324,105325,105326],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105327,3555],{},[158,105329,105330],{},"order does not matter",[158,105332,105333],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105335,105336],{},"Example of membership checking:",[40,105338,105340],{"className":42,"code":105339,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105341,105342,105367,105371,105387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105343,105344,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357,105360,105362,105365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105345,105346],{"class":55},"allowed_ids ",[49,105348,60],{"class":59},[49,105350,15113],{"class":1428},[49,105352,2656],{"class":63},[49,105354,46091],{"class":80},[49,105356,84],{"class":63},[49,105358,105359],{"class":80}," 102",[49,105361,84],{"class":63},[49,105363,105364],{"class":80}," 103",[49,105366,3561],{"class":63},[49,105368,105369],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105370,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,105372,105373,105375,105377,105380,105382,105385],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,105374,123],{"class":122},[49,105376,126],{"class":63},[49,105378,105379],{"class":80},"102",[49,105381,20657],{"class":973},[49,105383,105384],{"class":112}," allowed_ids",[49,105386,335],{"class":63},[49,105388,105389,105391,105393,105396,105398,105400],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,105390,123],{"class":122},[49,105392,126],{"class":63},[49,105394,105395],{"class":80},"999",[49,105397,20657],{"class":973},[49,105399,105384],{"class":112},[49,105401,335],{"class":63},[20,105403,573],{},[40,105405,105406],{"className":42,"code":43672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105407,105408,105412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105409,105410],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105411,1007],{"class":583},[49,105413,105414],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105415,1194],{"class":583},[20,105417,105418],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[35,105420,105422],{"id":105421},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105424,105425],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[591,105427,1762,105429,97730],{"id":105428},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105430,3469],{},[40,105432,105433],{"className":42,"code":97791,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105434,105435,105445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105436,105437,105439,105441,105443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105438,97798],{"class":55},[49,105440,60],{"class":59},[49,105442,15113],{"class":1428},[49,105444,116],{"class":63},[49,105446,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105448,123],{"class":122},[49,105450,126],{"class":63},[49,105452,1429],{"class":1428},[49,105454,126],{"class":63},[49,105456,97817],{"class":112},[49,105458,1436],{"class":63},[20,105460,573],{},[40,105462,105463],{"className":42,"code":8527,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105464,105465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105466,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105468,2962],{"class":59},[49,105470,2965],{"class":1734},[49,105472,406],{"class":67},[49,105474,5960],{"class":71},[49,105476,397],{"class":67},[49,105478,2974],{"class":59},[591,105480,1762,105482,105484],{"id":105481},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105483,99790],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[40,105486,105488],{"className":42,"code":105487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105489,105490,105510],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105491,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105493,3291],{"class":55},[49,105495,60],{"class":59},[49,105497,64],{"class":63},[49,105499,2659],{"class":80},[49,105501,84],{"class":63},[49,105503,97],{"class":80},[49,105505,84],{"class":63},[49,105507,2120],{"class":80},[49,105509,100],{"class":63},[49,105511,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105513,123],{"class":122},[49,105515,126],{"class":63},[49,105517,1429],{"class":1428},[49,105519,126],{"class":63},[49,105521,3323],{"class":112},[49,105523,1436],{"class":63},[20,105525,573],{},[40,105527,105528],{"className":42,"code":8527,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105529,105530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105531,105532,105534,105536,105538,105540,105542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105533,2962],{"class":59},[49,105535,2965],{"class":1734},[49,105537,406],{"class":67},[49,105539,5960],{"class":71},[49,105541,397],{"class":67},[49,105543,2974],{"class":59},[591,105545,1762,105547,105549],{"id":105546},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105548,175],{}," for an empty dictionary",[40,105551,105553],{"className":42,"code":105552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105554,105555,105564],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105556,105557,105560,105562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105558,105559],{"class":55},"empty_dict ",[49,105561,60],{"class":59},[49,105563,450],{"class":63},[49,105565,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574,105577],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105567,123],{"class":122},[49,105569,126],{"class":63},[49,105571,1429],{"class":1428},[49,105573,126],{"class":63},[49,105575,105576],{"class":112},"empty_dict",[49,105578,1436],{"class":63},[20,105580,573],{},[40,105582,105583],{"className":42,"code":8483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105584,105585],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105586,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105588,2962],{"class":59},[49,105590,2965],{"class":1734},[49,105592,406],{"class":67},[49,105594,8496],{"class":71},[49,105596,397],{"class":67},[49,105598,2974],{"class":59},[20,105600,105601],{},"So the rule is simple:",[155,105603,105604,105609,105614],{},[158,105605,105606,105608],{},[15,105607,3469],{}," → empty set",[158,105610,105611,105613],{},[15,105612,99790],{}," → non-empty set",[158,105615,105616,105618],{},[15,105617,175],{}," → empty dictionary",[35,105620,1376],{"id":1375},[20,105622,105623,105624,109],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105625,3469],{},[591,105627,8092,105628,99388],{"id":99385},[15,105629,175],{},[20,105631,105632],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[40,105634,105635],{"className":42,"code":99394,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105636,105637,105645],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105638,105639,105641,105643],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105640,2115],{"class":55},[49,105642,60],{"class":59},[49,105644,450],{"class":63},[49,105646,105647,105649,105651,105653,105655,105657],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105648,123],{"class":122},[49,105650,126],{"class":63},[49,105652,1429],{"class":1428},[49,105654,126],{"class":63},[49,105656,2142],{"class":112},[49,105658,1436],{"class":63},[591,105660,105662,105663],{"id":105661},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105664,105665],{},"set(5)",[20,105667,105668,105670],{},[15,105669,3469],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[40,105672,105674],{"className":42,"code":105673,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set(5)\n",[15,105675,105676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105677,105678,105680,105682,105684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105679,5960],{"class":1428},[49,105681,126],{"class":63},[49,105683,1807],{"class":80},[49,105685,335],{"class":63},[20,105687,2673,105688,105690,105691,109],{},[15,105689,2676],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[72,105692,105694],{"href":105693},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[591,105696,105698],{"id":105697},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105700,105701],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[40,105703,105705],{"className":42,"code":105704,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105706,105707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105708,105709,105711,105713,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105710,2115],{"class":55},[49,105712,60],{"class":59},[49,105714,99125],{"class":63},[49,105716,2659],{"class":80},[49,105718,84],{"class":63},[49,105720,97],{"class":80},[49,105722,17544],{"class":63},[49,105724,3296],{"class":63},[49,105726,1731],{"class":80},[49,105728,84],{"class":63},[49,105730,2126],{"class":80},[49,105732,13184],{"class":63},[591,105734,1392,105736,105738],{"id":105735},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105737,3469],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105740,105741],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[591,105743,36698,105745,8379,105747,2548,105749],{"id":105744},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105746,3469],{},[15,105748,24266],{},[15,105750,8795],{},[20,105752,105753],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[35,105755,60214],{"id":60213},[20,105757,10775],{},[40,105759,105761],{"className":42,"code":105760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105762,105763,105778,105788,105802],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105764,105765,105767,105769,105771,105773,105776],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105766,123],{"class":122},[49,105768,126],{"class":63},[49,105770,1429],{"class":1428},[49,105772,126],{"class":63},[49,105774,105775],{"class":112},"my_value",[49,105777,1436],{"class":63},[49,105779,105780,105782,105784,105786],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,105781,123],{"class":122},[49,105783,126],{"class":63},[49,105785,105775],{"class":112},[49,105787,335],{"class":63},[49,105789,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,105791,123],{"class":122},[49,105793,126],{"class":63},[49,105795,7767],{"class":1428},[49,105797,126],{"class":63},[49,105799,15146],{"class":112},[49,105801,1436],{"class":63},[49,105803,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,105805,123],{"class":122},[49,105807,126],{"class":63},[49,105809,10824],{"class":122},[49,105811,126],{"class":63},[49,105813,15146],{"class":112},[49,105815,1436],{"class":63},[20,105817,105818],{},"What they help you see:",[155,105820,105821,105827,105832,105838],{},[158,105822,105823,105826],{},[15,105824,105825],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[158,105828,105829,90054],{},[15,105830,105831],{},"print(my_value)",[158,105833,105834,105837],{},[15,105835,105836],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[158,105839,105840,105843],{},[15,105841,105842],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[35,105845,1498],{"id":1497},[591,105847,105849],{"id":105848},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105851,105852],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[591,105854,105856],{"id":105855},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105858,1762,105859,105861,105862,105864],{},[15,105860,3469],{},". Do not use ",[15,105863,175],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[591,105866,105868],{"id":105867},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105870,105871],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[591,105873,105875],{"id":105874},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105877,105878],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105880,1244],{},[40,105882,105884],{"className":42,"code":105883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105885,105886],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105887,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900,105902],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105889,123],{"class":122},[49,105891,126],{"class":63},[49,105893,5960],{"class":1428},[49,105895,126],{"class":63},[49,105897,68],{"class":67},[49,105899,3751],{"class":71},[49,105901,68],{"class":67},[49,105903,1436],{"class":63},[20,105905,29517],{},[40,105907,105909],{"className":42,"code":105908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105910,105911],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105912,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939,105941,105943,105945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105914,8949],{"class":63},[49,105916,397],{"class":67},[49,105918,72],{"class":71},[49,105920,397],{"class":67},[49,105922,84],{"class":63},[49,105924,406],{"class":67},[49,105926,20],{"class":71},[49,105928,397],{"class":67},[49,105930,84],{"class":63},[49,105932,406],{"class":67},[49,105934,59960],{"class":71},[49,105936,397],{"class":67},[49,105938,84],{"class":63},[49,105940,406],{"class":67},[49,105942,59951],{"class":71},[49,105944,397],{"class":67},[49,105946,100],{"class":63},[591,105948,4830,105950,105953],{"id":105949},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105951,105952],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105955,105956,28172,105958,105961],{},[15,105957,3469],{},[30,105959,105960],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105963,105964],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[40,105966,105968],{"className":42,"code":105967,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105969,105970],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105971,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105973,123],{"class":122},[49,105975,126],{"class":63},[49,105977,5960],{"class":1428},[49,105979,2656],{"class":63},[49,105981,2659],{"class":80},[49,105983,84],{"class":63},[49,105985,97],{"class":80},[49,105987,84],{"class":63},[49,105989,2120],{"class":80},[49,105991,84],{"class":63},[49,105993,2126],{"class":80},[49,105995,2670],{"class":63},[35,105997,1550],{"id":1549},[155,105999,106000,106004,106008,106012,106016],{},[158,106001,106002],{},[72,106003,95836],{"href":95835},[158,106005,106006],{},[72,106007,104000],{"href":95839},[158,106009,106010],{},[72,106011,99852],{"href":104851},[158,106013,106014],{},[72,106015,104558],{"href":64352},[158,106017,106018],{},[72,106019,105694],{"href":105693},[1597,106021,106022],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":106024},[106025,106026,106027,106028,106029,106035,106036,106037,106045,106055,106056,106064],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":104176,"depth":103,"text":104177},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":104561,"depth":103,"text":104562},{"id":104748,"depth":103,"text":104749,"children":106030},[106031,106032,106033,106034],{"id":104752,"depth":119,"text":104753},{"id":104854,"depth":119,"text":104855},{"id":104938,"depth":119,"text":104939},{"id":105030,"depth":119,"text":105031},{"id":105098,"depth":103,"text":105099},{"id":105312,"depth":103,"text":105313},{"id":105421,"depth":103,"text":105422,"children":106038},[106039,106041,106043],{"id":105428,"depth":119,"text":106040},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105481,"depth":119,"text":106042},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105546,"depth":119,"text":106044},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":106046},[106047,106048,106050,106051,106053],{"id":99385,"depth":119,"text":99893},{"id":105661,"depth":119,"text":106049},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105697,"depth":119,"text":105698},{"id":105735,"depth":119,"text":106052},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105744,"depth":119,"text":106054},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60213,"depth":103,"text":60214},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":106057},[106058,106059,106060,106061,106062],{"id":105848,"depth":119,"text":105849},{"id":105855,"depth":119,"text":105856},{"id":105867,"depth":119,"text":105868},{"id":105874,"depth":119,"text":105875},{"id":105949,"depth":119,"text":106063},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104058,"description":106065},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106072,"title":106073,"body":106074,"description":107589,"extension":1632,"meta":107590,"navigation":312,"path":107591,"seo":107592,"stem":107593,"__hash__":107594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106075,"toc":107565},[106076,106082,106087,106090,106173,106178,106183,106188,106190,106203,106207,106209,106228,106231,106254,106257,106268,106270,106351,106353,106370,106372,106378,106381,106476,106478,106509,106511,106519,106521,106524,106635,106637,106662,106664,106686,106691,106696,106702,106811,106813,106829,106832,106835,106918,106920,106937,106945,106947,106951,106957,107048,107050,107083,107088,107095,107172,107174,107191,107197,107199,107203,107219,107222,107248,107250,107311,107313,107436,107438,107489,107495,107497,107502,107504,107510,107513,107517,107520,107524,107527,107537,107539,107562],[10,106077,3247,106079,18],{"id":106078},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106080,106081],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106083,150,106084,106086],{},[15,106085,106081],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106088,106089],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[40,106091,106093],{"className":42,"code":106092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106094,106095,106115,106135,106139,106158,106168],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106096,106097,106099,106101,106103,106105,106107,106109,106111,106113],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106098,2224],{"class":55},[49,106100,60],{"class":59},[49,106102,64],{"class":63},[49,106104,2659],{"class":80},[49,106106,84],{"class":63},[49,106108,97],{"class":80},[49,106110,84],{"class":63},[49,106112,2120],{"class":80},[49,106114,100],{"class":63},[49,106116,106117,106119,106121,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,106118,2252],{"class":55},[49,106120,60],{"class":59},[49,106122,64],{"class":63},[49,106124,1725],{"class":80},[49,106126,84],{"class":63},[49,106128,2120],{"class":80},[49,106130,84],{"class":63},[49,106132,2126],{"class":80},[49,106134,100],{"class":63},[49,106136,106137],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,106138,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,106140,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106152,106154,106156],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,106142,534],{"class":55},[49,106144,60],{"class":59},[49,106146,56390],{"class":55},[49,106148,109],{"class":63},[49,106150,106151],{"class":112},"intersection",[49,106153,126],{"class":63},[49,106155,90],{"class":112},[49,106157,335],{"class":63},[49,106159,106160,106162,106164,106166],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,106161,123],{"class":122},[49,106163,126],{"class":63},[49,106165,558],{"class":112},[49,106167,335],{"class":63},[49,106169,106170],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,106171,106172],{"class":134},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106174,1762,106175,106177],{},[15,106176,102299],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[35,106179,12473,106181,12476],{"id":106180},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106182,102299],{},[20,106184,106185,106187],{},[15,106186,102299],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106189,12529],{},[155,106191,106192,106195,106197,106200],{},[158,106193,106194],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[158,106196,100069],{},[158,106198,106199],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[158,106201,106202],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106204,95832,106205,109],{},[72,106206,95836],{"href":95835},[35,106208,189],{"id":188},[40,106210,106212],{"className":42,"code":106211,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106213,106214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106215,106216,106218,106220,106222,106224,106226],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106217,100093],{"class":55},[49,106219,109],{"class":63},[49,106221,106151],{"class":112},[49,106223,126],{"class":63},[49,106225,100102],{"class":112},[49,106227,335],{"class":63},[20,106229,106230],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[40,106232,106234],{"className":42,"code":106233,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106235,106236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106237,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106239,100093],{"class":55},[49,106241,109],{"class":63},[49,106243,106151],{"class":112},[49,106245,126],{"class":63},[49,106247,100102],{"class":112},[49,106249,84],{"class":63},[49,106251,100129],{"class":112},[49,106253,335],{"class":63},[20,106255,106256],{},"Important notes:",[155,106258,106259,106262,106265],{},[158,106260,106261],{},"The result is always a new set",[158,106263,106264],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[158,106266,106267],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106269,1244],{},[40,106271,106273],{"className":42,"code":106272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106274,106275,106299,106319,106323,106341],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106276,106277,106279,106281,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106278,2224],{"class":55},[49,106280,60],{"class":59},[49,106282,64],{"class":63},[49,106284,2659],{"class":80},[49,106286,84],{"class":63},[49,106288,97],{"class":80},[49,106290,84],{"class":63},[49,106292,2120],{"class":80},[49,106294,84],{"class":63},[49,106296,2126],{"class":80},[49,106298,100],{"class":63},[49,106300,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,106302,2252],{"class":55},[49,106304,60],{"class":59},[49,106306,64],{"class":63},[49,106308,1731],{"class":80},[49,106310,84],{"class":63},[49,106312,2126],{"class":80},[49,106314,84],{"class":63},[49,106316,4279],{"class":80},[49,106318,100],{"class":63},[49,106320,106321],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,106322,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,106324,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,106326,534],{"class":55},[49,106328,60],{"class":59},[49,106330,56390],{"class":55},[49,106332,109],{"class":63},[49,106334,106151],{"class":112},[49,106336,126],{"class":63},[49,106338,90],{"class":112},[49,106340,335],{"class":63},[49,106342,106343,106345,106347,106349],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,106344,123],{"class":122},[49,106346,126],{"class":63},[49,106348,558],{"class":112},[49,106350,335],{"class":63},[20,106352,573],{},[40,106354,106356],{"className":42,"code":106355,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106357,106358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106359,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106361,8949],{"class":63},[49,106363,1731],{"class":80},[49,106365,84],{"class":63},[49,106367,2126],{"class":80},[49,106369,100],{"class":63},[35,106371,16900],{"id":16899},[20,106373,106374,21459,106376,109],{},[15,106375,102299],{},[30,106377,5960],{},[20,106379,106380],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[40,106382,106384],{"className":42,"code":106383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106385,106386,106406,106426,106430,106448,106452,106462],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106387,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106389,2224],{"class":55},[49,106391,60],{"class":59},[49,106393,64],{"class":63},[49,106395,2659],{"class":80},[49,106397,84],{"class":63},[49,106399,97],{"class":80},[49,106401,84],{"class":63},[49,106403,2120],{"class":80},[49,106405,100],{"class":63},[49,106407,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,106409,2252],{"class":55},[49,106411,60],{"class":59},[49,106413,64],{"class":63},[49,106415,1725],{"class":80},[49,106417,84],{"class":63},[49,106419,2120],{"class":80},[49,106421,84],{"class":63},[49,106423,2126],{"class":80},[49,106425,100],{"class":63},[49,106427,106428],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,106429,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,106431,106432,106434,106436,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,106433,534],{"class":55},[49,106435,60],{"class":59},[49,106437,56390],{"class":55},[49,106439,109],{"class":63},[49,106441,106151],{"class":112},[49,106443,126],{"class":63},[49,106445,90],{"class":112},[49,106447,335],{"class":63},[49,106449,106450],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,106451,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,106453,106454,106456,106458,106460],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,106455,123],{"class":122},[49,106457,126],{"class":63},[49,106459,558],{"class":112},[49,106461,335],{"class":63},[49,106463,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,106465,123],{"class":122},[49,106467,126],{"class":63},[49,106469,1429],{"class":1428},[49,106471,126],{"class":63},[49,106473,558],{"class":112},[49,106475,1436],{"class":63},[20,106477,573],{},[40,106479,106481],{"className":42,"code":106480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106482,106483,106495],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106484,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106486,8949],{"class":63},[49,106488,1725],{"class":80},[49,106490,84],{"class":63},[49,106492,2120],{"class":80},[49,106494,100],{"class":63},[49,106496,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,106498,2962],{"class":59},[49,106500,2965],{"class":1734},[49,106502,406],{"class":67},[49,106504,5960],{"class":71},[49,106506,397],{"class":67},[49,106508,2974],{"class":59},[20,106510,85317],{},[155,106512,106513,106516],{},[158,106514,106515],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[158,106517,106518],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[35,106520,225],{"id":224},[20,106522,106523],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[40,106525,106527],{"className":42,"code":106526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106528,106529,106562,106595,106599,106620,106624],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106530,106531,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106532,106533],{"class":55},"colors1 ",[49,106535,60],{"class":59},[49,106537,64],{"class":63},[49,106539,68],{"class":67},[49,106541,12570],{"class":71},[49,106543,68],{"class":67},[49,106545,84],{"class":63},[49,106547,87],{"class":67},[49,106549,12587],{"class":71},[49,106551,68],{"class":67},[49,106553,84],{"class":63},[49,106555,87],{"class":67},[49,106557,16937],{"class":71},[49,106559,68],{"class":67},[49,106561,100],{"class":63},[49,106563,106564,106567,106569,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,106565,106566],{"class":55},"colors2 ",[49,106568,60],{"class":59},[49,106570,64],{"class":63},[49,106572,68],{"class":67},[49,106574,16937],{"class":71},[49,106576,68],{"class":67},[49,106578,84],{"class":63},[49,106580,87],{"class":67},[49,106582,22008],{"class":71},[49,106584,68],{"class":67},[49,106586,84],{"class":63},[49,106588,87],{"class":67},[49,106590,12587],{"class":71},[49,106592,68],{"class":67},[49,106594,100],{"class":63},[49,106596,106597],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,106598,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,106600,106601,106604,106606,106609,106611,106613,106615,106618],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,106602,106603],{"class":55},"common_colors ",[49,106605,60],{"class":59},[49,106607,106608],{"class":55}," colors1",[49,106610,109],{"class":63},[49,106612,106151],{"class":112},[49,106614,126],{"class":63},[49,106616,106617],{"class":112},"colors2",[49,106619,335],{"class":63},[49,106621,106622],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,106623,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,106625,106626,106628,106630,106633],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,106627,123],{"class":122},[49,106629,126],{"class":63},[49,106631,106632],{"class":112},"common_colors",[49,106634,335],{"class":63},[20,106636,573],{},[40,106638,106640],{"className":42,"code":106639,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106641,106642],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106643,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106645,8949],{"class":63},[49,106647,397],{"class":67},[49,106649,12587],{"class":71},[49,106651,397],{"class":67},[49,106653,84],{"class":63},[49,106655,406],{"class":67},[49,106657,16937],{"class":71},[49,106659,397],{"class":67},[49,106661,100],{"class":63},[20,106663,453],{},[155,106665,106666,106672,106676,106681],{},[158,106667,106668,106671],{},[15,106669,106670],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[158,106673,106674,106671],{},[15,106675,106617],{},[158,106677,106678,106680],{},[15,106679,102299],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[158,106682,106683,106684],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106685,106632],{},[35,106687,8092,106689,100666],{"id":106688},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106690,102299],{},[20,106692,106693,106694,109],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106695,102299],{},[20,106697,106698,106699,106701],{},"Only the values found in ",[30,106700,3389],{}," inputs will be kept.",[40,106703,106705],{"className":42,"code":106704,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106706,106707,106731,106755,106775,106779,106801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106710,2224],{"class":55},[49,106712,60],{"class":59},[49,106714,64],{"class":63},[49,106716,2659],{"class":80},[49,106718,84],{"class":63},[49,106720,97],{"class":80},[49,106722,84],{"class":63},[49,106724,2120],{"class":80},[49,106726,84],{"class":63},[49,106728,2126],{"class":80},[49,106730,100],{"class":63},[49,106732,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741,106743,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,106734,2252],{"class":55},[49,106736,60],{"class":59},[49,106738,64],{"class":63},[49,106740,1725],{"class":80},[49,106742,84],{"class":63},[49,106744,2120],{"class":80},[49,106746,84],{"class":63},[49,106748,2126],{"class":80},[49,106750,84],{"class":63},[49,106752,4279],{"class":80},[49,106754,100],{"class":63},[49,106756,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,106758,82691],{"class":55},[49,106760,60],{"class":59},[49,106762,64],{"class":63},[49,106764,1731],{"class":80},[49,106766,84],{"class":63},[49,106768,2126],{"class":80},[49,106770,84],{"class":63},[49,106772,37138],{"class":80},[49,106774,100],{"class":63},[49,106776,106777],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,106778,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,106780,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,106782,534],{"class":55},[49,106784,60],{"class":59},[49,106786,56390],{"class":55},[49,106788,109],{"class":63},[49,106790,106151],{"class":112},[49,106792,126],{"class":63},[49,106794,90],{"class":112},[49,106796,84],{"class":63},[49,106798,9348],{"class":112},[49,106800,335],{"class":63},[49,106802,106803,106805,106807,106809],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,106804,123],{"class":122},[49,106806,126],{"class":63},[49,106808,558],{"class":112},[49,106810,335],{"class":63},[20,106812,573],{},[40,106814,106815],{"className":42,"code":106355,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,106816,106817],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106818,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106820,8949],{"class":63},[49,106822,1731],{"class":80},[49,106824,84],{"class":63},[49,106826,2126],{"class":80},[49,106828,100],{"class":63},[20,106830,106831],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106833,106834],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[40,106836,106838],{"className":42,"code":106837,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106839,106840,106864,106868,106908],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106841,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106843,2224],{"class":55},[49,106845,60],{"class":59},[49,106847,64],{"class":63},[49,106849,2659],{"class":80},[49,106851,84],{"class":63},[49,106853,97],{"class":80},[49,106855,84],{"class":63},[49,106857,2120],{"class":80},[49,106859,84],{"class":63},[49,106861,2126],{"class":80},[49,106863,100],{"class":63},[49,106865,106866],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,106867,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,106869,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,106871,534],{"class":55},[49,106873,60],{"class":59},[49,106875,56390],{"class":55},[49,106877,109],{"class":63},[49,106879,106151],{"class":112},[49,106881,2656],{"class":63},[49,106883,1725],{"class":80},[49,106885,84],{"class":63},[49,106887,2126],{"class":80},[49,106889,84],{"class":63},[49,106891,37138],{"class":80},[49,106893,17544],{"class":63},[49,106895,8907],{"class":63},[49,106897,2659],{"class":80},[49,106899,84],{"class":63},[49,106901,97],{"class":80},[49,106903,84],{"class":63},[49,106905,2126],{"class":80},[49,106907,1436],{"class":63},[49,106909,106910,106912,106914,106916],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,106911,123],{"class":122},[49,106913,126],{"class":63},[49,106915,558],{"class":112},[49,106917,335],{"class":63},[20,106919,573],{},[40,106921,106923],{"className":42,"code":106922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106924,106925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106926,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106928,8949],{"class":63},[49,106930,1725],{"class":80},[49,106932,84],{"class":63},[49,106934,2126],{"class":80},[49,106936,100],{"class":63},[35,106938,106940,10249,106942],{"id":106939},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106941,102299],{},[15,106943,106944],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106946,100836],{},[591,106948,106949],{"id":106151},[15,106950,102299],{},[155,106952,106953,106955],{},[158,106954,100845],{},[158,106956,100848],{},[40,106958,106960],{"className":42,"code":106959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106961,106962,106982,107002,107006,107024,107028,107038],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106963,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106965,2224],{"class":55},[49,106967,60],{"class":59},[49,106969,64],{"class":63},[49,106971,2659],{"class":80},[49,106973,84],{"class":63},[49,106975,97],{"class":80},[49,106977,84],{"class":63},[49,106979,2120],{"class":80},[49,106981,100],{"class":63},[49,106983,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,106985,2252],{"class":55},[49,106987,60],{"class":59},[49,106989,64],{"class":63},[49,106991,1725],{"class":80},[49,106993,84],{"class":63},[49,106995,2120],{"class":80},[49,106997,84],{"class":63},[49,106999,2126],{"class":80},[49,107001,100],{"class":63},[49,107003,107004],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,107005,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,107007,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,107009,534],{"class":55},[49,107011,60],{"class":59},[49,107013,56390],{"class":55},[49,107015,109],{"class":63},[49,107017,106151],{"class":112},[49,107019,126],{"class":63},[49,107021,90],{"class":112},[49,107023,335],{"class":63},[49,107025,107026],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,107027,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,107029,107030,107032,107034,107036],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,107031,123],{"class":122},[49,107033,126],{"class":63},[49,107035,72],{"class":112},[49,107037,335],{"class":63},[49,107039,107040,107042,107044,107046],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,107041,123],{"class":122},[49,107043,126],{"class":63},[49,107045,558],{"class":112},[49,107047,335],{"class":63},[20,107049,573],{},[40,107051,107053],{"className":42,"code":107052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107054,107055,107071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107056,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107058,8949],{"class":63},[49,107060,2659],{"class":80},[49,107062,84],{"class":63},[49,107064,97],{"class":80},[49,107066,84],{"class":63},[49,107068,2120],{"class":80},[49,107070,100],{"class":63},[49,107072,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,107074,8949],{"class":63},[49,107076,1725],{"class":80},[49,107078,84],{"class":63},[49,107080,2120],{"class":80},[49,107082,100],{"class":63},[591,107084,107086],{"id":107085},"intersection_update",[15,107087,106944],{},[155,107089,107090,107092],{},[158,107091,100988],{},[158,107093,107094],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[40,107096,107098],{"className":42,"code":107097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107099,107100,107120,107140,107144,107158,107162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107101,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107103,2224],{"class":55},[49,107105,60],{"class":59},[49,107107,64],{"class":63},[49,107109,2659],{"class":80},[49,107111,84],{"class":63},[49,107113,97],{"class":80},[49,107115,84],{"class":63},[49,107117,2120],{"class":80},[49,107119,100],{"class":63},[49,107121,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,107123,2252],{"class":55},[49,107125,60],{"class":59},[49,107127,64],{"class":63},[49,107129,1725],{"class":80},[49,107131,84],{"class":63},[49,107133,2120],{"class":80},[49,107135,84],{"class":63},[49,107137,2126],{"class":80},[49,107139,100],{"class":63},[49,107141,107142],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,107143,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,107145,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,107147,72],{"class":55},[49,107149,109],{"class":63},[49,107151,107085],{"class":112},[49,107153,126],{"class":63},[49,107155,90],{"class":112},[49,107157,335],{"class":63},[49,107159,107160],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,107161,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,107163,107164,107166,107168,107170],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,107165,123],{"class":122},[49,107167,126],{"class":63},[49,107169,72],{"class":112},[49,107171,335],{"class":63},[20,107173,573],{},[40,107175,107177],{"className":42,"code":107176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107178,107179],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107180,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107182,8949],{"class":63},[49,107184,1725],{"class":80},[49,107186,84],{"class":63},[49,107188,2120],{"class":80},[49,107190,100],{"class":63},[20,107192,107193,107194,107196],{},"Choose ",[15,107195,102299],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[35,107198,4192],{"id":4191},[20,107200,14212,107201,77],{},[15,107202,102299],{},[155,107204,107205,107208,107211,107214],{},[158,107206,107207],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[158,107209,107210],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[158,107212,107213],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[158,107215,107216,107217],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107218,102299],{},[20,107220,107221],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[155,107223,107224,107229,107232,107245],{},[158,107225,8092,107226,107228],{},[15,107227,102299],{}," when order matters",[158,107230,107231],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[158,107233,36698,107234,8379,107236,2548,107241],{},[15,107235,102299],{},[72,107237,107239],{"href":107238},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107240,102307],{},[72,107242,107243],{"href":102348},[15,107244,99922],{},[158,107246,107247],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107249,29623],{},[40,107251,107253],{"className":42,"code":107252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107254,107255,107265,107279,107297],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107256,107257,107259,107261,107263],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107258,123],{"class":122},[49,107260,126],{"class":63},[49,107262,15146],{"class":112},[49,107264,335],{"class":63},[49,107266,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,107268,123],{"class":122},[49,107270,126],{"class":63},[49,107272,1429],{"class":1428},[49,107274,126],{"class":63},[49,107276,558],{"class":112},[49,107278,1436],{"class":63},[49,107280,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,107282,123],{"class":122},[49,107284,126],{"class":63},[49,107286,100093],{"class":112},[49,107288,109],{"class":63},[49,107290,106151],{"class":112},[49,107292,126],{"class":63},[49,107294,100102],{"class":112},[49,107296,1436],{"class":63},[49,107298,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,107300,123],{"class":122},[49,107302,126],{"class":63},[49,107304,10824],{"class":122},[49,107306,126],{"class":63},[49,107308,558],{"class":112},[49,107310,1436],{"class":63},[20,107312,1244],{},[40,107314,107316],{"className":42,"code":107315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107317,107318,107342,107362,107366,107384,107388,107398,107408,107422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107319,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107321,3291],{"class":55},[49,107323,60],{"class":59},[49,107325,64],{"class":63},[49,107327,2659],{"class":80},[49,107329,84],{"class":63},[49,107331,97],{"class":80},[49,107333,84],{"class":63},[49,107335,97],{"class":80},[49,107337,84],{"class":63},[49,107339,2120],{"class":80},[49,107341,100],{"class":63},[49,107343,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,107345,43047],{"class":55},[49,107347,60],{"class":59},[49,107349,64],{"class":63},[49,107351,1725],{"class":80},[49,107353,84],{"class":63},[49,107355,2120],{"class":80},[49,107357,84],{"class":63},[49,107359,2126],{"class":80},[49,107361,100],{"class":63},[49,107363,107364],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,107365,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,107367,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,107369,534],{"class":55},[49,107371,60],{"class":59},[49,107373,3936],{"class":55},[49,107375,109],{"class":63},[49,107377,106151],{"class":112},[49,107379,126],{"class":63},[49,107381,30231],{"class":112},[49,107383,335],{"class":63},[49,107385,107386],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,107387,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,107389,107390,107392,107394,107396],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,107391,123],{"class":122},[49,107393,126],{"class":63},[49,107395,3323],{"class":112},[49,107397,335],{"class":63},[49,107399,107400,107402,107404,107406],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,107401,123],{"class":122},[49,107403,126],{"class":63},[49,107405,558],{"class":112},[49,107407,335],{"class":63},[49,107409,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,107411,123],{"class":122},[49,107413,126],{"class":63},[49,107415,1429],{"class":1428},[49,107417,126],{"class":63},[49,107419,558],{"class":112},[49,107421,1436],{"class":63},[49,107423,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,107425,123],{"class":122},[49,107427,126],{"class":63},[49,107429,10824],{"class":122},[49,107431,126],{"class":63},[49,107433,558],{"class":112},[49,107435,1436],{"class":63},[20,107437,573],{},[40,107439,107441],{"className":42,"code":107440,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107442,107443,107459,107471,107485],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107444,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107446,8949],{"class":63},[49,107448,2659],{"class":80},[49,107450,84],{"class":63},[49,107452,97],{"class":80},[49,107454,84],{"class":63},[49,107456,2120],{"class":80},[49,107458,100],{"class":63},[49,107460,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,107462,8949],{"class":63},[49,107464,1725],{"class":80},[49,107466,84],{"class":63},[49,107468,2120],{"class":80},[49,107470,100],{"class":63},[49,107472,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,107474,2962],{"class":59},[49,107476,2965],{"class":1734},[49,107478,406],{"class":67},[49,107480,5960],{"class":71},[49,107482,397],{"class":67},[49,107484,2974],{"class":59},[49,107486,107487],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,107488,16537],{"class":80},[20,107490,107491,107492,107494],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107493,1725],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,107496,1498],{"id":1497},[591,107498,1502,107500,102247],{"id":107499},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107501,102299],{},[20,107503,102250],{},[591,107505,4842,107507,107509],{"id":107506},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107508,102299],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107511,107512],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[591,107514,107516],{"id":107515},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107518,107519],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[591,107521,107523],{"id":107522},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107525,107526],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[40,107528,107529],{"className":42,"code":96966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,107530,107531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107532,107533,107535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107534,5960],{"class":1428},[49,107536,116],{"class":63},[35,107538,1550],{"id":1549},[155,107540,107541,107545,107552,107558],{},[158,107542,107543],{},[72,107544,95836],{"href":95835},[158,107546,107547],{},[72,107548,3247,107549,1571],{"href":107238},[15,107550,107551],{},"set.union()",[158,107553,107554],{},[72,107555,3247,107556,1571],{"href":102348},[15,107557,99927],{},[158,107559,107560],{},[72,107561,99852],{"href":104851},[1597,107563,107564],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":107566},[107567,107569,107570,107571,107572,107574,107579,107580,107588],{"id":106180,"depth":103,"text":107568},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":106688,"depth":103,"text":107573},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106939,"depth":103,"text":107575,"children":107576},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107577,107578],{"id":106151,"depth":119,"text":102299},{"id":107085,"depth":119,"text":106944},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":107581},[107582,107584,107586,107587],{"id":107499,"depth":119,"text":107583},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107506,"depth":119,"text":107585},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107515,"depth":119,"text":107516},{"id":107522,"depth":119,"text":107523},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106073,"description":107589},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107596,"title":107597,"body":107598,"description":108834,"extension":1632,"meta":108835,"navigation":312,"path":108836,"seo":108837,"stem":108838,"__hash__":108839},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107599,"toc":108801},[107600,107605,107611,107620,107622,107697,107702,107717,107727,107732,107736,107749,107753,107755,107770,107772,107788,107790,107865,107869,107872,107874,107891,107896,107951,107956,107968,107972,107975,108076,108078,108119,108122,108126,108133,108135,108160,108163,108181,108188,108194,108197,108279,108286,108289,108369,108378,108381,108386,108390,108404,108453,108458,108462,108473,108522,108533,108538,108542,108554,108603,108614,108616,108620,108643,108645,108702,108704,108718,108720,108726,108732,108738,108747,108751,108758,108762,108770,108772,108798],[10,107601,95708,107603,18],{"id":107602},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107604,1570],{},[20,107606,107607,107610],{},[15,107608,107609],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107612,107613,107614,107616,107617,107619],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[30,107615,600],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107618,1570],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[35,107621,38],{"id":37},[40,107623,107625],{"className":42,"code":107624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107626,107627,107659,107673,107677,107687],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107628,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107630,7451],{"class":55},[49,107632,60],{"class":59},[49,107634,64],{"class":63},[49,107636,68],{"class":67},[49,107638,3751],{"class":71},[49,107640,68],{"class":67},[49,107642,84],{"class":63},[49,107644,87],{"class":67},[49,107646,3760],{"class":71},[49,107648,68],{"class":67},[49,107650,84],{"class":63},[49,107652,87],{"class":67},[49,107654,3769],{"class":71},[49,107656,68],{"class":67},[49,107658,100],{"class":63},[49,107660,107661,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,107662,69439],{"class":55},[49,107664,60],{"class":59},[49,107666,5638],{"class":55},[49,107668,109],{"class":63},[49,107670,25727],{"class":112},[49,107672,116],{"class":63},[49,107674,107675],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,107676,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,107678,107679,107681,107683,107685],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,107680,123],{"class":122},[49,107682,126],{"class":63},[49,107684,69462],{"class":112},[49,107686,335],{"class":63},[49,107688,107689,107691,107693,107695],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,107690,123],{"class":122},[49,107692,126],{"class":63},[49,107694,7482],{"class":112},[49,107696,335],{"class":63},[20,107698,107699],{},[30,107700,107701],{},"What this does:",[155,107703,107704,107709,107714],{},[158,107705,107706,107707],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107708,7482],{},[158,107710,107711,107712],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107713,69462],{},[158,107715,107716],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107718,107719,88468,107721,107723,107724,107726],{},[30,107720,83326],{},[15,107722,107609],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[30,107725,600],{}," chosen by index.",[35,107728,144,107730,147],{"id":107729},"what-setpop-does",[15,107731,107609],{},[20,107733,107734,77],{},[15,107735,107609],{},[155,107737,107738,107740,107743,107746],{},[158,107739,102550],{},[158,107741,107742],{},"Returns the removed item",[158,107744,107745],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[158,107747,107748],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107750,95832,107751,109],{},[72,107752,95836],{"href":97007},[35,107754,189],{"id":188},[40,107756,107758],{"className":42,"code":107757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107759,107760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107761,107762,107764,107766,107768],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107763,15146],{"class":55},[49,107765,109],{"class":63},[49,107767,25727],{"class":112},[49,107769,116],{"class":63},[20,107771,12529],{},[155,107773,107774,107780,107785],{},[158,107775,107776,107777],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107778,107779],{},"my_set.pop()",[158,107781,107782,107783],{},"It takes ",[30,107784,28175],{},[158,107786,107787],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107789,1244],{},[40,107791,107793],{"className":42,"code":107792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107794,107795,107827,107841,107845,107855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107796,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811,107813,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107798,12553],{"class":55},[49,107800,60],{"class":59},[49,107802,64],{"class":63},[49,107804,68],{"class":67},[49,107806,12570],{"class":71},[49,107808,68],{"class":67},[49,107810,84],{"class":63},[49,107812,87],{"class":67},[49,107814,12587],{"class":71},[49,107816,68],{"class":67},[49,107818,84],{"class":63},[49,107820,87],{"class":67},[49,107822,16937],{"class":71},[49,107824,68],{"class":67},[49,107826,100],{"class":63},[49,107828,107829,107831,107833,107835,107837,107839],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,107830,28025],{"class":55},[49,107832,60],{"class":59},[49,107834,12601],{"class":55},[49,107836,109],{"class":63},[49,107838,25727],{"class":112},[49,107840,116],{"class":63},[49,107842,107843],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,107844,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,107846,107847,107849,107851,107853],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,107848,123],{"class":122},[49,107850,126],{"class":63},[49,107852,22795],{"class":112},[49,107854,335],{"class":63},[49,107856,107857,107859,107861,107863],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,107858,123],{"class":122},[49,107860,126],{"class":63},[49,107862,16984],{"class":112},[49,107864,335],{"class":63},[35,107866,107868],{"id":107867},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107870,107871],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107873,1777],{},[155,107875,107876,107882,107885],{},[158,107877,107878,107879,107881],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107880,1570],{}," removes",[158,107883,107884],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[158,107886,107887,107888,107890],{},"You should not use ",[15,107889,1570],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107892,10125,107893,107895],{},[30,107894,600],{}," valid:",[40,107897,107899],{"className":42,"code":107898,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107900,107901,107933],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107902,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107904,35732],{"class":55},[49,107906,60],{"class":59},[49,107908,64],{"class":63},[49,107910,68],{"class":67},[49,107912,3751],{"class":71},[49,107914,68],{"class":67},[49,107916,84],{"class":63},[49,107918,87],{"class":67},[49,107920,3760],{"class":71},[49,107922,68],{"class":67},[49,107924,84],{"class":63},[49,107926,87],{"class":67},[49,107928,3769],{"class":71},[49,107930,68],{"class":67},[49,107932,100],{"class":63},[49,107934,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,107936,35784],{"class":55},[49,107938,109],{"class":63},[49,107940,25727],{"class":112},[49,107942,126],{"class":63},[49,107944,68],{"class":67},[49,107946,3751],{"class":71},[49,107948,68],{"class":67},[49,107950,335],{"class":63},[20,107952,39149,107953,107955],{},[15,107954,107609],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107957,107958,107959,2548,107963,109],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[72,107960,107961],{"href":97717},[15,107962,102376],{},[72,107964,107966],{"href":107965},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107967,102367],{},[35,107969,107971],{"id":107970},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107973,107974],{},"Here is a simple example:",[40,107976,107978],{"className":42,"code":107977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107979,107980,108014,108018,108034,108038,108057],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107981,107982,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108010,108012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107983,107984],{"class":55},"animals ",[49,107986,60],{"class":59},[49,107988,64],{"class":63},[49,107990,68],{"class":67},[49,107992,36541],{"class":71},[49,107994,68],{"class":67},[49,107996,84],{"class":63},[49,107998,87],{"class":67},[49,108000,57630],{"class":71},[49,108002,68],{"class":67},[49,108004,84],{"class":63},[49,108006,87],{"class":67},[49,108008,108009],{"class":71},"rabbit",[49,108011,68],{"class":67},[49,108013,100],{"class":63},[49,108015,108016],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108017,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,108019,108020,108023,108025,108028,108030,108032],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,108021,108022],{"class":55},"removed_animal ",[49,108024,60],{"class":59},[49,108026,108027],{"class":55}," animals",[49,108029,109],{"class":63},[49,108031,25727],{"class":112},[49,108033,116],{"class":63},[49,108035,108036],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,108037,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,108039,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108055],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,108041,123],{"class":122},[49,108043,126],{"class":63},[49,108045,68],{"class":67},[49,108047,28443],{"class":71},[49,108049,68],{"class":67},[49,108051,84],{"class":63},[49,108053,108054],{"class":112}," removed_animal",[49,108056,335],{"class":63},[49,108058,108059,108061,108063,108065,108068,108070,108072,108074],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,108060,123],{"class":122},[49,108062,126],{"class":63},[49,108064,68],{"class":67},[49,108066,108067],{"class":71},"Updated set:",[49,108069,68],{"class":67},[49,108071,84],{"class":63},[49,108073,108027],{"class":112},[49,108075,335],{"class":63},[20,108077,29517],{},[40,108079,108081],{"className":42,"code":108080,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108082,108083,108092],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108084,108085,108087,108089],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108086,28485],{"class":55},[49,108088,77],{"class":63},[49,108090,108091],{"class":55}," dog\n",[49,108093,108094,108097,108099,108101,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115,108117],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108095,108096],{"class":55},"Updated ",[49,108098,5960],{"class":1428},[49,108100,77],{"class":63},[49,108102,64],{"class":63},[49,108104,397],{"class":67},[49,108106,36541],{"class":71},[49,108108,397],{"class":67},[49,108110,84],{"class":63},[49,108112,406],{"class":67},[49,108114,108009],{"class":71},[49,108116,397],{"class":67},[49,108118,100],{"class":63},[20,108120,108121],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[35,108123,108125],{"id":108124},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108127,29137,108128,108130,108131,109],{},[15,108129,1570],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108132,19170],{},[20,108134,1244],{},[40,108136,108138],{"className":42,"code":108137,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108139,108140,108150],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108141,108142,108144,108146,108148],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108143,7451],{"class":55},[49,108145,60],{"class":59},[49,108147,15113],{"class":1428},[49,108149,116],{"class":63},[49,108151,108152,108154,108156,108158],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108153,7482],{"class":55},[49,108155,109],{"class":63},[49,108157,25727],{"class":112},[49,108159,116],{"class":63},[20,108161,108162],{},"This raises:",[40,108164,108166],{"className":42,"code":108165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108167,108168],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108169,108170,108172,108174,108176,108179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108171,19170],{"class":1428},[49,108173,77],{"class":63},[49,108175,406],{"class":67},[49,108177,108178],{"class":71},"pop from an empty set",[49,108180,29187],{"class":67},[20,108182,108183,108184,108187],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[72,108185,108186],{"href":10736},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[591,108189,108191,108192],{"id":108190},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108193,1570],{},[20,108195,108196],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[40,108198,108200],{"className":42,"code":108199,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108201,108202,108212,108216,108224,108239,108258,108264],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108203,108204,108206,108208,108210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108205,7451],{"class":55},[49,108207,60],{"class":59},[49,108209,15113],{"class":1428},[49,108211,116],{"class":63},[49,108213,108214],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108215,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,108217,108218,108220,108222],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,108219,6668],{"class":973},[49,108221,5638],{"class":55},[49,108223,6067],{"class":63},[49,108225,108226,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,108227,108228],{"class":55},"    removed ",[49,108230,60],{"class":59},[49,108232,5638],{"class":55},[49,108234,109],{"class":63},[49,108236,25727],{"class":112},[49,108238,116],{"class":63},[49,108240,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253,108256],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,108242,7742],{"class":122},[49,108244,126],{"class":63},[49,108246,68],{"class":67},[49,108248,28443],{"class":71},[49,108250,68],{"class":67},[49,108252,84],{"class":63},[49,108254,108255],{"class":112}," removed",[49,108257,335],{"class":63},[49,108259,108260,108262],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,108261,26920],{"class":973},[49,108263,6067],{"class":63},[49,108265,108266,108268,108270,108272,108275,108277],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,108267,7742],{"class":122},[49,108269,126],{"class":63},[49,108271,68],{"class":67},[49,108273,108274],{"class":71},"The set is empty.",[49,108276,68],{"class":67},[49,108278,335],{"class":63},[591,108280,1762,108282,1017,108284],{"id":108281},"use-try-and-except",[15,108283,29291],{},[15,108285,29322],{},[20,108287,108288],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[40,108290,108292],{"className":42,"code":108291,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108293,108294,108304,108308,108314,108328,108346,108354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108295,108296,108298,108300,108302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108297,7451],{"class":55},[49,108299,60],{"class":59},[49,108301,15113],{"class":1428},[49,108303,116],{"class":63},[49,108305,108306],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108307,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,108309,108310,108312],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,108311,29291],{"class":973},[49,108313,6067],{"class":63},[49,108315,108316,108318,108320,108322,108324,108326],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,108317,108228],{"class":55},[49,108319,60],{"class":59},[49,108321,5638],{"class":55},[49,108323,109],{"class":63},[49,108325,25727],{"class":112},[49,108327,116],{"class":63},[49,108329,108330,108332,108334,108336,108338,108340,108342,108344],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,108331,7742],{"class":122},[49,108333,126],{"class":63},[49,108335,68],{"class":67},[49,108337,28443],{"class":71},[49,108339,68],{"class":67},[49,108341,84],{"class":63},[49,108343,108255],{"class":112},[49,108345,335],{"class":63},[49,108347,108348,108350,108352],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,108349,29322],{"class":973},[49,108351,29325],{"class":1428},[49,108353,6067],{"class":63},[49,108355,108356,108358,108360,108362,108365,108367],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,108357,7742],{"class":122},[49,108359,126],{"class":63},[49,108361,68],{"class":67},[49,108363,108364],{"class":71},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[49,108366,68],{"class":67},[49,108368,335],{"class":63},[35,108370,1223,108372,10249,108374,10249,108376],{"id":108371},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108373,1570],{},[15,108375,55031],{},[15,108377,102362],{},[20,108379,108380],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[591,108382,1762,108384],{"id":108383},"use-pop",[15,108385,1570],{},[20,108387,1762,108388,10265],{},[15,108389,1570],{},[155,108391,108392,108398,108401],{},[158,108393,108394,108395],{},"You want to remove ",[30,108396,108397],{},"any one item",[158,108399,108400],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[158,108402,108403],{},"You want the removed item returned",[40,108405,108407],{"className":42,"code":108406,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108408,108409,108429,108443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108410,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108412,3291],{"class":55},[49,108414,60],{"class":59},[49,108416,64],{"class":63},[49,108418,2659],{"class":80},[49,108420,84],{"class":63},[49,108422,97],{"class":80},[49,108424,84],{"class":63},[49,108426,2120],{"class":80},[49,108428,100],{"class":63},[49,108430,108431,108433,108435,108437,108439,108441],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108432,2115],{"class":55},[49,108434,60],{"class":59},[49,108436,3936],{"class":55},[49,108438,109],{"class":63},[49,108440,25727],{"class":112},[49,108442,116],{"class":63},[49,108444,108445,108447,108449,108451],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,108446,123],{"class":122},[49,108448,126],{"class":63},[49,108450,2142],{"class":112},[49,108452,335],{"class":63},[591,108454,1762,108456],{"id":108455},"use-remove",[15,108457,55031],{},[20,108459,1762,108460,10265],{},[15,108461,55031],{},[155,108463,108464,108470],{},[158,108465,108466,108467],{},"You want to delete a ",[30,108468,108469],{},"specific item",[158,108471,108472],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[40,108474,108476],{"className":42,"code":108475,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108477,108478,108498,108512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108479,108480,108482,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108494,108496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108481,3291],{"class":55},[49,108483,60],{"class":59},[49,108485,64],{"class":63},[49,108487,2659],{"class":80},[49,108489,84],{"class":63},[49,108491,97],{"class":80},[49,108493,84],{"class":63},[49,108495,2120],{"class":80},[49,108497,100],{"class":63},[49,108499,108500,108502,108504,108506,108508,108510],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108501,3323],{"class":55},[49,108503,109],{"class":63},[49,108505,34285],{"class":112},[49,108507,126],{"class":63},[49,108509,1725],{"class":80},[49,108511,335],{"class":63},[49,108513,108514,108516,108518,108520],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,108515,123],{"class":122},[49,108517,126],{"class":63},[49,108519,3323],{"class":112},[49,108521,335],{"class":63},[20,108523,108524,108525,108527,108528,108532],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108526,55031],{}," raises an error. See the ",[72,108529,108530,1571],{"href":97717},[15,108531,102376],{}," for details.",[591,108534,1762,108536],{"id":108535},"use-discard",[15,108537,102362],{},[20,108539,1762,108540,10265],{},[15,108541,102362],{},[155,108543,108544,108548],{},[158,108545,108466,108546],{},[30,108547,108469],{},[158,108549,108550,108551,108553],{},"You do ",[30,108552,600],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[40,108555,108557],{"className":42,"code":108556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108558,108559,108579,108593],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108560,108561,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108562,3291],{"class":55},[49,108564,60],{"class":59},[49,108566,64],{"class":63},[49,108568,2659],{"class":80},[49,108570,84],{"class":63},[49,108572,97],{"class":80},[49,108574,84],{"class":63},[49,108576,2120],{"class":80},[49,108578,100],{"class":63},[49,108580,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108582,3323],{"class":55},[49,108584,109],{"class":63},[49,108586,102429],{"class":112},[49,108588,126],{"class":63},[49,108590,1807],{"class":80},[49,108592,335],{"class":63},[49,108594,108595,108597,108599,108601],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,108596,123],{"class":122},[49,108598,126],{"class":63},[49,108600,3323],{"class":112},[49,108602,335],{"class":63},[20,108604,108605,108606,108608,108609,108613],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108607,1807],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[72,108610,108611,1571],{"href":107965},[15,108612,102367],{}," for more examples.",[35,108615,1376],{"id":1375},[20,108617,70985,108618,77],{},[15,108619,107609],{},[155,108621,108622,108628,108633,108638],{},[158,108623,108624,108625],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108626,108627],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[158,108629,1392,108630,108632],{},[15,108631,1570],{}," to remove the first or last item",[158,108634,29137,108635,108637],{},[15,108636,1570],{}," on an empty set",[158,108639,8092,108640,108642],{},[15,108641,1570],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108644,61799],{},[40,108646,108648],{"className":42,"code":108647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108649,108650,108660,108674,108688],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108651,108652,108654,108656,108658],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108653,123],{"class":122},[49,108655,126],{"class":63},[49,108657,15146],{"class":112},[49,108659,335],{"class":63},[49,108661,108662,108664,108666,108668,108670,108672],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108663,123],{"class":122},[49,108665,126],{"class":63},[49,108667,10824],{"class":122},[49,108669,126],{"class":63},[49,108671,15146],{"class":112},[49,108673,1436],{"class":63},[49,108675,108676,108678,108680,108682,108684,108686],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,108677,123],{"class":122},[49,108679,126],{"class":63},[49,108681,1429],{"class":1428},[49,108683,126],{"class":63},[49,108685,15146],{"class":112},[49,108687,1436],{"class":63},[49,108689,108690,108692,108694,108696,108698,108700],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,108691,28025],{"class":55},[49,108693,60],{"class":59},[49,108695,96432],{"class":55},[49,108697,109],{"class":63},[49,108699,25727],{"class":112},[49,108701,116],{"class":63},[20,108703,25494],{},[155,108705,108706,108709,108712,108715],{},[158,108707,108708],{},"What values are in the set",[158,108710,108711],{},"Whether the set is empty",[158,108713,108714],{},"That the object is really a set",[158,108716,108717],{},"What value was actually removed",[35,108719,1498],{"id":1497},[591,108721,1502,108723,108725],{"id":108722},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108724,107609],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108727,108728,108729,108731],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108730,1570],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[591,108733,108735,108736,1529],{"id":108734},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108737,107609],{},[20,108739,108740,108741,108743,108744,108746],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108742,1570],{},", set ",[15,108745,1570],{}," does not accept an index.",[591,108748,108750],{"id":108749},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108752,71154,108753,44128,108755,108757],{},[15,108754,19170],{},[15,108756,1570],{}," is called on an empty set.",[591,108759,108761],{"id":108760},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108763,1762,108764,2548,108766,10754,108768,109],{},[15,108765,55031],{},[15,108767,102362],{},[15,108769,1570],{},[35,108771,1550],{"id":1549},[155,108773,108774,108778,108784,108790,108794],{},[158,108775,108776],{},[72,108777,95836],{"href":97007},[158,108779,108780],{},[72,108781,96322,108782,1571],{"href":97717},[15,108783,55031],{},[158,108785,108786],{},[72,108787,96322,108788,1571],{"href":107965},[15,108789,102362],{},[158,108791,108792],{},[72,108793,10924],{"href":10736},[158,108795,108796],{},[72,108797,55017],{"href":54569},[1597,108799,108800],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":108802},[108803,108804,108806,108807,108808,108809,108815,108824,108825,108833],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":107729,"depth":103,"text":108805},"What set.pop() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":107867,"depth":103,"text":107868},{"id":107970,"depth":103,"text":107971},{"id":108124,"depth":103,"text":108125,"children":108810},[108811,108813],{"id":108190,"depth":119,"text":108812},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108281,"depth":119,"text":108814},"Use try and except",{"id":108371,"depth":103,"text":108816,"children":108817},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108818,108820,108822],{"id":108383,"depth":119,"text":108819},"Use pop()",{"id":108455,"depth":119,"text":108821},"Use remove()",{"id":108535,"depth":119,"text":108823},"Use discard()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":108826},[108827,108829,108831,108832],{"id":108722,"depth":119,"text":108828},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108734,"depth":119,"text":108830},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108749,"depth":119,"text":108750},{"id":108760,"depth":119,"text":108761},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107597,"description":108834},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108841,"title":108842,"body":108843,"description":109997,"extension":1632,"meta":109998,"navigation":312,"path":109999,"seo":110000,"stem":110001,"__hash__":110002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108844,"toc":109965},[108845,108850,108855,108864,108866,108931,108935,108959,108966,108971,108975,108990,108993,108995,109014,109028,109031,109079,109083,109099,109101,109174,109178,109203,109209,109217,109221,109228,109283,109288,109305,109311,109317,109322,109330,109337,109341,109349,109404,109406,109423,109427,109434,109499,109503,109536,109538,109550,109557,109559,109564,109571,109573,109642,109646,109654,109656,109720,109724,109729,109776,109781,109849,109857,109864,109867,109873,109878,109882,109884,109887,109889,109894,109899,109905,109910,109917,109925,109931,109934,109936,109962],[10,108846,95708,108848,18],{"id":108847},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108849,55031],{},[20,108851,108852,108854],{},[15,108853,102376],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108856,108857,108858,108861,108862,109],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[30,108859,108860],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108863,19170],{},[35,108865,38],{"id":37},[40,108867,108869],{"className":42,"code":108868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108870,108871,108903,108921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108872,108873,108875,108877,108879,108881,108883,108885,108887,108889,108891,108893,108895,108897,108899,108901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108874,12553],{"class":55},[49,108876,60],{"class":59},[49,108878,64],{"class":63},[49,108880,68],{"class":67},[49,108882,12570],{"class":71},[49,108884,68],{"class":67},[49,108886,84],{"class":63},[49,108888,87],{"class":67},[49,108890,12587],{"class":71},[49,108892,68],{"class":67},[49,108894,84],{"class":63},[49,108896,87],{"class":67},[49,108898,16937],{"class":71},[49,108900,68],{"class":67},[49,108902,100],{"class":63},[49,108904,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913,108915,108917,108919],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,108906,16984],{"class":55},[49,108908,109],{"class":63},[49,108910,34285],{"class":112},[49,108912,126],{"class":63},[49,108914,68],{"class":67},[49,108916,12587],{"class":71},[49,108918,68],{"class":67},[49,108920,335],{"class":63},[49,108922,108923,108925,108927,108929],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,108924,123],{"class":122},[49,108926,126],{"class":63},[49,108928,16984],{"class":112},[49,108930,335],{"class":63},[20,108932,108933],{},[30,108934,29517],{},[40,108936,108937],{"className":42,"code":103056,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,108938,108939],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108940,108941,108943,108945,108947,108949,108951,108953,108955,108957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108942,8949],{"class":63},[49,108944,397],{"class":67},[49,108946,12570],{"class":71},[49,108948,397],{"class":67},[49,108950,84],{"class":63},[49,108952,406],{"class":67},[49,108954,16937],{"class":71},[49,108956,397],{"class":67},[49,108958,100],{"class":63},[20,108960,1762,108961,108963,108964,109],{},[15,108962,55031],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108965,19170],{},[35,108967,144,108969,147],{"id":108968},"what-setremove-does",[15,108970,102376],{},[20,108972,108973,77],{},[15,108974,102376],{},[155,108976,108977,108980,108982,108984],{},[158,108978,108979],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[158,108981,95823],{},[158,108983,95826],{},[158,108985,108986,108987,108989],{},"Raises ",[15,108988,19170],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108991,108992],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[35,108994,189],{"id":188},[40,108996,108998],{"className":42,"code":108997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108999,109000],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109001,109002,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109003,15146],{"class":55},[49,109005,109],{"class":63},[49,109007,34285],{"class":112},[49,109009,126],{"class":63},[49,109011,2142],{"class":112},[49,109013,335],{"class":63},[155,109015,109016,109020,109025],{},[158,109017,109018,102598],{},[15,109019,15146],{},[158,109021,109022,109024],{},[15,109023,2142],{}," is the item to remove",[158,109026,109027],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109029,109030],{},"Here is a small example:",[40,109032,109033],{"className":42,"code":108475,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109034,109035,109055,109069],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109036,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045,109047,109049,109051,109053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109038,3291],{"class":55},[49,109040,60],{"class":59},[49,109042,64],{"class":63},[49,109044,2659],{"class":80},[49,109046,84],{"class":63},[49,109048,97],{"class":80},[49,109050,84],{"class":63},[49,109052,2120],{"class":80},[49,109054,100],{"class":63},[49,109056,109057,109059,109061,109063,109065,109067],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109058,3323],{"class":55},[49,109060,109],{"class":63},[49,109062,34285],{"class":112},[49,109064,126],{"class":63},[49,109066,1725],{"class":80},[49,109068,335],{"class":63},[49,109070,109071,109073,109075,109077],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,109072,123],{"class":122},[49,109074,126],{"class":63},[49,109076,3323],{"class":112},[49,109078,335],{"class":63},[20,109080,109081],{},[30,109082,29517],{},[40,109084,109085],{"className":42,"code":100806,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109086,109087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109088,109089,109091,109093,109095,109097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109090,8949],{"class":63},[49,109092,2659],{"class":80},[49,109094,84],{"class":63},[49,109096,2120],{"class":80},[49,109098,100],{"class":63},[35,109100,225],{"id":224},[40,109102,109104],{"className":42,"code":109103,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109105,109106,109138,109142,109160,109164],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109107,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124,109126,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109109,35732],{"class":55},[49,109111,60],{"class":59},[49,109113,64],{"class":63},[49,109115,68],{"class":67},[49,109117,3751],{"class":71},[49,109119,68],{"class":67},[49,109121,84],{"class":63},[49,109123,87],{"class":67},[49,109125,3760],{"class":71},[49,109127,68],{"class":67},[49,109129,84],{"class":63},[49,109131,87],{"class":67},[49,109133,32710],{"class":71},[49,109135,68],{"class":67},[49,109137,100],{"class":63},[49,109139,109140],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109141,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,109143,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,109145,35784],{"class":55},[49,109147,109],{"class":63},[49,109149,34285],{"class":112},[49,109151,126],{"class":63},[49,109153,68],{"class":67},[49,109155,3760],{"class":71},[49,109157,68],{"class":67},[49,109159,335],{"class":63},[49,109161,109162],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,109163,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,109165,109166,109168,109170,109172],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,109167,123],{"class":122},[49,109169,126],{"class":63},[49,109171,35784],{"class":112},[49,109173,335],{"class":63},[20,109175,109176],{},[30,109177,29517],{},[40,109179,109181],{"className":42,"code":109180,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109182,109183],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109184,109185,109187,109189,109191,109193,109195,109197,109199,109201],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109186,8949],{"class":63},[49,109188,397],{"class":67},[49,109190,3751],{"class":71},[49,109192,397],{"class":67},[49,109194,84],{"class":63},[49,109196,406],{"class":67},[49,109198,32710],{"class":71},[49,109200,397],{"class":67},[49,109202,100],{"class":63},[20,109204,109205,109206,109208],{},"This removes ",[15,109207,64779],{}," from the set.",[20,109210,109211,109212,109214,109215,109],{},"A set does ",[30,109213,600],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[72,109216,95840],{"href":97391},[35,109218,109220],{"id":109219},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109222,109223,109224,51996,109226,109],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109225,55031],{},[15,109227,19170],{},[40,109229,109231],{"className":42,"code":109230,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109232,109233,109265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109234,109235,109237,109239,109241,109243,109245,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257,109259,109261,109263],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109236,12553],{"class":55},[49,109238,60],{"class":59},[49,109240,64],{"class":63},[49,109242,68],{"class":67},[49,109244,12570],{"class":71},[49,109246,68],{"class":67},[49,109248,84],{"class":63},[49,109250,87],{"class":67},[49,109252,12587],{"class":71},[49,109254,68],{"class":67},[49,109256,84],{"class":63},[49,109258,87],{"class":67},[49,109260,16937],{"class":71},[49,109262,68],{"class":67},[49,109264,100],{"class":63},[49,109266,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109268,16984],{"class":55},[49,109270,109],{"class":63},[49,109272,34285],{"class":112},[49,109274,126],{"class":63},[49,109276,68],{"class":67},[49,109278,22008],{"class":71},[49,109280,68],{"class":67},[49,109282,335],{"class":63},[20,109284,109285],{},[30,109286,109287],{},"Result:",[40,109289,109291],{"className":42,"code":109290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109292,109293],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109294,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109296,19170],{"class":1428},[49,109298,77],{"class":63},[49,109300,406],{"class":67},[49,109302,22008],{"class":71},[49,109304,29187],{"class":67},[20,109306,21673,109307,109310],{},[15,109308,109309],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109312,109313,109314,109316],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109315,55031],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109318,109319,109320,109],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[72,109321,10924],{"href":10736},[35,109323,3871,109325,109327,109328],{"id":109324},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109326,55031],{}," is different from ",[15,109329,102362],{},[20,109331,109332,1017,109334,109336],{},[15,109333,55031],{},[15,109335,102362],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[591,109338,109339],{"id":34285},[15,109340,55031],{},[155,109342,109343,109346],{},[158,109344,109345],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[158,109347,109348],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[40,109350,109352],{"className":42,"code":109351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109353,109354,109386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109355,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109357,35583],{"class":55},[49,109359,60],{"class":59},[49,109361,64],{"class":63},[49,109363,68],{"class":67},[49,109365,72],{"class":71},[49,109367,68],{"class":67},[49,109369,84],{"class":63},[49,109371,87],{"class":67},[49,109373,90],{"class":71},[49,109375,68],{"class":67},[49,109377,84],{"class":63},[49,109379,87],{"class":67},[49,109381,9406],{"class":71},[49,109383,68],{"class":67},[49,109385,100],{"class":63},[49,109387,109388,109390,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109389,35636],{"class":55},[49,109391,109],{"class":63},[49,109393,34285],{"class":112},[49,109395,126],{"class":63},[49,109397,68],{"class":67},[49,109399,18250],{"class":71},[49,109401,68],{"class":67},[49,109403,335],{"class":63},[20,109405,108162],{},[40,109407,109409],{"className":42,"code":109408,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109410,109411],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109412,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109414,19170],{"class":1428},[49,109416,77],{"class":63},[49,109418,406],{"class":67},[49,109420,18250],{"class":71},[49,109422,29187],{"class":67},[591,109424,109425],{"id":102429},[15,109426,102362],{},[155,109428,109429,109431],{},[158,109430,109345],{},[158,109432,109433],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[40,109435,109437],{"className":42,"code":109436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109438,109439,109471,109489],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109440,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109442,35583],{"class":55},[49,109444,60],{"class":59},[49,109446,64],{"class":63},[49,109448,68],{"class":67},[49,109450,72],{"class":71},[49,109452,68],{"class":67},[49,109454,84],{"class":63},[49,109456,87],{"class":67},[49,109458,90],{"class":71},[49,109460,68],{"class":67},[49,109462,84],{"class":63},[49,109464,87],{"class":67},[49,109466,9406],{"class":71},[49,109468,68],{"class":67},[49,109470,100],{"class":63},[49,109472,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109474,35636],{"class":55},[49,109476,109],{"class":63},[49,109478,102429],{"class":112},[49,109480,126],{"class":63},[49,109482,68],{"class":67},[49,109484,18250],{"class":71},[49,109486,68],{"class":67},[49,109488,335],{"class":63},[49,109490,109491,109493,109495,109497],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,109492,123],{"class":122},[49,109494,126],{"class":63},[49,109496,35636],{"class":112},[49,109498,335],{"class":63},[20,109500,109501],{},[30,109502,573],{},[40,109504,109506],{"className":42,"code":109505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109507,109508],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109509,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109511,8949],{"class":63},[49,109513,397],{"class":67},[49,109515,72],{"class":71},[49,109517,397],{"class":67},[49,109519,84],{"class":63},[49,109521,406],{"class":67},[49,109523,90],{"class":71},[49,109525,397],{"class":67},[49,109527,84],{"class":63},[49,109529,406],{"class":67},[49,109531,9406],{"class":71},[49,109533,397],{"class":67},[49,109535,100],{"class":63},[20,109537,18177],{},[155,109539,109540,109545],{},[158,109541,109542,109544],{},[15,109543,55031],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[158,109546,109547,109549],{},[15,109548,102362],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109551,109552,109553,109],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[72,109554,96322,109555,1571],{"href":107965},[15,109556,102362],{},[35,109558,4192],{"id":4191},[591,109560,1392,109562,96702],{"id":109561},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109563,55031],{},[20,109565,109566,109568,109569,109],{},[15,109567,55031],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109570,169],{},[20,109572,16124],{},[40,109574,109576],{"className":42,"code":109575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109577,109578,109610,109632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109579,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109581,12553],{"class":55},[49,109583,60],{"class":59},[49,109585,64],{"class":63},[49,109587,68],{"class":67},[49,109589,12570],{"class":71},[49,109591,68],{"class":67},[49,109593,84],{"class":63},[49,109595,87],{"class":67},[49,109597,12587],{"class":71},[49,109599,68],{"class":67},[49,109601,84],{"class":63},[49,109603,87],{"class":67},[49,109605,16937],{"class":71},[49,109607,68],{"class":67},[49,109609,100],{"class":63},[49,109611,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109613,12596],{"class":55},[49,109615,60],{"class":59},[49,109617,12601],{"class":55},[49,109619,109],{"class":63},[49,109621,34285],{"class":112},[49,109623,126],{"class":63},[49,109625,68],{"class":67},[49,109627,12587],{"class":71},[49,109629,68],{"class":67},[49,109631,335],{"class":63},[49,109633,109634,109636,109638,109640],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,109635,123],{"class":122},[49,109637,126],{"class":63},[49,109639,12620],{"class":112},[49,109641,335],{"class":63},[20,109643,109644],{},[30,109645,573],{},[40,109647,109648],{"className":42,"code":584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109649,109650],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109651,109652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109653,584],{"class":583},[20,109655,16136],{},[40,109657,109658],{"className":42,"code":108868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109659,109660,109692,109710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109661,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109663,12553],{"class":55},[49,109665,60],{"class":59},[49,109667,64],{"class":63},[49,109669,68],{"class":67},[49,109671,12570],{"class":71},[49,109673,68],{"class":67},[49,109675,84],{"class":63},[49,109677,87],{"class":67},[49,109679,12587],{"class":71},[49,109681,68],{"class":67},[49,109683,84],{"class":63},[49,109685,87],{"class":67},[49,109687,16937],{"class":71},[49,109689,68],{"class":67},[49,109691,100],{"class":63},[49,109693,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109695,16984],{"class":55},[49,109697,109],{"class":63},[49,109699,34285],{"class":112},[49,109701,126],{"class":63},[49,109703,68],{"class":67},[49,109705,12587],{"class":71},[49,109707,68],{"class":67},[49,109709,335],{"class":63},[49,109711,109712,109714,109716,109718],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,109713,123],{"class":122},[49,109715,126],{"class":63},[49,109717,16984],{"class":112},[49,109719,335],{"class":63},[591,109721,109723],{"id":109722},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109725,109726,109727,109],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109728,19170],{},[40,109730,109732],{"className":42,"code":109731,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109733,109734,109758],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109735,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109737,12553],{"class":55},[49,109739,60],{"class":59},[49,109741,64],{"class":63},[49,109743,68],{"class":67},[49,109745,12570],{"class":71},[49,109747,68],{"class":67},[49,109749,84],{"class":63},[49,109751,87],{"class":67},[49,109753,12587],{"class":71},[49,109755,68],{"class":67},[49,109757,100],{"class":63},[49,109759,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109761,16984],{"class":55},[49,109763,109],{"class":63},[49,109765,34285],{"class":112},[49,109767,126],{"class":63},[49,109769,68],{"class":67},[49,109771,16937],{"class":71},[49,109773,68],{"class":67},[49,109775,335],{"class":63},[20,109777,109778,109779,77],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109780,3555],{},[40,109782,109784],{"className":42,"code":109783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109785,109786,109810,109814,109830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109787,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109789,12553],{"class":55},[49,109791,60],{"class":59},[49,109793,64],{"class":63},[49,109795,68],{"class":67},[49,109797,12570],{"class":71},[49,109799,68],{"class":67},[49,109801,84],{"class":63},[49,109803,87],{"class":67},[49,109805,12587],{"class":71},[49,109807,68],{"class":67},[49,109809,100],{"class":63},[49,109811,109812],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,109813,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,109815,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826,109828],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,109817,6668],{"class":973},[49,109819,87],{"class":67},[49,109821,16937],{"class":71},[49,109823,68],{"class":67},[49,109825,20657],{"class":59},[49,109827,12601],{"class":55},[49,109829,6067],{"class":63},[49,109831,109832,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,109833,109834],{"class":55},"    colors",[49,109836,109],{"class":63},[49,109838,34285],{"class":112},[49,109840,126],{"class":63},[49,109842,68],{"class":67},[49,109844,16937],{"class":71},[49,109846,68],{"class":67},[49,109848,335],{"class":63},[20,109850,109851,109852,109856],{},"Or use ",[72,109853,109854],{"href":107965},[15,109855,102362],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[591,109858,36698,109860,8379,109862],{"id":109859},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109861,102376],{},[15,109863,54577],{},[20,109865,109866],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109868,109869,109870,109872],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109871,102376],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109874,109875,109876,109],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[72,109877,98586],{"href":98585},[591,109879,109881],{"id":109880},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109883,107871],{},[20,109885,109886],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[35,109888,1498],{"id":1497},[591,109890,1502,109892,96801],{"id":109891},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109893,102376],{},[20,109895,109896,109897,109],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109898,169],{},[591,109900,29775,109902,109904],{"id":109901},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109903,102376],{}," raise?",[20,109906,29781,109907,109909],{},[15,109908,19170],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[591,109911,20904,109913,2548,109915,1529],{"id":109912},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109914,55031],{},[15,109916,102362],{},[20,109918,1762,109919,109921,109922,109924],{},[15,109920,55031],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109923,102362],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[591,109926,4842,109928,109930],{"id":109927},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109929,102376],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109932,109933],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[35,109935,1550],{"id":1549},[155,109937,109938,109944,109950,109954,109958],{},[158,109939,109940],{},[72,109941,96322,109942,1571],{"href":107965},[15,109943,102362],{},[158,109945,109946],{},[72,109947,96322,109948,1571],{"href":97722},[15,109949,1570],{},[158,109951,109952],{},[72,109953,96846],{"href":97391},[158,109955,109956],{},[72,109957,99852],{"href":98585},[158,109959,109960],{},[72,109961,10924],{"href":10736},[1597,109963,109964],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":109966},[109967,109968,109970,109971,109972,109973,109978,109986,109996],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":108968,"depth":103,"text":109969},"What set.remove() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":109219,"depth":103,"text":109220},{"id":109324,"depth":103,"text":109974,"children":109975},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109976,109977],{"id":34285,"depth":119,"text":55031},{"id":102429,"depth":119,"text":102362},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":109979},[109980,109982,109983,109985],{"id":109561,"depth":119,"text":109981},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109722,"depth":119,"text":109723},{"id":109859,"depth":119,"text":109984},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109880,"depth":119,"text":109881},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":109987},[109988,109990,109992,109994],{"id":109891,"depth":119,"text":109989},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109901,"depth":119,"text":109991},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109912,"depth":119,"text":109993},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109927,"depth":119,"text":109995},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108842,"description":109997},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110004,"title":110005,"body":110006,"description":111379,"extension":1632,"meta":111380,"navigation":312,"path":111381,"seo":111382,"stem":111383,"__hash__":111384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110007,"toc":111354},[110008,110014,110020,110023,110026,110040,110042,110123,110126,110131,110135,110149,110156,110158,110177,110180,110198,110200,110280,110282,110307,110311,110314,110322,110327,110332,110334,110347,110352,110355,110379,110382,110390,110392,110395,110492,110494,110527,110529,110555,110562,110565,110569,110577,110581,110589,110591,110681,110683,110697,110704,110709,110714,110716,110807,110809,110821,110823,110837,110843,110851,110853,110935,110937,110982,110985,110993,110996,110998,111002,111045,111047,111067,111072,111074,111159,111161,111166,111168,111175,111183,111189,111192,111194,111280,111282,111306,111310,111313,111315,111342,111352],[10,110009,95708,110011,18],{"id":110010},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110012,110013],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110015,110016,110019],{},[15,110017,110018],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110021,110022],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110024,110025],{},"Use it when:",[155,110027,110028,110031,110037],{},[158,110029,110030],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[158,110032,110033,110034,110036],{},"you do ",[30,110035,600],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[158,110038,110039],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[35,110041,3281],{"id":3280},[40,110043,110045],{"className":42,"code":110044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110046,110047,110067,110087,110091,110110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110048,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110050,2224],{"class":55},[49,110052,60],{"class":59},[49,110054,64],{"class":63},[49,110056,2659],{"class":80},[49,110058,84],{"class":63},[49,110060,97],{"class":80},[49,110062,84],{"class":63},[49,110064,2120],{"class":80},[49,110066,100],{"class":63},[49,110068,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083,110085],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,110070,2252],{"class":55},[49,110072,60],{"class":59},[49,110074,64],{"class":63},[49,110076,1731],{"class":80},[49,110078,84],{"class":63},[49,110080,2126],{"class":80},[49,110082,84],{"class":63},[49,110084,4279],{"class":80},[49,110086,100],{"class":63},[49,110088,110089],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,110090,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,110092,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110104,110106,110108],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,110094,534],{"class":55},[49,110096,60],{"class":59},[49,110098,56390],{"class":55},[49,110100,109],{"class":63},[49,110102,110103],{"class":112},"symmetric_difference",[49,110105,126],{"class":63},[49,110107,90],{"class":112},[49,110109,335],{"class":63},[49,110111,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,110113,123],{"class":122},[49,110115,126],{"class":63},[49,110117,558],{"class":112},[49,110119,131],{"class":63},[49,110121,110122],{"class":134},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110124,110125],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[35,110127,144,110129,147],{"id":110128},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110130,110013],{},[20,110132,110133,77],{},[15,110134,110018],{},[155,110136,110137,110140,110143,110146],{},[158,110138,110139],{},"returns a new set",[158,110141,110142],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[158,110144,110145],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[158,110147,110148],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110150,95832,110151,2548,110153,109],{},[72,110152,95836],{"href":95835},[72,110154,110155],{"href":95839},"creating a set in Python",[35,110157,189],{"id":188},[40,110159,110161],{"className":42,"code":110160,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110162,110163],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110164,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110166,100093],{"class":55},[49,110168,109],{"class":63},[49,110170,110103],{"class":112},[49,110172,126],{"class":63},[49,110174,100102],{"class":112},[49,110176,335],{"class":63},[20,110178,110179],{},"Notes:",[155,110181,110182,110187,110192,110195],{},[158,110183,110184,110186],{},[15,110185,100093],{}," must be a set",[158,110188,110189,110191],{},[15,110190,100102],{}," can be any iterable",[158,110193,110194],{},"the result is always a set",[158,110196,110197],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110199,1244],{},[40,110201,110203],{"className":42,"code":110202,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110204,110205,110226,110247,110251,110270],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110206,110207,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110208,110209],{"class":55},"set1 ",[49,110211,60],{"class":59},[49,110213,64],{"class":63},[49,110215,2659],{"class":80},[49,110217,84],{"class":63},[49,110219,97],{"class":80},[49,110221,84],{"class":63},[49,110223,2120],{"class":80},[49,110225,100],{"class":63},[49,110227,110228,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243,110245],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,110229,110230],{"class":55},"set2 ",[49,110232,60],{"class":59},[49,110234,64],{"class":63},[49,110236,1731],{"class":80},[49,110238,84],{"class":63},[49,110240,2126],{"class":80},[49,110242,84],{"class":63},[49,110244,4279],{"class":80},[49,110246,100],{"class":63},[49,110248,110249],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,110250,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,110252,110253,110255,110257,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,110254,534],{"class":55},[49,110256,60],{"class":59},[49,110258,110259],{"class":55}," set1",[49,110261,109],{"class":63},[49,110263,110103],{"class":112},[49,110265,126],{"class":63},[49,110267,100102],{"class":112},[49,110269,335],{"class":63},[49,110271,110272,110274,110276,110278],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,110273,123],{"class":122},[49,110275,126],{"class":63},[49,110277,558],{"class":112},[49,110279,335],{"class":63},[20,110281,573],{},[40,110283,110285],{"className":42,"code":110284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110286,110287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110288,110289,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110290,8949],{"class":63},[49,110292,2659],{"class":80},[49,110294,84],{"class":63},[49,110296,97],{"class":80},[49,110298,84],{"class":63},[49,110300,2126],{"class":80},[49,110302,84],{"class":63},[49,110304,4279],{"class":80},[49,110306,100],{"class":63},[35,110308,110310],{"id":110309},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110312,110313],{},"The result includes:",[155,110315,110316,110319],{},[158,110317,110318],{},"items only in the first set",[158,110320,110321],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110323,110324,110325,10745],{},"The result does ",[30,110326,600],{},[155,110328,110329],{},[158,110330,110331],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110333,5145],{},[155,110335,110336,110341],{},[158,110337,110338,110339],{},"first set: ",[15,110340,99790],{},[158,110342,110343,110344],{},"second set: ",[15,110345,110346],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110348,3721,110349,110351],{},[15,110350,1731],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110353,110354],{},"The output is:",[40,110356,110357],{"className":42,"code":110284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,110358,110359],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110360,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110362,8949],{"class":63},[49,110364,2659],{"class":80},[49,110366,84],{"class":63},[49,110368,97],{"class":80},[49,110370,84],{"class":63},[49,110372,2126],{"class":80},[49,110374,84],{"class":63},[49,110376,4279],{"class":80},[49,110378,100],{"class":63},[20,110380,110381],{},"Also remember:",[155,110383,110384,110387],{},[158,110385,110386],{},"sets are unordered",[158,110388,110389],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[35,110391,225],{"id":224},[20,110393,110394],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[40,110396,110398],{"className":42,"code":110397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110399,110400,110432,110456,110460,110478,110482],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110401,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110403,106533],{"class":55},[49,110405,60],{"class":59},[49,110407,64],{"class":63},[49,110409,68],{"class":67},[49,110411,12570],{"class":71},[49,110413,68],{"class":67},[49,110415,84],{"class":63},[49,110417,87],{"class":67},[49,110419,12587],{"class":71},[49,110421,68],{"class":67},[49,110423,84],{"class":63},[49,110425,87],{"class":67},[49,110427,16937],{"class":71},[49,110429,68],{"class":67},[49,110431,100],{"class":63},[49,110433,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,110435,106566],{"class":55},[49,110437,60],{"class":59},[49,110439,64],{"class":63},[49,110441,68],{"class":67},[49,110443,16937],{"class":71},[49,110445,68],{"class":67},[49,110447,84],{"class":63},[49,110449,87],{"class":67},[49,110451,22008],{"class":71},[49,110453,68],{"class":67},[49,110455,100],{"class":63},[49,110457,110458],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,110459,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,110461,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,110463,534],{"class":55},[49,110465,60],{"class":59},[49,110467,106608],{"class":55},[49,110469,109],{"class":63},[49,110471,110103],{"class":112},[49,110473,126],{"class":63},[49,110475,106617],{"class":112},[49,110477,335],{"class":63},[49,110479,110480],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,110481,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,110483,110484,110486,110488,110490],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,110485,123],{"class":122},[49,110487,126],{"class":63},[49,110489,558],{"class":112},[49,110491,335],{"class":63},[20,110493,573],{},[40,110495,110497],{"className":42,"code":110496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110498,110499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110500,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110525],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110502,8949],{"class":63},[49,110504,397],{"class":67},[49,110506,12570],{"class":71},[49,110508,397],{"class":67},[49,110510,84],{"class":63},[49,110512,406],{"class":67},[49,110514,12587],{"class":71},[49,110516,397],{"class":67},[49,110518,84],{"class":63},[49,110520,406],{"class":67},[49,110522,22008],{"class":71},[49,110524,397],{"class":67},[49,110526,100],{"class":63},[20,110528,12887],{},[155,110530,110531,110536,110547],{},[158,110532,110533,110535],{},[15,110534,96001],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[158,110537,110538,1017,110540,110543,110544,110546],{},[15,110539,64897],{},[15,110541,110542],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110545,106670],{},", so they stay",[158,110548,110549,110551,110552,110554],{},[15,110550,109309],{}," is only in ",[15,110553,106617],{},", so it stays",[35,110556,110558,10249,110560],{"id":110557},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110559,110013],{},[15,110561,99922],{},[20,110563,110564],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110566,110567,77],{},[15,110568,99922],{},[155,110570,110571,110574],{},[158,110572,110573],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[158,110575,110576],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110578,110579,77],{},[15,110580,110013],{},[155,110582,110583,110586],{},[158,110584,110585],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[158,110587,110588],{},"removes shared items",[20,110590,1244],{},[40,110592,110594],{"className":42,"code":110593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110595,110596,110616,110636,110640,110661],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110597,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110599,2224],{"class":55},[49,110601,60],{"class":59},[49,110603,64],{"class":63},[49,110605,2659],{"class":80},[49,110607,84],{"class":63},[49,110609,97],{"class":80},[49,110611,84],{"class":63},[49,110613,2120],{"class":80},[49,110615,100],{"class":63},[49,110617,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,110619,2252],{"class":55},[49,110621,60],{"class":59},[49,110623,64],{"class":63},[49,110625,1731],{"class":80},[49,110627,84],{"class":63},[49,110629,2126],{"class":80},[49,110631,84],{"class":63},[49,110633,4279],{"class":80},[49,110635,100],{"class":63},[49,110637,110638],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,110639,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,110641,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654,110656,110658],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,110643,123],{"class":122},[49,110645,126],{"class":63},[49,110647,72],{"class":112},[49,110649,109],{"class":63},[49,110651,2482],{"class":112},[49,110653,126],{"class":63},[49,110655,90],{"class":112},[49,110657,5034],{"class":63},[49,110659,110660],{"class":134},"            # {1, 2}\n",[49,110662,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,110664,123],{"class":122},[49,110666,126],{"class":63},[49,110668,72],{"class":112},[49,110670,109],{"class":63},[49,110672,110103],{"class":112},[49,110674,126],{"class":63},[49,110676,90],{"class":112},[49,110678,5034],{"class":63},[49,110680,110122],{"class":134},[20,110682,18177],{},[155,110684,110685,110692],{},[158,110686,110687,110691],{},[72,110688,110689],{"href":102348},[15,110690,99922],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[158,110693,110694,110696],{},[15,110695,110013],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[35,110698,110700,10249,110702],{"id":110699},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110701,110013],{},[15,110703,102307],{},[20,110705,110706,110708],{},[15,110707,102307],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110710,110711,110713],{},[15,110712,110013],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110715,1244],{},[40,110717,110719],{"className":42,"code":110718,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110720,110721,110741,110761,110765,110787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110724,2224],{"class":55},[49,110726,60],{"class":59},[49,110728,64],{"class":63},[49,110730,2659],{"class":80},[49,110732,84],{"class":63},[49,110734,97],{"class":80},[49,110736,84],{"class":63},[49,110738,2120],{"class":80},[49,110740,100],{"class":63},[49,110742,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,110744,2252],{"class":55},[49,110746,60],{"class":59},[49,110748,64],{"class":63},[49,110750,1731],{"class":80},[49,110752,84],{"class":63},[49,110754,2126],{"class":80},[49,110756,84],{"class":63},[49,110758,4279],{"class":80},[49,110760,100],{"class":63},[49,110762,110763],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,110764,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,110766,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110778,110780,110782,110784],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,110768,123],{"class":122},[49,110770,126],{"class":63},[49,110772,72],{"class":112},[49,110774,109],{"class":63},[49,110776,110777],{"class":112},"union",[49,110779,126],{"class":63},[49,110781,90],{"class":112},[49,110783,5034],{"class":63},[49,110785,110786],{"class":134},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[49,110788,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801,110803,110805],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,110790,123],{"class":122},[49,110792,126],{"class":63},[49,110794,72],{"class":112},[49,110796,109],{"class":63},[49,110798,110103],{"class":112},[49,110800,126],{"class":63},[49,110802,90],{"class":112},[49,110804,5034],{"class":63},[49,110806,110122],{"class":134},[20,110808,26707],{},[155,110810,110811,110816],{},[158,110812,110813,110815],{},[15,110814,102307],{}," includes everything",[158,110817,110818,110820],{},[15,110819,110013],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110822,18177],{},[155,110824,110825,110832],{},[158,110826,110827,110831],{},[72,110828,110829],{"href":107238},[15,110830,102307],{}," when overlap does not matter",[158,110833,110834,110836],{},[15,110835,110013],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[35,110838,36106,110840,101106],{"id":110839},"using-the-operator",[15,110841,110842],{},"^",[20,110844,110845,110846,110848,110849,109],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110847,110842],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110850,110013],{},[20,110852,1244],{},[40,110854,110856],{"className":42,"code":110855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110857,110858,110878,110898,110902,110920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110859,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110861,110209],{"class":55},[49,110863,60],{"class":59},[49,110865,64],{"class":63},[49,110867,2659],{"class":80},[49,110869,84],{"class":63},[49,110871,97],{"class":80},[49,110873,84],{"class":63},[49,110875,2120],{"class":80},[49,110877,100],{"class":63},[49,110879,110880,110882,110884,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,110881,110230],{"class":55},[49,110883,60],{"class":59},[49,110885,64],{"class":63},[49,110887,1731],{"class":80},[49,110889,84],{"class":63},[49,110891,2126],{"class":80},[49,110893,84],{"class":63},[49,110895,4279],{"class":80},[49,110897,100],{"class":63},[49,110899,110900],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,110901,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,110903,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,110905,123],{"class":122},[49,110907,126],{"class":63},[49,110909,100093],{"class":112},[49,110911,109],{"class":63},[49,110913,110103],{"class":112},[49,110915,126],{"class":63},[49,110917,100102],{"class":112},[49,110919,1436],{"class":63},[49,110921,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110933],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,110923,123],{"class":122},[49,110925,126],{"class":63},[49,110927,110209],{"class":112},[49,110929,110842],{"class":59},[49,110931,110932],{"class":112}," set2",[49,110934,335],{"class":63},[20,110936,29517],{},[40,110938,110940],{"className":42,"code":110939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110941,110942,110962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110943,110944,110946,110948,110950,110952,110954,110956,110958,110960],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110945,8949],{"class":63},[49,110947,2659],{"class":80},[49,110949,84],{"class":63},[49,110951,97],{"class":80},[49,110953,84],{"class":63},[49,110955,2126],{"class":80},[49,110957,84],{"class":63},[49,110959,4279],{"class":80},[49,110961,100],{"class":63},[49,110963,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,110965,8949],{"class":63},[49,110967,2659],{"class":80},[49,110969,84],{"class":63},[49,110971,97],{"class":80},[49,110973,84],{"class":63},[49,110975,2126],{"class":80},[49,110977,84],{"class":63},[49,110979,4279],{"class":80},[49,110981,100],{"class":63},[20,110983,110984],{},"Both forms:",[155,110986,110987,110990],{},[158,110988,110989],{},"return a new set",[158,110991,110992],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110994,110995],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[35,110997,4192],{"id":4191},[20,110999,20695,111000,77],{},[15,111001,110013],{},[155,111003,111004,111012,111022,111037],{},[158,111005,111006,111009,111011],{},[30,111007,111008],{},"Expecting sorted output",[1364,111010],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[158,111013,111014,111017,111019,111021],{},[30,111015,111016],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[1364,111018],{},[15,111020,110013],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[158,111023,111024,111029,111031,111033,111034,111036],{},[30,111025,111026,111027],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111028,99922],{},[1364,111030],{},[15,111032,99922],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111035,110013],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[158,111038,111039,111042,111044],{},[30,111040,111041],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[1364,111043],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111046,58365],{},[155,111048,111049,111058,111061,111064],{},[158,111050,49992,111051,44128,111053,111057],{},[15,111052,110013],{},[72,111054,111055],{"href":107238},[15,111056,102307],{}," is actually needed",[158,111059,111060],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[158,111062,111063],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[158,111065,111066],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111068,111069,111070,109],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[72,111071,98586],{"href":104851},[20,111073,61799],{},[40,111075,111077],{"className":42,"code":111076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111078,111079,111089,111099,111117,111131,111145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111080,111081,111083,111085,111087],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111082,123],{"class":122},[49,111084,126],{"class":63},[49,111086,100093],{"class":112},[49,111088,335],{"class":63},[49,111090,111091,111093,111095,111097],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,111092,123],{"class":122},[49,111094,126],{"class":63},[49,111096,100102],{"class":112},[49,111098,335],{"class":63},[49,111100,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,111102,123],{"class":122},[49,111104,126],{"class":63},[49,111106,100093],{"class":112},[49,111108,109],{"class":63},[49,111110,110103],{"class":112},[49,111112,126],{"class":63},[49,111114,100102],{"class":112},[49,111116,1436],{"class":63},[49,111118,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,111120,123],{"class":122},[49,111122,126],{"class":63},[49,111124,110209],{"class":112},[49,111126,110842],{"class":59},[49,111128,110932],{"class":112},[49,111130,335],{"class":63},[49,111132,111133,111135,111137,111139,111141,111143],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,111134,123],{"class":122},[49,111136,126],{"class":63},[49,111138,1429],{"class":1428},[49,111140,126],{"class":63},[49,111142,100093],{"class":112},[49,111144,1436],{"class":63},[49,111146,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,111148,123],{"class":122},[49,111150,126],{"class":63},[49,111152,1429],{"class":1428},[49,111154,126],{"class":63},[49,111156,100102],{"class":112},[49,111158,1436],{"class":63},[35,111160,1498],{"id":1497},[591,111162,1502,111164,102247],{"id":111163},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111165,110013],{},[20,111167,102250],{},[591,111169,1524,111171,1017,111173,1529],{"id":111170},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111172,110013],{},[15,111174,99922],{},[20,111176,111177,111179,111180,111182],{},[15,111178,99922],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111181,110013],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[591,111184,27815,111186,111188],{"id":111185},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111187,110013],{}," with lists?",[20,111190,111191],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111193,1244],{},[40,111195,111197],{"className":42,"code":111196,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111198,111199,111219,111239,111243,111270],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111200,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111202,80163],{"class":55},[49,111204,60],{"class":59},[49,111206,3296],{"class":63},[49,111208,2659],{"class":80},[49,111210,84],{"class":63},[49,111212,97],{"class":80},[49,111214,84],{"class":63},[49,111216,2120],{"class":80},[49,111218,3309],{"class":63},[49,111220,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,111222,80184],{"class":55},[49,111224,60],{"class":59},[49,111226,3296],{"class":63},[49,111228,1731],{"class":80},[49,111230,84],{"class":63},[49,111232,2126],{"class":80},[49,111234,84],{"class":63},[49,111236,4279],{"class":80},[49,111238,3309],{"class":63},[49,111240,111241],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,111242,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,111244,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253,111256,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,111246,534],{"class":55},[49,111248,60],{"class":59},[49,111250,15113],{"class":1428},[49,111252,126],{"class":63},[49,111254,111255],{"class":112},"list1",[49,111257,8306],{"class":63},[49,111259,110103],{"class":112},[49,111261,126],{"class":63},[49,111263,5960],{"class":1428},[49,111265,126],{"class":63},[49,111267,80450],{"class":112},[49,111269,1436],{"class":63},[49,111271,111272,111274,111276,111278],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,111273,123],{"class":122},[49,111275,126],{"class":63},[49,111277,558],{"class":112},[49,111279,335],{"class":63},[20,111281,573],{},[40,111283,111284],{"className":42,"code":110284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,111285,111286],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111287,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111289,8949],{"class":63},[49,111291,2659],{"class":80},[49,111293,84],{"class":63},[49,111295,97],{"class":80},[49,111297,84],{"class":63},[49,111299,2126],{"class":80},[49,111301,84],{"class":63},[49,111303,4279],{"class":80},[49,111305,100],{"class":63},[591,111307,111309],{"id":111308},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111311,111312],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[35,111314,1550],{"id":1549},[155,111316,111317,111321,111326,111332,111338],{},[158,111318,111319],{},[72,111320,95836],{"href":95835},[158,111322,111323],{},[72,111324,111325],{"href":95839},"Creating a set in Python",[158,111327,111328],{},[72,111329,96322,111330,1571],{"href":102348},[15,111331,99922],{},[158,111333,111334],{},[72,111335,96322,111336,1571],{"href":107238},[15,111337,102307],{},[158,111339,111340],{},[72,111341,99852],{"href":104851},[20,111343,111344,111345,1858,111347,16553,111349,111351],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111346,99922],{},[15,111348,102307],{},[15,111350,110013],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1597,111353,56744],{},{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":111355},[111356,111357,111359,111360,111361,111362,111364,111366,111368,111369,111378],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":110128,"depth":103,"text":111358},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":110309,"depth":103,"text":110310},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":110557,"depth":103,"text":111363},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110699,"depth":103,"text":111365},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110839,"depth":103,"text":111367},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":111370},[111371,111373,111375,111377],{"id":111163,"depth":119,"text":111372},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111170,"depth":119,"text":111374},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111185,"depth":119,"text":111376},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111308,"depth":119,"text":111309},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110005,"description":111379},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111386,"title":111387,"body":111388,"description":113451,"extension":1632,"meta":113452,"navigation":312,"path":107238,"seo":113453,"stem":113454,"__hash__":113455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111389,"toc":113410},[111390,111395,111400,111403,111416,111418,111500,111505,111510,111514,111526,111529,111533,111535,111562,111564,111575,111578,111647,111649,111655,111658,111668,111670,111759,111764,111766,111773,111776,111778,111781,111901,111903,111972,111975,111992,111997,112000,112116,112118,112147,112150,112156,112161,112165,112246,112248,112276,112281,112285,112380,112382,112423,112427,112430,112497,112499,112540,112546,112561,112568,112575,112579,112585,112671,112675,112683,112754,112759,112766,112768,112774,112776,112841,112843,112859,112864,112867,112936,112940,112943,113002,113005,113009,113062,113075,113078,113131,113135,113137,113168,113171,113176,113229,113233,113236,113257,113269,113271,113324,113326,113331,113333,113339,113342,113348,113353,113357,113360,113368,113377,113379,113407],[10,111391,3247,111393,18],{"id":111392},"python-setunion-method",[15,111394,107551],{},[20,111396,111397,111399],{},[15,111398,107551],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111401,111402],{},"It is useful when you want:",[155,111404,111405,111408,111413],{},[158,111406,111407],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[158,111409,2224,111410,111412],{},[30,111411,100277],{}," as the result",[158,111414,111415],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[35,111417,38],{"id":37},[40,111419,111421],{"className":42,"code":111420,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111422,111423,111443,111463,111467,111485,111495],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111424,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435,111437,111439,111441],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111426,110209],{"class":55},[49,111428,60],{"class":59},[49,111430,64],{"class":63},[49,111432,2659],{"class":80},[49,111434,84],{"class":63},[49,111436,97],{"class":80},[49,111438,84],{"class":63},[49,111440,2120],{"class":80},[49,111442,100],{"class":63},[49,111444,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459,111461],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,111446,110230],{"class":55},[49,111448,60],{"class":59},[49,111450,64],{"class":63},[49,111452,1731],{"class":80},[49,111454,84],{"class":63},[49,111456,2126],{"class":80},[49,111458,84],{"class":63},[49,111460,4279],{"class":80},[49,111462,100],{"class":63},[49,111464,111465],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,111466,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,111468,111469,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479,111481,111483],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,111470,534],{"class":55},[49,111472,60],{"class":59},[49,111474,110259],{"class":55},[49,111476,109],{"class":63},[49,111478,110777],{"class":112},[49,111480,126],{"class":63},[49,111482,100102],{"class":112},[49,111484,335],{"class":63},[49,111486,111487,111489,111491,111493],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,111488,123],{"class":122},[49,111490,126],{"class":63},[49,111492,558],{"class":112},[49,111494,335],{"class":63},[49,111496,111497],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,111498,111499],{"class":134},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111501,111502,111504],{},[15,111503,102307],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[35,111506,144,111508,147],{"id":111507},"what-setunion-does",[15,111509,107551],{},[20,111511,111512,77],{},[15,111513,107551],{},[155,111515,111516,111519,111522,111524],{},[158,111517,111518],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[158,111520,111521],{},"keeps only unique values",[158,111523,110139],{},[158,111525,110148],{},[20,111527,111528],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111530,95832,111531,109],{},[72,111532,95836],{"href":97007},[35,111534,189],{"id":188},[40,111536,111538],{"className":42,"code":111537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111539,111540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111541,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558,111560],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111543,100093],{"class":55},[49,111545,109],{"class":63},[49,111547,110777],{"class":112},[49,111549,126],{"class":63},[49,111551,100102],{"class":112},[49,111553,84],{"class":63},[49,111555,100129],{"class":112},[49,111557,84],{"class":63},[49,111559,33944],{"class":122},[49,111561,335],{"class":63},[20,111563,12529],{},[155,111565,111566,111569,111572],{},[158,111567,111568],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[158,111570,111571],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[158,111573,111574],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111576,111577],{},"Example with two sets:",[40,111579,111581],{"className":42,"code":111580,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111582,111583,111599,111615,111619,111637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111584,111585,111587,111589,111591,111593,111595,111597],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111586,2224],{"class":55},[49,111588,60],{"class":59},[49,111590,64],{"class":63},[49,111592,2659],{"class":80},[49,111594,84],{"class":63},[49,111596,97],{"class":80},[49,111598,100],{"class":63},[49,111600,111601,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,111602,2252],{"class":55},[49,111604,60],{"class":59},[49,111606,64],{"class":63},[49,111608,1725],{"class":80},[49,111610,84],{"class":63},[49,111612,2120],{"class":80},[49,111614,100],{"class":63},[49,111616,111617],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,111618,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,111620,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,111622,534],{"class":55},[49,111624,60],{"class":59},[49,111626,56390],{"class":55},[49,111628,109],{"class":63},[49,111630,110777],{"class":112},[49,111632,126],{"class":63},[49,111634,90],{"class":112},[49,111636,335],{"class":63},[49,111638,111639,111641,111643,111645],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,111640,123],{"class":122},[49,111642,126],{"class":63},[49,111644,558],{"class":112},[49,111646,335],{"class":63},[35,111648,21454],{"id":21453},[20,111650,111651,100274,111653,109],{},[15,111652,107551],{},[30,111654,100277],{},[20,111656,111657],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[155,111659,111660,111663],{},[158,111661,111662],{},"the original set",[158,111664,111665,111666],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111667,102307],{},[20,111669,1244],{},[40,111671,111673],{"className":42,"code":111672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111674,111675,111691,111707,111711,111729,111733,111746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111676,111677,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111678,2224],{"class":55},[49,111680,60],{"class":59},[49,111682,64],{"class":63},[49,111684,2659],{"class":80},[49,111686,84],{"class":63},[49,111688,97],{"class":80},[49,111690,100],{"class":63},[49,111692,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,111694,2252],{"class":55},[49,111696,60],{"class":59},[49,111698,64],{"class":63},[49,111700,1725],{"class":80},[49,111702,84],{"class":63},[49,111704,2120],{"class":80},[49,111706,100],{"class":63},[49,111708,111709],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,111710,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,111712,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111727],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,111714,534],{"class":55},[49,111716,60],{"class":59},[49,111718,56390],{"class":55},[49,111720,109],{"class":63},[49,111722,110777],{"class":112},[49,111724,126],{"class":63},[49,111726,90],{"class":112},[49,111728,335],{"class":63},[49,111730,111731],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,111732,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,111734,111735,111737,111739,111741,111743],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,111736,123],{"class":122},[49,111738,126],{"class":63},[49,111740,558],{"class":112},[49,111742,131],{"class":63},[49,111744,111745],{"class":134},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,111747,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,111749,123],{"class":122},[49,111751,126],{"class":63},[49,111753,72],{"class":112},[49,111755,131],{"class":63},[49,111757,111758],{"class":134},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111760,1954,111761,111763],{},[15,111762,72],{}," did not change.",[20,111765,110381],{},[155,111767,111768,111770],{},[158,111769,110386],{},[158,111771,111772],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111774,111775],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[35,111777,225],{"id":224},[20,111779,111780],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[40,111782,111784],{"className":42,"code":111783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111785,111786,111819,111852,111856,111876,111880,111890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111787,111788,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111789,111790],{"class":55},"fruits1 ",[49,111792,60],{"class":59},[49,111794,64],{"class":63},[49,111796,68],{"class":67},[49,111798,3751],{"class":71},[49,111800,68],{"class":67},[49,111802,84],{"class":63},[49,111804,87],{"class":67},[49,111806,3760],{"class":71},[49,111808,68],{"class":67},[49,111810,84],{"class":63},[49,111812,87],{"class":67},[49,111814,32710],{"class":71},[49,111816,68],{"class":67},[49,111818,100],{"class":63},[49,111820,111821,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,111822,111823],{"class":55},"fruits2 ",[49,111825,60],{"class":59},[49,111827,64],{"class":63},[49,111829,68],{"class":67},[49,111831,3760],{"class":71},[49,111833,68],{"class":67},[49,111835,84],{"class":63},[49,111837,87],{"class":67},[49,111839,22017],{"class":71},[49,111841,68],{"class":67},[49,111843,84],{"class":63},[49,111845,87],{"class":67},[49,111847,32710],{"class":71},[49,111849,68],{"class":67},[49,111851,100],{"class":63},[49,111853,111854],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,111855,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,111857,111858,111860,111862,111865,111867,111869,111871,111874],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,111859,534],{"class":55},[49,111861,60],{"class":59},[49,111863,111864],{"class":55}," fruits1",[49,111866,109],{"class":63},[49,111868,110777],{"class":112},[49,111870,126],{"class":63},[49,111872,111873],{"class":112},"fruits2",[49,111875,335],{"class":63},[49,111877,111878],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,111879,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,111881,111882,111884,111886,111888],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,111883,123],{"class":122},[49,111885,126],{"class":63},[49,111887,558],{"class":112},[49,111889,335],{"class":63},[49,111891,111892,111894,111896,111899],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,111893,123],{"class":122},[49,111895,126],{"class":63},[49,111897,111898],{"class":112},"fruits1",[49,111900,335],{"class":63},[20,111902,29517],{},[40,111904,111906],{"className":42,"code":111905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111907,111908,111944],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111909,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111911,8949],{"class":63},[49,111913,397],{"class":67},[49,111915,3760],{"class":71},[49,111917,397],{"class":67},[49,111919,84],{"class":63},[49,111921,406],{"class":67},[49,111923,32710],{"class":71},[49,111925,397],{"class":67},[49,111927,84],{"class":63},[49,111929,406],{"class":67},[49,111931,3751],{"class":71},[49,111933,397],{"class":67},[49,111935,84],{"class":63},[49,111937,406],{"class":67},[49,111939,22017],{"class":71},[49,111941,397],{"class":67},[49,111943,100],{"class":63},[49,111945,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,111947,8949],{"class":63},[49,111949,397],{"class":67},[49,111951,3760],{"class":71},[49,111953,397],{"class":67},[49,111955,84],{"class":63},[49,111957,406],{"class":67},[49,111959,32710],{"class":71},[49,111961,397],{"class":67},[49,111963,84],{"class":63},[49,111965,406],{"class":67},[49,111967,3751],{"class":71},[49,111969,397],{"class":67},[49,111971,100],{"class":63},[20,111973,111974],{},"What this shows:",[155,111976,111977,111984,111987],{},[158,111978,111979,1017,111981,111983],{},[15,111980,64779],{},[15,111982,65206],{}," appear in both sets",[158,111985,111986],{},"they appear only once in the result",[158,111988,111989,111991],{},[15,111990,111898],{}," stays unchanged",[35,111993,8092,111995,100666],{"id":111994},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111996,102307],{},[20,111998,111999],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[40,112001,112003],{"className":42,"code":112002,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112004,112005,112021,112037,112054,112071,112075,112102,112106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112006,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112008,110209],{"class":55},[49,112010,60],{"class":59},[49,112012,64],{"class":63},[49,112014,2659],{"class":80},[49,112016,84],{"class":63},[49,112018,97],{"class":80},[49,112020,100],{"class":63},[49,112022,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112024,110230],{"class":55},[49,112026,60],{"class":59},[49,112028,64],{"class":63},[49,112030,1725],{"class":80},[49,112032,84],{"class":63},[49,112034,2120],{"class":80},[49,112036,100],{"class":63},[49,112038,112039,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112040,112041],{"class":55},"set3 ",[49,112043,60],{"class":59},[49,112045,64],{"class":63},[49,112047,1731],{"class":80},[49,112049,84],{"class":63},[49,112051,2126],{"class":80},[49,112053,100],{"class":63},[49,112055,112056,112059,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112057,112058],{"class":55},"set4 ",[49,112060,60],{"class":59},[49,112062,64],{"class":63},[49,112064,2174],{"class":80},[49,112066,84],{"class":63},[49,112068,4279],{"class":80},[49,112070,100],{"class":63},[49,112072,112073],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,112074,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112076,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112100],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,112078,534],{"class":55},[49,112080,60],{"class":59},[49,112082,110259],{"class":55},[49,112084,109],{"class":63},[49,112086,110777],{"class":112},[49,112088,126],{"class":63},[49,112090,100102],{"class":112},[49,112092,84],{"class":63},[49,112094,100129],{"class":112},[49,112096,84],{"class":63},[49,112098,112099],{"class":112}," set4",[49,112101,335],{"class":63},[49,112103,112104],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,112105,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112107,112108,112110,112112,112114],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,112109,123],{"class":122},[49,112111,126],{"class":63},[49,112113,558],{"class":112},[49,112115,335],{"class":63},[20,112117,29517],{},[40,112119,112121],{"className":42,"code":112120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112122,112123],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112124,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112126,8949],{"class":63},[49,112128,2659],{"class":80},[49,112130,84],{"class":63},[49,112132,97],{"class":80},[49,112134,84],{"class":63},[49,112136,2120],{"class":80},[49,112138,84],{"class":63},[49,112140,2126],{"class":80},[49,112142,84],{"class":63},[49,112144,4279],{"class":80},[49,112146,100],{"class":63},[20,112148,112149],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[35,112151,8092,112153,112155],{"id":112152},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112154,102307],{}," with other iterables",[20,112157,112158,112160],{},[15,112159,102307],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[591,112162,112164],{"id":112163},"with-a-list","With a list",[40,112166,112168],{"className":42,"code":112167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112169,112170,112190,112214,112218,112236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112171,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112173,3291],{"class":55},[49,112175,60],{"class":59},[49,112177,64],{"class":63},[49,112179,2659],{"class":80},[49,112181,84],{"class":63},[49,112183,97],{"class":80},[49,112185,84],{"class":63},[49,112187,2120],{"class":80},[49,112189,100],{"class":63},[49,112191,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210,112212],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112193,60551],{"class":55},[49,112195,60],{"class":59},[49,112197,3296],{"class":63},[49,112199,1731],{"class":80},[49,112201,84],{"class":63},[49,112203,2126],{"class":80},[49,112205,84],{"class":63},[49,112207,4279],{"class":80},[49,112209,84],{"class":63},[49,112211,4279],{"class":80},[49,112213,3309],{"class":63},[49,112215,112216],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112217,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112219,112220,112222,112224,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112221,534],{"class":55},[49,112223,60],{"class":59},[49,112225,3936],{"class":55},[49,112227,109],{"class":63},[49,112229,110777],{"class":112},[49,112231,126],{"class":63},[49,112233,60580],{"class":112},[49,112235,335],{"class":63},[49,112237,112238,112240,112242,112244],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,112239,123],{"class":122},[49,112241,126],{"class":63},[49,112243,558],{"class":112},[49,112245,335],{"class":63},[20,112247,29517],{},[40,112249,112250],{"className":42,"code":112120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,112251,112252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112253,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112255,8949],{"class":63},[49,112257,2659],{"class":80},[49,112259,84],{"class":63},[49,112261,97],{"class":80},[49,112263,84],{"class":63},[49,112265,2120],{"class":80},[49,112267,84],{"class":63},[49,112269,2126],{"class":80},[49,112271,84],{"class":63},[49,112273,4279],{"class":80},[49,112275,100],{"class":63},[20,112277,20461,112278,112280],{},[15,112279,1807],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[591,112282,112284],{"id":112283},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[40,112286,112288],{"className":42,"code":112287,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112289,112290,112314,112347,112351,112370],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112291,112292,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112293,35583],{"class":55},[49,112295,60],{"class":59},[49,112297,64],{"class":63},[49,112299,68],{"class":67},[49,112301,72],{"class":71},[49,112303,68],{"class":67},[49,112305,84],{"class":63},[49,112307,87],{"class":67},[49,112309,90],{"class":71},[49,112311,68],{"class":67},[49,112313,100],{"class":63},[49,112315,112316,112319,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112317,112318],{"class":55},"more_letters ",[49,112320,60],{"class":59},[49,112322,8907],{"class":63},[49,112324,68],{"class":67},[49,112326,90],{"class":71},[49,112328,68],{"class":67},[49,112330,84],{"class":63},[49,112332,87],{"class":67},[49,112334,9406],{"class":71},[49,112336,68],{"class":67},[49,112338,84],{"class":63},[49,112340,87],{"class":67},[49,112342,18250],{"class":71},[49,112344,68],{"class":67},[49,112346,335],{"class":63},[49,112348,112349],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112350,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112352,112353,112355,112357,112359,112361,112363,112365,112368],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112354,534],{"class":55},[49,112356,60],{"class":59},[49,112358,69601],{"class":55},[49,112360,109],{"class":63},[49,112362,110777],{"class":112},[49,112364,126],{"class":63},[49,112366,112367],{"class":112},"more_letters",[49,112369,335],{"class":63},[49,112371,112372,112374,112376,112378],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,112373,123],{"class":122},[49,112375,126],{"class":63},[49,112377,558],{"class":112},[49,112379,335],{"class":63},[20,112381,29517],{},[40,112383,112385],{"className":42,"code":112384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112386,112387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112388,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112390,8949],{"class":63},[49,112392,397],{"class":67},[49,112394,72],{"class":71},[49,112396,397],{"class":67},[49,112398,84],{"class":63},[49,112400,406],{"class":67},[49,112402,90],{"class":71},[49,112404,397],{"class":67},[49,112406,84],{"class":63},[49,112408,406],{"class":67},[49,112410,9406],{"class":71},[49,112412,397],{"class":67},[49,112414,84],{"class":63},[49,112416,406],{"class":67},[49,112418,18250],{"class":71},[49,112420,397],{"class":67},[49,112422,100],{"class":63},[591,112424,112426],{"id":112425},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112428,112429],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[40,112431,112433],{"className":42,"code":112432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112434,112435,112460,112483,112487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112436,112437,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112438,112439],{"class":55},"chars ",[49,112441,60],{"class":59},[49,112443,64],{"class":63},[49,112445,68],{"class":67},[49,112447,72],{"class":71},[49,112449,68],{"class":67},[49,112451,84],{"class":63},[49,112453,87],{"class":67},[49,112455,90],{"class":71},[49,112457,68],{"class":67},[49,112459,100],{"class":63},[49,112461,112462,112464,112466,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112463,534],{"class":55},[49,112465,60],{"class":59},[49,112467,112468],{"class":55}," chars",[49,112470,109],{"class":63},[49,112472,110777],{"class":112},[49,112474,126],{"class":63},[49,112476,68],{"class":67},[49,112478,36541],{"class":71},[49,112480,68],{"class":67},[49,112482,335],{"class":63},[49,112484,112485],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112486,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112488,112489,112491,112493,112495],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112490,123],{"class":122},[49,112492,126],{"class":63},[49,112494,558],{"class":112},[49,112496,335],{"class":63},[20,112498,29517],{},[40,112500,112502],{"className":42,"code":112501,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112503,112504],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112505,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112507,8949],{"class":63},[49,112509,397],{"class":67},[49,112511,72],{"class":71},[49,112513,397],{"class":67},[49,112515,84],{"class":63},[49,112517,406],{"class":67},[49,112519,90],{"class":71},[49,112521,397],{"class":67},[49,112523,84],{"class":63},[49,112525,406],{"class":67},[49,112527,9406],{"class":71},[49,112529,397],{"class":67},[49,112531,84],{"class":63},[49,112533,406],{"class":67},[49,112535,62791],{"class":71},[49,112537,397],{"class":67},[49,112539,100],{"class":63},[20,112541,21673,112542,112545],{},[15,112543,112544],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[155,112547,112548,112552,112556],{},[158,112549,112550],{},[15,112551,65986],{},[158,112553,112554],{},[15,112555,17578],{},[158,112557,112558],{},[15,112559,112560],{},"\"t\"",[35,112562,112564,10249,112566],{"id":112563},"union-vs-update",[15,112565,102307],{},[15,112567,14433],{},[20,112569,112570,1017,112572,112574],{},[15,112571,102307],{},[15,112573,14433],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[591,112576,112577],{"id":110777},[15,112578,102307],{},[155,112580,112581,112583],{},[158,112582,110139],{},[158,112584,110148],{},[40,112586,112587],{"className":42,"code":111672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,112588,112589,112605,112621,112625,112643,112647,112659],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112590,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112592,2224],{"class":55},[49,112594,60],{"class":59},[49,112596,64],{"class":63},[49,112598,2659],{"class":80},[49,112600,84],{"class":63},[49,112602,97],{"class":80},[49,112604,100],{"class":63},[49,112606,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112608,2252],{"class":55},[49,112610,60],{"class":59},[49,112612,64],{"class":63},[49,112614,1725],{"class":80},[49,112616,84],{"class":63},[49,112618,2120],{"class":80},[49,112620,100],{"class":63},[49,112622,112623],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112624,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112626,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112628,534],{"class":55},[49,112630,60],{"class":59},[49,112632,56390],{"class":55},[49,112634,109],{"class":63},[49,112636,110777],{"class":112},[49,112638,126],{"class":63},[49,112640,90],{"class":112},[49,112642,335],{"class":63},[49,112644,112645],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,112646,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112648,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,112650,123],{"class":122},[49,112652,126],{"class":63},[49,112654,558],{"class":112},[49,112656,131],{"class":63},[49,112658,111745],{"class":134},[49,112660,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,112662,123],{"class":122},[49,112664,126],{"class":63},[49,112666,72],{"class":112},[49,112668,131],{"class":63},[49,112670,111758],{"class":134},[591,112672,112673],{"id":29952},[15,112674,14433],{},[155,112676,112677,112680],{},[158,112678,112679],{},"changes the existing set in place",[158,112681,112682],{},"does not create a separate result set",[40,112684,112686],{"className":42,"code":112685,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112687,112688,112704,112720,112724,112738,112742],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112689,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112691,2224],{"class":55},[49,112693,60],{"class":59},[49,112695,64],{"class":63},[49,112697,2659],{"class":80},[49,112699,84],{"class":63},[49,112701,97],{"class":80},[49,112703,100],{"class":63},[49,112705,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112707,2252],{"class":55},[49,112709,60],{"class":59},[49,112711,64],{"class":63},[49,112713,1725],{"class":80},[49,112715,84],{"class":63},[49,112717,2120],{"class":80},[49,112719,100],{"class":63},[49,112721,112722],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112723,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112725,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112727,72],{"class":55},[49,112729,109],{"class":63},[49,112731,29952],{"class":112},[49,112733,126],{"class":63},[49,112735,90],{"class":112},[49,112737,335],{"class":63},[49,112739,112740],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,112741,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,112745,123],{"class":122},[49,112747,126],{"class":63},[49,112749,72],{"class":112},[49,112751,131],{"class":63},[49,112753,111745],{"class":134},[20,112755,1762,112756,112758],{},[15,112757,102307],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112760,112761,112762,109],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[72,112763,3247,112764,1571],{"href":98027},[15,112765,96822],{},[35,112767,4192],{"id":4191},[591,112769,1392,112771,112773],{"id":112770},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112772,102307],{}," to change the original set",[20,112775,81332],{},[40,112777,112779],{"className":42,"code":112778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112780,112781,112797,112813,112817,112831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112782,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112784,2224],{"class":55},[49,112786,60],{"class":59},[49,112788,64],{"class":63},[49,112790,2659],{"class":80},[49,112792,84],{"class":63},[49,112794,97],{"class":80},[49,112796,100],{"class":63},[49,112798,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112800,2252],{"class":55},[49,112802,60],{"class":59},[49,112804,64],{"class":63},[49,112806,1725],{"class":80},[49,112808,84],{"class":63},[49,112810,2120],{"class":80},[49,112812,100],{"class":63},[49,112814,112815],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112816,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112818,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112820,72],{"class":55},[49,112822,109],{"class":63},[49,112824,110777],{"class":112},[49,112826,126],{"class":63},[49,112828,90],{"class":112},[49,112830,335],{"class":63},[49,112832,112833,112835,112837,112839],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,112834,123],{"class":122},[49,112836,126],{"class":63},[49,112838,72],{"class":112},[49,112840,335],{"class":63},[20,112842,573],{},[40,112844,112845],{"className":42,"code":100015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,112846,112847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112848,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112850,8949],{"class":63},[49,112852,2659],{"class":80},[49,112854,84],{"class":63},[49,112856,97],{"class":80},[49,112858,100],{"class":63},[20,112860,8170,112861,112863],{},[15,112862,102307],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112865,112866],{},"Fix it like this:",[40,112868,112870],{"className":42,"code":112869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112871,112872,112888,112904,112908,112926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112873,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112875,2224],{"class":55},[49,112877,60],{"class":59},[49,112879,64],{"class":63},[49,112881,2659],{"class":80},[49,112883,84],{"class":63},[49,112885,97],{"class":80},[49,112887,100],{"class":63},[49,112889,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112891,2252],{"class":55},[49,112893,60],{"class":59},[49,112895,64],{"class":63},[49,112897,1725],{"class":80},[49,112899,84],{"class":63},[49,112901,2120],{"class":80},[49,112903,100],{"class":63},[49,112905,112906],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112907,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112909,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112911,2224],{"class":55},[49,112913,60],{"class":59},[49,112915,56390],{"class":55},[49,112917,109],{"class":63},[49,112919,110777],{"class":112},[49,112921,126],{"class":63},[49,112923,90],{"class":112},[49,112925,335],{"class":63},[49,112927,112928,112930,112932,112934],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,112929,123],{"class":122},[49,112931,126],{"class":63},[49,112933,72],{"class":112},[49,112935,335],{"class":63},[591,112937,112939],{"id":112938},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112941,112942],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[40,112944,112946],{"className":42,"code":112945,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112947,112948,112964,112980,112984],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112949,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112951,2224],{"class":55},[49,112953,60],{"class":59},[49,112955,64],{"class":63},[49,112957,1731],{"class":80},[49,112959,84],{"class":63},[49,112961,81],{"class":80},[49,112963,100],{"class":63},[49,112965,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,112967,2252],{"class":55},[49,112969,60],{"class":59},[49,112971,64],{"class":63},[49,112973,1725],{"class":80},[49,112975,84],{"class":63},[49,112977,2126],{"class":80},[49,112979,100],{"class":63},[49,112981,112982],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,112983,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,112985,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996,112998,113000],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,112987,123],{"class":122},[49,112989,126],{"class":63},[49,112991,72],{"class":112},[49,112993,109],{"class":63},[49,112995,110777],{"class":112},[49,112997,126],{"class":63},[49,112999,90],{"class":112},[49,113001,1436],{"class":63},[20,113003,113004],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[591,113006,113008],{"id":113007},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[40,113010,113012],{"className":42,"code":113011,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113013,113014,113030,113052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113015,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113017,3742],{"class":55},[49,113019,60],{"class":59},[49,113021,64],{"class":63},[49,113023,68],{"class":67},[49,113025,57630],{"class":71},[49,113027,68],{"class":67},[49,113029,100],{"class":63},[49,113031,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113033,534],{"class":55},[49,113035,60],{"class":59},[49,113037,5841],{"class":55},[49,113039,109],{"class":63},[49,113041,110777],{"class":112},[49,113043,126],{"class":63},[49,113045,68],{"class":67},[49,113047,36541],{"class":71},[49,113049,68],{"class":67},[49,113051,335],{"class":63},[49,113053,113054,113056,113058,113060],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113055,123],{"class":122},[49,113057,126],{"class":63},[49,113059,558],{"class":112},[49,113061,335],{"class":63},[20,113063,113064,113065,1858,113067,16553,113069,113071,113072,113074],{},"This adds ",[15,113066,65986],{},[15,113068,17578],{},[15,113070,112560],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113073,112544],{}," as one item.",[20,113076,113077],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[40,113079,113081],{"className":42,"code":113080,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113082,113083,113099,113121],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113084,113085,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095,113097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113086,3742],{"class":55},[49,113088,60],{"class":59},[49,113090,64],{"class":63},[49,113092,68],{"class":67},[49,113094,57630],{"class":71},[49,113096,68],{"class":67},[49,113098,100],{"class":63},[49,113100,113101,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115,113117,113119],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113102,534],{"class":55},[49,113104,60],{"class":59},[49,113106,5841],{"class":55},[49,113108,109],{"class":63},[49,113110,110777],{"class":112},[49,113112,2656],{"class":63},[49,113114,68],{"class":67},[49,113116,36541],{"class":71},[49,113118,68],{"class":67},[49,113120,3561],{"class":63},[49,113122,113123,113125,113127,113129],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113124,123],{"class":122},[49,113126,126],{"class":63},[49,113128,558],{"class":112},[49,113130,335],{"class":63},[591,113132,113134],{"id":113133},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113136,2506],{},[40,113138,113140],{"className":42,"code":113139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113141,113142],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113143,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113145,15108],{"class":55},[49,113147,60],{"class":59},[49,113149,64],{"class":63},[49,113151,2659],{"class":80},[49,113153,84],{"class":63},[49,113155,97],{"class":80},[49,113157,84],{"class":63},[49,113159,3296],{"class":63},[49,113161,1731],{"class":80},[49,113163,84],{"class":63},[49,113165,2126],{"class":80},[49,113167,13184],{"class":63},[20,113169,113170],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113172,113173,113174,77],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113175,102307],{},[40,113177,113179],{"className":42,"code":113178,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113180,113181,113197,113219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113182,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113184,15108],{"class":55},[49,113186,60],{"class":59},[49,113188,64],{"class":63},[49,113190,2659],{"class":80},[49,113192,84],{"class":63},[49,113194,97],{"class":80},[49,113196,100],{"class":63},[49,113198,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113200,534],{"class":55},[49,113202,60],{"class":59},[49,113204,96432],{"class":55},[49,113206,109],{"class":63},[49,113208,110777],{"class":112},[49,113210,2656],{"class":63},[49,113212,1731],{"class":80},[49,113214,84],{"class":63},[49,113216,2126],{"class":80},[49,113218,3561],{"class":63},[49,113220,113221,113223,113225,113227],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113222,123],{"class":122},[49,113224,126],{"class":63},[49,113226,558],{"class":112},[49,113228,335],{"class":63},[35,113230,113232],{"id":113231},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113234,113235],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[155,113237,113238,113244,113251,113254],{},[158,113239,113240,113241,113243],{},"call ",[15,113242,102307],{}," without saving the returned set",[158,113245,113246,113247,8379,113249],{},"confuse ",[15,113248,102307],{},[15,113250,14433],{},[158,113252,113253],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[158,113255,113256],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113258,113259,113260,1017,113264,109],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[72,113261,3247,113262,1571],{"href":102296},[15,113263,106081],{},[72,113265,3247,113267,1571],{"href":113266},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113268,99927],{},[20,113270,61799],{},[40,113272,113274],{"className":42,"code":113273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113275,113276,113286,113300,113310],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113277,113278,113280,113282,113284],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113279,123],{"class":122},[49,113281,126],{"class":63},[49,113283,15146],{"class":112},[49,113285,335],{"class":63},[49,113287,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113289,123],{"class":122},[49,113291,126],{"class":63},[49,113293,1429],{"class":1428},[49,113295,126],{"class":63},[49,113297,15146],{"class":112},[49,113299,1436],{"class":63},[49,113301,113302,113304,113306,113308],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113303,123],{"class":122},[49,113305,126],{"class":63},[49,113307,558],{"class":112},[49,113309,335],{"class":63},[49,113311,113312,113314,113316,113318,113320,113322],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,113313,31641],{"class":122},[49,113315,126],{"class":63},[49,113317,5960],{"class":1428},[49,113319,109],{"class":63},[49,113321,110777],{"class":24235},[49,113323,335],{"class":63},[35,113325,1498],{"id":1497},[591,113327,1502,113329,102247],{"id":113328},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113330,107551],{},[20,113332,102250],{},[591,113334,4842,113336,113338],{"id":113335},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113337,102307],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113340,113341],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[591,113343,27815,113345,113347],{"id":113344},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113346,102307],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113349,41649,113350,113352],{},[15,113351,102307],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[591,113354,113356],{"id":113355},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113358,113359],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[591,113361,1524,113363,1017,113365,1529],{"id":113362},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113364,102307],{},[15,113366,113367],{},"|",[20,113369,113370,113371,113373,113374,113376],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113372,113367],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113375,102307],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[35,113378,1550],{"id":1549},[155,113380,113381,113385,113391,113397,113403],{},[158,113382,113383],{},[72,113384,95836],{"href":97007},[158,113386,113387],{},[72,113388,3247,113389,1571],{"href":98027},[15,113390,96822],{},[158,113392,113393],{},[72,113394,3247,113395,1571],{"href":102296},[15,113396,106081],{},[158,113398,113399],{},[72,113400,3247,113401,1571],{"href":113266},[15,113402,99927],{},[158,113404,113405],{},[72,113406,99852],{"href":98585},[1597,113408,113409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":113411},[113412,113413,113415,113416,113417,113418,113420,113426,113431,113438,113439,113450],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":111507,"depth":103,"text":113414},"What set.union() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":21453,"depth":103,"text":21454},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":111994,"depth":103,"text":113419},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112152,"depth":103,"text":113421,"children":113422},"Using union() with other iterables",[113423,113424,113425],{"id":112163,"depth":119,"text":112164},{"id":112283,"depth":119,"text":112284},{"id":112425,"depth":119,"text":112426},{"id":112563,"depth":103,"text":113427,"children":113428},"union() vs update()",[113429,113430],{"id":110777,"depth":119,"text":102307},{"id":29952,"depth":119,"text":14433},{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":113432},[113433,113435,113436,113437],{"id":112770,"depth":119,"text":113434},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112938,"depth":119,"text":112939},{"id":113007,"depth":119,"text":113008},{"id":113133,"depth":119,"text":113134},{"id":113231,"depth":103,"text":113232},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":113440},[113441,113443,113445,113447,113448],{"id":113328,"depth":119,"text":113442},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113335,"depth":119,"text":113444},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113344,"depth":119,"text":113446},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113355,"depth":119,"text":113356},{"id":113362,"depth":119,"text":113449},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111387,"description":113451},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113457,"title":113458,"body":113459,"description":115348,"extension":1632,"meta":115349,"navigation":312,"path":96321,"seo":115350,"stem":115351,"__hash__":115352},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113460,"toc":115314},[113461,113466,113471,113479,113481,113539,113544,113549,113553,113565,113568,113642,113647,113649,113651,113670,113672,113689,113692,113719,113721,113791,113795,113797,113803,113805,113866,113871,113873,113930,113934,113939,114004,114006,114026,114033,114037,114042,114127,114130,114137,114240,114244,114249,114307,114310,114321,114335,114342,114400,114407,114410,114420,114424,114482,114486,114552,114555,114613,114620,114627,114630,114634,114643,114712,114716,114722,114810,114820,114824,114828,114832,114835,114896,114901,114958,114962,114964,114999,115006,115008,115062,115069,115073,115076,115141,115150,115156,115213,115215,115220,115224,115228,115231,115238,115246,115250,115255,115259,115265,115267,115302,115311],[10,113462,95708,113464,18],{"id":113463},"python-set-update-method",[15,113465,14433],{},[20,113467,113468,113470],{},[15,113469,96822],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113472,113473,113474,113478],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[72,113475,113476],{"href":98008},[15,113477,95716],{},", which adds only one item.",[35,113480,3281],{"id":3280},[40,113482,113484],{"className":42,"code":113483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113485,113486,113502,113524,113534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113487,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113489,3291],{"class":55},[49,113491,60],{"class":59},[49,113493,64],{"class":63},[49,113495,2659],{"class":80},[49,113497,84],{"class":63},[49,113499,97],{"class":80},[49,113501,100],{"class":63},[49,113503,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516,113518,113520,113522],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113505,3323],{"class":55},[49,113507,109],{"class":63},[49,113509,29952],{"class":112},[49,113511,2656],{"class":63},[49,113513,1725],{"class":80},[49,113515,84],{"class":63},[49,113517,2120],{"class":80},[49,113519,84],{"class":63},[49,113521,2126],{"class":80},[49,113523,3561],{"class":63},[49,113525,113526,113528,113530,113532],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113527,123],{"class":122},[49,113529,126],{"class":63},[49,113531,3323],{"class":112},[49,113533,335],{"class":63},[49,113535,113536],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,113537,113538],{"class":134},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113540,1762,113541,113543],{},[15,113542,14433],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[35,113545,144,113547,147],{"id":113546},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113548,96822],{},[20,113550,113551,77],{},[15,113552,96822],{},[155,113554,113555,113558,113560,113563],{},[158,113556,113557],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[158,113559,95823],{},[158,113561,113562],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[158,113564,95826],{},[20,113566,113567],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[40,113569,113571],{"className":42,"code":113570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113572,113573,113597,113623,113627,113637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113574,113575,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591,113593,113595],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113576,12553],{"class":55},[49,113578,60],{"class":59},[49,113580,64],{"class":63},[49,113582,68],{"class":67},[49,113584,12570],{"class":71},[49,113586,68],{"class":67},[49,113588,84],{"class":63},[49,113590,87],{"class":67},[49,113592,12587],{"class":71},[49,113594,68],{"class":67},[49,113596,100],{"class":63},[49,113598,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113600,16984],{"class":55},[49,113602,109],{"class":63},[49,113604,29952],{"class":112},[49,113606,2656],{"class":63},[49,113608,68],{"class":67},[49,113610,12587],{"class":71},[49,113612,68],{"class":67},[49,113614,84],{"class":63},[49,113616,87],{"class":67},[49,113618,16937],{"class":71},[49,113620,68],{"class":67},[49,113622,3561],{"class":63},[49,113624,113625],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113626,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,113628,113629,113631,113633,113635],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,113630,123],{"class":122},[49,113632,126],{"class":63},[49,113634,16984],{"class":112},[49,113636,335],{"class":63},[49,113638,113639],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,113640,113641],{"class":134},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113643,20461,113644,113646],{},[15,113645,110542],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[35,113648,189],{"id":188},[20,113650,6889],{},[40,113652,113654],{"className":42,"code":113653,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113655,113656],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113657,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113659,15146],{"class":55},[49,113661,109],{"class":63},[49,113663,29952],{"class":112},[49,113665,126],{"class":63},[49,113667,3394],{"class":112},[49,113669,335],{"class":63},[20,113671,79708],{},[155,113673,113674,113677,113680,113683,113686],{},[158,113675,113676],{},"A list",[158,113678,113679],{},"A tuple",[158,113681,113682],{},"Another set",[158,113684,113685],{},"A string",[158,113687,113688],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113690,113691],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[40,113693,113695],{"className":42,"code":113694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113696,113697],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113698,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113700,15146],{"class":55},[49,113702,109],{"class":63},[49,113704,29952],{"class":112},[49,113706,126],{"class":63},[49,113708,72],{"class":112},[49,113710,84],{"class":63},[49,113712,2229],{"class":112},[49,113714,84],{"class":63},[49,113716,9348],{"class":112},[49,113718,335],{"class":63},[20,113720,1244],{},[40,113722,113724],{"className":42,"code":113723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113725,113726,113738,113772,113776,113786],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113727,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113729,3495],{"class":55},[49,113731,60],{"class":59},[49,113733,64],{"class":63},[49,113735,2659],{"class":80},[49,113737,100],{"class":63},[49,113739,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768,113770],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113741,5031],{"class":55},[49,113743,109],{"class":63},[49,113745,29952],{"class":112},[49,113747,2656],{"class":63},[49,113749,1725],{"class":80},[49,113751,84],{"class":63},[49,113753,2120],{"class":80},[49,113755,17544],{"class":63},[49,113757,8907],{"class":63},[49,113759,2174],{"class":80},[49,113761,84],{"class":63},[49,113763,4279],{"class":80},[49,113765,8904],{"class":63},[49,113767,64],{"class":63},[49,113769,80099],{"class":80},[49,113771,29984],{"class":63},[49,113773,113774],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113775,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,113777,113778,113780,113782,113784],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,113779,123],{"class":122},[49,113781,126],{"class":63},[49,113783,5031],{"class":112},[49,113785,335],{"class":63},[49,113787,113788],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,113789,113790],{"class":134},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113792,95832,113793,109],{},[72,113794,95840],{"href":97391},[35,113796,21454],{"id":21453},[20,113798,113799,480,113801,109],{},[15,113800,96822],{},[15,113802,169],{},[20,113804,485],{},[40,113806,113808],{"className":42,"code":113807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113809,113810,113826,113848,113852,113862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113811,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820,113822,113824],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113813,3291],{"class":55},[49,113815,60],{"class":59},[49,113817,64],{"class":63},[49,113819,2659],{"class":80},[49,113821,84],{"class":63},[49,113823,97],{"class":80},[49,113825,100],{"class":63},[49,113827,113828,113830,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113829,534],{"class":55},[49,113831,60],{"class":59},[49,113833,3936],{"class":55},[49,113835,109],{"class":63},[49,113837,29952],{"class":112},[49,113839,2656],{"class":63},[49,113841,1731],{"class":80},[49,113843,84],{"class":63},[49,113845,2126],{"class":80},[49,113847,3561],{"class":63},[49,113849,113850],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113851,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,113853,113854,113856,113858,113860],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,113855,123],{"class":122},[49,113857,126],{"class":63},[49,113859,558],{"class":112},[49,113861,335],{"class":63},[49,113863,113864],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,113865,61335],{"class":134},[20,113867,113868,113869,109],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113870,558],{},[20,113872,18451],{},[40,113874,113876],{"className":42,"code":113875,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113877,113878,113894,113912,113916,113926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113879,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890,113892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113881,3291],{"class":55},[49,113883,60],{"class":59},[49,113885,64],{"class":63},[49,113887,2659],{"class":80},[49,113889,84],{"class":63},[49,113891,97],{"class":80},[49,113893,100],{"class":63},[49,113895,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906,113908,113910],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113897,3323],{"class":55},[49,113899,109],{"class":63},[49,113901,29952],{"class":112},[49,113903,2656],{"class":63},[49,113905,1731],{"class":80},[49,113907,84],{"class":63},[49,113909,2126],{"class":80},[49,113911,3561],{"class":63},[49,113913,113914],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113915,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,113917,113918,113920,113922,113924],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,113919,123],{"class":122},[49,113921,126],{"class":63},[49,113923,3323],{"class":112},[49,113925,335],{"class":63},[49,113927,113928],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,113929,113538],{"class":134},[35,113931,113933],{"id":113932},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113935,113936,113937,109],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113938,14433],{},[40,113940,113942],{"className":42,"code":113941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113943,113944,113960,113986,113990,114000],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113945,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113947,3291],{"class":55},[49,113949,60],{"class":59},[49,113951,64],{"class":63},[49,113953,2659],{"class":80},[49,113955,84],{"class":63},[49,113957,97],{"class":80},[49,113959,100],{"class":63},[49,113961,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976,113978,113980,113982,113984],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,113963,3323],{"class":55},[49,113965,109],{"class":63},[49,113967,29952],{"class":112},[49,113969,2656],{"class":63},[49,113971,1725],{"class":80},[49,113973,84],{"class":63},[49,113975,2120],{"class":80},[49,113977,84],{"class":63},[49,113979,2126],{"class":80},[49,113981,84],{"class":63},[49,113983,2126],{"class":80},[49,113985,3561],{"class":63},[49,113987,113988],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,113989,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,113991,113992,113994,113996,113998],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,113993,123],{"class":122},[49,113995,126],{"class":63},[49,113997,3323],{"class":112},[49,113999,335],{"class":63},[49,114001,114002],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114003,113538],{"class":134},[20,114005,453],{},[155,114007,114008,114013,114020],{},[158,114009,114010,114012],{},[15,114011,1725],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[158,114014,114015,1017,114017,114019],{},[15,114016,1731],{},[15,114018,2174],{}," are added",[158,114021,114022,114023,114025],{},"The second ",[15,114024,2174],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114027,114028,114029,114032],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[72,114030,114031],{"href":98585},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[35,114034,114036],{"id":114035},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114038,7434,114039,114041],{},[15,114040,14433],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[40,114043,114045],{"className":42,"code":114044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114046,114047,114068,114089,114093,114109,114113,114123],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114048,114049,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114050,114051],{"class":55},"set_a ",[49,114053,60],{"class":59},[49,114055,64],{"class":63},[49,114057,2659],{"class":80},[49,114059,84],{"class":63},[49,114061,97],{"class":80},[49,114063,84],{"class":63},[49,114065,2120],{"class":80},[49,114067,100],{"class":63},[49,114069,114070,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114071,114072],{"class":55},"set_b ",[49,114074,60],{"class":59},[49,114076,64],{"class":63},[49,114078,1731],{"class":80},[49,114080,84],{"class":63},[49,114082,2126],{"class":80},[49,114084,84],{"class":63},[49,114086,4279],{"class":80},[49,114088,100],{"class":63},[49,114090,114091],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114092,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114094,114095,114098,114100,114102,114104,114107],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114096,114097],{"class":55},"set_a",[49,114099,109],{"class":63},[49,114101,29952],{"class":112},[49,114103,126],{"class":63},[49,114105,114106],{"class":112},"set_b",[49,114108,335],{"class":63},[49,114110,114111],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114112,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114114,114115,114117,114119,114121],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,114116,123],{"class":122},[49,114118,126],{"class":63},[49,114120,114097],{"class":112},[49,114122,335],{"class":63},[49,114124,114125],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,114126,111499],{"class":134},[20,114128,114129],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114131,114132,114133,109],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[72,114134,114135],{"href":102304},[15,114136,107551],{},[40,114138,114140],{"className":42,"code":114139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114141,114142,114162,114182,114186,114206,114210,114221,114225,114235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114143,114144,114146,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114145,114051],{"class":55},[49,114147,60],{"class":59},[49,114149,64],{"class":63},[49,114151,2659],{"class":80},[49,114153,84],{"class":63},[49,114155,97],{"class":80},[49,114157,84],{"class":63},[49,114159,2120],{"class":80},[49,114161,100],{"class":63},[49,114163,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114165,114072],{"class":55},[49,114167,60],{"class":59},[49,114169,64],{"class":63},[49,114171,1731],{"class":80},[49,114173,84],{"class":63},[49,114175,2126],{"class":80},[49,114177,84],{"class":63},[49,114179,4279],{"class":80},[49,114181,100],{"class":63},[49,114183,114184],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114185,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114187,114188,114191,114193,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114189,114190],{"class":55},"combined ",[49,114192,60],{"class":59},[49,114194,114195],{"class":55}," set_a",[49,114197,109],{"class":63},[49,114199,110777],{"class":112},[49,114201,126],{"class":63},[49,114203,114106],{"class":112},[49,114205,335],{"class":63},[49,114207,114208],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114209,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114211,114212,114214,114216,114219],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,114213,123],{"class":122},[49,114215,126],{"class":63},[49,114217,114218],{"class":112},"combined",[49,114220,335],{"class":63},[49,114222,114223],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,114224,111499],{"class":134},[49,114226,114227,114229,114231,114233],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,114228,123],{"class":122},[49,114230,126],{"class":63},[49,114232,114097],{"class":112},[49,114234,335],{"class":63},[49,114236,114237],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,114238,114239],{"class":134},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[35,114241,114243],{"id":114242},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114245,64244,114246,114248],{},[15,114247,14433],{}," adds each character separately.",[40,114250,114252],{"className":42,"code":114251,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114253,114254,114270,114288,114292,114302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114255,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114257,35583],{"class":55},[49,114259,60],{"class":59},[49,114261,64],{"class":63},[49,114263,68],{"class":67},[49,114265,504],{"class":71},[49,114267,68],{"class":67},[49,114269,100],{"class":63},[49,114271,114272,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114273,35636],{"class":55},[49,114275,109],{"class":63},[49,114277,29952],{"class":112},[49,114279,126],{"class":63},[49,114281,68],{"class":67},[49,114283,36541],{"class":71},[49,114285,68],{"class":67},[49,114287,335],{"class":63},[49,114289,114290],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114291,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114293,114294,114296,114298,114300],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114295,123],{"class":122},[49,114297,126],{"class":63},[49,114299,35636],{"class":112},[49,114301,335],{"class":63},[49,114303,114304],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114305,114306],{"class":134},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114308,114309],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114311,114312,13532,114315,114317,114318,114320],{},[15,114313,114314],{},"update(\"cat\")",[30,114316,600],{}," add ",[15,114319,112544],{}," as one item. It adds:",[155,114322,114323,114327,114331],{},[158,114324,114325],{},[15,114326,65986],{},[158,114328,114329],{},[15,114330,17578],{},[158,114332,114333],{},[15,114334,112560],{},[20,114336,114337,114338,77],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[72,114339,114340],{"href":98008},[15,114341,95716],{},[40,114343,114345],{"className":42,"code":114344,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114346,114347,114363,114381,114385,114395],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114348,114349,114351,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114350,3742],{"class":55},[49,114352,60],{"class":59},[49,114354,64],{"class":63},[49,114356,68],{"class":67},[49,114358,57630],{"class":71},[49,114360,68],{"class":67},[49,114362,100],{"class":63},[49,114364,114365,114367,114369,114371,114373,114375,114377,114379],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114366,3786],{"class":55},[49,114368,109],{"class":63},[49,114370,81611],{"class":112},[49,114372,126],{"class":63},[49,114374,68],{"class":67},[49,114376,36541],{"class":71},[49,114378,68],{"class":67},[49,114380,335],{"class":63},[49,114382,114383],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114384,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114386,114387,114389,114391,114393],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114388,123],{"class":122},[49,114390,126],{"class":63},[49,114392,3786],{"class":112},[49,114394,335],{"class":63},[49,114396,114397],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114398,114399],{"class":134},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[35,114401,114403,10249,114405],{"id":114402},"update-vs-add",[15,114404,14433],{},[15,114406,95711],{},[20,114408,114409],{},"The difference is simple:",[155,114411,114412,114416],{},[158,114413,114414,96310],{},[15,114415,95711],{},[158,114417,114418,96315],{},[15,114419,14433],{},[20,114421,45539,114422,77],{},[15,114423,95711],{},[40,114425,114427],{"className":42,"code":114426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114428,114429,114445,114463,114467,114477],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114430,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441,114443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114432,35732],{"class":55},[49,114434,60],{"class":59},[49,114436,64],{"class":63},[49,114438,68],{"class":67},[49,114440,3751],{"class":71},[49,114442,68],{"class":67},[49,114444,100],{"class":63},[49,114446,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459,114461],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114448,35784],{"class":55},[49,114450,109],{"class":63},[49,114452,81611],{"class":112},[49,114454,126],{"class":63},[49,114456,68],{"class":67},[49,114458,3760],{"class":71},[49,114460,68],{"class":67},[49,114462,335],{"class":63},[49,114464,114465],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114466,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114468,114469,114471,114473,114475],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114470,123],{"class":122},[49,114472,126],{"class":63},[49,114474,35784],{"class":112},[49,114476,335],{"class":63},[49,114478,114479],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114480,114481],{"class":134},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114483,45539,114484,77],{},[15,114485,14433],{},[40,114487,114489],{"className":42,"code":114488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114490,114491,114507,114533,114537,114547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114492,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114494,35732],{"class":55},[49,114496,60],{"class":59},[49,114498,64],{"class":63},[49,114500,68],{"class":67},[49,114502,3751],{"class":71},[49,114504,68],{"class":67},[49,114506,100],{"class":63},[49,114508,114509,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529,114531],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114510,35784],{"class":55},[49,114512,109],{"class":63},[49,114514,29952],{"class":112},[49,114516,2656],{"class":63},[49,114518,68],{"class":67},[49,114520,3760],{"class":71},[49,114522,68],{"class":67},[49,114524,84],{"class":63},[49,114526,87],{"class":67},[49,114528,32710],{"class":71},[49,114530,68],{"class":67},[49,114532,3561],{"class":63},[49,114534,114535],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114536,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114538,114539,114541,114543,114545],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114540,123],{"class":122},[49,114542,126],{"class":63},[49,114544,35784],{"class":112},[49,114546,335],{"class":63},[49,114548,114549],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114550,114551],{"class":134},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114553,114554],{},"Important warning with strings:",[40,114556,114558],{"className":42,"code":114557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114559,114560,114576,114594,114598,114608],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114561,114562,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114563,35732],{"class":55},[49,114565,60],{"class":59},[49,114567,64],{"class":63},[49,114569,68],{"class":67},[49,114571,3751],{"class":71},[49,114573,68],{"class":67},[49,114575,100],{"class":63},[49,114577,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586,114588,114590,114592],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114579,35784],{"class":55},[49,114581,109],{"class":63},[49,114583,29952],{"class":112},[49,114585,126],{"class":63},[49,114587,68],{"class":67},[49,114589,37836],{"class":71},[49,114591,68],{"class":67},[49,114593,335],{"class":63},[49,114595,114596],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114597,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114599,114600,114602,114604,114606],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114601,123],{"class":122},[49,114603,126],{"class":63},[49,114605,35784],{"class":112},[49,114607,335],{"class":63},[49,114609,114610],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114611,114612],{"class":134},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114614,61610,114615,61683,114618,6301],{},[15,114616,114617],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114619,95711],{},[35,114621,114623,10249,114625],{"id":114622},"update-vs-union",[15,114624,14433],{},[15,114626,102307],{},[20,114628,114629],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[591,114631,114632],{"id":29952},[15,114633,14433],{},[155,114635,114636,114639],{},[158,114637,114638],{},"Changes the existing set",[158,114640,166,114641],{},[15,114642,169],{},[40,114644,114646],{"className":42,"code":114645,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114647,114648,114664,114680,114684,114698,114708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114649,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114651,2224],{"class":55},[49,114653,60],{"class":59},[49,114655,64],{"class":63},[49,114657,2659],{"class":80},[49,114659,84],{"class":63},[49,114661,97],{"class":80},[49,114663,100],{"class":63},[49,114665,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114667,2252],{"class":55},[49,114669,60],{"class":59},[49,114671,64],{"class":63},[49,114673,1725],{"class":80},[49,114675,84],{"class":63},[49,114677,2120],{"class":80},[49,114679,100],{"class":63},[49,114681,114682],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114683,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114685,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114687,72],{"class":55},[49,114689,109],{"class":63},[49,114691,29952],{"class":112},[49,114693,126],{"class":63},[49,114695,90],{"class":112},[49,114697,335],{"class":63},[49,114699,114700,114702,114704,114706],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114701,123],{"class":122},[49,114703,126],{"class":63},[49,114705,72],{"class":112},[49,114707,335],{"class":63},[49,114709,114710],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,114711,114239],{"class":134},[591,114713,114714],{"id":110777},[15,114715,102307],{},[155,114717,114718,114720],{},[158,114719,100845],{},[158,114721,100848],{},[40,114723,114725],{"className":42,"code":114724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114726,114727,114743,114759,114763,114781,114791,114795,114805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114728,114729,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114730,2224],{"class":55},[49,114732,60],{"class":59},[49,114734,64],{"class":63},[49,114736,2659],{"class":80},[49,114738,84],{"class":63},[49,114740,97],{"class":80},[49,114742,100],{"class":63},[49,114744,114745,114747,114749,114751,114753,114755,114757],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114746,2252],{"class":55},[49,114748,60],{"class":59},[49,114750,64],{"class":63},[49,114752,1725],{"class":80},[49,114754,84],{"class":63},[49,114756,2120],{"class":80},[49,114758,100],{"class":63},[49,114760,114761],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114762,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114764,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775,114777,114779],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114766,82691],{"class":55},[49,114768,60],{"class":59},[49,114770,56390],{"class":55},[49,114772,109],{"class":63},[49,114774,110777],{"class":112},[49,114776,126],{"class":63},[49,114778,90],{"class":112},[49,114780,335],{"class":63},[49,114782,114783,114785,114787,114789],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114784,123],{"class":122},[49,114786,126],{"class":63},[49,114788,9406],{"class":112},[49,114790,335],{"class":63},[49,114792,114793],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,114794,114239],{"class":134},[49,114796,114797,114799,114801,114803],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,114798,123],{"class":122},[49,114800,126],{"class":63},[49,114802,72],{"class":112},[49,114804,335],{"class":63},[49,114806,114807],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,114808,114809],{"class":134},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114811,107193,114812,114814,114815,114819],{},[15,114813,14433],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[72,114816,114817],{"href":102304},[15,114818,102307],{}," when you want a new set.",[35,114821,114823],{"id":114822},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114825,1379,114826,109],{},[15,114827,96822],{},[591,114829,114831],{"id":114830},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114833,114834],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[40,114836,114838],{"className":42,"code":114837,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114839,114840,114856,114878,114882,114892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114841,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114843,15108],{"class":55},[49,114845,60],{"class":59},[49,114847,64],{"class":63},[49,114849,2659],{"class":80},[49,114851,84],{"class":63},[49,114853,97],{"class":80},[49,114855,100],{"class":63},[49,114857,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114859,534],{"class":55},[49,114861,60],{"class":59},[49,114863,96432],{"class":55},[49,114865,109],{"class":63},[49,114867,29952],{"class":112},[49,114869,2656],{"class":63},[49,114871,1731],{"class":80},[49,114873,84],{"class":63},[49,114875,2126],{"class":80},[49,114877,3561],{"class":63},[49,114879,114880],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114881,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114883,114884,114886,114888,114890],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114885,123],{"class":122},[49,114887,126],{"class":63},[49,114889,558],{"class":112},[49,114891,335],{"class":63},[49,114893,114894],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114895,61335],{"class":134},[20,114897,114898,114899,77],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114900,14433],{},[40,114902,114904],{"className":42,"code":114903,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114905,114906,114922,114940,114944,114954],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916,114918,114920],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114909,15108],{"class":55},[49,114911,60],{"class":59},[49,114913,64],{"class":63},[49,114915,2659],{"class":80},[49,114917,84],{"class":63},[49,114919,97],{"class":80},[49,114921,100],{"class":63},[49,114923,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932,114934,114936,114938],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114925,15146],{"class":55},[49,114927,109],{"class":63},[49,114929,29952],{"class":112},[49,114931,2656],{"class":63},[49,114933,1731],{"class":80},[49,114935,84],{"class":63},[49,114937,2126],{"class":80},[49,114939,3561],{"class":63},[49,114941,114942],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,114943,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,114945,114946,114948,114950,114952],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,114947,123],{"class":122},[49,114949,126],{"class":63},[49,114951,15146],{"class":112},[49,114953,335],{"class":63},[49,114955,114956],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,114957,113538],{"class":134},[591,114959,114961],{"id":114960},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114963,2506],{},[40,114965,114967],{"className":42,"code":114966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114968,114969,114985],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114970,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981,114983],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114972,15108],{"class":55},[49,114974,60],{"class":59},[49,114976,64],{"class":63},[49,114978,2659],{"class":80},[49,114980,84],{"class":63},[49,114982,97],{"class":80},[49,114984,100],{"class":63},[49,114986,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,114988,15146],{"class":55},[49,114990,109],{"class":63},[49,114992,29952],{"class":112},[49,114994,126],{"class":63},[49,114996,1807],{"class":80},[49,114998,335],{"class":63},[20,115000,61789,115001,8276,115003,115005],{},[15,115002,2676],{},[15,115004,1807],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115007,6224],{},[40,115009,115011],{"className":42,"code":115010,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115012,115013,115029,115043,115047,115057],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115014,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115016,15108],{"class":55},[49,115018,60],{"class":59},[49,115020,64],{"class":63},[49,115022,2659],{"class":80},[49,115024,84],{"class":63},[49,115026,97],{"class":80},[49,115028,100],{"class":63},[49,115030,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039,115041],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,115032,15146],{"class":55},[49,115034,109],{"class":63},[49,115036,29952],{"class":112},[49,115038,2656],{"class":63},[49,115040,1807],{"class":80},[49,115042,3561],{"class":63},[49,115044,115045],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,115046,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115048,115049,115051,115053,115055],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,115050,123],{"class":122},[49,115052,126],{"class":63},[49,115054,15146],{"class":112},[49,115056,335],{"class":63},[49,115058,115059],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,115060,115061],{"class":134},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115063,45412,115064,109],{},[72,115065,25165,115066],{"href":52101},[15,115067,115068],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[591,115070,115072],{"id":115071},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115074,115075],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[40,115077,115079],{"className":42,"code":115078,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115080,115081,115097,115123,115127,115137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115082,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115084,15108],{"class":55},[49,115086,60],{"class":59},[49,115088,64],{"class":63},[49,115090,2659],{"class":80},[49,115092,84],{"class":63},[49,115094,97],{"class":80},[49,115096,100],{"class":63},[49,115098,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,115100,15146],{"class":55},[49,115102,109],{"class":63},[49,115104,29952],{"class":112},[49,115106,2656],{"class":63},[49,115108,1725],{"class":80},[49,115110,84],{"class":63},[49,115112,97],{"class":80},[49,115114,84],{"class":63},[49,115116,97],{"class":80},[49,115118,84],{"class":63},[49,115120,2120],{"class":80},[49,115122,3561],{"class":63},[49,115124,115125],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,115126,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115128,115129,115131,115133,115135],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,115130,123],{"class":122},[49,115132,126],{"class":63},[49,115134,15146],{"class":112},[49,115136,335],{"class":63},[49,115138,115139],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,115140,114239],{"class":134},[591,115142,115144,115145,44128,115147,115149],{"id":115143},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115146,14433],{},[15,115148,95711],{}," is better",[20,115151,115152,115153,115155],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115154,95711],{}," is usually the better choice.",[40,115157,115159],{"className":42,"code":115158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115160,115161,115177,115195,115199,115209],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115162,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115164,15108],{"class":55},[49,115166,60],{"class":59},[49,115168,64],{"class":63},[49,115170,68],{"class":67},[49,115172,57630],{"class":71},[49,115174,68],{"class":67},[49,115176,100],{"class":63},[49,115178,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,115180,15146],{"class":55},[49,115182,109],{"class":63},[49,115184,81611],{"class":112},[49,115186,126],{"class":63},[49,115188,68],{"class":67},[49,115190,36541],{"class":71},[49,115192,68],{"class":67},[49,115194,335],{"class":63},[49,115196,115197],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,115198,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115200,115201,115203,115205,115207],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,115202,123],{"class":122},[49,115204,126],{"class":63},[49,115206,15146],{"class":112},[49,115208,335],{"class":63},[49,115210,115211],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,115212,114399],{"class":134},[35,115214,1498],{"id":1497},[591,115216,1502,115218,96801],{"id":115217},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115219,96822],{},[20,115221,96804,115222,109],{},[15,115223,169],{},[591,115225,27815,115226,31715],{"id":31712},[15,115227,14433],{},[20,115229,115230],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[591,115232,1524,115234,1017,115236,1529],{"id":115233},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115235,95711],{},[15,115237,14433],{},[20,115239,115240,115242,115243,115245],{},[15,115241,95711],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115244,14433],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[591,115247,115249],{"id":115248},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115251,115252,115253,114248],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115254,14433],{},[591,115256,115258],{"id":115257},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115260,1762,115261,10754,115263,109],{},[15,115262,102307],{},[15,115264,14433],{},[35,115266,1550],{"id":1549},[155,115268,115269,115276,115283,115289,115295],{},[158,115270,115271],{},[72,115272,115273],{"href":98008},[15,115274,115275],{},"Python set add() method",[158,115277,115278],{},[72,115279,115280],{"href":102304},[15,115281,115282],{},"Python set union() method",[158,115284,115285],{},[72,115286,115287],{"href":97391},[15,115288,96846],{},[158,115290,115291],{},[72,115292,115293],{"href":98585},[15,115294,99852],{},[158,115296,115297],{},[72,115298,115299,115301],{"href":52101},[15,115300,115068],{}," fix",[20,115303,115304,115305,115307,115308,115310],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115306,95716],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115309,107551],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1597,115312,115313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":115315},[115316,115317,115319,115320,115321,115322,115323,115324,115326,115331,115338,115347],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":113546,"depth":103,"text":115318},"What set.update() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":21453,"depth":103,"text":21454},{"id":113932,"depth":103,"text":113933},{"id":114035,"depth":103,"text":114036},{"id":114242,"depth":103,"text":114243},{"id":114402,"depth":103,"text":115325},"update() vs add()",{"id":114622,"depth":103,"text":115327,"children":115328},"update() vs union()",[115329,115330],{"id":29952,"depth":119,"text":14433},{"id":110777,"depth":119,"text":102307},{"id":114822,"depth":103,"text":114823,"children":115332},[115333,115334,115335,115336],{"id":114830,"depth":119,"text":114831},{"id":114960,"depth":119,"text":114961},{"id":115071,"depth":119,"text":115072},{"id":115143,"depth":119,"text":115337},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":115339},[115340,115342,115343,115345,115346],{"id":115217,"depth":119,"text":115341},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31712,"depth":119,"text":31785},{"id":115233,"depth":119,"text":115344},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115248,"depth":119,"text":115249},{"id":115257,"depth":119,"text":115258},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113458,"description":115348},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115354,"title":115355,"body":115356,"description":117122,"extension":1632,"meta":117123,"navigation":312,"path":13268,"seo":117124,"stem":117125,"__hash__":117126},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115357,"toc":117097},[115358,115361,115364,115367,115378,115386,115389,115391,115540,115552,115556,115573,115577,115585,115587,115598,115600,115697,115703,115706,115802,115811,115816,115820,115825,115827,115837,115839,115948,115956,115960,115963,115966,115983,115989,116069,116072,116076,116079,116083,116086,116145,116148,116152,116155,116247,116251,116254,116361,116365,116371,116399,116401,116483,116493,116497,116500,116511,116514,116599,116602,116607,116611,116614,116625,116628,116770,116773,116777,116780,116794,116797,116858,116864,116866,116869,116891,116894,116994,116997,117029,117031,117035,117038,117040,117043,117047,117050,117054,117057,117061,117064,117066,117094],[10,115359,115355],{"id":115360},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115362,115363],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115365,115366],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[155,115368,115369,115372,115375],{},[158,115370,115371],{},"a list inside another list",[158,115373,115374],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[158,115376,115377],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115379,99774,115380,1017,115382,115385],{},[30,115381,12327],{},[30,115383,115384],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115387,115388],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[35,115390,38],{"id":37},[40,115392,115394],{"className":42,"code":115393,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115395,115396,115403,115407,115433,115453,115473,115477,115495,115499,115512,115526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115397,115398,115400],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115399,34582],{"class":973},[49,115401,115402],{"class":55}," copy\n",[49,115404,115405],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,115406,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115408,115409,115411,115413,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425,115427,115429,115431],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,115410,865],{"class":55},[49,115412,60],{"class":59},[49,115414,55796],{"class":63},[49,115416,2659],{"class":80},[49,115418,84],{"class":63},[49,115420,97],{"class":80},[49,115422,17544],{"class":63},[49,115424,3296],{"class":63},[49,115426,1731],{"class":80},[49,115428,84],{"class":63},[49,115430,2126],{"class":80},[49,115432,52744],{"class":63},[49,115434,115435,115438,115440,115443,115445,115447,115449,115451],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,115436,115437],{"class":55},"shallow ",[49,115439,60],{"class":59},[49,115441,115442],{"class":55}," copy",[49,115444,109],{"class":63},[49,115446,12388],{"class":112},[49,115448,126],{"class":63},[49,115450,912],{"class":112},[49,115452,335],{"class":63},[49,115454,115455,115458,115460,115462,115464,115467,115469,115471],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,115456,115457],{"class":55},"deep ",[49,115459,60],{"class":59},[49,115461,115442],{"class":55},[49,115463,109],{"class":63},[49,115465,115466],{"class":112},"deepcopy",[49,115468,126],{"class":63},[49,115470,912],{"class":112},[49,115472,335],{"class":63},[49,115474,115475],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,115476,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115478,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489,115491,115493],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,115480,912],{"class":55},[49,115482,3573],{"class":63},[49,115484,1790],{"class":80},[49,115486,13028],{"class":63},[49,115488,13031],{"class":112},[49,115490,126],{"class":63},[49,115492,55849],{"class":80},[49,115494,335],{"class":63},[49,115496,115497],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,115498,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115500,115501,115503,115505,115507,115509],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,115502,123],{"class":122},[49,115504,126],{"class":63},[49,115506,912],{"class":112},[49,115508,131],{"class":63},[49,115510,115511],{"class":134},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,115513,115514,115516,115518,115521,115523],{"class":51,"line":355},[49,115515,123],{"class":122},[49,115517,126],{"class":63},[49,115519,115520],{"class":112},"shallow",[49,115522,131],{"class":63},[49,115524,115525],{"class":134},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,115527,115528,115530,115532,115535,115537],{"class":51,"line":360},[49,115529,123],{"class":122},[49,115531,126],{"class":63},[49,115533,115534],{"class":112},"deep",[49,115536,131],{"class":63},[49,115538,115539],{"class":134},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115541,1762,115542,115545,115546,1017,115548,115551],{},[15,115543,115544],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[30,115547,12327],{},[15,115549,115550],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[35,115553,115555],{"id":115554},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[155,115557,115558,115561,115564,115567,115570],{},[158,115559,115560],{},"What a copy means in Python",[158,115562,115563],{},"How shallow copy works",[158,115565,115566],{},"How deep copy works",[158,115568,115569],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[158,115571,115572],{},"When to use each approach",[35,115574,115576],{"id":115575},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115578,14668,115579,115581,115582,115584],{},[30,115580,12327],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[30,115583,600],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115586,1777],{},[155,115588,115589,115592,115595],{},[158,115590,115591],{},"the outer container is new",[158,115593,115594],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[158,115596,115597],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115599,1244],{},[40,115601,115603],{"className":42,"code":115602,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115604,115605,115631,115645,115649,115667,115671,115684],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115606,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115608,865],{"class":55},[49,115610,60],{"class":59},[49,115612,55796],{"class":63},[49,115614,2659],{"class":80},[49,115616,84],{"class":63},[49,115618,97],{"class":80},[49,115620,17544],{"class":63},[49,115622,3296],{"class":63},[49,115624,1731],{"class":80},[49,115626,84],{"class":63},[49,115628,2126],{"class":80},[49,115630,52744],{"class":63},[49,115632,115633,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,115634,13790],{"class":55},[49,115636,60],{"class":59},[49,115638,940],{"class":55},[49,115640,109],{"class":63},[49,115642,12388],{"class":112},[49,115644,116],{"class":63},[49,115646,115647],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,115648,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115650,115651,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,115652,13809],{"class":55},[49,115654,109],{"class":63},[49,115656,13031],{"class":112},[49,115658,2656],{"class":63},[49,115660,1807],{"class":80},[49,115662,84],{"class":63},[49,115664,37138],{"class":80},[49,115666,3561],{"class":63},[49,115668,115669],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,115670,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115672,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,115674,123],{"class":122},[49,115676,126],{"class":63},[49,115678,912],{"class":112},[49,115680,131],{"class":63},[49,115682,115683],{"class":134},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[49,115685,115686,115688,115690,115692,115694],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,115687,123],{"class":122},[49,115689,126],{"class":63},[49,115691,13809],{"class":112},[49,115693,131],{"class":63},[49,115695,115696],{"class":134},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115698,115699,115700,115702],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115701,13809],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115704,115705],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[40,115707,115709],{"className":42,"code":115708,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115710,115711,115737,115751,115755,115773,115777,115789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115712,115713,115715,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725,115727,115729,115731,115733,115735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115714,865],{"class":55},[49,115716,60],{"class":59},[49,115718,55796],{"class":63},[49,115720,2659],{"class":80},[49,115722,84],{"class":63},[49,115724,97],{"class":80},[49,115726,17544],{"class":63},[49,115728,3296],{"class":63},[49,115730,1731],{"class":80},[49,115732,84],{"class":63},[49,115734,2126],{"class":80},[49,115736,52744],{"class":63},[49,115738,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,115740,13790],{"class":55},[49,115742,60],{"class":59},[49,115744,940],{"class":55},[49,115746,109],{"class":63},[49,115748,12388],{"class":112},[49,115750,116],{"class":63},[49,115752,115753],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,115754,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115756,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,115758,13809],{"class":55},[49,115760,3573],{"class":63},[49,115762,1790],{"class":80},[49,115764,13028],{"class":63},[49,115766,13031],{"class":112},[49,115768,126],{"class":63},[49,115770,55849],{"class":80},[49,115772,335],{"class":63},[49,115774,115775],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,115776,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115778,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,115780,123],{"class":122},[49,115782,126],{"class":63},[49,115784,912],{"class":112},[49,115786,131],{"class":63},[49,115788,115511],{"class":134},[49,115790,115791,115793,115795,115797,115799],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,115792,123],{"class":122},[49,115794,126],{"class":63},[49,115796,13809],{"class":112},[49,115798,131],{"class":63},[49,115800,115801],{"class":134},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115803,115804,115805,1017,115807,115810],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115806,55953],{},[15,115808,115809],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115812,115813,115814,109],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[72,115815,43434],{"href":844},[35,115817,115819],{"id":115818},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115821,14668,115822,115824],{},[30,115823,115384],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115826,1777],{},[155,115828,115829,115831,115834],{},[158,115830,115591],{},[158,115832,115833],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[158,115835,115836],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115838,1244],{},[40,115840,115842],{"className":42,"code":115841,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115843,115844,115850,115854,115880,115898,115902,115920,115924,115936],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115845,115846,115848],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115847,34582],{"class":973},[49,115849,115402],{"class":55},[49,115851,115852],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,115853,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115855,115856,115858,115860,115862,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,115857,865],{"class":55},[49,115859,60],{"class":59},[49,115861,55796],{"class":63},[49,115863,2659],{"class":80},[49,115865,84],{"class":63},[49,115867,97],{"class":80},[49,115869,17544],{"class":63},[49,115871,3296],{"class":63},[49,115873,1731],{"class":80},[49,115875,84],{"class":63},[49,115877,2126],{"class":80},[49,115879,52744],{"class":63},[49,115881,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,115883,13790],{"class":55},[49,115885,60],{"class":59},[49,115887,115442],{"class":55},[49,115889,109],{"class":63},[49,115891,115466],{"class":112},[49,115893,126],{"class":63},[49,115895,912],{"class":112},[49,115897,335],{"class":63},[49,115899,115900],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,115901,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115903,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,115905,13809],{"class":55},[49,115907,3573],{"class":63},[49,115909,1790],{"class":80},[49,115911,13028],{"class":63},[49,115913,13031],{"class":112},[49,115915,126],{"class":63},[49,115917,55849],{"class":80},[49,115919,335],{"class":63},[49,115921,115922],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,115923,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,115925,115926,115928,115930,115932,115934],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,115927,123],{"class":122},[49,115929,126],{"class":63},[49,115931,912],{"class":112},[49,115933,131],{"class":63},[49,115935,115683],{"class":134},[49,115937,115938,115940,115942,115944,115946],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,115939,123],{"class":122},[49,115941,126],{"class":63},[49,115943,13809],{"class":112},[49,115945,131],{"class":63},[49,115947,115801],{"class":134},[20,115949,115950,115951,115953,115954,109],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115952,115809],{}," does not change ",[15,115955,55953],{},[35,115957,115959],{"id":115958},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115961,115962],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115964,115965],{},"Common reasons:",[155,115967,115968,115971,115974,115980],{},[158,115969,115970],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[158,115972,115973],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[158,115975,115976,115977,115979],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115978,60],{}," does not make a copy",[158,115981,115982],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115984,115985,115986,115988],{},"For example, this does ",[30,115987,600],{}," create a copy:",[40,115990,115992],{"className":42,"code":115991,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115993,115994,116014,116022,116026,116040,116044,116056],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115995,115996,115998,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115997,865],{"class":55},[49,115999,60],{"class":59},[49,116001,3296],{"class":63},[49,116003,2659],{"class":80},[49,116005,84],{"class":63},[49,116007,97],{"class":80},[49,116009,84],{"class":63},[49,116011,2120],{"class":80},[49,116013,3309],{"class":63},[49,116015,116016,116018,116020],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116017,13790],{"class":55},[49,116019,60],{"class":59},[49,116021,903],{"class":55},[49,116023,116024],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116025,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116027,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036,116038],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116029,13809],{"class":55},[49,116031,109],{"class":63},[49,116033,13031],{"class":112},[49,116035,126],{"class":63},[49,116037,2174],{"class":80},[49,116039,335],{"class":63},[49,116041,116042],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,116043,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116045,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,116047,123],{"class":122},[49,116049,126],{"class":63},[49,116051,912],{"class":112},[49,116053,131],{"class":63},[49,116055,55203],{"class":134},[49,116057,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,116059,123],{"class":122},[49,116061,126],{"class":63},[49,116063,13809],{"class":112},[49,116065,131],{"class":63},[49,116067,116068],{"class":134},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116070,116071],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[35,116073,116075],{"id":116074},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116077,116078],{},"These three ideas are different.",[591,116080,116082],{"id":116081},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116084,116085],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[40,116087,116089],{"className":42,"code":116088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116090,116091,116117,116125,116129],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116092,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113,116115],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116094,865],{"class":55},[49,116096,60],{"class":59},[49,116098,55796],{"class":63},[49,116100,2659],{"class":80},[49,116102,84],{"class":63},[49,116104,97],{"class":80},[49,116106,17544],{"class":63},[49,116108,3296],{"class":63},[49,116110,1731],{"class":80},[49,116112,84],{"class":63},[49,116114,2126],{"class":80},[49,116116,52744],{"class":63},[49,116118,116119,116121,116123],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116120,13581],{"class":55},[49,116122,60],{"class":59},[49,116124,903],{"class":55},[49,116126,116127],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116128,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116130,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116132,123],{"class":122},[49,116134,126],{"class":63},[49,116136,865],{"class":112},[49,116138,974],{"class":973},[49,116140,13649],{"class":112},[49,116142,131],{"class":63},[49,116144,3338],{"class":134},[20,116146,116147],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[591,116149,116151],{"id":116150},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116153,116154],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[40,116156,116158],{"className":42,"code":116157,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116159,116160,116186,116200,116204,116221],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116161,116162,116164,116166,116168,116170,116172,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116163,865],{"class":55},[49,116165,60],{"class":59},[49,116167,55796],{"class":63},[49,116169,2659],{"class":80},[49,116171,84],{"class":63},[49,116173,97],{"class":80},[49,116175,17544],{"class":63},[49,116177,3296],{"class":63},[49,116179,1731],{"class":80},[49,116181,84],{"class":63},[49,116183,2126],{"class":80},[49,116185,52744],{"class":63},[49,116187,116188,116190,116192,116194,116196,116198],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116189,115437],{"class":55},[49,116191,60],{"class":59},[49,116193,940],{"class":55},[49,116195,109],{"class":63},[49,116197,12388],{"class":112},[49,116199,116],{"class":63},[49,116201,116202],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116203,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116205,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214,116217,116219],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116207,123],{"class":122},[49,116209,126],{"class":63},[49,116211,865],{"class":112},[49,116213,974],{"class":973},[49,116215,116216],{"class":112}," shallow",[49,116218,131],{"class":63},[49,116220,20684],{"class":134},[49,116222,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239,116241,116243,116245],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,116224,123],{"class":122},[49,116226,126],{"class":63},[49,116228,912],{"class":112},[49,116230,3573],{"class":63},[49,116232,1790],{"class":80},[49,116234,12751],{"class":63},[49,116236,7770],{"class":973},[49,116238,116216],{"class":112},[49,116240,3573],{"class":63},[49,116242,1790],{"class":80},[49,116244,19929],{"class":63},[49,116246,3338],{"class":134},[591,116248,116250],{"id":116249},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116252,116253],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[40,116255,116257],{"className":42,"code":116256,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116258,116259,116265,116269,116295,116313,116317,116335],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116260,116261,116263],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116262,34582],{"class":973},[49,116264,115402],{"class":55},[49,116266,116267],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116268,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116270,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116272,865],{"class":55},[49,116274,60],{"class":59},[49,116276,55796],{"class":63},[49,116278,2659],{"class":80},[49,116280,84],{"class":63},[49,116282,97],{"class":80},[49,116284,17544],{"class":63},[49,116286,3296],{"class":63},[49,116288,1731],{"class":80},[49,116290,84],{"class":63},[49,116292,2126],{"class":80},[49,116294,52744],{"class":63},[49,116296,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116298,115457],{"class":55},[49,116300,60],{"class":59},[49,116302,115442],{"class":55},[49,116304,109],{"class":63},[49,116306,115466],{"class":112},[49,116308,126],{"class":63},[49,116310,912],{"class":112},[49,116312,335],{"class":63},[49,116314,116315],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,116316,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116318,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116330,116332],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,116320,123],{"class":122},[49,116322,126],{"class":63},[49,116324,865],{"class":112},[49,116326,974],{"class":973},[49,116328,116329],{"class":112}," deep",[49,116331,131],{"class":63},[49,116333,116334],{"class":134},"         # False\n",[49,116336,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349,116351,116353,116355,116357,116359],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,116338,123],{"class":122},[49,116340,126],{"class":63},[49,116342,912],{"class":112},[49,116344,3573],{"class":63},[49,116346,1790],{"class":80},[49,116348,12751],{"class":63},[49,116350,7770],{"class":973},[49,116352,116329],{"class":112},[49,116354,3573],{"class":63},[49,116356,1790],{"class":80},[49,116358,19929],{"class":63},[49,116360,43370],{"class":134},[35,116362,116364],{"id":116363},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116366,116367,116368,77],{},"These all make ",[30,116369,116370],{},"shallow copies",[155,116372,116373,116377,116381,116386,116392],{},[158,116374,116375],{},[15,116376,55103],{},[158,116378,116379],{},[15,116380,1219],{},[158,116382,116383],{},[15,116384,116385],{},"set.copy()",[158,116387,116388,116389],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116390,116391],{},"my_list[:]",[158,116393,116394,116396,116397,34572],{},[15,116395,115544],{}," from the ",[15,116398,12388],{},[20,116400,1796],{},[40,116402,116404],{"className":42,"code":116403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116405,116406,116426,116430,116444,116455,116459,116471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116407,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116409,3291],{"class":55},[49,116411,60],{"class":59},[49,116413,3296],{"class":63},[49,116415,2659],{"class":80},[49,116417,84],{"class":63},[49,116419,97],{"class":80},[49,116421,84],{"class":63},[49,116423,2120],{"class":80},[49,116425,3309],{"class":63},[49,116427,116428],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116429,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116431,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116433,2224],{"class":55},[49,116435,60],{"class":59},[49,116437,3936],{"class":55},[49,116439,109],{"class":63},[49,116441,12388],{"class":112},[49,116443,116],{"class":63},[49,116445,116446,116448,116450,116452],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116447,2252],{"class":55},[49,116449,60],{"class":59},[49,116451,3936],{"class":55},[49,116453,116454],{"class":63},"[:]\n",[49,116456,116457],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,116458,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116460,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,116462,123],{"class":122},[49,116464,126],{"class":63},[49,116466,72],{"class":112},[49,116468,131],{"class":63},[49,116470,54434],{"class":134},[49,116472,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,116474,123],{"class":122},[49,116476,126],{"class":63},[49,116478,90],{"class":112},[49,116480,131],{"class":63},[49,116482,54434],{"class":134},[20,116484,72645,116485,47033,116489,109],{},[72,116486,116487,1571],{"href":54462},[15,116488,55103],{},[72,116490,116491,1571],{"href":1216},[15,116492,1219],{},[35,116494,116496],{"id":116495},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116498,116499],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[155,116501,116502,116505,116508],{},[158,116503,116504],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[158,116506,116507],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[158,116509,116510],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116512,116513],{},"Example with a flat list:",[40,116515,116517],{"className":42,"code":116516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116518,116519,116539,116553,116557,116571,116575,116587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116520,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116522,865],{"class":55},[49,116524,60],{"class":59},[49,116526,3296],{"class":63},[49,116528,2659],{"class":80},[49,116530,84],{"class":63},[49,116532,97],{"class":80},[49,116534,84],{"class":63},[49,116536,2120],{"class":80},[49,116538,3309],{"class":63},[49,116540,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549,116551],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116542,13790],{"class":55},[49,116544,60],{"class":59},[49,116546,940],{"class":55},[49,116548,109],{"class":63},[49,116550,12388],{"class":112},[49,116552,116],{"class":63},[49,116554,116555],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116556,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116558,116559,116561,116563,116565,116567,116569],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116560,13809],{"class":55},[49,116562,109],{"class":63},[49,116564,13031],{"class":112},[49,116566,126],{"class":63},[49,116568,2174],{"class":80},[49,116570,335],{"class":63},[49,116572,116573],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,116574,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116576,116577,116579,116581,116583,116585],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,116578,123],{"class":122},[49,116580,126],{"class":63},[49,116582,912],{"class":112},[49,116584,131],{"class":63},[49,116586,54434],{"class":134},[49,116588,116589,116591,116593,116595,116597],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,116590,123],{"class":122},[49,116592,126],{"class":63},[49,116594,13809],{"class":112},[49,116596,131],{"class":63},[49,116598,116068],{"class":134},[20,116600,116601],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116603,116604,116605,109],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[72,116606,14367],{"href":56722},[35,116608,116610],{"id":116609},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116612,116613],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[155,116615,116616,116619,116622],{},[158,116617,116618],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[158,116620,116621],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[158,116623,116624],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116626,116627],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[40,116629,116631],{"className":42,"code":116630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116632,116633,116639,116643,116669,116683,116701,116705,116727,116731,116744,116757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116634,116635,116637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116636,34582],{"class":973},[49,116638,115402],{"class":55},[49,116640,116641],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116642,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116644,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116646,865],{"class":55},[49,116648,60],{"class":59},[49,116650,64],{"class":63},[49,116652,68],{"class":67},[49,116654,15869],{"class":71},[49,116656,68],{"class":67},[49,116658,77],{"class":63},[49,116660,3296],{"class":63},[49,116662,1999],{"class":80},[49,116664,84],{"class":63},[49,116666,7462],{"class":80},[49,116668,13184],{"class":63},[49,116670,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116672,115437],{"class":55},[49,116674,60],{"class":59},[49,116676,940],{"class":55},[49,116678,109],{"class":63},[49,116680,12388],{"class":112},[49,116682,116],{"class":63},[49,116684,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,116686,115457],{"class":55},[49,116688,60],{"class":59},[49,116690,115442],{"class":55},[49,116692,109],{"class":63},[49,116694,115466],{"class":112},[49,116696,126],{"class":63},[49,116698,912],{"class":112},[49,116700,335],{"class":63},[49,116702,116703],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,116704,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116706,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,116708,912],{"class":55},[49,116710,3573],{"class":63},[49,116712,68],{"class":67},[49,116714,15869],{"class":71},[49,116716,68],{"class":67},[49,116718,13028],{"class":63},[49,116720,13031],{"class":112},[49,116722,126],{"class":63},[49,116724,36335],{"class":80},[49,116726,335],{"class":63},[49,116728,116729],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,116730,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116732,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,116734,123],{"class":122},[49,116736,126],{"class":63},[49,116738,912],{"class":112},[49,116740,131],{"class":63},[49,116742,116743],{"class":134},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[49,116745,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754],{"class":51,"line":355},[49,116747,123],{"class":122},[49,116749,126],{"class":63},[49,116751,115520],{"class":112},[49,116753,131],{"class":63},[49,116755,116756],{"class":134},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[49,116758,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767],{"class":51,"line":360},[49,116760,123],{"class":122},[49,116762,126],{"class":63},[49,116764,115534],{"class":112},[49,116766,131],{"class":63},[49,116768,116769],{"class":134},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116771,116772],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[35,116774,116776],{"id":116775},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116778,116779],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[155,116781,116782,116785,116788,116791],{},[158,116783,116784],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[158,116786,116787],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[158,116789,116790],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[158,116792,116793],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116795,116796],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[40,116798,116800],{"className":42,"code":116799,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116801,116802,116810,116818,116822,116830,116834,116846],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116803,116804,116806,116808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116805,2224],{"class":55},[49,116807,60],{"class":59},[49,116809,2257],{"class":80},[49,116811,116812,116814,116816],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116813,2252],{"class":55},[49,116815,60],{"class":59},[49,116817,35668],{"class":55},[49,116819,116820],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116821,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116823,116824,116826,116828],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116825,2252],{"class":55},[49,116827,60],{"class":59},[49,116829,14093],{"class":80},[49,116831,116832],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,116833,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,116835,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,116837,123],{"class":122},[49,116839,126],{"class":63},[49,116841,72],{"class":112},[49,116843,131],{"class":63},[49,116845,26281],{"class":134},[49,116847,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,116849,123],{"class":122},[49,116851,126],{"class":63},[49,116853,90],{"class":112},[49,116855,131],{"class":63},[49,116857,27102],{"class":134},[20,116859,93016,116860,116863],{},[72,116861,116862],{"href":844},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[35,116865,1376],{"id":1375},[20,116867,116868],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[155,116870,116871,116875,116880,116885,116888],{},[158,116872,8092,116873,56286],{},[15,116874,60],{},[158,116876,8092,116877,116879],{},[15,116878,55103],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[158,116881,8092,116882,116884],{},[15,116883,1219],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[158,116886,116887],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[158,116889,116890],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116892,116893],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[40,116895,116897],{"className":42,"code":116896,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116898,116899,116913,116927,116949,116980],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116900,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116902,123],{"class":122},[49,116904,126],{"class":63},[49,116906,865],{"class":112},[49,116908,974],{"class":973},[49,116910,13863],{"class":112},[49,116912,335],{"class":63},[49,116914,116915,116917,116919,116921,116923,116925],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,116916,123],{"class":122},[49,116918,126],{"class":63},[49,116920,865],{"class":112},[49,116922,4362],{"class":59},[49,116924,13863],{"class":112},[49,116926,335],{"class":63},[49,116928,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,116930,123],{"class":122},[49,116932,126],{"class":63},[49,116934,1445],{"class":122},[49,116936,126],{"class":63},[49,116938,912],{"class":112},[49,116940,8904],{"class":63},[49,116942,14295],{"class":122},[49,116944,126],{"class":63},[49,116946,13809],{"class":112},[49,116948,1436],{"class":63},[49,116950,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,116952,123],{"class":122},[49,116954,126],{"class":63},[49,116956,1445],{"class":122},[49,116958,126],{"class":63},[49,116960,912],{"class":112},[49,116962,3573],{"class":63},[49,116964,1790],{"class":80},[49,116966,116967],{"class":63},"]),",[49,116969,14295],{"class":122},[49,116971,126],{"class":63},[49,116973,13809],{"class":112},[49,116975,3573],{"class":63},[49,116977,1790],{"class":80},[49,116979,2670],{"class":63},[49,116981,116982,116984,116986,116988,116990,116992],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,116983,123],{"class":122},[49,116985,126],{"class":63},[49,116987,1429],{"class":1428},[49,116989,126],{"class":63},[49,116991,912],{"class":112},[49,116993,1436],{"class":63},[20,116995,116996],{},"What they tell you:",[155,116998,116999,117004,117009,117014,117024],{},[158,117000,117001,117003],{},[15,117002,974],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[158,117005,117006,117008],{},[15,117007,4362],{}," checks whether values are equal",[158,117010,117011,117013],{},[15,117012,42986],{}," shows the identity of an object",[158,117015,117016,117017,1017,117020,117023],{},"comparing ",[15,117018,117019],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117021,117022],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[158,117025,117026,117028],{},[15,117027,1970],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[35,117030,1498],{"id":1497},[591,117032,117034],{"id":117033},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117036,117037],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[591,117039,56772],{"id":56687},[20,117041,117042],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[591,117044,117046],{"id":117045},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117048,117049],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[591,117051,117053],{"id":117052},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117055,117056],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[591,117058,117060],{"id":117059},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117062,117063],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[35,117065,1550],{"id":1549},[155,117067,117068,117073,117079,117085,117089],{},[158,117069,117070],{},[72,117071,117072],{"href":844},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[158,117074,117075],{},[72,117076,3247,117077,1571],{"href":54462},[15,117078,55103],{},[158,117080,117081],{},[72,117082,3247,117083,1571],{"href":1216},[15,117084,1219],{},[158,117086,117087],{},[72,117088,14444],{"href":56722},[158,117090,117091],{},[72,117092,117093],{"href":57997},"What is a list in Python?",[1597,117095,117096],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":117098},[117099,117100,117101,117102,117103,117104,117109,117110,117111,117112,117113,117114,117121],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":115554,"depth":103,"text":115555},{"id":115575,"depth":103,"text":115576},{"id":115818,"depth":103,"text":115819},{"id":115958,"depth":103,"text":115959},{"id":116074,"depth":103,"text":116075,"children":117105},[117106,117107,117108],{"id":116081,"depth":119,"text":116082},{"id":116150,"depth":119,"text":116151},{"id":116249,"depth":119,"text":116250},{"id":116363,"depth":103,"text":116364},{"id":116495,"depth":103,"text":116496},{"id":116609,"depth":103,"text":116610},{"id":116775,"depth":103,"text":116776},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":117115},[117116,117117,117118,117119,117120],{"id":117033,"depth":119,"text":117034},{"id":56687,"depth":119,"text":56772},{"id":117045,"depth":119,"text":117046},{"id":117052,"depth":119,"text":117053},{"id":117059,"depth":119,"text":117060},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115355,"description":117122},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117128,"title":117129,"body":117130,"description":118987,"extension":1632,"meta":118988,"navigation":312,"path":118989,"seo":118990,"stem":118991,"__hash__":118992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117131,"toc":118945},[117132,117137,117142,117150,117152,117220,117225,117230,117245,117248,117250,117281,117283,117303,117306,117321,117323,117326,117399,117401,117446,117448,117459,117464,117468,117473,117476,117515,117517,117537,117540,117597,117599,117634,117637,117676,117678,117698,117701,117732,117734,117790,117792,117797,117868,117870,117903,117908,117913,117978,117980,118017,118020,118097,118099,118159,118166,118171,118174,118177,118258,118260,118301,118306,118309,118387,118389,118422,118431,118438,118441,118452,118455,118466,118470,118478,118487,118491,118496,118500,118505,118548,118551,118557,118560,118562,118609,118614,118618,118621,118670,118672,118693,118696,118698,118723,118726,118847,118852,118854,118859,118862,118867,118870,118878,118883,118890,118893,118901,118904,118906,118942],[10,117133,3247,117135,3251],{"id":117134},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117136,73929],{},[20,117138,117139,117141],{},[15,117140,73929],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117143,117144,117145,1858,117147,117149],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117146,77372],{},[15,117148,73929],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[35,117151,3281],{"id":3280},[40,117153,117155],{"className":42,"code":117154,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117156,117157,117177,117191,117195,117207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117158,117159,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117160,3291],{"class":55},[49,117162,60],{"class":59},[49,117164,3296],{"class":63},[49,117166,1731],{"class":80},[49,117168,84],{"class":63},[49,117170,81],{"class":80},[49,117172,84],{"class":63},[49,117174,97],{"class":80},[49,117176,3309],{"class":63},[49,117178,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117180,534],{"class":55},[49,117182,60],{"class":59},[49,117184,74063],{"class":122},[49,117186,126],{"class":63},[49,117188,3323],{"class":112},[49,117190,335],{"class":63},[49,117192,117193],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,117194,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,117196,117197,117199,117201,117203,117205],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,117198,123],{"class":122},[49,117200,126],{"class":63},[49,117202,558],{"class":112},[49,117204,131],{"class":63},[49,117206,55190],{"class":134},[49,117208,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,117210,123],{"class":122},[49,117212,126],{"class":63},[49,117214,3323],{"class":112},[49,117216,131],{"class":63},[49,117218,117219],{"class":134},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117221,117222,117224],{},[15,117223,73929],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[35,117226,144,117228,147],{"id":117227},"what-sorted-does",[15,117229,73929],{},[155,117231,117232,117236,117239,117242],{},[158,117233,117234,62430],{},[15,117235,73929],{},[158,117237,117238],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[158,117240,117241],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[158,117243,117244],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117246,117247],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[35,117249,189],{"id":188},[40,117251,117253],{"className":42,"code":117252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117254,117255],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117256,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117258,74019],{"class":122},[49,117260,126],{"class":63},[49,117262,3394],{"class":112},[49,117264,84],{"class":63},[49,117266,21063],{"class":8847},[49,117268,60],{"class":59},[49,117270,169],{"class":583},[49,117272,84],{"class":63},[49,117274,77575],{"class":8847},[49,117276,60],{"class":59},[49,117278,3348],{"class":583},[49,117280,335],{"class":63},[591,117282,16876],{"id":16875},[155,117284,117285,117290,117295],{},[158,117286,117287,117289],{},[15,117288,3394],{},": the values to sort",[158,117291,117292,117294],{},[15,117293,14320],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[158,117296,117297,117299,117300,117302],{},[15,117298,73082],{},": set to ",[15,117301,3276],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117304,117305],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[40,117307,117309],{"className":42,"code":117308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117310,117311],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117312,117313,117315,117317,117319],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117314,74019],{"class":122},[49,117316,126],{"class":63},[49,117318,59811],{"class":112},[49,117320,335],{"class":63},[35,117322,225],{"id":224},[20,117324,117325],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[40,117327,117329],{"className":42,"code":117328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117330,117331,117355,117359,117374,117378,117389],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117332,117333,117335,117337,117339,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117334,3291],{"class":55},[49,117336,60],{"class":59},[49,117338,3296],{"class":63},[49,117340,1807],{"class":80},[49,117342,84],{"class":63},[49,117344,97],{"class":80},[49,117346,84],{"class":63},[49,117348,6033],{"class":80},[49,117350,84],{"class":63},[49,117352,81],{"class":80},[49,117354,3309],{"class":63},[49,117356,117357],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117358,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,117360,117361,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,117362,117363],{"class":55},"sorted_numbers ",[49,117365,60],{"class":59},[49,117367,74063],{"class":122},[49,117369,126],{"class":63},[49,117371,3323],{"class":112},[49,117373,335],{"class":63},[49,117375,117376],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,117377,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,117379,117380,117382,117384,117387],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,117381,123],{"class":122},[49,117383,126],{"class":63},[49,117385,117386],{"class":112},"sorted_numbers",[49,117388,335],{"class":63},[49,117390,117391,117393,117395,117397],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,117392,123],{"class":122},[49,117394,126],{"class":63},[49,117396,3323],{"class":112},[49,117398,335],{"class":63},[20,117400,573],{},[40,117402,117404],{"className":42,"code":117403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117405,117406,117426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117407,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418,117420,117422,117424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117409,3573],{"class":63},[49,117411,2659],{"class":80},[49,117413,84],{"class":63},[49,117415,97],{"class":80},[49,117417,84],{"class":63},[49,117419,4279],{"class":80},[49,117421,84],{"class":63},[49,117423,6033],{"class":80},[49,117425,3309],{"class":63},[49,117427,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117429,3573],{"class":63},[49,117431,1807],{"class":80},[49,117433,84],{"class":63},[49,117435,97],{"class":80},[49,117437,84],{"class":63},[49,117439,6033],{"class":80},[49,117441,84],{"class":63},[49,117443,81],{"class":80},[49,117445,3309],{"class":63},[20,117447,13241],{},[155,117449,117450,117455],{},[158,117451,117452,117454],{},[15,117453,117386],{}," is a new sorted list",[158,117456,117457,111991],{},[15,117458,3323],{},[20,117460,117461,117462,109],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[72,117463,77882],{"href":77881},[35,117465,117467],{"id":117466},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117469,117470,117472],{},[15,117471,73929],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[591,117474,117475],{"id":7767},"List",[40,117477,117479],{"className":42,"code":117478,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117480,117481,117501],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117482,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117484,3291],{"class":55},[49,117486,60],{"class":59},[49,117488,3296],{"class":63},[49,117490,1731],{"class":80},[49,117492,84],{"class":63},[49,117494,81],{"class":80},[49,117496,84],{"class":63},[49,117498,97],{"class":80},[49,117500,3309],{"class":63},[49,117502,117503,117505,117507,117509,117511,117513],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117504,123],{"class":122},[49,117506,126],{"class":63},[49,117508,74019],{"class":122},[49,117510,126],{"class":63},[49,117512,3323],{"class":112},[49,117514,1436],{"class":63},[20,117516,573],{},[40,117518,117519],{"className":42,"code":54652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,117520,117521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117522,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117524,3573],{"class":63},[49,117526,2659],{"class":80},[49,117528,84],{"class":63},[49,117530,97],{"class":80},[49,117532,84],{"class":63},[49,117534,2120],{"class":80},[49,117536,3309],{"class":63},[591,117538,117539],{"id":48453},"Tuple",[40,117541,117543],{"className":42,"code":117542,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117544,117545,117565,117579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117546,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117548,3495],{"class":55},[49,117550,60],{"class":59},[49,117552,8907],{"class":63},[49,117554,1731],{"class":80},[49,117556,84],{"class":63},[49,117558,81],{"class":80},[49,117560,84],{"class":63},[49,117562,97],{"class":80},[49,117564,335],{"class":63},[49,117566,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117568,123],{"class":122},[49,117570,126],{"class":63},[49,117572,74019],{"class":122},[49,117574,126],{"class":63},[49,117576,5031],{"class":112},[49,117578,1436],{"class":63},[49,117580,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,117582,123],{"class":122},[49,117584,126],{"class":63},[49,117586,1429],{"class":1428},[49,117588,126],{"class":63},[49,117590,74019],{"class":122},[49,117592,126],{"class":63},[49,117594,5031],{"class":112},[49,117596,2582],{"class":63},[20,117598,573],{},[40,117600,117602],{"className":42,"code":117601,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117603,117604,117620],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117605,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616,117618],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117607,3573],{"class":63},[49,117609,2659],{"class":80},[49,117611,84],{"class":63},[49,117613,97],{"class":80},[49,117615,84],{"class":63},[49,117617,2120],{"class":80},[49,117619,3309],{"class":63},[49,117621,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117623,2962],{"class":59},[49,117625,2965],{"class":1734},[49,117627,406],{"class":67},[49,117629,7767],{"class":71},[49,117631,397],{"class":67},[49,117633,2974],{"class":59},[591,117635,117636],{"id":5960},"Set",[40,117638,117640],{"className":42,"code":117639,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117641,117642,117662],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117643,117644,117646,117648,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117645,3495],{"class":55},[49,117647,60],{"class":59},[49,117649,64],{"class":63},[49,117651,1731],{"class":80},[49,117653,84],{"class":63},[49,117655,81],{"class":80},[49,117657,84],{"class":63},[49,117659,97],{"class":80},[49,117661,100],{"class":63},[49,117663,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117665,123],{"class":122},[49,117667,126],{"class":63},[49,117669,74019],{"class":122},[49,117671,126],{"class":63},[49,117673,5031],{"class":112},[49,117675,1436],{"class":63},[20,117677,573],{},[40,117679,117680],{"className":42,"code":54652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,117681,117682],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117683,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117685,3573],{"class":63},[49,117687,2659],{"class":80},[49,117689,84],{"class":63},[49,117691,97],{"class":80},[49,117693,84],{"class":63},[49,117695,2120],{"class":80},[49,117697,3309],{"class":63},[591,117699,117700],{"id":60678},"String",[40,117702,117704],{"className":42,"code":117703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117705,117706,117718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117707,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117709,34178],{"class":55},[49,117711,60],{"class":59},[49,117713,87],{"class":67},[49,117715,44],{"class":71},[49,117717,301],{"class":67},[49,117719,117720,117722,117724,117726,117728,117730],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117721,123],{"class":122},[49,117723,126],{"class":63},[49,117725,74019],{"class":122},[49,117727,126],{"class":63},[49,117729,34199],{"class":112},[49,117731,1436],{"class":63},[20,117733,573],{},[40,117735,117736],{"className":42,"code":78899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,117737,117738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117739,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117741,3573],{"class":63},[49,117743,397],{"class":67},[49,117745,59942],{"class":71},[49,117747,397],{"class":67},[49,117749,84],{"class":63},[49,117751,406],{"class":67},[49,117753,75535],{"class":71},[49,117755,397],{"class":67},[49,117757,84],{"class":63},[49,117759,406],{"class":67},[49,117761,59977],{"class":71},[49,117763,397],{"class":67},[49,117765,84],{"class":63},[49,117767,406],{"class":67},[49,117769,20],{"class":71},[49,117771,397],{"class":67},[49,117773,84],{"class":63},[49,117775,406],{"class":67},[49,117777,62791],{"class":71},[49,117779,397],{"class":67},[49,117781,84],{"class":63},[49,117783,406],{"class":67},[49,117785,517],{"class":71},[49,117787,397],{"class":67},[49,117789,3309],{"class":63},[591,117791,28710],{"id":15084},[20,117793,63044,117794,117796],{},[15,117795,73929],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[40,117798,117800],{"className":42,"code":117799,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117801,117802,117854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117803,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117805,12682],{"class":55},[49,117807,60],{"class":59},[49,117809,64],{"class":63},[49,117811,68],{"class":67},[49,117813,251],{"class":71},[49,117815,68],{"class":67},[49,117817,77],{"class":63},[49,117819,87],{"class":67},[49,117821,12357],{"class":71},[49,117823,68],{"class":67},[49,117825,84],{"class":63},[49,117827,87],{"class":67},[49,117829,272],{"class":71},[49,117831,68],{"class":67},[49,117833,77],{"class":63},[49,117835,7462],{"class":80},[49,117837,84],{"class":63},[49,117839,87],{"class":67},[49,117841,289],{"class":71},[49,117843,68],{"class":67},[49,117845,77],{"class":63},[49,117847,87],{"class":67},[49,117849,15511],{"class":71},[49,117851,68],{"class":67},[49,117853,100],{"class":63},[49,117855,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117857,123],{"class":122},[49,117859,126],{"class":63},[49,117861,74019],{"class":122},[49,117863,126],{"class":63},[49,117865,16788],{"class":112},[49,117867,1436],{"class":63},[20,117869,573],{},[40,117871,117873],{"className":42,"code":117872,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117874,117875],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117876,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117878,3573],{"class":63},[49,117880,397],{"class":67},[49,117882,272],{"class":71},[49,117884,397],{"class":67},[49,117886,84],{"class":63},[49,117888,406],{"class":67},[49,117890,289],{"class":71},[49,117892,397],{"class":67},[49,117894,84],{"class":63},[49,117896,406],{"class":67},[49,117898,251],{"class":71},[49,117900,397],{"class":67},[49,117902,3309],{"class":63},[35,117904,8092,117906],{"id":117905},"using-reversetrue",[15,117907,77596],{},[20,117909,1762,117910,117912],{},[15,117911,77596],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[40,117914,117916],{"className":42,"code":117915,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117917,117918,117938,117942,117956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117919,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117921,3291],{"class":55},[49,117923,60],{"class":59},[49,117925,3296],{"class":63},[49,117927,1731],{"class":80},[49,117929,84],{"class":63},[49,117931,81],{"class":80},[49,117933,84],{"class":63},[49,117935,97],{"class":80},[49,117937,3309],{"class":63},[49,117939,117940],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,117941,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,117943,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,117945,123],{"class":122},[49,117947,126],{"class":63},[49,117949,74019],{"class":122},[49,117951,126],{"class":63},[49,117953,3323],{"class":112},[49,117955,1436],{"class":63},[49,117957,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,117959,123],{"class":122},[49,117961,126],{"class":63},[49,117963,74019],{"class":122},[49,117965,126],{"class":63},[49,117967,3323],{"class":112},[49,117969,84],{"class":63},[49,117971,77575],{"class":8847},[49,117973,60],{"class":59},[49,117975,3276],{"class":583},[49,117977,1436],{"class":63},[20,117979,573],{},[40,117981,117983],{"className":42,"code":117982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117984,117985,118001],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117986,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117988,3573],{"class":63},[49,117990,2659],{"class":80},[49,117992,84],{"class":63},[49,117994,97],{"class":80},[49,117996,84],{"class":63},[49,117998,2120],{"class":80},[49,118000,3309],{"class":63},[49,118002,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118004,3573],{"class":63},[49,118006,1731],{"class":80},[49,118008,84],{"class":63},[49,118010,97],{"class":80},[49,118012,84],{"class":63},[49,118014,81],{"class":80},[49,118016,3309],{"class":63},[20,118018,118019],{},"This also works with strings:",[40,118021,118023],{"className":42,"code":118022,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118024,118025,118057,118061,118075],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118026,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118028,3742],{"class":55},[49,118030,60],{"class":59},[49,118032,3296],{"class":63},[49,118034,68],{"class":67},[49,118036,3751],{"class":71},[49,118038,68],{"class":67},[49,118040,84],{"class":63},[49,118042,87],{"class":67},[49,118044,3760],{"class":71},[49,118046,68],{"class":67},[49,118048,84],{"class":63},[49,118050,87],{"class":67},[49,118052,3769],{"class":71},[49,118054,68],{"class":67},[49,118056,3309],{"class":63},[49,118058,118059],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118060,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,118062,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,118064,123],{"class":122},[49,118066,126],{"class":63},[49,118068,74019],{"class":122},[49,118070,126],{"class":63},[49,118072,3786],{"class":112},[49,118074,1436],{"class":63},[49,118076,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,118078,123],{"class":122},[49,118080,126],{"class":63},[49,118082,74019],{"class":122},[49,118084,126],{"class":63},[49,118086,3786],{"class":112},[49,118088,84],{"class":63},[49,118090,77575],{"class":8847},[49,118092,60],{"class":59},[49,118094,3276],{"class":583},[49,118096,1436],{"class":63},[20,118098,573],{},[40,118100,118101],{"className":42,"code":73663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,118102,118103,118131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118104,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118106,3573],{"class":63},[49,118108,397],{"class":67},[49,118110,3751],{"class":71},[49,118112,397],{"class":67},[49,118114,84],{"class":63},[49,118116,406],{"class":67},[49,118118,3760],{"class":71},[49,118120,397],{"class":67},[49,118122,84],{"class":63},[49,118124,406],{"class":67},[49,118126,3769],{"class":71},[49,118128,397],{"class":67},[49,118130,3309],{"class":63},[49,118132,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118134,3573],{"class":63},[49,118136,397],{"class":67},[49,118138,3769],{"class":71},[49,118140,397],{"class":67},[49,118142,84],{"class":63},[49,118144,406],{"class":67},[49,118146,3760],{"class":71},[49,118148,397],{"class":67},[49,118150,84],{"class":63},[49,118152,406],{"class":67},[49,118154,3751],{"class":71},[49,118156,397],{"class":67},[49,118158,3309],{"class":63},[35,118160,8092,118162,118165],{"id":118161},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118163,118164],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118167,150,118168,118170],{},[15,118169,118164],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118172,118173],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118175,118176],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[40,118178,118180],{"className":42,"code":118179,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118181,118182,118222,118226,118248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118183,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118185,3742],{"class":55},[49,118187,60],{"class":59},[49,118189,3296],{"class":63},[49,118191,68],{"class":67},[49,118193,78249],{"class":71},[49,118195,68],{"class":67},[49,118197,84],{"class":63},[49,118199,87],{"class":67},[49,118201,37853],{"class":71},[49,118203,68],{"class":67},[49,118205,84],{"class":63},[49,118207,87],{"class":67},[49,118209,3760],{"class":71},[49,118211,68],{"class":67},[49,118213,84],{"class":63},[49,118215,87],{"class":67},[49,118217,37836],{"class":71},[49,118219,68],{"class":67},[49,118221,3309],{"class":63},[49,118223,118224],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118225,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,118227,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,118229,534],{"class":55},[49,118231,60],{"class":59},[49,118233,74063],{"class":122},[49,118235,126],{"class":63},[49,118237,3786],{"class":112},[49,118239,84],{"class":63},[49,118241,21063],{"class":8847},[49,118243,60],{"class":59},[49,118245,10824],{"class":122},[49,118247,335],{"class":63},[49,118249,118250,118252,118254,118256],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,118251,123],{"class":122},[49,118253,126],{"class":63},[49,118255,558],{"class":112},[49,118257,335],{"class":63},[20,118259,573],{},[40,118261,118263],{"className":42,"code":118262,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118264,118265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118266,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118268,3573],{"class":63},[49,118270,397],{"class":67},[49,118272,37853],{"class":71},[49,118274,397],{"class":67},[49,118276,84],{"class":63},[49,118278,406],{"class":67},[49,118280,78249],{"class":71},[49,118282,397],{"class":67},[49,118284,84],{"class":63},[49,118286,406],{"class":67},[49,118288,37836],{"class":71},[49,118290,397],{"class":67},[49,118292,84],{"class":63},[49,118294,406],{"class":67},[49,118296,3760],{"class":71},[49,118298,397],{"class":67},[49,118300,3309],{"class":63},[20,118302,20254,118303,118305],{},[15,118304,10824],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118307,118308],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[40,118310,118312],{"className":42,"code":118311,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118313,118314,118347,118351,118377],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118315,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118343,118345],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118317,3742],{"class":55},[49,118319,60],{"class":59},[49,118321,3296],{"class":63},[49,118323,68],{"class":67},[49,118325,82868],{"class":71},[49,118327,68],{"class":67},[49,118329,84],{"class":63},[49,118331,87],{"class":67},[49,118333,3751],{"class":71},[49,118335,68],{"class":67},[49,118337,84],{"class":63},[49,118339,87],{"class":67},[49,118341,118342],{"class":71},"Cherry",[49,118344,68],{"class":67},[49,118346,3309],{"class":63},[49,118348,118349],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118350,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,118352,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,118354,534],{"class":55},[49,118356,60],{"class":59},[49,118358,74063],{"class":122},[49,118360,126],{"class":63},[49,118362,3786],{"class":112},[49,118364,84],{"class":63},[49,118366,21063],{"class":8847},[49,118368,60],{"class":59},[49,118370,3114],{"class":1428},[49,118372,109],{"class":63},[49,118374,8315],{"class":24235},[49,118376,335],{"class":63},[49,118378,118379,118381,118383,118385],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,118380,123],{"class":122},[49,118382,126],{"class":63},[49,118384,558],{"class":112},[49,118386,335],{"class":63},[20,118388,573],{},[40,118390,118392],{"className":42,"code":118391,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118393,118394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118395,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118397,3573],{"class":63},[49,118399,397],{"class":67},[49,118401,3751],{"class":71},[49,118403,397],{"class":67},[49,118405,84],{"class":63},[49,118407,406],{"class":67},[49,118409,82868],{"class":71},[49,118411,397],{"class":67},[49,118413,84],{"class":63},[49,118415,406],{"class":67},[49,118417,118342],{"class":71},[49,118419,397],{"class":67},[49,118421,3309],{"class":63},[20,118423,118424,118425,34821,118427,109],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118426,41858],{},[72,118428,3247,118429,3180],{"href":41855},[15,118430,41858],{},[35,118432,118434,10249,118436],{"id":118433},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118435,73929],{},[15,118437,77372],{},[20,118439,118440],{},"The main difference is this:",[155,118442,118443,118448],{},[158,118444,118445,118447],{},[15,118446,73929],{}," returns a new list",[158,118449,118450,73467],{},[15,118451,77372],{},[20,118453,118454],{},"Also:",[155,118456,118457,118462],{},[158,118458,118459,118461],{},[15,118460,73929],{}," works with many iterables",[158,118463,118464,78805],{},[15,118465,77372],{},[20,118467,1762,118468,10265],{},[15,118469,73929],{},[155,118471,118472,118475],{},[158,118473,118474],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[158,118476,118477],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118479,118480,118481,109],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[72,118482,3247,118483,10249,118485,5455],{"href":78630},[15,118484,73929],{},[15,118486,77372],{},[35,118488,118490],{"id":118489},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118492,118493,118494,109],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118495,73929],{},[591,118497,118499],{"id":118498},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118501,118502,118503,77],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118504,2676],{},[40,118506,118508],{"className":42,"code":118507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118509,118510,118534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118513,3495],{"class":55},[49,118515,60],{"class":59},[49,118517,3296],{"class":63},[49,118519,2659],{"class":80},[49,118521,84],{"class":63},[49,118523,87],{"class":67},[49,118525,1725],{"class":71},[49,118527,68],{"class":67},[49,118529,84],{"class":63},[49,118531,2120],{"class":80},[49,118533,3309],{"class":63},[49,118535,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118537,123],{"class":122},[49,118539,126],{"class":63},[49,118541,74019],{"class":122},[49,118543,126],{"class":63},[49,118545,5031],{"class":112},[49,118547,1436],{"class":63},[20,118549,118550],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[591,118552,118554,118555,1971],{"id":118553},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118556,14320],{},[20,118558,118559],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118561,1244],{},[40,118563,118565],{"className":42,"code":118564,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118566,118567,118587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118568,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118570,3291],{"class":55},[49,118572,60],{"class":59},[49,118574,3296],{"class":63},[49,118576,1999],{"class":80},[49,118578,84],{"class":63},[49,118580,97],{"class":80},[49,118582,84],{"class":63},[49,118584,7467],{"class":80},[49,118586,3309],{"class":63},[49,118588,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118590,123],{"class":122},[49,118592,126],{"class":63},[49,118594,74019],{"class":122},[49,118596,126],{"class":63},[49,118598,3323],{"class":112},[49,118600,84],{"class":63},[49,118602,21063],{"class":8847},[49,118604,60],{"class":59},[49,118606,10824],{"class":122},[49,118608,1436],{"class":63},[20,118610,48010,118611,118613],{},[15,118612,41858],{}," does not work on integers.",[591,118615,118617],{"id":118616},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118619,118620],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[40,118622,118624],{"className":42,"code":118623,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118625,118626,118646,118656,118660],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118627,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118629,3291],{"class":55},[49,118631,60],{"class":59},[49,118633,3296],{"class":63},[49,118635,1731],{"class":80},[49,118637,84],{"class":63},[49,118639,81],{"class":80},[49,118641,84],{"class":63},[49,118643,97],{"class":80},[49,118645,3309],{"class":63},[49,118647,118648,118650,118652,118654],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118649,74019],{"class":122},[49,118651,126],{"class":63},[49,118653,3323],{"class":112},[49,118655,335],{"class":63},[49,118657,118658],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,118659,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,118661,118662,118664,118666,118668],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,118663,123],{"class":122},[49,118665,126],{"class":63},[49,118667,3323],{"class":112},[49,118669,335],{"class":63},[20,118671,573],{},[40,118673,118675],{"className":42,"code":118674,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118676,118677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118678,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118680,3573],{"class":63},[49,118682,1731],{"class":80},[49,118684,84],{"class":63},[49,118686,81],{"class":80},[49,118688,84],{"class":63},[49,118690,97],{"class":80},[49,118692,3309],{"class":63},[20,118694,118695],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[35,118697,1376],{"id":1375},[155,118699,118700,118704,118707,118712,118716],{},[158,118701,4253,118702,73467],{},[15,118703,73929],{},[158,118705,118706],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[158,118708,4378,118709,118711],{},[15,118710,73929],{}," always returns a list",[158,118713,8092,118714,22588],{},[15,118715,118164],{},[158,118717,29137,118718,118720,118721],{},[15,118719,63816],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118722,73929],{},[20,118724,118725],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[40,118727,118729],{"className":42,"code":118728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118730,118731,118753,118779,118817],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118732,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118734,123],{"class":122},[49,118736,126],{"class":63},[49,118738,74019],{"class":122},[49,118740,2656],{"class":63},[49,118742,1731],{"class":80},[49,118744,84],{"class":63},[49,118746,81],{"class":80},[49,118748,84],{"class":63},[49,118750,97],{"class":80},[49,118752,2670],{"class":63},[49,118754,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,118756,123],{"class":122},[49,118758,126],{"class":63},[49,118760,1429],{"class":1428},[49,118762,126],{"class":63},[49,118764,74019],{"class":122},[49,118766,5183],{"class":63},[49,118768,1731],{"class":80},[49,118770,84],{"class":63},[49,118772,81],{"class":80},[49,118774,84],{"class":63},[49,118776,97],{"class":80},[49,118778,92872],{"class":63},[49,118780,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,118782,123],{"class":122},[49,118784,126],{"class":63},[49,118786,74019],{"class":122},[49,118788,2656],{"class":63},[49,118790,397],{"class":67},[49,118792,82868],{"class":71},[49,118794,397],{"class":67},[49,118796,84],{"class":63},[49,118798,406],{"class":67},[49,118800,3751],{"class":71},[49,118802,397],{"class":67},[49,118804,17544],{"class":63},[49,118806,21063],{"class":8847},[49,118808,60],{"class":59},[49,118810,3114],{"class":1428},[49,118812,109],{"class":63},[49,118814,8315],{"class":24235},[49,118816,1436],{"class":63},[49,118818,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,118820,123],{"class":122},[49,118822,126],{"class":63},[49,118824,74019],{"class":122},[49,118826,2656],{"class":63},[49,118828,1731],{"class":80},[49,118830,84],{"class":63},[49,118832,81],{"class":80},[49,118834,84],{"class":63},[49,118836,97],{"class":80},[49,118838,17544],{"class":63},[49,118840,77575],{"class":8847},[49,118842,60],{"class":59},[49,118844,3276],{"class":583},[49,118846,1436],{"class":63},[20,118848,118849,118850,109],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[72,118851,52273],{"href":50480},[35,118853,1498],{"id":1497},[591,118855,1502,118857,56666],{"id":118856},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118858,73929],{},[20,118860,118861],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[591,118863,1512,118865,1515],{"id":118864},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118866,73929],{},[20,118868,118869],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[591,118871,118873,118874,10754,118876,1529],{"id":118872},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118875,73929],{},[15,118877,77372],{},[20,118879,1762,118880,118882],{},[15,118881,73929],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[591,118884,1512,118886,85956,118888,1529],{"id":118885},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118887,118164],{},[15,118889,73929],{},[20,118891,118892],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[591,118894,4830,118896,118898,118899,1529],{"id":118895},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118897,73929],{}," give a ",[15,118900,2676],{},[20,118902,118903],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[35,118905,1550],{"id":1549},[155,118907,118908,118912,118920,118924,118930,118936],{},[158,118909,118910],{},[72,118911,79378],{"href":77881},[158,118913,118914],{},[72,118915,3247,118916,10249,118918,5455],{"href":78630},[15,118917,73929],{},[15,118919,77372],{},[158,118921,118922],{},[72,118923,52273],{"href":50480},[158,118925,118926],{},[72,118927,3247,118928,3180],{"href":41855},[15,118929,41858],{},[158,118931,118932],{},[72,118933,3247,118934,3180],{"href":91528},[15,118935,35241],{},[158,118937,118938],{},[72,118939,3247,118940,3180],{"href":35688},[15,118941,35691],{},[1597,118943,118944],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":118946},[118947,118948,118950,118953,118954,118961,118963,118965,118967,118973,118974,118986],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":117227,"depth":103,"text":118949},"What sorted() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":118951},[118952],{"id":16875,"depth":119,"text":16876},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":117466,"depth":103,"text":117467,"children":118955},[118956,118957,118958,118959,118960],{"id":7767,"depth":119,"text":117475},{"id":48453,"depth":119,"text":117539},{"id":5960,"depth":119,"text":117636},{"id":60678,"depth":119,"text":117700},{"id":15084,"depth":119,"text":28710},{"id":117905,"depth":103,"text":118962},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118161,"depth":103,"text":118964},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118433,"depth":103,"text":118966},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118489,"depth":103,"text":118490,"children":118968},[118969,118970,118972],{"id":118498,"depth":119,"text":118499},{"id":118553,"depth":119,"text":118971},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118616,"depth":119,"text":118617},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":118975},[118976,118978,118980,118982,118984],{"id":118856,"depth":119,"text":118977},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118864,"depth":119,"text":118979},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118872,"depth":119,"text":118981},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118885,"depth":119,"text":118983},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118895,"depth":119,"text":118985},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117129,"description":118987},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118994,"title":118995,"body":118996,"description":121107,"extension":1632,"meta":121108,"navigation":312,"path":78630,"seo":121109,"stem":121110,"__hash__":121111},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118997,"toc":121054},[118998,119005,119008,119018,119024,119027,119045,119053,119055,119114,119122,119126,119148,119152,119156,119158,119175,119177,119189,119195,119279,119283,119330,119336,119343,119347,119352,119354,119366,119371,119424,119428,119448,119455,119462,119466,119469,119488,119492,119606,119610,119680,119682,119694,119699,119703,119716,119720,119795,119799,119838,119845,119851,119856,119860,119874,119878,119943,119947,119980,119983,119988,119996,120003,120016,120019,120023,120106,120110,120147,120151,120254,120258,120319,120324,120331,120335,120338,120344,120347,120414,120418,120442,120444,120462,120469,120522,120526,120546,120552,120554,120611,120618,120644,120649,120654,120662,120668,120728,120732,120779,120782,120784,120787,120813,120816,120909,120911,120931,120935,120938,120956,120962,120964,120972,120977,120984,120987,120993,120996,121002,121010,121018,121023,121025,121051],[10,118999,3247,119001,10249,119003,92586],{"id":119000},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119002,73929],{},[15,119004,77372],{},[20,119006,119007],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[155,119009,119010,119014],{},[158,119011,119012],{},[15,119013,73929],{},[158,119015,119016],{},[15,119017,77372],{},[20,119019,119020,119021,119023],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[30,119022,600],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119025,119026],{},"The main difference is simple:",[155,119028,119029,119037],{},[158,119030,1762,119031,119033,119034],{},[15,119032,73929],{}," when you want a ",[30,119035,119036],{},"new sorted result",[158,119038,1762,119039,119041,119042],{},[15,119040,77372],{}," when you want to ",[30,119043,119044],{},"change the original list",[20,119046,119047,119048,480,119050,119052],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119049,77372],{},[15,119051,169],{}," and causes confusion.",[35,119054,3281],{"id":3280},[40,119056,119058],{"className":42,"code":119057,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119059,119060,119080,119084,119101],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119061,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119063,3291],{"class":55},[49,119065,60],{"class":59},[49,119067,3296],{"class":63},[49,119069,1731],{"class":80},[49,119071,84],{"class":63},[49,119073,81],{"class":80},[49,119075,84],{"class":63},[49,119077,97],{"class":80},[49,119079,3309],{"class":63},[49,119081,119082],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119083,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119085,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,119087,55392],{"class":55},[49,119089,60],{"class":59},[49,119091,74063],{"class":122},[49,119093,126],{"class":63},[49,119095,3323],{"class":112},[49,119097,131],{"class":63},[49,119099,119100],{"class":134},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[49,119102,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,119104,3323],{"class":55},[49,119106,109],{"class":63},[49,119108,34290],{"class":112},[49,119110,7037],{"class":63},[49,119112,119113],{"class":134},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119115,1762,119116,119118,119119,119121],{},[15,119117,73929],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119120,77372],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[35,119123,119125],{"id":119124},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[155,119127,119128,119133,119138,119145],{},[158,119129,1762,119130,119132],{},[15,119131,73929],{}," to get a new sorted list",[158,119134,1762,119135,119137],{},[15,119136,77372],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[158,119139,119140,119141,480,119143],{},"Understand why ",[15,119142,77372],{},[15,119144,169],{},[158,119146,119147],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[35,119149,144,119150,147],{"id":117227},[15,119151,73929],{},[20,119153,119154,62430],{},[15,119155,73929],{},[20,119157,48427],{},[155,119159,119160,119166,119172],{},[158,119161,119162,119163],{},"returns a ",[30,119164,119165],{},"new list",[158,119167,119168,119169,119171],{},"does ",[30,119170,600],{}," change the original data",[158,119173,119174],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119176,50634],{},[155,119178,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187],{},[158,119180,4972],{},[158,119182,4975],{},[158,119184,4981],{},[158,119186,4978],{},[158,119188,35402],{},[591,119190,34569,119192,119194],{"id":119191},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119193,73929],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[40,119196,119198],{"className":42,"code":119197,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119199,119200,119220,119224,119238,119242,119260],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119201,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119203,3291],{"class":55},[49,119205,60],{"class":59},[49,119207,3296],{"class":63},[49,119209,1731],{"class":80},[49,119211,84],{"class":63},[49,119213,81],{"class":80},[49,119215,84],{"class":63},[49,119217,97],{"class":80},[49,119219,3309],{"class":63},[49,119221,119222],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119223,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119225,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,119227,534],{"class":55},[49,119229,60],{"class":59},[49,119231,74063],{"class":122},[49,119233,126],{"class":63},[49,119235,3323],{"class":112},[49,119237,335],{"class":63},[49,119239,119240],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,119241,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119243,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256,119258],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,119245,123],{"class":122},[49,119247,126],{"class":63},[49,119249,68],{"class":67},[49,119251,933],{"class":71},[49,119253,68],{"class":67},[49,119255,84],{"class":63},[49,119257,3936],{"class":112},[49,119259,335],{"class":63},[49,119261,119262,119264,119266,119268,119271,119273,119275,119277],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,119263,123],{"class":122},[49,119265,126],{"class":63},[49,119267,68],{"class":67},[49,119269,119270],{"class":71},"sorted result:",[49,119272,68],{"class":67},[49,119274,84],{"class":63},[49,119276,80722],{"class":112},[49,119278,335],{"class":63},[20,119280,119281],{},[30,119282,573],{},[40,119284,119286],{"className":42,"code":119285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119287,119288,119308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119289,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119291,912],{"class":55},[49,119293,77],{"class":63},[49,119295,3296],{"class":63},[49,119297,1731],{"class":80},[49,119299,84],{"class":63},[49,119301,81],{"class":80},[49,119303,84],{"class":63},[49,119305,97],{"class":80},[49,119307,3309],{"class":63},[49,119309,119310,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322,119324,119326,119328],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119311,74019],{"class":122},[49,119313,80722],{"class":55},[49,119315,77],{"class":63},[49,119317,3296],{"class":63},[49,119319,2659],{"class":80},[49,119321,84],{"class":63},[49,119323,97],{"class":80},[49,119325,84],{"class":63},[49,119327,2120],{"class":80},[49,119329,3309],{"class":63},[20,119331,119332,119333,119335],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119334,3323],{}," stays the same.",[20,119337,119338,119339,109],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[72,119340,3247,119341,3180],{"href":74026},[15,119342,73929],{},[35,119344,144,119345,147],{"id":77438},[15,119346,77372],{},[20,119348,119349,119351],{},[15,119350,63816],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119353,48427],{},[155,119355,119356,119359,119362],{},[158,119357,119358],{},"changes the original list directly",[158,119360,119361],{},"only works on lists",[158,119363,3365,119364],{},[15,119365,169],{},[591,119367,34569,119369,73467],{"id":119368},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119370,77372],{},[40,119372,119374],{"className":42,"code":119373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119375,119376,119396,119400,119410,119414],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119377,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119379,3291],{"class":55},[49,119381,60],{"class":59},[49,119383,3296],{"class":63},[49,119385,1731],{"class":80},[49,119387,84],{"class":63},[49,119389,81],{"class":80},[49,119391,84],{"class":63},[49,119393,97],{"class":80},[49,119395,3309],{"class":63},[49,119397,119398],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119399,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119401,119402,119404,119406,119408],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,119403,3323],{"class":55},[49,119405,109],{"class":63},[49,119407,34290],{"class":112},[49,119409,116],{"class":63},[49,119411,119412],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,119413,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119415,119416,119418,119420,119422],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,119417,123],{"class":122},[49,119419,126],{"class":63},[49,119421,3323],{"class":112},[49,119423,335],{"class":63},[20,119425,119426],{},[30,119427,573],{},[40,119429,119430],{"className":42,"code":54652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,119431,119432],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119433,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119435,3573],{"class":63},[49,119437,2659],{"class":80},[49,119439,84],{"class":63},[49,119441,97],{"class":80},[49,119443,84],{"class":63},[49,119445,2120],{"class":80},[49,119447,3309],{"class":63},[20,119449,119450,119451,119454],{},"After calling ",[15,119452,119453],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119456,119457,119458,109],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[72,119459,3247,119460,1571],{"href":74280},[15,119461,77372],{},[35,119463,119465],{"id":119464},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119467,119468],{},"Here is the core difference:",[155,119470,119471,119480],{},[158,119472,119473,119476,119477],{},[15,119474,119475],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[30,119478,119479],{},"new sorted list",[158,119481,119482,119485,119486,73837],{},[15,119483,119484],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119487,8013],{},[591,119489,119491],{"id":119490},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[40,119493,119495],{"className":42,"code":119494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119496,119497,119517,119521,119535,119554,119573,119577,119587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119498,119499,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119500,3291],{"class":55},[49,119502,60],{"class":59},[49,119504,3296],{"class":63},[49,119506,1807],{"class":80},[49,119508,84],{"class":63},[49,119510,97],{"class":80},[49,119512,84],{"class":63},[49,119514,2126],{"class":80},[49,119516,3309],{"class":63},[49,119518,119519],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119520,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119522,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531,119533],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,119524,2224],{"class":55},[49,119526,60],{"class":59},[49,119528,74063],{"class":122},[49,119530,126],{"class":63},[49,119532,3323],{"class":112},[49,119534,335],{"class":63},[49,119536,119537,119539,119541,119543,119546,119548,119550,119552],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,119538,123],{"class":122},[49,119540,126],{"class":63},[49,119542,68],{"class":67},[49,119544,119545],{"class":71},"numbers after sorted():",[49,119547,68],{"class":67},[49,119549,84],{"class":63},[49,119551,3936],{"class":112},[49,119553,335],{"class":63},[49,119555,119556,119558,119560,119562,119565,119567,119569,119571],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,119557,123],{"class":122},[49,119559,126],{"class":63},[49,119561,68],{"class":67},[49,119563,119564],{"class":71},"a:",[49,119566,68],{"class":67},[49,119568,84],{"class":63},[49,119570,56390],{"class":112},[49,119572,335],{"class":63},[49,119574,119575],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,119576,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119578,119579,119581,119583,119585],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,119580,3323],{"class":55},[49,119582,109],{"class":63},[49,119584,34290],{"class":112},[49,119586,116],{"class":63},[49,119588,119589,119591,119593,119595,119598,119600,119602,119604],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,119590,123],{"class":122},[49,119592,126],{"class":63},[49,119594,68],{"class":67},[49,119596,119597],{"class":71},"numbers after sort():",[49,119599,68],{"class":67},[49,119601,84],{"class":63},[49,119603,3936],{"class":112},[49,119605,335],{"class":63},[20,119607,119608],{},[30,119609,573],{},[40,119611,119613],{"className":42,"code":119612,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119614,119615,119638,119658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119616,119617,119620,119622,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632,119634,119636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119618,119619],{"class":55},"numbers after ",[49,119621,74019],{"class":122},[49,119623,29071],{"class":63},[49,119625,3296],{"class":63},[49,119627,1807],{"class":80},[49,119629,84],{"class":63},[49,119631,97],{"class":80},[49,119633,84],{"class":63},[49,119635,2126],{"class":80},[49,119637,3309],{"class":63},[49,119639,119640,119642,119644,119646,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119641,72],{"class":55},[49,119643,77],{"class":63},[49,119645,3296],{"class":63},[49,119647,1725],{"class":80},[49,119649,84],{"class":63},[49,119651,2126],{"class":80},[49,119653,84],{"class":63},[49,119655,4279],{"class":80},[49,119657,3309],{"class":63},[49,119659,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,119661,119619],{"class":55},[49,119663,34290],{"class":112},[49,119665,29071],{"class":63},[49,119667,3296],{"class":63},[49,119669,1725],{"class":80},[49,119671,84],{"class":63},[49,119673,2126],{"class":80},[49,119675,84],{"class":63},[49,119677,4279],{"class":80},[49,119679,3309],{"class":63},[20,119681,10377],{},[155,119683,119684,119689],{},[158,119685,119686,119688],{},[15,119687,73929],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[158,119690,119691,119693],{},[15,119692,63816],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[35,119695,1223,119697],{"id":119696},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119698,73929],{},[20,119700,1762,119701,10265],{},[15,119702,73929],{},[155,119704,119705,119708,119710,119713],{},[158,119706,119707],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[158,119709,118477],{},[158,119711,119712],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[158,119714,119715],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[591,119717,119719],{"id":119718},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[40,119721,119723],{"className":42,"code":119722,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119724,119725,119749,119753,119767,119771,119781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119726,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119728,3291],{"class":55},[49,119730,60],{"class":59},[49,119732,8907],{"class":63},[49,119734,2174],{"class":80},[49,119736,84],{"class":63},[49,119738,81],{"class":80},[49,119740,84],{"class":63},[49,119742,2120],{"class":80},[49,119744,84],{"class":63},[49,119746,97],{"class":80},[49,119748,335],{"class":63},[49,119750,119751],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119752,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119754,119755,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,119756,534],{"class":55},[49,119758,60],{"class":59},[49,119760,74063],{"class":122},[49,119762,126],{"class":63},[49,119764,3323],{"class":112},[49,119766,335],{"class":63},[49,119768,119769],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,119770,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119772,119773,119775,119777,119779],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,119774,123],{"class":122},[49,119776,126],{"class":63},[49,119778,558],{"class":112},[49,119780,335],{"class":63},[49,119782,119783,119785,119787,119789,119791,119793],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,119784,123],{"class":122},[49,119786,126],{"class":63},[49,119788,1429],{"class":1428},[49,119790,126],{"class":63},[49,119792,558],{"class":112},[49,119794,1436],{"class":63},[20,119796,119797],{},[30,119798,573],{},[40,119800,119802],{"className":42,"code":119801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119803,119804,119824],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119805,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119807,3573],{"class":63},[49,119809,2659],{"class":80},[49,119811,84],{"class":63},[49,119813,97],{"class":80},[49,119815,84],{"class":63},[49,119817,2120],{"class":80},[49,119819,84],{"class":63},[49,119821,2126],{"class":80},[49,119823,3309],{"class":63},[49,119825,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119827,2962],{"class":59},[49,119829,2965],{"class":1734},[49,119831,406],{"class":67},[49,119833,7767],{"class":71},[49,119835,397],{"class":67},[49,119837,2974],{"class":59},[20,119839,1954,119840,119842,119843,109],{},[15,119841,73929],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[30,119844,7767],{},[20,119846,119847,119848,119850],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[72,119849,52273],{"href":50480}," is a helpful next step.",[35,119852,1223,119854],{"id":119853},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119855,77372],{},[20,119857,1762,119858,10265],{},[15,119859,77372],{},[155,119861,119862,119865,119868,119871],{},[158,119863,119864],{},"you already have a list",[158,119866,119867],{},"you want to update that list directly",[158,119869,119870],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[158,119872,119873],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[591,119875,119877],{"id":119876},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[40,119879,119881],{"className":42,"code":119880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119882,119883,119915,119919,119929,119933],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119884,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899,119901,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119886,4668],{"class":55},[49,119888,60],{"class":59},[49,119890,3296],{"class":63},[49,119892,68],{"class":67},[49,119894,4695],{"class":71},[49,119896,68],{"class":67},[49,119898,84],{"class":63},[49,119900,87],{"class":67},[49,119902,4677],{"class":71},[49,119904,68],{"class":67},[49,119906,84],{"class":63},[49,119908,87],{"class":67},[49,119910,4686],{"class":71},[49,119912,68],{"class":67},[49,119914,3309],{"class":63},[49,119916,119917],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,119918,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119920,119921,119923,119925,119927],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,119922,4712],{"class":55},[49,119924,109],{"class":63},[49,119926,34290],{"class":112},[49,119928,116],{"class":63},[49,119930,119931],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,119932,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,119934,119935,119937,119939,119941],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,119936,123],{"class":122},[49,119938,126],{"class":63},[49,119940,4712],{"class":112},[49,119942,335],{"class":63},[20,119944,119945],{},[30,119946,573],{},[40,119948,119950],{"className":42,"code":119949,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119951,119952],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119953,119954,119956,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119955,3573],{"class":63},[49,119957,397],{"class":67},[49,119959,4677],{"class":71},[49,119961,397],{"class":67},[49,119963,84],{"class":63},[49,119965,406],{"class":67},[49,119967,4686],{"class":71},[49,119969,397],{"class":67},[49,119971,84],{"class":63},[49,119973,406],{"class":67},[49,119975,4695],{"class":71},[49,119977,397],{"class":67},[49,119979,3309],{"class":63},[20,119981,119982],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119984,119985,119986,109],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[72,119987,79378],{"href":77881},[35,119989,119991,1017,119993,119995],{"id":119990},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119992,73082],{},[15,119994,14320],{}," work with both",[20,119997,10254,119998,1017,120000,120002],{},[15,119999,73929],{},[15,120001,77372],{}," support:",[155,120004,120005,120010],{},[158,120006,120007,120009],{},[15,120008,77596],{}," for descending order",[158,120011,120012,120015],{},[15,120013,120014],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120017,120018],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[591,120020,120022],{"id":120021},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[40,120024,120026],{"className":42,"code":120025,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120027,120028,120048,120052,120074,120078,120096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120029,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120031,3291],{"class":55},[49,120033,60],{"class":59},[49,120035,3296],{"class":63},[49,120037,1731],{"class":80},[49,120039,84],{"class":63},[49,120041,81],{"class":80},[49,120043,84],{"class":63},[49,120045,97],{"class":80},[49,120047,3309],{"class":63},[49,120049,120050],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120051,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120053,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,120055,123],{"class":122},[49,120057,126],{"class":63},[49,120059,74019],{"class":122},[49,120061,126],{"class":63},[49,120063,3323],{"class":112},[49,120065,84],{"class":63},[49,120067,77575],{"class":8847},[49,120069,60],{"class":59},[49,120071,3276],{"class":583},[49,120073,1436],{"class":63},[49,120075,120076],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,120077,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120079,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,120081,3323],{"class":55},[49,120083,109],{"class":63},[49,120085,34290],{"class":112},[49,120087,126],{"class":63},[49,120089,73082],{"class":8847},[49,120091,60],{"class":59},[49,120093,3276],{"class":583},[49,120095,335],{"class":63},[49,120097,120098,120100,120102,120104],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,120099,123],{"class":122},[49,120101,126],{"class":63},[49,120103,3323],{"class":112},[49,120105,335],{"class":63},[20,120107,120108],{},[30,120109,573],{},[40,120111,120113],{"className":42,"code":120112,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120114,120115,120131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120116,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120118,3573],{"class":63},[49,120120,1731],{"class":80},[49,120122,84],{"class":63},[49,120124,97],{"class":80},[49,120126,84],{"class":63},[49,120128,81],{"class":80},[49,120130,3309],{"class":63},[49,120132,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120134,3573],{"class":63},[49,120136,1731],{"class":80},[49,120138,84],{"class":63},[49,120140,97],{"class":80},[49,120142,84],{"class":63},[49,120144,81],{"class":80},[49,120146,3309],{"class":63},[591,120148,120150],{"id":120149},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[40,120152,120154],{"className":42,"code":120153,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120155,120156,120188,120192,120218,120222,120244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120157,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120159,3742],{"class":55},[49,120161,60],{"class":59},[49,120163,3296],{"class":63},[49,120165,68],{"class":67},[49,120167,82868],{"class":71},[49,120169,68],{"class":67},[49,120171,84],{"class":63},[49,120173,87],{"class":67},[49,120175,3751],{"class":71},[49,120177,68],{"class":67},[49,120179,84],{"class":63},[49,120181,87],{"class":67},[49,120183,118342],{"class":71},[49,120185,68],{"class":67},[49,120187,3309],{"class":63},[49,120189,120190],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120191,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120193,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,120195,123],{"class":122},[49,120197,126],{"class":63},[49,120199,74019],{"class":122},[49,120201,126],{"class":63},[49,120203,3786],{"class":112},[49,120205,84],{"class":63},[49,120207,21063],{"class":8847},[49,120209,60],{"class":59},[49,120211,3114],{"class":1428},[49,120213,109],{"class":63},[49,120215,8315],{"class":24235},[49,120217,1436],{"class":63},[49,120219,120220],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,120221,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120223,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,120225,3786],{"class":55},[49,120227,109],{"class":63},[49,120229,34290],{"class":112},[49,120231,126],{"class":63},[49,120233,14320],{"class":8847},[49,120235,60],{"class":59},[49,120237,3114],{"class":1428},[49,120239,109],{"class":63},[49,120241,8315],{"class":24235},[49,120243,335],{"class":63},[49,120245,120246,120248,120250,120252],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,120247,123],{"class":122},[49,120249,126],{"class":63},[49,120251,3786],{"class":112},[49,120253,335],{"class":63},[20,120255,120256],{},[30,120257,573],{},[40,120259,120261],{"className":42,"code":120260,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120262,120263,120291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120264,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120266,3573],{"class":63},[49,120268,397],{"class":67},[49,120270,3751],{"class":71},[49,120272,397],{"class":67},[49,120274,84],{"class":63},[49,120276,406],{"class":67},[49,120278,82868],{"class":71},[49,120280,397],{"class":67},[49,120282,84],{"class":63},[49,120284,406],{"class":67},[49,120286,118342],{"class":71},[49,120288,397],{"class":67},[49,120290,3309],{"class":63},[49,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120294,3573],{"class":63},[49,120296,397],{"class":67},[49,120298,3751],{"class":71},[49,120300,397],{"class":67},[49,120302,84],{"class":63},[49,120304,406],{"class":67},[49,120306,82868],{"class":71},[49,120308,397],{"class":67},[49,120310,84],{"class":63},[49,120312,406],{"class":67},[49,120314,118342],{"class":71},[49,120316,397],{"class":67},[49,120318,3309],{"class":63},[20,120320,8092,120321,120323],{},[15,120322,78090],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120325,120326,120327,109],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[72,120328,120330],{"href":120329},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[35,120332,120334],{"id":120333},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120336,120337],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[591,120339,120341,120342,1389],{"id":120340},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120343,77372],{},[20,120345,120346],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[40,120348,120350],{"className":42,"code":120349,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120351,120352,120372,120376,120390,120394,120404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120353,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120355,3291],{"class":55},[49,120357,60],{"class":59},[49,120359,3296],{"class":63},[49,120361,1731],{"class":80},[49,120363,84],{"class":63},[49,120365,81],{"class":80},[49,120367,84],{"class":63},[49,120369,97],{"class":80},[49,120371,3309],{"class":63},[49,120373,120374],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120375,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120377,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,120379,534],{"class":55},[49,120381,60],{"class":59},[49,120383,3936],{"class":55},[49,120385,109],{"class":63},[49,120387,34290],{"class":112},[49,120389,116],{"class":63},[49,120391,120392],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,120393,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120395,120396,120398,120400,120402],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,120397,123],{"class":122},[49,120399,126],{"class":63},[49,120401,558],{"class":112},[49,120403,335],{"class":63},[49,120405,120406,120408,120410,120412],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,120407,123],{"class":122},[49,120409,126],{"class":63},[49,120411,3323],{"class":112},[49,120413,335],{"class":63},[20,120415,120416],{},[30,120417,573],{},[40,120419,120420],{"className":42,"code":78713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120421,120422,120426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120423,120424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120425,584],{"class":583},[49,120427,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120429,3573],{"class":63},[49,120431,2659],{"class":80},[49,120433,84],{"class":63},[49,120435,97],{"class":80},[49,120437,84],{"class":63},[49,120439,2120],{"class":80},[49,120441,3309],{"class":63},[20,120443,679],{},[155,120445,120446,120451,120456],{},[158,120447,120448,120450],{},[15,120449,119453],{}," sorts the list in place",[158,120452,34506,120453,120455],{},[30,120454,600],{}," return the sorted list",[158,120457,89492,120458,41652,120460],{},[15,120459,558],{},[15,120461,169],{},[591,120463,120465,120466,120468],{"id":120464},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120467,73929],{}," to change the original list",[40,120470,120472],{"className":42,"code":120471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120473,120474,120494,120498,120508,120512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120475,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120477,3291],{"class":55},[49,120479,60],{"class":59},[49,120481,3296],{"class":63},[49,120483,1731],{"class":80},[49,120485,84],{"class":63},[49,120487,81],{"class":80},[49,120489,84],{"class":63},[49,120491,97],{"class":80},[49,120493,3309],{"class":63},[49,120495,120496],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120497,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120499,120500,120502,120504,120506],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,120501,74019],{"class":122},[49,120503,126],{"class":63},[49,120505,3323],{"class":112},[49,120507,335],{"class":63},[49,120509,120510],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,120511,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120513,120514,120516,120518,120520],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,120515,123],{"class":122},[49,120517,126],{"class":63},[49,120519,3323],{"class":112},[49,120521,335],{"class":63},[20,120523,120524],{},[30,120525,573],{},[40,120527,120528],{"className":42,"code":118674,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120529,120530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120531,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120533,3573],{"class":63},[49,120535,1731],{"class":80},[49,120537,84],{"class":63},[49,120539,81],{"class":80},[49,120541,84],{"class":63},[49,120543,97],{"class":80},[49,120545,3309],{"class":63},[20,120547,120548,120551],{},[15,120549,120550],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120553,10469],{},[40,120555,120557],{"className":42,"code":120556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120558,120559,120579,120583,120597,120601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120560,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120562,3291],{"class":55},[49,120564,60],{"class":59},[49,120566,3296],{"class":63},[49,120568,1731],{"class":80},[49,120570,84],{"class":63},[49,120572,81],{"class":80},[49,120574,84],{"class":63},[49,120576,97],{"class":80},[49,120578,3309],{"class":63},[49,120580,120581],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120582,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120584,120585,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,120586,55144],{"class":55},[49,120588,60],{"class":59},[49,120590,74063],{"class":122},[49,120592,126],{"class":63},[49,120594,3323],{"class":112},[49,120596,335],{"class":63},[49,120598,120599],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,120600,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120602,120603,120605,120607,120609],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,120604,123],{"class":122},[49,120606,126],{"class":63},[49,120608,55163],{"class":112},[49,120610,335],{"class":63},[591,120612,120614,120615,120617],{"id":120613},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120616,63816],{}," on a tuple or string",[40,120619,120620],{"className":42,"code":78815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120621,120622,120634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120623,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120625,34178],{"class":55},[49,120627,60],{"class":59},[49,120629,87],{"class":67},[49,120631,44],{"class":71},[49,120633,301],{"class":67},[49,120635,120636,120638,120640,120642],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120637,34199],{"class":55},[49,120639,109],{"class":63},[49,120641,34290],{"class":112},[49,120643,116],{"class":63},[20,120645,120646,120647,33090],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120648,63816],{},[20,120650,120651,120653],{},[15,120652,63816],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120655,120656,120657,120659,120660,109],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120658,73929],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[72,120661,4810],{"href":5258},[591,120663,120665,120666,118711],{"id":120664},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120667,73929],{},[40,120669,120671],{"className":42,"code":120670,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120672,120673,120686,120700,120704,120714],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120674,120675,120677,120679,120681,120684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120676,34178],{"class":55},[49,120678,60],{"class":59},[49,120680,87],{"class":67},[49,120682,120683],{"class":71},"cab",[49,120685,301],{"class":67},[49,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120689,534],{"class":55},[49,120691,60],{"class":59},[49,120693,74063],{"class":122},[49,120695,126],{"class":63},[49,120697,34199],{"class":112},[49,120699,335],{"class":63},[49,120701,120702],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,120703,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,120705,120706,120708,120710,120712],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,120707,123],{"class":122},[49,120709,126],{"class":63},[49,120711,558],{"class":112},[49,120713,335],{"class":63},[49,120715,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,120717,123],{"class":122},[49,120719,126],{"class":63},[49,120721,1429],{"class":1428},[49,120723,126],{"class":63},[49,120725,558],{"class":112},[49,120727,1436],{"class":63},[20,120729,120730],{},[30,120731,573],{},[40,120733,120735],{"className":42,"code":120734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120736,120737,120765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120738,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753,120755,120757,120759,120761,120763],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120740,3573],{"class":63},[49,120742,397],{"class":67},[49,120744,72],{"class":71},[49,120746,397],{"class":67},[49,120748,84],{"class":63},[49,120750,406],{"class":67},[49,120752,90],{"class":71},[49,120754,397],{"class":67},[49,120756,84],{"class":63},[49,120758,406],{"class":67},[49,120760,9406],{"class":71},[49,120762,397],{"class":67},[49,120764,3309],{"class":63},[49,120766,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120768,2962],{"class":59},[49,120770,2965],{"class":1734},[49,120772,406],{"class":67},[49,120774,7767],{"class":71},[49,120776,397],{"class":67},[49,120778,2974],{"class":59},[20,120780,120781],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[35,120783,113232],{"id":113231},[20,120785,120786],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[155,120788,120789,120792,120797,120802,120808],{},[158,120790,120791],{},"confusing a function with a method",[158,120793,120794,120795,53146],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120796,63816],{},[158,120798,120799,120800,1389],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120801,77372],{},[158,120803,120804,120805,120807],{},"trying to use ",[15,120806,63816],{}," on non-list data types",[158,120809,50006,120810,120812],{},[15,120811,73929],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120814,120815],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,120817,120819],{"className":42,"code":120818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120820,120821,120831,120845,120870,120885,120895],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120822,120823,120825,120827,120829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120824,123],{"class":122},[49,120826,126],{"class":63},[49,120828,8013],{"class":112},[49,120830,335],{"class":63},[49,120832,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,120834,123],{"class":122},[49,120836,126],{"class":63},[49,120838,74019],{"class":122},[49,120840,126],{"class":63},[49,120842,8013],{"class":112},[49,120844,1436],{"class":63},[49,120846,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859,120862,120864,120866,120868],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,120848,534],{"class":55},[49,120850,60],{"class":59},[49,120852,8070],{"class":55},[49,120854,109],{"class":63},[49,120856,34290],{"class":112},[49,120858,7037],{"class":63},[49,120860,120861],{"class":55},"; ",[49,120863,123],{"class":122},[49,120865,126],{"class":63},[49,120867,558],{"class":112},[49,120869,335],{"class":63},[49,120871,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120883],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,120873,123],{"class":122},[49,120875,126],{"class":63},[49,120877,1429],{"class":1428},[49,120879,126],{"class":63},[49,120881,120882],{"class":112},"my_data",[49,120884,1436],{"class":63},[49,120886,120887,120889,120891,120893],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,120888,31641],{"class":122},[49,120890,126],{"class":63},[49,120892,74019],{"class":122},[49,120894,335],{"class":63},[49,120896,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,120898,31641],{"class":122},[49,120900,126],{"class":63},[49,120902,7767],{"class":1428},[49,120904,109],{"class":63},[49,120906,34290],{"class":24235},[49,120908,335],{"class":63},[20,120910,83878],{},[155,120912,120913,120916,120920,120928],{},[158,120914,120915],{},"whether your original list changed",[158,120917,25505,120918,475],{},[15,120919,73929],{},[158,120921,120922,120923,120925,120926],{},"whether ",[15,120924,63816],{}," returned ",[15,120927,169],{},[158,120929,120930],{},"what type of object you are working with",[35,120932,120934],{"id":120933},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120936,120937],{},"Use this rule:",[155,120939,120940,120948],{},[158,120941,120942,120943,120945,120946],{},"Need a ",[30,120944,119036],{},": use ",[15,120947,73929],{},[158,120949,120950,120951,120945,120954],{},"Need to ",[30,120952,120953],{},"change one list directly",[15,120955,77372],{},[20,120957,120958,120959,120961],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120960,73929],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[35,120963,1498],{"id":1497},[591,120965,120967,120968,2548,120970,1529],{"id":120966},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120969,73929],{},[15,120971,77372],{},[20,120973,120974,120976],{},[15,120975,73929],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[591,120978,4830,120980,4833,120982,1529],{"id":120979},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120981,77372],{},[15,120983,169],{},[20,120985,120986],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[591,120988,4842,120990,120992],{"id":120989},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120991,73929],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120994,120995],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[591,120997,27815,120999,121001],{"id":120998},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121000,63816],{}," on a string?",[20,121003,45864,121004,121006,121007,39425],{},[15,121005,63816],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121008,121009],{},"sorted(string)",[591,121011,597,121013,1017,121015,121017],{"id":121012},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121014,73929],{},[15,121016,63816],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121019,121020,121021,109],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121022,77596],{},[35,121024,1550],{"id":1549},[155,121026,121027,121033,121039,121043,121047],{},[158,121028,121029],{},[72,121030,3247,121031,3180],{"href":74026},[15,121032,73929],{},[158,121034,121035],{},[72,121036,3247,121037,1571],{"href":74280},[15,121038,77372],{},[158,121040,121041],{},[72,121042,79378],{"href":77881},[158,121044,121045],{},[72,121046,120330],{"href":120329},[158,121048,121049],{},[72,121050,52273],{"href":50480},[1597,121052,121053],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":121055},[121056,121057,121058,121062,121066,121069,121073,121077,121082,121092,121093,121094,121106],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":119124,"depth":103,"text":119125},{"id":117227,"depth":103,"text":118949,"children":121059},[121060],{"id":119191,"depth":119,"text":121061},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77438,"depth":103,"text":79400,"children":121063},[121064],{"id":119368,"depth":119,"text":121065},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119464,"depth":103,"text":119465,"children":121067},[121068],{"id":119490,"depth":119,"text":119491},{"id":119696,"depth":103,"text":121070,"children":121071},"When to use sorted()",[121072],{"id":119718,"depth":119,"text":119719},{"id":119853,"depth":103,"text":121074,"children":121075},"When to use list.sort()",[121076],{"id":119876,"depth":119,"text":119877},{"id":119990,"depth":103,"text":121078,"children":121079},"reverse and key work with both",[121080,121081],{"id":120021,"depth":119,"text":120022},{"id":120149,"depth":119,"text":120150},{"id":120333,"depth":103,"text":120334,"children":121083},[121084,121086,121088,121090],{"id":120340,"depth":119,"text":121085},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120464,"depth":119,"text":121087},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120613,"depth":119,"text":121089},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120664,"depth":119,"text":121091},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113231,"depth":103,"text":113232},{"id":120933,"depth":103,"text":120934},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":121095},[121096,121098,121100,121102,121104],{"id":120966,"depth":119,"text":121097},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120979,"depth":119,"text":121099},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120989,"depth":119,"text":121101},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120998,"depth":119,"text":121103},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121012,"depth":119,"text":121105},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118995,"description":121107},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121113,"title":41673,"body":121114,"description":122846,"extension":1632,"meta":122847,"navigation":312,"path":122848,"seo":122849,"stem":122850,"__hash__":122851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121115,"toc":122803},[121116,121121,121126,121132,121134,121189,121193,121216,121221,121226,121231,121233,121264,121267,121281,121283,121285,121300,121305,121309,121312,121363,121367,121381,121388,121392,121396,121451,121455,121478,121482,121538,121542,121565,121569,121624,121628,121651,121655,121722,121726,121761,121767,121772,121777,121779,121793,121795,121869,121873,121893,121898,121905,121908,121920,121922,121991,121995,122032,122035,122060,122067,122076,122079,122091,122097,122103,122105,122111,122116,122195,122199,122240,122244,122246,122273,122276,122299,122302,122308,122311,122348,122360,122367,122369,122420,122423,122455,122458,122460,122467,122469,122484,122486,122543,122547,122571,122573,122578,122594,122601,122605,122608,122691,122701,122703,122708,122711,122717,122720,122726,122729,122735,122738,122745,122753,122755,122800],[10,121117,3247,121119,3251],{"id":121118},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121120,47183],{},[20,121122,31806,121123,121125],{},[15,121124,47183],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121127,121128,121129,121131],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121130,47183],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[35,121133,38],{"id":37},[40,121135,121137],{"className":42,"code":121136,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121138,121139,121147,121161,121165,121175],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121140,121141,121143,121145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121142,21112],{"class":55},[49,121144,60],{"class":59},[49,121146,44724],{"class":80},[49,121148,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157,121159],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121150,34178],{"class":55},[49,121152,60],{"class":59},[49,121154,48404],{"class":1428},[49,121156,126],{"class":63},[49,121158,272],{"class":112},[49,121160,335],{"class":63},[49,121162,121163],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,121164,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,121166,121167,121169,121171,121173],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,121168,123],{"class":122},[49,121170,126],{"class":63},[49,121172,34199],{"class":112},[49,121174,335],{"class":63},[49,121176,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,121178,123],{"class":122},[49,121180,126],{"class":63},[49,121182,1429],{"class":1428},[49,121184,126],{"class":63},[49,121186,34199],{"class":112},[49,121188,1436],{"class":63},[20,121190,121191],{},[30,121192,573],{},[40,121194,121196],{"className":42,"code":121195,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121197,121198,121202],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121199,121200],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121201,2379],{"class":80},[49,121203,121204,121206,121208,121210,121212,121214],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121205,2962],{"class":59},[49,121207,2965],{"class":1734},[49,121209,406],{"class":67},[49,121211,3114],{"class":71},[49,121213,397],{"class":67},[49,121215,2974],{"class":59},[20,121217,1762,121218,121220],{},[15,121219,47183],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[35,121222,144,121224,147],{"id":121223},"what-str-does",[15,121225,47183],{},[20,121227,121228,121230],{},[15,121229,47183],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121232,1777],{},[155,121234,121235,121242,121249,121256],{},[158,121236,121237,121238,41652,121240],{},"An integer like ",[15,121239,1999],{},[15,121241,41623],{},[158,121243,121244,121245,41652,121247],{},"A float like ",[15,121246,39639],{},[15,121248,47594],{},[158,121250,121251,121252,41652,121254],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121253,3276],{},[15,121255,6311],{},[158,121257,121258,121259,41652,121261],{},"A list like ",[15,121260,74751],{},[15,121262,121263],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121265,121266],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[155,121268,121269,121272,121275,121278],{},[158,121270,121271],{},"print it",[158,121273,121274],{},"combine it with other strings",[158,121276,121277],{},"save it to a file",[158,121279,121280],{},"use it in messages",[35,121282,189],{"id":188},[20,121284,6889],{},[40,121286,121288],{"className":42,"code":121287,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"str(object)\n",[15,121289,121290],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121291,121292,121294,121296,121298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121293,3114],{"class":1428},[49,121295,126],{"class":63},[49,121297,41896],{"class":1428},[49,121299,335],{"class":63},[20,121301,20254,121302,121304],{},[15,121303,41896],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121306,121307,7899],{},[15,121308,47183],{},[20,121310,121311],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[40,121313,121315],{"className":42,"code":121314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121316,121317,121326,121349,121353],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121318,121319,121321,121323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121320,4769],{"class":55},[49,121322,60],{"class":59},[49,121324,121325],{"class":80}," 100\n",[49,121327,121328,121330,121332,121334,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345,121347],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121329,89512],{"class":55},[49,121331,60],{"class":59},[49,121333,87],{"class":67},[49,121335,121336],{"class":71},"Your score is ",[49,121338,68],{"class":67},[49,121340,2123],{"class":59},[49,121342,48404],{"class":1428},[49,121344,126],{"class":63},[49,121346,85025],{"class":112},[49,121348,335],{"class":63},[49,121350,121351],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,121352,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,121354,121355,121357,121359,121361],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,121356,123],{"class":122},[49,121358,126],{"class":63},[49,121360,89529],{"class":112},[49,121362,335],{"class":63},[20,121364,121365],{},[30,121366,573],{},[40,121368,121370],{"className":42,"code":121369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121371,121372],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121373,121374,121377,121379],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121375,121376],{"class":55},"Your score ",[49,121378,974],{"class":59},[49,121380,121325],{"class":80},[20,121382,1964,121383,121387],{},[72,121384,121385,1971],{"href":1967},[15,121386,1970],{}," can help you check.",[35,121389,121391],{"id":121390},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[591,121393,121395],{"id":121394},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[40,121397,121399],{"className":42,"code":121398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121400,121401,121409,121423,121427,121437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121402,121403,121405,121407],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121404,1886],{"class":55},[49,121406,60],{"class":59},[49,121408,2257],{"class":80},[49,121410,121411,121413,121415,121417,121419,121421],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121412,34178],{"class":55},[49,121414,60],{"class":59},[49,121416,48404],{"class":1428},[49,121418,126],{"class":63},[49,121420,1908],{"class":112},[49,121422,335],{"class":63},[49,121424,121425],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,121426,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,121428,121429,121431,121433,121435],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,121430,123],{"class":122},[49,121432,126],{"class":63},[49,121434,34199],{"class":112},[49,121436,335],{"class":63},[49,121438,121439,121441,121443,121445,121447,121449],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,121440,123],{"class":122},[49,121442,126],{"class":63},[49,121444,1429],{"class":1428},[49,121446,126],{"class":63},[49,121448,34199],{"class":112},[49,121450,1436],{"class":63},[20,121452,121453],{},[30,121454,573],{},[40,121456,121458],{"className":42,"code":121457,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121459,121460,121464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121461,121462],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121463,2045],{"class":80},[49,121465,121466,121468,121470,121472,121474,121476],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121467,2962],{"class":59},[49,121469,2965],{"class":1734},[49,121471,406],{"class":67},[49,121473,3114],{"class":71},[49,121475,397],{"class":67},[49,121477,2974],{"class":59},[591,121479,121481],{"id":121480},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[40,121483,121485],{"className":42,"code":121484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121486,121487,121496,121510,121514,121524],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121488,121489,121491,121493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121490,39883],{"class":55},[49,121492,60],{"class":59},[49,121494,121495],{"class":80}," 3.14\n",[49,121497,121498,121500,121502,121504,121506,121508],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121499,34178],{"class":55},[49,121501,60],{"class":59},[49,121503,48404],{"class":1428},[49,121505,126],{"class":63},[49,121507,24635],{"class":112},[49,121509,335],{"class":63},[49,121511,121512],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,121513,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,121515,121516,121518,121520,121522],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,121517,123],{"class":122},[49,121519,126],{"class":63},[49,121521,34199],{"class":112},[49,121523,335],{"class":63},[49,121525,121526,121528,121530,121532,121534,121536],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,121527,123],{"class":122},[49,121529,126],{"class":63},[49,121531,1429],{"class":1428},[49,121533,126],{"class":63},[49,121535,34199],{"class":112},[49,121537,1436],{"class":63},[20,121539,121540],{},[30,121541,573],{},[40,121543,121545],{"className":42,"code":121544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121546,121547,121551],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121548,121549],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121550,39673],{"class":80},[49,121552,121553,121555,121557,121559,121561,121563],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121554,2962],{"class":59},[49,121556,2965],{"class":1734},[49,121558,406],{"class":67},[49,121560,3114],{"class":71},[49,121562,397],{"class":67},[49,121564,2974],{"class":59},[591,121566,121568],{"id":121567},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[40,121570,121572],{"className":42,"code":121571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121573,121574,121582,121596,121600,121610],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121575,121576,121578,121580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121577,2115],{"class":55},[49,121579,60],{"class":59},[49,121581,1308],{"class":583},[49,121583,121584,121586,121588,121590,121592,121594],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121585,34178],{"class":55},[49,121587,60],{"class":59},[49,121589,48404],{"class":1428},[49,121591,126],{"class":63},[49,121593,2142],{"class":112},[49,121595,335],{"class":63},[49,121597,121598],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,121599,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,121601,121602,121604,121606,121608],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,121603,123],{"class":122},[49,121605,126],{"class":63},[49,121607,34199],{"class":112},[49,121609,335],{"class":63},[49,121611,121612,121614,121616,121618,121620,121622],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,121613,123],{"class":122},[49,121615,126],{"class":63},[49,121617,1429],{"class":1428},[49,121619,126],{"class":63},[49,121621,34199],{"class":112},[49,121623,1436],{"class":63},[20,121625,121626],{},[30,121627,573],{},[40,121629,121631],{"className":42,"code":121630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121632,121633,121637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121634,121635],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121636,1007],{"class":583},[49,121638,121639,121641,121643,121645,121647,121649],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121640,2962],{"class":59},[49,121642,2965],{"class":1734},[49,121644,406],{"class":67},[49,121646,3114],{"class":71},[49,121648,397],{"class":67},[49,121650,2974],{"class":59},[591,121652,121654],{"id":121653},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[40,121656,121658],{"className":42,"code":121657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121659,121660,121680,121694,121698,121708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121661,121662,121664,121666,121668,121670,121672,121674,121676,121678],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121663,7451],{"class":55},[49,121665,60],{"class":59},[49,121667,3296],{"class":63},[49,121669,2659],{"class":80},[49,121671,84],{"class":63},[49,121673,97],{"class":80},[49,121675,84],{"class":63},[49,121677,2120],{"class":80},[49,121679,3309],{"class":63},[49,121681,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690,121692],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121683,34178],{"class":55},[49,121685,60],{"class":59},[49,121687,48404],{"class":1428},[49,121689,126],{"class":63},[49,121691,7482],{"class":112},[49,121693,335],{"class":63},[49,121695,121696],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,121697,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,121699,121700,121702,121704,121706],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,121701,123],{"class":122},[49,121703,126],{"class":63},[49,121705,34199],{"class":112},[49,121707,335],{"class":63},[49,121709,121710,121712,121714,121716,121718,121720],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,121711,123],{"class":122},[49,121713,126],{"class":63},[49,121715,1429],{"class":1428},[49,121717,126],{"class":63},[49,121719,34199],{"class":112},[49,121721,1436],{"class":63},[20,121723,121724],{},[30,121725,573],{},[40,121727,121729],{"className":42,"code":121728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121730,121731,121747],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121732,121733,121735,121737,121739,121741,121743,121745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121734,3573],{"class":63},[49,121736,2659],{"class":80},[49,121738,84],{"class":63},[49,121740,97],{"class":80},[49,121742,84],{"class":63},[49,121744,2120],{"class":80},[49,121746,3309],{"class":63},[49,121748,121749,121751,121753,121755,121757,121759],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121750,2962],{"class":59},[49,121752,2965],{"class":1734},[49,121754,406],{"class":67},[49,121756,3114],{"class":71},[49,121758,397],{"class":67},[49,121760,2974],{"class":59},[20,121762,121763,121764,121766],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[30,121765,600],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[35,121768,1223,121770],{"id":121769},"when-to-use-str",[15,121771,47183],{},[20,121773,1762,121774,121776],{},[15,121775,47183],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121778,35919],{},[155,121780,121781,121784,121787,121790],{},[158,121782,121783],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[158,121785,121786],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[158,121788,121789],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[158,121791,121792],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121794,1244],{},[40,121796,121798],{"className":42,"code":121797,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121799,121800,121812,121820,121824,121859],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121801,121802,121804,121806,121808,121810],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121803,7549],{"class":55},[49,121805,60],{"class":59},[49,121807,87],{"class":67},[49,121809,260],{"class":71},[49,121811,301],{"class":67},[49,121813,121814,121816,121818],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121815,21112],{"class":55},[49,121817,60],{"class":59},[49,121819,44724],{"class":80},[49,121821,121822],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,121823,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,121825,121826,121828,121830,121832,121834,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848,121850,121852,121854,121857],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,121827,89512],{"class":55},[49,121829,60],{"class":59},[49,121831,35461],{"class":55},[49,121833,1728],{"class":59},[49,121835,87],{"class":67},[49,121837,4457],{"class":71},[49,121839,68],{"class":67},[49,121841,2123],{"class":59},[49,121843,48404],{"class":1428},[49,121845,126],{"class":63},[49,121847,272],{"class":112},[49,121849,131],{"class":63},[49,121851,2123],{"class":59},[49,121853,87],{"class":67},[49,121855,121856],{"class":71}," years old.",[49,121858,301],{"class":67},[49,121860,121861,121863,121865,121867],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,121862,123],{"class":122},[49,121864,126],{"class":63},[49,121866,89529],{"class":112},[49,121868,335],{"class":63},[20,121870,121871],{},[30,121872,573],{},[40,121874,121876],{"className":42,"code":121875,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121877,121878],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121879,121880,121883,121885,121887,121890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121881,121882],{"class":55},"Maya ",[49,121884,974],{"class":59},[49,121886,279],{"class":80},[49,121888,121889],{"class":55}," years old",[49,121891,121892],{"class":63},".\n",[20,121894,121895,121896,109],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[72,121897,89198],{"href":89197},[35,121899,121901,10249,121903],{"id":121900},"str-vs-print",[15,121902,47183],{},[15,121904,45951],{},[20,121906,121907],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[155,121909,121910,121915],{},[158,121911,121912,121914],{},[15,121913,47183],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[158,121916,121917,121919],{},[15,121918,45951],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121921,1244],{},[40,121923,121925],{"className":42,"code":121924,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121926,121927,121935,121939,121953,121963,121977],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121928,121929,121931,121933],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121930,2115],{"class":55},[49,121932,60],{"class":59},[49,121934,2439],{"class":80},[49,121936,121937],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,121938,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,121940,121941,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,121942,34178],{"class":55},[49,121944,60],{"class":59},[49,121946,48404],{"class":1428},[49,121948,126],{"class":63},[49,121950,2142],{"class":112},[49,121952,335],{"class":63},[49,121954,121955,121957,121959,121961],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,121956,123],{"class":122},[49,121958,126],{"class":63},[49,121960,34199],{"class":112},[49,121962,335],{"class":63},[49,121964,121965,121967,121969,121971,121973,121975],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,121966,123],{"class":122},[49,121968,126],{"class":63},[49,121970,1429],{"class":1428},[49,121972,126],{"class":63},[49,121974,34199],{"class":112},[49,121976,1436],{"class":63},[49,121978,121979,121981,121983,121985,121987,121989],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,121980,123],{"class":122},[49,121982,126],{"class":63},[49,121984,1429],{"class":1428},[49,121986,126],{"class":63},[49,121988,2142],{"class":112},[49,121990,1436],{"class":63},[20,121992,121993],{},[30,121994,573],{},[40,121996,121998],{"className":42,"code":121997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121999,122000,122004,122018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122001,122002],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122003,46111],{"class":80},[49,122005,122006,122008,122010,122012,122014,122016],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122007,2962],{"class":59},[49,122009,2965],{"class":1734},[49,122011,406],{"class":67},[49,122013,3114],{"class":71},[49,122015,397],{"class":67},[49,122017,2974],{"class":59},[49,122019,122020,122022,122024,122026,122028,122030],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,122021,2962],{"class":59},[49,122023,2965],{"class":1734},[49,122025,406],{"class":67},[49,122027,1857],{"class":71},[49,122029,397],{"class":67},[49,122031,2974],{"class":59},[20,122033,122034],{},"Notice:",[155,122036,122037,122043,122048],{},[158,122038,122039,122042],{},[15,122040,122041],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[158,122044,122045,122047],{},[15,122046,45951],{}," only displayed values",[158,122049,122050,122052,122053,122055,122056,60805,122058],{},[15,122051,45951],{}," did not change ",[15,122054,2142],{}," from ",[15,122057,1857],{},[15,122059,3114],{},[20,122061,122062,122063,109],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[72,122064,122065,1971],{"href":45948},[15,122066,45951],{},[35,122068,122070,10249,122072,122075],{"id":122069},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122071,47183],{},[15,122073,122074],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122077,122078],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[155,122080,122081,122086],{},[158,122082,122083,122085],{},[15,122084,47183],{}," is the more readable text version",[158,122087,122088,122090],{},[15,122089,122074],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122092,122093,122094,122096],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122095,47183],{}," much more often.",[20,122098,122099,122100,122102],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122101,47183],{}," is usually the right choice.",[35,122104,4192],{"id":4191},[591,122106,25260,122108,122110],{"id":122107},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122109,47183],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122112,122113,122115],{},[15,122114,47183],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[40,122117,122119],{"className":42,"code":122118,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122120,122121,122129,122143,122147,122157,122171,122181],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122122,122123,122125,122127],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122124,21112],{"class":55},[49,122126,60],{"class":59},[49,122128,44724],{"class":80},[49,122130,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122132,34178],{"class":55},[49,122134,60],{"class":59},[49,122136,48404],{"class":1428},[49,122138,126],{"class":63},[49,122140,272],{"class":112},[49,122142,335],{"class":63},[49,122144,122145],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,122146,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,122148,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,122150,123],{"class":122},[49,122152,126],{"class":63},[49,122154,272],{"class":112},[49,122156,335],{"class":63},[49,122158,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,122160,123],{"class":122},[49,122162,126],{"class":63},[49,122164,1429],{"class":1428},[49,122166,126],{"class":63},[49,122168,272],{"class":112},[49,122170,1436],{"class":63},[49,122172,122173,122175,122177,122179],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,122174,123],{"class":122},[49,122176,126],{"class":63},[49,122178,34199],{"class":112},[49,122180,335],{"class":63},[49,122182,122183,122185,122187,122189,122191,122193],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,122184,123],{"class":122},[49,122186,126],{"class":63},[49,122188,1429],{"class":1428},[49,122190,126],{"class":63},[49,122192,34199],{"class":112},[49,122194,1436],{"class":63},[20,122196,122197],{},[30,122198,573],{},[40,122200,122202],{"className":42,"code":122201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122203,122204,122208,122222,122226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122205,122206],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122207,2379],{"class":80},[49,122209,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122211,2962],{"class":59},[49,122213,2965],{"class":1734},[49,122215,406],{"class":67},[49,122217,1857],{"class":71},[49,122219,397],{"class":67},[49,122221,2974],{"class":59},[49,122223,122224],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,122225,2379],{"class":80},[49,122227,122228,122230,122232,122234,122236,122238],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,122229,2962],{"class":59},[49,122231,2965],{"class":1734},[49,122233,406],{"class":67},[49,122235,3114],{"class":71},[49,122237,397],{"class":67},[49,122239,2974],{"class":59},[591,122241,122243],{"id":122242},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122245,6358],{},[40,122247,122249],{"className":42,"code":122248,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122250,122251,122259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122252,122253,122255,122257],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122254,21112],{"class":55},[49,122256,60],{"class":59},[49,122258,44724],{"class":80},[49,122260,122261,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122262,34178],{"class":55},[49,122264,60],{"class":59},[49,122266,48404],{"class":1428},[49,122268,126],{"class":63},[49,122270,272],{"class":112},[49,122272,335],{"class":63},[20,122274,122275],{},"But if you only do this:",[40,122277,122279],{"className":42,"code":122278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122280,122281,122289],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122282,122283,122285,122287],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122284,21112],{"class":55},[49,122286,60],{"class":59},[49,122288,44724],{"class":80},[49,122290,122291,122293,122295,122297],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122292,3114],{"class":1428},[49,122294,126],{"class":63},[49,122296,272],{"class":112},[49,122298,335],{"class":63},[20,122300,122301],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[591,122303,8092,122305,122307],{"id":122304},"using-str-too-early",[15,122306,47183],{}," too early",[20,122309,122310],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[40,122312,122314],{"className":42,"code":122313,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122315,122316,122324,122339,122343],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122317,122318,122320,122322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122319,39883],{"class":55},[49,122321,60],{"class":59},[49,122323,2257],{"class":80},[49,122325,122326,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122327,122328],{"class":55},"text_price ",[49,122330,60],{"class":59},[49,122332,48404],{"class":1428},[49,122334,126],{"class":63},[49,122336,24635],{"class":112},[49,122338,335],{"class":63},[49,122340,122341],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,122342,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,122344,122345],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,122346,122347],{"class":134},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122349,122350,122351,2548,122355,122359],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[72,122352,122353],{"href":2544},[15,122354,2547],{},[72,122356,122357],{"href":2551},[15,122358,2554],{},", depending on the situation.",[591,122361,1392,122363,122366],{"id":122362},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122364,122365],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122368,64148],{},[40,122370,122372],{"className":42,"code":122371,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122373,122374,122406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122375,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122377,7451],{"class":55},[49,122379,60],{"class":59},[49,122381,3296],{"class":63},[49,122383,68],{"class":67},[49,122385,3751],{"class":71},[49,122387,68],{"class":67},[49,122389,84],{"class":63},[49,122391,87],{"class":67},[49,122393,3760],{"class":71},[49,122395,68],{"class":67},[49,122397,84],{"class":63},[49,122399,87],{"class":67},[49,122401,32710],{"class":71},[49,122403,68],{"class":67},[49,122405,3309],{"class":63},[49,122407,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122409,123],{"class":122},[49,122411,126],{"class":63},[49,122413,3114],{"class":1428},[49,122415,126],{"class":63},[49,122417,7482],{"class":112},[49,122419,1436],{"class":63},[20,122421,122422],{},"prints:",[40,122424,122425],{"className":42,"code":72341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,122426,122427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122428,122429,122431,122433,122435,122437,122439,122441,122443,122445,122447,122449,122451,122453],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122430,3573],{"class":63},[49,122432,397],{"class":67},[49,122434,3751],{"class":71},[49,122436,397],{"class":67},[49,122438,84],{"class":63},[49,122440,406],{"class":67},[49,122442,3760],{"class":71},[49,122444,397],{"class":67},[49,122446,84],{"class":63},[49,122448,406],{"class":67},[49,122450,32710],{"class":71},[49,122452,397],{"class":67},[49,122454,3309],{"class":63},[20,122456,122457],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[35,122459,16900],{"id":16899},[20,122461,122462,21459,122464,109],{},[15,122463,47183],{},[30,122465,122466],{},"new string",[20,122468,208],{},[155,122470,122471,122474,122477],{},[158,122472,122473],{},"It always returns a string",[158,122475,122476],{},"It does not modify the original object",[158,122478,7434,122479,122483],{},[72,122480,122481],{"href":1967},[15,122482,1970],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122485,1244],{},[40,122487,122489],{"className":42,"code":122488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122490,122491,122499,122514,122518,122529],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122492,122493,122495,122497],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122494,2115],{"class":55},[49,122496,60],{"class":59},[49,122498,13609],{"class":80},[49,122500,122501,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122502,122503],{"class":55},"converted ",[49,122505,60],{"class":59},[49,122507,48404],{"class":1428},[49,122509,126],{"class":63},[49,122511,2142],{"class":112},[49,122513,335],{"class":63},[49,122515,122516],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,122517,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,122519,122520,122522,122524,122527],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,122521,123],{"class":122},[49,122523,126],{"class":63},[49,122525,122526],{"class":112},"converted",[49,122528,335],{"class":63},[49,122530,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,122532,123],{"class":122},[49,122534,126],{"class":63},[49,122536,1429],{"class":1428},[49,122538,126],{"class":63},[49,122540,122526],{"class":112},[49,122542,1436],{"class":63},[20,122544,122545],{},[30,122546,573],{},[40,122548,122550],{"className":42,"code":122549,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122551,122552,122557],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122553,122554],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122555,122556],{"class":80},"99\n",[49,122558,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122560,2962],{"class":59},[49,122562,2965],{"class":1734},[49,122564,406],{"class":67},[49,122566,3114],{"class":71},[49,122568,397],{"class":67},[49,122570,2974],{"class":59},[35,122572,113232],{"id":113231},[20,122574,122575,122576,74320],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122577,47183],{},[155,122579,122580,122583,122586,122591],{},[158,122581,122582],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[158,122584,122585],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[158,122587,8092,122588,122590],{},[15,122589,47183],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[158,122592,122593],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122595,122596,122597,109],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[72,122598,25165,122599],{"href":89910},[15,122600,89911],{},[35,122602,122604],{"id":122603},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122606,122607],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[40,122609,122611],{"className":42,"code":122610,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122612,122613,122621,122625,122635,122649,122653,122667,122677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122614,122615,122617,122619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122616,2115],{"class":55},[49,122618,60],{"class":59},[49,122620,44724],{"class":80},[49,122622,122623],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122624,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,122626,122627,122629,122631,122633],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,122628,123],{"class":122},[49,122630,126],{"class":63},[49,122632,2142],{"class":112},[49,122634,335],{"class":63},[49,122636,122637,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,122638,123],{"class":122},[49,122640,126],{"class":63},[49,122642,1429],{"class":1428},[49,122644,126],{"class":63},[49,122646,2142],{"class":112},[49,122648,1436],{"class":63},[49,122650,122651],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,122652,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,122654,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,122656,122503],{"class":55},[49,122658,60],{"class":59},[49,122660,48404],{"class":1428},[49,122662,126],{"class":63},[49,122664,2142],{"class":112},[49,122666,335],{"class":63},[49,122668,122669,122671,122673,122675],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,122670,123],{"class":122},[49,122672,126],{"class":63},[49,122674,122526],{"class":112},[49,122676,335],{"class":63},[49,122678,122679,122681,122683,122685,122687,122689],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,122680,123],{"class":122},[49,122682,126],{"class":63},[49,122684,1429],{"class":1428},[49,122686,126],{"class":63},[49,122688,122526],{"class":112},[49,122690,1436],{"class":63},[20,122692,122693,122694,1858,122696,122698,122699,109],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122695,1857],{},[15,122697,1861],{},", or another type into ",[15,122700,3114],{},[35,122702,1498],{"id":1497},[591,122704,1512,122706,4818],{"id":122705},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122707,47183],{},[20,122709,122710],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[591,122712,1502,122714,122716],{"id":122713},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122715,47183],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122718,122719],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[591,122721,4842,122723,122725],{"id":122722},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122724,47183],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122727,122728],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[591,122730,94096,122732,122734],{"id":122731},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122733,47183],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122736,122737],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[591,122739,14382,122741,56708,122743,1529],{"id":122740},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122742,47183],{},[15,122744,45951],{},[20,122746,45864,122747,122749,122750,122752],{},[15,122748,47183],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122751,45951],{}," shows output.",[35,122754,1550],{"id":1549},[155,122756,122757,122763,122769,122775,122781,122790,122794],{},[158,122758,122759],{},[72,122760,122761,3180],{"href":45948},[15,122762,45951],{},[158,122764,122765],{},[72,122766,122767,3180],{"href":1967},[15,122768,1970],{},[158,122770,122771],{},[72,122772,122773,3180],{"href":2544},[15,122774,2547],{},[158,122776,122777],{},[72,122778,122779,3180],{"href":2551},[15,122780,2554],{},[158,122782,122783],{},[72,122784,122786,122787,122789],{"href":122785},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122788,1857],{}," to string in Python",[158,122791,122792],{},[72,122793,90188],{"href":89197},[158,122795,122796],{},[72,122797,29835,122798],{"href":89910},[15,122799,89911],{},[1597,122801,122802],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":122804},[122805,122806,122808,122809,122815,122817,122819,122821,122830,122831,122832,122833,122845],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":121223,"depth":103,"text":122807},"What str() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":121390,"depth":103,"text":121391,"children":122810},[122811,122812,122813,122814],{"id":121394,"depth":119,"text":121395},{"id":121480,"depth":119,"text":121481},{"id":121567,"depth":119,"text":121568},{"id":121653,"depth":119,"text":121654},{"id":121769,"depth":103,"text":122816},"When to use str()",{"id":121900,"depth":103,"text":122818},"str() vs print()",{"id":122069,"depth":103,"text":122820},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":122822},[122823,122825,122826,122828],{"id":122107,"depth":119,"text":122824},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122242,"depth":119,"text":122243},{"id":122304,"depth":119,"text":122827},"Using str() too early",{"id":122362,"depth":119,"text":122829},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":113231,"depth":103,"text":113232},{"id":122603,"depth":103,"text":122604},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":122834},[122835,122837,122839,122841,122843],{"id":122705,"depth":119,"text":122836},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122713,"depth":119,"text":122838},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122722,"depth":119,"text":122840},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122731,"depth":119,"text":122842},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122740,"depth":119,"text":122844},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41673,"description":122846},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122853,"title":122854,"body":122855,"description":124308,"extension":1632,"meta":124309,"navigation":312,"path":124310,"seo":124311,"stem":124312,"__hash__":124313},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122856,"toc":124270},[122857,122863,122869,122872,122894,122896,122958,122960,122973,122979,122984,122989,122991,123004,123015,123017,123044,123046,123063,123070,123081,123083,123088,123090,123102,123110,123119,123121,123124,123177,123179,123187,123195,123199,123204,123244,123246,123254,123257,123259,123299,123301,123309,123319,123325,123328,123401,123403,123416,123420,123425,123453,123456,123491,123493,123501,123504,123508,123512,123514,123530,123532,123572,123574,123582,123591,123634,123636,123644,123646,123650,123656,123659,123699,123701,123709,123714,123717,123760,123764,123767,123802,123807,123809,123848,123858,123866,123876,123884,123888,123893,123895,123936,123938,123946,123951,123954,123957,123975,123981,123985,123990,123993,124033,124035,124040,124139,124142,124158,124160,124179,124181,124188,124191,124197,124200,124206,124210,124216,124219,124225,124228,124230,124267],[10,122858,122860,122861,18],{"id":122859},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122862,56793],{},[20,122864,122865,122866,122868],{},"The Python string ",[15,122867,56793],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122870,122871],{},"This reference page explains:",[155,122873,122874,122878,122881,122883,122891],{},[158,122875,25505,122876,147],{},[15,122877,56793],{},[158,122879,122880],{},"its syntax",[158,122882,34886],{},[158,122884,122885,122886,1017,122888,122890],{},"how ",[15,122887,35565],{},[15,122889,52162],{}," work",[158,122892,122893],{},"common beginner mistakes",[35,122895,38],{"id":37},[40,122897,122899],{"className":42,"code":122898,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122900,122901,122913,122935],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122902,122903,122905,122907,122909,122911],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122904,34178],{"class":55},[49,122906,60],{"class":59},[49,122908,87],{"class":67},[49,122910,3760],{"class":71},[49,122912,301],{"class":67},[49,122914,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923,122925,122927,122929,122931,122933],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122916,123],{"class":122},[49,122918,126],{"class":63},[49,122920,34199],{"class":112},[49,122922,109],{"class":63},[49,122924,40756],{"class":112},[49,122926,126],{"class":63},[49,122928,68],{"class":67},[49,122930,72],{"class":71},[49,122932,68],{"class":67},[49,122934,1436],{"class":63},[49,122936,122937,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947,122949,122951,122954,122956],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,122938,123],{"class":122},[49,122940,126],{"class":63},[49,122942,34199],{"class":112},[49,122944,109],{"class":63},[49,122946,40756],{"class":112},[49,122948,126],{"class":63},[49,122950,68],{"class":67},[49,122952,122953],{"class":71},"na",[49,122955,68],{"class":67},[49,122957,1436],{"class":63},[20,122959,573],{},[40,122961,122963],{"className":42,"code":122962,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n2\n",[15,122964,122965,122969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122966,122967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122968,46116],{"class":80},[49,122970,122971],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,122972,16537],{"class":80},[20,122974,1762,122975,122978],{},[15,122976,122977],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[35,122980,12473,122982,12476],{"id":122981},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122983,56793],{},[20,122985,122986,122988],{},[15,122987,56793],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122990,12529],{},[155,122992,122993,122996,122999,123001],{},[158,122994,122995],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[158,122997,122998],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[158,123000,43156],{},[158,123002,123003],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123005,123006,123007,123009,123010,1858,123012,123014],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123008,17578],{}," characters are in ",[15,123011,64779],{},[15,123013,56793],{}," is a simple choice.",[35,123016,189],{"id":188},[40,123018,123020],{"className":42,"code":123019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123021,123022],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123023,123024,123026,123028,123030,123032,123034,123036,123038,123040,123042],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123025,60678],{"class":55},[49,123027,109],{"class":63},[49,123029,40756],{"class":112},[49,123031,126],{"class":63},[49,123033,2142],{"class":112},[49,123035,84],{"class":63},[49,123037,35544],{"class":112},[49,123039,84],{"class":63},[49,123041,64545],{"class":112},[49,123043,335],{"class":63},[591,123045,16876],{"id":16875},[155,123047,123048,123053,123058],{},[158,123049,123050,123052],{},[15,123051,2142],{},": the text to search for",[158,123054,123055,123057],{},[15,123056,35565],{},": optional; where counting begins",[158,123059,123060,123062],{},[15,123061,52162],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123064,123065,1017,123067,123069],{},[15,123066,35565],{},[15,123068,52162],{}," work like slice positions:",[155,123071,123072,123077],{},[158,123073,123074,123076],{},[15,123075,35565],{}," is included",[158,123078,123079,75246],{},[15,123080,52162],{},[35,123082,16900],{"id":16899},[20,123084,123085,123087],{},[15,123086,56793],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123089,1796],{},[155,123091,123092,123097],{},[158,123093,123094,123095],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123096,1731],{},[158,123098,123099,123100],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123101,1790],{},[20,123103,40402,123104,4833,123106,2548,123108,109],{},[30,123105,600],{},[15,123107,3276],{},[15,123109,3348],{},[20,123111,123112,123113,123118],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[72,123114,123116,101106],{"href":123115},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123117,3555],{}," is often a better fit.",[35,123120,225],{"id":224},[20,123122,123123],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[40,123125,123127],{"className":42,"code":123126,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123128,123129,123141,123163,123167],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123130,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123132,34178],{"class":55},[49,123134,60],{"class":59},[49,123136,87],{"class":67},[49,123138,3751],{"class":71},[49,123140,301],{"class":67},[49,123142,123143,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123144,534],{"class":55},[49,123146,60],{"class":59},[49,123148,42339],{"class":55},[49,123150,109],{"class":63},[49,123152,40756],{"class":112},[49,123154,126],{"class":63},[49,123156,68],{"class":67},[49,123158,20],{"class":71},[49,123160,68],{"class":67},[49,123162,335],{"class":63},[49,123164,123165],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,123166,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,123168,123169,123171,123173,123175],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,123170,123],{"class":122},[49,123172,126],{"class":63},[49,123174,558],{"class":112},[49,123176,335],{"class":63},[20,123178,573],{},[40,123180,123181],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123182,123183],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123184,123185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123186,16537],{"class":80},[20,123188,63324,123189,123192,123193,109],{},[15,123190,123191],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123194,57336],{},[35,123196,123198],{"id":123197},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123200,123201,123203],{},[15,123202,56793],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[40,123205,123207],{"className":42,"code":123206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123208,123209,123222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123210,123211,123213,123215,123217,123220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123212,34178],{"class":55},[49,123214,60],{"class":59},[49,123216,87],{"class":67},[49,123218,123219],{"class":71},"cat dog cat bird cat",[49,123221,301],{"class":67},[49,123223,123224,123226,123228,123230,123232,123234,123236,123238,123240,123242],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123225,123],{"class":122},[49,123227,126],{"class":63},[49,123229,34199],{"class":112},[49,123231,109],{"class":63},[49,123233,40756],{"class":112},[49,123235,126],{"class":63},[49,123237,68],{"class":67},[49,123239,36541],{"class":71},[49,123241,68],{"class":67},[49,123243,1436],{"class":63},[20,123245,573],{},[40,123247,123248],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123249,123250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123251,123252],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123253,46116],{"class":80},[20,123255,123256],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123258,1244],{},[40,123260,123262],{"className":42,"code":123261,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123263,123264,123277],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123265,123266,123268,123270,123272,123275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123267,34178],{"class":55},[49,123269,60],{"class":59},[49,123271,87],{"class":67},[49,123273,123274],{"class":71},"one One one",[49,123276,301],{"class":67},[49,123278,123279,123281,123283,123285,123287,123289,123291,123293,123295,123297],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123280,123],{"class":122},[49,123282,126],{"class":63},[49,123284,34199],{"class":112},[49,123286,109],{"class":63},[49,123288,40756],{"class":112},[49,123290,126],{"class":63},[49,123292,68],{"class":67},[49,123294,6255],{"class":71},[49,123296,68],{"class":67},[49,123298,1436],{"class":63},[20,123300,573],{},[40,123302,123303],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123304,123305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123306,123307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123308,16537],{"class":80},[20,123310,123311,123312,123315,123316,123318],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123313,123314],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123317,56793],{}," is case-sensitive.",[35,123320,8092,123321,1017,123323],{"id":64911},[15,123322,35565],{},[15,123324,52162],{},[20,123326,123327],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[40,123329,123331],{"className":42,"code":123330,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123332,123333,123345,123371],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123334,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123336,34178],{"class":55},[49,123338,60],{"class":59},[49,123340,87],{"class":67},[49,123342,3760],{"class":71},[49,123344,301],{"class":67},[49,123346,123347,123349,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123348,123],{"class":122},[49,123350,126],{"class":63},[49,123352,34199],{"class":112},[49,123354,109],{"class":63},[49,123356,40756],{"class":112},[49,123358,126],{"class":63},[49,123360,68],{"class":67},[49,123362,72],{"class":71},[49,123364,68],{"class":67},[49,123366,84],{"class":63},[49,123368,97],{"class":80},[49,123370,1436],{"class":63},[49,123372,123373,123375,123377,123379,123381,123383,123385,123387,123389,123391,123393,123395,123397,123399],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,123374,123],{"class":122},[49,123376,126],{"class":63},[49,123378,34199],{"class":112},[49,123380,109],{"class":63},[49,123382,40756],{"class":112},[49,123384,126],{"class":63},[49,123386,68],{"class":67},[49,123388,72],{"class":71},[49,123390,68],{"class":67},[49,123392,84],{"class":63},[49,123394,97],{"class":80},[49,123396,84],{"class":63},[49,123398,4279],{"class":80},[49,123400,1436],{"class":63},[20,123402,573],{},[40,123404,123406],{"className":42,"code":123405,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n1\n",[15,123407,123408,123412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123409,123410],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123411,16537],{"class":80},[49,123413,123414],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123415,46416],{"class":80},[591,123417,123419],{"id":123418},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123421,123422,123423,77],{},"In ",[15,123424,64779],{},[155,123426,123427,123435,123443],{},[158,123428,70470,123429,123431,123432],{},[15,123430,1725],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123433,123434],{},"\"n\"",[158,123436,123437,123440,123441,75544],{},[15,123438,123439],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123442,1725],{},[158,123444,123445,123440,123448,123450,123451],{},[15,123446,123447],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123449,1725],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123452,1807],{},[20,123454,123455],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[40,123457,123459],{"className":42,"code":123458,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123460,123461,123473],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123462,123463,123465,123467,123469,123471],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123464,34178],{"class":55},[49,123466,60],{"class":59},[49,123468,87],{"class":67},[49,123470,3760],{"class":71},[49,123472,301],{"class":67},[49,123474,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123476,123],{"class":122},[49,123478,126],{"class":63},[49,123480,34199],{"class":112},[49,123482,3573],{"class":63},[49,123484,1725],{"class":80},[49,123486,77],{"class":63},[49,123488,1807],{"class":80},[49,123490,3561],{"class":63},[20,123492,573],{},[40,123494,123495],{"className":42,"code":40965,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123496,123497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123498,123499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123500,40965],{"class":55},[20,123502,123503],{},"Only that section is searched.",[35,123505,123507],{"id":123506},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123509,123510,123318],{},[15,123511,56793],{},[20,123513,1777],{},[155,123515,123516,123524],{},[158,123517,123518,1017,123520,123523],{},[15,123519,17578],{},[15,123521,123522],{},"\"A\""," are different",[158,123525,123526,1017,123528,123523],{},[15,123527,64039],{},[15,123529,89923],{},[20,123531,1244],{},[40,123533,123535],{"className":42,"code":123534,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123536,123537,123550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123538,123539,123541,123543,123545,123548],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123540,34178],{"class":55},[49,123542,60],{"class":59},[49,123544,87],{"class":67},[49,123546,123547],{"class":71},"Apple apple APPLE",[49,123549,301],{"class":67},[49,123551,123552,123554,123556,123558,123560,123562,123564,123566,123568,123570],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123553,123],{"class":122},[49,123555,126],{"class":63},[49,123557,34199],{"class":112},[49,123559,109],{"class":63},[49,123561,40756],{"class":112},[49,123563,126],{"class":63},[49,123565,68],{"class":67},[49,123567,3751],{"class":71},[49,123569,68],{"class":67},[49,123571,1436],{"class":63},[20,123573,573],{},[40,123575,123576],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123577,123578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123579,123580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123581,46416],{"class":80},[20,123583,123584,123585,77],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[72,123586,123588],{"href":123587},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123589,123590],{},"lower()",[40,123592,123594],{"className":42,"code":123593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123595,123596,123608],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123597,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123599,34178],{"class":55},[49,123601,60],{"class":59},[49,123603,87],{"class":67},[49,123605,123547],{"class":71},[49,123607,301],{"class":67},[49,123609,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123611,123],{"class":122},[49,123613,126],{"class":63},[49,123615,34199],{"class":112},[49,123617,109],{"class":63},[49,123619,8315],{"class":112},[49,123621,8312],{"class":63},[49,123623,40756],{"class":112},[49,123625,126],{"class":63},[49,123627,68],{"class":67},[49,123629,3751],{"class":71},[49,123631,68],{"class":67},[49,123633,1436],{"class":63},[20,123635,573],{},[40,123637,123638],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123639,123640],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123641,123642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123643,46116],{"class":80},[35,123645,1376],{"id":1375},[20,123647,22579,123648,109],{},[15,123649,56793],{},[591,123651,1392,123653,123655],{"id":123652},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123654,56793],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123657,123658],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[40,123660,123662],{"className":42,"code":123661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123663,123664,123677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123665,123666,123668,123670,123672,123675],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123667,34178],{"class":55},[49,123669,60],{"class":59},[49,123671,87],{"class":67},[49,123673,123674],{"class":71},"Aardvark",[49,123676,301],{"class":67},[49,123678,123679,123681,123683,123685,123687,123689,123691,123693,123695,123697],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123680,123],{"class":122},[49,123682,126],{"class":63},[49,123684,34199],{"class":112},[49,123686,109],{"class":63},[49,123688,40756],{"class":112},[49,123690,126],{"class":63},[49,123692,68],{"class":67},[49,123694,72],{"class":71},[49,123696,68],{"class":67},[49,123698,1436],{"class":63},[20,123700,573],{},[40,123702,123703],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123704,123705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123706,123707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123708,16537],{"class":80},[20,123710,123311,123711,123713],{},[15,123712,123522],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123715,123716],{},"If needed, convert first:",[40,123718,123720],{"className":42,"code":123719,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123721,123722,123734],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123723,123724,123726,123728,123730,123732],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123725,34178],{"class":55},[49,123727,60],{"class":59},[49,123729,87],{"class":67},[49,123731,123674],{"class":71},[49,123733,301],{"class":67},[49,123735,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744,123746,123748,123750,123752,123754,123756,123758],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123737,123],{"class":122},[49,123739,126],{"class":63},[49,123741,34199],{"class":112},[49,123743,109],{"class":63},[49,123745,8315],{"class":112},[49,123747,8312],{"class":63},[49,123749,40756],{"class":112},[49,123751,126],{"class":63},[49,123753,68],{"class":67},[49,123755,72],{"class":71},[49,123757,68],{"class":67},[49,123759,1436],{"class":63},[591,123761,123763],{"id":123762},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123765,123766],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[40,123768,123770],{"className":42,"code":123769,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123771,123772,123784],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123773,123774,123776,123778,123780,123782],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123775,34178],{"class":55},[49,123777,60],{"class":59},[49,123779,87],{"class":67},[49,123781,3760],{"class":71},[49,123783,301],{"class":67},[49,123785,123786,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796,123798,123800],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123787,123],{"class":122},[49,123789,126],{"class":63},[49,123791,34199],{"class":112},[49,123793,109],{"class":63},[49,123795,40756],{"class":112},[49,123797,126],{"class":63},[49,123799,72],{"class":112},[49,123801,1436],{"class":63},[20,123803,123804,123805,109],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123806,72],{},[20,123808,10469],{},[40,123810,123812],{"className":42,"code":123811,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123813,123814,123826],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123815,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123817,34178],{"class":55},[49,123819,60],{"class":59},[49,123821,87],{"class":67},[49,123823,3760],{"class":71},[49,123825,301],{"class":67},[49,123827,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123829,123],{"class":122},[49,123831,126],{"class":63},[49,123833,34199],{"class":112},[49,123835,109],{"class":63},[49,123837,40756],{"class":112},[49,123839,126],{"class":63},[49,123841,68],{"class":67},[49,123843,72],{"class":71},[49,123845,68],{"class":67},[49,123847,1436],{"class":63},[591,123849,36698,123851,8379,123853,2548,123856],{"id":123850},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123852,56793],{},[15,123854,123855],{},"find()",[15,123857,58471],{},[20,123859,1762,123860,123862,123863,109],{},[15,123861,56793],{}," when you need the ",[30,123864,123865],{},"number of matches",[20,123867,1762,123868,123862,123873,123875],{},[72,123869,123871],{"href":123870},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123872,123855],{},[30,123874,64451],{}," of the first match.",[20,123877,1762,123878,123883],{},[72,123879,123881],{"href":123880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123882,58471],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[591,123885,123887],{"id":123886},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123889,123890,123892],{},[15,123891,56793],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123894,1244],{},[40,123896,123898],{"className":42,"code":123897,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123899,123900,123913],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123901,123902,123904,123906,123908,123911],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123903,34178],{"class":55},[49,123905,60],{"class":59},[49,123907,87],{"class":67},[49,123909,123910],{"class":71},"aaaa",[49,123912,301],{"class":67},[49,123914,123915,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927,123929,123932,123934],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,123916,123],{"class":122},[49,123918,126],{"class":63},[49,123920,34199],{"class":112},[49,123922,109],{"class":63},[49,123924,40756],{"class":112},[49,123926,126],{"class":63},[49,123928,68],{"class":67},[49,123930,123931],{"class":71},"aa",[49,123933,68],{"class":67},[49,123935,1436],{"class":63},[20,123937,573],{},[40,123939,123940],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123941,123942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123943,123944],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123945,16537],{"class":80},[20,123947,123948,123949,109],{},"It does not return ",[15,123950,1731],{},[20,123952,123953],{},"Why not?",[20,123955,123956],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[155,123958,123959,123968],{},[158,123960,123961,123964,123965],{},[15,123962,123963],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123966,123967],{},"0-1",[158,123969,123970,123964,123972],{},[15,123971,123963],{},[15,123973,123974],{},"2-3",[20,123976,123977,123978,109],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123979,123980],{},"1-2",[35,123982,1223,123983],{"id":57876},[15,123984,56793],{},[20,123986,1762,123987,123989],{},[15,123988,56793],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123991,123992],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[155,123994,123995,124004,124014,124024],{},[158,123996,1762,123997,123999,124000,124003],{},[15,123998,56793],{}," when you need ",[30,124001,124002],{},"how many times"," something appears",[158,124005,1762,124006,123999,124010,124013],{},[72,124007,124008],{"href":123870},[15,124009,123855],{},[30,124011,124012],{},"where"," it appears",[158,124015,47310,124016,124020,124021],{},[72,124017,124018,101106],{"href":123115},[15,124019,3555],{}," when you only need to know ",[30,124022,124023],{},"if it exists",[158,124025,1762,124026,124032],{},[72,124027,124029],{"href":124028},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124030,124031],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[35,124034,25428],{"id":25427},[20,124036,8550,124037,124039],{},[15,124038,56793],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[40,124041,124043],{"className":42,"code":124042,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124044,124045,124055,124069,124091,124117],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124046,124047,124049,124051,124053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124048,123],{"class":122},[49,124050,126],{"class":63},[49,124052,34199],{"class":112},[49,124054,335],{"class":63},[49,124056,124057,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124058,123],{"class":122},[49,124060,126],{"class":63},[49,124062,1429],{"class":1428},[49,124064,126],{"class":63},[49,124066,34199],{"class":112},[49,124068,1436],{"class":63},[49,124070,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085,124087,124089],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,124072,123],{"class":122},[49,124074,126],{"class":63},[49,124076,34199],{"class":112},[49,124078,109],{"class":63},[49,124080,40756],{"class":112},[49,124082,126],{"class":63},[49,124084,68],{"class":67},[49,124086,72],{"class":71},[49,124088,68],{"class":67},[49,124090,1436],{"class":63},[49,124092,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101,124103,124105,124107,124109,124111,124113,124115],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,124094,123],{"class":122},[49,124096,126],{"class":63},[49,124098,34199],{"class":112},[49,124100,109],{"class":63},[49,124102,8315],{"class":112},[49,124104,8312],{"class":63},[49,124106,40756],{"class":112},[49,124108,126],{"class":63},[49,124110,68],{"class":67},[49,124112,72],{"class":71},[49,124114,68],{"class":67},[49,124116,1436],{"class":63},[49,124118,124119,124121,124123,124125,124127,124129,124131,124133,124135,124137],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,124120,123],{"class":122},[49,124122,126],{"class":63},[49,124124,34199],{"class":112},[49,124126,109],{"class":63},[49,124128,40756],{"class":112},[49,124130,126],{"class":63},[49,124132,68],{"class":67},[49,124134,122953],{"class":71},[49,124136,68],{"class":67},[49,124138,1436],{"class":63},[20,124140,124141],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[155,124143,124144,124147,124152,124155],{},[158,124145,124146],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[158,124148,124149,124151],{},[15,124150,34199],{}," not being a string",[158,124153,124154],{},"counting the wrong substring",[158,124156,124157],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124159,58365],{},[155,124161,124162,124165,124168,124171],{},[158,124163,124164],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[158,124166,124167],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[158,124169,124170],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[158,124172,49992,124173,44128,124175,2548,124177,72816],{},[15,124174,56793],{},[15,124176,123855],{},[15,124178,3555],{},[35,124180,1498],{"id":1497},[591,124182,124184,124185,124187],{"id":124183},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124186,56793],{}," change the original string?",[20,124189,124190],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[591,124192,14382,124194,124196],{"id":124193},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124195,56793],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124198,124199],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[591,124201,1512,124203,124205],{"id":124202},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124204,56793],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124207,1518,124208,109],{},[15,124209,1790],{},[591,124211,4842,124213,124215],{"id":124212},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124214,56793],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124217,124218],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[591,124220,1502,124222,124224],{"id":124221},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124223,56793],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124226,124227],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[35,124229,1550],{"id":1549},[155,124231,124232,124239,124246,124253,124260],{},[158,124233,124234],{},[72,124235,124236],{"href":123870},[15,124237,124238],{},"Python string find() method",[158,124240,124241],{},[72,124242,124243],{"href":123880},[15,124244,124245],{},"Python string index() method",[158,124247,124248],{},[72,124249,124250],{"href":123587},[15,124251,124252],{},"Python string lower() method",[158,124254,124255],{},[72,124256,124257],{"href":123115},[15,124258,124259],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[158,124261,124262],{},[72,124263,124264],{"href":124028},[15,124265,124266],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1597,124268,124269],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":124271},[124272,124273,124275,124278,124279,124280,124281,124284,124285,124293,124294,124295,124307],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":122981,"depth":103,"text":124274},"What the count() method does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":124276},[124277],{"id":16875,"depth":119,"text":16876},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":123197,"depth":103,"text":123198},{"id":64911,"depth":103,"text":65694,"children":124282},[124283],{"id":123418,"depth":119,"text":123419},{"id":123506,"depth":103,"text":123507},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":124286},[124287,124289,124290,124292],{"id":123652,"depth":119,"text":124288},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123762,"depth":119,"text":123763},{"id":123850,"depth":119,"text":124291},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123886,"depth":119,"text":123887},{"id":57876,"depth":103,"text":58507},{"id":25427,"depth":103,"text":25428},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":124296},[124297,124299,124301,124303,124305],{"id":124183,"depth":119,"text":124298},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124193,"depth":119,"text":124300},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124202,"depth":119,"text":124302},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124212,"depth":119,"text":124304},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124221,"depth":119,"text":124306},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122854,"description":124308},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124315,"title":124316,"body":124317,"description":125902,"extension":1632,"meta":125903,"navigation":312,"path":125904,"seo":125905,"stem":125906,"__hash__":125907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124318,"toc":125875},[124319,124322,124325,124422,124431,124433,124452,124456,124459,124462,124475,124478,124507,124512,124517,124575,124577,124610,124616,124620,124623,124626,124655,124658,124685,124688,124691,124695,124698,124705,124768,124770,124788,124791,124795,124798,124801,124843,124846,124890,124893,124896,124900,124905,124908,124951,124953,124976,124979,125012,125015,125064,125074,125078,125081,125084,125113,125116,125127,125129,125188,125191,125195,125198,125201,125216,125225,125228,125262,125265,125292,125295,125302,125304,125307,125309,125312,125326,125335,125337,125364,125368,125371,125385,125388,125447,125451,125454,125481,125484,125511,125519,125522,125582,125584,125617,125621,125624,125643,125648,125697,125702,125704,125707,125766,125784,125786,125790,125798,125802,125805,125809,125815,125819,125829,125833,125836,125838,125872],[10,124320,124316],{"id":124321},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124323,124324],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[40,124326,124328],{"className":42,"code":124327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124329,124330,124342,124354,124363,124377,124381,124391,124401,124412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124333,7549],{"class":55},[49,124335,60],{"class":59},[49,124337,87],{"class":67},[49,124339,4677],{"class":71},[49,124341,301],{"class":67},[49,124343,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124345,89512],{"class":55},[49,124347,60],{"class":59},[49,124349,406],{"class":67},[49,124351,34358],{"class":71},[49,124353,29187],{"class":67},[49,124355,124356,124359,124361],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,124357,124358],{"class":55},"empty ",[49,124360,60],{"class":59},[49,124362,7554],{"class":67},[49,124364,124365,124367,124369,124371,124373,124375],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,124366,34178],{"class":55},[49,124368,60],{"class":59},[49,124370,48404],{"class":1428},[49,124372,126],{"class":63},[49,124374,49746],{"class":80},[49,124376,335],{"class":63},[49,124378,124379],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,124380,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,124382,124383,124385,124387,124389],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,124384,123],{"class":122},[49,124386,126],{"class":63},[49,124388,251],{"class":112},[49,124390,335],{"class":63},[49,124392,124393,124395,124397,124399],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,124394,123],{"class":122},[49,124396,126],{"class":63},[49,124398,89529],{"class":112},[49,124400,335],{"class":63},[49,124402,124403,124405,124407,124410],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,124404,123],{"class":122},[49,124406,126],{"class":63},[49,124408,124409],{"class":112},"empty",[49,124411,335],{"class":63},[49,124413,124414,124416,124418,124420],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,124415,123],{"class":122},[49,124417,126],{"class":63},[49,124419,34199],{"class":112},[49,124421,335],{"class":63},[20,124423,124424,124427,124428,124430],{},[30,124425,124426],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124429,47183],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[35,124432,14642],{"id":14641},[155,124434,124435,124438,124441,124444,124449],{},[158,124436,124437],{},"What a string is in Python",[158,124439,124440],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[158,124442,124443],{},"How to create an empty string",[158,124445,124446,124447],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124448,47183],{},[158,124450,124451],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[35,124453,124455],{"id":124454},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124457,124458],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124460,124461],{},"Strings can contain:",[155,124463,124464,124467,124469,124472],{},[158,124465,124466],{},"Letters",[158,124468,55964],{},[158,124470,124471],{},"Spaces",[158,124473,124474],{},"Symbols",[20,124476,124477],{},"Examples of strings:",[40,124479,124481],{"className":42,"code":124480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124482,124483,124491,124499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124484,124485,124487,124489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124486,68],{"class":42826},[49,124488,3518],{"class":42830},[49,124490,301],{"class":42826},[49,124492,124493,124495,124497],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124494,68],{"class":42826},[49,124496,49746],{"class":42830},[49,124498,301],{"class":42826},[49,124500,124501,124503,124505],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,124502,68],{"class":42826},[49,124504,88654],{"class":42830},[49,124506,301],{"class":42826},[20,124508,20461,124509,124511],{},[15,124510,49796],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124513,124514,124515,77],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124516,1970],{},[40,124518,124520],{"className":42,"code":124519,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124521,124522,124534,124543,124547,124561],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124523,124524,124526,124528,124530,124532],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124525,34178],{"class":55},[49,124527,60],{"class":59},[49,124529,87],{"class":67},[49,124531,49746],{"class":71},[49,124533,301],{"class":67},[49,124535,124536,124538,124540],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124537,1886],{"class":55},[49,124539,60],{"class":59},[49,124541,124542],{"class":80}," 123\n",[49,124544,124545],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,124546,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,124548,124549,124551,124553,124555,124557,124559],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,124550,123],{"class":122},[49,124552,126],{"class":63},[49,124554,1429],{"class":1428},[49,124556,126],{"class":63},[49,124558,34199],{"class":112},[49,124560,1436],{"class":63},[49,124562,124563,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,124564,123],{"class":122},[49,124566,126],{"class":63},[49,124568,1429],{"class":1428},[49,124570,126],{"class":63},[49,124572,1908],{"class":112},[49,124574,1436],{"class":63},[20,124576,573],{},[40,124578,124580],{"className":42,"code":124579,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124581,124582,124596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124583,124584,124586,124588,124590,124592,124594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124585,2962],{"class":59},[49,124587,2965],{"class":1734},[49,124589,406],{"class":67},[49,124591,3114],{"class":71},[49,124593,397],{"class":67},[49,124595,2974],{"class":59},[49,124597,124598,124600,124602,124604,124606,124608],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124599,2962],{"class":59},[49,124601,2965],{"class":1734},[49,124603,406],{"class":67},[49,124605,1857],{"class":71},[49,124607,397],{"class":67},[49,124609,2974],{"class":59},[20,124611,124612,124613,109],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[72,124614,124615],{"href":50476},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[35,124617,124619],{"id":124618},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124621,124622],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124624,124625],{},"You can use single quotes:",[40,124627,124629],{"className":42,"code":124628,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124630,124631,124644],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124632,124633,124636,124638,124640,124642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124634,124635],{"class":55},"greeting ",[49,124637,60],{"class":59},[49,124639,406],{"class":67},[49,124641,3518],{"class":71},[49,124643,29187],{"class":67},[49,124645,124646,124648,124650,124653],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124647,123],{"class":122},[49,124649,126],{"class":63},[49,124651,124652],{"class":112},"greeting",[49,124654,335],{"class":63},[20,124656,124657],{},"Or double quotes:",[40,124659,124661],{"className":42,"code":124660,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124662,124663,124675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124664,124665,124667,124669,124671,124673],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124666,124635],{"class":55},[49,124668,60],{"class":59},[49,124670,87],{"class":67},[49,124672,3518],{"class":71},[49,124674,301],{"class":67},[49,124676,124677,124679,124681,124683],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124678,123],{"class":122},[49,124680,126],{"class":63},[49,124682,124652],{"class":112},[49,124684,335],{"class":63},[20,124686,124687],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124689,124690],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[35,124692,124694],{"id":124693},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124696,124697],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124699,124700,124701,2548,124703,77],{},"Use either ",[15,124702,5945],{},[15,124704,3447],{},[40,124706,124708],{"className":42,"code":124707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124709,124710,124719,124728,124732,124743,124754],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124711,124712,124715,124717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124713,124714],{"class":55},"empty1 ",[49,124716,60],{"class":59},[49,124718,7554],{"class":67},[49,124720,124721,124724,124726],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124722,124723],{"class":55},"empty2 ",[49,124725,60],{"class":59},[49,124727,46995],{"class":67},[49,124729,124730],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,124731,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,124733,124734,124736,124738,124741],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,124735,123],{"class":122},[49,124737,126],{"class":63},[49,124739,124740],{"class":112},"empty1",[49,124742,335],{"class":63},[49,124744,124745,124747,124749,124752],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,124746,123],{"class":122},[49,124748,126],{"class":63},[49,124750,124751],{"class":112},"empty2",[49,124753,335],{"class":63},[49,124755,124756,124758,124760,124762,124764,124766],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,124757,123],{"class":122},[49,124759,126],{"class":63},[49,124761,1429],{"class":1428},[49,124763,126],{"class":63},[49,124765,124740],{"class":112},[49,124767,1436],{"class":63},[20,124769,573],{},[40,124771,124772],{"className":42,"code":45269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,124773,124774],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124775,124776,124778,124780,124782,124784,124786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124777,2962],{"class":59},[49,124779,2965],{"class":1734},[49,124781,406],{"class":67},[49,124783,3114],{"class":71},[49,124785,397],{"class":67},[49,124787,2974],{"class":59},[20,124789,124790],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[35,124792,124794],{"id":124793},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124796,124797],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124799,124800],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[40,124802,124804],{"className":42,"code":124803,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124805,124806,124817,124822,124829,124833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124807,124808,124810,124812,124815],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124809,89512],{"class":55},[49,124811,60],{"class":59},[49,124813,124814],{"class":67}," \"\"\"",[49,124816,88454],{"class":71},[49,124818,124819],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124820,124821],{"class":71},"Welcome to Python\n",[49,124823,124824,124827],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,124825,124826],{"class":71},"Have a nice day",[49,124828,42834],{"class":67},[49,124830,124831],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,124832,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,124834,124835,124837,124839,124841],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,124836,123],{"class":122},[49,124838,126],{"class":63},[49,124840,89529],{"class":112},[49,124842,335],{"class":63},[20,124844,124845],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[40,124847,124849],{"className":42,"code":124848,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124850,124851,124863,124868,124876,124880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124852,124853,124855,124857,124860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124854,89512],{"class":55},[49,124856,60],{"class":59},[49,124858,124859],{"class":67}," '''",[49,124861,124862],{"class":71},"Line 1\n",[49,124864,124865],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124866,124867],{"class":71},"Line 2\n",[49,124869,124870,124873],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,124871,124872],{"class":71},"Line 3",[49,124874,124875],{"class":67},"'''\n",[49,124877,124878],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,124879,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,124881,124882,124884,124886,124888],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,124883,123],{"class":122},[49,124885,126],{"class":63},[49,124887,89529],{"class":112},[49,124889,335],{"class":63},[20,124891,124892],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124894,124895],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[35,124897,124899],{"id":124898},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124901,150,124902,124904],{},[15,124903,47183],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124906,124907],{},"Example with a number:",[40,124909,124911],{"className":42,"code":124910,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124912,124913,124927,124937],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124914,124915,124917,124919,124921,124923,124925],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124916,34178],{"class":55},[49,124918,60],{"class":59},[49,124920,48404],{"class":1428},[49,124922,126],{"class":63},[49,124924,46025],{"class":80},[49,124926,335],{"class":63},[49,124928,124929,124931,124933,124935],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124930,123],{"class":122},[49,124932,126],{"class":63},[49,124934,34199],{"class":112},[49,124936,335],{"class":63},[49,124938,124939,124941,124943,124945,124947,124949],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,124940,123],{"class":122},[49,124942,126],{"class":63},[49,124944,1429],{"class":1428},[49,124946,126],{"class":63},[49,124948,34199],{"class":112},[49,124950,1436],{"class":63},[20,124952,573],{},[40,124954,124956],{"className":42,"code":124955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124957,124958,124962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124959,124960],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124961,46111],{"class":80},[49,124963,124964,124966,124968,124970,124972,124974],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,124965,2962],{"class":59},[49,124967,2965],{"class":1734},[49,124969,406],{"class":67},[49,124971,3114],{"class":71},[49,124973,397],{"class":67},[49,124975,2974],{"class":59},[20,124977,124978],{},"You can also convert other values:",[40,124980,124982],{"className":42,"code":124981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124983,124984,124998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124985,124986,124988,124990,124992,124994,124996],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124987,123],{"class":122},[49,124989,126],{"class":63},[49,124991,3114],{"class":1428},[49,124993,126],{"class":63},[49,124995,3276],{"class":583},[49,124997,1436],{"class":63},[49,124999,125000,125002,125004,125006,125008,125010],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125001,123],{"class":122},[49,125003,126],{"class":63},[49,125005,3114],{"class":1428},[49,125007,126],{"class":63},[49,125009,39639],{"class":80},[49,125011,1436],{"class":63},[20,125013,125014],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[40,125016,125018],{"className":42,"code":125017,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125019,125020,125028,125050,125054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125021,125022,125024,125026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125023,21112],{"class":55},[49,125025,60],{"class":59},[49,125027,44724],{"class":80},[49,125029,125030,125032,125034,125036,125038,125040,125042,125044,125046,125048],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125031,89512],{"class":55},[49,125033,60],{"class":59},[49,125035,87],{"class":67},[49,125037,88930],{"class":71},[49,125039,68],{"class":67},[49,125041,2123],{"class":59},[49,125043,48404],{"class":1428},[49,125045,126],{"class":63},[49,125047,272],{"class":112},[49,125049,335],{"class":63},[49,125051,125052],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,125053,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,125055,125056,125058,125060,125062],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,125057,123],{"class":122},[49,125059,126],{"class":63},[49,125061,89529],{"class":112},[49,125063,335],{"class":63},[20,125065,125066,125067,2548,125071,109],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[72,125068,3247,125069,3180],{"href":41672},[15,125070,47183],{},[72,125072,125073],{"href":122785},"how to convert int to string in Python",[35,125075,125077],{"id":125076},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125079,125080],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125082,125083],{},"Both of these are valid:",[40,125085,125087],{"className":42,"code":125086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125088,125089,125101],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125090,125091,125093,125095,125097,125099],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125092,2224],{"class":55},[49,125094,60],{"class":59},[49,125096,406],{"class":67},[49,125098,6968],{"class":71},[49,125100,29187],{"class":67},[49,125102,125103,125105,125107,125109,125111],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125104,2252],{"class":55},[49,125106,60],{"class":59},[49,125108,87],{"class":67},[49,125110,6968],{"class":71},[49,125112,301],{"class":67},[20,125114,125115],{},"A common rule is:",[155,125117,125118,125121,125124],{},[158,125119,125120],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[158,125122,125123],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[158,125125,125126],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125128,1244],{},[40,125130,125132],{"className":42,"code":125131,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125133,125134,125148,125162,125166,125177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125135,125136,125139,125141,125143,125146],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125137,125138],{"class":55},"text1 ",[49,125140,60],{"class":59},[49,125142,87],{"class":67},[49,125144,125145],{"class":71},"It's working",[49,125147,301],{"class":67},[49,125149,125150,125153,125155,125157,125160],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125151,125152],{"class":55},"text2 ",[49,125154,60],{"class":59},[49,125156,406],{"class":67},[49,125158,125159],{"class":71},"She said \"hello\"",[49,125161,29187],{"class":67},[49,125163,125164],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,125165,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,125167,125168,125170,125172,125175],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,125169,123],{"class":122},[49,125171,126],{"class":63},[49,125173,125174],{"class":112},"text1",[49,125176,335],{"class":63},[49,125178,125179,125181,125183,125186],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,125180,123],{"class":122},[49,125182,126],{"class":63},[49,125184,125185],{"class":112},"text2",[49,125187,335],{"class":63},[20,125189,125190],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[35,125192,125194],{"id":125193},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125196,125197],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125199,125200],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[40,125202,125204],{"className":42,"code":125203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125205,125206,125211],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125207,125208],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125209,125210],{"class":134},"# This will cause an error\n",[49,125212,125213],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125214,125215],{"class":134},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125217,125218,125219,34821,125221,125224],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125220,397],{},[15,125222,125223],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125226,125227],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[40,125229,125231],{"className":42,"code":125230,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125232,125233,125252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125234,125235,125237,125239,125241,125244,125247,125250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125236,34178],{"class":55},[49,125238,60],{"class":59},[49,125240,406],{"class":67},[49,125242,125243],{"class":71},"It",[49,125245,125246],{"class":33943},"\\'",[49,125248,125249],{"class":71},"s working",[49,125251,29187],{"class":67},[49,125253,125254,125256,125258,125260],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125255,123],{"class":122},[49,125257,126],{"class":63},[49,125259,34199],{"class":112},[49,125261,335],{"class":63},[20,125263,125264],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[40,125266,125268],{"className":42,"code":125267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125269,125270,125282],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125271,125272,125274,125276,125278,125280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125273,34178],{"class":55},[49,125275,60],{"class":59},[49,125277,87],{"class":67},[49,125279,125145],{"class":71},[49,125281,301],{"class":67},[49,125283,125284,125286,125288,125290],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125285,123],{"class":122},[49,125287,126],{"class":63},[49,125289,34199],{"class":112},[49,125291,335],{"class":63},[20,125293,125294],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125296,125297,125298,109],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[72,125299,125301],{"href":125300},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[35,125303,1376],{"id":1375},[20,125305,125306],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[591,125308,89719],{"id":89718},[20,125310,125311],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[40,125313,125315],{"className":42,"code":125314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125316,125317,125321],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125318,125319],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125320,125210],{"class":134},[49,125322,125323],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125324,125325],{"class":134},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125327,125328,125329,8276,125332,125334],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125330,125331],{},"NameError",[15,125333,4677],{}," is not defined.",[20,125336,10469],{},[40,125338,125340],{"className":42,"code":125339,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125341,125342,125354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125343,125344,125346,125348,125350,125352],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125345,7549],{"class":55},[49,125347,60],{"class":59},[49,125349,87],{"class":67},[49,125351,4677],{"class":71},[49,125353,301],{"class":67},[49,125355,125356,125358,125360,125362],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125357,123],{"class":122},[49,125359,126],{"class":63},[49,125361,251],{"class":112},[49,125363,335],{"class":63},[591,125365,125367],{"id":125366},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125369,125370],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[40,125372,125374],{"className":42,"code":125373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125375,125376,125380],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125377,125378],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125379,125210],{"class":134},[49,125381,125382],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125383,125384],{"class":134},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125386,125387],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[40,125389,125391],{"className":42,"code":125390,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125392,125393,125410,125423,125427,125437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125394,125395,125397,125399,125401,125403,125405,125408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125396,125138],{"class":55},[49,125398,60],{"class":59},[49,125400,406],{"class":67},[49,125402,125243],{"class":71},[49,125404,125246],{"class":33943},[49,125406,125407],{"class":71},"s good",[49,125409,29187],{"class":67},[49,125411,125412,125414,125416,125418,125421],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125413,125152],{"class":55},[49,125415,60],{"class":59},[49,125417,87],{"class":67},[49,125419,125420],{"class":71},"It's good",[49,125422,301],{"class":67},[49,125424,125425],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,125426,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,125428,125429,125431,125433,125435],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,125430,123],{"class":122},[49,125432,126],{"class":63},[49,125434,125174],{"class":112},[49,125436,335],{"class":63},[49,125438,125439,125441,125443,125445],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,125440,123],{"class":122},[49,125442,126],{"class":63},[49,125444,125185],{"class":112},[49,125446,335],{"class":63},[591,125448,125450],{"id":125449},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125452,125453],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[40,125455,125457],{"className":42,"code":125456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125458,125459,125471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125460,125461,125463,125465,125467,125469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125462,34178],{"class":55},[49,125464,60],{"class":59},[49,125466,124814],{"class":67},[49,125468,3518],{"class":71},[49,125470,42834],{"class":67},[49,125472,125473,125475,125477,125479],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125474,123],{"class":122},[49,125476,126],{"class":63},[49,125478,34199],{"class":112},[49,125480,335],{"class":63},[20,125482,125483],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[40,125485,125487],{"className":42,"code":125486,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125488,125489,125501],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125490,125491,125493,125495,125497,125499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125492,34178],{"class":55},[49,125494,60],{"class":59},[49,125496,87],{"class":67},[49,125498,3518],{"class":71},[49,125500,301],{"class":67},[49,125502,125503,125505,125507,125509],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125504,123],{"class":122},[49,125506,126],{"class":63},[49,125508,34199],{"class":112},[49,125510,335],{"class":63},[591,125512,4253,125514,1017,125516,125518],{"id":125513},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125515,49746],{},[15,125517,49796],{}," are the same type",[20,125520,125521],{},"They are different:",[40,125523,125525],{"className":42,"code":125524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125526,125527,125536,125549,125553,125567],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125528,125529,125532,125534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125530,125531],{"class":55},"value1 ",[49,125533,60],{"class":59},[49,125535,124542],{"class":80},[49,125537,125538,125541,125543,125545,125547],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125539,125540],{"class":55},"value2 ",[49,125542,60],{"class":59},[49,125544,87],{"class":67},[49,125546,49746],{"class":71},[49,125548,301],{"class":67},[49,125550,125551],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,125552,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,125554,125555,125557,125559,125561,125563,125565],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,125556,123],{"class":122},[49,125558,126],{"class":63},[49,125560,1429],{"class":1428},[49,125562,126],{"class":63},[49,125564,84275],{"class":112},[49,125566,1436],{"class":63},[49,125568,125569,125571,125573,125575,125577,125580],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,125570,123],{"class":122},[49,125572,126],{"class":63},[49,125574,1429],{"class":1428},[49,125576,126],{"class":63},[49,125578,125579],{"class":112},"value2",[49,125581,1436],{"class":63},[20,125583,573],{},[40,125585,125587],{"className":42,"code":125586,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125588,125589,125603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125590,125591,125593,125595,125597,125599,125601],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125592,2962],{"class":59},[49,125594,2965],{"class":1734},[49,125596,406],{"class":67},[49,125598,1857],{"class":71},[49,125600,397],{"class":67},[49,125602,2974],{"class":59},[49,125604,125605,125607,125609,125611,125613,125615],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125606,2962],{"class":59},[49,125608,2965],{"class":1734},[49,125610,406],{"class":67},[49,125612,3114],{"class":71},[49,125614,397],{"class":67},[49,125616,2974],{"class":59},[591,125618,125620],{"id":125619},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125622,125623],{},"This causes a type error:",[40,125625,125627],{"className":42,"code":125626,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125628,125629,125633,125638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125630,125631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125632,125210],{"class":134},[49,125634,125635],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125636,125637],{"class":134},"# age = 10\n",[49,125639,125640],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,125641,125642],{"class":134},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125644,125645,125646,77],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125647,47183],{},[40,125649,125651],{"className":42,"code":125650,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125652,125653,125661,125683,125687],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125654,125655,125657,125659],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125656,21112],{"class":55},[49,125658,60],{"class":59},[49,125660,2257],{"class":80},[49,125662,125663,125665,125667,125669,125671,125673,125675,125677,125679,125681],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125664,89512],{"class":55},[49,125666,60],{"class":59},[49,125668,87],{"class":67},[49,125670,88930],{"class":71},[49,125672,68],{"class":67},[49,125674,2123],{"class":59},[49,125676,48404],{"class":1428},[49,125678,126],{"class":63},[49,125680,272],{"class":112},[49,125682,335],{"class":63},[49,125684,125685],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,125686,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,125688,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,125690,123],{"class":122},[49,125692,126],{"class":63},[49,125694,89529],{"class":112},[49,125696,335],{"class":63},[20,125698,125699,125700,109],{},"For this specific error, see ",[72,125701,89911],{"href":89910},[591,125703,60214],{"id":60213},[20,125705,125706],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[40,125708,125710],{"className":42,"code":125709,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125711,125712,125724,125728,125738,125752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125713,125714,125716,125718,125720,125722],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125715,34178],{"class":55},[49,125717,60],{"class":59},[49,125719,87],{"class":67},[49,125721,3518],{"class":71},[49,125723,301],{"class":67},[49,125725,125726],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125727,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,125729,125730,125732,125734,125736],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,125731,123],{"class":122},[49,125733,126],{"class":63},[49,125735,34199],{"class":112},[49,125737,335],{"class":63},[49,125739,125740,125742,125744,125746,125748,125750],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,125741,123],{"class":122},[49,125743,126],{"class":63},[49,125745,1429],{"class":1428},[49,125747,126],{"class":63},[49,125749,34199],{"class":112},[49,125751,1436],{"class":63},[49,125753,125754,125756,125758,125760,125762,125764],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,125755,123],{"class":122},[49,125757,126],{"class":63},[49,125759,41276],{"class":122},[49,125761,126],{"class":63},[49,125763,34199],{"class":112},[49,125765,1436],{"class":63},[155,125767,125768,125773,125778],{},[158,125769,125770,45777],{},[15,125771,125772],{},"print(text)",[158,125774,125775,45782],{},[15,125776,125777],{},"print(type(text))",[158,125779,125780,125783],{},[15,125781,125782],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[35,125785,1498],{"id":1497},[591,125787,125789],{"id":125788},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125791,125792,125793,2548,125796,109],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125794,125795],{},"'hello'",[15,125797,64039],{},[591,125799,125801],{"id":125800},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125803,125804],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[591,125806,125808],{"id":125807},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125810,1762,125811,2548,125813,109],{},[15,125812,5945],{},[15,125814,3447],{},[591,125816,125818],{"id":125817},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125820,1762,125821,125823,125824,125826,125827,109],{},[15,125822,47183],{},", like ",[15,125825,79885],{},", which returns ",[15,125828,41623],{},[591,125830,125832],{"id":125831},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125834,125835],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[35,125837,1550],{"id":1549},[155,125839,125840,125844,125850,125855,125864,125868],{},[158,125841,125842],{},[72,125843,124615],{"href":50476},[158,125845,125846],{},[72,125847,3247,125848,3180],{"href":41672},[15,125849,47183],{},[158,125851,125852],{},[72,125853,125854],{"href":122785},"How to convert int to string in Python",[158,125856,125857],{},[72,125858,125860,125861,1571],{"href":125859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125862,125863],{},"format()",[158,125865,125866],{},[72,125867,125301],{"href":125300},[158,125869,125870],{},[72,125871,89911],{"href":89910},[1597,125873,125874],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":125876},[125877,125878,125879,125880,125881,125882,125883,125884,125885,125894,125901],{"id":14641,"depth":103,"text":14642},{"id":124454,"depth":103,"text":124455},{"id":124618,"depth":103,"text":124619},{"id":124693,"depth":103,"text":124694},{"id":124793,"depth":103,"text":124794},{"id":124898,"depth":103,"text":124899},{"id":125076,"depth":103,"text":125077},{"id":125193,"depth":103,"text":125194},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":125886},[125887,125888,125889,125890,125892,125893],{"id":89718,"depth":119,"text":89719},{"id":125366,"depth":119,"text":125367},{"id":125449,"depth":119,"text":125450},{"id":125513,"depth":119,"text":125891},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125619,"depth":119,"text":125620},{"id":60213,"depth":119,"text":60214},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":125895},[125896,125897,125898,125899,125900],{"id":125788,"depth":119,"text":125789},{"id":125800,"depth":119,"text":125801},{"id":125807,"depth":119,"text":125808},{"id":125817,"depth":119,"text":125818},{"id":125831,"depth":119,"text":125832},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124316,"description":125902},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125909,"title":125910,"body":125911,"description":127825,"extension":1632,"meta":127826,"navigation":312,"path":127827,"seo":127828,"stem":127829,"__hash__":127830},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125912,"toc":127786},[125913,125919,125924,125932,125934,126001,126003,126015,126024,126029,126033,126050,126052,126117,126119,126131,126136,126138,126166,126187,126190,126229,126231,126239,126243,126247,126251,126259,126262,126303,126305,126313,126316,126373,126375,126383,126387,126392,126436,126438,126446,126455,126459,126464,126512,126514,126522,126528,126530,126534,126546,126551,126630,126632,126652,126656,126660,126700,126702,126710,126714,126757,126759,126767,126771,126811,126813,126821,126825,126881,126883,126891,126897,126899,126903,126913,126980,126982,126995,127002,127045,127047,127055,127059,127062,127118,127120,127128,127131,127133,127210,127212,127220,127229,127231,127235,127239,127241,127263,127266,127313,127317,127356,127358,127366,127368,127410,127417,127422,127484,127486,127498,127504,127509,127558,127560,127579,127585,127587,127606,127608,127699,127701,127707,127714,127720,127726,127731,127740,127747,127755,127757,127783],[10,125914,122860,125916,18],{"id":125915},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125917,125918],{},"endswith()",[20,125920,122865,125921,125923],{},[15,125922,125918],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125925,125926,125927,2548,125929,125931],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125928,3276],{},[15,125930,3348],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[35,125933,38],{"id":37},[40,125935,125937],{"className":42,"code":125936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125938,125939,125953,125978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125940,125941,125944,125946,125948,125951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125942,125943],{"class":55},"filename ",[49,125945,60],{"class":59},[49,125947,87],{"class":67},[49,125949,125950],{"class":71},"report.csv",[49,125952,301],{"class":67},[49,125954,125955,125957,125959,125962,125964,125967,125969,125971,125974,125976],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,125956,123],{"class":122},[49,125958,126],{"class":63},[49,125960,125961],{"class":112},"filename",[49,125963,109],{"class":63},[49,125965,125966],{"class":112},"endswith",[49,125968,126],{"class":63},[49,125970,68],{"class":67},[49,125972,125973],{"class":71},".csv",[49,125975,68],{"class":67},[49,125977,1436],{"class":63},[49,125979,125980,125982,125984,125986,125988,125990,125992,125994,125997,125999],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,125981,123],{"class":122},[49,125983,126],{"class":63},[49,125985,125961],{"class":112},[49,125987,109],{"class":63},[49,125989,125966],{"class":112},[49,125991,126],{"class":63},[49,125993,68],{"class":67},[49,125995,125996],{"class":71},".txt",[49,125998,68],{"class":67},[49,126000,1436],{"class":63},[20,126002,573],{},[40,126004,126005],{"className":42,"code":43672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126006,126007,126011],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126008,126009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126010,1007],{"class":583},[49,126012,126013],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126014,1194],{"class":583},[20,126016,1762,126017,5042,126019,2548,126021,126023],{},[15,126018,125918],{},[15,126020,3276],{},[15,126022,3348],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[35,126025,144,126027,147],{"id":126026},"what-endswith-does",[15,126028,125918],{},[20,126030,126031,77],{},[15,126032,125918],{},[155,126034,126035,126038,126044,126047],{},[158,126036,126037],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[158,126039,166,126040,2548,126042],{},[15,126041,3276],{},[15,126043,3348],{},[158,126045,126046],{},"Does not change the original string",[158,126048,126049],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126051,1244],{},[40,126053,126055],{"className":42,"code":126054,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126056,126057,126069,126073,126095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126058,126059,126061,126063,126065,126067],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126060,34178],{"class":55},[49,126062,60],{"class":59},[49,126064,87],{"class":67},[49,126066,59910],{"class":71},[49,126068,301],{"class":67},[49,126070,126071],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126072,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,126074,126075,126077,126079,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091,126093],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,126076,123],{"class":122},[49,126078,126],{"class":63},[49,126080,34199],{"class":112},[49,126082,109],{"class":63},[49,126084,125966],{"class":112},[49,126086,126],{"class":63},[49,126088,68],{"class":67},[49,126090,60095],{"class":71},[49,126092,68],{"class":67},[49,126094,1436],{"class":63},[49,126096,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105,126107,126109,126111,126113,126115],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,126098,123],{"class":122},[49,126100,126],{"class":63},[49,126102,34199],{"class":112},[49,126104,109],{"class":63},[49,126106,125966],{"class":112},[49,126108,126],{"class":63},[49,126110,68],{"class":67},[49,126112,3518],{"class":71},[49,126114,68],{"class":67},[49,126116,1436],{"class":63},[20,126118,573],{},[40,126120,126121],{"className":42,"code":43672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126122,126123,126127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126124,126125],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126126,1007],{"class":583},[49,126128,126129],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126130,1194],{"class":583},[20,126132,126133,126134,109],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[72,126135,124615],{"href":50476},[35,126137,189],{"id":188},[40,126139,126141],{"className":42,"code":126140,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126142,126143],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126144,126145,126147,126149,126151,126153,126156,126158,126160,126162,126164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126146,60678],{"class":55},[49,126148,109],{"class":63},[49,126150,125966],{"class":112},[49,126152,126],{"class":63},[49,126154,126155],{"class":112},"suffix",[49,126157,84],{"class":63},[49,126159,35544],{"class":112},[49,126161,84],{"class":63},[49,126163,64545],{"class":112},[49,126165,335],{"class":63},[155,126167,126168,126173,126180],{},[158,126169,126170,126172],{},[15,126171,126155],{}," is required",[158,126174,126175,1017,126177,126179],{},[15,126176,35565],{},[15,126178,52162],{}," are optional",[158,126181,126182,1017,126184,126186],{},[15,126183,35565],{},[15,126185,52162],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126188,126189],{},"Basic example:",[40,126191,126193],{"className":42,"code":126192,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126194,126195,126207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126196,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126198,125943],{"class":55},[49,126200,60],{"class":59},[49,126202,87],{"class":67},[49,126204,86400],{"class":71},[49,126206,301],{"class":67},[49,126208,126209,126211,126213,126215,126217,126219,126221,126223,126225,126227],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126210,123],{"class":122},[49,126212,126],{"class":63},[49,126214,125961],{"class":112},[49,126216,109],{"class":63},[49,126218,125966],{"class":112},[49,126220,126],{"class":63},[49,126222,68],{"class":67},[49,126224,125996],{"class":71},[49,126226,68],{"class":67},[49,126228,1436],{"class":63},[20,126230,573],{},[40,126232,126233],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126234,126235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126236,126237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126238,1007],{"class":583},[35,126240,126242],{"id":126241},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[591,126244,126245],{"id":126155},[15,126246,126155],{},[20,126248,126249,30238],{},[15,126250,126155],{},[155,126252,126253,126256],{},[158,126254,126255],{},"A single string",[158,126257,126258],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126260,126261],{},"Single suffix:",[40,126263,126265],{"className":42,"code":126264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126266,126267,126280],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126268,126269,126271,126273,126275,126278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126270,7549],{"class":55},[49,126272,60],{"class":59},[49,126274,87],{"class":67},[49,126276,126277],{"class":71},"image.png",[49,126279,301],{"class":67},[49,126281,126282,126284,126286,126288,126290,126292,126294,126296,126299,126301],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126283,123],{"class":122},[49,126285,126],{"class":63},[49,126287,251],{"class":112},[49,126289,109],{"class":63},[49,126291,125966],{"class":112},[49,126293,126],{"class":63},[49,126295,68],{"class":67},[49,126297,126298],{"class":71},".png",[49,126300,68],{"class":67},[49,126302,1436],{"class":63},[20,126304,573],{},[40,126306,126307],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126308,126309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126310,126311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126312,1007],{"class":583},[20,126314,126315],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[40,126317,126319],{"className":42,"code":126318,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126320,126321,126333],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126322,126323,126325,126327,126329,126331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126324,7549],{"class":55},[49,126326,60],{"class":59},[49,126328,87],{"class":67},[49,126330,126277],{"class":71},[49,126332,301],{"class":67},[49,126334,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345,126347,126349,126352,126354,126356,126358,126360,126362,126364,126366,126369,126371],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126336,123],{"class":122},[49,126338,126],{"class":63},[49,126340,251],{"class":112},[49,126342,109],{"class":63},[49,126344,125966],{"class":112},[49,126346,5183],{"class":63},[49,126348,68],{"class":67},[49,126350,126351],{"class":71},".jpg",[49,126353,68],{"class":67},[49,126355,84],{"class":63},[49,126357,87],{"class":67},[49,126359,126298],{"class":71},[49,126361,68],{"class":67},[49,126363,84],{"class":63},[49,126365,87],{"class":67},[49,126367,126368],{"class":71},".gif",[49,126370,68],{"class":67},[49,126372,2582],{"class":63},[20,126374,573],{},[40,126376,126377],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126378,126379],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126380,126381],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126382,1007],{"class":583},[591,126384,126385],{"id":35565},[15,126386,35565],{},[20,126388,126389,126391],{},[15,126390,35565],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[40,126393,126395],{"className":42,"code":126394,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126396,126397,126410],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126398,126399,126401,126403,126405,126408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126400,34178],{"class":55},[49,126402,60],{"class":59},[49,126404,87],{"class":67},[49,126406,126407],{"class":71},"my_report.csv",[49,126409,301],{"class":67},[49,126411,126412,126414,126416,126418,126420,126422,126424,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126413,123],{"class":122},[49,126415,126],{"class":63},[49,126417,34199],{"class":112},[49,126419,109],{"class":63},[49,126421,125966],{"class":112},[49,126423,126],{"class":63},[49,126425,68],{"class":67},[49,126427,125973],{"class":71},[49,126429,68],{"class":67},[49,126431,84],{"class":63},[49,126433,2120],{"class":80},[49,126435,1436],{"class":63},[20,126437,573],{},[40,126439,126440],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126441,126442],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126443,126444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126445,1007],{"class":583},[20,126447,126448,126449,126451,126452,109],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126450,1731],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126453,126454],{},"\"report.csv\"",[591,126456,126457],{"id":52162},[15,126458,52162],{},[20,126460,126461,126463],{},[15,126462,52162],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[40,126465,126467],{"className":42,"code":126466,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126468,126469,126482],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126470,126471,126473,126475,126477,126480],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126472,34178],{"class":55},[49,126474,60],{"class":59},[49,126476,87],{"class":67},[49,126478,126479],{"class":71},"report.csv backup",[49,126481,301],{"class":67},[49,126483,126484,126486,126488,126490,126492,126494,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504,126506,126508,126510],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126485,123],{"class":122},[49,126487,126],{"class":63},[49,126489,34199],{"class":112},[49,126491,109],{"class":63},[49,126493,125966],{"class":112},[49,126495,126],{"class":63},[49,126497,68],{"class":67},[49,126499,125973],{"class":71},[49,126501,68],{"class":67},[49,126503,84],{"class":63},[49,126505,3506],{"class":80},[49,126507,84],{"class":63},[49,126509,5677],{"class":80},[49,126511,1436],{"class":63},[20,126513,573],{},[40,126515,126516],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126517,126518],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126519,126520],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126521,1007],{"class":583},[20,126523,126524,126525,126527],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126526,126454],{}," and ignores the rest.",[35,126529,16900],{"id":16899},[20,126531,126532,24994],{},[15,126533,125918],{},[155,126535,126536,126541],{},[158,126537,126538,126540],{},[15,126539,3276],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[158,126542,126543,126545],{},[15,126544,3348],{}," if it does not",[20,126547,126548,126549,6843],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126550,6668],{},[40,126552,126554],{"className":42,"code":126553,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126555,126556,126569,126573,126594,126609,126615],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126557,126558,126560,126562,126564,126567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126559,125943],{"class":55},[49,126561,60],{"class":59},[49,126563,87],{"class":67},[49,126565,126566],{"class":71},"data.csv",[49,126568,301],{"class":67},[49,126570,126571],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126572,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,126574,126575,126577,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,126576,6668],{"class":973},[49,126578,126579],{"class":55}," filename",[49,126581,109],{"class":63},[49,126583,125966],{"class":112},[49,126585,126],{"class":63},[49,126587,68],{"class":67},[49,126589,125973],{"class":71},[49,126591,68],{"class":67},[49,126593,8016],{"class":63},[49,126595,126596,126598,126600,126602,126605,126607],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,126597,7742],{"class":122},[49,126599,126],{"class":63},[49,126601,68],{"class":67},[49,126603,126604],{"class":71},"This is a CSV file.",[49,126606,68],{"class":67},[49,126608,335],{"class":63},[49,126610,126611,126613],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,126612,26920],{"class":973},[49,126614,6067],{"class":63},[49,126616,126617,126619,126621,126623,126626,126628],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,126618,7742],{"class":122},[49,126620,126],{"class":63},[49,126622,68],{"class":67},[49,126624,126625],{"class":71},"This is not a CSV file.",[49,126627,68],{"class":67},[49,126629,335],{"class":63},[20,126631,573],{},[40,126633,126635],{"className":42,"code":126634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126636,126637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126638,126639,126641,126643,126645,126648,126650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126640,49379],{"class":55},[49,126642,974],{"class":59},[49,126644,44043],{"class":55},[49,126646,126647],{"class":33943},"CSV",[49,126649,86141],{"class":86140},[49,126651,121892],{"class":63},[35,126653,126655],{"id":126654},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[591,126657,126659],{"id":126658},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[40,126661,126663],{"className":42,"code":126662,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126664,126665,126678],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126666,126667,126669,126671,126673,126676],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126668,125943],{"class":55},[49,126670,60],{"class":59},[49,126672,87],{"class":67},[49,126674,126675],{"class":71},"sales.csv",[49,126677,301],{"class":67},[49,126679,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696,126698],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126681,123],{"class":122},[49,126683,126],{"class":63},[49,126685,125961],{"class":112},[49,126687,109],{"class":63},[49,126689,125966],{"class":112},[49,126691,126],{"class":63},[49,126693,68],{"class":67},[49,126695,125973],{"class":71},[49,126697,68],{"class":67},[49,126699,1436],{"class":63},[20,126701,573],{},[40,126703,126704],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126705,126706],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126707,126708],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126709,1007],{"class":583},[591,126711,126713],{"id":126712},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[40,126715,126717],{"className":42,"code":126716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126718,126719,126733],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126720,126721,126724,126726,126728,126731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126722,126723],{"class":55},"url ",[49,126725,60],{"class":59},[49,126727,87],{"class":67},[49,126729,126730],{"class":71},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[49,126732,301],{"class":67},[49,126734,126735,126737,126739,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126753,126755],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126736,123],{"class":122},[49,126738,126],{"class":63},[49,126740,126741],{"class":112},"url",[49,126743,109],{"class":63},[49,126745,125966],{"class":112},[49,126747,126],{"class":63},[49,126749,68],{"class":67},[49,126751,126752],{"class":71},"\u002F",[49,126754,68],{"class":67},[49,126756,1436],{"class":63},[20,126758,573],{},[40,126760,126761],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126762,126763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126764,126765],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126766,1007],{"class":583},[591,126768,126770],{"id":126769},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[40,126772,126774],{"className":42,"code":126773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126775,126776,126789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126777,126778,126780,126782,126784,126787],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126779,89512],{"class":55},[49,126781,60],{"class":59},[49,126783,87],{"class":67},[49,126785,126786],{"class":71},"Hello!",[49,126788,301],{"class":67},[49,126790,126791,126793,126795,126797,126799,126801,126803,126805,126807,126809],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126792,123],{"class":122},[49,126794,126],{"class":63},[49,126796,89529],{"class":112},[49,126798,109],{"class":63},[49,126800,125966],{"class":112},[49,126802,126],{"class":63},[49,126804,68],{"class":67},[49,126806,89353],{"class":71},[49,126808,68],{"class":67},[49,126810,1436],{"class":63},[20,126812,573],{},[40,126814,126815],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126816,126817],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126818,126819],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126820,1007],{"class":583},[591,126822,126824],{"id":126823},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[40,126826,126828],{"className":42,"code":126827,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126829,126830,126843],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126831,126832,126834,126836,126838,126841],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126833,125943],{"class":55},[49,126835,60],{"class":59},[49,126837,87],{"class":67},[49,126839,126840],{"class":71},"photo.jpg",[49,126842,301],{"class":67},[49,126844,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853,126855,126857,126859,126861,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873,126875,126877,126879],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126846,123],{"class":122},[49,126848,126],{"class":63},[49,126850,125961],{"class":112},[49,126852,109],{"class":63},[49,126854,125966],{"class":112},[49,126856,5183],{"class":63},[49,126858,68],{"class":67},[49,126860,126351],{"class":71},[49,126862,68],{"class":67},[49,126864,84],{"class":63},[49,126866,87],{"class":67},[49,126868,126298],{"class":71},[49,126870,68],{"class":67},[49,126872,84],{"class":63},[49,126874,87],{"class":67},[49,126876,126368],{"class":71},[49,126878,68],{"class":67},[49,126880,2582],{"class":63},[20,126882,573],{},[40,126884,126885],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126886,126887],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126888,126889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126890,1007],{"class":583},[20,126892,126893,126894,109],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[72,126895,126896],{"href":123115},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[35,126898,123507],{"id":123506},[20,126900,126901,123318],{},[15,126902,125918],{},[20,126904,126905,126906,1017,126909,126912],{},"That means ",[15,126907,126908],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126910,126911],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[40,126914,126916],{"className":42,"code":126915,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126917,126918,126931,126935,126957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126919,126920,126922,126924,126926,126929],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126921,125943],{"class":55},[49,126923,60],{"class":59},[49,126925,87],{"class":67},[49,126927,126928],{"class":71},"REPORT.CSV",[49,126930,301],{"class":67},[49,126932,126933],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126934,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,126936,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951,126953,126955],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,126938,123],{"class":122},[49,126940,126],{"class":63},[49,126942,125961],{"class":112},[49,126944,109],{"class":63},[49,126946,125966],{"class":112},[49,126948,126],{"class":63},[49,126950,68],{"class":67},[49,126952,125973],{"class":71},[49,126954,68],{"class":67},[49,126956,1436],{"class":63},[49,126958,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973,126976,126978],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,126960,123],{"class":122},[49,126962,126],{"class":63},[49,126964,125961],{"class":112},[49,126966,109],{"class":63},[49,126968,125966],{"class":112},[49,126970,126],{"class":63},[49,126972,68],{"class":67},[49,126974,126975],{"class":71},".CSV",[49,126977,68],{"class":67},[49,126979,1436],{"class":63},[20,126981,573],{},[40,126983,126985],{"className":42,"code":126984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126986,126987,126991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126988,126989],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126990,1194],{"class":583},[49,126992,126993],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,126994,1007],{"class":583},[20,126996,126997,126998,109],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[72,126999,127000],{"href":123587},[15,127001,123590],{},[40,127003,127005],{"className":42,"code":127004,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127006,127007,127019],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127008,127009,127011,127013,127015,127017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127010,125943],{"class":55},[49,127012,60],{"class":59},[49,127014,87],{"class":67},[49,127016,126928],{"class":71},[49,127018,301],{"class":67},[49,127020,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127022,123],{"class":122},[49,127024,126],{"class":63},[49,127026,125961],{"class":112},[49,127028,109],{"class":63},[49,127030,8315],{"class":112},[49,127032,8312],{"class":63},[49,127034,125966],{"class":112},[49,127036,126],{"class":63},[49,127038,68],{"class":67},[49,127040,125973],{"class":71},[49,127042,68],{"class":67},[49,127044,1436],{"class":63},[20,127046,573],{},[40,127048,127049],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127050,127051],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127052,127053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127054,1007],{"class":583},[35,127056,127058],{"id":127057},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127060,127061],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[40,127063,127065],{"className":42,"code":127064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127066,127067,127080],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127068,127069,127071,127073,127075,127078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127070,125943],{"class":55},[49,127072,60],{"class":59},[49,127074,87],{"class":67},[49,127076,127077],{"class":71},"picture.gif",[49,127079,301],{"class":67},[49,127081,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127083,123],{"class":122},[49,127085,126],{"class":63},[49,127087,125961],{"class":112},[49,127089,109],{"class":63},[49,127091,125966],{"class":112},[49,127093,5183],{"class":63},[49,127095,68],{"class":67},[49,127097,126351],{"class":71},[49,127099,68],{"class":67},[49,127101,84],{"class":63},[49,127103,87],{"class":67},[49,127105,126298],{"class":71},[49,127107,68],{"class":67},[49,127109,84],{"class":63},[49,127111,87],{"class":67},[49,127113,126368],{"class":71},[49,127115,68],{"class":67},[49,127117,2582],{"class":63},[20,127119,573],{},[40,127121,127122],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127123,127124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127125,127126],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127127,1007],{"class":583},[20,127129,127130],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127132,51581],{},[40,127134,127136],{"className":42,"code":127135,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127137,127138,127151,127186,127190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127139,127140,127143,127145,127147,127149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127141,127142],{"class":55},"document ",[49,127144,60],{"class":59},[49,127146,87],{"class":67},[49,127148,86400],{"class":71},[49,127150,301],{"class":67},[49,127152,127153,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170,127173,127175,127177,127179,127182,127184],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127154,127155],{"class":55},"allowed ",[49,127157,60],{"class":59},[49,127159,8907],{"class":63},[49,127161,68],{"class":67},[49,127163,125996],{"class":71},[49,127165,68],{"class":67},[49,127167,84],{"class":63},[49,127169,87],{"class":67},[49,127171,127172],{"class":71},".md",[49,127174,68],{"class":67},[49,127176,84],{"class":63},[49,127178,87],{"class":67},[49,127180,127181],{"class":71},".docx",[49,127183,68],{"class":67},[49,127185,335],{"class":63},[49,127187,127188],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,127189,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,127191,127192,127194,127196,127199,127201,127203,127205,127208],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,127193,123],{"class":122},[49,127195,126],{"class":63},[49,127197,127198],{"class":112},"document",[49,127200,109],{"class":63},[49,127202,125966],{"class":112},[49,127204,126],{"class":63},[49,127206,127207],{"class":112},"allowed",[49,127209,1436],{"class":63},[20,127211,573],{},[40,127213,127214],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127215,127216],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127217,127218],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127219,1007],{"class":583},[20,127221,127222,127223,109],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[72,127224,125860,127226,1571],{"href":127225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127227,127228],{},"startswith()",[35,127230,1376],{"id":1375},[20,127232,8122,127233,109],{},[15,127234,125918],{},[591,127236,127238],{"id":127237},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127240,4199],{},[40,127242,127244],{"className":42,"code":127243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127245,127246,127258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127247,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127249,125943],{"class":55},[49,127251,60],{"class":59},[49,127253,87],{"class":67},[49,127255,126840],{"class":71},[49,127257,301],{"class":67},[49,127259,127260],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127261,127262],{"class":134},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127264,127265],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[40,127267,127269],{"className":42,"code":127268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127270,127271,127283],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127272,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127274,125943],{"class":55},[49,127276,60],{"class":59},[49,127278,87],{"class":67},[49,127280,126840],{"class":71},[49,127282,301],{"class":67},[49,127284,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127309,127311],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127286,123],{"class":122},[49,127288,126],{"class":63},[49,127290,125961],{"class":112},[49,127292,109],{"class":63},[49,127294,125966],{"class":112},[49,127296,5183],{"class":63},[49,127298,68],{"class":67},[49,127300,126351],{"class":71},[49,127302,68],{"class":67},[49,127304,84],{"class":63},[49,127306,87],{"class":67},[49,127308,126298],{"class":71},[49,127310,68],{"class":67},[49,127312,2582],{"class":63},[591,127314,127316],{"id":127315},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[40,127318,127320],{"className":42,"code":127319,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127321,127322,127334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127323,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127325,125943],{"class":55},[49,127327,60],{"class":59},[49,127329,87],{"class":67},[49,127331,126928],{"class":71},[49,127333,301],{"class":67},[49,127335,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352,127354],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127337,123],{"class":122},[49,127339,126],{"class":63},[49,127341,125961],{"class":112},[49,127343,109],{"class":63},[49,127345,125966],{"class":112},[49,127347,126],{"class":63},[49,127349,68],{"class":67},[49,127351,125973],{"class":71},[49,127353,68],{"class":67},[49,127355,1436],{"class":63},[20,127357,573],{},[40,127359,127360],{"className":42,"code":1194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127361,127362],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127363,127364],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127365,1194],{"class":583},[20,127367,38757],{},[40,127369,127370],{"className":42,"code":127004,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127371,127372,127384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127373,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127375,125943],{"class":55},[49,127377,60],{"class":59},[49,127379,87],{"class":67},[49,127381,126928],{"class":71},[49,127383,301],{"class":67},[49,127385,127386,127388,127390,127392,127394,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127387,123],{"class":122},[49,127389,126],{"class":63},[49,127391,125961],{"class":112},[49,127393,109],{"class":63},[49,127395,8315],{"class":112},[49,127397,8312],{"class":63},[49,127399,125966],{"class":112},[49,127401,126],{"class":63},[49,127403,68],{"class":67},[49,127405,125973],{"class":71},[49,127407,68],{"class":67},[49,127409,1436],{"class":63},[591,127411,36698,127413,8379,127415],{"id":127412},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127414,125918],{},[15,127416,3555],{},[20,127418,127419,127421],{},[15,127420,125918],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[40,127423,127425],{"className":42,"code":127424,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127426,127427,127440,127444,127466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127428,127429,127431,127433,127435,127438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127430,34178],{"class":55},[49,127432,60],{"class":59},[49,127434,87],{"class":67},[49,127436,127437],{"class":71},"my_report.csv.backup",[49,127439,301],{"class":67},[49,127441,127442],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127443,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,127445,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462,127464],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,127447,123],{"class":122},[49,127449,126],{"class":63},[49,127451,34199],{"class":112},[49,127453,109],{"class":63},[49,127455,125966],{"class":112},[49,127457,126],{"class":63},[49,127459,68],{"class":67},[49,127461,125973],{"class":71},[49,127463,68],{"class":67},[49,127465,1436],{"class":63},[49,127467,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478,127480,127482],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,127469,123],{"class":122},[49,127471,126],{"class":63},[49,127473,68],{"class":67},[49,127475,125973],{"class":71},[49,127477,68],{"class":67},[49,127479,20657],{"class":973},[49,127481,42339],{"class":112},[49,127483,335],{"class":63},[20,127485,573],{},[40,127487,127488],{"className":42,"code":126984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127489,127490,127494],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127491,127492],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127493,1194],{"class":583},[49,127495,127496],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127497,1007],{"class":583},[591,127499,1392,127501,127503],{"id":127500},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127502,125918],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127505,127506,127508],{},[15,127507,125918],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[40,127510,127512],{"className":42,"code":127511,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127513,127514,127526,127548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127515,127516,127518,127520,127522,127524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127517,125943],{"class":55},[49,127519,60],{"class":59},[49,127521,87],{"class":67},[49,127523,125950],{"class":71},[49,127525,301],{"class":67},[49,127527,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127529,123],{"class":122},[49,127531,126],{"class":63},[49,127533,125961],{"class":112},[49,127535,109],{"class":63},[49,127537,125966],{"class":112},[49,127539,126],{"class":63},[49,127541,68],{"class":67},[49,127543,125973],{"class":71},[49,127545,68],{"class":67},[49,127547,1436],{"class":63},[49,127549,127550,127552,127554,127556],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,127551,123],{"class":122},[49,127553,126],{"class":63},[49,127555,125961],{"class":112},[49,127557,335],{"class":63},[20,127559,573],{},[40,127561,127563],{"className":42,"code":127562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127564,127565,127569],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127566,127567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127568,1007],{"class":583},[49,127570,127571,127574,127576],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127572,127573],{"class":55},"report",[49,127575,109],{"class":63},[49,127577,127578],{"class":24235},"csv\n",[20,127580,127581,127582,109],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[72,127583,127584],{"href":124028},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127586,65568],{},[155,127588,127589,127592,127595,127598],{},[158,127590,127591],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[158,127593,127594],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[158,127596,127597],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[158,127599,8092,127600,44128,127602,2548,127604,111057],{},[15,127601,125918],{},[15,127603,124031],{},[15,127605,41150],{},[20,127607,29623],{},[40,127609,127611],{"className":42,"code":127610,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127612,127613,127623,127637,127659,127685],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127614,127615,127617,127619,127621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127616,123],{"class":122},[49,127618,126],{"class":63},[49,127620,34199],{"class":112},[49,127622,335],{"class":63},[49,127624,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127626,123],{"class":122},[49,127628,126],{"class":63},[49,127630,41276],{"class":122},[49,127632,126],{"class":63},[49,127634,34199],{"class":112},[49,127636,1436],{"class":63},[49,127638,127639,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649,127651,127653,127655,127657],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,127640,123],{"class":122},[49,127642,126],{"class":63},[49,127644,34199],{"class":112},[49,127646,109],{"class":63},[49,127648,125966],{"class":112},[49,127650,126],{"class":63},[49,127652,397],{"class":67},[49,127654,125973],{"class":71},[49,127656,397],{"class":67},[49,127658,1436],{"class":63},[49,127660,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,127662,123],{"class":122},[49,127664,126],{"class":63},[49,127666,34199],{"class":112},[49,127668,109],{"class":63},[49,127670,8315],{"class":112},[49,127672,8312],{"class":63},[49,127674,125966],{"class":112},[49,127676,126],{"class":63},[49,127678,397],{"class":67},[49,127680,125973],{"class":71},[49,127682,397],{"class":67},[49,127684,1436],{"class":63},[49,127686,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,127688,123],{"class":122},[49,127690,126],{"class":63},[49,127692,1429],{"class":1428},[49,127694,126],{"class":63},[49,127696,34199],{"class":112},[49,127698,1436],{"class":63},[35,127700,1498],{"id":1497},[591,127702,1502,127704,127706],{"id":127703},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127705,125918],{}," change the string?",[20,127708,127709,127710,2548,127712,109],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127711,3276],{},[15,127713,3348],{},[591,127715,4842,127717,127719],{"id":127716},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127718,125918],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127721,127722,127723,109],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127724,127725],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[591,127727,14382,127729,124196],{"id":127728},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127730,125918],{},[20,127732,127733,127734,2548,127736,127739],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127735,123590],{},[15,127737,127738],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[591,127741,1524,127743,1017,127745,1529],{"id":127742},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127744,125918],{},[15,127746,123855],{},[20,127748,127749,127751,127752,127754],{},[15,127750,125918],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127753,123855],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[35,127756,1550],{"id":1549},[155,127758,127759,127765,127771,127775,127779],{},[158,127760,127761],{},[72,127762,125860,127763,1571],{"href":127225},[15,127764,127228],{},[158,127766,127767],{},[72,127768,125860,127769,1571],{"href":123587},[15,127770,123590],{},[158,127772,127773],{},[72,127774,124259],{"href":123115},[158,127776,127777],{},[72,127778,124266],{"href":124028},[158,127780,127781],{},[72,127782,124615],{"href":50476},[1597,127784,127785],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":127787},[127788,127789,127791,127792,127797,127798,127804,127805,127806,127814,127824],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":126026,"depth":103,"text":127790},"What endswith() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":126241,"depth":103,"text":126242,"children":127793},[127794,127795,127796],{"id":126155,"depth":119,"text":126155},{"id":35565,"depth":119,"text":35565},{"id":52162,"depth":119,"text":52162},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":126654,"depth":103,"text":126655,"children":127799},[127800,127801,127802,127803],{"id":126658,"depth":119,"text":126659},{"id":126712,"depth":119,"text":126713},{"id":126769,"depth":119,"text":126770},{"id":126823,"depth":119,"text":126824},{"id":123506,"depth":103,"text":123507},{"id":127057,"depth":103,"text":127058},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":127807},[127808,127809,127810,127812],{"id":127237,"depth":119,"text":127238},{"id":127315,"depth":119,"text":127316},{"id":127412,"depth":119,"text":127811},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127500,"depth":119,"text":127813},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":127815},[127816,127818,127820,127822],{"id":127703,"depth":119,"text":127817},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127716,"depth":119,"text":127819},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127728,"depth":119,"text":127821},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127742,"depth":119,"text":127823},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125910,"description":127825},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127832,"title":127833,"body":127834,"description":129502,"extension":1632,"meta":129503,"navigation":312,"path":129504,"seo":129505,"stem":129506,"__hash__":129507},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127835,"toc":129475},[127836,127841,127846,127851,127856,127949,127959,127964,127969,127984,127986,128068,128076,128078,128080,128107,128109,128125,128132,128134,128242,128244,128249,128265,128267,128362,128370,128373,128379,128384,128389,128396,128535,128538,128551,128553,128557,128564,128634,128637,128686,128693,128700,128714,128719,128724,128770,128816,128832,128834,128839,128853,128856,128978,128983,128985,128990,129023,129026,129102,129104,129113,129127,129130,129214,129217,129328,129331,129359,129361,129368,129372,129378,129381,129387,129390,129397,129408,129414,129421,129423,129472],[10,127837,122860,127839,18],{"id":127838},"python-string-find-method",[15,127840,123855],{},[20,127842,122865,127843,127845],{},[15,127844,123855],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127847,127848,127849,109],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127850,65359],{},[20,127852,1762,127853,127855],{},[15,127854,123855],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[40,127857,127859],{"className":42,"code":127858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127860,127861,127873,127896,127909,127913,127936],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127862,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127864,34178],{"class":55},[49,127866,60],{"class":59},[49,127868,87],{"class":67},[49,127870,59910],{"class":71},[49,127872,301],{"class":67},[49,127874,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,127876,64424],{"class":55},[49,127878,60],{"class":59},[49,127880,42339],{"class":55},[49,127882,109],{"class":63},[49,127884,127885],{"class":112},"find",[49,127887,126],{"class":63},[49,127889,68],{"class":67},[49,127891,60095],{"class":71},[49,127893,68],{"class":67},[49,127895,335],{"class":63},[49,127897,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,127899,123],{"class":122},[49,127901,126],{"class":63},[49,127903,64451],{"class":112},[49,127905,131],{"class":63},[49,127907,127908],{"class":134},"   # 6\n",[49,127910,127911],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,127912,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,127914,127915,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,127916,127917],{"class":55},"missing ",[49,127919,60],{"class":59},[49,127921,42339],{"class":55},[49,127923,109],{"class":63},[49,127925,127885],{"class":112},[49,127927,126],{"class":63},[49,127929,68],{"class":67},[49,127931,44],{"class":71},[49,127933,68],{"class":67},[49,127935,335],{"class":63},[49,127937,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,127939,123],{"class":122},[49,127941,126],{"class":63},[49,127943,26259],{"class":112},[49,127945,131],{"class":63},[49,127947,127948],{"class":134},"    # -1\n",[43078,127950,127951],{},[20,127952,1762,127953,127955,127956,127958],{},[15,127954,123855],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127957,65359],{}," if the substring is not found.",[35,127960,144,127962,147],{"id":127961},"what-find-does",[15,127963,123855],{},[20,127965,127966,127968],{},[15,127967,123855],{}," is a string method that:",[155,127970,127971,127974,127977,127982],{},[158,127972,127973],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[158,127975,127976],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[158,127978,166,127979,127981],{},[15,127980,65359],{}," if no match is found",[158,127983,126046],{},[20,127985,1244],{},[40,127987,127989],{"className":42,"code":127988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127990,127991,128003,128007,128031,128055],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127992,127993,127995,127997,127999,128001],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127994,34178],{"class":55},[49,127996,60],{"class":59},[49,127998,87],{"class":67},[49,128000,3760],{"class":71},[49,128002,301],{"class":67},[49,128004,128005],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128006,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128008,128009,128011,128013,128015,128017,128019,128021,128023,128025,128027,128029],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128010,123],{"class":122},[49,128012,126],{"class":63},[49,128014,34199],{"class":112},[49,128016,109],{"class":63},[49,128018,127885],{"class":112},[49,128020,126],{"class":63},[49,128022,68],{"class":67},[49,128024,122953],{"class":71},[49,128026,68],{"class":67},[49,128028,5034],{"class":63},[49,128030,57148],{"class":134},[49,128032,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043,128045,128047,128049,128051,128053],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,128034,123],{"class":122},[49,128036,126],{"class":63},[49,128038,34199],{"class":112},[49,128040,109],{"class":63},[49,128042,127885],{"class":112},[49,128044,126],{"class":63},[49,128046,68],{"class":67},[49,128048,504],{"class":71},[49,128050,68],{"class":67},[49,128052,5034],{"class":63},[49,128054,127948],{"class":134},[49,128056,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,128058,123],{"class":122},[49,128060,126],{"class":63},[49,128062,34199],{"class":112},[49,128064,131],{"class":63},[49,128066,128067],{"class":134},"              # banana\n",[20,128069,20254,128070,128073,128074,109],{},[15,128071,128072],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128075,1725],{},[35,128077,189],{"id":188},[20,128079,1830],{},[40,128081,128083],{"className":42,"code":128082,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128084,128085],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128086,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128088,60678],{"class":55},[49,128090,109],{"class":63},[49,128092,127885],{"class":112},[49,128094,126],{"class":63},[49,128096,2142],{"class":112},[49,128098,84],{"class":63},[49,128100,35544],{"class":112},[49,128102,84],{"class":63},[49,128104,64545],{"class":112},[49,128106,335],{"class":63},[591,128108,16876],{"id":16875},[155,128110,128111,128115,128120],{},[158,128112,128113,123052],{},[15,128114,2142],{},[158,128116,128117,128119],{},[15,128118,35565],{},": optional starting position",[158,128121,128122,128124],{},[15,128123,52162],{},": optional ending position",[20,128126,128127,1017,128129,128131],{},[15,128128,35565],{},[15,128130,52162],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128133,126189],{},[40,128135,128137],{"className":42,"code":128136,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128138,128139,128151,128155,128180,128209],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128140,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128142,34178],{"class":55},[49,128144,60],{"class":59},[49,128146,87],{"class":67},[49,128148,59910],{"class":71},[49,128150,301],{"class":67},[49,128152,128153],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128154,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128156,128157,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128158,123],{"class":122},[49,128160,126],{"class":63},[49,128162,34199],{"class":112},[49,128164,109],{"class":63},[49,128166,127885],{"class":112},[49,128168,126],{"class":63},[49,128170,68],{"class":67},[49,128172,59977],{"class":71},[49,128174,68],{"class":67},[49,128176,5034],{"class":63},[49,128178,128179],{"class":134},"        # 4\n",[49,128181,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204,128206],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,128183,123],{"class":122},[49,128185,126],{"class":63},[49,128187,34199],{"class":112},[49,128189,109],{"class":63},[49,128191,127885],{"class":112},[49,128193,126],{"class":63},[49,128195,68],{"class":67},[49,128197,59977],{"class":71},[49,128199,68],{"class":67},[49,128201,84],{"class":63},[49,128203,4279],{"class":80},[49,128205,5034],{"class":63},[49,128207,128208],{"class":134},"     # 7\n",[49,128210,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,128212,123],{"class":122},[49,128214,126],{"class":63},[49,128216,34199],{"class":112},[49,128218,109],{"class":63},[49,128220,127885],{"class":112},[49,128222,126],{"class":63},[49,128224,68],{"class":67},[49,128226,59977],{"class":71},[49,128228,68],{"class":67},[49,128230,84],{"class":63},[49,128232,4279],{"class":80},[49,128234,84],{"class":63},[49,128236,5666],{"class":80},[49,128238,5034],{"class":63},[49,128240,128241],{"class":134},"  # -1\n",[35,128243,37515],{"id":37514},[20,128245,57047,128246,128248],{},[15,128247,123855],{}," is always an integer.",[155,128250,128251,128257,128260],{},[158,128252,128253,128254,128256],{},"A number ",[15,128255,1790],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[158,128258,128259],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[158,128261,128262,128264],{},[15,128263,65359],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128266,1244],{},[40,128268,128270],{"className":42,"code":128269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128271,128272,128284,128288,128313,128338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128273,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128275,34178],{"class":55},[49,128277,60],{"class":59},[49,128279,87],{"class":67},[49,128281,44],{"class":71},[49,128283,301],{"class":67},[49,128285,128286],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128287,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128289,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128307,128309,128311],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128291,123],{"class":122},[49,128293,126],{"class":63},[49,128295,34199],{"class":112},[49,128297,109],{"class":63},[49,128299,127885],{"class":112},[49,128301,126],{"class":63},[49,128303,68],{"class":67},[49,128305,128306],{"class":71},"py",[49,128308,68],{"class":67},[49,128310,5034],{"class":63},[49,128312,20251],{"class":134},[49,128314,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128332,128334,128336],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,128316,123],{"class":122},[49,128318,126],{"class":63},[49,128320,34199],{"class":112},[49,128322,109],{"class":63},[49,128324,127885],{"class":112},[49,128326,126],{"class":63},[49,128328,68],{"class":67},[49,128330,128331],{"class":71},"th",[49,128333,68],{"class":67},[49,128335,5034],{"class":63},[49,128337,57148],{"class":134},[49,128339,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,128341,123],{"class":122},[49,128343,126],{"class":63},[49,128345,34199],{"class":112},[49,128347,109],{"class":63},[49,128349,127885],{"class":112},[49,128351,126],{"class":63},[49,128353,68],{"class":67},[49,128355,21561],{"class":71},[49,128357,68],{"class":67},[49,128359,5034],{"class":63},[49,128361,127948],{"class":134},[20,128363,89415,128364,8130,128366,2548,128368,109],{},[15,128365,123855],{},[15,128367,3276],{},[15,128369,3348],{},[20,128371,128372],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[35,128374,8092,128375,1017,128377],{"id":64911},[15,128376,35565],{},[15,128378,52162],{},[20,128380,1762,128381,128383],{},[15,128382,35565],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128385,1762,128386,128388],{},[15,128387,52162],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128390,150,128391,74967,128393,128395],{},[15,128392,52162],{},[30,128394,64574],{}," in the search.",[40,128397,128399],{"className":42,"code":128398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128400,128401,128414,128418,128442,128471,128503],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128402,128403,128405,128407,128409,128412],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128404,34178],{"class":55},[49,128406,60],{"class":59},[49,128408,87],{"class":67},[49,128410,128411],{"class":71},"one two three two",[49,128413,301],{"class":67},[49,128415,128416],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128417,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128419,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128421,123],{"class":122},[49,128423,126],{"class":63},[49,128425,34199],{"class":112},[49,128427,109],{"class":63},[49,128429,127885],{"class":112},[49,128431,126],{"class":63},[49,128433,68],{"class":67},[49,128435,78776],{"class":71},[49,128437,68],{"class":67},[49,128439,5034],{"class":63},[49,128441,128179],{"class":134},[49,128443,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,128445,123],{"class":122},[49,128447,126],{"class":63},[49,128449,34199],{"class":112},[49,128451,109],{"class":63},[49,128453,127885],{"class":112},[49,128455,126],{"class":63},[49,128457,68],{"class":67},[49,128459,78776],{"class":71},[49,128461,68],{"class":67},[49,128463,84],{"class":63},[49,128465,4279],{"class":80},[49,128467,5034],{"class":63},[49,128469,128470],{"class":134},"     # 14\n",[49,128472,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,128474,123],{"class":122},[49,128476,126],{"class":63},[49,128478,34199],{"class":112},[49,128480,109],{"class":63},[49,128482,127885],{"class":112},[49,128484,126],{"class":63},[49,128486,68],{"class":67},[49,128488,78776],{"class":71},[49,128490,68],{"class":67},[49,128492,84],{"class":63},[49,128494,3506],{"class":80},[49,128496,84],{"class":63},[49,128498,5666],{"class":80},[49,128500,5034],{"class":63},[49,128502,50436],{"class":134},[49,128504,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,128506,123],{"class":122},[49,128508,126],{"class":63},[49,128510,34199],{"class":112},[49,128512,109],{"class":63},[49,128514,127885],{"class":112},[49,128516,126],{"class":63},[49,128518,68],{"class":67},[49,128520,78776],{"class":71},[49,128522,68],{"class":67},[49,128524,84],{"class":63},[49,128526,3506],{"class":80},[49,128528,84],{"class":63},[49,128530,2126],{"class":80},[49,128532,5034],{"class":63},[49,128534,128241],{"class":134},[20,128536,128537],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128539,128540,128541,54571,128545,109],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[72,128542,128544],{"href":128543},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[72,128546,128548,128550],{"href":128547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128549,60035],{}," string method",[35,128552,123507],{"id":123506},[20,128554,128555,123318],{},[15,128556,123855],{},[20,128558,126905,128559,1017,128561,128563],{},[15,128560,89923],{},[15,128562,64039],{}," are treated as different text.",[40,128565,128567],{"className":42,"code":128566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128568,128569,128582,128586,128610],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128570,128571,128573,128575,128577,128580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128572,34178],{"class":55},[49,128574,60],{"class":59},[49,128576,87],{"class":67},[49,128578,128579],{"class":71},"Hello World",[49,128581,301],{"class":67},[49,128583,128584],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128585,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128587,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128589,123],{"class":122},[49,128591,126],{"class":63},[49,128593,34199],{"class":112},[49,128595,109],{"class":63},[49,128597,127885],{"class":112},[49,128599,126],{"class":63},[49,128601,68],{"class":67},[49,128603,34358],{"class":71},[49,128605,68],{"class":67},[49,128607,5034],{"class":63},[49,128609,50748],{"class":134},[49,128611,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,128613,123],{"class":122},[49,128615,126],{"class":63},[49,128617,34199],{"class":112},[49,128619,109],{"class":63},[49,128621,127885],{"class":112},[49,128623,126],{"class":63},[49,128625,68],{"class":67},[49,128627,3518],{"class":71},[49,128629,68],{"class":67},[49,128631,5034],{"class":63},[49,128633,128241],{"class":134},[20,128635,128636],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[40,128638,128640],{"className":42,"code":128639,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128641,128642,128654,128658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128643,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128645,34178],{"class":55},[49,128647,60],{"class":59},[49,128649,87],{"class":67},[49,128651,128579],{"class":71},[49,128653,301],{"class":67},[49,128655,128656],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128657,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128659,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128661,123],{"class":122},[49,128663,126],{"class":63},[49,128665,34199],{"class":112},[49,128667,109],{"class":63},[49,128669,8315],{"class":112},[49,128671,8312],{"class":63},[49,128673,127885],{"class":112},[49,128675,126],{"class":63},[49,128677,68],{"class":67},[49,128679,3518],{"class":71},[49,128681,68],{"class":67},[49,128683,5034],{"class":63},[49,128685,50748],{"class":134},[35,128687,128689,10249,128691],{"id":128688},"find-vs-index",[15,128690,123855],{},[15,128692,58471],{},[20,128694,128695,1017,128697,128699],{},[15,128696,123855],{},[15,128698,58471],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[155,128701,128702,128708],{},[158,128703,128704,480,128706],{},[15,128705,123855],{},[15,128707,65359],{},[158,128709,128710,51996,128712],{},[15,128711,58471],{},[15,128713,40200],{},[20,128715,1762,128716,128718],{},[15,128717,123855],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128720,1762,128721,128723],{},[15,128722,58471],{}," when the value must exist.",[40,128725,128727],{"className":42,"code":128726,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128728,128729,128741,128745],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128730,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128732,34178],{"class":55},[49,128734,60],{"class":59},[49,128736,87],{"class":67},[49,128738,3518],{"class":71},[49,128740,301],{"class":67},[49,128742,128743],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128744,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128746,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128748,123],{"class":122},[49,128750,126],{"class":63},[49,128752,34199],{"class":112},[49,128754,109],{"class":63},[49,128756,127885],{"class":112},[49,128758,126],{"class":63},[49,128760,68],{"class":67},[49,128762,504],{"class":71},[49,128764,68],{"class":67},[49,128766,5034],{"class":63},[49,128768,128769],{"class":134},"   # -1\n",[40,128771,128773],{"className":42,"code":128772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128774,128775,128787,128791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128776,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128778,34178],{"class":55},[49,128780,60],{"class":59},[49,128782,87],{"class":67},[49,128784,3518],{"class":71},[49,128786,301],{"class":67},[49,128788,128789],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128790,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128792,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128794,123],{"class":122},[49,128796,126],{"class":63},[49,128798,34199],{"class":112},[49,128800,109],{"class":63},[49,128802,35338],{"class":112},[49,128804,126],{"class":63},[49,128806,68],{"class":67},[49,128808,504],{"class":71},[49,128810,68],{"class":67},[49,128812,5034],{"class":63},[49,128814,128815],{"class":134},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128817,128818,128819,128823,128824,128826,128827,109],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[72,128820,128821,128550],{"href":123880},[15,128822,58471],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128825,58471],{},", read ",[72,128828,25165,128829],{"href":72987},[15,128830,128831],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[35,128833,40542],{"id":40541},[20,128835,34897,128836,128838],{},[15,128837,123855],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[155,128840,128841,128844,128847,128850],{},[158,128842,128843],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[158,128845,128846],{},"Get the position of a word",[158,128848,128849],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[158,128851,128852],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128854,128855],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[40,128857,128859],{"className":42,"code":128858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128860,128861,128874,128897,128901,128916,128932,128951,128965],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128862,128863,128865,128867,128869,128872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128864,34178],{"class":55},[49,128866,60],{"class":59},[49,128868,87],{"class":67},[49,128870,128871],{"class":71},"name:Alice",[49,128873,301],{"class":67},[49,128875,128876,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,128877,128878],{"class":55},"colon_pos ",[49,128880,60],{"class":59},[49,128882,42339],{"class":55},[49,128884,109],{"class":63},[49,128886,127885],{"class":112},[49,128888,126],{"class":63},[49,128890,68],{"class":67},[49,128892,77],{"class":71},[49,128894,68],{"class":67},[49,128896,335],{"class":63},[49,128898,128899],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,128900,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,128902,128903,128905,128908,128910,128912,128914],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,128904,6668],{"class":973},[49,128906,128907],{"class":55}," colon_pos ",[49,128909,72097],{"class":59},[49,128911,1891],{"class":59},[49,128913,2659],{"class":80},[49,128915,6067],{"class":63},[49,128917,128918,128921,128923,128925,128927,128930],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,128919,128920],{"class":55},"    label ",[49,128922,60],{"class":59},[49,128924,42339],{"class":55},[49,128926,75040],{"class":63},[49,128928,128929],{"class":55},"colon_pos",[49,128931,3309],{"class":63},[49,128933,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,128935,26887],{"class":55},[49,128937,60],{"class":59},[49,128939,42339],{"class":55},[49,128941,3573],{"class":63},[49,128943,128878],{"class":55},[49,128945,1728],{"class":59},[49,128947,81],{"class":80},[49,128949,128950],{"class":63},":]\n",[49,128952,128953,128955,128957,128960,128962],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,128954,7742],{"class":122},[49,128956,126],{"class":63},[49,128958,128959],{"class":112},"label",[49,128961,131],{"class":63},[49,128963,128964],{"class":134},"  # name\n",[49,128966,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,128968,7742],{"class":122},[49,128970,126],{"class":63},[49,128972,2142],{"class":112},[49,128974,131],{"class":63},[49,128976,128977],{"class":134},"  # Alice\n",[20,128979,128980,128981,109],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[72,128982,126896],{"href":123115},[35,128984,1376],{"id":1375},[20,128986,128987,128988,77],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128989,123855],{},[155,128991,128992,129001,129007,129012,129018],{},[158,128993,1392,128994,8130,128996,2548,128998,129000],{},[15,128995,123855],{},[15,128997,3276],{},[15,128999,3348],{}," instead of an index",[158,129002,129003,129004,129006],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129005,65359],{}," when the substring is missing",[158,129008,8092,129009,129011],{},[15,129010,123855],{}," without handling case differences",[158,129013,36698,129014,8379,129016],{},[15,129015,123855],{},[15,129017,58471],{},[158,129019,4253,129020,129022],{},[15,129021,123855],{}," changes the string",[20,129024,129025],{},"Example of a mistake:",[40,129027,129029],{"className":42,"code":129028,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129030,129031,129043,129047,129067,129082,129088],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129032,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129034,34178],{"class":55},[49,129036,60],{"class":59},[49,129038,87],{"class":67},[49,129040,3518],{"class":71},[49,129042,301],{"class":67},[49,129044,129045],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,129046,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,129048,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063,129065],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,129050,6668],{"class":973},[49,129052,42339],{"class":55},[49,129054,109],{"class":63},[49,129056,127885],{"class":112},[49,129058,126],{"class":63},[49,129060,68],{"class":67},[49,129062,59942],{"class":71},[49,129064,68],{"class":67},[49,129066,8016],{"class":63},[49,129068,129069,129071,129073,129075,129078,129080],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,129070,7742],{"class":122},[49,129072,126],{"class":63},[49,129074,68],{"class":67},[49,129076,129077],{"class":71},"Found",[49,129079,68],{"class":67},[49,129081,335],{"class":63},[49,129083,129084,129086],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,129085,26920],{"class":973},[49,129087,6067],{"class":63},[49,129089,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,129091,7742],{"class":122},[49,129093,126],{"class":63},[49,129095,68],{"class":67},[49,129097,25801],{"class":71},[49,129099,68],{"class":67},[49,129101,335],{"class":63},[20,129103,99421],{},[40,129105,129107],{"className":42,"code":129106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Not found\n",[15,129108,129109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129110,129111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129112,129106],{"class":55},[20,129114,45202,129115,129118,129119,16553,129121,129123,129124,129126],{},[15,129116,129117],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129120,1790],{},[15,129122,1790],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129125,6668],{}," statement.",[20,129128,129129],{},"A safer version is:",[40,129131,129133],{"className":42,"code":129132,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129134,129135,129147,129151,129180,129194,129200],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129136,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129138,34178],{"class":55},[49,129140,60],{"class":59},[49,129142,87],{"class":67},[49,129144,3518],{"class":71},[49,129146,301],{"class":67},[49,129148,129149],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,129150,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,129152,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129174,129176,129178],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,129154,6668],{"class":973},[49,129156,42339],{"class":55},[49,129158,109],{"class":63},[49,129160,127885],{"class":112},[49,129162,126],{"class":63},[49,129164,68],{"class":67},[49,129166,59942],{"class":71},[49,129168,68],{"class":67},[49,129170,131],{"class":63},[49,129172,129173],{"class":59}," !=",[49,129175,1891],{"class":59},[49,129177,2659],{"class":80},[49,129179,6067],{"class":63},[49,129181,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,129183,7742],{"class":122},[49,129185,126],{"class":63},[49,129187,68],{"class":67},[49,129189,129077],{"class":71},[49,129191,68],{"class":67},[49,129193,335],{"class":63},[49,129195,129196,129198],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,129197,26920],{"class":973},[49,129199,6067],{"class":63},[49,129201,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,129203,7742],{"class":122},[49,129205,126],{"class":63},[49,129207,68],{"class":67},[49,129209,25801],{"class":71},[49,129211,68],{"class":67},[49,129213,335],{"class":63},[20,129215,129216],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[40,129218,129220],{"className":42,"code":129219,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129221,129222,129244,129258,129284,129298],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129223,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129225,123],{"class":122},[49,129227,126],{"class":63},[49,129229,34199],{"class":112},[49,129231,109],{"class":63},[49,129233,127885],{"class":112},[49,129235,126],{"class":63},[49,129237,397],{"class":67},[49,129239,37886],{"class":71},[49,129241,397],{"class":67},[49,129243,1436],{"class":63},[49,129245,129246,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,129247,123],{"class":122},[49,129249,126],{"class":63},[49,129251,41276],{"class":122},[49,129253,126],{"class":63},[49,129255,34199],{"class":112},[49,129257,1436],{"class":63},[49,129259,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278,129280,129282],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,129261,123],{"class":122},[49,129263,126],{"class":63},[49,129265,34199],{"class":112},[49,129267,109],{"class":63},[49,129269,8315],{"class":112},[49,129271,8312],{"class":63},[49,129273,127885],{"class":112},[49,129275,126],{"class":63},[49,129277,397],{"class":67},[49,129279,37886],{"class":71},[49,129281,397],{"class":67},[49,129283,1436],{"class":63},[49,129285,129286,129288,129290,129292,129294,129296],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,129287,123],{"class":122},[49,129289,126],{"class":63},[49,129291,10824],{"class":122},[49,129293,126],{"class":63},[49,129295,34199],{"class":112},[49,129297,1436],{"class":63},[49,129299,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,129301,123],{"class":122},[49,129303,126],{"class":63},[49,129305,34199],{"class":112},[49,129307,109],{"class":63},[49,129309,127885],{"class":112},[49,129311,126],{"class":63},[49,129313,397],{"class":67},[49,129315,37886],{"class":71},[49,129317,397],{"class":67},[49,129319,84],{"class":63},[49,129321,35544],{"class":112},[49,129323,84],{"class":63},[49,129325,64545],{"class":112},[49,129327,1436],{"class":63},[20,129329,129330],{},"These help you check:",[155,129332,129333,129338,129343,129348,129351],{},[158,129334,129335,129336],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129337,123855],{},[158,129339,129340,129341],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129342,122074],{},[158,129344,129345,129346],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129347,123590],{},[158,129349,129350],{},"The string length",[158,129352,129353,129354,1017,129356,129358],{},"Whether your ",[15,129355,35565],{},[15,129357,52162],{}," values are correct",[35,129360,1498],{"id":1497},[591,129362,129364,129365,129367],{"id":129363},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129366,123855],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129369,1518,129370,109],{},[15,129371,65359],{},[591,129373,1502,129375,129377],{"id":129374},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129376,123855],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129379,129380],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[591,129382,129384,129385,124196],{"id":129383},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129386,123855],{},[20,129388,129389],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[591,129391,1524,129393,1017,129395,69160],{"id":129392},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129394,123855],{},[15,129396,58471],{},[20,129398,129399,480,129401,129403,129404,51996,129406,109],{},[15,129400,123855],{},[15,129402,65359],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129405,58471],{},[15,129407,40200],{},[591,129409,27815,129411,129413],{"id":129410},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129412,123855],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129415,129416,129417,1017,129419,65658],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129418,35565],{},[15,129420,52162],{},[35,129422,1550],{"id":1549},[155,129424,129425,129431,129437,129444,129450,129457,129461,129466],{},[158,129426,129427],{},[72,129428,125860,129429,1571],{"href":123880},[15,129430,58471],{},[158,129432,129433],{},[72,129434,125860,129435,1571],{"href":128547},[15,129436,60035],{},[158,129438,129439],{},[72,129440,125860,129442,1571],{"href":129441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129443,124031],{},[158,129445,129446],{},[72,129447,125860,129448,1571],{"href":127225},[15,129449,127228],{},[158,129451,129452],{},[72,129453,125860,129455,1571],{"href":129454},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129456,125918],{},[158,129458,129459],{},[72,129460,124259],{"href":123115},[158,129462,129463],{},[72,129464,129465],{"href":128543},"How to split a string in Python",[158,129467,129468],{},[72,129469,25608,129470],{"href":72987},[15,129471,128831],{},[1597,129473,129474],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":129476},[129477,129479,129482,129483,129484,129485,129487,129488,129489,129501],{"id":127961,"depth":103,"text":129478},"What find() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":129480},[129481],{"id":16875,"depth":119,"text":16876},{"id":37514,"depth":103,"text":37515},{"id":64911,"depth":103,"text":65694},{"id":123506,"depth":103,"text":123507},{"id":128688,"depth":103,"text":129486},"find() vs index()",{"id":40541,"depth":103,"text":40542},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":129490},[129491,129493,129495,129497,129499],{"id":129363,"depth":119,"text":129492},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129374,"depth":119,"text":129494},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129383,"depth":119,"text":129496},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129392,"depth":119,"text":129498},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129410,"depth":119,"text":129500},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127833,"description":129502},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129509,"title":129510,"body":129511,"description":131437,"extension":1632,"meta":131438,"navigation":312,"path":131439,"seo":131440,"stem":131441,"__hash__":131442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129512,"toc":131405},[129513,129518,129523,129526,129528,129604,129608,129636,129644,129648,129653,129657,129674,129676,129743,129747,129769,129777,129779,129782,129806,129809,129823,129825,129910,129914,129926,129929,129933,129939,129989,129993,130010,130019,130022,130030,130033,130082,130086,130111,130114,130169,130173,130185,130191,130195,130201,130206,130273,130277,130303,130306,130317,130319,130386,130390,130415,130422,130426,130431,130438,130446,130448,130500,130504,130522,130524,130569,130573,130588,130591,130601,130608,130610,130614,130617,130628,130630,130690,130694,130722,130725,130731,130736,130739,130743,130787,130790,130828,130831,130839,130841,130846,130850,130853,130901,130904,130907,130963,130967,130972,130975,131024,131026,131075,131081,131086,131088,131135,131139,131152,131154,131205,131211,131214,131218,131221,131227,131232,131234,131237,131309,131312,131329,131331,131336,131339,131343,131349,131355,131362,131368,131374,131376,131402],[10,129514,122860,129516,18],{"id":129515},"python-string-format-method",[15,129517,125863],{},[20,129519,122865,129520,129522],{},[15,129521,125863],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129524,129525],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[35,129527,38],{"id":37},[40,129529,129531],{"className":42,"code":129530,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129532,129533,129545,129553,129557,129594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129534,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129536,7549],{"class":55},[49,129538,60],{"class":59},[49,129540,87],{"class":67},[49,129542,260],{"class":71},[49,129544,301],{"class":67},[49,129546,129547,129549,129551],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,129548,21112],{"class":55},[49,129550,60],{"class":59},[49,129552,88304],{"class":80},[49,129554,129555],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,129556,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,129558,129559,129561,129563,129565,129568,129570,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,129560,89512],{"class":55},[49,129562,60],{"class":59},[49,129564,87],{"class":67},[49,129566,129567],{"class":71},"My name is ",[49,129569,175],{"class":80},[49,129571,129572],{"class":71}," and I am ",[49,129574,175],{"class":80},[49,129576,121856],{"class":71},[49,129578,68],{"class":67},[49,129580,109],{"class":63},[49,129582,129583],{"class":112},"format",[49,129585,126],{"class":63},[49,129587,251],{"class":112},[49,129589,84],{"class":63},[49,129591,8860],{"class":112},[49,129593,335],{"class":63},[49,129595,129596,129598,129600,129602],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,129597,123],{"class":122},[49,129599,126],{"class":63},[49,129601,89529],{"class":112},[49,129603,335],{"class":63},[20,129605,129606],{},[30,129607,573],{},[40,129609,129611],{"className":42,"code":129610,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129612,129613],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129614,129615,129618,129620,129623,129626,129629,129632,129634],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129616,129617],{"class":55},"My name ",[49,129619,974],{"class":59},[49,129621,129622],{"class":55}," Maya ",[49,129624,129625],{"class":59},"and",[49,129627,129628],{"class":55}," I am ",[49,129630,129631],{"class":80},"12",[49,129633,121889],{"class":55},[49,129635,121892],{"class":63},[20,129637,1762,129638,129640,129641,129643],{},[15,129639,175],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129642,125863],{}," in the same order.",[20,129645,124612,129646,109],{},[72,129647,124615],{"href":50476},[35,129649,12473,129651,12476],{"id":129650},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129652,125863],{},[20,129654,150,129655,153],{},[15,129656,125863],{},[155,129658,129659,129662,129668,129671],{},[158,129660,129661],{},"inserts values into a string",[158,129663,129664,129665,129667],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129666,175],{}," with given values",[158,129669,129670],{},"returns a new string",[158,129672,129673],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129675,1244],{},[40,129677,129679],{"className":42,"code":129678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129680,129681,129695,129718,129722,129733],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129682,129683,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129684,34178],{"class":55},[49,129686,60],{"class":59},[49,129688,87],{"class":67},[49,129690,44400],{"class":71},[49,129692,175],{"class":80},[49,129694,301],{"class":67},[49,129696,129697,129700,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712,129714,129716],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,129698,129699],{"class":55},"new_text ",[49,129701,60],{"class":59},[49,129703,42339],{"class":55},[49,129705,109],{"class":63},[49,129707,129583],{"class":112},[49,129709,126],{"class":63},[49,129711,68],{"class":67},[49,129713,7348],{"class":71},[49,129715,68],{"class":67},[49,129717,335],{"class":63},[49,129719,129720],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,129721,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,129723,129724,129726,129728,129731],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,129725,123],{"class":122},[49,129727,126],{"class":63},[49,129729,129730],{"class":112},"new_text",[49,129732,335],{"class":63},[49,129734,129735,129737,129739,129741],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,129736,123],{"class":122},[49,129738,126],{"class":63},[49,129740,34199],{"class":112},[49,129742,335],{"class":63},[20,129744,129745],{},[30,129746,573],{},[40,129748,129750],{"className":42,"code":129749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129751,129752,129761],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129753,129754,129756,129758],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129755,34358],{"class":55},[49,129757,84],{"class":63},[49,129759,129760],{"class":55}," Sam\n",[49,129762,129763,129765,129767],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,129764,34358],{"class":55},[49,129766,84],{"class":63},[49,129768,450],{"class":63},[20,129770,1954,129771,129773,129774,129776],{},[15,129772,34199],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129775,125863],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[35,129778,189],{"id":188},[20,129780,129781],{},"The general form is:",[40,129783,129785],{"className":42,"code":129784,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129786,129787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129788,129789,129791,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129790,68],{"class":42826},[49,129792,129793],{"class":42830},"text {}",[49,129795,68],{"class":42826},[49,129797,109],{"class":63},[49,129799,129583],{"class":112},[49,129801,126],{"class":63},[49,129803,2142],{"class":112},[49,129805,335],{"class":63},[20,129807,129808],{},"Key idea:",[155,129810,129811,129817,129820],{},[158,129812,129813,129814,129816],{},"each ",[15,129815,175],{}," is a placeholder",[158,129818,129819],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[158,129821,129822],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129824,1244],{},[40,129826,129828],{"className":42,"code":129827,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129829,129830,129843,129857,129861,129899],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129831,129832,129835,129837,129839,129841],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129833,129834],{"class":55},"animal ",[49,129836,60],{"class":59},[49,129838,87],{"class":67},[49,129840,36541],{"class":71},[49,129842,301],{"class":67},[49,129844,129845,129848,129850,129852,129855],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,129846,129847],{"class":55},"sound ",[49,129849,60],{"class":59},[49,129851,87],{"class":67},[49,129853,129854],{"class":71},"meow",[49,129856,301],{"class":67},[49,129858,129859],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,129860,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,129862,129863,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874,129877,129879,129881,129883,129885,129887,129889,129892,129894,129897],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,129864,129865],{"class":55},"sentence ",[49,129867,60],{"class":59},[49,129869,87],{"class":67},[49,129871,150],{"class":71},[49,129873,175],{"class":80},[49,129875,129876],{"class":71}," says ",[49,129878,175],{"class":80},[49,129880,109],{"class":71},[49,129882,68],{"class":67},[49,129884,109],{"class":63},[49,129886,129583],{"class":112},[49,129888,126],{"class":63},[49,129890,129891],{"class":112},"animal",[49,129893,84],{"class":63},[49,129895,129896],{"class":112}," sound",[49,129898,335],{"class":63},[49,129900,129901,129903,129905,129908],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,129902,123],{"class":122},[49,129904,126],{"class":63},[49,129906,129907],{"class":112},"sentence",[49,129909,335],{"class":63},[20,129911,129912],{},[30,129913,573],{},[40,129915,129917],{"className":42,"code":129916,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129918,129919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129920,129921,129924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129922,129923],{"class":55},"The cat says meow",[49,129925,121892],{"class":63},[20,129927,129928],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[35,129930,129932],{"id":129931},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129934,129935,129936,129938],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129937,175],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[40,129940,129942],{"className":42,"code":129941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129943,129944],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129945,129946,129948,129950,129952,129955,129957,129959,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129971,129973,129976,129978,129980,129982,129985,129987],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129947,123],{"class":122},[49,129949,126],{"class":63},[49,129951,68],{"class":67},[49,129953,129954],{"class":71},"I like ",[49,129956,175],{"class":80},[49,129958,1017],{"class":71},[49,129960,175],{"class":80},[49,129962,109],{"class":71},[49,129964,68],{"class":67},[49,129966,109],{"class":63},[49,129968,129583],{"class":112},[49,129970,126],{"class":63},[49,129972,68],{"class":67},[49,129974,129975],{"class":71},"pizza",[49,129977,68],{"class":67},[49,129979,84],{"class":63},[49,129981,87],{"class":67},[49,129983,129984],{"class":71},"pasta",[49,129986,68],{"class":67},[49,129988,1436],{"class":63},[20,129990,129991],{},[30,129992,573],{},[40,129994,129996],{"className":42,"code":129995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129997,129998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129999,130000,130003,130005,130008],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130001,130002],{"class":55},"I like pizza ",[49,130004,129625],{"class":59},[49,130006,130007],{"class":55}," pasta",[49,130009,121892],{"class":63},[20,130011,130012,130013,1017,130016,109],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130014,130015],{},"{0}",[15,130017,130018],{},"{1}",[20,130020,130021],{},"This is helpful when:",[155,130023,130024,130027],{},[158,130025,130026],{},"you want to reuse a value",[158,130028,130029],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130031,130032],{},"Example with reused values:",[40,130034,130036],{"className":42,"code":130035,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130037,130038,130072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130039,130040,130042,130044,130046,130048,130051,130053,130056,130058,130060,130062,130064,130066,130068,130070],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130041,34178],{"class":55},[49,130043,60],{"class":59},[49,130045,87],{"class":67},[49,130047,130015],{"class":80},[49,130049,130050],{"class":71}," is learning Python. ",[49,130052,130015],{"class":80},[49,130054,130055],{"class":71}," likes coding.",[49,130057,68],{"class":67},[49,130059,109],{"class":63},[49,130061,129583],{"class":112},[49,130063,126],{"class":63},[49,130065,68],{"class":67},[49,130067,19365],{"class":71},[49,130069,68],{"class":67},[49,130071,335],{"class":63},[49,130073,130074,130076,130078,130080],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130075,123],{"class":122},[49,130077,126],{"class":63},[49,130079,34199],{"class":112},[49,130081,335],{"class":63},[20,130083,130084],{},[30,130085,573],{},[40,130087,130089],{"className":42,"code":130088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130090,130091],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130092,130093,130096,130098,130101,130103,130106,130109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130094,130095],{"class":55},"Lina ",[49,130097,974],{"class":59},[49,130099,130100],{"class":55}," learning Python",[49,130102,109],{"class":63},[49,130104,130105],{"class":24235}," Lina",[49,130107,130108],{"class":55}," likes coding",[49,130110,121892],{"class":63},[20,130112,130113],{},"Example with changed order:",[40,130115,130117],{"className":42,"code":130116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130118,130119,130159],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130120,130121,130123,130125,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135,130137,130139,130141,130143,130145,130147,130149,130151,130153,130155,130157],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130122,34178],{"class":55},[49,130124,60],{"class":59},[49,130126,87],{"class":67},[49,130128,130018],{"class":80},[49,130130,82831],{"class":71},[49,130132,130015],{"class":80},[49,130134,109],{"class":71},[49,130136,68],{"class":67},[49,130138,109],{"class":63},[49,130140,129583],{"class":112},[49,130142,126],{"class":63},[49,130144,68],{"class":67},[49,130146,6255],{"class":71},[49,130148,68],{"class":67},[49,130150,84],{"class":63},[49,130152,87],{"class":67},[49,130154,78776],{"class":71},[49,130156,68],{"class":67},[49,130158,335],{"class":63},[49,130160,130161,130163,130165,130167],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130162,123],{"class":122},[49,130164,126],{"class":63},[49,130166,34199],{"class":112},[49,130168,335],{"class":63},[20,130170,130171],{},[30,130172,573],{},[40,130174,130176],{"className":42,"code":130175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130177,130178],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130179,130180,130183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130181,130182],{"class":55},"two comes after one",[49,130184,121892],{"class":63},[20,130186,130187,130188,130190],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130189,175],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[35,130192,130194],{"id":130193},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130196,130197,130198,109],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130199,130200],{},"{name}",[20,130202,130203,130204,77],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130205,125863],{},[40,130207,130209],{"className":42,"code":130208,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130210,130211,130263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130212,130213,130215,130217,130219,130221,130223,130226,130229,130231,130233,130235,130237,130239,130241,130243,130245,130247,130249,130251,130253,130255,130257,130259,130261],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130214,34178],{"class":55},[49,130216,60],{"class":59},[49,130218,87],{"class":67},[49,130220,129567],{"class":71},[49,130222,130200],{"class":80},[49,130224,130225],{"class":71}," and I live in ",[49,130227,130228],{"class":80},"{city}",[49,130230,109],{"class":71},[49,130232,68],{"class":67},[49,130234,109],{"class":63},[49,130236,129583],{"class":112},[49,130238,126],{"class":63},[49,130240,251],{"class":8847},[49,130242,60],{"class":59},[49,130244,68],{"class":67},[49,130246,12357],{"class":71},[49,130248,68],{"class":67},[49,130250,84],{"class":63},[49,130252,30873],{"class":8847},[49,130254,60],{"class":59},[49,130256,68],{"class":67},[49,130258,15511],{"class":71},[49,130260,68],{"class":67},[49,130262,335],{"class":63},[49,130264,130265,130267,130269,130271],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130266,123],{"class":122},[49,130268,126],{"class":63},[49,130270,34199],{"class":112},[49,130272,335],{"class":63},[20,130274,130275],{},[30,130276,573],{},[40,130278,130280],{"className":42,"code":130279,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130281,130282],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130283,130284,130286,130288,130291,130293,130296,130298,130301],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130285,129617],{"class":55},[49,130287,974],{"class":59},[49,130289,130290],{"class":55}," Ana ",[49,130292,129625],{"class":59},[49,130294,130295],{"class":55}," I live ",[49,130297,3555],{"class":59},[49,130299,130300],{"class":55}," Lima",[49,130302,121892],{"class":63},[20,130304,130305],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[155,130307,130308,130311,130314],{},[158,130309,130310],{},"they make code easier to read",[158,130312,130313],{},"they help when a string has many values",[158,130315,130316],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130318,1244],{},[40,130320,130322],{"className":42,"code":130321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130323,130324,130376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130325,130326,130329,130331,130333,130336,130339,130342,130345,130347,130349,130351,130353,130355,130357,130359,130362,130364,130366,130369,130371,130374],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130327,130328],{"class":55},"report ",[49,130330,60],{"class":59},[49,130332,87],{"class":67},[49,130334,130335],{"class":71},"Student: ",[49,130337,130338],{"class":80},"{student}",[49,130340,130341],{"class":71},", Score: ",[49,130343,130344],{"class":80},"{score}",[49,130346,68],{"class":67},[49,130348,109],{"class":63},[49,130350,129583],{"class":112},[49,130352,126],{"class":63},[49,130354,13104],{"class":8847},[49,130356,60],{"class":59},[49,130358,68],{"class":67},[49,130360,130361],{"class":71},"Noah",[49,130363,68],{"class":67},[49,130365,84],{"class":63},[49,130367,130368],{"class":8847}," score",[49,130370,60],{"class":59},[49,130372,130373],{"class":80},"95",[49,130375,335],{"class":63},[49,130377,130378,130380,130382,130384],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130379,123],{"class":122},[49,130381,126],{"class":63},[49,130383,127573],{"class":112},[49,130385,335],{"class":63},[20,130387,130388],{},[30,130389,573],{},[40,130391,130393],{"className":42,"code":130392,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130394,130395],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130396,130397,130400,130402,130405,130407,130410,130412],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130398,130399],{"class":55},"Student",[49,130401,77],{"class":63},[49,130403,130404],{"class":55}," Noah",[49,130406,84],{"class":63},[49,130408,130409],{"class":55}," Score",[49,130411,77],{"class":63},[49,130413,130414],{"class":80}," 95\n",[20,130416,130417,130418,109],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[72,130419,3247,130420,3180],{"href":41672},[15,130421,47183],{},[35,130423,130425],{"id":130424},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130427,130428,130430],{},[15,130429,125863],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130432,130433,130434,130437],{},"A common example is ",[15,130435,130436],{},":.2f",", which means:",[155,130439,130440,130443],{},[158,130441,130442],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[158,130444,130445],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130447,1244],{},[40,130449,130451],{"className":42,"code":130450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130452,130453,130461,130490],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130454,130455,130457,130459],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130456,39883],{"class":55},[49,130458,60],{"class":59},[49,130460,48776],{"class":80},[49,130462,130463,130465,130467,130469,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130486,130488],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130464,34178],{"class":55},[49,130466,60],{"class":59},[49,130468,87],{"class":67},[49,130470,130471],{"class":71},"Price: $",[49,130473,8949],{"class":80},[49,130475,130436],{"class":1734},[49,130477,21787],{"class":80},[49,130479,68],{"class":67},[49,130481,109],{"class":63},[49,130483,129583],{"class":112},[49,130485,126],{"class":63},[49,130487,24635],{"class":112},[49,130489,335],{"class":63},[49,130491,130492,130494,130496,130498],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,130493,123],{"class":122},[49,130495,126],{"class":63},[49,130497,34199],{"class":112},[49,130499,335],{"class":63},[20,130501,130502],{},[30,130503,573],{},[40,130505,130507],{"className":42,"code":130506,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130508,130509],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130510,130511,130514,130516,130519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130512,130513],{"class":55},"Price",[49,130515,77],{"class":63},[49,130517,130518],{"class":36861}," $",[49,130520,130521],{"class":80},"3.50\n",[20,130523,51581],{},[40,130525,130527],{"className":42,"code":130526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130528,130529,130539],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130530,130531,130534,130536],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130532,130533],{"class":55},"average ",[49,130535,60],{"class":59},[49,130537,130538],{"class":80}," 91.236\n",[49,130540,130541,130543,130545,130547,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130567],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130542,123],{"class":122},[49,130544,126],{"class":63},[49,130546,68],{"class":67},[49,130548,130549],{"class":71},"Average: ",[49,130551,8949],{"class":80},[49,130553,130436],{"class":1734},[49,130555,21787],{"class":80},[49,130557,68],{"class":67},[49,130559,109],{"class":63},[49,130561,129583],{"class":112},[49,130563,126],{"class":63},[49,130565,130566],{"class":112},"average",[49,130568,1436],{"class":63},[20,130570,130571],{},[30,130572,573],{},[40,130574,130576],{"className":42,"code":130575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130577,130578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130579,130580,130583,130585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130581,130582],{"class":55},"Average",[49,130584,77],{"class":63},[49,130586,130587],{"class":80}," 91.24\n",[20,130589,130590],{},"This is useful for:",[155,130592,130593,130595,130598],{},[158,130594,82589],{},[158,130596,130597],{},"averages",[158,130599,130600],{},"percentages",[20,130602,130603,130604,109],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[72,130605,3247,130606,1971],{"href":45948},[15,130607,45951],{},[35,130609,16900],{"id":16899},[20,130611,130612,92026],{},[15,130613,125863],{},[20,130615,130616],{},"That means you can:",[155,130618,130619,130622,130625],{},[158,130620,130621],{},"save it in a variable",[158,130623,130624],{},"print it directly",[158,130626,130627],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130629,1244],{},[40,130631,130633],{"className":42,"code":130632,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130634,130635,130666,130676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130636,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130662,130664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130638,89512],{"class":55},[49,130640,60],{"class":59},[49,130642,87],{"class":67},[49,130644,44400],{"class":71},[49,130646,175],{"class":80},[49,130648,89353],{"class":71},[49,130650,68],{"class":67},[49,130652,109],{"class":63},[49,130654,129583],{"class":112},[49,130656,126],{"class":63},[49,130658,68],{"class":67},[49,130660,130661],{"class":71},"Chris",[49,130663,68],{"class":67},[49,130665,335],{"class":63},[49,130667,130668,130670,130672,130674],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130669,123],{"class":122},[49,130671,126],{"class":63},[49,130673,89529],{"class":112},[49,130675,335],{"class":63},[49,130677,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686,130688],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,130679,123],{"class":122},[49,130681,126],{"class":63},[49,130683,1429],{"class":1428},[49,130685,126],{"class":63},[49,130687,89529],{"class":112},[49,130689,1436],{"class":63},[20,130691,130692],{},[30,130693,573],{},[40,130695,130697],{"className":42,"code":130696,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130698,130699,130708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130700,130701,130703,130705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130702,34358],{"class":55},[49,130704,84],{"class":63},[49,130706,130707],{"class":55}," Chris!\n",[49,130709,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130711,2962],{"class":59},[49,130713,2965],{"class":1734},[49,130715,406],{"class":67},[49,130717,3114],{"class":71},[49,130719,397],{"class":67},[49,130721,2974],{"class":59},[20,130723,130724],{},"The original string is not changed.",[35,130726,130728,130730],{"id":130727},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130729,125863],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130732,130733,130735],{},[15,130734,125863],{}," is a string method.",[20,130737,130738],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130740,45539,130741,77],{},[15,130742,125863],{},[40,130744,130746],{"className":42,"code":130745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130747,130748,130761],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130749,130750,130752,130754,130756,130759],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130751,7549],{"class":55},[49,130753,60],{"class":59},[49,130755,87],{"class":67},[49,130757,130758],{"class":71},"Rita",[49,130760,301],{"class":67},[49,130762,130763,130765,130767,130769,130771,130773,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130764,123],{"class":122},[49,130766,126],{"class":63},[49,130768,68],{"class":67},[49,130770,44400],{"class":71},[49,130772,175],{"class":80},[49,130774,89353],{"class":71},[49,130776,68],{"class":67},[49,130778,109],{"class":63},[49,130780,129583],{"class":112},[49,130782,126],{"class":63},[49,130784,251],{"class":112},[49,130786,1436],{"class":63},[20,130788,130789],{},"Example with an f-string:",[40,130791,130793],{"className":42,"code":130792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130794,130795,130807],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130796,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130798,7549],{"class":55},[49,130800,60],{"class":59},[49,130802,87],{"class":67},[49,130804,130758],{"class":71},[49,130806,301],{"class":67},[49,130808,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130821,130823,130826],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130810,123],{"class":122},[49,130812,126],{"class":63},[49,130814,21778],{"class":1734},[49,130816,42844],{"class":71},[49,130818,8949],{"class":80},[49,130820,251],{"class":112},[49,130822,21787],{"class":80},[49,130824,130825],{"class":71},"!\"",[49,130827,335],{"class":63},[20,130829,130830],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130832,130833,130834,130836,130837,109],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130835,125863],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[72,130838,89198],{"href":89197},[35,130840,1376],{"id":1375},[20,130842,130843,130844,109],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130845,125863],{},[591,130847,130849],{"id":130848},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130851,130852],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[40,130854,130856],{"className":42,"code":130855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130857,130858,130891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130859,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130861,34178],{"class":55},[49,130863,60],{"class":59},[49,130865,87],{"class":67},[49,130867,44400],{"class":71},[49,130869,175],{"class":80},[49,130871,130872],{"class":80}," {}",[49,130874,89353],{"class":71},[49,130876,68],{"class":67},[49,130878,109],{"class":63},[49,130880,129583],{"class":112},[49,130882,126],{"class":63},[49,130884,68],{"class":67},[49,130886,7348],{"class":71},[49,130888,68],{"class":67},[49,130890,335],{"class":63},[49,130892,130893,130895,130897,130899],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130894,123],{"class":122},[49,130896,126],{"class":63},[49,130898,34199],{"class":112},[49,130900,335],{"class":63},[20,130902,130903],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130905,130906],{},"Fixed version:",[40,130908,130910],{"className":42,"code":130909,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130911,130912,130953],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130913,130914,130916,130918,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930,130932,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942,130944,130946,130949,130951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130915,34178],{"class":55},[49,130917,60],{"class":59},[49,130919,87],{"class":67},[49,130921,44400],{"class":71},[49,130923,175],{"class":80},[49,130925,130872],{"class":80},[49,130927,89353],{"class":71},[49,130929,68],{"class":67},[49,130931,109],{"class":63},[49,130933,129583],{"class":112},[49,130935,126],{"class":63},[49,130937,68],{"class":67},[49,130939,7348],{"class":71},[49,130941,68],{"class":67},[49,130943,84],{"class":63},[49,130945,87],{"class":67},[49,130947,130948],{"class":71},"Lee",[49,130950,68],{"class":67},[49,130952,335],{"class":63},[49,130954,130955,130957,130959,130961],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,130956,123],{"class":122},[49,130958,126],{"class":63},[49,130960,34199],{"class":112},[49,130962,335],{"class":63},[591,130964,130966],{"id":130965},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130968,130969,130970,109],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130971,125863],{},[20,130973,130974],{},"Problem:",[40,130976,130978],{"className":42,"code":130977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130979,130980,131014],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130981,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994,130996,130998,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010,131012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130983,34178],{"class":55},[49,130985,60],{"class":59},[49,130987,87],{"class":67},[49,130989,44400],{"class":71},[49,130991,130200],{"class":80},[49,130993,89353],{"class":71},[49,130995,68],{"class":67},[49,130997,109],{"class":63},[49,130999,129583],{"class":112},[49,131001,126],{"class":63},[49,131003,7658],{"class":8847},[49,131005,60],{"class":59},[49,131007,68],{"class":67},[49,131009,7348],{"class":71},[49,131011,68],{"class":67},[49,131013,335],{"class":63},[49,131015,131016,131018,131020,131022],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131017,123],{"class":122},[49,131019,126],{"class":63},[49,131021,34199],{"class":112},[49,131023,335],{"class":63},[20,131025,130906],{},[40,131027,131029],{"className":42,"code":131028,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131030,131031,131065],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131032,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131034,34178],{"class":55},[49,131036,60],{"class":59},[49,131038,87],{"class":67},[49,131040,44400],{"class":71},[49,131042,130200],{"class":80},[49,131044,89353],{"class":71},[49,131046,68],{"class":67},[49,131048,109],{"class":63},[49,131050,129583],{"class":112},[49,131052,126],{"class":63},[49,131054,251],{"class":8847},[49,131056,60],{"class":59},[49,131058,68],{"class":67},[49,131060,7348],{"class":71},[49,131062,68],{"class":67},[49,131064,335],{"class":63},[49,131066,131067,131069,131071,131073],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131068,123],{"class":122},[49,131070,126],{"class":63},[49,131072,34199],{"class":112},[49,131074,335],{"class":63},[591,131076,1392,131078,131080],{"id":131077},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131079,125863],{}," to change the original string",[20,131082,131083,131085],{},[15,131084,125863],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131087,130974],{},[40,131089,131091],{"className":42,"code":131090,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131092,131093,131107,131125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131094,131095,131097,131099,131101,131103,131105],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131096,34178],{"class":55},[49,131098,60],{"class":59},[49,131100,87],{"class":67},[49,131102,44400],{"class":71},[49,131104,175],{"class":80},[49,131106,301],{"class":67},[49,131108,131109,131111,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131110,34199],{"class":55},[49,131112,109],{"class":63},[49,131114,129583],{"class":112},[49,131116,126],{"class":63},[49,131118,68],{"class":67},[49,131120,7348],{"class":71},[49,131122,68],{"class":67},[49,131124,335],{"class":63},[49,131126,131127,131129,131131,131133],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,131128,123],{"class":122},[49,131130,126],{"class":63},[49,131132,34199],{"class":112},[49,131134,335],{"class":63},[20,131136,131137],{},[30,131138,573],{},[40,131140,131142],{"className":42,"code":131141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131143,131144],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131145,131146,131148,131150],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131147,34358],{"class":55},[49,131149,84],{"class":63},[49,131151,450],{"class":63},[20,131153,130906],{},[40,131155,131157],{"className":42,"code":131156,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131158,131159,131173,131195],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131160,131161,131163,131165,131167,131169,131171],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131162,34178],{"class":55},[49,131164,60],{"class":59},[49,131166,87],{"class":67},[49,131168,44400],{"class":71},[49,131170,175],{"class":80},[49,131172,301],{"class":67},[49,131174,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131176,34178],{"class":55},[49,131178,60],{"class":59},[49,131180,42339],{"class":55},[49,131182,109],{"class":63},[49,131184,129583],{"class":112},[49,131186,126],{"class":63},[49,131188,68],{"class":67},[49,131190,7348],{"class":71},[49,131192,68],{"class":67},[49,131194,335],{"class":63},[49,131196,131197,131199,131201,131203],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,131198,123],{"class":122},[49,131200,126],{"class":63},[49,131202,34199],{"class":112},[49,131204,335],{"class":63},[591,131206,4378,131208,131210],{"id":131207},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131209,125863],{}," returns a new string",[20,131212,131213],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[591,131215,131217],{"id":131216},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131219,131220],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131222,131223,131224,131226],{},"Use simple ",[15,131225,175],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131228,131229,131230,109],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[72,131231,89911],{"href":89910},[35,131233,67400],{"id":67399},[20,131235,131236],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[40,131238,131240],{"className":42,"code":131239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131241,131242,131252,131266,131295],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131243,131244,131246,131248,131250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131245,123],{"class":122},[49,131247,126],{"class":63},[49,131249,34199],{"class":112},[49,131251,335],{"class":63},[49,131253,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262,131264],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131255,123],{"class":122},[49,131257,126],{"class":63},[49,131259,1429],{"class":1428},[49,131261,126],{"class":63},[49,131263,2142],{"class":112},[49,131265,1436],{"class":63},[49,131267,131268,131270,131272,131274,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,131269,123],{"class":122},[49,131271,126],{"class":63},[49,131273,68],{"class":67},[49,131275,131276],{"class":71},"Hello ",[49,131278,175],{"class":80},[49,131280,68],{"class":67},[49,131282,109],{"class":63},[49,131284,129583],{"class":112},[49,131286,126],{"class":63},[49,131288,68],{"class":67},[49,131290,7348],{"class":71},[49,131292,68],{"class":67},[49,131294,1436],{"class":63},[49,131296,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,131298,31641],{"class":122},[49,131300,126],{"class":63},[49,131302,3114],{"class":1428},[49,131304,109],{"class":63},[49,131306,129583],{"class":24235},[49,131308,335],{"class":63},[20,131310,131311],{},"Use them to check:",[155,131313,131314,131317,131320,131323],{},[158,131315,131316],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[158,131318,131319],{},"what type your value has",[158,131321,131322],{},"whether a small test example works",[158,131324,131325,131326],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131327,131328],{},"str.format",[35,131330,1498],{"id":1497},[591,131332,129364,131334,1515],{"id":131333},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131335,125863],{},[20,131337,131338],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[591,131340,131342],{"id":131341},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131344,131345,131346,131348],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131347,175],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[591,131350,131352,131353,1529],{"id":131351},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131354,125863],{},[20,131356,131357,131358,131361],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131359,131360],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[591,131363,14382,131365,131367],{"id":131364},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131366,125863],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131369,131370,131371,131373],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131372,125863],{}," is still useful and common.",[35,131375,1550],{"id":1549},[155,131377,131378,131382,131386,131392,131398],{},[158,131379,131380],{},[72,131381,124615],{"href":50476},[158,131383,131384],{},[72,131385,90188],{"href":89197},[158,131387,131388],{},[72,131389,3247,131390,3180],{"href":45948},[15,131391,45951],{},[158,131393,131394],{},[72,131395,3247,131396,3180],{"href":41672},[15,131397,47183],{},[158,131399,131400],{},[72,131401,89911],{"href":89910},[1597,131403,131404],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":131406},[131407,131408,131410,131411,131412,131413,131414,131415,131417,131426,131427,131436],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":129650,"depth":103,"text":131409},"What the format() method does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":129931,"depth":103,"text":129932},{"id":130193,"depth":103,"text":130194},{"id":130424,"depth":103,"text":130425},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":130727,"depth":103,"text":131416},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":131418},[131419,131420,131421,131423,131425],{"id":130848,"depth":119,"text":130849},{"id":130965,"depth":119,"text":130966},{"id":131077,"depth":119,"text":131422},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131207,"depth":119,"text":131424},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131216,"depth":119,"text":131217},{"id":67399,"depth":103,"text":67400},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":131428},[131429,131431,131432,131434],{"id":131333,"depth":119,"text":131430},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131341,"depth":119,"text":131342},{"id":131351,"depth":119,"text":131433},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131364,"depth":119,"text":131435},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129510,"description":131437},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131444,"title":131445,"body":131446,"description":132926,"extension":1632,"meta":132927,"navigation":312,"path":132928,"seo":132929,"stem":132930,"__hash__":132931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131447,"toc":132898},[131448,131453,131458,131463,131465,131527,131534,131540,131545,131547,131563,131565,131636,131638,131652,131655,131705,131707,131709,131736,131739,131754,131757,131798,131801,131846,131853,131902,131904,131912,131914,131932,131934,132027,132035,132076,132081,132088,132094,132101,132104,132108,132209,132211,132233,132237,132290,132293,132296,132302,132309,132311,132350,132352,132370,132380,132387,132470,132473,132480,132487,132494,132498,132506,132552,132556,132565,132630,132635,132640,132651,132653,132658,132685,132687,132790,132793,132813,132815,132820,132823,132827,132831,132838,132847,132853,132856,132862,132864,132866,132895],[10,131449,122860,131451,18],{"id":131450},"python-string-index-method",[15,131452,58471],{},[20,131454,122865,131455,131457],{},[15,131456,58471],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131459,131460,131461,109],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131462,40200],{},[35,131464,38],{"id":37},[40,131466,131468],{"className":42,"code":131467,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131469,131470,131482,131504,131514,131518,131522],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131471,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131473,34178],{"class":55},[49,131475,60],{"class":59},[49,131477,87],{"class":67},[49,131479,59910],{"class":71},[49,131481,301],{"class":67},[49,131483,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131485,64424],{"class":55},[49,131487,60],{"class":59},[49,131489,42339],{"class":55},[49,131491,109],{"class":63},[49,131493,35338],{"class":112},[49,131495,126],{"class":63},[49,131497,68],{"class":67},[49,131499,60095],{"class":71},[49,131501,68],{"class":67},[49,131503,335],{"class":63},[49,131505,131506,131508,131510,131512],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,131507,123],{"class":122},[49,131509,126],{"class":63},[49,131511,64451],{"class":112},[49,131513,335],{"class":63},[49,131515,131516],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,131517,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,131519,131520],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,131521,90329],{"class":134},[49,131523,131524],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,131525,131526],{"class":134},"# 6\n",[20,131528,1762,131529,131531,131532,109],{},[15,131530,58471],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131533,40200],{},[35,131535,144,131537,147],{"id":131536},"what-strindex-does",[15,131538,131539],{},"str.index()",[20,131541,131542,131544],{},[15,131543,131539],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131546,12529],{},[155,131548,131549,131552,131555,131558],{},[158,131550,131551],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[158,131553,131554],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[158,131556,131557],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[158,131559,29781,131560,131562],{},[15,131561,40200],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131564,1244],{},[40,131566,131568],{"className":42,"code":131567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131569,131570,131582,131586,131611],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131571,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131573,34178],{"class":55},[49,131575,60],{"class":59},[49,131577,87],{"class":67},[49,131579,3760],{"class":71},[49,131581,301],{"class":67},[49,131583,131584],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131585,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,131587,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,131589,123],{"class":122},[49,131591,126],{"class":63},[49,131593,34199],{"class":112},[49,131595,109],{"class":63},[49,131597,35338],{"class":112},[49,131599,126],{"class":63},[49,131601,68],{"class":67},[49,131603,72],{"class":71},[49,131605,68],{"class":67},[49,131607,5034],{"class":63},[49,131609,131610],{"class":134},"     # 1\n",[49,131612,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,131614,123],{"class":122},[49,131616,126],{"class":63},[49,131618,34199],{"class":112},[49,131620,109],{"class":63},[49,131622,35338],{"class":112},[49,131624,126],{"class":63},[49,131626,68],{"class":67},[49,131628,122953],{"class":71},[49,131630,68],{"class":67},[49,131632,5034],{"class":63},[49,131634,131635],{"class":134},"    # 2\n",[20,131637,1197],{},[155,131639,131640,131646],{},[158,131641,131642,128073,131644],{},[15,131643,17578],{},[15,131645,2659],{},[158,131647,131648,128073,131650],{},[15,131649,128072],{},[15,131651,1725],{},[20,131653,131654],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[40,131656,131658],{"className":42,"code":131657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131659,131660,131672,131676,131700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131661,131662,131664,131666,131668,131670],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131663,34178],{"class":55},[49,131665,60],{"class":59},[49,131667,87],{"class":67},[49,131669,34358],{"class":71},[49,131671,301],{"class":67},[49,131673,131674],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131675,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,131677,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,131679,123],{"class":122},[49,131681,126],{"class":63},[49,131683,34199],{"class":112},[49,131685,109],{"class":63},[49,131687,35338],{"class":112},[49,131689,126],{"class":63},[49,131691,68],{"class":67},[49,131693,50692],{"class":71},[49,131695,68],{"class":67},[49,131697,5034],{"class":63},[49,131699,20251],{"class":134},[49,131701,131702],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,131703,131704],{"class":134},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[35,131706,189],{"id":188},[20,131708,1830],{},[40,131710,131712],{"className":42,"code":131711,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131713,131714],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131715,131716,131718,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131717,60678],{"class":55},[49,131719,109],{"class":63},[49,131721,35338],{"class":112},[49,131723,126],{"class":63},[49,131725,2142],{"class":112},[49,131727,84],{"class":63},[49,131729,35544],{"class":112},[49,131731,84],{"class":63},[49,131733,64545],{"class":112},[49,131735,335],{"class":63},[20,131737,131738],{},"Parameters:",[155,131740,131741,131745,131749],{},[158,131742,131743,123052],{},[15,131744,2142],{},[158,131746,131747,128119],{},[15,131748,35565],{},[158,131750,131751,131753],{},[15,131752,52162],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131755,131756],{},"You can use just the value:",[40,131758,131760],{"className":42,"code":131759,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131761,131762,131774],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131763,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131765,34178],{"class":55},[49,131767,60],{"class":59},[49,131769,87],{"class":67},[49,131771,44],{"class":71},[49,131773,301],{"class":67},[49,131775,131776,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131777,123],{"class":122},[49,131779,126],{"class":63},[49,131781,34199],{"class":112},[49,131783,109],{"class":63},[49,131785,35338],{"class":112},[49,131787,126],{"class":63},[49,131789,68],{"class":67},[49,131791,62791],{"class":71},[49,131793,68],{"class":67},[49,131795,5034],{"class":63},[49,131797,50916],{"class":134},[20,131799,131800],{},"Or include a start position:",[40,131802,131804],{"className":42,"code":131803,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131805,131806,131818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131807,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131809,34178],{"class":55},[49,131811,60],{"class":59},[49,131813,87],{"class":67},[49,131815,3760],{"class":71},[49,131817,301],{"class":67},[49,131819,131820,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830,131832,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842,131844],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131821,123],{"class":122},[49,131823,126],{"class":63},[49,131825,34199],{"class":112},[49,131827,109],{"class":63},[49,131829,35338],{"class":112},[49,131831,126],{"class":63},[49,131833,68],{"class":67},[49,131835,72],{"class":71},[49,131837,68],{"class":67},[49,131839,84],{"class":63},[49,131841,97],{"class":80},[49,131843,5034],{"class":63},[49,131845,50271],{"class":134},[20,131847,131848,131849,1017,131851,77],{},"Or include both ",[15,131850,35565],{},[15,131852,52162],{},[40,131854,131856],{"className":42,"code":131855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131857,131858,131870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131859,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131861,34178],{"class":55},[49,131863,60],{"class":59},[49,131865,87],{"class":67},[49,131867,3760],{"class":71},[49,131869,301],{"class":67},[49,131871,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898,131900],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131873,123],{"class":122},[49,131875,126],{"class":63},[49,131877,34199],{"class":112},[49,131879,109],{"class":63},[49,131881,35338],{"class":112},[49,131883,126],{"class":63},[49,131885,68],{"class":67},[49,131887,72],{"class":71},[49,131889,68],{"class":67},[49,131891,84],{"class":63},[49,131893,97],{"class":80},[49,131895,84],{"class":63},[49,131897,4279],{"class":80},[49,131899,5034],{"class":63},[49,131901,50271],{"class":134},[35,131903,37515],{"id":37514},[20,131905,28195,131906,131908,131909,109],{},[15,131907,58471],{}," is a ",[30,131910,131911],{},"zero-based index",[20,131913,1777],{},[155,131915,131916,131922,131927],{},[158,131917,131918,131919,131921],{},"Index ",[15,131920,1790],{}," is the first character",[158,131923,131918,131924,131926],{},[15,131925,2659],{}," is the second character",[158,131928,131918,131929,131931],{},[15,131930,1725],{}," is the third character",[20,131933,1244],{},[40,131935,131937],{"className":42,"code":131936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131938,131939,131951,131955,131979,132003],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131940,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131942,34178],{"class":55},[49,131944,60],{"class":59},[49,131946,87],{"class":67},[49,131948,36541],{"class":71},[49,131950,301],{"class":67},[49,131952,131953],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,131954,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,131956,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,131958,123],{"class":122},[49,131960,126],{"class":63},[49,131962,34199],{"class":112},[49,131964,109],{"class":63},[49,131966,35338],{"class":112},[49,131968,126],{"class":63},[49,131970,68],{"class":67},[49,131972,9406],{"class":71},[49,131974,68],{"class":67},[49,131976,5034],{"class":63},[49,131978,50748],{"class":134},[49,131980,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,131982,123],{"class":122},[49,131984,126],{"class":63},[49,131986,34199],{"class":112},[49,131988,109],{"class":63},[49,131990,35338],{"class":112},[49,131992,126],{"class":63},[49,131994,68],{"class":67},[49,131996,72],{"class":71},[49,131998,68],{"class":67},[49,132000,5034],{"class":63},[49,132002,27266],{"class":134},[49,132004,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,132006,123],{"class":122},[49,132008,126],{"class":63},[49,132010,34199],{"class":112},[49,132012,109],{"class":63},[49,132014,35338],{"class":112},[49,132016,126],{"class":63},[49,132018,68],{"class":67},[49,132020,62791],{"class":71},[49,132022,68],{"class":67},[49,132024,5034],{"class":63},[49,132026,50916],{"class":134},[20,132028,132029,132031,132032,132034],{},[15,132030,58471],{}," returns only the ",[30,132033,29396],{}," matching position.",[40,132036,132038],{"className":42,"code":132037,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132039,132040,132052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132041,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132043,34178],{"class":55},[49,132045,60],{"class":59},[49,132047,87],{"class":67},[49,132049,3760],{"class":71},[49,132051,301],{"class":67},[49,132053,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,132055,123],{"class":122},[49,132057,126],{"class":63},[49,132059,34199],{"class":112},[49,132061,109],{"class":63},[49,132063,35338],{"class":112},[49,132065,126],{"class":63},[49,132067,68],{"class":67},[49,132069,72],{"class":71},[49,132071,68],{"class":67},[49,132073,5034],{"class":63},[49,132075,27266],{"class":134},[20,132077,20461,132078,132080],{},[15,132079,17578],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132082,132083,132084,109],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[72,132085,132086,1571],{"href":124310},[15,132087,58093],{},[35,132089,8092,132090,1017,132092],{"id":64911},[15,132091,35565],{},[15,132093,52162],{},[20,132095,150,132096,1017,132098,132100],{},[15,132097,35565],{},[15,132099,52162],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132102,132103],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132105,45539,132106,77],{},[15,132107,35565],{},[40,132109,132111],{"className":42,"code":132110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132112,132113,132125,132129,132153,132181],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132114,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132116,34178],{"class":55},[49,132118,60],{"class":59},[49,132120,87],{"class":67},[49,132122,3760],{"class":71},[49,132124,301],{"class":67},[49,132126,132127],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,132128,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,132130,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,132132,123],{"class":122},[49,132134,126],{"class":63},[49,132136,34199],{"class":112},[49,132138,109],{"class":63},[49,132140,35338],{"class":112},[49,132142,126],{"class":63},[49,132144,68],{"class":67},[49,132146,72],{"class":71},[49,132148,68],{"class":67},[49,132150,5034],{"class":63},[49,132152,50621],{"class":134},[49,132154,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175,132177,132179],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,132156,123],{"class":122},[49,132158,126],{"class":63},[49,132160,34199],{"class":112},[49,132162,109],{"class":63},[49,132164,35338],{"class":112},[49,132166,126],{"class":63},[49,132168,68],{"class":67},[49,132170,72],{"class":71},[49,132172,68],{"class":67},[49,132174,84],{"class":63},[49,132176,97],{"class":80},[49,132178,5034],{"class":63},[49,132180,50470],{"class":134},[49,132182,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,132184,123],{"class":122},[49,132186,126],{"class":63},[49,132188,34199],{"class":112},[49,132190,109],{"class":63},[49,132192,35338],{"class":112},[49,132194,126],{"class":63},[49,132196,68],{"class":67},[49,132198,72],{"class":71},[49,132200,68],{"class":67},[49,132202,84],{"class":63},[49,132204,2126],{"class":80},[49,132206,5034],{"class":63},[49,132208,50254],{"class":134},[20,132210,19440],{},[155,132212,132213,132220,132226],{},[158,132214,132215,132216,65101,132218],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132217,17578],{},[15,132219,2659],{},[158,132221,132222,132223,132225],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132224,1725],{}," skips that first match",[158,132227,132222,132228,132230,132231],{},[15,132229,2174],{}," finds the last ",[15,132232,17578],{},[20,132234,45539,132235,77],{},[15,132236,52162],{},[40,132238,132240],{"className":42,"code":132239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132241,132242,132254,132258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132243,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132245,34178],{"class":55},[49,132247,60],{"class":59},[49,132249,87],{"class":67},[49,132251,3760],{"class":71},[49,132253,301],{"class":67},[49,132255,132256],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,132257,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,132259,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,132261,123],{"class":122},[49,132263,126],{"class":63},[49,132265,34199],{"class":112},[49,132267,109],{"class":63},[49,132269,35338],{"class":112},[49,132271,126],{"class":63},[49,132273,68],{"class":67},[49,132275,75535],{"class":71},[49,132277,68],{"class":67},[49,132279,84],{"class":63},[49,132281,3506],{"class":80},[49,132283,84],{"class":63},[49,132285,2126],{"class":80},[49,132287,5034],{"class":63},[49,132289,50916],{"class":134},[20,132291,132292],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132294,132295],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[35,132297,43711,132299,132301],{"id":132298},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132300,58471],{}," causes an error",[20,132303,132304,132305,51996,132307,109],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132306,58471],{},[15,132308,40200],{},[20,132310,1244],{},[40,132312,132314],{"className":42,"code":132313,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132315,132316,132328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132317,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132319,34178],{"class":55},[49,132321,60],{"class":59},[49,132323,87],{"class":67},[49,132325,3518],{"class":71},[49,132327,301],{"class":67},[49,132329,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,132331,123],{"class":122},[49,132333,126],{"class":63},[49,132335,34199],{"class":112},[49,132337,109],{"class":63},[49,132339,35338],{"class":112},[49,132341,126],{"class":63},[49,132343,68],{"class":67},[49,132345,21561],{"class":71},[49,132347,68],{"class":67},[49,132349,1436],{"class":63},[20,132351,573],{},[40,132353,132355],{"className":42,"code":132354,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132356,132357],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132358,132359,132361,132363,132366,132368],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132360,40200],{"class":1428},[49,132362,77],{"class":63},[49,132364,132365],{"class":55}," substring ",[49,132367,600],{"class":59},[49,132369,65334],{"class":55},[20,132371,52843,132372,125826,132377,132379],{},[72,132373,132374],{"href":129504},[15,132375,132376],{},"str.find()",[15,132378,65359],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132381,132382,132383,1017,132385,77],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132384,29291],{},[15,132386,29322],{},[40,132388,132390],{"className":42,"code":132389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132391,132392,132404,132408,132414,132437,132447,132455],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132393,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132395,34178],{"class":55},[49,132397,60],{"class":59},[49,132399,87],{"class":67},[49,132401,3518],{"class":71},[49,132403,301],{"class":67},[49,132405,132406],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,132407,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,132409,132410,132412],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,132411,29291],{"class":973},[49,132413,6067],{"class":63},[49,132415,132416,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,132417,132418],{"class":55},"    position ",[49,132420,60],{"class":59},[49,132422,42339],{"class":55},[49,132424,109],{"class":63},[49,132426,35338],{"class":112},[49,132428,126],{"class":63},[49,132430,68],{"class":67},[49,132432,21561],{"class":71},[49,132434,68],{"class":67},[49,132436,335],{"class":63},[49,132438,132439,132441,132443,132445],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,132440,7742],{"class":122},[49,132442,126],{"class":63},[49,132444,64451],{"class":112},[49,132446,335],{"class":63},[49,132448,132449,132451,132453],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,132450,29322],{"class":973},[49,132452,41423],{"class":1428},[49,132454,6067],{"class":63},[49,132456,132457,132459,132461,132463,132466,132468],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,132458,7742],{"class":122},[49,132460,126],{"class":63},[49,132462,68],{"class":67},[49,132464,132465],{"class":71},"Substring not found",[49,132467,68],{"class":67},[49,132469,335],{"class":63},[20,132471,132472],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132474,41443,132475,109],{},[72,132476,25165,132478],{"href":132477},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132479,128831],{},[35,132481,132483,10249,132485],{"id":132482},"index-vs-find",[15,132484,58471],{},[15,132486,123855],{},[20,132488,132489,1017,132491,132493],{},[15,132490,58471],{},[15,132492,123855],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[591,132495,132496],{"id":35338},[15,132497,58471],{},[155,132499,132500,132503],{},[158,132501,132502],{},"Returns the first match position",[158,132504,132505],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[40,132507,132509],{"className":42,"code":132508,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132510,132511,132523,132547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132512,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132514,34178],{"class":55},[49,132516,60],{"class":59},[49,132518,87],{"class":67},[49,132520,3518],{"class":71},[49,132522,301],{"class":67},[49,132524,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,132526,123],{"class":122},[49,132528,126],{"class":63},[49,132530,34199],{"class":112},[49,132532,109],{"class":63},[49,132534,35338],{"class":112},[49,132536,126],{"class":63},[49,132538,68],{"class":67},[49,132540,59951],{"class":71},[49,132542,68],{"class":67},[49,132544,5034],{"class":63},[49,132546,27266],{"class":134},[49,132548,132549],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,132550,132551],{"class":134},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[591,132553,132554],{"id":127885},[15,132555,123855],{},[155,132557,132558,132560],{},[158,132559,132502],{},[158,132561,166,132562,132564],{},[15,132563,65359],{}," if nothing is found",[40,132566,132568],{"className":42,"code":132567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132569,132570,132582,132606],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132571,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132573,34178],{"class":55},[49,132575,60],{"class":59},[49,132577,87],{"class":67},[49,132579,3518],{"class":71},[49,132581,301],{"class":67},[49,132583,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,132585,123],{"class":122},[49,132587,126],{"class":63},[49,132589,34199],{"class":112},[49,132591,109],{"class":63},[49,132593,127885],{"class":112},[49,132595,126],{"class":63},[49,132597,68],{"class":67},[49,132599,59951],{"class":71},[49,132601,68],{"class":67},[49,132603,5034],{"class":63},[49,132605,27266],{"class":134},[49,132607,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,132609,123],{"class":122},[49,132611,126],{"class":63},[49,132613,34199],{"class":112},[49,132615,109],{"class":63},[49,132617,127885],{"class":112},[49,132619,126],{"class":63},[49,132621,68],{"class":67},[49,132623,21561],{"class":71},[49,132625,68],{"class":67},[49,132627,5034],{"class":63},[49,132629,128241],{"class":134},[20,132631,1762,132632,132634],{},[15,132633,58471],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132636,1762,132637,132639],{},[15,132638,123855],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132641,132642,132643,2548,132648,109],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[72,132644,132645,132647],{"href":129504},[15,132646,132376],{}," method reference",[72,132649,126896],{"href":132650},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[35,132652,1376],{"id":1375},[20,132654,132655,132656,77],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132657,58471],{},[155,132659,132660,132663,132670,132675,132680],{},[158,132661,132662],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[158,132664,1392,132665,8130,132667,132669],{},[15,132666,58471],{},[15,132668,65359],{}," when no match exists",[158,132671,8092,132672,132674],{},[15,132673,58471],{}," on a value that may not be present",[158,132676,132677,132678],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132679,2659],{},[158,132681,4253,132682,132684],{},[15,132683,58471],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132686,61799],{},[40,132688,132690],{"className":42,"code":132689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132691,132692,132702,132716,132738,132760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132693,132694,132696,132698,132700],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132695,123],{"class":122},[49,132697,126],{"class":63},[49,132699,34199],{"class":112},[49,132701,335],{"class":63},[49,132703,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,132705,123],{"class":122},[49,132707,126],{"class":63},[49,132709,41276],{"class":122},[49,132711,126],{"class":63},[49,132713,34199],{"class":112},[49,132715,1436],{"class":63},[49,132717,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,132719,123],{"class":122},[49,132721,126],{"class":63},[49,132723,34199],{"class":112},[49,132725,109],{"class":63},[49,132727,35338],{"class":112},[49,132729,126],{"class":63},[49,132731,68],{"class":67},[49,132733,2142],{"class":71},[49,132735,68],{"class":67},[49,132737,1436],{"class":63},[49,132739,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,132741,123],{"class":122},[49,132743,126],{"class":63},[49,132745,34199],{"class":112},[49,132747,109],{"class":63},[49,132749,127885],{"class":112},[49,132751,126],{"class":63},[49,132753,68],{"class":67},[49,132755,2142],{"class":71},[49,132757,68],{"class":67},[49,132759,1436],{"class":63},[49,132761,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,132763,123],{"class":122},[49,132765,126],{"class":63},[49,132767,34199],{"class":112},[49,132769,109],{"class":63},[49,132771,35338],{"class":112},[49,132773,126],{"class":63},[49,132775,68],{"class":67},[49,132777,2142],{"class":71},[49,132779,68],{"class":67},[49,132781,84],{"class":63},[49,132783,35544],{"class":112},[49,132785,84],{"class":63},[49,132787,64545],{"class":112},[49,132789,1436],{"class":63},[20,132791,132792],{},"Tips:",[155,132794,132795,132800,132805,132808],{},[158,132796,1762,132797,132799],{},[15,132798,125782],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[158,132801,1762,132802,132804],{},[15,132803,123855],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[158,132806,132807],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[158,132809,132810,132811],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132812,1790],{},[35,132814,1498],{"id":1497},[591,132816,129364,132818,1515],{"id":132817},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132819,58471],{},[20,132821,132822],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[591,132824,132826],{"id":132825},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132828,76363,132829,109],{},[15,132830,40200],{},[591,132832,1524,132834,1017,132836,1529],{"id":132833},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132835,58471],{},[15,132837,123855],{},[20,132839,132840,132842,132843,480,132845,6301],{},[15,132841,58471],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132844,123855],{},[15,132846,65359],{},[591,132848,4842,132850,132852],{"id":132849},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132851,58471],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132854,132855],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[591,132857,132859,132860,124196],{"id":132858},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132861,58471],{},[20,132863,129389],{},[35,132865,1550],{"id":1549},[155,132867,132868,132874,132878,132883,132889],{},[158,132869,132870],{},[72,132871,132872,1571],{"href":129504},[15,132873,132376],{},[158,132875,132876],{},[72,132877,124259],{"href":132650},[158,132879,132880],{},[72,132881,129465],{"href":132882},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[158,132884,132885],{},[72,132886,132887,1571],{"href":124310},[15,132888,58093],{},[158,132890,132891],{},[72,132892,29835,132893],{"href":132477},[15,132894,128831],{},[1597,132896,132897],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html 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index() causes an error",{"id":132482,"depth":103,"text":132909,"children":132910},"index() vs find()",[132911,132912],{"id":35338,"depth":119,"text":58471},{"id":127885,"depth":119,"text":123855},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":132915},[132916,132918,132919,132921,132923],{"id":132817,"depth":119,"text":132917},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132825,"depth":119,"text":132826},{"id":132833,"depth":119,"text":132920},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132849,"depth":119,"text":132922},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132858,"depth":119,"text":132924},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131445,"description":132926},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132933,"title":132934,"body":132935,"description":135710,"extension":1632,"meta":135711,"navigation":312,"path":135712,"seo":135713,"stem":135714,"__hash__":135715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132936,"toc":135646},[132937,132943,132948,132951,132954,132965,132967,133036,133038,133052,133057,133062,133067,133069,133112,133114,133197,133199,133245,133251,133253,133255,133275,133277,133300,133302,133376,133378,133397,133402,133404,133408,133480,133482,133496,133500,133576,133578,133597,133601,133695,133697,133706,133713,133789,133791,133809,133813,133816,133823,133872,133874,133883,133890,133949,133951,133969,133972,133979,134038,134040,134058,134065,134122,134124,134133,134137,134142,134146,134205,134207,134225,134229,134276,134281,134284,134353,134355,134372,134379,134385,134440,134445,134448,134525,134527,134545,134551,134557,134617,134619,134638,134644,134647,134654,134707,134712,134714,134775,134784,134791,134793,134850,134855,134857,134928,134932,134987,134989,134998,135003,135009,135078,135080,135112,135118,135126,135133,135139,135204,135206,135215,135221,135302,135304,135313,135318,135332,135339,135343,135348,135376,135378,135511,135514,135551,135553,135559,135568,135573,135576,135581,135586,135592,135595,135604,135607,135609,135638,135643],[10,132938,122860,132940,18],{"id":132939},"python-string-join-method",[15,132941,132942],{},"join()",[20,132944,122865,132945,132947],{},[15,132946,132942],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132949,132950],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132952,132953],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[155,132955,132956,132962],{},[158,132957,132958,132959,132961],{},"You call ",[15,132960,132942],{}," on the separator string",[158,132963,132964],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[35,132966,3281],{"id":3280},[40,132968,132970],{"className":42,"code":132969,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132971,132972,133005,133026],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132973,132974,132976,132978,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998,133001,133003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132975,3742],{"class":55},[49,132977,60],{"class":59},[49,132979,3296],{"class":63},[49,132981,68],{"class":67},[49,132983,6968],{"class":71},[49,132985,68],{"class":67},[49,132987,84],{"class":63},[49,132989,87],{"class":67},[49,132991,974],{"class":71},[49,132993,68],{"class":67},[49,132995,84],{"class":63},[49,132997,87],{"class":67},[49,132999,133000],{"class":71},"fun",[49,133002,68],{"class":67},[49,133004,3309],{"class":63},[49,133006,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133020,133022,133024],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133008,534],{"class":55},[49,133010,60],{"class":59},[49,133012,87],{"class":67},[49,133014,87],{"class":67},[49,133016,109],{"class":63},[49,133018,133019],{"class":112},"join",[49,133021,126],{"class":63},[49,133023,3786],{"class":112},[49,133025,335],{"class":63},[49,133027,133028,133030,133032,133034],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,133029,123],{"class":122},[49,133031,126],{"class":63},[49,133033,558],{"class":112},[49,133035,335],{"class":63},[20,133037,573],{},[40,133039,133041],{"className":42,"code":133040,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python is fun\n",[15,133042,133043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133044,133045,133047,133049],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133046,3247],{"class":55},[49,133048,974],{"class":59},[49,133050,133051],{"class":55}," fun\n",[20,133053,1762,133054,133056],{},[15,133055,132942],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[35,133058,144,133060,147],{"id":133059},"what-join-does",[15,133061,132942],{},[20,133063,133064,133066],{},[15,133065,132942],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133068,208],{},[155,133070,133071,133078,133106,133109],{},[158,133072,133073,133074,133077],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133075,133076],{},".join()"," as the separator",[158,133079,133080,133081],{},"Common separators are:\n",[155,133082,133083,133089,133095,133101],{},[158,133084,133085,133088],{},[15,133086,133087],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[158,133090,133091,133094],{},[15,133092,133093],{},"\", \""," for commas",[158,133096,133097,133100],{},[15,133098,133099],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[158,133102,133103,133105],{},[15,133104,5945],{}," for no separator",[158,133107,133108],{},"It returns a new string",[158,133110,133111],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133113,1244],{},[40,133115,133117],{"className":42,"code":133116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133118,133119,133151,133173,133177,133187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133120,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141,133143,133145,133147,133149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133122,3742],{"class":55},[49,133124,60],{"class":59},[49,133126,3296],{"class":63},[49,133128,68],{"class":67},[49,133130,12570],{"class":71},[49,133132,68],{"class":67},[49,133134,84],{"class":63},[49,133136,87],{"class":67},[49,133138,16937],{"class":71},[49,133140,68],{"class":67},[49,133142,84],{"class":63},[49,133144,87],{"class":67},[49,133146,12587],{"class":71},[49,133148,68],{"class":67},[49,133150,3309],{"class":63},[49,133152,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167,133169,133171],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133154,534],{"class":55},[49,133156,60],{"class":59},[49,133158,87],{"class":67},[49,133160,1858],{"class":71},[49,133162,68],{"class":67},[49,133164,109],{"class":63},[49,133166,133019],{"class":112},[49,133168,126],{"class":63},[49,133170,3786],{"class":112},[49,133172,335],{"class":63},[49,133174,133175],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,133176,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,133178,133179,133181,133183,133185],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,133180,123],{"class":122},[49,133182,126],{"class":63},[49,133184,558],{"class":112},[49,133186,335],{"class":63},[49,133188,133189,133191,133193,133195],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,133190,123],{"class":122},[49,133192,126],{"class":63},[49,133194,3786],{"class":112},[49,133196,335],{"class":63},[20,133198,573],{},[40,133200,133202],{"className":42,"code":133201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133203,133204,133217],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133205,133206,133208,133210,133213,133215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133207,12570],{"class":55},[49,133209,84],{"class":63},[49,133211,133212],{"class":55}," green",[49,133214,84],{"class":63},[49,133216,35373],{"class":55},[49,133218,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133220,3573],{"class":63},[49,133222,397],{"class":67},[49,133224,12570],{"class":71},[49,133226,397],{"class":67},[49,133228,84],{"class":63},[49,133230,406],{"class":67},[49,133232,16937],{"class":71},[49,133234,397],{"class":67},[49,133236,84],{"class":63},[49,133238,406],{"class":67},[49,133240,12587],{"class":71},[49,133242,397],{"class":67},[49,133244,3309],{"class":63},[20,133246,133247,133248,133250],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133249,132942],{}," creates a new string.",[35,133252,189],{"id":188},[20,133254,6889],{},[40,133256,133258],{"className":42,"code":133257,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133259,133260],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133261,133262,133265,133267,133269,133271,133273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133263,133264],{"class":55},"separator",[49,133266,109],{"class":63},[49,133268,133019],{"class":112},[49,133270,126],{"class":63},[49,133272,3394],{"class":112},[49,133274,335],{"class":63},[591,133276,48510],{"id":48509},[155,133278,133279,133292,133297],{},[158,133280,133281,133283,133284,1858,133286,1858,133288,1862,133290],{},[15,133282,133264],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133285,133087],{},[15,133287,133093],{},[15,133289,133099],{},[15,133291,5945],{},[158,133293,133294,133296],{},[15,133295,3394],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[158,133298,133299],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133301,1244],{},[40,133303,133305],{"className":42,"code":133304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133306,133307,133339,133362,133366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133308,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133310,4668],{"class":55},[49,133312,60],{"class":59},[49,133314,3296],{"class":63},[49,133316,68],{"class":67},[49,133318,12357],{"class":71},[49,133320,68],{"class":67},[49,133322,84],{"class":63},[49,133324,87],{"class":67},[49,133326,35433],{"class":71},[49,133328,68],{"class":67},[49,133330,84],{"class":63},[49,133332,87],{"class":67},[49,133334,35442],{"class":71},[49,133336,68],{"class":67},[49,133338,3309],{"class":63},[49,133340,133341,133343,133345,133347,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133342,534],{"class":55},[49,133344,60],{"class":59},[49,133346,87],{"class":67},[49,133348,133349],{"class":71}," | ",[49,133351,68],{"class":67},[49,133353,109],{"class":63},[49,133355,133019],{"class":112},[49,133357,126],{"class":63},[49,133359,4712],{"class":112},[49,133361,335],{"class":63},[49,133363,133364],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,133365,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,133367,133368,133370,133372,133374],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,133369,123],{"class":122},[49,133371,126],{"class":63},[49,133373,558],{"class":112},[49,133375,335],{"class":63},[20,133377,573],{},[40,133379,133381],{"className":42,"code":133380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133382,133383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133384,133385,133388,133390,133393,133395],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133386,133387],{"class":55},"Ana ",[49,133389,113367],{"class":59},[49,133391,133392],{"class":55}," Ben ",[49,133394,113367],{"class":59},[49,133396,35514],{"class":55},[20,133398,133399,133400,109],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[72,133401,124615],{"href":50476},[35,133403,121391],{"id":121390},[591,133405,133407],{"id":133406},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[40,133409,133411],{"className":42,"code":133410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133412,133413,133446,133466,133470],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133414,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133442,133444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133416,3742],{"class":55},[49,133418,60],{"class":59},[49,133420,3296],{"class":63},[49,133422,68],{"class":67},[49,133424,6968],{"class":71},[49,133426,68],{"class":67},[49,133428,84],{"class":63},[49,133430,87],{"class":67},[49,133432,974],{"class":71},[49,133434,68],{"class":67},[49,133436,84],{"class":63},[49,133438,87],{"class":67},[49,133440,133441],{"class":71},"easy",[49,133443,68],{"class":67},[49,133445,3309],{"class":63},[49,133447,133448,133450,133452,133454,133456,133458,133460,133462,133464],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133449,534],{"class":55},[49,133451,60],{"class":59},[49,133453,87],{"class":67},[49,133455,87],{"class":67},[49,133457,109],{"class":63},[49,133459,133019],{"class":112},[49,133461,126],{"class":63},[49,133463,3786],{"class":112},[49,133465,335],{"class":63},[49,133467,133468],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,133469,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,133471,133472,133474,133476,133478],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,133473,123],{"class":122},[49,133475,126],{"class":63},[49,133477,558],{"class":112},[49,133479,335],{"class":63},[20,133481,573],{},[40,133483,133485],{"className":42,"code":133484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python is easy\n",[15,133486,133487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133488,133489,133491,133493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133490,3247],{"class":55},[49,133492,974],{"class":59},[49,133494,133495],{"class":55}," easy\n",[591,133497,133499],{"id":133498},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[40,133501,133503],{"className":42,"code":133502,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133504,133505,133540,133562,133566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133506,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133518,133520,133522,133524,133527,133529,133531,133533,133536,133538],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133508,7451],{"class":55},[49,133510,60],{"class":59},[49,133512,3296],{"class":63},[49,133514,68],{"class":67},[49,133516,133517],{"class":71},"apples",[49,133519,68],{"class":67},[49,133521,84],{"class":63},[49,133523,87],{"class":67},[49,133525,133526],{"class":71},"bananas",[49,133528,68],{"class":67},[49,133530,84],{"class":63},[49,133532,87],{"class":67},[49,133534,133535],{"class":71},"oranges",[49,133537,68],{"class":67},[49,133539,3309],{"class":63},[49,133541,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133543,534],{"class":55},[49,133545,60],{"class":59},[49,133547,87],{"class":67},[49,133549,1858],{"class":71},[49,133551,68],{"class":67},[49,133553,109],{"class":63},[49,133555,133019],{"class":112},[49,133557,126],{"class":63},[49,133559,7482],{"class":112},[49,133561,335],{"class":63},[49,133563,133564],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,133565,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,133567,133568,133570,133572,133574],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,133569,123],{"class":122},[49,133571,126],{"class":63},[49,133573,558],{"class":112},[49,133575,335],{"class":63},[20,133577,573],{},[40,133579,133581],{"className":42,"code":133580,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133582,133583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133584,133585,133587,133589,133592,133594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133586,133517],{"class":55},[49,133588,84],{"class":63},[49,133590,133591],{"class":55}," bananas",[49,133593,84],{"class":63},[49,133595,133596],{"class":55}," oranges\n",[591,133598,133600],{"id":133599},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[40,133602,133604],{"className":42,"code":133603,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133605,133606,133663,133681,133685],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133607,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133609,35583],{"class":55},[49,133611,60],{"class":59},[49,133613,3296],{"class":63},[49,133615,68],{"class":67},[49,133617,133618],{"class":71},"P",[49,133620,68],{"class":67},[49,133622,84],{"class":63},[49,133624,87],{"class":67},[49,133626,517],{"class":71},[49,133628,68],{"class":67},[49,133630,84],{"class":63},[49,133632,87],{"class":67},[49,133634,62791],{"class":71},[49,133636,68],{"class":67},[49,133638,84],{"class":63},[49,133640,87],{"class":67},[49,133642,59942],{"class":71},[49,133644,68],{"class":67},[49,133646,84],{"class":63},[49,133648,87],{"class":67},[49,133650,59977],{"class":71},[49,133652,68],{"class":67},[49,133654,84],{"class":63},[49,133656,87],{"class":67},[49,133658,75535],{"class":71},[49,133660,68],{"class":67},[49,133662,3309],{"class":63},[49,133664,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133666,534],{"class":55},[49,133668,60],{"class":59},[49,133670,5799],{"class":67},[49,133672,109],{"class":63},[49,133674,133019],{"class":112},[49,133676,126],{"class":63},[49,133678,35636],{"class":112},[49,133680,335],{"class":63},[49,133682,133683],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,133684,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,133686,133687,133689,133691,133693],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,133688,123],{"class":122},[49,133690,126],{"class":63},[49,133692,558],{"class":112},[49,133694,335],{"class":63},[20,133696,573],{},[40,133698,133700],{"className":42,"code":133699,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python\n",[15,133701,133702],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133703,133704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133705,133699],{"class":55},[591,133707,133709,133710,133712],{"id":133708},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133711,132942],{}," returns the result",[40,133714,133716],{"className":42,"code":133715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133717,133718,133751,133774,133778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133719,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133747,133749],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133721,3742],{"class":55},[49,133723,60],{"class":59},[49,133725,3296],{"class":63},[49,133727,68],{"class":67},[49,133729,6255],{"class":71},[49,133731,68],{"class":67},[49,133733,84],{"class":63},[49,133735,87],{"class":67},[49,133737,78776],{"class":71},[49,133739,68],{"class":67},[49,133741,84],{"class":63},[49,133743,87],{"class":67},[49,133745,133746],{"class":71},"three",[49,133748,68],{"class":67},[49,133750,3309],{"class":63},[49,133752,133753,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133754,133755],{"class":55},"joined_text ",[49,133757,60],{"class":59},[49,133759,87],{"class":67},[49,133761,1690],{"class":71},[49,133763,68],{"class":67},[49,133765,109],{"class":63},[49,133767,133019],{"class":112},[49,133769,126],{"class":63},[49,133771,3786],{"class":112},[49,133773,335],{"class":63},[49,133775,133776],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,133777,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,133779,133780,133782,133784,133787],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,133781,123],{"class":122},[49,133783,126],{"class":63},[49,133785,133786],{"class":112},"joined_text",[49,133788,335],{"class":63},[20,133790,573],{},[40,133792,133794],{"className":42,"code":133793,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"one-two-three\n",[15,133795,133796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133797,133798,133800,133802,133804,133806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133799,6255],{"class":55},[49,133801,1690],{"class":59},[49,133803,78776],{"class":55},[49,133805,1690],{"class":59},[49,133807,133808],{"class":55},"three\n",[35,133810,133812],{"id":133811},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133814,133815],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[591,133817,133819,133822],{"id":133818},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133820,133821],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[40,133824,133826],{"className":42,"code":133825,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133827,133828,133852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133829,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848,133850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133831,3742],{"class":55},[49,133833,60],{"class":59},[49,133835,3296],{"class":63},[49,133837,68],{"class":67},[49,133839,3518],{"class":71},[49,133841,68],{"class":67},[49,133843,84],{"class":63},[49,133845,87],{"class":67},[49,133847,60095],{"class":71},[49,133849,68],{"class":67},[49,133851,3309],{"class":63},[49,133853,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133855,123],{"class":122},[49,133857,126],{"class":63},[49,133859,68],{"class":67},[49,133861,87],{"class":67},[49,133863,109],{"class":63},[49,133865,133019],{"class":112},[49,133867,126],{"class":63},[49,133869,3786],{"class":112},[49,133871,1436],{"class":63},[20,133873,573],{},[40,133875,133877],{"className":42,"code":133876,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\n",[15,133878,133879],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133880,133881],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133882,133876],{"class":55},[591,133884,133886,133889],{"id":133885},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133887,133888],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[40,133891,133893],{"className":42,"code":133892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133894,133895,133927],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133896,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133898,12553],{"class":55},[49,133900,60],{"class":59},[49,133902,3296],{"class":63},[49,133904,68],{"class":67},[49,133906,12570],{"class":71},[49,133908,68],{"class":67},[49,133910,84],{"class":63},[49,133912,87],{"class":67},[49,133914,12587],{"class":71},[49,133916,68],{"class":67},[49,133918,84],{"class":63},[49,133920,87],{"class":67},[49,133922,16937],{"class":71},[49,133924,68],{"class":67},[49,133926,3309],{"class":63},[49,133928,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,133930,123],{"class":122},[49,133932,126],{"class":63},[49,133934,68],{"class":67},[49,133936,1858],{"class":71},[49,133938,68],{"class":67},[49,133940,109],{"class":63},[49,133942,133019],{"class":112},[49,133944,126],{"class":63},[49,133946,16984],{"class":112},[49,133948,1436],{"class":63},[20,133950,573],{},[40,133952,133954],{"className":42,"code":133953,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133955,133956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133957,133958,133960,133962,133965,133967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133959,12570],{"class":55},[49,133961,84],{"class":63},[49,133963,133964],{"class":55}," blue",[49,133966,84],{"class":63},[49,133968,35366],{"class":55},[20,133970,133971],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[591,133973,133975,133978],{"id":133974},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133976,133977],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[40,133980,133982],{"className":42,"code":133981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133983,133984,134016],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133985,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133987,42334],{"class":55},[49,133989,60],{"class":59},[49,133991,3296],{"class":63},[49,133993,68],{"class":67},[49,133995,44],{"class":71},[49,133997,68],{"class":67},[49,133999,84],{"class":63},[49,134001,87],{"class":67},[49,134003,60678],{"class":71},[49,134005,68],{"class":67},[49,134007,84],{"class":63},[49,134009,87],{"class":67},[49,134011,133019],{"class":71},[49,134013,68],{"class":67},[49,134015,3309],{"class":63},[49,134017,134018,134020,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134019,123],{"class":122},[49,134021,126],{"class":63},[49,134023,68],{"class":67},[49,134025,1690],{"class":71},[49,134027,68],{"class":67},[49,134029,109],{"class":63},[49,134031,133019],{"class":112},[49,134033,126],{"class":63},[49,134035,42366],{"class":112},[49,134037,1436],{"class":63},[20,134039,573],{},[40,134041,134043],{"className":42,"code":134042,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"python-string-join\n",[15,134044,134045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134046,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134048,44],{"class":55},[49,134050,1690],{"class":59},[49,134052,60678],{"class":55},[49,134054,1690],{"class":59},[49,134056,134057],{"class":55},"join\n",[591,134059,134061,134064],{"id":134060},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134062,134063],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[40,134066,134068],{"className":42,"code":134067,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134069,134070,134103],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134071,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134099,134101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134073,112439],{"class":55},[49,134075,60],{"class":59},[49,134077,3296],{"class":63},[49,134079,68],{"class":67},[49,134081,21729],{"class":71},[49,134083,68],{"class":67},[49,134085,84],{"class":63},[49,134087,87],{"class":67},[49,134089,30088],{"class":71},[49,134091,68],{"class":67},[49,134093,84],{"class":63},[49,134095,87],{"class":67},[49,134097,134098],{"class":71},"C",[49,134100,68],{"class":67},[49,134102,3309],{"class":63},[49,134104,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134120],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134106,123],{"class":122},[49,134108,126],{"class":63},[49,134110,5945],{"class":67},[49,134112,109],{"class":63},[49,134114,133019],{"class":112},[49,134116,126],{"class":63},[49,134118,134119],{"class":112},"chars",[49,134121,1436],{"class":63},[20,134123,573],{},[40,134125,134127],{"className":42,"code":134126,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ABC\n",[15,134128,134129],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134130,134131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134132,134126],{"class":33943},[35,134134,134136],{"id":134135},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134138,134139,134141],{},[15,134140,132942],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[591,134143,134145],{"id":134144},"this-works","This works",[40,134147,134149],{"className":42,"code":134148,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134150,134151,134183],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134152,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134154,3495],{"class":55},[49,134156,60],{"class":59},[49,134158,3296],{"class":63},[49,134160,68],{"class":67},[49,134162,1999],{"class":71},[49,134164,68],{"class":67},[49,134166,84],{"class":63},[49,134168,87],{"class":67},[49,134170,15234],{"class":71},[49,134172,68],{"class":67},[49,134174,84],{"class":63},[49,134176,87],{"class":67},[49,134178,36335],{"class":71},[49,134180,68],{"class":67},[49,134182,3309],{"class":63},[49,134184,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134186,123],{"class":122},[49,134188,126],{"class":63},[49,134190,68],{"class":67},[49,134192,1858],{"class":71},[49,134194,68],{"class":67},[49,134196,109],{"class":63},[49,134198,133019],{"class":112},[49,134200,126],{"class":63},[49,134202,5031],{"class":112},[49,134204,1436],{"class":63},[20,134206,573],{},[40,134208,134210],{"className":42,"code":134209,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134211,134212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134213,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134215,1999],{"class":80},[49,134217,84],{"class":63},[49,134219,7462],{"class":80},[49,134221,84],{"class":63},[49,134223,134224],{"class":80}," 30\n",[591,134226,134228],{"id":134227},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[40,134230,134232],{"className":42,"code":134231,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134233,134234,134254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134235,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134237,3495],{"class":55},[49,134239,60],{"class":59},[49,134241,3296],{"class":63},[49,134243,2659],{"class":80},[49,134245,84],{"class":63},[49,134247,97],{"class":80},[49,134249,84],{"class":63},[49,134251,2120],{"class":80},[49,134253,3309],{"class":63},[49,134255,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134257,123],{"class":122},[49,134259,126],{"class":63},[49,134261,68],{"class":67},[49,134263,1858],{"class":71},[49,134265,68],{"class":67},[49,134267,109],{"class":63},[49,134269,133019],{"class":112},[49,134271,126],{"class":63},[49,134273,5031],{"class":112},[49,134275,1436],{"class":63},[20,134277,89816,134278,134280],{},[15,134279,2676],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134282,134283],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[40,134285,134287],{"className":42,"code":134286,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134288,134289,134309,134339,134343],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134290,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134292,3495],{"class":55},[49,134294,60],{"class":59},[49,134296,3296],{"class":63},[49,134298,2659],{"class":80},[49,134300,84],{"class":63},[49,134302,97],{"class":80},[49,134304,84],{"class":63},[49,134306,2120],{"class":80},[49,134308,3309],{"class":63},[49,134310,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134312,534],{"class":55},[49,134314,60],{"class":59},[49,134316,87],{"class":67},[49,134318,1858],{"class":71},[49,134320,68],{"class":67},[49,134322,109],{"class":63},[49,134324,133019],{"class":112},[49,134326,126],{"class":63},[49,134328,39355],{"class":122},[49,134330,126],{"class":63},[49,134332,3114],{"class":1428},[49,134334,84],{"class":63},[49,134336,3558],{"class":112},[49,134338,1436],{"class":63},[49,134340,134341],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,134342,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,134344,134345,134347,134349,134351],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,134346,123],{"class":122},[49,134348,126],{"class":63},[49,134350,558],{"class":112},[49,134352,335],{"class":63},[20,134354,573],{},[40,134356,134358],{"className":42,"code":134357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134359,134360],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134361,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134363,2659],{"class":80},[49,134365,84],{"class":63},[49,134367,97],{"class":80},[49,134369,84],{"class":63},[49,134371,2247],{"class":80},[20,134373,134374,134375,109],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[72,134376,3247,134377,3180],{"href":41672},[15,134378,47183],{},[591,134380,134382,134384],{"id":134381},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134383,169],{}," values do not work directly",[40,134386,134388],{"className":42,"code":134387,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134389,134390,134418],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134391,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134393,3495],{"class":55},[49,134395,60],{"class":59},[49,134397,3296],{"class":63},[49,134399,68],{"class":67},[49,134401,3751],{"class":71},[49,134403,68],{"class":67},[49,134405,84],{"class":63},[49,134407,3525],{"class":583},[49,134409,84],{"class":63},[49,134411,87],{"class":67},[49,134413,3760],{"class":71},[49,134415,68],{"class":67},[49,134417,3309],{"class":63},[49,134419,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134421,123],{"class":122},[49,134423,126],{"class":63},[49,134425,68],{"class":67},[49,134427,1858],{"class":71},[49,134429,68],{"class":67},[49,134431,109],{"class":63},[49,134433,133019],{"class":112},[49,134435,126],{"class":63},[49,134437,5031],{"class":112},[49,134439,1436],{"class":63},[20,134441,134442,134443,109],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134444,2676],{},[20,134446,134447],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[40,134449,134451],{"className":42,"code":134450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134452,134453,134481,134511,134515],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134454,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134456,3495],{"class":55},[49,134458,60],{"class":59},[49,134460,3296],{"class":63},[49,134462,68],{"class":67},[49,134464,3751],{"class":71},[49,134466,68],{"class":67},[49,134468,84],{"class":63},[49,134470,3525],{"class":583},[49,134472,84],{"class":63},[49,134474,87],{"class":67},[49,134476,3760],{"class":71},[49,134478,68],{"class":67},[49,134480,3309],{"class":63},[49,134482,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134484,534],{"class":55},[49,134486,60],{"class":59},[49,134488,87],{"class":67},[49,134490,1858],{"class":71},[49,134492,68],{"class":67},[49,134494,109],{"class":63},[49,134496,133019],{"class":112},[49,134498,126],{"class":63},[49,134500,39355],{"class":122},[49,134502,126],{"class":63},[49,134504,3114],{"class":1428},[49,134506,84],{"class":63},[49,134508,3558],{"class":112},[49,134510,1436],{"class":63},[49,134512,134513],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,134514,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,134516,134517,134519,134521,134523],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,134518,123],{"class":122},[49,134520,126],{"class":63},[49,134522,558],{"class":112},[49,134524,335],{"class":63},[20,134526,573],{},[40,134528,134530],{"className":42,"code":134529,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134531,134532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134533,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134535,3751],{"class":55},[49,134537,84],{"class":63},[49,134539,3525],{"class":583},[49,134541,84],{"class":63},[49,134543,134544],{"class":55}," banana\n",[20,134546,134547,134548,134550],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134549,169],{}," values instead of converting them.",[591,134552,134554,134556],{"id":134553},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134555,132942],{}," also works with tuples",[40,134558,134560],{"className":42,"code":134559,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134561,134562,134594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134563,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134565,4668],{"class":55},[49,134567,60],{"class":59},[49,134569,8907],{"class":63},[49,134571,68],{"class":67},[49,134573,7348],{"class":71},[49,134575,68],{"class":67},[49,134577,84],{"class":63},[49,134579,87],{"class":67},[49,134581,130948],{"class":71},[49,134583,68],{"class":67},[49,134585,84],{"class":63},[49,134587,87],{"class":67},[49,134589,7594],{"class":71},[49,134591,68],{"class":67},[49,134593,335],{"class":63},[49,134595,134596,134598,134600,134602,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134597,123],{"class":122},[49,134599,126],{"class":63},[49,134601,68],{"class":67},[49,134603,134604],{"class":71}," \u002F ",[49,134606,68],{"class":67},[49,134608,109],{"class":63},[49,134610,133019],{"class":112},[49,134612,126],{"class":63},[49,134614,4712],{"class":112},[49,134616,1436],{"class":63},[20,134618,573],{},[40,134620,134622],{"className":42,"code":134621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134623,134624],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134625,134626,134629,134631,134634,134636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134627,134628],{"class":55},"Sam ",[49,134630,126752],{"class":59},[49,134632,134633],{"class":55}," Lee ",[49,134635,126752],{"class":59},[49,134637,21818],{"class":55},[35,134639,134641,134642],{"id":134640},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134643,132942],{},[20,134645,134646],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[591,134648,134650,134651,134653],{"id":134649},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134652,2676],{}," because not all items are strings",[40,134655,134657],{"className":42,"code":134656,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134658,134659,134687],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134660,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134662,7451],{"class":55},[49,134664,60],{"class":59},[49,134666,3296],{"class":63},[49,134668,68],{"class":67},[49,134670,72],{"class":71},[49,134672,68],{"class":67},[49,134674,84],{"class":63},[49,134676,97],{"class":80},[49,134678,84],{"class":63},[49,134680,87],{"class":67},[49,134682,9406],{"class":71},[49,134684,68],{"class":67},[49,134686,3309],{"class":63},[49,134688,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134690,123],{"class":122},[49,134692,126],{"class":63},[49,134694,68],{"class":67},[49,134696,87],{"class":67},[49,134698,109],{"class":63},[49,134700,133019],{"class":112},[49,134702,126],{"class":63},[49,134704,7482],{"class":112},[49,134706,1436],{"class":63},[20,134708,48010,134709,134711],{},[15,134710,1725],{}," is an integer.",[20,134713,38757],{},[40,134715,134717],{"className":42,"code":134716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134718,134719,134747],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134720,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134722,7451],{"class":55},[49,134724,60],{"class":59},[49,134726,3296],{"class":63},[49,134728,68],{"class":67},[49,134730,72],{"class":71},[49,134732,68],{"class":67},[49,134734,84],{"class":63},[49,134736,97],{"class":80},[49,134738,84],{"class":63},[49,134740,87],{"class":67},[49,134742,9406],{"class":71},[49,134744,68],{"class":67},[49,134746,3309],{"class":63},[49,134748,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134750,123],{"class":122},[49,134752,126],{"class":63},[49,134754,68],{"class":67},[49,134756,87],{"class":67},[49,134758,109],{"class":63},[49,134760,133019],{"class":112},[49,134762,126],{"class":63},[49,134764,39355],{"class":122},[49,134766,126],{"class":63},[49,134768,3114],{"class":1428},[49,134770,84],{"class":63},[49,134772,5638],{"class":112},[49,134774,2582],{"class":63},[20,134776,134777,134778,109],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[72,134779,25165,134781],{"href":134780},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134782,134783],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[591,134785,134787,134788,134790],{"id":134786},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134789,132942],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134792,4199],{},[40,134794,134796],{"className":42,"code":134795,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134797,134798,134830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134799,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134801,3742],{"class":55},[49,134803,60],{"class":59},[49,134805,3296],{"class":63},[49,134807,68],{"class":67},[49,134809,6968],{"class":71},[49,134811,68],{"class":67},[49,134813,84],{"class":63},[49,134815,87],{"class":67},[49,134817,974],{"class":71},[49,134819,68],{"class":67},[49,134821,84],{"class":63},[49,134823,87],{"class":67},[49,134825,133000],{"class":71},[49,134827,68],{"class":67},[49,134829,3309],{"class":63},[49,134831,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134833,534],{"class":55},[49,134835,60],{"class":59},[49,134837,5841],{"class":55},[49,134839,109],{"class":63},[49,134841,133019],{"class":112},[49,134843,126],{"class":63},[49,134845,68],{"class":67},[49,134847,87],{"class":67},[49,134849,335],{"class":63},[20,134851,134852,134854],{},[15,134853,132942],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134856,10469],{},[40,134858,134860],{"className":42,"code":134859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134861,134862,134894,134914,134918],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134863,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134865,3742],{"class":55},[49,134867,60],{"class":59},[49,134869,3296],{"class":63},[49,134871,68],{"class":67},[49,134873,6968],{"class":71},[49,134875,68],{"class":67},[49,134877,84],{"class":63},[49,134879,87],{"class":67},[49,134881,974],{"class":71},[49,134883,68],{"class":67},[49,134885,84],{"class":63},[49,134887,87],{"class":67},[49,134889,133000],{"class":71},[49,134891,68],{"class":67},[49,134893,3309],{"class":63},[49,134895,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134897,534],{"class":55},[49,134899,60],{"class":59},[49,134901,87],{"class":67},[49,134903,87],{"class":67},[49,134905,109],{"class":63},[49,134907,133019],{"class":112},[49,134909,126],{"class":63},[49,134911,3786],{"class":112},[49,134913,335],{"class":63},[49,134915,134916],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,134917,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,134919,134920,134922,134924,134926],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,134921,123],{"class":122},[49,134923,126],{"class":63},[49,134925,558],{"class":112},[49,134927,335],{"class":63},[591,134929,134931],{"id":134930},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[40,134933,134935],{"className":42,"code":134934,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134936,134937,134969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134938,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134940,3742],{"class":55},[49,134942,60],{"class":59},[49,134944,3296],{"class":63},[49,134946,68],{"class":67},[49,134948,6255],{"class":71},[49,134950,68],{"class":67},[49,134952,84],{"class":63},[49,134954,87],{"class":67},[49,134956,78776],{"class":71},[49,134958,68],{"class":67},[49,134960,84],{"class":63},[49,134962,87],{"class":67},[49,134964,133746],{"class":71},[49,134966,68],{"class":67},[49,134968,3309],{"class":63},[49,134970,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,134972,123],{"class":122},[49,134974,126],{"class":63},[49,134976,5945],{"class":67},[49,134978,109],{"class":63},[49,134980,133019],{"class":112},[49,134982,126],{"class":63},[49,134984,3786],{"class":112},[49,134986,1436],{"class":63},[20,134988,573],{},[40,134990,134992],{"className":42,"code":134991,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"onetwothree\n",[15,134993,134994],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134995,134996],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134997,134991],{"class":55},[20,134999,135000,135001,6301],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135002,133087],{},[591,135004,135006,135007,131210],{"id":135005},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135008,132942],{},[40,135010,135012],{"className":42,"code":135011,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135013,135014,135046,135064,135068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135017,3742],{"class":55},[49,135019,60],{"class":59},[49,135021,3296],{"class":63},[49,135023,68],{"class":67},[49,135025,72],{"class":71},[49,135027,68],{"class":67},[49,135029,84],{"class":63},[49,135031,87],{"class":67},[49,135033,90],{"class":71},[49,135035,68],{"class":67},[49,135037,84],{"class":63},[49,135039,87],{"class":67},[49,135041,9406],{"class":71},[49,135043,68],{"class":67},[49,135045,3309],{"class":63},[49,135047,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,135049,68],{"class":42826},[49,135051,1690],{"class":42830},[49,135053,68],{"class":42826},[49,135055,109],{"class":63},[49,135057,133019],{"class":112},[49,135059,126],{"class":63},[49,135061,3786],{"class":112},[49,135063,335],{"class":63},[49,135065,135066],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,135067,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,135069,135070,135072,135074,135076],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,135071,123],{"class":122},[49,135073,126],{"class":63},[49,135075,3786],{"class":112},[49,135077,335],{"class":63},[20,135079,573],{},[40,135081,135082],{"className":42,"code":42373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,135083,135084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135085,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135087,3573],{"class":63},[49,135089,397],{"class":67},[49,135091,72],{"class":71},[49,135093,397],{"class":67},[49,135095,84],{"class":63},[49,135097,406],{"class":67},[49,135099,90],{"class":71},[49,135101,397],{"class":67},[49,135103,84],{"class":63},[49,135105,406],{"class":67},[49,135107,9406],{"class":71},[49,135109,397],{"class":67},[49,135111,3309],{"class":63},[20,135113,135114,135115,135117],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135116,132942],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[35,135119,135121,135123,135124],{"id":135120},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135122,132942],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135125,1728],{},[20,135127,10254,135128,1017,135130,135132],{},[15,135129,132942],{},[15,135131,1728],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[591,135134,1762,135136,135138],{"id":135135},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135137,1728],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[40,135140,135142],{"className":42,"code":135141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135143,135144,135157,135170,135190,135194],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135145,135146,135149,135151,135153,135155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135147,135148],{"class":55},"first ",[49,135150,60],{"class":59},[49,135152,87],{"class":67},[49,135154,34358],{"class":71},[49,135156,301],{"class":67},[49,135158,135159,135162,135164,135166,135168],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,135160,135161],{"class":55},"second ",[49,135163,60],{"class":59},[49,135165,87],{"class":67},[49,135167,89245],{"class":71},[49,135169,301],{"class":67},[49,135171,135172,135174,135176,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,135173,534],{"class":55},[49,135175,60],{"class":59},[49,135177,135178],{"class":55}," first ",[49,135180,1728],{"class":59},[49,135182,87],{"class":67},[49,135184,87],{"class":67},[49,135186,2123],{"class":59},[49,135188,135189],{"class":55}," second\n",[49,135191,135192],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,135193,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,135195,135196,135198,135200,135202],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,135197,123],{"class":122},[49,135199,126],{"class":63},[49,135201,558],{"class":112},[49,135203,335],{"class":63},[20,135205,573],{},[40,135207,135209],{"className":42,"code":135208,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello World\n",[15,135210,135211],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135212,135213],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135214,135208],{"class":55},[591,135216,1762,135218,135220],{"id":135217},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135219,132942],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[40,135222,135224],{"className":42,"code":135223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135225,135226,135268,135288,135292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135227,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135247,135249,135251,135253,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135229,3742],{"class":55},[49,135231,60],{"class":59},[49,135233,3296],{"class":63},[49,135235,68],{"class":67},[49,135237,6968],{"class":71},[49,135239,68],{"class":67},[49,135241,84],{"class":63},[49,135243,87],{"class":67},[49,135245,135246],{"class":71},"makes",[49,135248,68],{"class":67},[49,135250,84],{"class":63},[49,135252,87],{"class":67},[49,135254,135255],{"class":71},"this",[49,135257,68],{"class":67},[49,135259,84],{"class":63},[49,135261,87],{"class":67},[49,135263,133441],{"class":71},[49,135265,68],{"class":67},[49,135267,3309],{"class":63},[49,135269,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,135271,534],{"class":55},[49,135273,60],{"class":59},[49,135275,87],{"class":67},[49,135277,87],{"class":67},[49,135279,109],{"class":63},[49,135281,133019],{"class":112},[49,135283,126],{"class":63},[49,135285,3786],{"class":112},[49,135287,335],{"class":63},[49,135289,135290],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,135291,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,135293,135294,135296,135298,135300],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,135295,123],{"class":122},[49,135297,126],{"class":63},[49,135299,558],{"class":112},[49,135301,335],{"class":63},[20,135303,573],{},[40,135305,135307],{"className":42,"code":135306,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135308,135309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135310,135311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135312,135306],{"class":55},[20,135314,135315,135317],{},[15,135316,132942],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[155,135319,135320,135323,135326],{},[158,135321,135322],{},"You already have a list of strings",[158,135324,135325],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[158,135327,135328,135329,135331],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135330,1728],{}," operators",[20,135333,135334,135335,109],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[72,135336,135338],{"href":135337},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[35,135340,135342],{"id":135341},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135344,8550,135345,135347],{},[15,135346,132942],{}," is not working, check these first:",[155,135349,135350,135353,135358,135367,135373],{},[158,135351,135352],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[158,135354,135355,135356],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135357,169],{},[158,135359,135360,135361,10754,135364],{},"You may have written ",[15,135362,135363],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135365,135366],{},"string.join(...)",[158,135368,135369,135370,135372],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135371,132942],{}," to change the original iterable",[158,135374,135375],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135377,93885],{},[40,135379,135381],{"className":42,"code":135380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135382,135383,135397,135407,135431,135471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135384,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135386,123],{"class":122},[49,135388,126],{"class":63},[49,135390,1429],{"class":1428},[49,135392,126],{"class":63},[49,135394,7482],{"class":112},[49,135396,1436],{"class":63},[49,135398,135399,135401,135403,135405],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,135400,123],{"class":122},[49,135402,126],{"class":63},[49,135404,7482],{"class":112},[49,135406,335],{"class":63},[49,135408,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423,135425,135427,135429],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,135410,123],{"class":122},[49,135412,2656],{"class":63},[49,135414,1429],{"class":1428},[49,135416,126],{"class":63},[49,135418,22795],{"class":112},[49,135420,131],{"class":63},[49,135422,3549],{"class":973},[49,135424,5633],{"class":112},[49,135426,3555],{"class":973},[49,135428,5638],{"class":112},[49,135430,3561],{"class":63},[49,135432,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,135434,123],{"class":122},[49,135436,126],{"class":63},[49,135438,397],{"class":67},[49,135440,406],{"class":67},[49,135442,109],{"class":63},[49,135444,133019],{"class":112},[49,135446,2656],{"class":63},[49,135448,397],{"class":67},[49,135450,72],{"class":71},[49,135452,397],{"class":67},[49,135454,84],{"class":63},[49,135456,406],{"class":67},[49,135458,90],{"class":71},[49,135460,397],{"class":67},[49,135462,84],{"class":63},[49,135464,406],{"class":67},[49,135466,9406],{"class":71},[49,135468,397],{"class":67},[49,135470,2670],{"class":63},[49,135472,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,135474,123],{"class":122},[49,135476,126],{"class":63},[49,135478,397],{"class":67},[49,135480,1858],{"class":71},[49,135482,397],{"class":67},[49,135484,109],{"class":63},[49,135486,133019],{"class":112},[49,135488,126],{"class":63},[49,135490,39355],{"class":122},[49,135492,126],{"class":63},[49,135494,3114],{"class":1428},[49,135496,84],{"class":63},[49,135498,3296],{"class":63},[49,135500,2659],{"class":80},[49,135502,84],{"class":63},[49,135504,97],{"class":80},[49,135506,84],{"class":63},[49,135508,2120],{"class":80},[49,135510,36759],{"class":63},[20,135512,135513],{},"What these checks do:",[155,135515,135516,135524,135530,135536,135545],{},[158,135517,135518,135521,135522,7770],{},[15,135519,135520],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135523,7482],{},[158,135525,135526,135529],{},[15,135527,135528],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[158,135531,135532,135535],{},[15,135533,135534],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[158,135537,135538,135541,135542,135544],{},[15,135539,135540],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135543,132942],{}," behavior",[158,135546,135547,135550],{},[15,135548,135549],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[35,135552,1498],{"id":1497},[591,135554,1502,135556,135558],{"id":135555},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135557,132942],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135560,135561,135562,135564,135565,109],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135563,132942],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135566,135567],{},"map(str, values)",[591,135569,1502,135571,56666],{"id":135570},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135572,132942],{},[20,135574,135575],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[591,135577,27815,135579,62139],{"id":135578},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135580,132942],{},[20,135582,41649,135583,135585],{},[15,135584,132942],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[591,135587,1512,135589,39456],{"id":135588},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135590,135591],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135593,135594],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[591,135596,135598,135599,135601,135602,1529],{"id":135597},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135600,2676],{}," when using ",[15,135603,132942],{},[20,135605,135606],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[35,135608,1550],{"id":1549},[155,135610,135611,135616,135622,135628,135634],{},[158,135612,135613],{},[72,135614,135615],{"href":135337},"How to join strings in Python",[158,135617,135618],{},[72,135619,125860,135620,1571],{"href":128547},[15,135621,60035],{},[158,135623,135624],{},[72,135625,3247,135626,3180],{"href":41672},[15,135627,47183],{},[158,135629,135630],{},[72,135631,29835,135632],{"href":134780},[15,135633,134783],{},[158,135635,135636],{},[72,135637,124615],{"href":50476},[20,135639,96855,135640,135642],{},[15,135641,132942],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1597,135644,135645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":135647},[135648,135649,135651,135654,135661,135671,135679,135689,135696,135697,135709],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":133059,"depth":103,"text":135650},"What join() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":135652},[135653],{"id":48509,"depth":119,"text":48510},{"id":121390,"depth":103,"text":121391,"children":135655},[135656,135657,135658,135659],{"id":133406,"depth":119,"text":133407},{"id":133498,"depth":119,"text":133499},{"id":133599,"depth":119,"text":133600},{"id":133708,"depth":119,"text":135660},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133811,"depth":103,"text":133812,"children":135662},[135663,135665,135667,135669],{"id":133818,"depth":119,"text":135664},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133885,"depth":119,"text":135666},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133974,"depth":119,"text":135668},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134060,"depth":119,"text":135670},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134135,"depth":103,"text":134136,"children":135672},[135673,135674,135675,135677],{"id":134144,"depth":119,"text":134145},{"id":134227,"depth":119,"text":134228},{"id":134381,"depth":119,"text":135676},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134553,"depth":119,"text":135678},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134640,"depth":103,"text":135680,"children":135681},"Common errors with join()",[135682,135684,135686,135687],{"id":134649,"depth":119,"text":135683},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134786,"depth":119,"text":135685},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134930,"depth":119,"text":134931},{"id":135005,"depth":119,"text":135688},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135120,"depth":103,"text":135690,"children":135691},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135692,135694],{"id":135135,"depth":119,"text":135693},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135217,"depth":119,"text":135695},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135341,"depth":103,"text":135342},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":135698},[135699,135701,135703,135705,135707],{"id":135555,"depth":119,"text":135700},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135570,"depth":119,"text":135702},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135578,"depth":119,"text":135704},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135588,"depth":119,"text":135706},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135597,"depth":119,"text":135708},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132934,"description":135710},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135717,"title":135718,"body":135719,"description":137287,"extension":1632,"meta":137288,"navigation":312,"path":137289,"seo":137290,"stem":137291,"__hash__":137292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135720,"toc":137254},[135721,135726,135731,135733,135747,135792,135799,135804,135809,135811,135827,135836,135838,135840,135855,135857,135867,135869,135931,135933,135936,135997,135999,136015,136017,136030,136033,136080,136082,136088,136091,136094,136154,136162,136248,136252,136257,136259,136273,136276,136361,136364,136422,136433,136488,136490,136497,136503,136509,136553,136556,136603,136605,136607,136614,136616,136647,136650,136652,136683,136687,136690,136692,136732,136734,136777,136783,136788,136790,136817,136822,136825,136874,136878,136881,136956,136967,136970,137027,137034,137040,137048,137053,137060,137067,137085,137087,137141,137149,137151,137156,137159,137165,137171,137176,137179,137185,137191,137198,137206,137208,137251],[10,135722,122860,135724,18],{"id":135723},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135725,123590],{},[20,135727,122865,135728,135730],{},[15,135729,123590],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135732,23572],{},[155,135734,135735,135738,135741,135744],{},[158,135736,135737],{},"convert text to lowercase",[158,135739,135740],{},"compare text without case differences",[158,135742,135743],{},"clean up user input",[158,135745,135746],{},"make simple text matching easier",[40,135748,135750],{"className":42,"code":135749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135751,135752,135765,135779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135753,135754,135756,135758,135760,135763],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135755,34178],{"class":55},[49,135757,60],{"class":59},[49,135759,87],{"class":67},[49,135761,135762],{"class":71},"Hello WORLD",[49,135764,301],{"class":67},[49,135766,135767,135769,135771,135773,135775,135777],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,135768,534],{"class":55},[49,135770,60],{"class":59},[49,135772,42339],{"class":55},[49,135774,109],{"class":63},[49,135776,8315],{"class":112},[49,135778,116],{"class":63},[49,135780,135781,135783,135785,135787,135789],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,135782,123],{"class":122},[49,135784,126],{"class":63},[49,135786,558],{"class":112},[49,135788,131],{"class":63},[49,135790,135791],{"class":134},"  # hello world\n",[20,135793,135794,88468,135796,135798],{},[30,135795,83326],{},[15,135797,123590],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[35,135800,144,135802,147],{"id":135801},"what-lower-does",[15,135803,123590],{},[20,135805,135806,135808],{},[15,135807,123590],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135810,12529],{},[155,135812,135813,135818,135821,135824],{},[158,135814,135815,135817],{},[15,135816,123590],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[158,135819,135820],{},"It works on string objects",[158,135822,135823],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[158,135825,135826],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135828,124612,135829,135833,135834,109],{},[72,135830,135832],{"href":135831},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[72,135835,50477],{"href":50476},[35,135837,189],{"id":188},[20,135839,1830],{},[40,135841,135843],{"className":42,"code":135842,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.lower()\n",[15,135844,135845],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135846,135847,135849,135851,135853],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135848,60678],{"class":55},[49,135850,109],{"class":63},[49,135852,8315],{"class":112},[49,135854,116],{"class":63},[20,135856,43148],{},[155,135858,135859,135861,135864],{},[158,135860,97033],{},[158,135862,135863],{},"You call it directly on a string",[158,135865,135866],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135868,1244],{},[40,135870,135872],{"className":42,"code":135871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135873,135874,135897,135901,135914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135875,135876,135878,135880,135882,135885,135887,135889,135891,135894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135877,123],{"class":122},[49,135879,126],{"class":63},[49,135881,68],{"class":67},[49,135883,135884],{"class":71},"HELLO",[49,135886,68],{"class":67},[49,135888,109],{"class":63},[49,135890,8315],{"class":112},[49,135892,135893],{"class":63},"())",[49,135895,135896],{"class":134},"  # hello\n",[49,135898,135899],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,135900,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,135902,135903,135905,135907,135909,135912],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,135904,7549],{"class":55},[49,135906,60],{"class":59},[49,135908,87],{"class":67},[49,135910,135911],{"class":71},"PyThOn",[49,135913,301],{"class":67},[49,135915,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,135917,123],{"class":122},[49,135919,126],{"class":63},[49,135921,251],{"class":112},[49,135923,109],{"class":63},[49,135925,8315],{"class":112},[49,135927,135893],{"class":63},[49,135929,135930],{"class":134},"  # python\n",[35,135932,225],{"id":224},[20,135934,135935],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[40,135937,135939],{"className":42,"code":135938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135940,135941,135953,135957,135972,135976,135987],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135942,135943,135945,135947,135949,135951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135944,34178],{"class":55},[49,135946,60],{"class":59},[49,135948,87],{"class":67},[49,135950,135762],{"class":71},[49,135952,301],{"class":67},[49,135954,135955],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,135956,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,135958,135959,135962,135964,135966,135968,135970],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,135960,135961],{"class":55},"lower_text ",[49,135963,60],{"class":59},[49,135965,42339],{"class":55},[49,135967,109],{"class":63},[49,135969,8315],{"class":112},[49,135971,116],{"class":63},[49,135973,135974],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,135975,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,135977,135978,135980,135982,135985],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,135979,123],{"class":122},[49,135981,126],{"class":63},[49,135983,135984],{"class":112},"lower_text",[49,135986,335],{"class":63},[49,135988,135989,135991,135993,135995],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,135990,123],{"class":122},[49,135992,126],{"class":63},[49,135994,34199],{"class":112},[49,135996,335],{"class":63},[20,135998,573],{},[40,136000,136002],{"className":42,"code":136001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136003,136004,136008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136005,136006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136007,133876],{"class":55},[49,136009,136010,136012],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136011,131276],{"class":55},[49,136013,136014],{"class":33943},"WORLD\n",[20,136016,24092],{},[155,136018,136019,136024],{},[158,136020,136021,136023],{},[15,136022,123590],{}," returns the lowercase result",[158,136025,136026,136027,136029],{},"the original ",[15,136028,34199],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136031,136032],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[40,136034,136036],{"className":42,"code":136035,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136037,136038,136050,136064,136068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136039,136040,136042,136044,136046,136048],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136041,34178],{"class":55},[49,136043,60],{"class":59},[49,136045,87],{"class":67},[49,136047,135762],{"class":71},[49,136049,301],{"class":67},[49,136051,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136053,34178],{"class":55},[49,136055,60],{"class":59},[49,136057,42339],{"class":55},[49,136059,109],{"class":63},[49,136061,8315],{"class":112},[49,136063,116],{"class":63},[49,136065,136066],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136067,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136069,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136071,123],{"class":122},[49,136073,126],{"class":63},[49,136075,34199],{"class":112},[49,136077,131],{"class":63},[49,136079,135791],{"class":134},[35,136081,16900],{"id":16899},[20,136083,136084,21459,136086,109],{},[15,136085,123590],{},[30,136087,60678],{},[20,136089,136090],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136092,136093],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[40,136095,136097],{"className":42,"code":136096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136098,136099,136113,136117,136140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136100,136101,136104,136106,136108,136111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136102,136103],{"class":55},"answer ",[49,136105,60],{"class":59},[49,136107,87],{"class":67},[49,136109,136110],{"class":71},"YES",[49,136112,301],{"class":67},[49,136114,136115],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136116,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136118,136119,136121,136124,136126,136128,136130,136132,136134,136136,136138],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136120,6668],{"class":973},[49,136122,136123],{"class":55}," answer",[49,136125,109],{"class":63},[49,136127,8315],{"class":112},[49,136129,7037],{"class":63},[49,136131,6082],{"class":59},[49,136133,87],{"class":67},[49,136135,8332],{"class":71},[49,136137,68],{"class":67},[49,136139,6067],{"class":63},[49,136141,136142,136144,136146,136148,136150,136152],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136143,7742],{"class":122},[49,136145,126],{"class":63},[49,136147,68],{"class":67},[49,136149,96342],{"class":71},[49,136151,68],{"class":67},[49,136153,335],{"class":63},[20,136155,136156,136157,77],{},"This is especially useful with ",[72,136158,136159,136160,1971],{"href":7893},"the ",[15,136161,2628],{},[40,136163,136165],{"className":42,"code":136164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136166,136167,136186,136190,136212,136227,136233],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136168,136169,136171,136173,136175,136177,136179,136182,136184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136170,136103],{"class":55},[49,136172,60],{"class":59},[49,136174,7916],{"class":122},[49,136176,126],{"class":63},[49,136178,68],{"class":67},[49,136180,136181],{"class":71},"Type yes or no: ",[49,136183,68],{"class":67},[49,136185,335],{"class":63},[49,136187,136188],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136189,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136191,136192,136194,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204,136206,136208,136210],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136193,6668],{"class":973},[49,136195,136123],{"class":55},[49,136197,109],{"class":63},[49,136199,8315],{"class":112},[49,136201,7037],{"class":63},[49,136203,6082],{"class":59},[49,136205,87],{"class":67},[49,136207,8332],{"class":71},[49,136209,68],{"class":67},[49,136211,6067],{"class":63},[49,136213,136214,136216,136218,136220,136223,136225],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136215,7742],{"class":122},[49,136217,126],{"class":63},[49,136219,68],{"class":67},[49,136221,136222],{"class":71},"You typed yes",[49,136224,68],{"class":67},[49,136226,335],{"class":63},[49,136228,136229,136231],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,136230,26920],{"class":973},[49,136232,6067],{"class":63},[49,136234,136235,136237,136239,136241,136244,136246],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,136236,7742],{"class":122},[49,136238,126],{"class":63},[49,136240,68],{"class":67},[49,136242,136243],{"class":71},"You typed something else",[49,136245,68],{"class":67},[49,136247,335],{"class":63},[35,136249,136251],{"id":136250},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136253,136254,136256],{},[15,136255,123590],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136258,7014],{},[155,136260,136261,136264,136267,136270],{},[158,136262,136263],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[158,136265,136266],{},"Make text matching easier",[158,136268,136269],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[158,136271,136272],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136274,136275],{},"Example: checking user input",[40,136277,136279],{"className":42,"code":136278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136280,136281,136299,136303,136325,136340,136346],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136282,136283,136285,136287,136289,136291,136293,136295,136297],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136284,44457],{"class":55},[49,136286,60],{"class":59},[49,136288,7916],{"class":122},[49,136290,126],{"class":63},[49,136292,68],{"class":67},[49,136294,44468],{"class":71},[49,136296,68],{"class":67},[49,136298,335],{"class":63},[49,136300,136301],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136302,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136304,136305,136307,136309,136311,136313,136315,136317,136319,136321,136323],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136306,6668],{"class":973},[49,136308,35343],{"class":55},[49,136310,109],{"class":63},[49,136312,8315],{"class":112},[49,136314,7037],{"class":63},[49,136316,6082],{"class":59},[49,136318,87],{"class":67},[49,136320,12587],{"class":71},[49,136322,68],{"class":67},[49,136324,6067],{"class":63},[49,136326,136327,136329,136331,136333,136336,136338],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136328,7742],{"class":122},[49,136330,126],{"class":63},[49,136332,68],{"class":67},[49,136334,136335],{"class":71},"Nice choice!",[49,136337,68],{"class":67},[49,136339,335],{"class":63},[49,136341,136342,136344],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,136343,26920],{"class":973},[49,136345,6067],{"class":63},[49,136347,136348,136350,136352,136354,136357,136359],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,136349,7742],{"class":122},[49,136351,126],{"class":63},[49,136353,68],{"class":67},[49,136355,136356],{"class":71},"Got it.",[49,136358,68],{"class":67},[49,136360,335],{"class":63},[20,136362,136363],{},"Example: simple search",[40,136365,136367],{"className":42,"code":136366,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136368,136369,136382,136386,136407],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136370,136371,136373,136375,136377,136380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136372,89512],{"class":55},[49,136374,60],{"class":59},[49,136376,87],{"class":67},[49,136378,136379],{"class":71},"Python Is Fun",[49,136381,301],{"class":67},[49,136383,136384],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136385,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136387,136388,136390,136392,136394,136396,136398,136401,136403,136405],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136389,6668],{"class":973},[49,136391,87],{"class":67},[49,136393,44],{"class":71},[49,136395,68],{"class":67},[49,136397,20657],{"class":59},[49,136399,136400],{"class":55}," message",[49,136402,109],{"class":63},[49,136404,8315],{"class":112},[49,136406,21079],{"class":63},[49,136408,136409,136411,136413,136415,136418,136420],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136410,7742],{"class":122},[49,136412,126],{"class":63},[49,136414,68],{"class":67},[49,136416,136417],{"class":71},"Found it",[49,136419,68],{"class":67},[49,136421,335],{"class":63},[20,136423,136424,136425,136427,136428,77],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136426,123590],{}," is often used with ",[72,136429,136431],{"href":136430},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136432,41150],{},[40,136434,136436],{"className":42,"code":136435,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136437,136438,136451,136470,136474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136439,136440,136442,136444,136446,136449],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136441,7549],{"class":55},[49,136443,60],{"class":59},[49,136445,87],{"class":67},[49,136447,136448],{"class":71},"  ALICE  ",[49,136450,301],{"class":67},[49,136452,136453,136456,136458,136460,136462,136464,136466,136468],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136454,136455],{"class":55},"clean_name ",[49,136457,60],{"class":59},[49,136459,35484],{"class":55},[49,136461,109],{"class":63},[49,136463,8309],{"class":112},[49,136465,8312],{"class":63},[49,136467,8315],{"class":112},[49,136469,116],{"class":63},[49,136471,136472],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136473,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136475,136476,136478,136480,136483,136485],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136477,123],{"class":122},[49,136479,126],{"class":63},[49,136481,136482],{"class":112},"clean_name",[49,136484,131],{"class":63},[49,136486,136487],{"class":134},"  # alice\n",[35,136489,15076],{"id":15075},[20,136491,136492,136493,136496],{},"Strings are ",[30,136494,136495],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136498,136499,136500,136502],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136501,123590],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136504,136505,136506,136508],{},"So this does ",[30,136507,600],{}," update the original variable:",[40,136510,136512],{"className":42,"code":136511,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136513,136514,136526,136536,136540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136515,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136517,34178],{"class":55},[49,136519,60],{"class":59},[49,136521,87],{"class":67},[49,136523,135884],{"class":71},[49,136525,301],{"class":67},[49,136527,136528,136530,136532,136534],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136529,34199],{"class":55},[49,136531,109],{"class":63},[49,136533,8315],{"class":112},[49,136535,116],{"class":63},[49,136537,136538],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136539,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136541,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136543,123],{"class":122},[49,136545,126],{"class":63},[49,136547,34199],{"class":112},[49,136549,131],{"class":63},[49,136551,136552],{"class":134},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136554,136555],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[40,136557,136559],{"className":42,"code":136558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136560,136561,136573,136587,136591],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136562,136563,136565,136567,136569,136571],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136564,34178],{"class":55},[49,136566,60],{"class":59},[49,136568,87],{"class":67},[49,136570,135884],{"class":71},[49,136572,301],{"class":67},[49,136574,136575,136577,136579,136581,136583,136585],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136576,34178],{"class":55},[49,136578,60],{"class":59},[49,136580,42339],{"class":55},[49,136582,109],{"class":63},[49,136584,8315],{"class":112},[49,136586,116],{"class":63},[49,136588,136589],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136590,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136592,136593,136595,136597,136599,136601],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136594,123],{"class":122},[49,136596,126],{"class":63},[49,136598,34199],{"class":112},[49,136600,131],{"class":63},[49,136602,135896],{"class":134},[35,136604,1376],{"id":1375},[591,136606,25173],{"id":25172},[20,136608,136609,136610,10754,136612,109],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136611,8315],{},[15,136613,123590],{},[20,136615,16124],{},[40,136617,136619],{"className":42,"code":136618,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136620,136621,136633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136622,136623,136625,136627,136629,136631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136624,34178],{"class":55},[49,136626,60],{"class":59},[49,136628,87],{"class":67},[49,136630,135884],{"class":71},[49,136632,301],{"class":67},[49,136634,136635,136637,136639,136641,136643,136645],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136636,123],{"class":122},[49,136638,126],{"class":63},[49,136640,34199],{"class":112},[49,136642,109],{"class":63},[49,136644,8315],{"class":24235},[49,136646,335],{"class":63},[20,136648,136649],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136651,16136],{},[40,136653,136655],{"className":42,"code":136654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136656,136657,136669],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136658,136659,136661,136663,136665,136667],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136660,34178],{"class":55},[49,136662,60],{"class":59},[49,136664,87],{"class":67},[49,136666,135884],{"class":71},[49,136668,301],{"class":67},[49,136670,136671,136673,136675,136677,136679,136681],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136672,123],{"class":122},[49,136674,126],{"class":63},[49,136676,34199],{"class":112},[49,136678,109],{"class":63},[49,136680,8315],{"class":112},[49,136682,6865],{"class":63},[591,136684,136686],{"id":136685},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136688,136689],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136691,16124],{},[40,136693,136695],{"className":42,"code":136694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136696,136697,136709,136719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136698,136699,136701,136703,136705,136707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136700,34178],{"class":55},[49,136702,60],{"class":59},[49,136704,87],{"class":67},[49,136706,135884],{"class":71},[49,136708,301],{"class":67},[49,136710,136711,136713,136715,136717],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136712,34199],{"class":55},[49,136714,109],{"class":63},[49,136716,8315],{"class":112},[49,136718,116],{"class":63},[49,136720,136721,136723,136725,136727,136729],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136722,123],{"class":122},[49,136724,126],{"class":63},[49,136726,34199],{"class":112},[49,136728,131],{"class":63},[49,136730,136731],{"class":134},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136733,16136],{},[40,136735,136737],{"className":42,"code":136736,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136738,136739,136751,136765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136740,136741,136743,136745,136747,136749],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136742,34178],{"class":55},[49,136744,60],{"class":59},[49,136746,87],{"class":67},[49,136748,135884],{"class":71},[49,136750,301],{"class":67},[49,136752,136753,136755,136757,136759,136761,136763],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136754,34178],{"class":55},[49,136756,60],{"class":59},[49,136758,42339],{"class":55},[49,136760,109],{"class":63},[49,136762,8315],{"class":112},[49,136764,116],{"class":63},[49,136766,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136768,123],{"class":122},[49,136770,126],{"class":63},[49,136772,34199],{"class":112},[49,136774,131],{"class":63},[49,136776,135896],{"class":134},[591,136778,8092,136780,136782],{"id":136779},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136781,123590],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136784,136785,136787],{},[15,136786,123590],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136789,16124],{},[40,136791,136793],{"className":42,"code":136792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136794,136795,136803],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136796,136797,136799,136801],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136798,1886],{"class":55},[49,136800,60],{"class":59},[49,136802,124542],{"class":80},[49,136804,136805,136807,136809,136811,136813,136815],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136806,123],{"class":122},[49,136808,126],{"class":63},[49,136810,1908],{"class":112},[49,136812,109],{"class":63},[49,136814,8315],{"class":112},[49,136816,6865],{"class":63},[20,136818,136819,136820,33090],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136821,123590],{},[20,136823,136824],{},"You can check the type first:",[40,136826,136828],{"className":42,"code":136827,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136829,136830,136842,136846,136860],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136831,136832,136834,136836,136838,136840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136833,34178],{"class":55},[49,136835,60],{"class":59},[49,136837,87],{"class":67},[49,136839,135884],{"class":71},[49,136841,301],{"class":67},[49,136843,136844],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136845,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136847,136848,136850,136852,136854,136856,136858],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136849,123],{"class":122},[49,136851,126],{"class":63},[49,136853,1429],{"class":1428},[49,136855,126],{"class":63},[49,136857,34199],{"class":112},[49,136859,1436],{"class":63},[49,136861,136862,136864,136866,136868,136870,136872],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136863,123],{"class":122},[49,136865,126],{"class":63},[49,136867,34199],{"class":112},[49,136869,109],{"class":63},[49,136871,8315],{"class":112},[49,136873,6865],{"class":63},[591,136875,136877],{"id":136876},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136879,136880],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[40,136882,136884],{"className":42,"code":136883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136885,136886,136899,136903,136920,136935,136941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136887,136888,136890,136892,136894,136897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136889,136103],{"class":55},[49,136891,60],{"class":59},[49,136893,87],{"class":67},[49,136895,136896],{"class":71},"Yes",[49,136898,301],{"class":67},[49,136900,136901],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136902,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136904,136905,136907,136910,136912,136914,136916,136918],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136906,6668],{"class":973},[49,136908,136909],{"class":55}," answer ",[49,136911,4362],{"class":59},[49,136913,87],{"class":67},[49,136915,8332],{"class":71},[49,136917,68],{"class":67},[49,136919,6067],{"class":63},[49,136921,136922,136924,136926,136928,136931,136933],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,136923,7742],{"class":122},[49,136925,126],{"class":63},[49,136927,68],{"class":67},[49,136929,136930],{"class":71},"Match",[49,136932,68],{"class":67},[49,136934,335],{"class":63},[49,136936,136937,136939],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,136938,26920],{"class":973},[49,136940,6067],{"class":63},[49,136942,136943,136945,136947,136949,136952,136954],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,136944,7742],{"class":122},[49,136946,126],{"class":63},[49,136948,68],{"class":67},[49,136950,136951],{"class":71},"No match",[49,136953,68],{"class":67},[49,136955,335],{"class":63},[20,136957,28548,136958,1017,136961,136964,136965,109],{},[15,136959,136960],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136962,136963],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136966,136951],{},[20,136968,136969],{},"Better:",[40,136971,136973],{"className":42,"code":136972,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136974,136975,136987,136991,137013],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136976,136977,136979,136981,136983,136985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136978,136103],{"class":55},[49,136980,60],{"class":59},[49,136982,87],{"class":67},[49,136984,136896],{"class":71},[49,136986,301],{"class":67},[49,136988,136989],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,136990,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,136992,136993,136995,136997,136999,137001,137003,137005,137007,137009,137011],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,136994,6668],{"class":973},[49,136996,136123],{"class":55},[49,136998,109],{"class":63},[49,137000,8315],{"class":112},[49,137002,7037],{"class":63},[49,137004,6082],{"class":59},[49,137006,87],{"class":67},[49,137008,8332],{"class":71},[49,137010,68],{"class":67},[49,137012,6067],{"class":63},[49,137014,137015,137017,137019,137021,137023,137025],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,137016,7742],{"class":122},[49,137018,126],{"class":63},[49,137020,68],{"class":67},[49,137022,136930],{"class":71},[49,137024,68],{"class":67},[49,137026,335],{"class":63},[591,137028,43711,137030,137033],{"id":137029},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137031,137032],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137035,137036,137037,137039],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137038,123590],{}," is enough.",[20,137041,137042,137043,137045,137046,109],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137044,137032],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137047,123590],{},[20,137049,137050,137051,122102],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137052,123590],{},[35,137054,137056,10249,137058],{"id":137055},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137057,123590],{},[15,137059,127738],{},[20,137061,137062,1017,137064,137066],{},[15,137063,123590],{},[15,137065,127738],{}," are very similar.",[155,137068,137069,137074,137079,137082],{},[158,137070,137071,137073],{},[15,137072,123590],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[158,137075,137076,137078],{},[15,137077,127738],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[158,137080,137081],{},"Both return new strings",[158,137083,137084],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137086,1244],{},[40,137088,137090],{"className":42,"code":137089,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137091,137092,137104,137108,137124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137093,137094,137096,137098,137100,137102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137095,34178],{"class":55},[49,137097,60],{"class":59},[49,137099,87],{"class":67},[49,137101,128579],{"class":71},[49,137103,301],{"class":67},[49,137105,137106],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137107,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,137109,137110,137112,137114,137116,137118,137120,137122],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,137111,123],{"class":122},[49,137113,126],{"class":63},[49,137115,34199],{"class":112},[49,137117,109],{"class":63},[49,137119,8315],{"class":112},[49,137121,135893],{"class":63},[49,137123,135791],{"class":134},[49,137125,137126,137128,137130,137132,137134,137136,137138],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,137127,123],{"class":122},[49,137129,126],{"class":63},[49,137131,34199],{"class":112},[49,137133,109],{"class":63},[49,137135,33968],{"class":112},[49,137137,135893],{"class":63},[49,137139,137140],{"class":134},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137142,137143,137144,109],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[72,137145,125860,137147,1571],{"href":137146},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137148,127738],{},[35,137150,1498],{"id":1497},[591,137152,1502,137154,124187],{"id":137153},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137155,123590],{},[20,137157,137158],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[591,137160,1502,137162,137164],{"id":137161},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137163,123590],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137166,137167,137168,109],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137169,137170],{},"string.lower()",[591,137172,1512,137174,1515],{"id":137173},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137175,123590],{},[20,137177,137178],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[591,137180,27815,137182,137184],{"id":137181},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137183,123590],{}," on user input?",[20,137186,137187,137188,137190],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137189,2628],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[591,137192,1524,137194,1017,137196,1529],{"id":137193},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137195,123590],{},[15,137197,137032],{},[20,137199,137200,137202,137203,137205],{},[15,137201,123590],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137204,137032],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[35,137207,1550],{"id":1549},[155,137209,137210,137214,137220,137226,137232,137236,137240,137246],{},[158,137211,137212],{},[72,137213,50477],{"href":50476},[158,137215,137216],{},[72,137217,125860,137218,1571],{"href":137146},[15,137219,127738],{},[158,137221,137222],{},[72,137223,125860,137224,1571],{"href":136430},[15,137225,41150],{},[158,137227,137228],{},[72,137229,125860,137230,1571],{"href":129441},[15,137231,124031],{},[158,137233,137234],{},[72,137235,124259],{"href":123115},[158,137237,137238],{},[72,137239,90188],{"href":89197},[158,137241,137242],{},[72,137243,3247,137244,3180],{"href":7893},[15,137245,2628],{},[158,137247,137248],{},[72,137249,137250],{"href":135831},"What is a string in Python?",[1597,137252,137253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":137255},[137256,137258,137259,137260,137261,137262,137263,137272,137274,137286],{"id":135801,"depth":103,"text":137257},"What lower() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":136250,"depth":103,"text":136251},{"id":15075,"depth":103,"text":15076},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":137264},[137265,137266,137267,137269,137270],{"id":25172,"depth":119,"text":25173},{"id":136685,"depth":119,"text":136686},{"id":136779,"depth":119,"text":137268},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136876,"depth":119,"text":136877},{"id":137029,"depth":119,"text":137271},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137055,"depth":103,"text":137273},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":137275},[137276,137278,137280,137282,137284],{"id":137153,"depth":119,"text":137277},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137161,"depth":119,"text":137279},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137173,"depth":119,"text":137281},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137181,"depth":119,"text":137283},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137193,"depth":119,"text":137285},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135718,"description":137287},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137294,"title":137295,"body":137296,"description":138846,"extension":1632,"meta":138847,"navigation":312,"path":138848,"seo":138849,"stem":138850,"__hash__":138851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137297,"toc":138807},[137298,137303,137308,137314,137329,137331,137391,137393,137402,137408,137413,137418,137420,137434,137438,137440,137487,137489,137507,137509,137512,137583,137585,137599,137602,137614,137623,137627,137632,137637,137641,137707,137709,137718,137722,137787,137789,137798,137801,137806,137810,137815,137819,137880,137882,137891,137895,137898,137954,137956,137965,137968,137981,137983,137987,137994,138056,138058,138071,138077,138080,138087,138092,138097,138100,138108,138110,138171,138173,138182,138185,138232,138235,138282,138284,138289,138306,138313,138318,138371,138373,138381,138383,138440,138442,138450,138454,138501,138503,138511,138519,138523,138571,138573,138582,138587,138638,138640,138649,138656,138659,138680,138682,138687,138690,138694,138697,138701,138704,138731,138737,138740,138767,138772,138774,138776,138804],[10,137299,122860,137301,18],{"id":137300},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137302,124031],{},[20,137304,122865,137305,137307],{},[15,137306,124031],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137309,137310,137311,137313],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137312,124031],{},". You will learn:",[155,137315,137316,137320,137323,137326],{},[158,137317,25505,137318,147],{},[15,137319,124031],{},[158,137321,137322],{},"how its syntax works",[158,137324,137325],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[158,137327,137328],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[35,137330,38],{"id":37},[40,137332,137334],{"className":42,"code":137333,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137335,137336,137349,137381],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137337,137338,137340,137342,137344,137347],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137339,34178],{"class":55},[49,137341,60],{"class":59},[49,137343,87],{"class":67},[49,137345,137346],{"class":71},"I like cats",[49,137348,301],{"class":67},[49,137350,137351,137353,137355,137357,137359,137361,137363,137365,137368,137370,137372,137374,137377,137379],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137352,129699],{"class":55},[49,137354,60],{"class":59},[49,137356,42339],{"class":55},[49,137358,109],{"class":63},[49,137360,34490],{"class":112},[49,137362,126],{"class":63},[49,137364,68],{"class":67},[49,137366,137367],{"class":71},"cats",[49,137369,68],{"class":67},[49,137371,84],{"class":63},[49,137373,87],{"class":67},[49,137375,137376],{"class":71},"dogs",[49,137378,68],{"class":67},[49,137380,335],{"class":63},[49,137382,137383,137385,137387,137389],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,137384,123],{"class":122},[49,137386,126],{"class":63},[49,137388,129730],{"class":112},[49,137390,335],{"class":63},[20,137392,573],{},[40,137394,137396],{"className":42,"code":137395,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like dogs\n",[15,137397,137398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137399,137400],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137401,137395],{"class":55},[20,137403,1762,137404,137407],{},[15,137405,137406],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[35,137409,144,137411,147],{"id":137410},"what-replace-does",[15,137412,124031],{},[20,137414,137415,137417],{},[15,137416,124031],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137419,12529],{},[155,137421,137422,137424,137426,137429],{},[158,137423,133108],{},[158,137425,135826],{},[158,137427,137428],{},"It works on exact matches",[158,137430,137431,137432],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137433,40756],{},[20,137435,124612,137436,109],{},[72,137437,124615],{"href":50476},[35,137439,5104],{"id":5103},[40,137441,137443],{"className":42,"code":137442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137444,137445,137465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137446,137447,137449,137451,137453,137455,137458,137460,137463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137448,60678],{"class":55},[49,137450,109],{"class":63},[49,137452,34490],{"class":112},[49,137454,126],{"class":63},[49,137456,137457],{"class":112},"old",[49,137459,84],{"class":63},[49,137461,137462],{"class":112}," new",[49,137464,335],{"class":63},[49,137466,137467,137469,137471,137473,137475,137477,137479,137481,137483,137485],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137468,60678],{"class":55},[49,137470,109],{"class":63},[49,137472,34490],{"class":112},[49,137474,126],{"class":63},[49,137476,137457],{"class":112},[49,137478,84],{"class":63},[49,137480,137462],{"class":112},[49,137482,84],{"class":63},[49,137484,49102],{"class":112},[49,137486,335],{"class":63},[591,137488,16876],{"id":16875},[155,137490,137491,137496,137502],{},[158,137492,137493,137495],{},[15,137494,137457],{}," = the text to find",[158,137497,137498,137501],{},[15,137499,137500],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[158,137503,137504,137506],{},[15,137505,40756],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[35,137508,5459],{"id":5458},[20,137510,137511],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[40,137513,137515],{"className":42,"code":137514,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137516,137517,137529,137559,137563,137573],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137518,137519,137521,137523,137525,137527],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137520,34178],{"class":55},[49,137522,60],{"class":59},[49,137524,87],{"class":67},[49,137526,137346],{"class":71},[49,137528,301],{"class":67},[49,137530,137531,137533,137535,137537,137539,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551,137553,137555,137557],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137532,129699],{"class":55},[49,137534,60],{"class":59},[49,137536,42339],{"class":55},[49,137538,109],{"class":63},[49,137540,34490],{"class":112},[49,137542,126],{"class":63},[49,137544,68],{"class":67},[49,137546,137367],{"class":71},[49,137548,68],{"class":67},[49,137550,84],{"class":63},[49,137552,87],{"class":67},[49,137554,137376],{"class":71},[49,137556,68],{"class":67},[49,137558,335],{"class":63},[49,137560,137561],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,137562,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,137564,137565,137567,137569,137571],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,137566,123],{"class":122},[49,137568,126],{"class":63},[49,137570,34199],{"class":112},[49,137572,335],{"class":63},[49,137574,137575,137577,137579,137581],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,137576,123],{"class":122},[49,137578,126],{"class":63},[49,137580,129730],{"class":112},[49,137582,335],{"class":63},[20,137584,573],{},[40,137586,137588],{"className":42,"code":137587,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137589,137590,137595],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137591,137592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137593,137594],{"class":55},"I like cats\n",[49,137596,137597],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137598,137395],{"class":55},[20,137600,137601],{},"Notice what happened:",[155,137603,137604,137609],{},[158,137605,137606,137608],{},[15,137607,34199],{}," did not change",[158,137610,137611,137613],{},[15,137612,129730],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137615,137616,137617,137619,137620,137622],{},"This happens because strings are ",[30,137618,136495],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137621,124031],{}," return a new string instead.",[35,137624,137626],{"id":137625},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137628,89206,137629,137631],{},[15,137630,124031],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137633,137634,137635,36115],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137636,40756],{},[591,137638,137640],{"id":137639},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[40,137642,137644],{"className":42,"code":137643,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137645,137646,137659,137693,137697],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137647,137648,137650,137652,137654,137657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137649,34178],{"class":55},[49,137651,60],{"class":59},[49,137653,87],{"class":67},[49,137655,137656],{"class":71},"cat cat cat",[49,137658,301],{"class":67},[49,137660,137661,137663,137665,137667,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677,137679,137681,137683,137685,137687,137689,137691],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137662,534],{"class":55},[49,137664,60],{"class":59},[49,137666,42339],{"class":55},[49,137668,109],{"class":63},[49,137670,34490],{"class":112},[49,137672,126],{"class":63},[49,137674,68],{"class":67},[49,137676,36541],{"class":71},[49,137678,68],{"class":67},[49,137680,84],{"class":63},[49,137682,87],{"class":67},[49,137684,57630],{"class":71},[49,137686,68],{"class":67},[49,137688,84],{"class":63},[49,137690,81],{"class":80},[49,137692,335],{"class":63},[49,137694,137695],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,137696,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,137698,137699,137701,137703,137705],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,137700,123],{"class":122},[49,137702,126],{"class":63},[49,137704,558],{"class":112},[49,137706,335],{"class":63},[20,137708,573],{},[40,137710,137712],{"className":42,"code":137711,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137713,137714],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137715,137716],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137717,137711],{"class":55},[591,137719,137721],{"id":137720},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[40,137723,137725],{"className":42,"code":137724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137726,137727,137739,137773,137777],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137728,137729,137731,137733,137735,137737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137730,34178],{"class":55},[49,137732,60],{"class":59},[49,137734,87],{"class":67},[49,137736,137656],{"class":71},[49,137738,301],{"class":67},[49,137740,137741,137743,137745,137747,137749,137751,137753,137755,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137771],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137742,534],{"class":55},[49,137744,60],{"class":59},[49,137746,42339],{"class":55},[49,137748,109],{"class":63},[49,137750,34490],{"class":112},[49,137752,126],{"class":63},[49,137754,68],{"class":67},[49,137756,36541],{"class":71},[49,137758,68],{"class":67},[49,137760,84],{"class":63},[49,137762,87],{"class":67},[49,137764,57630],{"class":71},[49,137766,68],{"class":67},[49,137768,84],{"class":63},[49,137770,97],{"class":80},[49,137772,335],{"class":63},[49,137774,137775],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,137776,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,137778,137779,137781,137783,137785],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,137780,123],{"class":122},[49,137782,126],{"class":63},[49,137784,558],{"class":112},[49,137786,335],{"class":63},[20,137788,573],{},[40,137790,137792],{"className":42,"code":137791,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137793,137794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137795,137796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137797,137791],{"class":55},[20,137799,137800],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137802,137803,137804,109],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[72,137805,127584],{"href":124028},[35,137807,137809],{"id":137808},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137811,137812,137814],{},[15,137813,124031],{}," can also change single characters.",[591,137816,137818],{"id":137817},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[40,137820,137822],{"className":42,"code":137821,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137823,137824,137836,137866,137870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137825,137826,137828,137830,137832,137834],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137827,34178],{"class":55},[49,137829,60],{"class":59},[49,137831,87],{"class":67},[49,137833,3760],{"class":71},[49,137835,301],{"class":67},[49,137837,137838,137840,137842,137844,137846,137848,137850,137852,137854,137856,137858,137860,137862,137864],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137839,534],{"class":55},[49,137841,60],{"class":59},[49,137843,42339],{"class":55},[49,137845,109],{"class":63},[49,137847,34490],{"class":112},[49,137849,126],{"class":63},[49,137851,68],{"class":67},[49,137853,72],{"class":71},[49,137855,68],{"class":67},[49,137857,84],{"class":63},[49,137859,87],{"class":67},[49,137861,59977],{"class":71},[49,137863,68],{"class":67},[49,137865,335],{"class":63},[49,137867,137868],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,137869,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,137871,137872,137874,137876,137878],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,137873,123],{"class":122},[49,137875,126],{"class":63},[49,137877,558],{"class":112},[49,137879,335],{"class":63},[20,137881,573],{},[40,137883,137885],{"className":42,"code":137884,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bonono\n",[15,137886,137887],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137888,137889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137890,137884],{"class":55},[591,137892,137894],{"id":137893},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137896,137897],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[40,137899,137901],{"className":42,"code":137900,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137902,137903,137916,137940,137944],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137904,137905,137907,137909,137911,137914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137906,34178],{"class":55},[49,137908,60],{"class":59},[49,137910,87],{"class":67},[49,137912,137913],{"class":71},"a b c",[49,137915,301],{"class":67},[49,137917,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934,137936,137938],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,137919,534],{"class":55},[49,137921,60],{"class":59},[49,137923,42339],{"class":55},[49,137925,109],{"class":63},[49,137927,34490],{"class":112},[49,137929,126],{"class":63},[49,137931,68],{"class":67},[49,137933,87],{"class":67},[49,137935,84],{"class":63},[49,137937,5799],{"class":67},[49,137939,335],{"class":63},[49,137941,137942],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,137943,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,137945,137946,137948,137950,137952],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,137947,123],{"class":122},[49,137949,126],{"class":63},[49,137951,558],{"class":112},[49,137953,335],{"class":63},[20,137955,573],{},[40,137957,137959],{"className":42,"code":137958,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abc\n",[15,137960,137961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137962,137963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137964,137958],{"class":55},[20,137966,137967],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137969,137970,137971,137975,137976,137980],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[72,137972,125860,137973,1571],{"href":128547},[15,137974,60035],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[72,137977,125860,137978,1571],{"href":136430},[15,137979,41150],{}," is often a better choice.",[35,137982,123507],{"id":123506},[20,137984,137985,123318],{},[15,137986,124031],{},[20,137988,126905,137989,1017,137991,126912],{},[15,137990,112544],{},[15,137992,137993],{},"\"Cat\"",[40,137995,137997],{"className":42,"code":137996,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137998,137999,138012,138042,138046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138000,138001,138003,138005,138007,138010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138002,34178],{"class":55},[49,138004,60],{"class":59},[49,138006,87],{"class":67},[49,138008,138009],{"class":71},"Cat cat CAT",[49,138011,301],{"class":67},[49,138013,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028,138030,138032,138034,138036,138038,138040],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138015,534],{"class":55},[49,138017,60],{"class":59},[49,138019,42339],{"class":55},[49,138021,109],{"class":63},[49,138023,34490],{"class":112},[49,138025,126],{"class":63},[49,138027,68],{"class":67},[49,138029,36541],{"class":71},[49,138031,68],{"class":67},[49,138033,84],{"class":63},[49,138035,87],{"class":67},[49,138037,57630],{"class":71},[49,138039,68],{"class":67},[49,138041,335],{"class":63},[49,138043,138044],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,138045,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,138047,138048,138050,138052,138054],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,138049,123],{"class":122},[49,138051,126],{"class":63},[49,138053,558],{"class":112},[49,138055,335],{"class":63},[20,138057,573],{},[40,138059,138061],{"className":42,"code":138060,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138062,138063],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138064,138065,138068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138066,138067],{"class":55},"Cat dog ",[49,138069,138070],{"class":33943},"CAT\n",[20,138072,138073,138074,138076],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138075,112544],{}," was replaced.",[20,138078,138079],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138081,138082,138083,109],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[72,138084,125860,138085,1571],{"href":123587},[15,138086,123590],{},[35,138088,144,138090,475],{"id":138089},"what-replace-returns",[15,138091,124031],{},[20,138093,138094,138096],{},[15,138095,124031],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138098,138099],{},"If no match is found:",[155,138101,138102,138105],{},[158,138103,138104],{},"no error happens",[158,138106,138107],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138109,1244],{},[40,138111,138113],{"className":42,"code":138112,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138114,138115,138127,138157,138161],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138116,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138118,34178],{"class":55},[49,138120,60],{"class":59},[49,138122,87],{"class":67},[49,138124,3518],{"class":71},[49,138126,301],{"class":67},[49,138128,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138153,138155],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138130,534],{"class":55},[49,138132,60],{"class":59},[49,138134,42339],{"class":55},[49,138136,109],{"class":63},[49,138138,34490],{"class":112},[49,138140,126],{"class":63},[49,138142,68],{"class":67},[49,138144,504],{"class":71},[49,138146,68],{"class":67},[49,138148,84],{"class":63},[49,138150,87],{"class":67},[49,138152,517],{"class":71},[49,138154,68],{"class":67},[49,138156,335],{"class":63},[49,138158,138159],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,138160,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,138162,138163,138165,138167,138169],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,138164,123],{"class":122},[49,138166,126],{"class":63},[49,138168,558],{"class":112},[49,138170,335],{"class":63},[20,138172,573],{},[40,138174,138176],{"className":42,"code":138175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello\n",[15,138177,138178],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138179,138180],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138181,138175],{"class":55},[20,138183,138184],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[40,138186,138188],{"className":42,"code":138187,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138189,138190,138202],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138191,138192,138194,138196,138198,138200],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138193,34178],{"class":55},[49,138195,60],{"class":59},[49,138197,87],{"class":67},[49,138199,59910],{"class":71},[49,138201,301],{"class":67},[49,138203,138204,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138205,129699],{"class":55},[49,138207,60],{"class":59},[49,138209,42339],{"class":55},[49,138211,109],{"class":63},[49,138213,34490],{"class":112},[49,138215,126],{"class":63},[49,138217,68],{"class":67},[49,138219,60095],{"class":71},[49,138221,68],{"class":67},[49,138223,84],{"class":63},[49,138225,87],{"class":67},[49,138227,6968],{"class":71},[49,138229,68],{"class":67},[49,138231,335],{"class":63},[20,138233,138234],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[40,138236,138238],{"className":42,"code":138237,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138239,138240,138252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138241,138242,138244,138246,138248,138250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138243,34178],{"class":55},[49,138245,60],{"class":59},[49,138247,87],{"class":67},[49,138249,59910],{"class":71},[49,138251,301],{"class":67},[49,138253,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138255,34178],{"class":55},[49,138257,60],{"class":59},[49,138259,42339],{"class":55},[49,138261,109],{"class":63},[49,138263,34490],{"class":112},[49,138265,126],{"class":63},[49,138267,68],{"class":67},[49,138269,60095],{"class":71},[49,138271,68],{"class":67},[49,138273,84],{"class":63},[49,138275,87],{"class":67},[49,138277,6968],{"class":71},[49,138279,68],{"class":67},[49,138281,335],{"class":63},[35,138283,4192],{"id":4191},[20,138285,138286,138287,77],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138288,124031],{},[155,138290,138291,138294,138298,138301],{},[158,138292,138293],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[158,138295,1392,138296,131080],{},[15,138297,124031],{},[158,138299,138300],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[158,138302,36698,138303,138305],{},[15,138304,124031],{}," with regex-based replacements",[591,138307,138309,138310,138312],{"id":138308},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138311,124031],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138314,138315,138316,77],{},"This does not update ",[15,138317,34199],{},[40,138319,138321],{"className":42,"code":138320,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138322,138323,138335,138361],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138324,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138326,34178],{"class":55},[49,138328,60],{"class":59},[49,138330,87],{"class":67},[49,138332,137346],{"class":71},[49,138334,301],{"class":67},[49,138336,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138338,34199],{"class":55},[49,138340,109],{"class":63},[49,138342,34490],{"class":112},[49,138344,126],{"class":63},[49,138346,68],{"class":67},[49,138348,137367],{"class":71},[49,138350,68],{"class":67},[49,138352,84],{"class":63},[49,138354,87],{"class":67},[49,138356,137376],{"class":71},[49,138358,68],{"class":67},[49,138360,335],{"class":63},[49,138362,138363,138365,138367,138369],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,138364,123],{"class":122},[49,138366,126],{"class":63},[49,138368,34199],{"class":112},[49,138370,335],{"class":63},[20,138372,573],{},[40,138374,138375],{"className":42,"code":137594,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138376,138377],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138378,138379],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138380,137594],{"class":55},[20,138382,10469],{},[40,138384,138386],{"className":42,"code":138385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138387,138388,138400,138430],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138389,138390,138392,138394,138396,138398],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138391,34178],{"class":55},[49,138393,60],{"class":59},[49,138395,87],{"class":67},[49,138397,137346],{"class":71},[49,138399,301],{"class":67},[49,138401,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138403,34178],{"class":55},[49,138405,60],{"class":59},[49,138407,42339],{"class":55},[49,138409,109],{"class":63},[49,138411,34490],{"class":112},[49,138413,126],{"class":63},[49,138415,68],{"class":67},[49,138417,137367],{"class":71},[49,138419,68],{"class":67},[49,138421,84],{"class":63},[49,138423,87],{"class":67},[49,138425,137376],{"class":71},[49,138427,68],{"class":67},[49,138429,335],{"class":63},[49,138431,138432,138434,138436,138438],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,138433,123],{"class":122},[49,138435,126],{"class":63},[49,138437,34199],{"class":112},[49,138439,335],{"class":63},[20,138441,573],{},[40,138443,138444],{"className":42,"code":137395,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138445,138446],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138447,138448],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138449,137395],{"class":55},[591,138451,138453],{"id":138452},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[40,138455,138457],{"className":42,"code":138456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138458,138459,138471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138460,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138462,34178],{"class":55},[49,138464,60],{"class":59},[49,138466,87],{"class":67},[49,138468,34358],{"class":71},[49,138470,301],{"class":67},[49,138472,138473,138475,138477,138479,138481,138483,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138474,123],{"class":122},[49,138476,126],{"class":63},[49,138478,34199],{"class":112},[49,138480,109],{"class":63},[49,138482,34490],{"class":112},[49,138484,126],{"class":63},[49,138486,68],{"class":67},[49,138488,3518],{"class":71},[49,138490,68],{"class":67},[49,138492,84],{"class":63},[49,138494,87],{"class":67},[49,138496,89441],{"class":71},[49,138498,68],{"class":67},[49,138500,1436],{"class":63},[20,138502,573],{},[40,138504,138505],{"className":42,"code":88454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138506,138507],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138508,138509],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138510,88454],{"class":55},[20,138512,138513,138514,1017,138516,138518],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138515,64039],{},[15,138517,89923],{}," are not the same.",[591,138520,138522],{"id":138521},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[40,138524,138526],{"className":42,"code":138525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138527,138528,138541],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138529,138530,138532,138534,138536,138539],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138531,34178],{"class":55},[49,138533,60],{"class":59},[49,138535,87],{"class":67},[49,138537,138538],{"class":71},"red red red",[49,138540,301],{"class":67},[49,138542,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138544,123],{"class":122},[49,138546,126],{"class":63},[49,138548,34199],{"class":112},[49,138550,109],{"class":63},[49,138552,34490],{"class":112},[49,138554,126],{"class":63},[49,138556,68],{"class":67},[49,138558,12570],{"class":71},[49,138560,68],{"class":67},[49,138562,84],{"class":63},[49,138564,87],{"class":67},[49,138566,12587],{"class":71},[49,138568,68],{"class":67},[49,138570,1436],{"class":63},[20,138572,573],{},[40,138574,138576],{"className":42,"code":138575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138577,138578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138579,138580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138581,138575],{"class":55},[20,138583,138584,138585,77],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138586,40756],{},[40,138588,138590],{"className":42,"code":138589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138591,138592,138604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138593,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138595,34178],{"class":55},[49,138597,60],{"class":59},[49,138599,87],{"class":67},[49,138601,138538],{"class":71},[49,138603,301],{"class":67},[49,138605,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138607,123],{"class":122},[49,138609,126],{"class":63},[49,138611,34199],{"class":112},[49,138613,109],{"class":63},[49,138615,34490],{"class":112},[49,138617,126],{"class":63},[49,138619,68],{"class":67},[49,138621,12570],{"class":71},[49,138623,68],{"class":67},[49,138625,84],{"class":63},[49,138627,87],{"class":67},[49,138629,12587],{"class":71},[49,138631,68],{"class":67},[49,138633,84],{"class":63},[49,138635,81],{"class":80},[49,138637,1436],{"class":63},[20,138639,573],{},[40,138641,138643],{"className":42,"code":138642,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue red red\n",[15,138644,138645],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138646,138647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138648,138642],{"class":55},[591,138650,138652,138653,138655],{"id":138651},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138654,124031],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138657,138658],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[155,138660,138661,138668,138675],{},[158,138662,1762,138663,138667],{},[72,138664,138665],{"href":128547},[15,138666,60035],{}," to break a string into a list",[158,138669,1762,138670,138674],{},[72,138671,138672],{"href":136430},[15,138673,41150],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[158,138676,1762,138677,138679],{},[15,138678,124031],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[35,138681,1498],{"id":1497},[591,138683,1502,138685,124187],{"id":138684},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138686,124031],{},[20,138688,138689],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[591,138691,138693],{"id":138692},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138695,138696],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[591,138698,138700],{"id":138699},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138702,138703],{},"Use the third argument:",[40,138705,138707],{"className":42,"code":138706,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138708,138709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138710,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138712,34199],{"class":55},[49,138714,109],{"class":63},[49,138716,34490],{"class":112},[49,138718,126],{"class":63},[49,138720,137457],{"class":112},[49,138722,84],{"class":63},[49,138724,137462],{"class":112},[49,138726,84],{"class":63},[49,138728,81],{"class":80},[49,138730,335],{"class":63},[591,138732,4842,138734,138736],{"id":138733},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138735,124031],{}," remove text?",[20,138738,138739],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[40,138741,138743],{"className":42,"code":138742,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138744,138745],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138746,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138748,34199],{"class":55},[49,138750,109],{"class":63},[49,138752,34490],{"class":112},[49,138754,126],{"class":63},[49,138756,68],{"class":67},[49,138758,504],{"class":71},[49,138760,68],{"class":67},[49,138762,84],{"class":63},[49,138764,5799],{"class":67},[49,138766,335],{"class":63},[591,138768,14382,138770,124196],{"id":138769},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138771,124031],{},[20,138773,129389],{},[35,138775,1550],{"id":1549},[155,138777,138778,138782,138788,138794,138800],{},[158,138779,138780],{},[72,138781,124266],{"href":124028},[158,138783,138784],{},[72,138785,125860,138786,1571],{"href":128547},[15,138787,60035],{},[158,138789,138790],{},[72,138791,125860,138792,1571],{"href":136430},[15,138793,41150],{},[158,138795,138796],{},[72,138797,125860,138798,1571],{"href":123587},[15,138799,123590],{},[158,138801,138802],{},[72,138803,124615],{"href":50476},[1597,138805,138806],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":138808},[138809,138810,138812,138815,138816,138820,138824,138825,138827,138835,138845],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":137410,"depth":103,"text":138811},"What replace() does",{"id":5103,"depth":103,"text":5104,"children":138813},[138814],{"id":16875,"depth":119,"text":16876},{"id":5458,"depth":103,"text":5459},{"id":137625,"depth":103,"text":137626,"children":138817},[138818,138819],{"id":137639,"depth":119,"text":137640},{"id":137720,"depth":119,"text":137721},{"id":137808,"depth":103,"text":137809,"children":138821},[138822,138823],{"id":137817,"depth":119,"text":137818},{"id":137893,"depth":119,"text":137894},{"id":123506,"depth":103,"text":123507},{"id":138089,"depth":103,"text":138826},"What replace() returns",{"id":4191,"depth":103,"text":4192,"children":138828},[138829,138831,138832,138833],{"id":138308,"depth":119,"text":138830},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138452,"depth":119,"text":138453},{"id":138521,"depth":119,"text":138522},{"id":138651,"depth":119,"text":138834},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":138836},[138837,138839,138840,138841,138843],{"id":138684,"depth":119,"text":138838},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138692,"depth":119,"text":138693},{"id":138699,"depth":119,"text":138700},{"id":138733,"depth":119,"text":138842},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138769,"depth":119,"text":138844},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137295,"description":138846},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138853,"title":138854,"body":138855,"description":140874,"extension":1632,"meta":140875,"navigation":312,"path":140876,"seo":140877,"stem":140878,"__hash__":140879},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138856,"toc":140838},[138857,138862,138867,138870,138881,138883,138938,138943,138948,138955,138957,138972,138974,139030,139032,139070,139075,139077,139101,139104,139117,139122,139124,139156,139158,139191,139197,139202,139205,139215,139218,139220,139276,139278,139328,139331,139339,139342,139398,139400,139473,139486,139494,139498,139509,139512,139515,139568,139570,139602,139605,139659,139661,139696,139699,139704,139709,139714,139717,139719,139777,139779,139813,139815,139830,139833,139835,139877,139879,139905,139910,139918,139921,139923,140005,140007,140058,140061,140072,140080,140082,140155,140157,140175,140179,140182,140186,140213,140215,140223,140227,140262,140264,140277,140281,140284,140323,140325,140342,140347,140352,140363,140366,140377,140379,140381,140407,140410,140459,140461,140478,140481,140483,140535,140537,140569,140572,140630,140635,140637,140642,140745,140747,140761,140763,140770,140775,140780,140785,140790,140795,140798,140802,140807,140809,140835],[10,138858,122860,138860,18],{"id":138859},"python-string-split-method",[15,138861,60035],{},[20,138863,122865,138864,138866],{},[15,138865,60035],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138868,138869],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[155,138871,138872,138875,138878],{},[158,138873,138874],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[158,138876,138877],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[158,138879,138880],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[35,138882,38],{"id":37},[40,138884,138886],{"className":42,"code":138885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138887,138888,138901,138923,138933],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138889,138890,138892,138894,138896,138899],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138891,34178],{"class":55},[49,138893,60],{"class":59},[49,138895,87],{"class":67},[49,138897,138898],{"class":71},"apple,banana,cherry",[49,138900,301],{"class":67},[49,138902,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138904,42334],{"class":55},[49,138906,60],{"class":59},[49,138908,42339],{"class":55},[49,138910,109],{"class":63},[49,138912,33959],{"class":112},[49,138914,126],{"class":63},[49,138916,68],{"class":67},[49,138918,84],{"class":71},[49,138920,68],{"class":67},[49,138922,335],{"class":63},[49,138924,138925,138927,138929,138931],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,138926,123],{"class":122},[49,138928,126],{"class":63},[49,138930,42366],{"class":112},[49,138932,335],{"class":63},[49,138934,138935],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,138936,138937],{"class":134},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138939,1762,138940,138942],{},[15,138941,60035],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[35,138944,144,138946,147],{"id":138945},"what-split-does",[15,138947,60035],{},[20,138949,138950,131908,138952,109],{},[15,138951,60035],{},[30,138953,138954],{},"string method",[20,138956,48427],{},[155,138958,138959,138962,138967],{},[158,138960,138961],{},"divides a string into parts",[158,138963,119162,138964],{},[30,138965,138966],{},"new list of strings",[158,138968,119168,138969,138971],{},[30,138970,600],{}," change the original string",[20,138973,1244],{},[40,138975,138977],{"className":42,"code":138976,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138978,138979,138992,139006,139010,139020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138980,138981,138983,138985,138987,138990],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138982,34178],{"class":55},[49,138984,60],{"class":59},[49,138986,87],{"class":67},[49,138988,138989],{"class":71},"red blue green",[49,138991,301],{"class":67},[49,138993,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,138995,42334],{"class":55},[49,138997,60],{"class":59},[49,138999,42339],{"class":55},[49,139001,109],{"class":63},[49,139003,33959],{"class":112},[49,139005,116],{"class":63},[49,139007,139008],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,139009,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,139011,139012,139014,139016,139018],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,139013,123],{"class":122},[49,139015,126],{"class":63},[49,139017,34199],{"class":112},[49,139019,335],{"class":63},[49,139021,139022,139024,139026,139028],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,139023,123],{"class":122},[49,139025,126],{"class":63},[49,139027,42366],{"class":112},[49,139029,335],{"class":63},[20,139031,573],{},[40,139033,139035],{"className":42,"code":139034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139036,139037,139042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139038,139039],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139040,139041],{"class":55},"red blue green\n",[49,139043,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139045,3573],{"class":63},[49,139047,397],{"class":67},[49,139049,12570],{"class":71},[49,139051,397],{"class":67},[49,139053,84],{"class":63},[49,139055,406],{"class":67},[49,139057,12587],{"class":71},[49,139059,397],{"class":67},[49,139061,84],{"class":63},[49,139063,406],{"class":67},[49,139065,16937],{"class":71},[49,139067,397],{"class":67},[49,139069,3309],{"class":63},[20,139071,139072,139073,109],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[72,139074,124615],{"href":50476},[35,139076,189],{"id":188},[40,139078,139080],{"className":42,"code":139079,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139081,139082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139083,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139099],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139085,60678],{"class":55},[49,139087,109],{"class":63},[49,139089,33959],{"class":112},[49,139091,126],{"class":63},[49,139093,133264],{"class":112},[49,139095,84],{"class":63},[49,139097,139098],{"class":112}," maxsplit",[49,139100,335],{"class":63},[20,139102,139103],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[155,139105,139106,139111],{},[158,139107,139108,139110],{},[15,139109,133264],{}," tells Python where to split",[158,139112,139113,139116],{},[15,139114,139115],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139118,8550,139119,139121],{},[15,139120,133264],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139123,1244],{},[40,139125,139127],{"className":42,"code":139126,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139128,139129,139142],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139130,139131,139133,139135,139137,139140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139132,34178],{"class":55},[49,139134,60],{"class":59},[49,139136,87],{"class":67},[49,139138,139139],{"class":71},"one two three",[49,139141,301],{"class":67},[49,139143,139144,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139145,123],{"class":122},[49,139147,126],{"class":63},[49,139149,34199],{"class":112},[49,139151,109],{"class":63},[49,139153,33959],{"class":112},[49,139155,6865],{"class":63},[20,139157,573],{},[40,139159,139161],{"className":42,"code":139160,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139162,139163],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139164,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139166,3573],{"class":63},[49,139168,397],{"class":67},[49,139170,6255],{"class":71},[49,139172,397],{"class":67},[49,139174,84],{"class":63},[49,139176,406],{"class":67},[49,139178,78776],{"class":71},[49,139180,397],{"class":67},[49,139182,84],{"class":63},[49,139184,406],{"class":67},[49,139186,133746],{"class":71},[49,139188,397],{"class":67},[49,139190,3309],{"class":63},[35,139192,8092,139194,139196],{"id":139193},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139195,60035],{}," with no separator",[20,139198,69679,139199,139201],{},[15,139200,60035],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139203,139204],{},"Whitespace includes:",[155,139206,139207,139209,139212],{},[158,139208,10116],{},[158,139210,139211],{},"tabs",[158,139213,139214],{},"new lines",[20,139216,139217],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139219,1244],{},[40,139221,139223],{"className":42,"code":139222,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139224,139225,139248,139262,139266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139226,139227,139229,139231,139233,139236,139239,139241,139243,139246],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139228,34178],{"class":55},[49,139230,60],{"class":59},[49,139232,87],{"class":67},[49,139234,139235],{"class":71},"Python   is",[49,139237,139238],{"class":33943},"\\t",[49,139240,133000],{"class":71},[49,139242,86658],{"class":33943},[49,139244,139245],{"class":71},"and useful",[49,139247,301],{"class":67},[49,139249,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139251,42334],{"class":55},[49,139253,60],{"class":59},[49,139255,42339],{"class":55},[49,139257,109],{"class":63},[49,139259,33959],{"class":112},[49,139261,116],{"class":63},[49,139263,139264],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,139265,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,139267,139268,139270,139272,139274],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,139269,123],{"class":122},[49,139271,126],{"class":63},[49,139273,42366],{"class":112},[49,139275,335],{"class":63},[20,139277,573],{},[40,139279,139281],{"className":42,"code":139280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139282,139283],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139284,139285,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139324,139326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139286,3573],{"class":63},[49,139288,397],{"class":67},[49,139290,6968],{"class":71},[49,139292,397],{"class":67},[49,139294,84],{"class":63},[49,139296,406],{"class":67},[49,139298,974],{"class":71},[49,139300,397],{"class":67},[49,139302,84],{"class":63},[49,139304,406],{"class":67},[49,139306,133000],{"class":71},[49,139308,397],{"class":67},[49,139310,84],{"class":63},[49,139312,406],{"class":67},[49,139314,129625],{"class":71},[49,139316,397],{"class":67},[49,139318,84],{"class":63},[49,139320,406],{"class":67},[49,139322,139323],{"class":71},"useful",[49,139325,397],{"class":67},[49,139327,3309],{"class":63},[20,139329,139330],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[591,139332,139334,10249,139336],{"id":139333},"split-vs-split",[15,139335,60035],{},[15,139337,139338],{},"split(' ')",[20,139340,139341],{},"These are not the same.",[40,139343,139345],{"className":42,"code":139344,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139346,139347,139360,139364,139378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139348,139349,139351,139353,139355,139358],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139350,34178],{"class":55},[49,139352,60],{"class":59},[49,139354,87],{"class":67},[49,139356,139357],{"class":71},"a  b   c",[49,139359,301],{"class":67},[49,139361,139362],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139363,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,139365,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,139367,123],{"class":122},[49,139369,126],{"class":63},[49,139371,34199],{"class":112},[49,139373,109],{"class":63},[49,139375,33959],{"class":112},[49,139377,6865],{"class":63},[49,139379,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,139381,123],{"class":122},[49,139383,126],{"class":63},[49,139385,34199],{"class":112},[49,139387,109],{"class":63},[49,139389,33959],{"class":112},[49,139391,126],{"class":63},[49,139393,68],{"class":67},[49,139395,87],{"class":67},[49,139397,1436],{"class":63},[20,139399,573],{},[40,139401,139403],{"className":42,"code":139402,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139404,139405,139433],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139406,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425,139427,139429,139431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139408,3573],{"class":63},[49,139410,397],{"class":67},[49,139412,72],{"class":71},[49,139414,397],{"class":67},[49,139416,84],{"class":63},[49,139418,406],{"class":67},[49,139420,90],{"class":71},[49,139422,397],{"class":67},[49,139424,84],{"class":63},[49,139426,406],{"class":67},[49,139428,9406],{"class":71},[49,139430,397],{"class":67},[49,139432,3309],{"class":63},[49,139434,139435,139437,139439,139441,139443,139445,139447,139449,139451,139453,139455,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139436,3573],{"class":63},[49,139438,397],{"class":67},[49,139440,72],{"class":71},[49,139442,397],{"class":67},[49,139444,84],{"class":63},[49,139446,3511],{"class":67},[49,139448,84],{"class":63},[49,139450,406],{"class":67},[49,139452,90],{"class":71},[49,139454,397],{"class":67},[49,139456,84],{"class":63},[49,139458,3511],{"class":67},[49,139460,84],{"class":63},[49,139462,3511],{"class":67},[49,139464,84],{"class":63},[49,139466,406],{"class":67},[49,139468,9406],{"class":71},[49,139470,397],{"class":67},[49,139472,3309],{"class":63},[155,139474,139475,139480],{},[158,139476,139477,139479],{},[15,139478,60035],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[158,139481,139482,139485],{},[15,139483,139484],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139487,139488,139489,139493],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[72,139490,125860,139491,1571],{"href":136430},[15,139492,41150],{}," is often useful.",[35,139495,139497],{"id":139496},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139499,139500,139501,1858,139504,1862,139506,109],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139502,139503],{},"\",\"",[15,139505,133099],{},[15,139507,139508],{},"\"::\"",[20,139510,139511],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139513,139514],{},"Example with commas:",[40,139516,139518],{"className":42,"code":139517,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139519,139520,139532,139554,139558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139521,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139523,34178],{"class":55},[49,139525,60],{"class":59},[49,139527,87],{"class":67},[49,139529,138898],{"class":71},[49,139531,301],{"class":67},[49,139533,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139535,42334],{"class":55},[49,139537,60],{"class":59},[49,139539,42339],{"class":55},[49,139541,109],{"class":63},[49,139543,33959],{"class":112},[49,139545,126],{"class":63},[49,139547,68],{"class":67},[49,139549,84],{"class":71},[49,139551,68],{"class":67},[49,139553,335],{"class":63},[49,139555,139556],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,139557,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,139559,139560,139562,139564,139566],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,139561,123],{"class":122},[49,139563,126],{"class":63},[49,139565,42366],{"class":112},[49,139567,335],{"class":63},[20,139569,573],{},[40,139571,139572],{"className":42,"code":77955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,139573,139574],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139575,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139577,3573],{"class":63},[49,139579,397],{"class":67},[49,139581,3751],{"class":71},[49,139583,397],{"class":67},[49,139585,84],{"class":63},[49,139587,406],{"class":67},[49,139589,3760],{"class":71},[49,139591,397],{"class":67},[49,139593,84],{"class":63},[49,139595,406],{"class":67},[49,139597,3769],{"class":71},[49,139599,397],{"class":67},[49,139601,3309],{"class":63},[20,139603,139604],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[40,139606,139608],{"className":42,"code":139607,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139609,139610,139623,139645,139649],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139611,139612,139614,139616,139618,139621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139613,34178],{"class":55},[49,139615,60],{"class":59},[49,139617,87],{"class":67},[49,139619,139620],{"class":71},"2024::10::31",[49,139622,301],{"class":67},[49,139624,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139626,42334],{"class":55},[49,139628,60],{"class":59},[49,139630,42339],{"class":55},[49,139632,109],{"class":63},[49,139634,33959],{"class":112},[49,139636,126],{"class":63},[49,139638,68],{"class":67},[49,139640,76172],{"class":71},[49,139642,68],{"class":67},[49,139644,335],{"class":63},[49,139646,139647],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,139648,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,139650,139651,139653,139655,139657],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,139652,123],{"class":122},[49,139654,126],{"class":63},[49,139656,42366],{"class":112},[49,139658,335],{"class":63},[20,139660,573],{},[40,139662,139664],{"className":42,"code":139663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139665,139666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139667,139668,139670,139672,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139692,139694],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139669,3573],{"class":63},[49,139671,397],{"class":67},[49,139673,139674],{"class":71},"2024",[49,139676,397],{"class":67},[49,139678,84],{"class":63},[49,139680,406],{"class":67},[49,139682,1999],{"class":71},[49,139684,397],{"class":67},[49,139686,84],{"class":63},[49,139688,406],{"class":67},[49,139690,139691],{"class":71},"31",[49,139693,397],{"class":67},[49,139695,3309],{"class":63},[20,139697,139698],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139700,139701,139702,109],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[72,139703,128544],{"href":128543},[35,139705,8092,139707],{"id":139706},"using-maxsplit",[15,139708,139115],{},[20,139710,139711,139713],{},[15,139712,139115],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139715,139716],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139718,1244],{},[40,139720,139722],{"className":42,"code":139721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139723,139724,139737,139763,139767],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139725,139726,139728,139730,139732,139735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139727,34178],{"class":55},[49,139729,60],{"class":59},[49,139731,87],{"class":67},[49,139733,139734],{"class":71},"name:age:city:country",[49,139736,301],{"class":67},[49,139738,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755,139757,139759,139761],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139740,42334],{"class":55},[49,139742,60],{"class":59},[49,139744,42339],{"class":55},[49,139746,109],{"class":63},[49,139748,33959],{"class":112},[49,139750,126],{"class":63},[49,139752,68],{"class":67},[49,139754,77],{"class":71},[49,139756,68],{"class":67},[49,139758,84],{"class":63},[49,139760,97],{"class":80},[49,139762,335],{"class":63},[49,139764,139765],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,139766,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,139768,139769,139771,139773,139775],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,139770,123],{"class":122},[49,139772,126],{"class":63},[49,139774,42366],{"class":112},[49,139776,335],{"class":63},[20,139778,573],{},[40,139780,139782],{"className":42,"code":139781,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139783,139784],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139785,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139809,139811],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139787,3573],{"class":63},[49,139789,397],{"class":67},[49,139791,251],{"class":71},[49,139793,397],{"class":67},[49,139795,84],{"class":63},[49,139797,406],{"class":67},[49,139799,272],{"class":71},[49,139801,397],{"class":67},[49,139803,84],{"class":63},[49,139805,406],{"class":67},[49,139807,139808],{"class":71},"city:country",[49,139810,397],{"class":67},[49,139812,3309],{"class":63},[20,139814,1197],{},[155,139816,139817,139822,139827],{},[158,139818,139819,139820],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139821,77],{},[158,139823,139824,139825],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139826,77],{},[158,139828,139829],{},"then stops",[20,139831,139832],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139834,51581],{},[40,139836,139838],{"className":42,"code":139837,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139839,139840,139853],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139841,139842,139844,139846,139848,139851],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139843,34178],{"class":55},[49,139845,60],{"class":59},[49,139847,87],{"class":67},[49,139849,139850],{"class":71},"apple banana cherry grape",[49,139852,301],{"class":67},[49,139854,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139856,123],{"class":122},[49,139858,126],{"class":63},[49,139860,34199],{"class":112},[49,139862,109],{"class":63},[49,139864,33959],{"class":112},[49,139866,126],{"class":63},[49,139868,68],{"class":67},[49,139870,87],{"class":67},[49,139872,84],{"class":63},[49,139874,81],{"class":80},[49,139876,1436],{"class":63},[20,139878,573],{},[40,139880,139882],{"className":42,"code":139881,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139883,139884],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139885,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139901,139903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139887,3573],{"class":63},[49,139889,397],{"class":67},[49,139891,3751],{"class":71},[49,139893,397],{"class":67},[49,139895,84],{"class":63},[49,139897,406],{"class":67},[49,139899,139900],{"class":71},"banana cherry grape",[49,139902,397],{"class":67},[49,139904,3309],{"class":63},[35,139906,144,139908,475],{"id":139907},"what-split-returns",[15,139909,60035],{},[20,139911,139912,139913,139915,139916,109],{},"The result of ",[15,139914,60035],{}," is always a ",[30,139917,7767],{},[20,139919,139920],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139922,1244],{},[40,139924,139926],{"className":42,"code":139925,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139927,139928,139941,139963,139967,139977,139991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139929,139930,139932,139934,139936,139939],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139931,34178],{"class":55},[49,139933,60],{"class":59},[49,139935,87],{"class":67},[49,139937,139938],{"class":71},"cat,dog,bird",[49,139940,301],{"class":67},[49,139942,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,139944,42334],{"class":55},[49,139946,60],{"class":59},[49,139948,42339],{"class":55},[49,139950,109],{"class":63},[49,139952,33959],{"class":112},[49,139954,126],{"class":63},[49,139956,68],{"class":67},[49,139958,84],{"class":71},[49,139960,68],{"class":67},[49,139962,335],{"class":63},[49,139964,139965],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,139966,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,139968,139969,139971,139973,139975],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,139970,123],{"class":122},[49,139972,126],{"class":63},[49,139974,42366],{"class":112},[49,139976,335],{"class":63},[49,139978,139979,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,139980,123],{"class":122},[49,139982,126],{"class":63},[49,139984,1429],{"class":1428},[49,139986,126],{"class":63},[49,139988,42366],{"class":112},[49,139990,1436],{"class":63},[49,139992,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,139994,123],{"class":122},[49,139996,126],{"class":63},[49,139998,42366],{"class":112},[49,140000,3573],{"class":63},[49,140002,1790],{"class":80},[49,140004,3561],{"class":63},[20,140006,573],{},[40,140008,140010],{"className":42,"code":140009,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140011,140012,140040,140054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140013,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140015,3573],{"class":63},[49,140017,397],{"class":67},[49,140019,36541],{"class":71},[49,140021,397],{"class":67},[49,140023,84],{"class":63},[49,140025,406],{"class":67},[49,140027,57630],{"class":71},[49,140029,397],{"class":67},[49,140031,84],{"class":63},[49,140033,406],{"class":67},[49,140035,57647],{"class":71},[49,140037,397],{"class":67},[49,140039,3309],{"class":63},[49,140041,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140043,2962],{"class":59},[49,140045,2965],{"class":1734},[49,140047,406],{"class":67},[49,140049,7767],{"class":71},[49,140051,397],{"class":67},[49,140053,2974],{"class":59},[49,140055,140056],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,140057,84974],{"class":55},[20,140059,140060],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[155,140062,140063,140066,140069],{},[158,140064,140065],{},"loop over it",[158,140067,140068],{},"access items by index",[158,140070,140071],{},"combine items again later",[20,140073,140074,140075,109],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[72,140076,125860,140078,1571],{"href":140077},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140079,132942],{},[20,140081,1244],{},[40,140083,140085],{"className":42,"code":140084,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140086,140087,140119,140141,140145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140088,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140090,42334],{"class":55},[49,140092,60],{"class":59},[49,140094,3296],{"class":63},[49,140096,397],{"class":67},[49,140098,36541],{"class":71},[49,140100,397],{"class":67},[49,140102,84],{"class":63},[49,140104,406],{"class":67},[49,140106,57630],{"class":71},[49,140108,397],{"class":67},[49,140110,84],{"class":63},[49,140112,406],{"class":67},[49,140114,57647],{"class":71},[49,140116,397],{"class":67},[49,140118,3309],{"class":63},[49,140120,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140122,34178],{"class":55},[49,140124,60],{"class":59},[49,140126,87],{"class":67},[49,140128,1690],{"class":71},[49,140130,68],{"class":67},[49,140132,109],{"class":63},[49,140134,133019],{"class":112},[49,140136,126],{"class":63},[49,140138,42366],{"class":112},[49,140140,335],{"class":63},[49,140142,140143],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,140144,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,140146,140147,140149,140151,140153],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,140148,123],{"class":122},[49,140150,126],{"class":63},[49,140152,34199],{"class":112},[49,140154,335],{"class":63},[20,140156,573],{},[40,140158,140160],{"className":42,"code":140159,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140161,140162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140163,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140165,36541],{"class":55},[49,140167,1690],{"class":59},[49,140169,57630],{"class":55},[49,140171,1690],{"class":59},[49,140173,140174],{"class":55},"bird\n",[35,140176,140178],{"id":140177},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140180,140181],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[591,140183,140185],{"id":140184},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[40,140187,140189],{"className":42,"code":140188,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140190,140191,140199],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140192,140193,140195,140197],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140194,34178],{"class":55},[49,140196,60],{"class":59},[49,140198,7554],{"class":67},[49,140200,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140202,123],{"class":122},[49,140204,126],{"class":63},[49,140206,34199],{"class":112},[49,140208,109],{"class":63},[49,140210,33959],{"class":112},[49,140212,6865],{"class":63},[20,140214,573],{},[40,140216,140217],{"className":42,"code":37792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,140218,140219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140220,140221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140222,37792],{"class":63},[591,140224,140226],{"id":140225},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[40,140228,140230],{"className":42,"code":140229,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140231,140232,140240],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140233,140234,140236,140238],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140235,34178],{"class":55},[49,140237,60],{"class":59},[49,140239,7554],{"class":67},[49,140241,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140243,123],{"class":122},[49,140245,126],{"class":63},[49,140247,34199],{"class":112},[49,140249,109],{"class":63},[49,140251,33959],{"class":112},[49,140253,126],{"class":63},[49,140255,68],{"class":67},[49,140257,84],{"class":71},[49,140259,68],{"class":67},[49,140261,1436],{"class":63},[20,140263,573],{},[40,140265,140267],{"className":42,"code":140266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['']\n",[15,140268,140269],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140270,140271,140273,140275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140272,3573],{"class":63},[49,140274,3447],{"class":67},[49,140276,3309],{"class":63},[591,140278,140280],{"id":140279},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140282,140283],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[40,140285,140287],{"className":42,"code":140286,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140288,140289,140301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140290,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140292,34178],{"class":55},[49,140294,60],{"class":59},[49,140296,87],{"class":67},[49,140298,3518],{"class":71},[49,140300,301],{"class":67},[49,140302,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140304,123],{"class":122},[49,140306,126],{"class":63},[49,140308,34199],{"class":112},[49,140310,109],{"class":63},[49,140312,33959],{"class":112},[49,140314,126],{"class":63},[49,140316,68],{"class":67},[49,140318,84],{"class":71},[49,140320,68],{"class":67},[49,140322,1436],{"class":63},[20,140324,573],{},[40,140326,140328],{"className":42,"code":140327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['hello']\n",[15,140329,140330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140331,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140333,3573],{"class":63},[49,140335,397],{"class":67},[49,140337,3518],{"class":71},[49,140339,397],{"class":67},[49,140341,3309],{"class":63},[35,140343,1223,140345],{"id":140344},"when-to-use-split",[15,140346,60035],{},[20,140348,1762,140349,140351],{},[15,140350,60035],{}," when you need to:",[155,140353,140354,140357,140360],{},[158,140355,140356],{},"split a sentence into words",[158,140358,140359],{},"split comma-separated values",[158,140361,140362],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140364,140365],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[155,140367,140368,140371,140374],{},[158,140369,140370],{},"cleaning text",[158,140372,140373],{},"parsing user input",[158,140375,140376],{},"processing simple file content",[35,140378,1376],{"id":1375},[20,140380,83745],{},[155,140382,140383,140387,140393,140396,140404],{},[158,140384,50006,140385,131080],{},[15,140386,60035],{},[158,140388,140389,140390,140392],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140391,60035],{}," returns a list, not a string",[158,140394,140395],{},"using the wrong separator",[158,140397,140398,140399,140401,140402],{},"assuming ",[15,140400,139338],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140403,60035],{},[158,140405,140406],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140408,140409],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[40,140411,140413],{"className":42,"code":140412,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140414,140415,140427,140445,140449],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140416,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140418,34178],{"class":55},[49,140420,60],{"class":59},[49,140422,87],{"class":67},[49,140424,42327],{"class":71},[49,140426,301],{"class":67},[49,140428,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140430,34199],{"class":55},[49,140432,109],{"class":63},[49,140434,33959],{"class":112},[49,140436,126],{"class":63},[49,140438,68],{"class":67},[49,140440,84],{"class":71},[49,140442,68],{"class":67},[49,140444,335],{"class":63},[49,140446,140447],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,140448,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,140450,140451,140453,140455,140457],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,140452,123],{"class":122},[49,140454,126],{"class":63},[49,140456,34199],{"class":112},[49,140458,335],{"class":63},[20,140460,573],{},[40,140462,140464],{"className":42,"code":140463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a,b,c\n",[15,140465,140466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140467,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140469,72],{"class":55},[49,140471,84],{"class":63},[49,140473,90],{"class":55},[49,140475,84],{"class":63},[49,140477,68751],{"class":55},[20,140479,140480],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140482,10469],{},[40,140484,140485],{"className":42,"code":42314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,140486,140487,140499,140521,140525],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140488,140489,140491,140493,140495,140497],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140490,34178],{"class":55},[49,140492,60],{"class":59},[49,140494,87],{"class":67},[49,140496,42327],{"class":71},[49,140498,301],{"class":67},[49,140500,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140502,42334],{"class":55},[49,140504,60],{"class":59},[49,140506,42339],{"class":55},[49,140508,109],{"class":63},[49,140510,33959],{"class":112},[49,140512,126],{"class":63},[49,140514,68],{"class":67},[49,140516,84],{"class":71},[49,140518,68],{"class":67},[49,140520,335],{"class":63},[49,140522,140523],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,140524,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,140526,140527,140529,140531,140533],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,140528,123],{"class":122},[49,140530,126],{"class":63},[49,140532,42366],{"class":112},[49,140534,335],{"class":63},[20,140536,573],{},[40,140538,140539],{"className":42,"code":42373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,140540,140541],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140542,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140544,3573],{"class":63},[49,140546,397],{"class":67},[49,140548,72],{"class":71},[49,140550,397],{"class":67},[49,140552,84],{"class":63},[49,140554,406],{"class":67},[49,140556,90],{"class":71},[49,140558,397],{"class":67},[49,140560,84],{"class":63},[49,140562,406],{"class":67},[49,140564,9406],{"class":71},[49,140566,397],{"class":67},[49,140568,3309],{"class":63},[20,140570,140571],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[40,140573,140575],{"className":42,"code":140574,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140576,140577,140590,140612,140616],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140578,140579,140581,140583,140585,140588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140580,34178],{"class":55},[49,140582,60],{"class":59},[49,140584,87],{"class":67},[49,140586,140587],{"class":71},"apple,banana",[49,140589,301],{"class":67},[49,140591,140592,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140593,42334],{"class":55},[49,140595,60],{"class":59},[49,140597,42339],{"class":55},[49,140599,109],{"class":63},[49,140601,33959],{"class":112},[49,140603,126],{"class":63},[49,140605,68],{"class":67},[49,140607,84],{"class":71},[49,140609,68],{"class":67},[49,140611,335],{"class":63},[49,140613,140614],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,140615,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,140617,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,140619,123],{"class":122},[49,140621,126],{"class":63},[49,140623,42366],{"class":112},[49,140625,3573],{"class":63},[49,140627,1725],{"class":80},[49,140629,3561],{"class":63},[20,140631,140632,140633,109],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[72,140634,68764],{"href":68763},[591,140636,60214],{"id":60213},[20,140638,8550,140639,140641],{},[15,140640,60035],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[40,140643,140645],{"className":42,"code":140644,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140646,140647,140657,140671,140693,140719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140648,140649,140651,140653,140655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140650,123],{"class":122},[49,140652,126],{"class":63},[49,140654,34199],{"class":112},[49,140656,335],{"class":63},[49,140658,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140660,123],{"class":122},[49,140662,126],{"class":63},[49,140664,34199],{"class":112},[49,140666,109],{"class":63},[49,140668,33959],{"class":112},[49,140670,6865],{"class":63},[49,140672,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,140674,123],{"class":122},[49,140676,126],{"class":63},[49,140678,34199],{"class":112},[49,140680,109],{"class":63},[49,140682,33959],{"class":112},[49,140684,126],{"class":63},[49,140686,397],{"class":67},[49,140688,84],{"class":71},[49,140690,397],{"class":67},[49,140692,1436],{"class":63},[49,140694,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713,140715,140717],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,140696,123],{"class":122},[49,140698,126],{"class":63},[49,140700,10824],{"class":122},[49,140702,126],{"class":63},[49,140704,34199],{"class":112},[49,140706,109],{"class":63},[49,140708,33959],{"class":112},[49,140710,126],{"class":63},[49,140712,397],{"class":67},[49,140714,84],{"class":71},[49,140716,397],{"class":67},[49,140718,2582],{"class":63},[49,140720,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,140722,123],{"class":122},[49,140724,126],{"class":63},[49,140726,1429],{"class":1428},[49,140728,126],{"class":63},[49,140730,34199],{"class":112},[49,140732,109],{"class":63},[49,140734,33959],{"class":112},[49,140736,126],{"class":63},[49,140738,397],{"class":67},[49,140740,84],{"class":71},[49,140742,397],{"class":67},[49,140744,2582],{"class":63},[20,140746,10833],{},[155,140748,140749,140752,140755,140758],{},[158,140750,140751],{},"what the original string looks like",[158,140753,140754],{},"which separator works",[158,140756,140757],{},"how many items were created",[158,140759,140760],{},"that the result is a list",[35,140762,1498],{"id":1497},[591,140764,1524,140766,1017,140768,1529],{"id":140765},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140767,60035],{},[15,140769,139338],{},[20,140771,140772,140774],{},[15,140773,60035],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140776,140777,140779],{},[15,140778,139338],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[591,140781,1502,140783,124187],{"id":140782},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140784,60035],{},[20,140786,140787,140788,55981],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140789,60035],{},[591,140791,1512,140793,39456],{"id":140792},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140794,139115],{},[20,140796,140797],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[591,140799,140801],{"id":140800},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140803,28548,140804,140806],{},[15,140805,60035],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[35,140808,1550],{"id":1549},[155,140810,140811,140815,140821,140827,140831],{},[158,140812,140813],{},[72,140814,129465],{"href":128543},[158,140816,140817],{},[72,140818,125860,140819,1571],{"href":140077},[15,140820,132942],{},[158,140822,140823],{},[72,140824,125860,140825,1571],{"href":136430},[15,140826,41150],{},[158,140828,140829],{},[72,140830,124615],{"href":50476},[158,140832,140833],{},[72,140834,68764],{"href":68763},[1597,140836,140837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":140839},[140840,140841,140843,140844,140849,140850,140852,140854,140859,140861,140864,140873],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":138945,"depth":103,"text":140842},"What split() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":139193,"depth":103,"text":140845,"children":140846},"Using split() with no separator",[140847],{"id":139333,"depth":119,"text":140848},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139496,"depth":103,"text":139497},{"id":139706,"depth":103,"text":140851},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139907,"depth":103,"text":140853},"What split() returns",{"id":140177,"depth":103,"text":140178,"children":140855},[140856,140857,140858],{"id":140184,"depth":119,"text":140185},{"id":140225,"depth":119,"text":140226},{"id":140279,"depth":119,"text":140280},{"id":140344,"depth":103,"text":140860},"When to use split()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":140862},[140863],{"id":60213,"depth":119,"text":60214},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":140865},[140866,140868,140870,140872],{"id":140765,"depth":119,"text":140867},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140782,"depth":119,"text":140869},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140792,"depth":119,"text":140871},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140800,"depth":119,"text":140801},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138854,"description":140874},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140881,"title":140882,"body":140883,"description":142826,"extension":1632,"meta":142827,"navigation":312,"path":142828,"seo":142829,"stem":142830,"__hash__":142831},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140884,"toc":142785},[140885,140890,140895,140902,140975,140980,140985,140990,141006,141008,141078,141080,141082,141102,141104,141149,141154,141156,141254,141259,141263,141268,141272,141275,141317,141321,141324,141369,141373,141376,141426,141430,141435,141487,141489,141494,141505,141510,141590,141592,141604,141613,141620,141635,141637,141752,141758,141762,141765,141770,141912,141915,141922,141924,141928,141936,142005,142011,142060,142065,142070,142072,142092,142094,142160,142162,142166,142169,142173,142214,142216,142249,142254,142257,142284,142286,142329,142336,142341,142351,142417,142421,142429,142434,142485,142489,142492,142494,142503,142505,142555,142557,142664,142666,142671,142678,142684,142687,142718,142723,142725,142732,142740,142749,142752,142754,142782],[10,140886,122860,140888,18],{"id":140887},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140889,127228],{},[20,140891,122865,140892,140894],{},[15,140893,127228],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140896,125926,140897,2548,140899,140901],{},[15,140898,3276],{},[15,140900,3348],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[40,140903,140905],{"className":42,"code":140904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140906,140907,140920,140924,140949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140908,140909,140911,140913,140915,140918],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140910,34178],{"class":55},[49,140912,60],{"class":59},[49,140914,87],{"class":67},[49,140916,140917],{"class":71},"Python Beginner Help",[49,140919,301],{"class":67},[49,140921,140922],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,140923,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,140925,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,140927,123],{"class":122},[49,140929,126],{"class":63},[49,140931,34199],{"class":112},[49,140933,109],{"class":63},[49,140935,140936],{"class":112},"startswith",[49,140938,126],{"class":63},[49,140940,68],{"class":67},[49,140942,6968],{"class":71},[49,140944,68],{"class":67},[49,140946,5034],{"class":63},[49,140948,43353],{"class":134},[49,140950,140951,140953,140955,140957,140959,140961,140963,140965,140968,140970,140972],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,140952,123],{"class":122},[49,140954,126],{"class":63},[49,140956,34199],{"class":112},[49,140958,109],{"class":63},[49,140960,140936],{"class":112},[49,140962,126],{"class":63},[49,140964,68],{"class":67},[49,140966,140967],{"class":71},"Beginner",[49,140969,68],{"class":67},[49,140971,5034],{"class":63},[49,140973,140974],{"class":134}," # False\n",[20,140976,1762,140977,140979],{},[15,140978,127228],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[35,140981,144,140983,147],{"id":140982},"what-startswith-does",[15,140984,127228],{},[20,140986,140987,140989],{},[15,140988,127228],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[155,140991,140992,140995,141001,141003],{},[158,140993,140994],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[158,140996,1518,140997,2548,140999],{},[15,140998,3276],{},[15,141000,3348],{},[158,141002,123003],{},[158,141004,141005],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141007,1244],{},[40,141009,141011],{"className":42,"code":141010,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141012,141013,141025,141029,141054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141014,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141016,7549],{"class":55},[49,141018,60],{"class":59},[49,141020,87],{"class":67},[49,141022,6968],{"class":71},[49,141024,301],{"class":67},[49,141026,141027],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141028,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,141030,141031,141033,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043,141045,141048,141050,141052],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,141032,123],{"class":122},[49,141034,126],{"class":63},[49,141036,251],{"class":112},[49,141038,109],{"class":63},[49,141040,140936],{"class":112},[49,141042,126],{"class":63},[49,141044,68],{"class":67},[49,141046,141047],{"class":71},"Py",[49,141049,68],{"class":67},[49,141051,5034],{"class":63},[49,141053,43353],{"class":134},[49,141055,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,141057,123],{"class":122},[49,141059,126],{"class":63},[49,141061,251],{"class":112},[49,141063,109],{"class":63},[49,141065,140936],{"class":112},[49,141067,126],{"class":63},[49,141069,68],{"class":67},[49,141071,128306],{"class":71},[49,141073,68],{"class":67},[49,141075,5034],{"class":63},[49,141077,43370],{"class":134},[35,141079,189],{"id":188},[20,141081,41882],{},[40,141083,141085],{"className":42,"code":141084,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141086,141087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141088,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141100],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141090,60678],{"class":55},[49,141092,109],{"class":63},[49,141094,140936],{"class":112},[49,141096,126],{"class":63},[49,141098,141099],{"class":112},"prefix",[49,141101,335],{"class":63},[20,141103,30252],{},[40,141105,141107],{"className":42,"code":141106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141108,141109,141127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141110,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141112,60678],{"class":55},[49,141114,109],{"class":63},[49,141116,140936],{"class":112},[49,141118,126],{"class":63},[49,141120,141099],{"class":112},[49,141122,84],{"class":63},[49,141124,35544],{"class":112},[49,141126,335],{"class":63},[49,141128,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141130,60678],{"class":55},[49,141132,109],{"class":63},[49,141134,140936],{"class":112},[49,141136,126],{"class":63},[49,141138,141099],{"class":112},[49,141140,84],{"class":63},[49,141142,35544],{"class":112},[49,141144,84],{"class":63},[49,141146,64545],{"class":112},[49,141148,335],{"class":63},[20,141150,20254,141151,141153],{},[15,141152,141099],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141155,1244],{},[40,141157,141159],{"className":42,"code":141158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141160,141161,141173,141177,141202,141226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141162,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141164,34178],{"class":55},[49,141166,60],{"class":59},[49,141168,87],{"class":67},[49,141170,59910],{"class":71},[49,141172,301],{"class":67},[49,141174,141175],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141176,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,141178,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,141180,123],{"class":122},[49,141182,126],{"class":63},[49,141184,34199],{"class":112},[49,141186,109],{"class":63},[49,141188,140936],{"class":112},[49,141190,126],{"class":63},[49,141192,68],{"class":67},[49,141194,3518],{"class":71},[49,141196,68],{"class":67},[49,141198,5034],{"class":63},[49,141200,141201],{"class":134},"      # True\n",[49,141203,141204,141206,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,141205,123],{"class":122},[49,141207,126],{"class":63},[49,141209,34199],{"class":112},[49,141211,109],{"class":63},[49,141213,140936],{"class":112},[49,141215,126],{"class":63},[49,141217,68],{"class":67},[49,141219,60095],{"class":71},[49,141221,68],{"class":67},[49,141223,5034],{"class":63},[49,141225,20684],{"class":134},[49,141227,141228,141230,141232,141234,141236,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250,141252],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,141229,123],{"class":122},[49,141231,126],{"class":63},[49,141233,34199],{"class":112},[49,141235,109],{"class":63},[49,141237,140936],{"class":112},[49,141239,126],{"class":63},[49,141241,68],{"class":67},[49,141243,60095],{"class":71},[49,141245,68],{"class":67},[49,141247,84],{"class":63},[49,141249,37138],{"class":80},[49,141251,5034],{"class":63},[49,141253,43353],{"class":134},[20,141255,141256,141257,109],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[72,141258,124615],{"href":50476},[35,141260,141262],{"id":141261},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141264,141265,141267],{},[15,141266,127228],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[591,141269,141270],{"id":141099},[15,141271,141099],{},[20,141273,141274],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[40,141276,141278],{"className":42,"code":141277,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141279,141280,141292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141281,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141283,34178],{"class":55},[49,141285,60],{"class":59},[49,141287,87],{"class":67},[49,141289,3760],{"class":71},[49,141291,301],{"class":67},[49,141293,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141311,141313,141315],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141295,123],{"class":122},[49,141297,126],{"class":63},[49,141299,34199],{"class":112},[49,141301,109],{"class":63},[49,141303,140936],{"class":112},[49,141305,126],{"class":63},[49,141307,68],{"class":67},[49,141309,141310],{"class":71},"ban",[49,141312,68],{"class":67},[49,141314,5034],{"class":63},[49,141316,3338],{"class":134},[591,141318,141319],{"id":35565},[15,141320,35565],{},[20,141322,141323],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[40,141325,141327],{"className":42,"code":141326,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141328,141329,141341],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141330,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141332,34178],{"class":55},[49,141334,60],{"class":59},[49,141336,87],{"class":67},[49,141338,59910],{"class":71},[49,141340,301],{"class":67},[49,141342,141343,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141344,123],{"class":122},[49,141346,126],{"class":63},[49,141348,34199],{"class":112},[49,141350,109],{"class":63},[49,141352,140936],{"class":112},[49,141354,126],{"class":63},[49,141356,68],{"class":67},[49,141358,60095],{"class":71},[49,141360,68],{"class":67},[49,141362,84],{"class":63},[49,141364,37138],{"class":80},[49,141366,5034],{"class":63},[49,141368,3338],{"class":134},[591,141370,141371],{"id":52162},[15,141372,52162],{},[20,141374,141375],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[40,141377,141379],{"className":42,"code":141378,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141380,141381,141393],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141382,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141384,34178],{"class":55},[49,141386,60],{"class":59},[49,141388,87],{"class":67},[49,141390,59910],{"class":71},[49,141392,301],{"class":67},[49,141394,141395,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409,141412,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141396,123],{"class":122},[49,141398,126],{"class":63},[49,141400,34199],{"class":112},[49,141402,109],{"class":63},[49,141404,140936],{"class":112},[49,141406,126],{"class":63},[49,141408,68],{"class":67},[49,141410,141411],{"class":71},"wor",[49,141413,68],{"class":67},[49,141415,84],{"class":63},[49,141417,37138],{"class":80},[49,141419,84],{"class":63},[49,141421,53638],{"class":80},[49,141423,5034],{"class":63},[49,141425,3338],{"class":134},[591,141427,141429],{"id":141428},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141431,141432,141434],{},[15,141433,141099],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[40,141436,141438],{"className":42,"code":141437,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141439,141440,141453],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141441,141442,141444,141446,141448,141451],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141443,125943],{"class":55},[49,141445,60],{"class":59},[49,141447,87],{"class":67},[49,141449,141450],{"class":71},"img_001.png",[49,141452,301],{"class":67},[49,141454,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141472,141474,141476,141478,141481,141483,141485],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141456,123],{"class":122},[49,141458,126],{"class":63},[49,141460,125961],{"class":112},[49,141462,109],{"class":63},[49,141464,140936],{"class":112},[49,141466,5183],{"class":63},[49,141468,68],{"class":67},[49,141470,141471],{"class":71},"img_",[49,141473,68],{"class":67},[49,141475,84],{"class":63},[49,141477,87],{"class":67},[49,141479,141480],{"class":71},"photo_",[49,141482,68],{"class":67},[49,141484,50592],{"class":63},[49,141486,3338],{"class":134},[35,141488,16900],{"id":16899},[20,141490,141491,141493],{},[15,141492,127228],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[155,141495,141496,141501],{},[158,141497,141498,141500],{},[15,141499,3276],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[158,141502,141503,126545],{},[15,141504,3348],{},[20,141506,141507,141508,6843],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141509,6668],{},[40,141511,141513],{"className":42,"code":141512,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141514,141515,141529,141533,141554,141569,141575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141516,141517,141520,141522,141524,141527],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141518,141519],{"class":55},"command ",[49,141521,60],{"class":59},[49,141523,87],{"class":67},[49,141525,141526],{"class":71},"\u002Fhelp",[49,141528,301],{"class":67},[49,141530,141531],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141532,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,141534,141535,141537,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,141536,6668],{"class":973},[49,141538,141539],{"class":55}," command",[49,141541,109],{"class":63},[49,141543,140936],{"class":112},[49,141545,126],{"class":63},[49,141547,68],{"class":67},[49,141549,126752],{"class":71},[49,141551,68],{"class":67},[49,141553,8016],{"class":63},[49,141555,141556,141558,141560,141562,141565,141567],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,141557,7742],{"class":122},[49,141559,126],{"class":63},[49,141561,68],{"class":67},[49,141563,141564],{"class":71},"This looks like a command.",[49,141566,68],{"class":67},[49,141568,335],{"class":63},[49,141570,141571,141573],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,141572,26920],{"class":973},[49,141574,6067],{"class":63},[49,141576,141577,141579,141581,141583,141586,141588],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,141578,7742],{"class":122},[49,141580,126],{"class":63},[49,141582,68],{"class":67},[49,141584,141585],{"class":71},"This is normal text.",[49,141587,68],{"class":67},[49,141589,335],{"class":63},[20,141591,573],{},[40,141593,141595],{"className":42,"code":141594,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141596,141597],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141598,141599,141602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141600,141601],{"class":55},"This looks like a command",[49,141603,121892],{"class":63},[35,141605,8092,141607,8379,141609,1017,141611],{"id":141606},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141608,127228],{},[15,141610,35565],{},[15,141612,52162],{},[20,141614,150,141615,1017,141617,141619],{},[15,141616,35565],{},[15,141618,52162],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[155,141621,141622,141627,141632],{},[158,141623,141624,141626],{},[15,141625,35565],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[158,141628,141629,141631],{},[15,141630,52162],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[158,141633,141634],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141636,1244],{},[40,141638,141640],{"className":42,"code":141639,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141641,141642,141654,141658,141687,141720],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141643,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141645,34178],{"class":55},[49,141647,60],{"class":59},[49,141649,87],{"class":67},[49,141651,139139],{"class":71},[49,141653,301],{"class":67},[49,141655,141656],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141657,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,141659,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,141661,123],{"class":122},[49,141663,126],{"class":63},[49,141665,34199],{"class":112},[49,141667,109],{"class":63},[49,141669,140936],{"class":112},[49,141671,126],{"class":63},[49,141673,68],{"class":67},[49,141675,78776],{"class":71},[49,141677,68],{"class":67},[49,141679,84],{"class":63},[49,141681,2126],{"class":80},[49,141683,5034],{"class":63},[49,141685,141686],{"class":134},"        # True\n",[49,141688,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141716,141718],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,141690,123],{"class":122},[49,141692,126],{"class":63},[49,141694,34199],{"class":112},[49,141696,109],{"class":63},[49,141698,140936],{"class":112},[49,141700,126],{"class":63},[49,141702,68],{"class":67},[49,141704,133746],{"class":71},[49,141706,68],{"class":67},[49,141708,84],{"class":63},[49,141710,6033],{"class":80},[49,141712,84],{"class":63},[49,141714,141715],{"class":80}," 13",[49,141717,5034],{"class":63},[49,141719,3338],{"class":134},[49,141721,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,141723,123],{"class":122},[49,141725,126],{"class":63},[49,141727,34199],{"class":112},[49,141729,109],{"class":63},[49,141731,140936],{"class":112},[49,141733,126],{"class":63},[49,141735,68],{"class":67},[49,141737,133746],{"class":71},[49,141739,68],{"class":67},[49,141741,84],{"class":63},[49,141743,6033],{"class":80},[49,141745,84],{"class":63},[49,141747,30431],{"class":80},[49,141749,5034],{"class":63},[49,141751,4445],{"class":134},[20,141753,141754,141755,141757],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141756,52162],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[35,141759,141761],{"id":141760},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141763,141764],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141766,141767,141768,48848],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141769,40333],{},[40,141771,141773],{"className":42,"code":141772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141774,141775,141789,141803,141817,141821,141845,141849,141870,141891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141776,141777,141780,141782,141784,141787],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141778,141779],{"class":55},"filename1 ",[49,141781,60],{"class":59},[49,141783,87],{"class":67},[49,141785,141786],{"class":71},"img_101.jpg",[49,141788,301],{"class":67},[49,141790,141791,141794,141796,141798,141801],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141792,141793],{"class":55},"filename2 ",[49,141795,60],{"class":59},[49,141797,87],{"class":67},[49,141799,141800],{"class":71},"photo_202.jpg",[49,141802,301],{"class":67},[49,141804,141805,141808,141810,141812,141815],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,141806,141807],{"class":55},"filename3 ",[49,141809,60],{"class":59},[49,141811,87],{"class":67},[49,141813,141814],{"class":71},"doc_303.jpg",[49,141816,301],{"class":67},[49,141818,141819],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,141820,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,141822,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,141824,127155],{"class":55},[49,141826,60],{"class":59},[49,141828,8907],{"class":63},[49,141830,68],{"class":67},[49,141832,141471],{"class":71},[49,141834,68],{"class":67},[49,141836,84],{"class":63},[49,141838,87],{"class":67},[49,141840,141480],{"class":71},[49,141842,68],{"class":67},[49,141844,335],{"class":63},[49,141846,141847],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,141848,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,141850,141851,141853,141855,141858,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,141852,123],{"class":122},[49,141854,126],{"class":63},[49,141856,141857],{"class":112},"filename1",[49,141859,109],{"class":63},[49,141861,140936],{"class":112},[49,141863,126],{"class":63},[49,141865,127207],{"class":112},[49,141867,5034],{"class":63},[49,141869,3338],{"class":134},[49,141871,141872,141874,141876,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887,141889],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,141873,123],{"class":122},[49,141875,126],{"class":63},[49,141877,141878],{"class":112},"filename2",[49,141880,109],{"class":63},[49,141882,140936],{"class":112},[49,141884,126],{"class":63},[49,141886,127207],{"class":112},[49,141888,5034],{"class":63},[49,141890,3338],{"class":134},[49,141892,141893,141895,141897,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,141894,123],{"class":122},[49,141896,126],{"class":63},[49,141898,141899],{"class":112},"filename3",[49,141901,109],{"class":63},[49,141903,140936],{"class":112},[49,141905,126],{"class":63},[49,141907,127207],{"class":112},[49,141909,5034],{"class":63},[49,141911,4445],{"class":134},[20,141913,141914],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141916,74277,141917,141921],{},[72,141918,125860,141919,1571],{"href":129454},[15,141920,125918],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[35,141923,123507],{"id":123506},[20,141925,141926,123318],{},[15,141927,127228],{},[20,141929,126905,141930,1017,141933,126912],{},[15,141931,141932],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141934,141935],{},"\"python\"",[40,141937,141939],{"className":42,"code":141938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141940,141941,141953,141957,141981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141942,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141944,34178],{"class":55},[49,141946,60],{"class":59},[49,141948,87],{"class":67},[49,141950,6968],{"class":71},[49,141952,301],{"class":67},[49,141954,141955],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,141956,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,141958,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,141960,123],{"class":122},[49,141962,126],{"class":63},[49,141964,34199],{"class":112},[49,141966,109],{"class":63},[49,141968,140936],{"class":112},[49,141970,126],{"class":63},[49,141972,68],{"class":67},[49,141974,141047],{"class":71},[49,141976,68],{"class":67},[49,141978,5034],{"class":63},[49,141980,3338],{"class":134},[49,141982,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,141984,123],{"class":122},[49,141986,126],{"class":63},[49,141988,34199],{"class":112},[49,141990,109],{"class":63},[49,141992,140936],{"class":112},[49,141994,126],{"class":63},[49,141996,68],{"class":67},[49,141998,128306],{"class":71},[49,142000,68],{"class":67},[49,142002,5034],{"class":63},[49,142004,4445],{"class":134},[20,142006,126997,142007,109],{},[72,142008,142009],{"href":123587},[15,142010,123590],{},[40,142012,142014],{"className":42,"code":142013,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142015,142016,142028,142032],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142017,142018,142020,142022,142024,142026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142019,34178],{"class":55},[49,142021,60],{"class":59},[49,142023,87],{"class":67},[49,142025,6968],{"class":71},[49,142027,301],{"class":67},[49,142029,142030],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142031,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,142033,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,142035,123],{"class":122},[49,142037,126],{"class":63},[49,142039,34199],{"class":112},[49,142041,109],{"class":63},[49,142043,8315],{"class":112},[49,142045,8312],{"class":63},[49,142047,140936],{"class":112},[49,142049,126],{"class":63},[49,142051,68],{"class":67},[49,142053,128306],{"class":71},[49,142055,68],{"class":67},[49,142057,5034],{"class":63},[49,142059,3338],{"class":134},[35,142061,1223,142063],{"id":142062},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142064,127228],{},[20,142066,142067,142069],{},[15,142068,127228],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142071,9042],{},[155,142073,142074,142077,142080,142089],{},[158,142075,142076],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[158,142078,142079],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[158,142081,142082,142083,2548,142086],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142084,142085],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142087,142088],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[158,142090,142091],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142093,1244],{},[40,142095,142097],{"className":42,"code":142096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142098,142099,142112,142116,142145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142100,142101,142103,142105,142107,142110],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142102,126723],{"class":55},[49,142104,60],{"class":59},[49,142106,87],{"class":67},[49,142108,142109],{"class":71},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[49,142111,301],{"class":67},[49,142113,142114],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142115,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,142117,142118,142120,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,142119,6668],{"class":973},[49,142121,142122],{"class":55}," url",[49,142124,109],{"class":63},[49,142126,140936],{"class":112},[49,142128,5183],{"class":63},[49,142130,68],{"class":67},[49,142132,142085],{"class":71},[49,142134,68],{"class":67},[49,142136,84],{"class":63},[49,142138,87],{"class":67},[49,142140,142088],{"class":71},[49,142142,68],{"class":67},[49,142144,69068],{"class":63},[49,142146,142147,142149,142151,142153,142156,142158],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,142148,7742],{"class":122},[49,142150,126],{"class":63},[49,142152,68],{"class":67},[49,142154,142155],{"class":71},"This looks like a web URL.",[49,142157,68],{"class":67},[49,142159,335],{"class":63},[35,142161,1376],{"id":1375},[20,142163,22579,142164,109],{},[15,142165,127228],{},[591,142167,138300],{"id":142168},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142170,142171,123318],{},[15,142172,127228],{},[40,142174,142176],{"className":42,"code":142175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142177,142178,142190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142179,142180,142182,142184,142186,142188],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142181,34178],{"class":55},[49,142183,60],{"class":59},[49,142185,87],{"class":67},[49,142187,6968],{"class":71},[49,142189,301],{"class":67},[49,142191,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142193,123],{"class":122},[49,142195,126],{"class":63},[49,142197,34199],{"class":112},[49,142199,109],{"class":63},[49,142201,140936],{"class":112},[49,142203,126],{"class":63},[49,142205,68],{"class":67},[49,142207,44],{"class":71},[49,142209,68],{"class":67},[49,142211,5034],{"class":63},[49,142213,4445],{"class":134},[20,142215,38757],{},[40,142217,142219],{"className":42,"code":142218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142220,142221],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142222,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142224,123],{"class":122},[49,142226,126],{"class":63},[49,142228,34199],{"class":112},[49,142230,109],{"class":63},[49,142232,8315],{"class":112},[49,142234,8312],{"class":63},[49,142236,140936],{"class":112},[49,142238,126],{"class":63},[49,142240,68],{"class":67},[49,142242,44],{"class":71},[49,142244,68],{"class":67},[49,142246,5034],{"class":63},[49,142248,3338],{"class":134},[591,142250,29137,142252,136782],{"id":142251},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142253,127228],{},[20,142255,142256],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[40,142258,142260],{"className":42,"code":142259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142261,142262,142270,142274,142279],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142263,142264,142266,142268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142265,2115],{"class":55},[49,142267,60],{"class":59},[49,142269,124542],{"class":80},[49,142271,142272],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142273,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,142275,142276],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,142277,142278],{"class":134},"# This will cause an error:\n",[49,142280,142281],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,142282,142283],{"class":134},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142285,38757],{},[40,142287,142289],{"className":42,"code":142288,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142290,142291,142305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142292,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142294,2115],{"class":55},[49,142296,60],{"class":59},[49,142298,48404],{"class":1428},[49,142300,126],{"class":63},[49,142302,49746],{"class":80},[49,142304,335],{"class":63},[49,142306,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142308,123],{"class":122},[49,142310,126],{"class":63},[49,142312,2142],{"class":112},[49,142314,109],{"class":63},[49,142316,140936],{"class":112},[49,142318,126],{"class":63},[49,142320,68],{"class":67},[49,142322,2659],{"class":71},[49,142324,68],{"class":67},[49,142326,5034],{"class":63},[49,142328,3338],{"class":134},[591,142330,36698,142332,8379,142334],{"id":142331},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142333,127228],{},[15,142335,3555],{},[20,142337,142338,142340],{},[15,142339,127228],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142342,142343,142344,142346,142347,109],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142345,3555],{}," or methods like ",[72,142348,142349],{"href":123870},[15,142350,123855],{},[40,142352,142354],{"className":42,"code":142353,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142355,142356,142368,142372,142396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142357,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142359,34178],{"class":55},[49,142361,60],{"class":59},[49,142363,87],{"class":67},[49,142365,59910],{"class":71},[49,142367,301],{"class":67},[49,142369,142370],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142371,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,142373,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,142375,123],{"class":122},[49,142377,126],{"class":63},[49,142379,34199],{"class":112},[49,142381,109],{"class":63},[49,142383,140936],{"class":112},[49,142385,126],{"class":63},[49,142387,68],{"class":67},[49,142389,60095],{"class":71},[49,142391,68],{"class":67},[49,142393,5034],{"class":63},[49,142395,4445],{"class":134},[49,142397,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,142399,123],{"class":122},[49,142401,126],{"class":63},[49,142403,68],{"class":67},[49,142405,60095],{"class":71},[49,142407,68],{"class":67},[49,142409,20657],{"class":973},[49,142411,42339],{"class":112},[49,142413,131],{"class":63},[49,142415,142416],{"class":134},"           # True\n",[20,142418,135334,142419,109],{},[72,142420,126896],{"href":123115},[591,142422,4378,142424,1017,142426,142428],{"id":142423},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142425,35565],{},[15,142427,52162],{}," use index positions",[20,142430,142431,142432,109],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142433,1790],{},[40,142435,142437],{"className":42,"code":142436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142438,142439,142452,142456],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142440,142441,142443,142445,142447,142450],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142442,34178],{"class":55},[49,142444,60],{"class":59},[49,142446,87],{"class":67},[49,142448,142449],{"class":71},"abcdef",[49,142451,301],{"class":67},[49,142453,142454],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142455,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,142457,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,142459,123],{"class":122},[49,142461,126],{"class":63},[49,142463,34199],{"class":112},[49,142465,109],{"class":63},[49,142467,140936],{"class":112},[49,142469,126],{"class":63},[49,142471,68],{"class":67},[49,142473,142474],{"class":71},"cd",[49,142476,68],{"class":67},[49,142478,84],{"class":63},[49,142480,97],{"class":80},[49,142482,5034],{"class":63},[49,142484,3338],{"class":134},[591,142486,142488],{"id":142487},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142490,142491],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142493,16124],{},[40,142495,142497],{"className":42,"code":142496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142498,142499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142500,142501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142502,142496],{"class":134},[20,142504,16136],{},[40,142506,142508],{"className":42,"code":142507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142509,142510,142522],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142511,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142513,34178],{"class":55},[49,142515,60],{"class":59},[49,142517,87],{"class":67},[49,142519,6968],{"class":71},[49,142521,301],{"class":67},[49,142523,142524,142526,142528,142530,142532,142534,142536,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546,142549,142551,142553],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142525,123],{"class":122},[49,142527,126],{"class":63},[49,142529,34199],{"class":112},[49,142531,109],{"class":63},[49,142533,140936],{"class":112},[49,142535,5183],{"class":63},[49,142537,68],{"class":67},[49,142539,141047],{"class":71},[49,142541,68],{"class":67},[49,142543,84],{"class":63},[49,142545,87],{"class":67},[49,142547,142548],{"class":71},"Ja",[49,142550,68],{"class":67},[49,142552,50592],{"class":63},[49,142554,3338],{"class":134},[20,142556,31571],{},[40,142558,142560],{"className":42,"code":142559,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142561,142562,142572,142586,142608,142634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142563,142564,142566,142568,142570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142565,123],{"class":122},[49,142567,126],{"class":63},[49,142569,34199],{"class":112},[49,142571,335],{"class":63},[49,142573,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142575,123],{"class":122},[49,142577,126],{"class":63},[49,142579,1429],{"class":1428},[49,142581,126],{"class":63},[49,142583,34199],{"class":112},[49,142585,1436],{"class":63},[49,142587,142588,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142606],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,142589,123],{"class":122},[49,142591,126],{"class":63},[49,142593,34199],{"class":112},[49,142595,109],{"class":63},[49,142597,140936],{"class":112},[49,142599,126],{"class":63},[49,142601,68],{"class":67},[49,142603,141047],{"class":71},[49,142605,68],{"class":67},[49,142607,1436],{"class":63},[49,142609,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,142611,123],{"class":122},[49,142613,126],{"class":63},[49,142615,34199],{"class":112},[49,142617,109],{"class":63},[49,142619,8315],{"class":112},[49,142621,8312],{"class":63},[49,142623,140936],{"class":112},[49,142625,126],{"class":63},[49,142627,68],{"class":67},[49,142629,128306],{"class":71},[49,142631,68],{"class":67},[49,142633,1436],{"class":63},[49,142635,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,142637,123],{"class":122},[49,142639,126],{"class":63},[49,142641,34199],{"class":112},[49,142643,109],{"class":63},[49,142645,140936],{"class":112},[49,142647,5183],{"class":63},[49,142649,68],{"class":67},[49,142651,141047],{"class":71},[49,142653,68],{"class":67},[49,142655,84],{"class":63},[49,142657,87],{"class":67},[49,142659,142548],{"class":71},[49,142661,68],{"class":67},[49,142663,2582],{"class":63},[35,142665,1498],{"id":1497},[591,142667,1502,142669,127706],{"id":142668},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142670,127228],{},[20,142672,142673,142674,2548,142676,109],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142675,3276],{},[15,142677,3348],{},[591,142679,4842,142681,142683],{"id":142680},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142682,127228],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142685,142686],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[40,142688,142690],{"className":42,"code":142689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142691,142692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142693,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142695,34199],{"class":55},[49,142697,109],{"class":63},[49,142699,140936],{"class":112},[49,142701,5183],{"class":63},[49,142703,68],{"class":67},[49,142705,72],{"class":71},[49,142707,68],{"class":67},[49,142709,84],{"class":63},[49,142711,87],{"class":67},[49,142713,90],{"class":71},[49,142715,68],{"class":67},[49,142717,1436],{"class":63},[591,142719,14382,142721,124196],{"id":142720},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142722,127228],{},[20,142724,129389],{},[591,142726,1524,142728,1017,142730,1529],{"id":142727},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142729,127228],{},[15,142731,3555],{},[20,142733,142734,142736,142737,142739],{},[15,142735,127228],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142738,3555],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[591,142741,27815,142743,1017,142745,8379,142747,1529],{"id":142742},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142744,35565],{},[15,142746,52162],{},[15,142748,127228],{},[20,142750,142751],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[35,142753,1550],{"id":1549},[155,142755,142756,142762,142768,142774,142778],{},[158,142757,142758],{},[72,142759,125860,142760,1571],{"href":129454},[15,142761,125918],{},[158,142763,142764],{},[72,142765,125860,142766,1571],{"href":123870},[15,142767,123855],{},[158,142769,142770],{},[72,142771,125860,142772,1571],{"href":123587},[15,142773,123590],{},[158,142775,142776],{},[72,142777,124259],{"href":123115},[158,142779,142780],{},[72,142781,124615],{"href":50476},[1597,142783,142784],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":142786},[142787,142789,142790,142796,142797,142799,142800,142801,142803,142813,142825],{"id":140982,"depth":103,"text":142788},"What startswith() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":141261,"depth":103,"text":141262,"children":142791},[142792,142793,142794,142795],{"id":141099,"depth":119,"text":141099},{"id":35565,"depth":119,"text":35565},{"id":52162,"depth":119,"text":52162},{"id":141428,"depth":119,"text":141429},{"id":16899,"depth":103,"text":16900},{"id":141606,"depth":103,"text":142798},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141760,"depth":103,"text":141761},{"id":123506,"depth":103,"text":123507},{"id":142062,"depth":103,"text":142802},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":142804},[142805,142806,142808,142810,142812],{"id":142168,"depth":119,"text":138300},{"id":142251,"depth":119,"text":142807},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142331,"depth":119,"text":142809},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142423,"depth":119,"text":142811},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142487,"depth":119,"text":142488},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":142814},[142815,142817,142819,142821,142823],{"id":142668,"depth":119,"text":142816},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142680,"depth":119,"text":142818},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142720,"depth":119,"text":142820},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142727,"depth":119,"text":142822},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142742,"depth":119,"text":142824},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140882,"description":142826},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142833,"title":142834,"body":142835,"description":144289,"extension":1632,"meta":144290,"navigation":312,"path":144291,"seo":144292,"stem":144293,"__hash__":144294},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142836,"toc":144259},[142837,142842,142847,142850,142852,142896,142898,142906,142911,142916,142921,142923,142941,142943,142989,142991,143005,143014,143018,143020,143022,143034,143039,143042,143074,143076,143085,143090,143093,143134,143136,143144,143146,143159,143165,143169,143172,143188,143190,143239,143241,143250,143253,143312,143314,143323,143330,143333,143386,143388,143412,143419,143425,143429,143435,143438,143449,143451,143491,143493,143501,143503,143543,143545,143554,143556,143574,143577,143584,143595,143598,143615,143617,143694,143696,143727,143730,143732,143735,143761,143763,143803,143805,143814,143824,143832,143840,143845,143850,143852,143866,143868,143919,143921,143930,143940,143942,143944,143966,143969,144048,144050,144086,144089,144164,144169,144171,144177,144182,144187,144190,144196,144199,144206,144214,144218,144226,144228,144256],[10,142838,122860,142840,18],{"id":142839},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142841,41150],{},[20,142843,31806,142844,142846],{},[15,142845,41150],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142848,142849],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[35,142851,3281],{"id":3280},[40,142853,142855],{"className":42,"code":142854,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142856,142857,142870,142885],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142858,142859,142861,142863,142865,142868],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142860,34178],{"class":55},[49,142862,60],{"class":59},[49,142864,87],{"class":67},[49,142866,142867],{"class":71},"  hello  ",[49,142869,301],{"class":67},[49,142871,142872,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142873,142874],{"class":55},"clean_text ",[49,142876,60],{"class":59},[49,142878,42339],{"class":55},[49,142880,109],{"class":63},[49,142882,8309],{"class":112},[49,142884,116],{"class":63},[49,142886,142887,142889,142891,142894],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,142888,123],{"class":122},[49,142890,126],{"class":63},[49,142892,142893],{"class":112},"clean_text",[49,142895,335],{"class":63},[20,142897,573],{},[40,142899,142900],{"className":42,"code":138175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,142901,142902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142903,142904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142905,138175],{"class":55},[20,142907,1762,142908,142910],{},[15,142909,41150],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[35,142912,144,142914,147],{"id":142913},"what-strip-does",[15,142915,41150],{},[20,142917,142918,142920],{},[15,142919,41150],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142922,12529],{},[155,142924,142925,142929,142932,142935,142938],{},[158,142926,142927,131210],{},[15,142928,41150],{},[158,142930,142931],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[158,142933,142934],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[158,142936,142937],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[158,142939,142940],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142942,1244],{},[40,142944,142946],{"className":42,"code":142945,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142947,142948,142961,142965,142979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142949,142950,142952,142954,142956,142959],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142951,34178],{"class":55},[49,142953,60],{"class":59},[49,142955,87],{"class":67},[49,142957,142958],{"class":71},"  hello world  ",[49,142960,301],{"class":67},[49,142962,142963],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,142964,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,142966,142967,142969,142971,142973,142975,142977],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,142968,123],{"class":122},[49,142970,126],{"class":63},[49,142972,34199],{"class":112},[49,142974,109],{"class":63},[49,142976,8309],{"class":112},[49,142978,6865],{"class":63},[49,142980,142981,142983,142985,142987],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,142982,123],{"class":122},[49,142984,126],{"class":63},[49,142986,34199],{"class":112},[49,142988,335],{"class":63},[20,142990,573],{},[40,142992,142994],{"className":42,"code":142993,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142995,142996,143000],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142997,142998],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142999,133876],{"class":55},[49,143001,143002],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143003,143004],{"class":55},"  hello world\n",[20,143006,143007,143008,143010,143011,143013],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143009,41150],{},", but the original ",[15,143012,34199],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143015,124612,143016,109],{},[72,143017,124615],{"href":50476},[35,143019,189],{"id":188},[20,143021,25973],{},[155,143023,143024,143029],{},[158,143025,143026],{},[15,143027,143028],{},"string.strip()",[158,143030,143031],{},[15,143032,143033],{},"string.strip(chars)",[591,143035,143037],{"id":143036},"stringstrip",[15,143038,143028],{},[20,143040,143041],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[40,143043,143045],{"className":42,"code":143044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143046,143047,143060],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143048,143049,143051,143053,143055,143058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143050,7549],{"class":55},[49,143052,60],{"class":59},[49,143054,87],{"class":67},[49,143056,143057],{"class":71},"  Alice  ",[49,143059,301],{"class":67},[49,143061,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143063,123],{"class":122},[49,143065,126],{"class":63},[49,143067,251],{"class":112},[49,143069,109],{"class":63},[49,143071,8309],{"class":112},[49,143073,6865],{"class":63},[20,143075,573],{},[40,143077,143079],{"className":42,"code":143078,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Alice\n",[15,143080,143081],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143082,143083],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143084,143078],{"class":55},[591,143086,143088],{"id":143087},"stringstripchars",[15,143089,143033],{},[20,143091,143092],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[40,143094,143096],{"className":42,"code":143095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143097,143098,143111],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143099,143100,143102,143104,143106,143109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143101,34178],{"class":55},[49,143103,60],{"class":59},[49,143105,87],{"class":67},[49,143107,143108],{"class":71},"!!hello??",[49,143110,301],{"class":67},[49,143112,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143130,143132],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143114,123],{"class":122},[49,143116,126],{"class":63},[49,143118,34199],{"class":112},[49,143120,109],{"class":63},[49,143122,8309],{"class":112},[49,143124,126],{"class":63},[49,143126,68],{"class":67},[49,143128,143129],{"class":71},"!?",[49,143131,68],{"class":67},[49,143133,1436],{"class":63},[20,143135,573],{},[40,143137,143138],{"className":42,"code":138175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,143139,143140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143141,143142],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143143,138175],{"class":55},[20,143145,83326],{},[155,143147,143148,143153],{},[158,143149,143150,143152],{},[15,143151,134119],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[158,143154,143155,143156,143158],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143157,134119],{}," does not matter",[35,143160,143162,143163],{"id":143161},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143164,41150],{},[20,143166,30373,143167,109],{},[15,143168,41150],{},[20,143170,143171],{},"It is useful for:",[155,143173,143174,143179,143182,143185],{},[158,143175,143176,143177,3558],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143178,2628],{},[158,143180,143181],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[158,143183,143184],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[158,143186,143187],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143189,47861],{},[40,143191,143193],{"className":42,"code":143192,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143194,143195,143208,143224,143228],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143196,143197,143199,143201,143203,143206],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143198,7634],{"class":55},[49,143200,60],{"class":59},[49,143202,87],{"class":67},[49,143204,143205],{"class":71},"  sam  ",[49,143207,301],{"class":67},[49,143209,143210,143213,143215,143218,143220,143222],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143211,143212],{"class":55},"clean_username ",[49,143214,60],{"class":59},[49,143216,143217],{"class":55}," username",[49,143219,109],{"class":63},[49,143221,8309],{"class":112},[49,143223,116],{"class":63},[49,143225,143226],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,143227,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,143229,143230,143232,143234,143237],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,143231,123],{"class":122},[49,143233,126],{"class":63},[49,143235,143236],{"class":112},"clean_username",[49,143238,335],{"class":63},[20,143240,573],{},[40,143242,143244],{"className":42,"code":143243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sam\n",[15,143245,143246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143247,143248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143249,143243],{"class":55},[20,143251,143252],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[40,143254,143256],{"className":42,"code":143255,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143257,143258,143271,143275,143297],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143259,143260,143262,143264,143266,143269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143261,136103],{"class":55},[49,143263,60],{"class":59},[49,143265,87],{"class":67},[49,143267,143268],{"class":71}," yes  ",[49,143270,301],{"class":67},[49,143272,143273],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143274,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,143276,143277,143279,143281,143283,143285,143287,143289,143291,143293,143295],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,143278,6668],{"class":973},[49,143280,136123],{"class":55},[49,143282,109],{"class":63},[49,143284,8309],{"class":112},[49,143286,7037],{"class":63},[49,143288,6082],{"class":59},[49,143290,87],{"class":67},[49,143292,8332],{"class":71},[49,143294,68],{"class":67},[49,143296,6067],{"class":63},[49,143298,143299,143301,143303,143305,143308,143310],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,143300,7742],{"class":122},[49,143302,126],{"class":63},[49,143304,68],{"class":67},[49,143306,143307],{"class":71},"Matched",[49,143309,68],{"class":67},[49,143311,335],{"class":63},[20,143313,573],{},[40,143315,143317],{"className":42,"code":143316,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Matched\n",[15,143318,143319],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143320,143321],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143322,143316],{"class":55},[20,143324,143325,143326,109],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[72,143327,143329],{"href":143328},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143331,143332],{},"Example with file-style text:",[40,143334,143336],{"className":42,"code":143335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143337,143338,143354,143368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143339,143340,143343,143345,143347,143350,143352],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143341,143342],{"class":55},"line ",[49,143344,60],{"class":59},[49,143346,87],{"class":67},[49,143348,143349],{"class":71},"Python basics",[49,143351,86658],{"class":33943},[49,143353,301],{"class":67},[49,143355,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143357,123],{"class":122},[49,143359,126],{"class":63},[49,143361,41276],{"class":122},[49,143363,126],{"class":63},[49,143365,51],{"class":112},[49,143367,1436],{"class":63},[49,143369,143370,143372,143374,143376,143378,143380,143382,143384],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,143371,123],{"class":122},[49,143373,126],{"class":63},[49,143375,41276],{"class":122},[49,143377,126],{"class":63},[49,143379,51],{"class":112},[49,143381,109],{"class":63},[49,143383,8309],{"class":112},[49,143385,5963],{"class":63},[20,143387,573],{},[40,143389,143391],{"className":42,"code":143390,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143392,143393,143404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143394,143395,143397,143399,143402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143396,397],{"class":42826},[49,143398,143349],{"class":42830},[49,143400,86658],{"class":143401},"sfi6f",[49,143403,29187],{"class":42826},[49,143405,143406,143408,143410],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143407,397],{"class":42826},[49,143409,143349],{"class":42830},[49,143411,29187],{"class":42826},[20,143413,8092,143414,143416,143417,109],{},[15,143415,122074],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143418,86658],{},[20,143420,143421,143422,109],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[72,143423,143424],{"href":87311},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[35,143426,143428],{"id":143427},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143430,143431,143432,109],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143433,143434],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143436,143437],{},"Python will:",[155,143439,143440,143443,143446],{},[158,143441,143442],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[158,143444,143445],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[158,143447,143448],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143450,1244],{},[40,143452,143454],{"className":42,"code":143453,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143455,143456,143469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143457,143458,143460,143462,143464,143467],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143459,34178],{"class":55},[49,143461,60],{"class":59},[49,143463,87],{"class":67},[49,143465,143466],{"class":71},"??hello!!",[49,143468,301],{"class":67},[49,143470,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479,143481,143483,143485,143487,143489],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143472,123],{"class":122},[49,143474,126],{"class":63},[49,143476,34199],{"class":112},[49,143478,109],{"class":63},[49,143480,8309],{"class":112},[49,143482,126],{"class":63},[49,143484,68],{"class":67},[49,143486,143129],{"class":71},[49,143488,68],{"class":67},[49,143490,1436],{"class":63},[20,143492,573],{},[40,143494,143495],{"className":42,"code":138175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,143496,143497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143498,143499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143500,138175],{"class":55},[20,143502,51581],{},[40,143504,143506],{"className":42,"code":143505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143507,143508,143521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143509,143510,143512,143514,143516,143519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143511,34178],{"class":55},[49,143513,60],{"class":59},[49,143515,87],{"class":67},[49,143517,143518],{"class":71},"abcHelloCba",[49,143520,301],{"class":67},[49,143522,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531,143533,143535,143537,143539,143541],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143524,123],{"class":122},[49,143526,126],{"class":63},[49,143528,34199],{"class":112},[49,143530,109],{"class":63},[49,143532,8309],{"class":112},[49,143534,126],{"class":63},[49,143536,68],{"class":67},[49,143538,41057],{"class":71},[49,143540,68],{"class":67},[49,143542,1436],{"class":63},[20,143544,573],{},[40,143546,143548],{"className":42,"code":143547,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HelloC\n",[15,143549,143550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143551,143552],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143553,143547],{"class":55},[20,143555,5908],{},[20,143557,143558,13532,143561,143563,143564,143566,143567,1858,143569,1862,143571,143573],{},[15,143559,143560],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[30,143562,600],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143565,41057],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143568,72],{},[15,143570,90],{},[15,143572,9406],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143575,143576],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143578,143579,143580,6301],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[72,143581,143582],{"href":129441},[15,143583,124031],{},[35,143585,143587,10249,143589,10249,143592],{"id":143586},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143588,41150],{},[15,143590,143591],{},"lstrip()",[15,143593,143594],{},"rstrip()",[20,143596,143597],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[155,143599,143600,143605,143610],{},[158,143601,143602,143604],{},[15,143603,41150],{}," removes from both ends",[158,143606,143607,143609],{},[15,143608,143591],{}," removes from the left side only",[158,143611,143612,143614],{},[15,143613,143594],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143616,1244],{},[40,143618,143620],{"className":42,"code":143619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143621,143622,143634,143638,143656,143675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143623,143624,143626,143628,143630,143632],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143625,34178],{"class":55},[49,143627,60],{"class":59},[49,143629,87],{"class":67},[49,143631,142867],{"class":71},[49,143633,301],{"class":67},[49,143635,143636],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143637,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,143639,143640,143642,143644,143646,143648,143650,143652,143654],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,143641,123],{"class":122},[49,143643,126],{"class":63},[49,143645,41276],{"class":122},[49,143647,126],{"class":63},[49,143649,34199],{"class":112},[49,143651,109],{"class":63},[49,143653,8309],{"class":112},[49,143655,5963],{"class":63},[49,143657,143658,143660,143662,143664,143666,143668,143670,143673],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,143659,123],{"class":122},[49,143661,126],{"class":63},[49,143663,41276],{"class":122},[49,143665,126],{"class":63},[49,143667,34199],{"class":112},[49,143669,109],{"class":63},[49,143671,143672],{"class":112},"lstrip",[49,143674,5963],{"class":63},[49,143676,143677,143679,143681,143683,143685,143687,143689,143692],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,143678,123],{"class":122},[49,143680,126],{"class":63},[49,143682,41276],{"class":122},[49,143684,126],{"class":63},[49,143686,34199],{"class":112},[49,143688,109],{"class":63},[49,143690,143691],{"class":112},"rstrip",[49,143693,5963],{"class":63},[20,143695,573],{},[40,143697,143699],{"className":42,"code":143698,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143700,143701,143709,143718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143702,143703,143705,143707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143704,397],{"class":42826},[49,143706,3518],{"class":42830},[49,143708,29187],{"class":42826},[49,143710,143711,143713,143716],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143712,397],{"class":42826},[49,143714,143715],{"class":42830},"hello  ",[49,143717,29187],{"class":42826},[49,143719,143720,143722,143725],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,143721,397],{"class":42826},[49,143723,143724],{"class":42830},"  hello",[49,143726,29187],{"class":42826},[20,143728,143729],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[35,143731,107868],{"id":107867},[20,143733,143734],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[155,143736,143737,143745,143755,143758],{},[158,143738,143739,143741,143742,143744],{},[15,143740,143560],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143743,41026],{}," once",[158,143746,143747,143748,1858,143750,1862,143752,143754],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143749,72],{},[15,143751,90],{},[15,143753,9406],{}," from both ends",[158,143756,143757],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[158,143759,143760],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143762,1244],{},[40,143764,143766],{"className":42,"code":143765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143767,143768,143781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143769,143770,143772,143774,143776,143779],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143771,125943],{"class":55},[49,143773,60],{"class":59},[49,143775,87],{"class":67},[49,143777,143778],{"class":71},"txt_report.txt",[49,143780,301],{"class":67},[49,143782,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795,143797,143799,143801],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143784,123],{"class":122},[49,143786,126],{"class":63},[49,143788,125961],{"class":112},[49,143790,109],{"class":63},[49,143792,8309],{"class":112},[49,143794,126],{"class":63},[49,143796,68],{"class":67},[49,143798,125996],{"class":71},[49,143800,68],{"class":67},[49,143802,1436],{"class":63},[20,143804,573],{},[40,143806,143808],{"className":42,"code":143807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"_report\n",[15,143809,143810],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143811,143812],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143813,143807],{"class":55},[20,143815,143816,143817,1858,143819,1862,143821,143823],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143818,109],{},[15,143820,62791],{},[15,143822,504],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143825,53155,143826,4457,143829,143831],{},[15,143827,143828],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[30,143830,600],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143833,143834,143835,143839],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[72,143836,143837],{"href":129441},[15,143838,124031],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[35,143841,1223,143843],{"id":143842},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143844,41150],{},[20,143846,1762,143847,143849],{},[15,143848,41150],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143851,35919],{},[155,143853,143854,143858,143860,143863],{},[158,143855,143176,143856,3558],{},[15,143857,2628],{},[158,143859,143181],{},[158,143861,143862],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[158,143864,143865],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143867,1244],{},[40,143869,143871],{"className":42,"code":143870,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143872,143873,143887,143891,143904],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143874,143875,143878,143880,143882,143885],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143876,143877],{"class":55},"email ",[49,143879,60],{"class":59},[49,143881,87],{"class":67},[49,143883,143884],{"class":71},"  user@example.com  ",[49,143886,301],{"class":67},[49,143888,143889],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143890,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,143892,143893,143895,143898,143900,143902],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,143894,6668],{"class":973},[49,143896,143897],{"class":55}," email",[49,143899,109],{"class":63},[49,143901,8309],{"class":112},[49,143903,21079],{"class":63},[49,143905,143906,143908,143910,143912,143915,143917],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,143907,7742],{"class":122},[49,143909,126],{"class":63},[49,143911,68],{"class":67},[49,143913,143914],{"class":71},"Email was entered",[49,143916,68],{"class":67},[49,143918,335],{"class":63},[20,143920,573],{},[40,143922,143924],{"className":42,"code":143923,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Email was entered\n",[15,143925,143926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143927,143928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143929,143923],{"class":55},[20,143931,143932,143933,143935,143936,109],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143934,41150],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[72,143937,143938],{"href":123587},[15,143939,123590],{},[35,143941,1376],{"id":1375},[20,143943,83745],{},[155,143945,143946,143950,143955,143960],{},[158,143947,1392,143948,131080],{},[15,143949,41150],{},[158,143951,1392,143952,143954],{},[15,143953,41150],{}," to remove text from the middle",[158,143956,8092,143957,143959],{},[15,143958,143828],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[158,143961,4378,143962,143965],{},[15,143963,143964],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143967,143968],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[40,143970,143972],{"className":42,"code":143971,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143973,143974,143988,143992,144002,144016,144030],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143975,143976,143978,143980,143982,143984,143986],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143977,34178],{"class":55},[49,143979,60],{"class":59},[49,143981,87],{"class":67},[49,143983,143724],{"class":71},[49,143985,86658],{"class":33943},[49,143987,301],{"class":67},[49,143989,143990],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,143991,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,143993,143994,143996,143998,144000],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,143995,123],{"class":122},[49,143997,126],{"class":63},[49,143999,34199],{"class":112},[49,144001,335],{"class":63},[49,144003,144004,144006,144008,144010,144012,144014],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,144005,123],{"class":122},[49,144007,126],{"class":63},[49,144009,41276],{"class":122},[49,144011,126],{"class":63},[49,144013,34199],{"class":112},[49,144015,1436],{"class":63},[49,144017,144018,144020,144022,144024,144026,144028],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,144019,123],{"class":122},[49,144021,126],{"class":63},[49,144023,34199],{"class":112},[49,144025,109],{"class":63},[49,144027,8309],{"class":112},[49,144029,6865],{"class":63},[49,144031,144032,144034,144036,144038,144040,144042,144044,144046],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,144033,123],{"class":122},[49,144035,126],{"class":63},[49,144037,41276],{"class":122},[49,144039,126],{"class":63},[49,144041,34199],{"class":112},[49,144043,109],{"class":63},[49,144045,8309],{"class":112},[49,144047,5963],{"class":63},[20,144049,573],{},[40,144051,144053],{"className":42,"code":144052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144054,144055,144060,144064,144074,144078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144056,144057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144058,144059],{"class":55},"  hello\n",[49,144061,144062],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144063,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,144065,144066,144068,144070,144072],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144067,397],{"class":42826},[49,144069,143724],{"class":42830},[49,144071,86658],{"class":143401},[49,144073,29187],{"class":42826},[49,144075,144076],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,144077,138175],{"class":55},[49,144079,144080,144082,144084],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,144081,397],{"class":42826},[49,144083,3518],{"class":42830},[49,144085,29187],{"class":42826},[20,144087,144088],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[40,144090,144092],{"className":42,"code":144091,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144093,144094,144104,144118,144132,144150],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144095,144096,144098,144100,144102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144097,123],{"class":122},[49,144099,126],{"class":63},[49,144101,34199],{"class":112},[49,144103,335],{"class":63},[49,144105,144106,144108,144110,144112,144114,144116],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144107,123],{"class":122},[49,144109,126],{"class":63},[49,144111,41276],{"class":122},[49,144113,126],{"class":63},[49,144115,34199],{"class":112},[49,144117,1436],{"class":63},[49,144119,144120,144122,144124,144126,144128,144130],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144121,123],{"class":122},[49,144123,126],{"class":63},[49,144125,34199],{"class":112},[49,144127,109],{"class":63},[49,144129,8309],{"class":112},[49,144131,6865],{"class":63},[49,144133,144134,144136,144138,144140,144142,144144,144146,144148],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,144135,123],{"class":122},[49,144137,126],{"class":63},[49,144139,41276],{"class":122},[49,144141,126],{"class":63},[49,144143,34199],{"class":112},[49,144145,109],{"class":63},[49,144147,8309],{"class":112},[49,144149,5963],{"class":63},[49,144151,144152,144154,144156,144158,144160,144162],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,144153,31641],{"class":122},[49,144155,126],{"class":63},[49,144157,3114],{"class":1428},[49,144159,109],{"class":63},[49,144161,8309],{"class":24235},[49,144163,335],{"class":63},[20,144165,144166,144168],{},[15,144167,122074],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[35,144170,1498],{"id":1497},[591,144172,1502,144174,144176],{"id":144173},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144175,41150],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144178,45864,144179,144181],{},[15,144180,41150],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[591,144183,1502,144185,124187],{"id":144184},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144186,41150],{},[20,144188,144189],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[591,144191,1512,144193,144195],{"id":144192},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144194,41150],{}," remove by default?",[20,144197,144198],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[591,144200,33695,144202,33698,144204,1529],{"id":144201},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144203,41150],{},[15,144205,124031],{},[20,144207,144208,144210,144211,144213],{},[15,144209,41150],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144212,124031],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[591,144215,144217],{"id":144216},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144219,127733,144220,144222,144223,144225],{},[15,144221,143591],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144224,143594],{}," for the right side.",[35,144227,1550],{"id":1549},[155,144229,144230,144236,144242,144247,144252],{},[158,144231,144232],{},[72,144233,125860,144234,1571],{"href":123587},[15,144235,123590],{},[158,144237,144238],{},[72,144239,125860,144240,1571],{"href":129441},[15,144241,124031],{},[158,144243,144244],{},[72,144245,144246],{"href":143328},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[158,144248,144249],{},[72,144250,144251],{"href":87311},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[158,144253,144254],{},[72,144255,124615],{"href":50476},[1597,144257,144258],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":144260},[144261,144262,144264,144268,144270,144271,144273,144274,144276,144277,144288],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":142913,"depth":103,"text":144263},"What strip() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":144265},[144266,144267],{"id":143036,"depth":119,"text":143028},{"id":143087,"depth":119,"text":143033},{"id":143161,"depth":103,"text":144269},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143427,"depth":103,"text":143428},{"id":143586,"depth":103,"text":144272},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107867,"depth":103,"text":107868},{"id":143842,"depth":103,"text":144275},"When to use strip()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":144278},[144279,144281,144283,144285,144287],{"id":144173,"depth":119,"text":144280},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144184,"depth":119,"text":144282},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144192,"depth":119,"text":144284},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144201,"depth":119,"text":144286},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144216,"depth":119,"text":144217},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142834,"description":144289},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144296,"title":144297,"body":144298,"description":145478,"extension":1632,"meta":145479,"navigation":312,"path":145480,"seo":145481,"stem":145482,"__hash__":145483},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144299,"toc":145448},[144300,144305,144310,144315,144317,144363,144371,144376,144390,144396,144398,144400,144415,144417,144427,144430,144461,144464,144487,144489,144492,144549,144551,144565,144567,144581,144587,144592,144595,144636,144638,144647,144655,144658,144703,144705,144714,144717,144721,144726,144740,144742,144774,144776,144796,144799,144804,144809,144811,144822,144825,144882,144884,144892,144901,144903,144905,144911,144913,144950,144952,144960,144962,145003,145005,145014,145019,145024,145026,145053,145060,145063,145094,145096,145105,145111,145120,145151,145153,145165,145178,145182,145187,145217,145219,145286,145288,145298,145300,145305,145308,145313,145318,145322,145328,145334,145337,145339,145397,145399,145407,145409,145445],[10,144301,122860,144303,18],{"id":144302},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144304,127738],{},[20,144306,122865,144307,144309],{},[15,144308,127738],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144311,84122,144312,144314],{},[15,144313,127738],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[35,144316,38],{"id":37},[40,144318,144320],{"className":42,"code":144319,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144321,144322,144334,144348,144358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144323,144324,144326,144328,144330,144332],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144325,34178],{"class":55},[49,144327,60],{"class":59},[49,144329,87],{"class":67},[49,144331,128579],{"class":71},[49,144333,301],{"class":67},[49,144335,144336,144338,144340,144342,144344,144346],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144337,534],{"class":55},[49,144339,60],{"class":59},[49,144341,42339],{"class":55},[49,144343,109],{"class":63},[49,144345,33968],{"class":112},[49,144347,116],{"class":63},[49,144349,144350,144352,144354,144356],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144351,123],{"class":122},[49,144353,126],{"class":63},[49,144355,558],{"class":112},[49,144357,335],{"class":63},[49,144359,144360],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,144361,144362],{"class":134},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144364,144365,144367,144368,144370],{},[15,144366,127738],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[30,144369,600],{}," change the original string in place.",[35,144372,144,144374,147],{"id":144373},"what-upper-does",[15,144375,127738],{},[155,144377,144378,144383,144386,144388],{},[158,144379,144380,144382],{},[15,144381,127738],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[158,144384,144385],{},"It works on string values only",[158,144387,133108],{},[158,144389,135826],{},[20,144391,124612,144392,2548,144394,109],{},[72,144393,135832],{"href":135831},[72,144395,124615],{"href":50476},[35,144397,189],{"id":188},[20,144399,1830],{},[40,144401,144403],{"className":42,"code":144402,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.upper()\n",[15,144404,144405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144406,144407,144409,144411,144413],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144408,60678],{"class":55},[49,144410,109],{"class":63},[49,144412,33968],{"class":112},[49,144414,116],{"class":63},[20,144416,208],{},[155,144418,144419,144421,144424],{},[158,144420,97033],{},[158,144422,144423],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[158,144425,144426],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144428,144429],{},"Example with a variable:",[40,144431,144433],{"className":42,"code":144432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144434,144435,144447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144436,144437,144439,144441,144443,144445],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144438,7549],{"class":55},[49,144440,60],{"class":59},[49,144442,87],{"class":67},[49,144444,44],{"class":71},[49,144446,301],{"class":67},[49,144448,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457,144459],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144450,123],{"class":122},[49,144452,126],{"class":63},[49,144454,251],{"class":112},[49,144456,109],{"class":63},[49,144458,33968],{"class":112},[49,144460,6865],{"class":63},[20,144462,144463],{},"Example with a string literal:",[40,144465,144467],{"className":42,"code":144466,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144468,144469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144470,144471,144473,144475,144477,144479,144481,144483,144485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144472,123],{"class":122},[49,144474,126],{"class":63},[49,144476,68],{"class":67},[49,144478,3518],{"class":71},[49,144480,68],{"class":67},[49,144482,109],{"class":63},[49,144484,33968],{"class":112},[49,144486,6865],{"class":63},[35,144488,225],{"id":224},[20,144490,144491],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[40,144493,144495],{"className":42,"code":144494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144496,144497,144509,144524,144528,144538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144498,144499,144501,144503,144505,144507],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144500,5827],{"class":55},[49,144502,60],{"class":59},[49,144504,87],{"class":67},[49,144506,3760],{"class":71},[49,144508,301],{"class":67},[49,144510,144511,144514,144516,144518,144520,144522],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144512,144513],{"class":55},"uppercase_word ",[49,144515,60],{"class":59},[49,144517,37876],{"class":55},[49,144519,109],{"class":63},[49,144521,33968],{"class":112},[49,144523,116],{"class":63},[49,144525,144526],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144527,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,144529,144530,144532,144534,144536],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,144531,123],{"class":122},[49,144533,126],{"class":63},[49,144535,37886],{"class":112},[49,144537,335],{"class":63},[49,144539,144540,144542,144544,144547],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,144541,123],{"class":122},[49,144543,126],{"class":63},[49,144545,144546],{"class":112},"uppercase_word",[49,144548,335],{"class":63},[20,144550,573],{},[40,144552,144554],{"className":42,"code":144553,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144555,144556,144560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144557,144558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144559,69911],{"class":55},[49,144561,144562],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144563,144564],{"class":33943},"BANANA\n",[20,144566,111974],{},[155,144568,144569,144574],{},[158,144570,144571,144573],{},[15,144572,37886],{}," keeps its original value",[158,144575,144576,144578,144579],{},[15,144577,144546],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144580,127738],{},[35,144582,144584,144586],{"id":144583},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144585,127738],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144588,136492,144589,144591],{},[30,144590,136495],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144593,144594],{},"So this method:",[40,144596,144598],{"className":42,"code":144597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144599,144600,144612,144622,144626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144601,144602,144604,144606,144608,144610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144603,7549],{"class":55},[49,144605,60],{"class":59},[49,144607,87],{"class":67},[49,144609,17285],{"class":71},[49,144611,301],{"class":67},[49,144613,144614,144616,144618,144620],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144615,251],{"class":55},[49,144617,109],{"class":63},[49,144619,33968],{"class":112},[49,144621,116],{"class":63},[49,144623,144624],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144625,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,144627,144628,144630,144632,144634],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,144629,123],{"class":122},[49,144631,126],{"class":63},[49,144633,251],{"class":112},[49,144635,335],{"class":63},[20,144637,573],{},[40,144639,144641],{"className":42,"code":144640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"alice\n",[15,144642,144643],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144644,144645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144646,144640],{"class":55},[20,144648,20461,144649,144651,144652,144654],{},[15,144650,127738],{}," was called, ",[15,144653,251],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144656,144657],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[40,144659,144661],{"className":42,"code":144660,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144662,144663,144675,144689,144693],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144664,144665,144667,144669,144671,144673],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144666,7549],{"class":55},[49,144668,60],{"class":59},[49,144670,87],{"class":67},[49,144672,17285],{"class":71},[49,144674,301],{"class":67},[49,144676,144677,144679,144681,144683,144685,144687],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144678,7549],{"class":55},[49,144680,60],{"class":59},[49,144682,35484],{"class":55},[49,144684,109],{"class":63},[49,144686,33968],{"class":112},[49,144688,116],{"class":63},[49,144690,144691],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144692,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,144694,144695,144697,144699,144701],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,144696,123],{"class":122},[49,144698,126],{"class":63},[49,144700,251],{"class":112},[49,144702,335],{"class":63},[20,144704,573],{},[40,144706,144708],{"className":42,"code":144707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ALICE\n",[15,144709,144710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144711,144712],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144713,144707],{"class":33943},[20,144715,144716],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[35,144718,144720],{"id":144719},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144722,144723,144725],{},[15,144724,127738],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[155,144727,144728,144731,144734,144737],{},[158,144729,144730],{},"Numbers stay the same",[158,144732,144733],{},"Spaces stay the same",[158,144735,144736],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[158,144738,144739],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144741,1244],{},[40,144743,144745],{"className":42,"code":144744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144746,144747,144760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144748,144749,144751,144753,144755,144758],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144750,34178],{"class":55},[49,144752,60],{"class":59},[49,144754,87],{"class":67},[49,144756,144757],{"class":71},"Room 7, table #3!",[49,144759,301],{"class":67},[49,144761,144762,144764,144766,144768,144770,144772],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144763,123],{"class":122},[49,144765,126],{"class":63},[49,144767,34199],{"class":112},[49,144769,109],{"class":63},[49,144771,33968],{"class":112},[49,144773,6865],{"class":63},[20,144775,573],{},[40,144777,144779],{"className":42,"code":144778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144780,144781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144782,144783,144786,144788,144790,144793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144784,144785],{"class":33943},"ROOM",[49,144787,5666],{"class":80},[49,144789,84],{"class":63},[49,144791,144792],{"class":33943}," TABLE",[49,144794,144795],{"class":134}," #3!\n",[20,144797,144798],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[35,144800,1223,144802],{"id":144801},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144803,127738],{},[20,144805,144806,144808],{},[15,144807,127738],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144810,47839],{},[155,144812,144813,144816,144819],{},[158,144814,144815],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[158,144817,144818],{},"Format labels or headings",[158,144820,144821],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144823,144824],{},"Example: simple comparison",[40,144826,144828],{"className":42,"code":144827,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144829,144830,144842,144846,144868],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144831,144832,144834,144836,144838,144840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144833,136103],{"class":55},[49,144835,60],{"class":59},[49,144837,87],{"class":67},[49,144839,8332],{"class":71},[49,144841,301],{"class":67},[49,144843,144844],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144845,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,144847,144848,144850,144852,144854,144856,144858,144860,144862,144864,144866],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144849,6668],{"class":973},[49,144851,136123],{"class":55},[49,144853,109],{"class":63},[49,144855,33968],{"class":112},[49,144857,7037],{"class":63},[49,144859,6082],{"class":59},[49,144861,87],{"class":67},[49,144863,136110],{"class":71},[49,144865,68],{"class":67},[49,144867,6067],{"class":63},[49,144869,144870,144872,144874,144876,144878,144880],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,144871,7742],{"class":122},[49,144873,126],{"class":63},[49,144875,68],{"class":67},[49,144877,143307],{"class":71},[49,144879,68],{"class":67},[49,144881,335],{"class":63},[20,144883,573],{},[40,144885,144886],{"className":42,"code":143316,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,144887,144888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144889,144890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144891,143316],{"class":55},[20,144893,144894,144895,1858,144897,1862,144899,109],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144896,8332],{},[15,144898,136896],{},[15,144900,136110],{},[35,144902,1376],{"id":1375},[591,144904,95394],{"id":95393},[20,144906,7790,144907,144910],{},[15,144908,144909],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144912,16124],{},[40,144914,144916],{"className":42,"code":144915,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144917,144918,144930,144940],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144919,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144921,34178],{"class":55},[49,144923,60],{"class":59},[49,144925,87],{"class":67},[49,144927,3518],{"class":71},[49,144929,301],{"class":67},[49,144931,144932,144934,144936,144938],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144933,34199],{"class":55},[49,144935,109],{"class":63},[49,144937,33968],{"class":112},[49,144939,116],{"class":63},[49,144941,144942,144944,144946,144948],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144943,123],{"class":122},[49,144945,126],{"class":63},[49,144947,34199],{"class":112},[49,144949,335],{"class":63},[20,144951,573],{},[40,144953,144954],{"className":42,"code":138175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,144955,144956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144957,144958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144959,138175],{"class":55},[20,144961,16136],{},[40,144963,144965],{"className":42,"code":144964,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144966,144967,144979,144993],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144968,144969,144971,144973,144975,144977],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144970,34178],{"class":55},[49,144972,60],{"class":59},[49,144974,87],{"class":67},[49,144976,3518],{"class":71},[49,144978,301],{"class":67},[49,144980,144981,144983,144985,144987,144989,144991],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,144982,34178],{"class":55},[49,144984,60],{"class":59},[49,144986,42339],{"class":55},[49,144988,109],{"class":63},[49,144990,33968],{"class":112},[49,144992,116],{"class":63},[49,144994,144995,144997,144999,145001],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,144996,123],{"class":122},[49,144998,126],{"class":63},[49,145000,34199],{"class":112},[49,145002,335],{"class":63},[20,145004,573],{},[40,145006,145008],{"className":42,"code":145007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HELLO\n",[15,145009,145010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145011,145012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145013,145007],{"class":33943},[591,145015,18390,145017,136782],{"id":145016},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145018,127738],{},[20,145020,145021,145023],{},[15,145022,127738],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145025,1244],{},[40,145027,145029],{"className":42,"code":145028,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145030,145031,145039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145032,145033,145035,145037],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145034,1886],{"class":55},[49,145036,60],{"class":59},[49,145038,124542],{"class":80},[49,145040,145041,145043,145045,145047,145049,145051],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145042,123],{"class":122},[49,145044,126],{"class":63},[49,145046,1908],{"class":112},[49,145048,109],{"class":63},[49,145050,33968],{"class":112},[49,145052,6865],{"class":63},[20,145054,39149,145055,145057,145058,33090],{},[15,145056,1857],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145059,127738],{},[20,145061,145062],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[40,145064,145066],{"className":42,"code":145065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145067,145068,145076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145069,145070,145072,145074],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145071,1886],{"class":55},[49,145073,60],{"class":59},[49,145075,124542],{"class":80},[49,145077,145078,145080,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090,145092],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145079,123],{"class":122},[49,145081,126],{"class":63},[49,145083,3114],{"class":1428},[49,145085,126],{"class":63},[49,145087,1908],{"class":112},[49,145089,8306],{"class":63},[49,145091,33968],{"class":112},[49,145093,6865],{"class":63},[20,145095,573],{},[40,145097,145099],{"className":42,"code":145098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"123\n",[15,145100,145101],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145102,145103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145104,145098],{"class":80},[591,145106,36698,145108,145110],{"id":145107},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145109,127738],{}," with title case",[20,145112,145113,145115,145116,145119],{},[15,145114,127738],{}," makes ",[30,145117,145118],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[40,145121,145123],{"className":42,"code":145122,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145124,145125,145137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145126,145127,145129,145131,145133,145135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145128,34178],{"class":55},[49,145130,60],{"class":59},[49,145132,87],{"class":67},[49,145134,59910],{"class":71},[49,145136,301],{"class":67},[49,145138,145139,145141,145143,145145,145147,145149],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145140,123],{"class":122},[49,145142,126],{"class":63},[49,145144,34199],{"class":112},[49,145146,109],{"class":63},[49,145148,33968],{"class":112},[49,145150,6865],{"class":63},[20,145152,573],{},[40,145154,145156],{"className":42,"code":145155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145157,145158],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145159,145160,145162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145161,135884],{"class":33943},[49,145163,145164],{"class":33943}," WORLD\n",[20,145166,145167,145168,145172,145173,145177],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[72,145169,145170],{"href":123587},[15,145171,123590],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[72,145174,145175],{"href":129441},[15,145176,124031],{}," changes parts of a string.",[35,145179,145181],{"id":145180},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145183,145184,145185,77],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145186,127738],{},[155,145188,145189,145196,145203,145210],{},[158,145190,145191,145195],{},[72,145192,145193],{"href":123587},[15,145194,123590],{}," for lowercase text",[158,145197,145198,145202],{},[72,145199,145200],{"href":136430},[15,145201,41150],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[158,145204,145205,145209],{},[72,145206,145207],{"href":129441},[15,145208,124031],{}," for changing parts of a string",[158,145211,145212,1017,145214,145216],{},[15,145213,127228],{},[15,145215,125918],{}," for checks",[20,145218,1244],{},[40,145220,145222],{"className":42,"code":145221,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145223,145224,145236,145240,145255,145271,145275],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145225,145226,145228,145230,145232,145234],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145227,34178],{"class":55},[49,145229,60],{"class":59},[49,145231,87],{"class":67},[49,145233,142958],{"class":71},[49,145235,301],{"class":67},[49,145237,145238],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145239,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,145241,145242,145245,145247,145249,145251,145253],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,145243,145244],{"class":55},"cleaned ",[49,145246,60],{"class":59},[49,145248,42339],{"class":55},[49,145250,109],{"class":63},[49,145252,8309],{"class":112},[49,145254,116],{"class":63},[49,145256,145257,145260,145262,145265,145267,145269],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,145258,145259],{"class":55},"loud ",[49,145261,60],{"class":59},[49,145263,145264],{"class":55}," cleaned",[49,145266,109],{"class":63},[49,145268,33968],{"class":112},[49,145270,116],{"class":63},[49,145272,145273],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,145274,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,145276,145277,145279,145281,145284],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,145278,123],{"class":122},[49,145280,126],{"class":63},[49,145282,145283],{"class":112},"loud",[49,145285,335],{"class":63},[20,145287,573],{},[40,145289,145290],{"className":42,"code":145155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145291,145292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145293,145294,145296],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145295,135884],{"class":33943},[49,145297,145164],{"class":33943},[35,145299,1498],{"id":1497},[591,145301,1502,145303,124187],{"id":145302},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145304,127738],{},[20,145306,145307],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[591,145309,1502,145311,137164],{"id":145310},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145312,127738],{},[20,145314,145315,145316,109],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145317,144909],{},[591,145319,145321],{"id":145320},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145323,145324,145325,145327],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145326,127738],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[591,145329,27815,145331,145333],{"id":145330},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145332,127738],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145335,145336],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145338,1244],{},[40,145340,145342],{"className":42,"code":145341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145343,145344,145356,145369,145373],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145345,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145347,2224],{"class":55},[49,145349,60],{"class":59},[49,145351,87],{"class":67},[49,145353,44],{"class":71},[49,145355,301],{"class":67},[49,145357,145358,145360,145362,145364,145367],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145359,2252],{"class":55},[49,145361,60],{"class":59},[49,145363,87],{"class":67},[49,145365,145366],{"class":71},"PYTHON",[49,145368,301],{"class":67},[49,145370,145371],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,145372,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,145374,145375,145377,145379,145381,145383,145385,145387,145389,145391,145393,145395],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,145376,123],{"class":122},[49,145378,126],{"class":63},[49,145380,72],{"class":112},[49,145382,109],{"class":63},[49,145384,33968],{"class":112},[49,145386,7037],{"class":63},[49,145388,6082],{"class":59},[49,145390,2229],{"class":112},[49,145392,109],{"class":63},[49,145394,33968],{"class":112},[49,145396,6865],{"class":63},[20,145398,573],{},[40,145400,145401],{"className":42,"code":1007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145402,145403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145404,145405],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145406,1007],{"class":583},[35,145408,1550],{"id":1549},[155,145410,145411,145415,145421,145427,145433,145437,145441],{},[158,145412,145413],{},[72,145414,124615],{"href":50476},[158,145416,145417],{},[72,145418,125860,145419,1571],{"href":123587},[15,145420,123590],{},[158,145422,145423],{},[72,145424,125860,145425,1571],{"href":136430},[15,145426,41150],{},[158,145428,145429],{},[72,145430,125860,145431,1571],{"href":129441},[15,145432,124031],{},[158,145434,145435],{},[72,145436,90188],{"href":89197},[158,145438,145439],{},[72,145440,124259],{"href":123115},[158,145442,145443],{},[72,145444,137250],{"href":135831},[1597,145446,145447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":145449},[145450,145451,145453,145454,145455,145457,145458,145460,145467,145468,145477],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":144373,"depth":103,"text":145452},"What upper() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":144583,"depth":103,"text":145456},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144719,"depth":103,"text":144720},{"id":144801,"depth":103,"text":145459},"When to use upper()",{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":145461},[145462,145463,145465],{"id":95393,"depth":119,"text":95394},{"id":145016,"depth":119,"text":145464},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145107,"depth":119,"text":145466},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145180,"depth":103,"text":145181},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":145469},[145470,145472,145474,145475],{"id":145302,"depth":119,"text":145471},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145310,"depth":119,"text":145473},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145320,"depth":119,"text":145321},{"id":145330,"depth":119,"text":145476},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144297,"description":145478},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145485,"title":145486,"body":145487,"description":147364,"extension":1632,"meta":147365,"navigation":312,"path":147366,"seo":147367,"stem":147368,"__hash__":147369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145488,"toc":147314},[145489,145495,145502,145508,145510,145566,145571,145576,145581,145584,145603,145606,145608,145632,145650,145661,145663,145666,145719,145721,145729,145731,145749,145754,145757,145814,145816,145825,145828,145848,145851,145857,145862,145864,145907,145909,145917,145920,145961,145963,145972,145978,145984,146011,146013,146021,146026,146030,146042,146085,146087,146095,146100,146106,146111,146115,146117,146160,146163,146210,146212,146221,146228,146232,146235,146281,146286,146290,146292,146335,146338,146346,146348,146353,146355,146357,146376,146379,146391,146393,146412,146414,146422,146426,146428,146479,146482,146557,146559,146567,146570,146574,146576,146623,146626,146697,146699,146707,146713,146715,146790,146794,146873,146875,146883,146889,146895,146900,146905,146954,146958,147029,147032,147037,147048,147051,147062,147072,147074,147079,147104,147109,147190,147192,147217,147219,147224,147227,147233,147242,147248,147251,147257,147263,147270,147273,147275,147311],[10,145490,3247,145492,3251],{"id":145491},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145493,145494],{},"sum()",[20,145496,8798,145497,145499,145500,24249],{},[15,145498,145494],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145501,59502],{},[20,145503,145504,145505,145507],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145506,35565],{}," value and a few important limits.",[35,145509,38],{"id":37},[40,145511,145513],{"className":42,"code":145512,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145514,145515,145539,145554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145516,145517,145519,145521,145523,145525,145527,145529,145531,145533,145535,145537],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145518,3291],{"class":55},[49,145520,60],{"class":59},[49,145522,3296],{"class":63},[49,145524,2659],{"class":80},[49,145526,84],{"class":63},[49,145528,97],{"class":80},[49,145530,84],{"class":63},[49,145532,2120],{"class":80},[49,145534,84],{"class":63},[49,145536,2126],{"class":80},[49,145538,3309],{"class":63},[49,145540,145541,145543,145545,145548,145550,145552],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145542,40679],{"class":55},[49,145544,60],{"class":59},[49,145546,145547],{"class":122}," sum",[49,145549,126],{"class":63},[49,145551,3323],{"class":112},[49,145553,335],{"class":63},[49,145555,145556,145558,145560,145562,145564],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,145557,123],{"class":122},[49,145559,126],{"class":63},[49,145561,40708],{"class":112},[49,145563,131],{"class":63},[49,145565,26281],{"class":134},[20,145567,1762,145568,145570],{},[15,145569,145494],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[35,145572,144,145574,147],{"id":145573},"what-sum-does",[15,145575,145494],{},[20,145577,145578,145580],{},[15,145579,145494],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145582,145583],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[155,145585,145586,145589,145592,145597],{},[158,145587,145588],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[158,145590,145591],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[158,145593,145594,145595],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145596,35691],{},[158,145598,145599,145600,145602],{},"Counting ",[15,145601,3276],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145604,145605],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[35,145607,189],{"id":188},[40,145609,145611],{"className":42,"code":145610,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145612,145613],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145614,145615,145618,145620,145622,145624,145626,145628,145630],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145616,145617],{"class":122},"sum",[49,145619,126],{"class":63},[49,145621,3394],{"class":112},[49,145623,84],{"class":63},[49,145625,35544],{"class":8847},[49,145627,60],{"class":59},[49,145629,1790],{"class":80},[49,145631,335],{"class":63},[155,145633,145634,145639,145644],{},[158,145635,145636,145638],{},[15,145637,3394],{}," is the group of values to add",[158,145640,145641,145643],{},[15,145642,35565],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[158,145645,145646,145647],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145648,145649],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145651,145652,145653,145656,145657,109],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145654,145655,3394],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[72,145658,145659,24102],{"href":35688},[15,145660,35691],{},[35,145662,225],{"id":224},[20,145664,145665],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[40,145667,145669],{"className":42,"code":145668,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145670,145671,145691,145705,145709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145672,145673,145675,145677,145679,145681,145683,145685,145687,145689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145674,3291],{"class":55},[49,145676,60],{"class":59},[49,145678,3296],{"class":63},[49,145680,1807],{"class":80},[49,145682,84],{"class":63},[49,145684,5677],{"class":80},[49,145686,84],{"class":63},[49,145688,37431],{"class":80},[49,145690,3309],{"class":63},[49,145692,145693,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145694,40679],{"class":55},[49,145696,60],{"class":59},[49,145698,145547],{"class":122},[49,145700,126],{"class":63},[49,145702,3323],{"class":112},[49,145704,335],{"class":63},[49,145706,145707],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,145708,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,145710,145711,145713,145715,145717],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,145712,123],{"class":122},[49,145714,126],{"class":63},[49,145716,40708],{"class":112},[49,145718,335],{"class":63},[20,145720,573],{},[40,145722,145723],{"className":42,"code":69345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145724,145725],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145726,145727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145728,69345],{"class":80},[20,145730,453],{},[155,145732,145733,145738,145744],{},[158,145734,145735,145737],{},[15,145736,3323],{}," contains three integers",[158,145739,145740,145743],{},[15,145741,145742],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[158,145745,145746,145747],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145748,40708],{},[35,145750,36106,145752,8108],{"id":145751},"using-the-start-value",[15,145753,35565],{},[20,145755,145756],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[40,145758,145760],{"className":42,"code":145759,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145761,145762,145782,145800,145804],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145763,145764,145766,145768,145770,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145765,3291],{"class":55},[49,145767,60],{"class":59},[49,145769,3296],{"class":63},[49,145771,2659],{"class":80},[49,145773,84],{"class":63},[49,145775,97],{"class":80},[49,145777,84],{"class":63},[49,145779,2120],{"class":80},[49,145781,3309],{"class":63},[49,145783,145784,145786,145788,145790,145792,145794,145796,145798],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145785,40679],{"class":55},[49,145787,60],{"class":59},[49,145789,145547],{"class":122},[49,145791,126],{"class":63},[49,145793,3323],{"class":112},[49,145795,84],{"class":63},[49,145797,5677],{"class":80},[49,145799,335],{"class":63},[49,145801,145802],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,145803,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,145805,145806,145808,145810,145812],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,145807,123],{"class":122},[49,145809,126],{"class":63},[49,145811,40708],{"class":112},[49,145813,335],{"class":63},[20,145815,573],{},[40,145817,145819],{"className":42,"code":145818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"16\n",[15,145820,145821],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145822,145823],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145824,145818],{"class":80},[20,145826,145827],{},"This works like:",[155,145829,145830,145835,145840,145844],{},[158,145831,145832,145833],{},"Start at ",[15,145834,1999],{},[158,145836,145837,145838],{},"Add ",[15,145839,2659],{},[158,145841,145837,145842],{},[15,145843,1725],{},[158,145845,145837,145846],{},[15,145847,1731],{},[20,145849,145850],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[35,145852,144,145854,145856],{"id":145853},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145855,145494],{}," can work with",[20,145858,145859,145861],{},[15,145860,145494],{}," works with numeric values.",[591,145863,39921],{"id":39920},[40,145865,145867],{"className":42,"code":145866,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145868,145869,145893],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145870,145871,145873,145875,145877,145879,145881,145883,145885,145887,145889,145891],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145872,3495],{"class":55},[49,145874,60],{"class":59},[49,145876,3296],{"class":63},[49,145878,2659],{"class":80},[49,145880,84],{"class":63},[49,145882,97],{"class":80},[49,145884,84],{"class":63},[49,145886,2120],{"class":80},[49,145888,84],{"class":63},[49,145890,2126],{"class":80},[49,145892,3309],{"class":63},[49,145894,145895,145897,145899,145901,145903,145905],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145896,123],{"class":122},[49,145898,126],{"class":63},[49,145900,145617],{"class":122},[49,145902,126],{"class":63},[49,145904,5031],{"class":112},[49,145906,1436],{"class":63},[20,145908,573],{},[40,145910,145911],{"className":42,"code":2045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145912,145913],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145914,145915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145916,2045],{"class":80},[591,145918,145919],{"id":51547},"Floats",[40,145921,145923],{"className":42,"code":145922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145924,145925,145947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145926,145927,145929,145931,145933,145935,145937,145940,145942,145945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145928,82553],{"class":55},[49,145930,60],{"class":59},[49,145932,3296],{"class":63},[49,145934,40655],{"class":80},[49,145936,84],{"class":63},[49,145938,145939],{"class":80}," 3.75",[49,145941,84],{"class":63},[49,145943,145944],{"class":80}," 1.25",[49,145946,3309],{"class":63},[49,145948,145949,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,145950,123],{"class":122},[49,145952,126],{"class":63},[49,145954,145617],{"class":122},[49,145956,126],{"class":63},[49,145958,82589],{"class":112},[49,145960,1436],{"class":63},[20,145962,573],{},[40,145964,145966],{"className":42,"code":145965,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.5\n",[15,145967,145968],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145969,145970],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145971,145965],{"class":80},[20,145973,145974,145975,109],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[72,145976,145977],{"href":2087},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[591,145979,145981,145982],{"id":145980},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145983,35691],{},[40,145985,145987],{"className":42,"code":145986,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145988,145989],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145990,145991,145993,145995,145997,145999,146001,146003,146005,146007,146009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145992,123],{"class":122},[49,145994,126],{"class":63},[49,145996,145617],{"class":122},[49,145998,126],{"class":63},[49,146000,59502],{"class":122},[49,146002,126],{"class":63},[49,146004,2659],{"class":80},[49,146006,84],{"class":63},[49,146008,37138],{"class":80},[49,146010,2582],{"class":63},[20,146012,573],{},[40,146014,146015],{"className":42,"code":46540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146016,146017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146018,146019],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146020,46540],{"class":80},[20,146022,113064,146023,109],{},[15,146024,146025],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[591,146027,146029],{"id":146028},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146031,146032,146033,146035,146036,1017,146038,146035,146040,109],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146034,3276],{}," acts like ",[15,146037,2659],{},[15,146039,3348],{},[15,146041,1790],{},[40,146043,146045],{"className":42,"code":146044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146046,146047,146071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146048,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059,146061,146063,146065,146067,146069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146050,51467],{"class":55},[49,146052,60],{"class":59},[49,146054,3296],{"class":63},[49,146056,3276],{"class":583},[49,146058,84],{"class":63},[49,146060,3580],{"class":583},[49,146062,84],{"class":63},[49,146064,3589],{"class":583},[49,146066,84],{"class":63},[49,146068,3589],{"class":583},[49,146070,3309],{"class":63},[49,146072,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146074,123],{"class":122},[49,146076,126],{"class":63},[49,146078,145617],{"class":122},[49,146080,126],{"class":63},[49,146082,51520],{"class":112},[49,146084,1436],{"class":63},[20,146086,573],{},[40,146088,146089],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146090,146091],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146092,146093],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146094,46116],{"class":80},[20,146096,146097,146098,109],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146099,3276],{},[35,146101,144,146103,146105],{"id":146102},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146104,145494],{}," does not work with",[20,146107,146108,146110],{},[15,146109,145494],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[591,146112,146114],{"id":146113},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146116,2506],{},[40,146118,146120],{"className":42,"code":146119,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146121,146122,146146],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146123,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146125,3742],{"class":55},[49,146127,60],{"class":59},[49,146129,3296],{"class":63},[49,146131,68],{"class":67},[49,146133,3518],{"class":71},[49,146135,68],{"class":67},[49,146137,84],{"class":63},[49,146139,87],{"class":67},[49,146141,60095],{"class":71},[49,146143,68],{"class":67},[49,146145,3309],{"class":63},[49,146147,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156,146158],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146149,123],{"class":122},[49,146151,126],{"class":63},[49,146153,145617],{"class":122},[49,146155,126],{"class":63},[49,146157,3786],{"class":112},[49,146159,1436],{"class":63},[20,146161,146162],{},"Use string joining instead:",[40,146164,146166],{"className":42,"code":146165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146167,146168,146192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146169,146170,146172,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146171,3742],{"class":55},[49,146173,60],{"class":59},[49,146175,3296],{"class":63},[49,146177,68],{"class":67},[49,146179,3518],{"class":71},[49,146181,68],{"class":67},[49,146183,84],{"class":63},[49,146185,87],{"class":67},[49,146187,60095],{"class":71},[49,146189,68],{"class":67},[49,146191,3309],{"class":63},[49,146193,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146195,123],{"class":122},[49,146197,126],{"class":63},[49,146199,5945],{"class":67},[49,146201,109],{"class":63},[49,146203,133019],{"class":112},[49,146205,126],{"class":63},[49,146207,3786],{"class":112},[49,146209,1436],{"class":63},[20,146211,573],{},[40,146213,146215],{"className":42,"code":146214,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"helloworld\n",[15,146216,146217],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146218,146219],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146220,146214],{"class":55},[20,146222,146223,146224,109],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[72,146225,146226,5455],{"href":41672},[15,146227,47183],{},[591,146229,146231],{"id":146230},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146233,146234],{},"This also causes an error:",[40,146236,146238],{"className":42,"code":146237,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146239,146240,146267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146241,146242,146245,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146243,146244],{"class":55},"lists ",[49,146246,60],{"class":59},[49,146248,55796],{"class":63},[49,146250,2659],{"class":80},[49,146252,84],{"class":63},[49,146254,97],{"class":80},[49,146256,17544],{"class":63},[49,146258,3296],{"class":63},[49,146260,1731],{"class":80},[49,146262,84],{"class":63},[49,146264,2126],{"class":80},[49,146266,52744],{"class":63},[49,146268,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146270,123],{"class":122},[49,146272,126],{"class":63},[49,146274,145617],{"class":122},[49,146276,126],{"class":63},[49,146278,4972],{"class":112},[49,146280,1436],{"class":63},[20,146282,146283,146285],{},[15,146284,145494],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[591,146287,146289],{"id":146288},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146291,5145],{},[40,146293,146295],{"className":42,"code":146294,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146296,146297,146321],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146298,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313,146315,146317,146319],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146300,3495],{"class":55},[49,146302,60],{"class":59},[49,146304,3296],{"class":63},[49,146306,2659],{"class":80},[49,146308,84],{"class":63},[49,146310,97],{"class":80},[49,146312,84],{"class":63},[49,146314,87],{"class":67},[49,146316,1731],{"class":71},[49,146318,68],{"class":67},[49,146320,3309],{"class":63},[49,146322,146323,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146324,123],{"class":122},[49,146326,126],{"class":63},[49,146328,145617],{"class":122},[49,146330,126],{"class":63},[49,146332,5031],{"class":112},[49,146334,1436],{"class":63},[20,146336,146337],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146339,146340,146341,146343,146344,109],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146342,65450],{},", convert them first. See ",[72,146345,2633],{"href":2632},[35,146347,41001],{"id":41000},[20,146349,146350,146351,109],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146352,145494],{},[591,146354,6194],{"id":6193},[20,146356,4199],{},[40,146358,146360],{"className":42,"code":146359,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146361,146362],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146363,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146365,123],{"class":122},[49,146367,126],{"class":63},[49,146369,145617],{"class":122},[49,146371,126],{"class":63},[49,146373,1807],{"class":80},[49,146375,1436],{"class":63},[20,146377,146378],{},"Why it fails:",[155,146380,146381,146386],{},[158,146382,146383,146385],{},[15,146384,1807],{}," is a single integer",[158,146387,146388,146390],{},[15,146389,145494],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146392,6224],{},[40,146394,146396],{"className":42,"code":146395,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146397,146398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146399,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146401,123],{"class":122},[49,146403,126],{"class":63},[49,146405,145617],{"class":122},[49,146407,2656],{"class":63},[49,146409,1807],{"class":80},[49,146411,2670],{"class":63},[20,146413,573],{},[40,146415,146416],{"className":42,"code":2617,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146417,146418],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146419,146420],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146421,2617],{"class":80},[591,146423,146425],{"id":146424},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146427,4199],{},[40,146429,146431],{"className":42,"code":146430,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146432,146433,146465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146434,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146436,3495],{"class":55},[49,146438,60],{"class":59},[49,146440,3296],{"class":63},[49,146442,68],{"class":67},[49,146444,2659],{"class":71},[49,146446,68],{"class":67},[49,146448,84],{"class":63},[49,146450,87],{"class":67},[49,146452,1725],{"class":71},[49,146454,68],{"class":67},[49,146456,84],{"class":63},[49,146458,87],{"class":67},[49,146460,1731],{"class":71},[49,146462,68],{"class":67},[49,146464,3309],{"class":63},[49,146466,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146468,123],{"class":122},[49,146470,126],{"class":63},[49,146472,145617],{"class":122},[49,146474,126],{"class":63},[49,146476,5031],{"class":112},[49,146478,1436],{"class":63},[20,146480,146481],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[40,146483,146485],{"className":42,"code":146484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146486,146487,146519,146547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146488,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146490,3495],{"class":55},[49,146492,60],{"class":59},[49,146494,3296],{"class":63},[49,146496,68],{"class":67},[49,146498,2659],{"class":71},[49,146500,68],{"class":67},[49,146502,84],{"class":63},[49,146504,87],{"class":67},[49,146506,1725],{"class":71},[49,146508,68],{"class":67},[49,146510,84],{"class":63},[49,146512,87],{"class":67},[49,146514,1731],{"class":71},[49,146516,68],{"class":67},[49,146518,3309],{"class":63},[49,146520,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146522,40679],{"class":55},[49,146524,60],{"class":59},[49,146526,145547],{"class":122},[49,146528,126],{"class":63},[49,146530,1857],{"class":1428},[49,146532,126],{"class":63},[49,146534,504],{"class":112},[49,146536,131],{"class":63},[49,146538,3549],{"class":973},[49,146540,3552],{"class":112},[49,146542,3555],{"class":973},[49,146544,3558],{"class":112},[49,146546,335],{"class":63},[49,146548,146549,146551,146553,146555],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,146550,123],{"class":122},[49,146552,126],{"class":63},[49,146554,40708],{"class":112},[49,146556,335],{"class":63},[20,146558,573],{},[40,146560,146561],{"className":42,"code":2325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146562,146563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146564,146565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146566,2325],{"class":80},[20,146568,146569],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[591,146571,146573],{"id":146572},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146575,4199],{},[40,146577,146579],{"className":42,"code":146578,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146580,146581,146609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146582,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146584,3495],{"class":55},[49,146586,60],{"class":59},[49,146588,3296],{"class":63},[49,146590,2659],{"class":80},[49,146592,84],{"class":63},[49,146594,97],{"class":80},[49,146596,84],{"class":63},[49,146598,87],{"class":67},[49,146600,1731],{"class":71},[49,146602,68],{"class":67},[49,146604,84],{"class":63},[49,146606,2126],{"class":80},[49,146608,3309],{"class":63},[49,146610,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146612,123],{"class":122},[49,146614,126],{"class":63},[49,146616,145617],{"class":122},[49,146618,126],{"class":63},[49,146620,5031],{"class":112},[49,146622,1436],{"class":63},[20,146624,146625],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[40,146627,146629],{"className":42,"code":146628,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146630,146631,146659,146687],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146632,146633,146635,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146634,3495],{"class":55},[49,146636,60],{"class":59},[49,146638,3296],{"class":63},[49,146640,2659],{"class":80},[49,146642,84],{"class":63},[49,146644,97],{"class":80},[49,146646,84],{"class":63},[49,146648,87],{"class":67},[49,146650,1731],{"class":71},[49,146652,68],{"class":67},[49,146654,84],{"class":63},[49,146656,2126],{"class":80},[49,146658,3309],{"class":63},[49,146660,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146662,40679],{"class":55},[49,146664,60],{"class":59},[49,146666,145547],{"class":122},[49,146668,126],{"class":63},[49,146670,1857],{"class":1428},[49,146672,126],{"class":63},[49,146674,504],{"class":112},[49,146676,131],{"class":63},[49,146678,3549],{"class":973},[49,146680,3552],{"class":112},[49,146682,3555],{"class":973},[49,146684,3558],{"class":112},[49,146686,335],{"class":63},[49,146688,146689,146691,146693,146695],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,146690,123],{"class":122},[49,146692,126],{"class":63},[49,146694,40708],{"class":112},[49,146696,335],{"class":63},[20,146698,573],{},[40,146700,146701],{"className":42,"code":2045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146702,146703],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146704,146705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146706,2045],{"class":80},[591,146708,8092,146710,146712],{"id":146709},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146711,145494],{}," to join text",[20,146714,4199],{},[40,146716,146718],{"className":42,"code":146717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146719,146720,146776],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146721,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146723,35583],{"class":55},[49,146725,60],{"class":59},[49,146727,3296],{"class":63},[49,146729,68],{"class":67},[49,146731,133618],{"class":71},[49,146733,68],{"class":67},[49,146735,84],{"class":63},[49,146737,87],{"class":67},[49,146739,517],{"class":71},[49,146741,68],{"class":67},[49,146743,84],{"class":63},[49,146745,87],{"class":67},[49,146747,62791],{"class":71},[49,146749,68],{"class":67},[49,146751,84],{"class":63},[49,146753,87],{"class":67},[49,146755,59942],{"class":71},[49,146757,68],{"class":67},[49,146759,84],{"class":63},[49,146761,87],{"class":67},[49,146763,59977],{"class":71},[49,146765,68],{"class":67},[49,146767,84],{"class":63},[49,146769,87],{"class":67},[49,146771,75535],{"class":71},[49,146773,68],{"class":67},[49,146775,3309],{"class":63},[49,146777,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146779,123],{"class":122},[49,146781,126],{"class":63},[49,146783,145617],{"class":122},[49,146785,126],{"class":63},[49,146787,35636],{"class":112},[49,146789,1436],{"class":63},[20,146791,1762,146792,60036],{},[15,146793,132942],{},[40,146795,146797],{"className":42,"code":146796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146798,146799,146855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146800,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146802,35583],{"class":55},[49,146804,60],{"class":59},[49,146806,3296],{"class":63},[49,146808,68],{"class":67},[49,146810,133618],{"class":71},[49,146812,68],{"class":67},[49,146814,84],{"class":63},[49,146816,87],{"class":67},[49,146818,517],{"class":71},[49,146820,68],{"class":67},[49,146822,84],{"class":63},[49,146824,87],{"class":67},[49,146826,62791],{"class":71},[49,146828,68],{"class":67},[49,146830,84],{"class":63},[49,146832,87],{"class":67},[49,146834,59942],{"class":71},[49,146836,68],{"class":67},[49,146838,84],{"class":63},[49,146840,87],{"class":67},[49,146842,59977],{"class":71},[49,146844,68],{"class":67},[49,146846,84],{"class":63},[49,146848,87],{"class":67},[49,146850,75535],{"class":71},[49,146852,68],{"class":67},[49,146854,3309],{"class":63},[49,146856,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146858,123],{"class":122},[49,146860,126],{"class":63},[49,146862,5945],{"class":67},[49,146864,109],{"class":63},[49,146866,133019],{"class":112},[49,146868,126],{"class":63},[49,146870,35636],{"class":112},[49,146872,1436],{"class":63},[20,146874,573],{},[40,146876,146877],{"className":42,"code":133699,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146878,146879],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146880,146881],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146882,133699],{"class":55},[20,146884,146885,146886,109],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[72,146887,146888],{"href":134780},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[35,146890,146892,146894],{"id":146891},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146893,145494],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146896,146897,146899],{},[15,146898,145494],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[591,146901,8092,146903],{"id":146902},"using-sum",[15,146904,145494],{},[40,146906,146908],{"className":42,"code":146907,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146909,146910,146930,146944],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146911,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146913,3291],{"class":55},[49,146915,60],{"class":59},[49,146917,3296],{"class":63},[49,146919,2174],{"class":80},[49,146921,84],{"class":63},[49,146923,5666],{"class":80},[49,146925,84],{"class":63},[49,146927,53638],{"class":80},[49,146929,3309],{"class":63},[49,146931,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146933,40679],{"class":55},[49,146935,60],{"class":59},[49,146937,145547],{"class":122},[49,146939,126],{"class":63},[49,146941,3323],{"class":112},[49,146943,335],{"class":63},[49,146945,146946,146948,146950,146952],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,146947,123],{"class":122},[49,146949,126],{"class":63},[49,146951,40708],{"class":112},[49,146953,335],{"class":63},[591,146955,146957],{"id":146956},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[40,146959,146961],{"className":42,"code":146960,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146962,146963,146983,146991,146995,147007,147015,147019],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146964,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146966,3291],{"class":55},[49,146968,60],{"class":59},[49,146970,3296],{"class":63},[49,146972,2174],{"class":80},[49,146974,84],{"class":63},[49,146976,5666],{"class":80},[49,146978,84],{"class":63},[49,146980,53638],{"class":80},[49,146982,3309],{"class":63},[49,146984,146985,146987,146989],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,146986,40679],{"class":55},[49,146988,60],{"class":59},[49,146990,38008],{"class":80},[49,146992,146993],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,146994,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,146996,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,146998,5630],{"class":973},[49,147000,6060],{"class":55},[49,147002,3555],{"class":973},[49,147004,3936],{"class":55},[49,147006,6067],{"class":63},[49,147008,147009,147011,147013],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,147010,89612],{"class":55},[49,147012,89615],{"class":59},[49,147014,89618],{"class":55},[49,147016,147017],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,147018,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,147020,147021,147023,147025,147027],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,147022,123],{"class":122},[49,147024,126],{"class":63},[49,147026,40708],{"class":112},[49,147028,335],{"class":63},[20,147030,147031],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147033,2158,147034,147036],{},[15,147035,145494],{}," is often better:",[155,147038,147039,147042,147045],{},[158,147040,147041],{},"Shorter code",[158,147043,147044],{},"Easier to read",[158,147046,147047],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147049,147050],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[155,147052,147053,147056,147059],{},[158,147054,147055],{},"You need to skip some values",[158,147057,147058],{},"You need extra checks",[158,147060,147061],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147063,147064,147065,147068,147069,147071],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[72,147066,147067],{"href":39504},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147070,145494],{}," on the filtered result.",[35,147073,1376],{"id":1375},[20,147075,147076,147077,77],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147078,145494],{},[155,147080,147081,147087,147094,147101],{},[158,147082,147083,147084],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147085,147086],{},"sum(5)",[158,147088,147089,147090,147093],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147091,147092],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[158,147095,8092,147096,147098,147099],{},[15,147097,145494],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147100,132942],{},[158,147102,147103],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147105,8550,147106,147108],{},[15,147107,145494],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[40,147110,147112],{"className":42,"code":147111,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147113,147114,147124,147138,147162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147115,147116,147118,147120,147122],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147117,123],{"class":122},[49,147119,126],{"class":63},[49,147121,5031],{"class":112},[49,147123,335],{"class":63},[49,147125,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,147127,123],{"class":122},[49,147129,126],{"class":63},[49,147131,1429],{"class":1428},[49,147133,126],{"class":63},[49,147135,5031],{"class":112},[49,147137,1436],{"class":63},[49,147139,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,147141,123],{"class":122},[49,147143,2656],{"class":63},[49,147145,1429],{"class":1428},[49,147147,126],{"class":63},[49,147149,504],{"class":112},[49,147151,131],{"class":63},[49,147153,3549],{"class":973},[49,147155,3552],{"class":112},[49,147157,3555],{"class":973},[49,147159,3558],{"class":112},[49,147161,3561],{"class":63},[49,147163,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,147165,123],{"class":122},[49,147167,126],{"class":63},[49,147169,145617],{"class":122},[49,147171,2656],{"class":63},[49,147173,1857],{"class":1428},[49,147175,126],{"class":63},[49,147177,504],{"class":112},[49,147179,131],{"class":63},[49,147181,3549],{"class":973},[49,147183,3552],{"class":112},[49,147185,3555],{"class":973},[49,147187,3558],{"class":112},[49,147189,2670],{"class":63},[20,147191,135513],{},[155,147193,147194,147200,147206,147211],{},[158,147195,147196,147199],{},[15,147197,147198],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[158,147201,147202,147205],{},[15,147203,147204],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[158,147207,147208,135535],{},[15,147209,147210],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[158,147212,147213,147216],{},[15,147214,147215],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[35,147218,1498],{"id":1497},[591,147220,1512,147222,4818],{"id":147221},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147223,145494],{},[20,147225,147226],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[591,147228,4842,147230,147232],{"id":147229},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147231,145494],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147234,29758,147235,2548,147238,147241],{},[15,147236,147237],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147239,147240],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[591,147243,4842,147245,147247],{"id":147244},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147246,145494],{}," work with floats?",[20,147249,147250],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[591,147252,147254,147255,1529],{"id":147253},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147256,145494],{},[20,147258,147259,147260,147262],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147261,35565],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[591,147264,4830,147266,118898,147268,1529],{"id":147265},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147267,145494],{},[15,147269,2676],{},[20,147271,147272],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[35,147274,1550],{"id":1549},[155,147276,147277,147281,147287,147293,147299,147303,147307],{},[158,147278,147279],{},[72,147280,145977],{"href":2087},[158,147282,147283],{},[72,147284,3247,147285,3180],{"href":35688},[15,147286,35691],{},[158,147288,147289],{},[72,147290,3247,147291,3180],{"href":41855},[15,147292,41858],{},[158,147294,147295],{},[72,147296,3247,147297,3180],{"href":41672},[15,147298,47183],{},[158,147300,147301],{},[72,147302,4893],{"href":39504},[158,147304,147305],{},[72,147306,3197],{"href":2632},[158,147308,147309],{},[72,147310,146888],{"href":134780},[1597,147312,147313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":147315},[147316,147317,147319,147320,147321,147323,147331,147337,147344,147350,147351,147363],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":145573,"depth":103,"text":147318},"What sum() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":145751,"depth":103,"text":147322},"Using the start value",{"id":145853,"depth":103,"text":147324,"children":147325},"What sum() can work with",[147326,147327,147328,147330],{"id":39920,"depth":119,"text":39921},{"id":51547,"depth":119,"text":145919},{"id":145980,"depth":119,"text":147329},"Values from range()",{"id":146028,"depth":119,"text":146029},{"id":146102,"depth":103,"text":147332,"children":147333},"What sum() does not work with",[147334,147335,147336],{"id":146113,"depth":119,"text":146114},{"id":146230,"depth":119,"text":146231},{"id":146288,"depth":119,"text":146289},{"id":41000,"depth":103,"text":41001,"children":147338},[147339,147340,147341,147342],{"id":6193,"depth":119,"text":6194},{"id":146424,"depth":119,"text":146425},{"id":146572,"depth":119,"text":146573},{"id":146709,"depth":119,"text":147343},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146891,"depth":103,"text":147345,"children":147346},"sum() vs manual loop",[147347,147349],{"id":146902,"depth":119,"text":147348},"Using sum()",{"id":146956,"depth":119,"text":146957},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":147352},[147353,147355,147357,147359,147361],{"id":147221,"depth":119,"text":147354},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147229,"depth":119,"text":147356},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147244,"depth":119,"text":147358},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147253,"depth":119,"text":147360},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147265,"depth":119,"text":147362},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145486,"description":147364},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147371,"title":147372,"body":147373,"description":148775,"extension":1632,"meta":148776,"navigation":312,"path":148777,"seo":148778,"stem":148779,"__hash__":148780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147374,"toc":148743},[147375,147381,147387,147390,147453,147459,147464,147468,147485,147499,147503,147523,147537,147539,147632,147634,147648,147650,147653,147742,147744,147752,147761,147763,147767,147788,147790,147882,147884,147905,147907,147911,147925,147927,148001,148003,148022,148026,148029,148052,148054,148165,148172,148180,148182,148188,148191,148234,148237,148260,148268,148272,148347,148353,148378,148385,148388,148391,148395,148400,148488,148496,148500,148503,148528,148532,148593,148597,148646,148656,148658,148663,148666,148672,148675,148679,148683,148689,148692,148700,148708,148710,148740],[10,147376,147378,147379,18],{"id":147377},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147380,56793],{},[20,147382,147383,147386],{},[15,147384,147385],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147388,147389],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[40,147391,147393],{"className":42,"code":147392,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147394,147395,147423,147441],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147396,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147398,3291],{"class":55},[49,147400,60],{"class":59},[49,147402,8907],{"class":63},[49,147404,2659],{"class":80},[49,147406,84],{"class":63},[49,147408,97],{"class":80},[49,147410,84],{"class":63},[49,147412,97],{"class":80},[49,147414,84],{"class":63},[49,147416,2120],{"class":80},[49,147418,84],{"class":63},[49,147420,97],{"class":80},[49,147422,335],{"class":63},[49,147424,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,147426,534],{"class":55},[49,147428,60],{"class":59},[49,147430,3936],{"class":55},[49,147432,109],{"class":63},[49,147434,40756],{"class":112},[49,147436,126],{"class":63},[49,147438,1725],{"class":80},[49,147440,335],{"class":63},[49,147442,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,147444,123],{"class":122},[49,147446,126],{"class":63},[49,147448,558],{"class":112},[49,147450,131],{"class":63},[49,147452,50271],{"class":134},[20,147454,1762,147455,147458],{},[15,147456,147457],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[35,147460,144,147462,147],{"id":147461},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147463,147385],{},[20,147465,147466,77],{},[15,147467,147457],{},[155,147469,147470,147476,147479,147482],{},[158,147471,147472,147473,147475],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147474,2142],{}," appears in the tuple",[158,147477,147478],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[158,147480,147481],{},"Returns an integer",[158,147483,147484],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147486,147487,147488,147490,147491,2548,147495,109],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147489,56793],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[72,147492,147494],{"href":147493},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[72,147496,147498],{"href":147497},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[35,147500,147502],{"id":147501},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[40,147504,147506],{"className":42,"code":147505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147507,147508],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147509,147510,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147511,147512],{"class":55},"my_tuple",[49,147514,109],{"class":63},[49,147516,40756],{"class":112},[49,147518,126],{"class":63},[49,147520,2142],{"class":112},[49,147522,335],{"class":63},[155,147524,147525,147529,147532],{},[158,147526,147527,56958],{},[15,147528,2142],{},[158,147530,147531],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[158,147533,147534,147535],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147536,1790],{},[591,147538,102613],{"id":102612},[40,147540,147542],{"className":42,"code":147541,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147543,147544,147584,147608],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147545,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147547,12553],{"class":55},[49,147549,60],{"class":59},[49,147551,8907],{"class":63},[49,147553,68],{"class":67},[49,147555,12570],{"class":71},[49,147557,68],{"class":67},[49,147559,84],{"class":63},[49,147561,87],{"class":67},[49,147563,12587],{"class":71},[49,147565,68],{"class":67},[49,147567,84],{"class":63},[49,147569,87],{"class":67},[49,147571,12570],{"class":71},[49,147573,68],{"class":67},[49,147575,84],{"class":63},[49,147577,87],{"class":67},[49,147579,16937],{"class":71},[49,147581,68],{"class":67},[49,147583,335],{"class":63},[49,147585,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,147587,123],{"class":122},[49,147589,126],{"class":63},[49,147591,16984],{"class":112},[49,147593,109],{"class":63},[49,147595,40756],{"class":112},[49,147597,126],{"class":63},[49,147599,68],{"class":67},[49,147601,12570],{"class":71},[49,147603,68],{"class":67},[49,147605,5034],{"class":63},[49,147607,57148],{"class":134},[49,147609,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626,147628,147630],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,147611,123],{"class":122},[49,147613,126],{"class":63},[49,147615,16984],{"class":112},[49,147617,109],{"class":63},[49,147619,40756],{"class":112},[49,147621,126],{"class":63},[49,147623,68],{"class":67},[49,147625,22008],{"class":71},[49,147627,68],{"class":67},[49,147629,5034],{"class":63},[49,147631,50748],{"class":134},[20,147633,19440],{},[155,147635,147636,147641],{},[158,147637,147638,147640],{},[15,147639,64897],{}," appears 2 times",[158,147642,147643,147645,147646],{},[15,147644,109309],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147647,1790],{},[35,147649,225],{"id":224},[20,147651,147652],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[40,147654,147656],{"className":42,"code":147655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147657,147658,147706,147710,147732],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147659,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147661,35732],{"class":55},[49,147663,60],{"class":59},[49,147665,8907],{"class":63},[49,147667,68],{"class":67},[49,147669,3751],{"class":71},[49,147671,68],{"class":67},[49,147673,84],{"class":63},[49,147675,87],{"class":67},[49,147677,3760],{"class":71},[49,147679,68],{"class":67},[49,147681,84],{"class":63},[49,147683,87],{"class":67},[49,147685,3751],{"class":71},[49,147687,68],{"class":67},[49,147689,84],{"class":63},[49,147691,87],{"class":67},[49,147693,32710],{"class":71},[49,147695,68],{"class":67},[49,147697,84],{"class":63},[49,147699,87],{"class":67},[49,147701,3751],{"class":71},[49,147703,68],{"class":67},[49,147705,335],{"class":63},[49,147707,147708],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,147709,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,147711,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,147713,534],{"class":55},[49,147715,60],{"class":59},[49,147717,52353],{"class":55},[49,147719,109],{"class":63},[49,147721,40756],{"class":112},[49,147723,126],{"class":63},[49,147725,68],{"class":67},[49,147727,3751],{"class":71},[49,147729,68],{"class":67},[49,147731,335],{"class":63},[49,147733,147734,147736,147738,147740],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,147735,123],{"class":122},[49,147737,126],{"class":63},[49,147739,558],{"class":112},[49,147741,335],{"class":63},[20,147743,573],{},[40,147745,147746],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,147747,147748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147749,147750],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147751,46116],{"class":80},[20,147753,147754,147756,147757,480,147759,109],{},[15,147755,57336],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147758,56793],{},[15,147760,1731],{},[35,147762,37515],{"id":37514},[20,147764,57047,147765,128248],{},[15,147766,56793],{},[155,147768,147769,147774,147779,147782],{},[158,147770,166,147771,147773],{},[15,147772,1790],{}," when the value does not exist",[158,147775,166,147776,147778],{},[15,147777,2659],{}," when the value appears once",[158,147780,147781],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[158,147783,147784,147785,147787],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147786,6668],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147789,1244],{},[40,147791,147793],{"className":42,"code":147792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147794,147795,147836,147840,147867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147796,147797,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147798,147799],{"class":55},"answers ",[49,147801,60],{"class":59},[49,147803,8907],{"class":63},[49,147805,68],{"class":67},[49,147807,8332],{"class":71},[49,147809,68],{"class":67},[49,147811,84],{"class":63},[49,147813,87],{"class":67},[49,147815,8272],{"class":71},[49,147817,68],{"class":67},[49,147819,84],{"class":63},[49,147821,87],{"class":67},[49,147823,8332],{"class":71},[49,147825,68],{"class":67},[49,147827,84],{"class":63},[49,147829,87],{"class":67},[49,147831,8332],{"class":71},[49,147833,68],{"class":67},[49,147835,335],{"class":63},[49,147837,147838],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,147839,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,147841,147842,147844,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,147843,6668],{"class":973},[49,147845,147846],{"class":55}," answers",[49,147848,109],{"class":63},[49,147850,40756],{"class":112},[49,147852,126],{"class":63},[49,147854,68],{"class":67},[49,147856,8332],{"class":71},[49,147858,68],{"class":67},[49,147860,131],{"class":63},[49,147862,37891],{"class":59},[49,147864,81],{"class":80},[49,147866,6067],{"class":63},[49,147868,147869,147871,147873,147875,147878,147880],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,147870,7742],{"class":122},[49,147872,126],{"class":63},[49,147874,68],{"class":67},[49,147876,147877],{"class":71},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[49,147879,68],{"class":67},[49,147881,335],{"class":63},[20,147883,573],{},[40,147885,147887],{"className":42,"code":147886,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147888,147889],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147890,147891,147894,147896,147898,147900,147903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147892,147893],{"class":55},"The answer ",[49,147895,397],{"class":67},[49,147897,8332],{"class":71},[49,147899,397],{"class":67},[49,147901,147902],{"class":55}," appears more than once",[49,147904,121892],{"class":63},[35,147906,40542],{"id":40541},[20,147908,34897,147909,104076],{},[15,147910,147385],{},[155,147912,147913,147916,147919,147922],{},[158,147914,147915],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[158,147917,147918],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[158,147920,147921],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[158,147923,147924],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147926,1244],{},[40,147928,147930],{"className":42,"code":147929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147931,147932,147960,147964,147986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147933,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147935,4737],{"class":55},[49,147937,60],{"class":59},[49,147939,8907],{"class":63},[49,147941,1999],{"class":80},[49,147943,84],{"class":63},[49,147945,7462],{"class":80},[49,147947,84],{"class":63},[49,147949,5677],{"class":80},[49,147951,84],{"class":63},[49,147953,7467],{"class":80},[49,147955,84],{"class":63},[49,147957,5677],{"class":80},[49,147959,335],{"class":63},[49,147961,147962],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,147963,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,147965,147966,147968,147970,147972,147974,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,147967,6668],{"class":973},[49,147969,4784],{"class":55},[49,147971,109],{"class":63},[49,147973,40756],{"class":112},[49,147975,126],{"class":63},[49,147977,1999],{"class":80},[49,147979,131],{"class":63},[49,147981,50789],{"class":59},[49,147983,97],{"class":80},[49,147985,6067],{"class":63},[49,147987,147988,147990,147992,147994,147997,147999],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,147989,7742],{"class":122},[49,147991,126],{"class":63},[49,147993,68],{"class":67},[49,147995,147996],{"class":71},"The score 10 is repeated.",[49,147998,68],{"class":67},[49,148000,335],{"class":63},[20,148002,573],{},[40,148004,148006],{"className":42,"code":148005,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148007,148008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148009,148010,148013,148015,148017,148020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148011,148012],{"class":55},"The score ",[49,148014,1999],{"class":80},[49,148016,7770],{"class":59},[49,148018,148019],{"class":55}," repeated",[49,148021,121892],{"class":63},[35,148023,148025],{"id":148024},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148027,148028],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[155,148030,148031,148037,148042,148045],{},[158,148032,148033,148034,148036],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148035,56793],{}," still works because it only reads data",[158,148038,148039,148041],{},[15,148040,56793],{}," counts exact matches",[158,148043,148044],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[158,148046,148047,1017,148049,148051],{},[15,148048,2659],{},[15,148050,41655],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148053,1244],{},[40,148055,148057],{"className":42,"code":148056,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148058,148059,148093,148097,148117,148141],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148060,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148074,148076,148078,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148062,3495],{"class":55},[49,148064,60],{"class":59},[49,148066,8907],{"class":63},[49,148068,2659],{"class":80},[49,148070,84],{"class":63},[49,148072,148073],{"class":80}," 1.0",[49,148075,84],{"class":63},[49,148077,87],{"class":67},[49,148079,148080],{"class":71},"Cat",[49,148082,68],{"class":67},[49,148084,84],{"class":63},[49,148086,87],{"class":67},[49,148088,36541],{"class":71},[49,148090,68],{"class":67},[49,148092,335],{"class":63},[49,148094,148095],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,148096,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,148098,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,148100,123],{"class":122},[49,148102,126],{"class":63},[49,148104,5031],{"class":112},[49,148106,109],{"class":63},[49,148108,40756],{"class":112},[49,148110,126],{"class":63},[49,148112,2659],{"class":80},[49,148114,5034],{"class":63},[49,148116,50595],{"class":134},[49,148118,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,148120,123],{"class":122},[49,148122,126],{"class":63},[49,148124,5031],{"class":112},[49,148126,109],{"class":63},[49,148128,40756],{"class":112},[49,148130,126],{"class":63},[49,148132,68],{"class":67},[49,148134,148080],{"class":71},[49,148136,68],{"class":67},[49,148138,5034],{"class":63},[49,148140,27266],{"class":134},[49,148142,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,148144,123],{"class":122},[49,148146,126],{"class":63},[49,148148,5031],{"class":112},[49,148150,109],{"class":63},[49,148152,40756],{"class":112},[49,148154,126],{"class":63},[49,148156,68],{"class":67},[49,148158,36541],{"class":71},[49,148160,68],{"class":67},[49,148162,5034],{"class":63},[49,148164,27266],{"class":134},[20,148166,4830,148167,4833,148170,1529],{},[15,148168,148169],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148171,1725],{},[20,148173,8460,148174,4457,148177,148179],{},[15,148175,148176],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148178,3276],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[35,148181,1376],{"id":1375},[591,148183,8092,148185,148187],{"id":148184},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148186,40756],{}," without parentheses",[20,148189,148190],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[40,148192,148194],{"className":42,"code":148193,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148195,148196,148220],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148197,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148199,3291],{"class":55},[49,148201,60],{"class":59},[49,148203,8907],{"class":63},[49,148205,2659],{"class":80},[49,148207,84],{"class":63},[49,148209,97],{"class":80},[49,148211,84],{"class":63},[49,148213,97],{"class":80},[49,148215,84],{"class":63},[49,148217,2120],{"class":80},[49,148219,335],{"class":63},[49,148221,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,148223,123],{"class":122},[49,148225,126],{"class":63},[49,148227,3323],{"class":112},[49,148229,109],{"class":63},[49,148231,40756],{"class":24235},[49,148233,335],{"class":63},[20,148235,148236],{},"To call the method correctly:",[40,148238,148240],{"className":42,"code":148239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148241,148242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148243,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148245,123],{"class":122},[49,148247,126],{"class":63},[49,148249,3323],{"class":112},[49,148251,109],{"class":63},[49,148253,40756],{"class":112},[49,148255,126],{"class":63},[49,148257,1725],{"class":80},[49,148259,1436],{"class":63},[591,148261,1392,148262,8130,148264,2548,148266],{"id":58096},[15,148263,56793],{},[15,148265,3276],{},[15,148267,3348],{},[20,148269,148270,58107],{},[15,148271,56793],{},[40,148273,148275],{"className":42,"code":148274,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148276,148277,148309,148331,148335],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148278,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148280,35583],{"class":55},[49,148282,60],{"class":59},[49,148284,8907],{"class":63},[49,148286,68],{"class":67},[49,148288,72],{"class":71},[49,148290,68],{"class":67},[49,148292,84],{"class":63},[49,148294,87],{"class":67},[49,148296,90],{"class":71},[49,148298,68],{"class":67},[49,148300,84],{"class":63},[49,148302,87],{"class":67},[49,148304,72],{"class":71},[49,148306,68],{"class":67},[49,148308,335],{"class":63},[49,148310,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,148312,534],{"class":55},[49,148314,60],{"class":59},[49,148316,69601],{"class":55},[49,148318,109],{"class":63},[49,148320,40756],{"class":112},[49,148322,126],{"class":63},[49,148324,68],{"class":67},[49,148326,72],{"class":71},[49,148328,68],{"class":67},[49,148330,335],{"class":63},[49,148332,148333],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,148334,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,148336,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,148338,123],{"class":122},[49,148340,126],{"class":63},[49,148342,558],{"class":112},[49,148344,131],{"class":63},[49,148346,50916],{"class":134},[20,148348,148349,148350,148352],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148351,3555],{}," is often simpler:",[40,148354,148356],{"className":42,"code":148355,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148357,148358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148359,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148361,123],{"class":122},[49,148363,126],{"class":63},[49,148365,68],{"class":67},[49,148367,72],{"class":71},[49,148369,68],{"class":67},[49,148371,20657],{"class":973},[49,148373,69601],{"class":112},[49,148375,131],{"class":63},[49,148377,3338],{"class":134},[591,148379,36698,148381,8379,148383],{"id":148380},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148382,147385],{},[15,148384,56798],{},[20,148386,148387],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148389,148390],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[591,148392,148394],{"id":148393},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148396,148397,148399],{},[15,148398,56793],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[40,148401,148403],{"className":42,"code":148402,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148404,148405,148438,148464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148406,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148408,3742],{"class":55},[49,148410,60],{"class":59},[49,148412,8907],{"class":63},[49,148414,68],{"class":67},[49,148416,3751],{"class":71},[49,148418,68],{"class":67},[49,148420,84],{"class":63},[49,148422,87],{"class":67},[49,148424,148425],{"class":71},"pineapple",[49,148427,68],{"class":67},[49,148429,84],{"class":63},[49,148431,87],{"class":67},[49,148433,3751],{"class":71},[49,148435,68],{"class":67},[49,148437,335],{"class":63},[49,148439,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148457,148459,148461],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,148441,123],{"class":122},[49,148443,126],{"class":63},[49,148445,3786],{"class":112},[49,148447,109],{"class":63},[49,148449,40756],{"class":112},[49,148451,126],{"class":63},[49,148453,68],{"class":67},[49,148455,148456],{"class":71},"app",[49,148458,68],{"class":67},[49,148460,5034],{"class":63},[49,148462,148463],{"class":134},"    # 0\n",[49,148465,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,148467,123],{"class":122},[49,148469,126],{"class":63},[49,148471,3786],{"class":112},[49,148473,109],{"class":63},[49,148475,40756],{"class":112},[49,148477,126],{"class":63},[49,148479,68],{"class":67},[49,148481,3751],{"class":71},[49,148483,68],{"class":67},[49,148485,5034],{"class":63},[49,148487,50916],{"class":134},[20,148489,148490,148493,148494,109],{},[15,148491,148492],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148495,1790],{},[35,148497,148499],{"id":148498},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148501,148502],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[155,148504,148505,148510,148519,148525],{},[158,148506,1762,148507,148509],{},[15,148508,3555],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[158,148511,1762,148512,148518],{},[72,148513,148515,148516],{"href":148514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148517,58471],{}," to find the position of a value",[158,148520,1762,148521,148524],{},[15,148522,148523],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[158,148526,148527],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148529,45539,148530,77],{},[15,148531,3555],{},[40,148533,148535],{"className":42,"code":148534,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148536,148537,148557,148561,148577],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148538,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148540,3291],{"class":55},[49,148542,60],{"class":59},[49,148544,8907],{"class":63},[49,148546,2174],{"class":80},[49,148548,84],{"class":63},[49,148550,5666],{"class":80},[49,148552,84],{"class":63},[49,148554,53638],{"class":80},[49,148556,335],{"class":63},[49,148558,148559],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,148560,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,148562,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,148564,123],{"class":122},[49,148566,126],{"class":63},[49,148568,1693],{"class":80},[49,148570,20657],{"class":973},[49,148572,3936],{"class":112},[49,148574,131],{"class":63},[49,148576,43353],{"class":134},[49,148578,148579,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,148580,123],{"class":122},[49,148582,126],{"class":63},[49,148584,1807],{"class":80},[49,148586,20657],{"class":973},[49,148588,3936],{"class":112},[49,148590,131],{"class":63},[49,148592,43370],{"class":134},[20,148594,45539,148595,77],{},[15,148596,58471],{},[40,148598,148600],{"className":42,"code":148599,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148601,148602,148626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148603,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148605,3291],{"class":55},[49,148607,60],{"class":59},[49,148609,8907],{"class":63},[49,148611,2174],{"class":80},[49,148613,84],{"class":63},[49,148615,5666],{"class":80},[49,148617,84],{"class":63},[49,148619,53638],{"class":80},[49,148621,84],{"class":63},[49,148623,5666],{"class":80},[49,148625,335],{"class":63},[49,148627,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,148629,123],{"class":122},[49,148631,126],{"class":63},[49,148633,3323],{"class":112},[49,148635,109],{"class":63},[49,148637,35338],{"class":112},[49,148639,126],{"class":63},[49,148641,1693],{"class":80},[49,148643,5034],{"class":63},[49,148645,27266],{"class":134},[20,148647,148648,148650,148651,148653,148655],{},[15,148649,56793],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[1364,148652],{},[15,148654,58471],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[35,148657,1498],{"id":1497},[591,148659,1512,148661,4818],{"id":148660},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148662,147385],{},[20,148664,148665],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[591,148667,1502,148669,148671],{"id":148668},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148670,147385],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148673,148674],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[591,148676,148678],{"id":148677},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148680,690,148681,109],{},[15,148682,1790],{},[591,148684,4842,148686,148688],{"id":148685},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148687,147385],{}," count strings?",[20,148690,148691],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[591,148693,1524,148695,1017,148697,1529],{"id":148694},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148696,147385],{},[15,148698,148699],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148701,148702,148704,148705,148707],{},[15,148703,56793],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148706,58471],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[35,148709,1550],{"id":1549},[155,148711,148712,148716,148721,148728,148736],{},[158,148713,148714],{},[72,148715,147494],{"href":147493},[158,148717,148718],{},[72,148719,148720],{"href":147497},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[158,148722,148723],{},[72,148724,148725,148726,1571],{"href":148514},"Python tuple ",[15,148727,58471],{},[158,148729,148730],{},[72,148731,148733,148734],{"href":148732},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148735,41858],{},[158,148737,148738],{},[72,148739,58459],{"href":58458},[1597,148741,148742],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":148744},[148745,148747,148750,148751,148752,148753,148754,148762,148763,148774],{"id":147461,"depth":103,"text":148746},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147501,"depth":103,"text":147502,"children":148748},[148749],{"id":102612,"depth":119,"text":102613},{"id":224,"depth":103,"text":225},{"id":37514,"depth":103,"text":37515},{"id":40541,"depth":103,"text":40542},{"id":148024,"depth":103,"text":148025},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":148755},[148756,148758,148759,148761],{"id":148184,"depth":119,"text":148757},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58096,"depth":119,"text":58512},{"id":148380,"depth":119,"text":148760},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148393,"depth":119,"text":148394},{"id":148498,"depth":103,"text":148499},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":148764},[148765,148767,148769,148770,148772],{"id":148660,"depth":119,"text":148766},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148668,"depth":119,"text":148768},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148677,"depth":119,"text":148678},{"id":148685,"depth":119,"text":148771},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148694,"depth":119,"text":148773},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147372,"description":148775},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148782,"title":148783,"body":148784,"description":150471,"extension":1632,"meta":150472,"navigation":312,"path":150473,"seo":150474,"stem":150475,"__hash__":150476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148785,"toc":150434},[148786,148789,148792,148801,148803,148933,148935,148996,149002,149004,149024,149028,149031,149034,149069,149071,149092,149095,149134,149136,149161,149168,149172,149175,149212,149214,149237,149240,149243,149255,149261,149265,149268,149274,149315,149317,149340,149343,149384,149386,149413,149415,149432,149434,149451,149454,149458,149461,149463,149497,149499,149546,149550,149589,149593,149596,149653,149655,149696,149702,149708,149713,149715,149752,149754,149774,149776,149809,149811,149844,149847,149851,149884,149886,149911,149914,149916,149930,149937,149939,149942,149946,149949,149984,149987,150022,150026,150029,150068,150071,150110,150114,150116,150146,150149,150156,150158,150190,150193,150225,150228,150259,150261,150278,150282,150285,150349,150351,150355,150362,150366,150369,150373,150376,150380,150383,150388,150394,150396,150431],[10,148787,148783],{"id":148788},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148790,148791],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148793,148794,148795,2548,148799,109],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[72,148796,148798],{"href":148797},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[72,148800,147494],{"href":147493},[35,148802,38],{"id":37},[40,148804,148806],{"className":42,"code":148805,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148807,148808,148828,148837,148851,148887,148891,148901,148911,148922],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148809,148810,148812,148814,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148811,3291],{"class":55},[49,148813,60],{"class":59},[49,148815,8907],{"class":63},[49,148817,2659],{"class":80},[49,148819,84],{"class":63},[49,148821,97],{"class":80},[49,148823,84],{"class":63},[49,148825,2120],{"class":80},[49,148827,335],{"class":63},[49,148829,148830,148832,148834],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,148831,124358],{"class":55},[49,148833,60],{"class":59},[49,148835,148836],{"class":63}," ()\n",[49,148838,148839,148842,148844,148846,148848],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,148840,148841],{"class":55},"one_item ",[49,148843,60],{"class":59},[49,148845,8907],{"class":63},[49,148847,1807],{"class":80},[49,148849,148850],{"class":63},",)\n",[49,148852,148853,148856,148858,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,148854,148855],{"class":55},"from_list ",[49,148857,60],{"class":59},[49,148859,148860],{"class":1428}," tuple",[49,148862,2656],{"class":63},[49,148864,68],{"class":67},[49,148866,72],{"class":71},[49,148868,68],{"class":67},[49,148870,84],{"class":63},[49,148872,87],{"class":67},[49,148874,90],{"class":71},[49,148876,68],{"class":67},[49,148878,84],{"class":63},[49,148880,87],{"class":67},[49,148882,9406],{"class":71},[49,148884,68],{"class":67},[49,148886,3561],{"class":63},[49,148888,148889],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,148890,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,148892,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,148894,123],{"class":122},[49,148896,126],{"class":63},[49,148898,3323],{"class":112},[49,148900,335],{"class":63},[49,148902,148903,148905,148907,148909],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,148904,123],{"class":122},[49,148906,126],{"class":63},[49,148908,124409],{"class":112},[49,148910,335],{"class":63},[49,148912,148913,148915,148917,148920],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,148914,123],{"class":122},[49,148916,126],{"class":63},[49,148918,148919],{"class":112},"one_item",[49,148921,335],{"class":63},[49,148923,148924,148926,148928,148931],{"class":51,"line":343},[49,148925,123],{"class":122},[49,148927,126],{"class":63},[49,148929,148930],{"class":112},"from_list",[49,148932,335],{"class":63},[20,148934,573],{},[40,148936,148938],{"className":42,"code":148937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148939,148940,148956,148960,148968],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148941,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148943,126],{"class":63},[49,148945,2659],{"class":80},[49,148947,84],{"class":63},[49,148949,97],{"class":80},[49,148951,84],{"class":63},[49,148953,2120],{"class":80},[49,148955,335],{"class":63},[49,148957,148958],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,148959,116],{"class":63},[49,148961,148962,148964,148966],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,148963,126],{"class":63},[49,148965,1807],{"class":80},[49,148967,148850],{"class":63},[49,148969,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,148971,126],{"class":63},[49,148973,397],{"class":67},[49,148975,72],{"class":71},[49,148977,397],{"class":67},[49,148979,84],{"class":63},[49,148981,406],{"class":67},[49,148983,90],{"class":71},[49,148985,397],{"class":67},[49,148987,84],{"class":63},[49,148989,406],{"class":67},[49,148991,9406],{"class":71},[49,148993,397],{"class":67},[49,148995,335],{"class":63},[20,148997,148998,148999,109],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149000,149001],{},"(5,)",[35,149003,14642],{"id":14641},[155,149005,149006,149009,149012,149015,149018,149021],{},[158,149007,149008],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[158,149010,149011],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[158,149013,149014],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[158,149016,149017],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[158,149019,149020],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[158,149022,149023],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[35,149025,149027],{"id":149026},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149029,149030],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149032,149033],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[40,149035,149037],{"className":42,"code":149036,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149038,149039,149059],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149040,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149042,3291],{"class":55},[49,149044,60],{"class":59},[49,149046,8907],{"class":63},[49,149048,2659],{"class":80},[49,149050,84],{"class":63},[49,149052,97],{"class":80},[49,149054,84],{"class":63},[49,149056,2120],{"class":80},[49,149058,335],{"class":63},[49,149060,149061,149063,149065,149067],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149062,123],{"class":122},[49,149064,126],{"class":63},[49,149066,3323],{"class":112},[49,149068,335],{"class":63},[20,149070,573],{},[40,149072,149074],{"className":42,"code":149073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149075,149076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149077,149078,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149079,126],{"class":63},[49,149081,2659],{"class":80},[49,149083,84],{"class":63},[49,149085,97],{"class":80},[49,149087,84],{"class":63},[49,149089,2120],{"class":80},[49,149091,335],{"class":63},[20,149093,149094],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[40,149096,149098],{"className":42,"code":149097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149099,149100,149124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149101,149102,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120,149122],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149103,56],{"class":55},[49,149105,60],{"class":59},[49,149107,8907],{"class":63},[49,149109,2659],{"class":80},[49,149111,84],{"class":63},[49,149113,87],{"class":67},[49,149115,3751],{"class":71},[49,149117,68],{"class":67},[49,149119,84],{"class":63},[49,149121,3589],{"class":583},[49,149123,335],{"class":63},[49,149125,149126,149128,149130,149132],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149127,123],{"class":122},[49,149129,126],{"class":63},[49,149131,106],{"class":112},[49,149133,335],{"class":63},[20,149135,573],{},[40,149137,149139],{"className":42,"code":149138,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149140,149141],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149142,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149144,126],{"class":63},[49,149146,2659],{"class":80},[49,149148,84],{"class":63},[49,149150,406],{"class":67},[49,149152,3751],{"class":71},[49,149154,397],{"class":67},[49,149156,84],{"class":63},[49,149158,3589],{"class":583},[49,149160,335],{"class":63},[20,149162,149163,149164,109],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[72,149165,149167],{"href":149166},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[35,149169,149171],{"id":149170},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149173,149174],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[40,149176,149178],{"className":42,"code":149177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149179,149180,149188,149198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149181,149182,149184,149186],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149183,124358],{"class":55},[49,149185,60],{"class":59},[49,149187,148836],{"class":63},[49,149189,149190,149192,149194,149196],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149191,123],{"class":122},[49,149193,126],{"class":63},[49,149195,124409],{"class":112},[49,149197,335],{"class":63},[49,149199,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,149201,123],{"class":122},[49,149203,126],{"class":63},[49,149205,1429],{"class":1428},[49,149207,126],{"class":63},[49,149209,124409],{"class":112},[49,149211,1436],{"class":63},[20,149213,573],{},[40,149215,149217],{"className":42,"code":149216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149218,149219,149223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149220,149221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149222,116],{"class":63},[49,149224,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149226,2962],{"class":59},[49,149228,2965],{"class":1734},[49,149230,406],{"class":67},[49,149232,48453],{"class":71},[49,149234,397],{"class":67},[49,149236,2974],{"class":59},[20,149238,149239],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149241,149242],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[155,149244,149245,149250],{},[158,149246,149247,149248],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149249,7037],{},[158,149251,149252,149253],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149254,3460],{},[20,149256,149257,149258,109],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[72,149259,149260],{"href":56656},"Python list: creating a list",[35,149262,149264],{"id":149263},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149266,149267],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149269,149270,149271,149273],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[30,149272,600],{}," automatically a tuple:",[40,149275,149277],{"className":42,"code":149276,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149278,149279,149291,149301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149280,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149282,2115],{"class":55},[49,149284,60],{"class":59},[49,149286,8907],{"class":63},[49,149288,1807],{"class":80},[49,149290,335],{"class":63},[49,149292,149293,149295,149297,149299],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149294,123],{"class":122},[49,149296,126],{"class":63},[49,149298,2142],{"class":112},[49,149300,335],{"class":63},[49,149302,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,149304,123],{"class":122},[49,149306,126],{"class":63},[49,149308,1429],{"class":1428},[49,149310,126],{"class":63},[49,149312,2142],{"class":112},[49,149314,1436],{"class":63},[20,149316,573],{},[40,149318,149320],{"className":42,"code":149319,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149321,149322,149326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149323,149324],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149325,2617],{"class":80},[49,149327,149328,149330,149332,149334,149336,149338],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149329,2962],{"class":59},[49,149331,2965],{"class":1734},[49,149333,406],{"class":67},[49,149335,1857],{"class":71},[49,149337,397],{"class":67},[49,149339,2974],{"class":59},[20,149341,149342],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[40,149344,149346],{"className":42,"code":149345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149347,149348,149360,149370],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149349,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149351,148841],{"class":55},[49,149353,60],{"class":59},[49,149355,8907],{"class":63},[49,149357,1807],{"class":80},[49,149359,148850],{"class":63},[49,149361,149362,149364,149366,149368],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149363,123],{"class":122},[49,149365,126],{"class":63},[49,149367,148919],{"class":112},[49,149369,335],{"class":63},[49,149371,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,149373,123],{"class":122},[49,149375,126],{"class":63},[49,149377,1429],{"class":1428},[49,149379,126],{"class":63},[49,149381,148919],{"class":112},[49,149383,1436],{"class":63},[20,149385,573],{},[40,149387,149389],{"className":42,"code":149388,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149390,149391,149399],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149392,149393,149395,149397],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149394,126],{"class":63},[49,149396,1807],{"class":80},[49,149398,148850],{"class":63},[49,149400,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149402,2962],{"class":59},[49,149404,2965],{"class":1734},[49,149406,406],{"class":67},[49,149408,48453],{"class":71},[49,149410,397],{"class":67},[49,149412,2974],{"class":59},[20,149414,16136],{},[40,149416,149418],{"className":42,"code":149417,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149419,149420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149421,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149423,126],{"class":63},[49,149425,68],{"class":67},[49,149427,3751],{"class":71},[49,149429,68],{"class":67},[49,149431,148850],{"class":63},[20,149433,16124],{},[40,149435,149437],{"className":42,"code":149436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149438,149439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149440,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149442,126],{"class":63},[49,149444,68],{"class":67},[49,149446,3751],{"class":71},[49,149448,68],{"class":67},[49,149450,335],{"class":63},[20,149452,149453],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[35,149455,149457],{"id":149456},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149459,149460],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[591,149462,55964],{"id":3323},[40,149464,149465],{"className":42,"code":149036,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,149466,149467,149487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149468,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481,149483,149485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149470,3291],{"class":55},[49,149472,60],{"class":59},[49,149474,8907],{"class":63},[49,149476,2659],{"class":80},[49,149478,84],{"class":63},[49,149480,97],{"class":80},[49,149482,84],{"class":63},[49,149484,2120],{"class":80},[49,149486,335],{"class":63},[49,149488,149489,149491,149493,149495],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149490,123],{"class":122},[49,149492,126],{"class":63},[49,149494,3323],{"class":112},[49,149496,335],{"class":63},[591,149498,55967],{"id":4981},[40,149500,149502],{"className":42,"code":149501,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149503,149504,149536],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149505,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149507,12553],{"class":55},[49,149509,60],{"class":59},[49,149511,8907],{"class":63},[49,149513,68],{"class":67},[49,149515,12570],{"class":71},[49,149517,68],{"class":67},[49,149519,84],{"class":63},[49,149521,87],{"class":67},[49,149523,16937],{"class":71},[49,149525,68],{"class":67},[49,149527,84],{"class":63},[49,149529,87],{"class":67},[49,149531,12587],{"class":71},[49,149533,68],{"class":67},[49,149535,335],{"class":63},[49,149537,149538,149540,149542,149544],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149539,123],{"class":122},[49,149541,126],{"class":63},[49,149543,16984],{"class":112},[49,149545,335],{"class":63},[591,149547,149549],{"id":149548},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[40,149551,149553],{"className":42,"code":149552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149554,149555,149579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149556,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149558,58976],{"class":55},[49,149560,60],{"class":59},[49,149562,8907],{"class":63},[49,149564,2659],{"class":80},[49,149566,84],{"class":63},[49,149568,87],{"class":67},[49,149570,3751],{"class":71},[49,149572,68],{"class":67},[49,149574,84],{"class":63},[49,149576,3589],{"class":583},[49,149578,335],{"class":63},[49,149580,149581,149583,149585,149587],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149582,123],{"class":122},[49,149584,126],{"class":63},[49,149586,59029],{"class":112},[49,149588,335],{"class":63},[591,149590,149592],{"id":149591},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149594,149595],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[40,149597,149599],{"className":42,"code":149598,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149600,149601,149642],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149602,149603,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149604,149605],{"class":55},"nested ",[49,149607,60],{"class":59},[49,149609,8907],{"class":63},[49,149611,2659],{"class":80},[49,149613,84],{"class":63},[49,149615,8907],{"class":63},[49,149617,68],{"class":67},[49,149619,72],{"class":71},[49,149621,68],{"class":67},[49,149623,84],{"class":63},[49,149625,87],{"class":67},[49,149627,90],{"class":71},[49,149629,68],{"class":67},[49,149631,8904],{"class":63},[49,149633,3296],{"class":63},[49,149635,1999],{"class":80},[49,149637,84],{"class":63},[49,149639,7462],{"class":80},[49,149641,3561],{"class":63},[49,149643,149644,149646,149648,149651],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149645,123],{"class":122},[49,149647,126],{"class":63},[49,149649,149650],{"class":112},"nested",[49,149652,335],{"class":63},[20,149654,573],{},[40,149656,149658],{"className":42,"code":149657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149659,149660],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149661,149662,149664,149666,149668,149670,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690,149692,149694],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149663,126],{"class":63},[49,149665,2659],{"class":80},[49,149667,84],{"class":63},[49,149669,8907],{"class":63},[49,149671,397],{"class":67},[49,149673,72],{"class":71},[49,149675,397],{"class":67},[49,149677,84],{"class":63},[49,149679,406],{"class":67},[49,149681,90],{"class":71},[49,149683,397],{"class":67},[49,149685,8904],{"class":63},[49,149687,3296],{"class":63},[49,149689,1999],{"class":80},[49,149691,84],{"class":63},[49,149693,7462],{"class":80},[49,149695,3561],{"class":63},[35,149697,149699,149700],{"id":149698},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149701,37541],{},[20,149703,149704,149705,149707],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149706,37541],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149709,149710,149711,109],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[72,149712,62722],{"href":62721},[591,149714,104753],{"id":104752},[40,149716,149718],{"className":42,"code":149717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149719,149720,149742],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149721,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149723,3291],{"class":55},[49,149725,60],{"class":59},[49,149727,148860],{"class":1428},[49,149729,2656],{"class":63},[49,149731,2659],{"class":80},[49,149733,84],{"class":63},[49,149735,97],{"class":80},[49,149737,84],{"class":63},[49,149739,2120],{"class":80},[49,149741,3561],{"class":63},[49,149743,149744,149746,149748,149750],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149745,123],{"class":122},[49,149747,126],{"class":63},[49,149749,3323],{"class":112},[49,149751,335],{"class":63},[20,149753,573],{},[40,149755,149756],{"className":42,"code":149073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,149757,149758],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149759,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149761,126],{"class":63},[49,149763,2659],{"class":80},[49,149765,84],{"class":63},[49,149767,97],{"class":80},[49,149769,84],{"class":63},[49,149771,2120],{"class":80},[49,149773,335],{"class":63},[591,149775,104939],{"id":104938},[40,149777,149779],{"className":42,"code":149778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149780,149781,149799],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149782,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149784,35583],{"class":55},[49,149786,60],{"class":59},[49,149788,148860],{"class":1428},[49,149790,126],{"class":63},[49,149792,68],{"class":67},[49,149794,41057],{"class":71},[49,149796,68],{"class":67},[49,149798,335],{"class":63},[49,149800,149801,149803,149805,149807],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149802,123],{"class":122},[49,149804,126],{"class":63},[49,149806,35636],{"class":112},[49,149808,335],{"class":63},[20,149810,573],{},[40,149812,149814],{"className":42,"code":149813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149815,149816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149817,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149819,126],{"class":63},[49,149821,397],{"class":67},[49,149823,72],{"class":71},[49,149825,397],{"class":67},[49,149827,84],{"class":63},[49,149829,406],{"class":67},[49,149831,90],{"class":71},[49,149833,397],{"class":67},[49,149835,84],{"class":63},[49,149837,406],{"class":67},[49,149839,9406],{"class":71},[49,149841,397],{"class":67},[49,149843,335],{"class":63},[20,149845,149846],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[591,149848,149850],{"id":149849},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[40,149852,149854],{"className":42,"code":149853,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149855,149856,149874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149857,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149859,3495],{"class":55},[49,149861,60],{"class":59},[49,149863,148860],{"class":1428},[49,149865,126],{"class":63},[49,149867,59502],{"class":122},[49,149869,126],{"class":63},[49,149871,2174],{"class":80},[49,149873,1436],{"class":63},[49,149875,149876,149878,149880,149882],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149877,123],{"class":122},[49,149879,126],{"class":63},[49,149881,5031],{"class":112},[49,149883,335],{"class":63},[20,149885,573],{},[40,149887,149889],{"className":42,"code":149888,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149890,149891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149892,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149894,126],{"class":63},[49,149896,1790],{"class":80},[49,149898,84],{"class":63},[49,149900,81],{"class":80},[49,149902,84],{"class":63},[49,149904,97],{"class":80},[49,149906,84],{"class":63},[49,149908,2120],{"class":80},[49,149910,335],{"class":63},[20,149912,149913],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[35,149915,20284],{"id":20283},[155,149917,149918,149921,149924,149927],{},[158,149919,149920],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[158,149922,149923],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[158,149925,149926],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[158,149928,149929],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149931,149932,149933,109],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[72,149934,149936],{"href":149935},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[35,149938,1376],{"id":1375},[20,149940,149941],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[591,149943,149945],{"id":149944},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149947,149948],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[40,149950,149952],{"className":42,"code":149951,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149953,149954,149970],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149955,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964,149966,149968],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149957,28025],{"class":55},[49,149959,60],{"class":59},[49,149961,8907],{"class":63},[49,149963,68],{"class":67},[49,149965,3751],{"class":71},[49,149967,68],{"class":67},[49,149969,335],{"class":63},[49,149971,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,149973,123],{"class":122},[49,149975,126],{"class":63},[49,149977,1429],{"class":1428},[49,149979,126],{"class":63},[49,149981,22795],{"class":112},[49,149983,1436],{"class":63},[20,149985,149986],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[40,149988,149990],{"className":42,"code":149989,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149991,149992,150008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149993,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149995,28025],{"class":55},[49,149997,60],{"class":59},[49,149999,8907],{"class":63},[49,150001,68],{"class":67},[49,150003,3751],{"class":71},[49,150005,68],{"class":67},[49,150007,148850],{"class":63},[49,150009,150010,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150011,123],{"class":122},[49,150013,126],{"class":63},[49,150015,1429],{"class":1428},[49,150017,126],{"class":63},[49,150019,22795],{"class":112},[49,150021,1436],{"class":63},[591,150023,150025],{"id":150024},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150027,150028],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[40,150030,150032],{"className":42,"code":150031,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150033,150034,150054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150035,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150037,3495],{"class":55},[49,150039,60],{"class":59},[49,150041,3296],{"class":63},[49,150043,2659],{"class":80},[49,150045,84],{"class":63},[49,150047,97],{"class":80},[49,150049,84],{"class":63},[49,150051,2120],{"class":80},[49,150053,3309],{"class":63},[49,150055,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064,150066],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150057,123],{"class":122},[49,150059,126],{"class":63},[49,150061,1429],{"class":1428},[49,150063,126],{"class":63},[49,150065,5031],{"class":112},[49,150067,1436],{"class":63},[20,150069,150070],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[40,150072,150074],{"className":42,"code":150073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150075,150076,150096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150077,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150079,3495],{"class":55},[49,150081,60],{"class":59},[49,150083,8907],{"class":63},[49,150085,2659],{"class":80},[49,150087,84],{"class":63},[49,150089,97],{"class":80},[49,150091,84],{"class":63},[49,150093,2120],{"class":80},[49,150095,335],{"class":63},[49,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150099,123],{"class":122},[49,150101,126],{"class":63},[49,150103,1429],{"class":1428},[49,150105,126],{"class":63},[49,150107,5031],{"class":112},[49,150109,1436],{"class":63},[591,150111,150113],{"id":150112},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150115,149926],{},[40,150117,150119],{"className":42,"code":150118,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150120,150121,150141],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150122,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150124,3291],{"class":55},[49,150126,60],{"class":59},[49,150128,8907],{"class":63},[49,150130,2659],{"class":80},[49,150132,84],{"class":63},[49,150134,97],{"class":80},[49,150136,84],{"class":63},[49,150138,2120],{"class":80},[49,150140,335],{"class":63},[49,150142,150143],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150144,150145],{"class":134},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150147,150148],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[591,150150,36698,150152,150155],{"id":150151},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150153,150154],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150157,64148],{},[40,150159,150160],{"className":42,"code":149778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,150161,150162,150180],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150163,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150165,35583],{"class":55},[49,150167,60],{"class":59},[49,150169,148860],{"class":1428},[49,150171,126],{"class":63},[49,150173,68],{"class":67},[49,150175,41057],{"class":71},[49,150177,68],{"class":67},[49,150179,335],{"class":63},[49,150181,150182,150184,150186,150188],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150183,123],{"class":122},[49,150185,126],{"class":63},[49,150187,35636],{"class":112},[49,150189,335],{"class":63},[20,150191,150192],{},"gives:",[40,150194,150195],{"className":42,"code":149813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,150196,150197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150198,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150200,126],{"class":63},[49,150202,397],{"class":67},[49,150204,72],{"class":71},[49,150206,397],{"class":67},[49,150208,84],{"class":63},[49,150210,406],{"class":67},[49,150212,90],{"class":71},[49,150214,397],{"class":67},[49,150216,84],{"class":63},[49,150218,406],{"class":67},[49,150220,9406],{"class":71},[49,150222,397],{"class":67},[49,150224,335],{"class":63},[20,150226,150227],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[40,150229,150231],{"className":42,"code":150230,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150232,150233,150249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150234,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150236,5827],{"class":55},[49,150238,60],{"class":59},[49,150240,8907],{"class":63},[49,150242,68],{"class":67},[49,150244,41057],{"class":71},[49,150246,68],{"class":67},[49,150248,148850],{"class":63},[49,150250,150251,150253,150255,150257],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150252,123],{"class":122},[49,150254,126],{"class":63},[49,150256,37886],{"class":112},[49,150258,335],{"class":63},[20,150260,573],{},[40,150262,150264],{"className":42,"code":150263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('abc',)\n",[15,150265,150266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150267,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150269,126],{"class":63},[49,150271,397],{"class":67},[49,150273,41057],{"class":71},[49,150275,397],{"class":67},[49,150277,148850],{"class":63},[591,150279,150281],{"id":150280},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150283,150284],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[40,150286,150288],{"className":42,"code":150287,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150289,150290,150307,150311,150321,150335],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150291,150292,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150293,150294],{"class":55},"my_tuple ",[49,150296,60],{"class":59},[49,150298,8907],{"class":63},[49,150300,68],{"class":67},[49,150302,3751],{"class":71},[49,150304,68],{"class":67},[49,150306,148850],{"class":63},[49,150308,150309],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150310,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,150312,150313,150315,150317,150319],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,150314,123],{"class":122},[49,150316,126],{"class":63},[49,150318,147512],{"class":112},[49,150320,335],{"class":63},[49,150322,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331,150333],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,150324,123],{"class":122},[49,150326,126],{"class":63},[49,150328,1429],{"class":1428},[49,150330,126],{"class":63},[49,150332,147512],{"class":112},[49,150334,1436],{"class":63},[49,150336,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,150338,123],{"class":122},[49,150340,126],{"class":63},[49,150342,10824],{"class":122},[49,150344,126],{"class":63},[49,150346,147512],{"class":112},[49,150348,1436],{"class":63},[35,150350,1498],{"id":1497},[591,150352,150354],{"id":150353},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150356,150357,150358,150361],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150359,150360],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[591,150363,150365],{"id":150364},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150367,150368],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[591,150370,150372],{"id":150371},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150374,150375],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[591,150377,150379],{"id":150378},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150381,150382],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[591,150384,1512,150386,1515],{"id":150385},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150387,150154],{},[20,150389,1518,150390,150393],{},[15,150391,150392],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[35,150395,1550],{"id":1549},[155,150397,150398,150402,150406,150412,150417,150422,150426],{},[158,150399,150400],{},[72,150401,147494],{"href":147493},[158,150403,150404],{},[72,150405,149167],{"href":149166},[158,150407,150408],{},[72,150409,150411],{"href":150410},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[158,150413,150414],{},[72,150415,150416],{"href":148732},"Python tuple length with len()",[158,150418,150419],{},[72,150420,150421],{"href":148797},"What is a tuple in Python?",[158,150423,150424],{},[72,150425,62722],{"href":62721},[158,150427,150428],{},[72,150429,150430],{"href":149935},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1597,150432,150433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":150435},[150436,150437,150438,150439,150440,150441,150447,150453,150454,150462,150470],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":14641,"depth":103,"text":14642},{"id":149026,"depth":103,"text":149027},{"id":149170,"depth":103,"text":149171},{"id":149263,"depth":103,"text":149264},{"id":149456,"depth":103,"text":149457,"children":150442},[150443,150444,150445,150446],{"id":3323,"depth":119,"text":55964},{"id":4981,"depth":119,"text":55967},{"id":149548,"depth":119,"text":149549},{"id":149591,"depth":119,"text":149592},{"id":149698,"depth":103,"text":150448,"children":150449},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150450,150451,150452],{"id":104752,"depth":119,"text":104753},{"id":104938,"depth":119,"text":104939},{"id":149849,"depth":119,"text":149850},{"id":20283,"depth":103,"text":20284},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":150455},[150456,150457,150458,150459,150461],{"id":149944,"depth":119,"text":149945},{"id":150024,"depth":119,"text":150025},{"id":150112,"depth":119,"text":150113},{"id":150151,"depth":119,"text":150460},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150280,"depth":119,"text":150281},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":150463},[150464,150465,150466,150467,150468],{"id":150353,"depth":119,"text":150354},{"id":150364,"depth":119,"text":150365},{"id":150371,"depth":119,"text":150372},{"id":150378,"depth":119,"text":150379},{"id":150385,"depth":119,"text":150469},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148783,"description":150471},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150478,"title":150479,"body":150480,"description":152025,"extension":1632,"meta":152026,"navigation":312,"path":152027,"seo":152028,"stem":152029,"__hash__":152030},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150481,"toc":151995},[150482,150485,150490,150492,150505,150511,150513,150580,150582,150617,150622,150626,150630,150632,150643,150651,150653,150655,150676,150678,150698,150701,150703,150708,150751,150753,150775,150778,150791,150795,150799,150802,150855,150857,150878,150883,150887,150890,150935,150937,150970,150982,150986,150994,151031,151033,151062,151066,151069,151122,151124,151144,151151,151155,151160,151229,151231,151256,151260,151263,151269,151346,151348,151407,151409,151421,151426,151430,151434,151448,151450,151485,151487,151504,151507,151520,151524,151528,151539,151544,151559,151562,151565,151567,151570,151574,151576,151590,151592,151616,151621,151625,151628,151647,151650,151699,151704,151721,151724,151757,151761,151763,151814,151817,151842,151845,151868,151872,151878,151880,151915,151918,151923,151925,151929,151932,151936,151941,151945,151948,151952,151955,151959,151964,151966,151992],[10,150483,150479],{"id":150484},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150486,8798,150487,150489],{},[15,150488,37541],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150491,82094],{},[155,150493,150494,150499],{},[158,150495,150496,150498],{},[15,150497,37541],{}," creates an empty tuple",[158,150500,150501,150504],{},[15,150502,150503],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150506,150507,150508,150510],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150509,37541],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[35,150512,38],{"id":37},[40,150514,150516],{"className":42,"code":150515,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150517,150518,150538,150552,150556,150566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150519,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150521,3291],{"class":55},[49,150523,60],{"class":59},[49,150525,3296],{"class":63},[49,150527,2659],{"class":80},[49,150529,84],{"class":63},[49,150531,97],{"class":80},[49,150533,84],{"class":63},[49,150535,2120],{"class":80},[49,150537,3309],{"class":63},[49,150539,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150541,534],{"class":55},[49,150543,60],{"class":59},[49,150545,148860],{"class":1428},[49,150547,126],{"class":63},[49,150549,3323],{"class":112},[49,150551,335],{"class":63},[49,150553,150554],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,150555,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,150557,150558,150560,150562,150564],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,150559,123],{"class":122},[49,150561,126],{"class":63},[49,150563,558],{"class":112},[49,150565,335],{"class":63},[49,150567,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,150569,123],{"class":122},[49,150571,126],{"class":63},[49,150573,1429],{"class":1428},[49,150575,126],{"class":63},[49,150577,558],{"class":112},[49,150579,1436],{"class":63},[20,150581,573],{},[40,150583,150585],{"className":42,"code":150584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150586,150587,150603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150588,150589,150591,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150590,126],{"class":63},[49,150592,2659],{"class":80},[49,150594,84],{"class":63},[49,150596,97],{"class":80},[49,150598,84],{"class":63},[49,150600,2120],{"class":80},[49,150602,335],{"class":63},[49,150604,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150606,2962],{"class":59},[49,150608,2965],{"class":1734},[49,150610,406],{"class":67},[49,150612,48453],{"class":71},[49,150614,397],{"class":67},[49,150616,2974],{"class":59},[20,150618,1762,150619,150621],{},[15,150620,150503],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[35,150623,150625],{"id":150624},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150627,150628,62430],{},[15,150629,37541],{},[20,150631,48427],{},[155,150633,150634,150637,150640],{},[158,150635,150636],{},"creates a tuple object",[158,150638,150639],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[158,150641,150642],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150644,150645,150646,150648,150649,109],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[72,150647,148798],{"href":148797}," or the full guide to ",[72,150650,147494],{"href":147493},[35,150652,189],{"id":188},[20,150654,25973],{},[40,150656,150658],{"className":42,"code":150657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150659,150660,150666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150661,150662,150664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150663,48453],{"class":1428},[49,150665,116],{"class":63},[49,150667,150668,150670,150672,150674],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150669,48453],{"class":1428},[49,150671,126],{"class":63},[49,150673,3394],{"class":112},[49,150675,335],{"class":63},[20,150677,208],{},[155,150679,150680,150683],{},[158,150681,150682],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[158,150684,150685,150686],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[155,150687,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696],{},[158,150689,4972],{},[158,150691,4981],{},[158,150693,62501],{},[158,150695,4978],{},[158,150697,6922],{},[20,150699,150700],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[35,150702,149171],{"id":149170},[20,150704,29137,150705,150707],{},[15,150706,37541],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[40,150709,150711],{"className":42,"code":150710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150712,150713,150723,150727,150737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150714,150715,150717,150719,150721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150716,124358],{"class":55},[49,150718,60],{"class":59},[49,150720,148860],{"class":1428},[49,150722,116],{"class":63},[49,150724,150725],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150726,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,150728,150729,150731,150733,150735],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,150730,123],{"class":122},[49,150732,126],{"class":63},[49,150734,124409],{"class":112},[49,150736,335],{"class":63},[49,150738,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747,150749],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,150740,123],{"class":122},[49,150742,126],{"class":63},[49,150744,1429],{"class":1428},[49,150746,126],{"class":63},[49,150748,124409],{"class":112},[49,150750,1436],{"class":63},[20,150752,573],{},[40,150754,150755],{"className":42,"code":149216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,150756,150757,150761],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150758,150759],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150760,116],{"class":63},[49,150762,150763,150765,150767,150769,150771,150773],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150764,2962],{"class":59},[49,150766,2965],{"class":1734},[49,150768,406],{"class":67},[49,150770,48453],{"class":71},[49,150772,397],{"class":67},[49,150774,2974],{"class":59},[20,150776,150777],{},"This is equivalent to:",[40,150779,150781],{"className":42,"code":150780,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = ()\n",[15,150782,150783],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150784,150785,150787,150789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150786,124358],{"class":55},[49,150788,60],{"class":59},[49,150790,148836],{"class":63},[35,150792,150794],{"id":150793},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[591,150796,150798],{"id":150797},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150800,150801],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[40,150803,150805],{"className":42,"code":150804,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150806,150807,150827,150841,150845],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150808,150809,150811,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150810,3291],{"class":55},[49,150812,60],{"class":59},[49,150814,3296],{"class":63},[49,150816,1999],{"class":80},[49,150818,84],{"class":63},[49,150820,7462],{"class":80},[49,150822,84],{"class":63},[49,150824,7467],{"class":80},[49,150826,3309],{"class":63},[49,150828,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150830,534],{"class":55},[49,150832,60],{"class":59},[49,150834,148860],{"class":1428},[49,150836,126],{"class":63},[49,150838,3323],{"class":112},[49,150840,335],{"class":63},[49,150842,150843],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,150844,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,150846,150847,150849,150851,150853],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,150848,123],{"class":122},[49,150850,126],{"class":63},[49,150852,558],{"class":112},[49,150854,335],{"class":63},[20,150856,573],{},[40,150858,150860],{"className":42,"code":150859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150861,150862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150863,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150865,126],{"class":63},[49,150867,1999],{"class":80},[49,150869,84],{"class":63},[49,150871,7462],{"class":80},[49,150873,84],{"class":63},[49,150875,7467],{"class":80},[49,150877,335],{"class":63},[20,150879,150880,150881,109],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[72,150882,104558],{"href":59559},[591,150884,150886],{"id":150885},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150888,150889],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[40,150891,150893],{"className":42,"code":150892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150894,150895,150907,150921,150925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150896,150897,150899,150901,150903,150905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150898,34178],{"class":55},[49,150900,60],{"class":59},[49,150902,87],{"class":67},[49,150904,36541],{"class":71},[49,150906,301],{"class":67},[49,150908,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,150910,534],{"class":55},[49,150912,60],{"class":59},[49,150914,148860],{"class":1428},[49,150916,126],{"class":63},[49,150918,34199],{"class":112},[49,150920,335],{"class":63},[49,150922,150923],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,150924,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,150926,150927,150929,150931,150933],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,150928,123],{"class":122},[49,150930,126],{"class":63},[49,150932,558],{"class":112},[49,150934,335],{"class":63},[20,150936,573],{},[40,150938,150940],{"className":42,"code":150939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150941,150942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150943,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966,150968],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150945,126],{"class":63},[49,150947,397],{"class":67},[49,150949,9406],{"class":71},[49,150951,397],{"class":67},[49,150953,84],{"class":63},[49,150955,406],{"class":67},[49,150957,72],{"class":71},[49,150959,397],{"class":67},[49,150961,84],{"class":63},[49,150963,406],{"class":67},[49,150965,62791],{"class":71},[49,150967,397],{"class":67},[49,150969,335],{"class":63},[20,150971,150972,150973,13532,150976,150978,150979,109],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150974,150975],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[30,150977,600],{}," create ",[15,150980,150981],{},"('cat',)",[591,150983,150985],{"id":150984},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150987,150988,150990,150991,150993],{},[15,150989,35691],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150992,37541],{}," collects them all.",[40,150995,150997],{"className":42,"code":150996,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150998,150999,151017,151021],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151000,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151002,534],{"class":55},[49,151004,60],{"class":59},[49,151006,148860],{"class":1428},[49,151008,126],{"class":63},[49,151010,59502],{"class":122},[49,151012,126],{"class":63},[49,151014,1807],{"class":80},[49,151016,1436],{"class":63},[49,151018,151019],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151020,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,151022,151023,151025,151027,151029],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,151024,123],{"class":122},[49,151026,126],{"class":63},[49,151028,558],{"class":112},[49,151030,335],{"class":63},[20,151032,573],{},[40,151034,151036],{"className":42,"code":151035,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151037,151038],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151039,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056,151058,151060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151041,126],{"class":63},[49,151043,1790],{"class":80},[49,151045,84],{"class":63},[49,151047,81],{"class":80},[49,151049,84],{"class":63},[49,151051,97],{"class":80},[49,151053,84],{"class":63},[49,151055,2120],{"class":80},[49,151057,84],{"class":63},[49,151059,2126],{"class":80},[49,151061,335],{"class":63},[591,151063,151065],{"id":151064},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151067,151068],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[40,151070,151072],{"className":42,"code":151071,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151073,151074,151094,151108,151112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151075,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151077,3495],{"class":55},[49,151079,60],{"class":59},[49,151081,64],{"class":63},[49,151083,2659],{"class":80},[49,151085,84],{"class":63},[49,151087,97],{"class":80},[49,151089,84],{"class":63},[49,151091,2120],{"class":80},[49,151093,100],{"class":63},[49,151095,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151097,534],{"class":55},[49,151099,60],{"class":59},[49,151101,148860],{"class":1428},[49,151103,126],{"class":63},[49,151105,5031],{"class":112},[49,151107,335],{"class":63},[49,151109,151110],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,151111,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,151113,151114,151116,151118,151120],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,151115,123],{"class":122},[49,151117,126],{"class":63},[49,151119,558],{"class":112},[49,151121,335],{"class":63},[20,151123,573],{},[40,151125,151126],{"className":42,"code":149073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151127,151128],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151129,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151131,126],{"class":63},[49,151133,2659],{"class":80},[49,151135,84],{"class":63},[49,151137,97],{"class":80},[49,151139,84],{"class":63},[49,151141,2120],{"class":80},[49,151143,335],{"class":63},[20,151145,151146,151147,109],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[72,151148,151150],{"href":151149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[591,151152,151154],{"id":151153},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151156,63044,151157,151159],{},[15,151158,37541],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[40,151161,151163],{"className":42,"code":151162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151164,151165,151201,151215,151219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151166,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197,151199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151168,12682],{"class":55},[49,151170,60],{"class":59},[49,151172,64],{"class":63},[49,151174,68],{"class":67},[49,151176,251],{"class":71},[49,151178,68],{"class":67},[49,151180,77],{"class":63},[49,151182,87],{"class":67},[49,151184,12357],{"class":71},[49,151186,68],{"class":67},[49,151188,84],{"class":63},[49,151190,87],{"class":67},[49,151192,272],{"class":71},[49,151194,68],{"class":67},[49,151196,77],{"class":63},[49,151198,279],{"class":80},[49,151200,100],{"class":63},[49,151202,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151204,534],{"class":55},[49,151206,60],{"class":59},[49,151208,148860],{"class":1428},[49,151210,126],{"class":63},[49,151212,16788],{"class":112},[49,151214,335],{"class":63},[49,151216,151217],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,151218,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,151220,151221,151223,151225,151227],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,151222,123],{"class":122},[49,151224,126],{"class":63},[49,151226,558],{"class":112},[49,151228,335],{"class":63},[20,151230,29517],{},[40,151232,151234],{"className":42,"code":151233,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151235,151236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151237,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252,151254],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151239,126],{"class":63},[49,151241,397],{"class":67},[49,151243,251],{"class":71},[49,151245,397],{"class":67},[49,151247,84],{"class":63},[49,151249,406],{"class":67},[49,151251,272],{"class":71},[49,151253,397],{"class":67},[49,151255,335],{"class":63},[35,151257,151259],{"id":151258},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151261,151262],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151264,151265,151268],{},[15,151266,151267],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[40,151270,151272],{"className":42,"code":151271,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151273,151274,151310,151314,151328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151275,151276,151278,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306,151308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151277,12682],{"class":55},[49,151279,60],{"class":59},[49,151281,64],{"class":63},[49,151283,68],{"class":67},[49,151285,251],{"class":71},[49,151287,68],{"class":67},[49,151289,77],{"class":63},[49,151291,87],{"class":67},[49,151293,12357],{"class":71},[49,151295,68],{"class":67},[49,151297,84],{"class":63},[49,151299,87],{"class":67},[49,151301,272],{"class":71},[49,151303,68],{"class":67},[49,151305,77],{"class":63},[49,151307,279],{"class":80},[49,151309,100],{"class":63},[49,151311,151312],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151313,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,151315,151316,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,151317,123],{"class":122},[49,151319,126],{"class":63},[49,151321,48453],{"class":1428},[49,151323,126],{"class":63},[49,151325,16788],{"class":112},[49,151327,1436],{"class":63},[49,151329,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,151331,123],{"class":122},[49,151333,126],{"class":63},[49,151335,48453],{"class":1428},[49,151337,126],{"class":63},[49,151339,16788],{"class":112},[49,151341,109],{"class":63},[49,151343,7482],{"class":112},[49,151345,5963],{"class":63},[20,151347,573],{},[40,151349,151351],{"className":42,"code":151350,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151352,151353,151373],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151354,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151356,126],{"class":63},[49,151358,397],{"class":67},[49,151360,251],{"class":71},[49,151362,397],{"class":67},[49,151364,84],{"class":63},[49,151366,406],{"class":67},[49,151368,272],{"class":71},[49,151370,397],{"class":67},[49,151372,335],{"class":63},[49,151374,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151376,5183],{"class":63},[49,151378,397],{"class":67},[49,151380,251],{"class":71},[49,151382,397],{"class":67},[49,151384,84],{"class":63},[49,151386,406],{"class":67},[49,151388,12357],{"class":71},[49,151390,397],{"class":67},[49,151392,8904],{"class":63},[49,151394,8907],{"class":63},[49,151396,397],{"class":67},[49,151398,272],{"class":71},[49,151400,397],{"class":67},[49,151402,84],{"class":63},[49,151404,279],{"class":80},[49,151406,1436],{"class":63},[20,151408,18177],{},[155,151410,151411,151416],{},[158,151412,151413,151415],{},[15,151414,151267],{}," for keys",[158,151417,151418,32046],{},[15,151419,151420],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151422,151423,151424,109],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[72,151425,63054],{"href":63053},[35,151427,151429],{"id":151428},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151431,151432,17801],{},[15,151433,37541],{},[155,151435,151436,151439,151442,151445],{},[158,151437,151438],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[158,151440,151441],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[158,151443,151444],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[158,151446,151447],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151449,1244],{},[40,151451,151453],{"className":42,"code":151452,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151454,151455,151474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151456,151457,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151458,151459],{"class":55},"coordinates ",[49,151461,60],{"class":59},[49,151463,148860],{"class":1428},[49,151465,2656],{"class":63},[49,151467,2174],{"class":80},[49,151469,84],{"class":63},[49,151471,5666],{"class":80},[49,151473,3561],{"class":63},[49,151475,151476,151478,151480,151483],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151477,123],{"class":122},[49,151479,126],{"class":63},[49,151481,151482],{"class":112},"coordinates",[49,151484,335],{"class":63},[20,151486,573],{},[40,151488,151490],{"className":42,"code":151489,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151491,151492],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151493,151494,151496,151498,151500,151502],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151495,126],{"class":63},[49,151497,2174],{"class":80},[49,151499,84],{"class":63},[49,151501,5666],{"class":80},[49,151503,335],{"class":63},[20,151505,151506],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[155,151508,151509,151511,151514,151517],{},[158,151510,151482],{},[158,151512,151513],{},"RGB colors",[158,151515,151516],{},"dates",[158,151518,151519],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[35,151521,151523],{"id":151522},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151525,43927,151526,10265],{},[15,151527,37541],{},[155,151529,151530,151533,151536],{},[158,151531,151532],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[158,151534,151535],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[158,151537,151538],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151540,115985,151541,151543],{},[30,151542,600],{}," work:",[40,151545,151547],{"className":42,"code":151546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151548,151549],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151550,151551,151553,151555,151557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151552,48453],{"class":1428},[49,151554,126],{"class":63},[49,151556,1807],{"class":80},[49,151558,335],{"class":63},[20,151560,151561],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151563,151564],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[35,151566,114823],{"id":114822},[20,151568,151569],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[591,151571,151573],{"id":151572},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151575,2506],{},[40,151577,151578],{"className":42,"code":151546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151579,151580],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151581,151582,151584,151586,151588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151583,48453],{"class":1428},[49,151585,126],{"class":63},[49,151587,1807],{"class":80},[49,151589,335],{"class":63},[20,151591,29168],{},[40,151593,151594],{"className":42,"code":63158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151595,151596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151597,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151599,2676],{"class":1428},[49,151601,77],{"class":63},[49,151603,406],{"class":67},[49,151605,1857],{"class":71},[49,151607,397],{"class":67},[49,151609,24102],{"class":1428},[49,151611,7770],{"class":59},[49,151613,7773],{"class":59},[49,151615,63181],{"class":55},[20,151617,151618,151619,109],{},"If you see this, read ",[72,151620,61795],{"href":52101},[591,151622,151624],{"id":151623},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151626,151627],{},"This code:",[40,151629,151631],{"className":42,"code":151630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151632,151633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151634,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151636,48453],{"class":1428},[49,151638,126],{"class":63},[49,151640,68],{"class":67},[49,151642,3518],{"class":71},[49,151644,68],{"class":67},[49,151646,335],{"class":63},[20,151648,151649],{},"returns:",[40,151651,151653],{"className":42,"code":151652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151654,151655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151656,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151658,126],{"class":63},[49,151660,397],{"class":67},[49,151662,59942],{"class":71},[49,151664,397],{"class":67},[49,151666,84],{"class":63},[49,151668,406],{"class":67},[49,151670,59951],{"class":71},[49,151672,397],{"class":67},[49,151674,84],{"class":63},[49,151676,406],{"class":67},[49,151678,59960],{"class":71},[49,151680,397],{"class":67},[49,151682,84],{"class":63},[49,151684,406],{"class":67},[49,151686,59960],{"class":71},[49,151688,397],{"class":67},[49,151690,84],{"class":63},[49,151692,406],{"class":67},[49,151694,59977],{"class":71},[49,151696,397],{"class":67},[49,151698,335],{"class":63},[20,151700,40402,151701,151703],{},[30,151702,600],{}," return:",[40,151705,151707],{"className":42,"code":151706,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('hello',)\n",[15,151708,151709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151710,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151712,126],{"class":63},[49,151714,397],{"class":67},[49,151716,3518],{"class":71},[49,151718,397],{"class":67},[49,151720,148850],{"class":63},[20,151722,151723],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[40,151725,151727],{"className":42,"code":151726,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151728,151729,151746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151730,151731,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151732,151733],{"class":55},"single ",[49,151735,60],{"class":59},[49,151737,8907],{"class":63},[49,151739,68],{"class":67},[49,151741,3518],{"class":71},[49,151743,68],{"class":67},[49,151745,148850],{"class":63},[49,151747,151748,151750,151752,151755],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151749,123],{"class":122},[49,151751,126],{"class":63},[49,151753,151754],{"class":112},"single",[49,151756,335],{"class":63},[591,151758,151760],{"id":151759},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151762,151627],{},[40,151764,151766],{"className":42,"code":151765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151767,151768,151800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151769,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151771,56],{"class":55},[49,151773,60],{"class":59},[49,151775,64],{"class":63},[49,151777,68],{"class":67},[49,151779,72],{"class":71},[49,151781,68],{"class":67},[49,151783,77],{"class":63},[49,151785,81],{"class":80},[49,151787,84],{"class":63},[49,151789,87],{"class":67},[49,151791,90],{"class":71},[49,151793,68],{"class":67},[49,151795,77],{"class":63},[49,151797,97],{"class":80},[49,151799,100],{"class":63},[49,151801,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151803,123],{"class":122},[49,151805,126],{"class":63},[49,151807,48453],{"class":1428},[49,151809,126],{"class":63},[49,151811,106],{"class":112},[49,151813,1436],{"class":63},[20,151815,151816],{},"returns only the keys:",[40,151818,151820],{"className":42,"code":151819,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151821,151822],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151823,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151825,126],{"class":63},[49,151827,397],{"class":67},[49,151829,72],{"class":71},[49,151831,397],{"class":67},[49,151833,84],{"class":63},[49,151835,406],{"class":67},[49,151837,90],{"class":71},[49,151839,397],{"class":67},[49,151841,335],{"class":63},[20,151843,151844],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[40,151846,151848],{"className":42,"code":151847,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151849,151850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151851,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151853,123],{"class":122},[49,151855,126],{"class":63},[49,151857,48453],{"class":1428},[49,151859,126],{"class":63},[49,151861,106],{"class":112},[49,151863,109],{"class":63},[49,151865,7482],{"class":112},[49,151867,5963],{"class":63},[591,151869,151871],{"id":151870},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151873,151874,151875,151877],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151876,37541],{}," conversion.",[20,151879,5145],{},[40,151881,151883],{"className":42,"code":151882,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151884,151885,151905],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151886,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151888,2115],{"class":55},[49,151890,60],{"class":59},[49,151892,8907],{"class":63},[49,151894,2659],{"class":80},[49,151896,84],{"class":63},[49,151898,97],{"class":80},[49,151900,84],{"class":63},[49,151902,2120],{"class":80},[49,151904,335],{"class":63},[49,151906,151907,151909,151911,151913],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,151908,123],{"class":122},[49,151910,126],{"class":63},[49,151912,2142],{"class":112},[49,151914,335],{"class":63},[20,151916,151917],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151919,24991,151920,151922],{},[15,151921,37541],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[35,151924,1498],{"id":1497},[591,151926,151928],{"id":151927},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151930,151931],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[591,151933,151935],{"id":151934},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151937,151938,151939,109],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151940,7037],{},[591,151942,151944],{"id":151943},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151946,151947],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[591,151949,151951],{"id":151950},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151953,151954],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[591,151956,151958],{"id":151957},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151960,151961,151962,109],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151963,2676],{},[35,151965,1550],{"id":1549},[155,151967,151968,151972,151976,151980,151984,151988],{},[158,151969,151970],{},[72,151971,147494],{"href":147493},[158,151973,151974],{},[72,151975,150421],{"href":148797},[158,151977,151978],{},[72,151979,104558],{"href":59559},[158,151981,151982],{},[72,151983,151150],{"href":151149},[158,151985,151986],{},[72,151987,63054],{"href":63053},[158,151989,151990],{},[72,151991,61795],{"href":52101},[1597,151993,151994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":151996},[151997,151998,151999,152000,152001,152008,152009,152010,152011,152017,152024],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":150624,"depth":103,"text":150625},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":149170,"depth":103,"text":149171},{"id":150793,"depth":103,"text":150794,"children":152002},[152003,152004,152005,152006,152007],{"id":150797,"depth":119,"text":150798},{"id":150885,"depth":119,"text":150886},{"id":150984,"depth":119,"text":150985},{"id":151064,"depth":119,"text":151065},{"id":151153,"depth":119,"text":151154},{"id":151258,"depth":103,"text":151259},{"id":151428,"depth":103,"text":151429},{"id":151522,"depth":103,"text":151523},{"id":114822,"depth":103,"text":114823,"children":152012},[152013,152014,152015,152016],{"id":151572,"depth":119,"text":151573},{"id":151623,"depth":119,"text":151624},{"id":151759,"depth":119,"text":151760},{"id":151870,"depth":119,"text":151871},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":152018},[152019,152020,152021,152022,152023],{"id":151927,"depth":119,"text":151928},{"id":151934,"depth":119,"text":151935},{"id":151943,"depth":119,"text":151944},{"id":151950,"depth":119,"text":151951},{"id":151957,"depth":119,"text":151958},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150479,"description":152025},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152032,"title":152033,"body":152034,"description":153447,"extension":1632,"meta":153448,"navigation":312,"path":153449,"seo":153450,"stem":153451,"__hash__":153452},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152035,"toc":153419},[152036,152041,152046,152049,152051,152130,152136,152141,152145,152160,152162,152209,152211,152219,152227,152233,152235,152240,152260,152263,152290,152292,152316,152318,152460,152462,152466,152474,152477,152479,152556,152558,152566,152570,152574,152584,152594,152596,152601,152603,152662,152667,152669,152769,152771,152785,152790,152796,152803,152806,152808,152918,152922,152939,152941,153004,153006,153014,153026,153030,153035,153063,153066,153148,153150,153161,153163,153167,153194,153196,153198,153278,153286,153288,153343,153345,153350,153353,153357,153361,153363,153367,153371,153379,153386,153389,153391,153416],[10,152037,147378,152039,18],{"id":152038},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152040,58471],{},[20,152042,152043,152045],{},[15,152044,148699],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152047,152048],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[35,152050,38],{"id":37},[40,152052,152054],{"className":42,"code":152053,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152055,152056,152096,152118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152057,152058,152060,152062,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152059,12553],{"class":55},[49,152061,60],{"class":59},[49,152063,8907],{"class":63},[49,152065,68],{"class":67},[49,152067,12570],{"class":71},[49,152069,68],{"class":67},[49,152071,84],{"class":63},[49,152073,87],{"class":67},[49,152075,12587],{"class":71},[49,152077,68],{"class":67},[49,152079,84],{"class":63},[49,152081,87],{"class":67},[49,152083,16937],{"class":71},[49,152085,68],{"class":67},[49,152087,84],{"class":63},[49,152089,87],{"class":67},[49,152091,12587],{"class":71},[49,152093,68],{"class":67},[49,152095,335],{"class":63},[49,152097,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,152099,64424],{"class":55},[49,152101,60],{"class":59},[49,152103,12601],{"class":55},[49,152105,109],{"class":63},[49,152107,35338],{"class":112},[49,152109,126],{"class":63},[49,152111,68],{"class":67},[49,152113,12587],{"class":71},[49,152115,68],{"class":67},[49,152117,335],{"class":63},[49,152119,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,152121,123],{"class":122},[49,152123,126],{"class":63},[49,152125,64451],{"class":112},[49,152127,131],{"class":63},[49,152129,27266],{"class":134},[20,152131,152132,152135],{},[15,152133,152134],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[35,152137,144,152139,147],{"id":152138},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152140,148699],{},[20,152142,150,152143,153],{},[15,152144,58471],{},[155,152146,152147,152150,152152,152155],{},[158,152148,152149],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[158,152151,127976],{},[158,152153,152154],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[158,152156,152157,152158],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152159,1790],{},[20,152161,1244],{},[40,152163,152165],{"className":42,"code":152164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152166,152167,152191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152168,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152170,3291],{"class":55},[49,152172,60],{"class":59},[49,152174,8907],{"class":63},[49,152176,1999],{"class":80},[49,152178,84],{"class":63},[49,152180,7462],{"class":80},[49,152182,84],{"class":63},[49,152184,7467],{"class":80},[49,152186,84],{"class":63},[49,152188,7462],{"class":80},[49,152190,335],{"class":63},[49,152192,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,152194,123],{"class":122},[49,152196,126],{"class":63},[49,152198,3323],{"class":112},[49,152200,109],{"class":63},[49,152202,35338],{"class":112},[49,152204,126],{"class":63},[49,152206,15234],{"class":80},[49,152208,1436],{"class":63},[20,152210,573],{},[40,152212,152213],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,152214,152215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152216,152217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152218,46416],{"class":80},[20,152220,20461,152221,152223,152224,152226],{},[15,152222,15234],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152225,58471],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152228,150645,152229,109],{},[72,152230,152232],{"href":152231},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[35,152234,189],{"id":188},[20,152236,7434,152237,152239],{},[15,152238,58471],{}," in two ways:",[40,152241,152243],{"className":42,"code":152242,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152244,152245],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152246,152247,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152248,152249],{"class":55},"tuple_name",[49,152251,109],{"class":63},[49,152253,35338],{"class":112},[49,152255,126],{"class":63},[49,152257,2142],{"class":112},[49,152259,335],{"class":63},[20,152261,152262],{},"or:",[40,152264,152266],{"className":42,"code":152265,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152267,152268],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152269,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152271,152249],{"class":55},[49,152273,109],{"class":63},[49,152275,35338],{"class":112},[49,152277,126],{"class":63},[49,152279,2142],{"class":112},[49,152281,84],{"class":63},[49,152283,35544],{"class":112},[49,152285,84],{"class":63},[49,152287,64545],{"class":112},[49,152289,335],{"class":63},[591,152291,16876],{"id":16875},[155,152293,152294,152299,152304,152309],{},[158,152295,152296,152298],{},[15,152297,2142],{}," — the item to search for",[158,152300,152301,152303],{},[15,152302,35565],{}," — optional starting position",[158,152305,152306,152308],{},[15,152307,52162],{}," — optional ending position",[158,152310,152311,4457,152313,152315],{},[15,152312,52162],{},[30,152314,64574],{}," in the search",[20,152317,1244],{},[40,152319,152321],{"className":42,"code":152320,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152322,152323,152371,152375,152400,152428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152324,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152326,35583],{"class":55},[49,152328,60],{"class":59},[49,152330,8907],{"class":63},[49,152332,68],{"class":67},[49,152334,72],{"class":71},[49,152336,68],{"class":67},[49,152338,84],{"class":63},[49,152340,87],{"class":67},[49,152342,90],{"class":71},[49,152344,68],{"class":67},[49,152346,84],{"class":63},[49,152348,87],{"class":67},[49,152350,9406],{"class":71},[49,152352,68],{"class":67},[49,152354,84],{"class":63},[49,152356,87],{"class":67},[49,152358,90],{"class":71},[49,152360,68],{"class":67},[49,152362,84],{"class":63},[49,152364,87],{"class":67},[49,152366,18250],{"class":71},[49,152368,68],{"class":67},[49,152370,335],{"class":63},[49,152372,152373],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,152374,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,152376,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,152378,123],{"class":122},[49,152380,126],{"class":63},[49,152382,35636],{"class":112},[49,152384,109],{"class":63},[49,152386,35338],{"class":112},[49,152388,126],{"class":63},[49,152390,68],{"class":67},[49,152392,90],{"class":71},[49,152394,68],{"class":67},[49,152396,5034],{"class":63},[49,152398,152399],{"class":134},"        # 1\n",[49,152401,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,152403,123],{"class":122},[49,152405,126],{"class":63},[49,152407,35636],{"class":112},[49,152409,109],{"class":63},[49,152411,35338],{"class":112},[49,152413,126],{"class":63},[49,152415,68],{"class":67},[49,152417,90],{"class":71},[49,152419,68],{"class":67},[49,152421,84],{"class":63},[49,152423,97],{"class":80},[49,152425,5034],{"class":63},[49,152427,50419],{"class":134},[49,152429,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,152431,123],{"class":122},[49,152433,126],{"class":63},[49,152435,35636],{"class":112},[49,152437,109],{"class":63},[49,152439,35338],{"class":112},[49,152441,126],{"class":63},[49,152443,68],{"class":67},[49,152445,90],{"class":71},[49,152447,68],{"class":67},[49,152449,84],{"class":63},[49,152451,81],{"class":80},[49,152453,84],{"class":63},[49,152455,2120],{"class":80},[49,152457,5034],{"class":63},[49,152459,27266],{"class":134},[35,152461,102885],{"id":102884},[20,152463,152464,24994],{},[15,152465,148699],{},[155,152467,152468,152471],{},[158,152469,152470],{},"An integer",[158,152472,152473],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152475,152476],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152478,1244],{},[40,152480,152482],{"className":42,"code":152481,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152483,152484,152524,152546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152485,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152487,107984],{"class":55},[49,152489,60],{"class":59},[49,152491,8907],{"class":63},[49,152493,68],{"class":67},[49,152495,36541],{"class":71},[49,152497,68],{"class":67},[49,152499,84],{"class":63},[49,152501,87],{"class":67},[49,152503,57630],{"class":71},[49,152505,68],{"class":67},[49,152507,84],{"class":63},[49,152509,87],{"class":67},[49,152511,57647],{"class":71},[49,152513,68],{"class":67},[49,152515,84],{"class":63},[49,152517,87],{"class":67},[49,152519,57630],{"class":71},[49,152521,68],{"class":67},[49,152523,335],{"class":63},[49,152525,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,152527,534],{"class":55},[49,152529,60],{"class":59},[49,152531,108027],{"class":55},[49,152533,109],{"class":63},[49,152535,35338],{"class":112},[49,152537,126],{"class":63},[49,152539,68],{"class":67},[49,152541,57630],{"class":71},[49,152543,68],{"class":67},[49,152545,335],{"class":63},[49,152547,152548,152550,152552,152554],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,152549,123],{"class":122},[49,152551,126],{"class":63},[49,152553,558],{"class":112},[49,152555,335],{"class":63},[20,152557,573],{},[40,152559,152560],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,152561,152562],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152563,152564],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152565,46416],{"class":80},[35,152567,152569],{"id":152568},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152571,1762,152572,10265],{},[15,152573,148699],{},[155,152575,152576,152578,152581],{},[158,152577,65603],{},[158,152579,152580],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[158,152582,152583],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152585,152586,152587,152590,152591,109],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152588,152589],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[72,152592,149167],{"href":152593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[35,152595,65135],{"id":65134},[20,152597,152598,152599,109],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152600,40200],{},[20,152602,1244],{},[40,152604,152606],{"className":42,"code":152605,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152607,152608,152640],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152609,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152611,12553],{"class":55},[49,152613,60],{"class":59},[49,152615,8907],{"class":63},[49,152617,68],{"class":67},[49,152619,12570],{"class":71},[49,152621,68],{"class":67},[49,152623,84],{"class":63},[49,152625,87],{"class":67},[49,152627,12587],{"class":71},[49,152629,68],{"class":67},[49,152631,84],{"class":63},[49,152633,87],{"class":67},[49,152635,16937],{"class":71},[49,152637,68],{"class":67},[49,152639,335],{"class":63},[49,152641,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,152643,123],{"class":122},[49,152645,126],{"class":63},[49,152647,16984],{"class":112},[49,152649,109],{"class":63},[49,152651,35338],{"class":112},[49,152653,126],{"class":63},[49,152655,68],{"class":67},[49,152657,22008],{"class":71},[49,152659,68],{"class":67},[49,152661,1436],{"class":63},[20,152663,39149,152664,152666],{},[15,152665,109309],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152668,65210],{},[40,152670,152672],{"className":42,"code":152671,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152673,152674,152706,152710,152726,152748,152754],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152675,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152677,12553],{"class":55},[49,152679,60],{"class":59},[49,152681,8907],{"class":63},[49,152683,68],{"class":67},[49,152685,12570],{"class":71},[49,152687,68],{"class":67},[49,152689,84],{"class":63},[49,152691,87],{"class":67},[49,152693,12587],{"class":71},[49,152695,68],{"class":67},[49,152697,84],{"class":63},[49,152699,87],{"class":67},[49,152701,16937],{"class":71},[49,152703,68],{"class":67},[49,152705,335],{"class":63},[49,152707,152708],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,152709,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,152711,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,152713,6668],{"class":973},[49,152715,87],{"class":67},[49,152717,22008],{"class":71},[49,152719,68],{"class":67},[49,152721,20657],{"class":59},[49,152723,12601],{"class":55},[49,152725,6067],{"class":63},[49,152727,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,152729,7742],{"class":122},[49,152731,126],{"class":63},[49,152733,16984],{"class":112},[49,152735,109],{"class":63},[49,152737,35338],{"class":112},[49,152739,126],{"class":63},[49,152741,68],{"class":67},[49,152743,22008],{"class":71},[49,152745,68],{"class":67},[49,152747,1436],{"class":63},[49,152749,152750,152752],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,152751,26920],{"class":973},[49,152753,6067],{"class":63},[49,152755,152756,152758,152760,152762,152765,152767],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,152757,7742],{"class":122},[49,152759,126],{"class":63},[49,152761,68],{"class":67},[49,152763,152764],{"class":71},"Value not found",[49,152766,68],{"class":67},[49,152768,335],{"class":63},[20,152770,573],{},[40,152772,152774],{"className":42,"code":152773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Value not found\n",[15,152775,152776],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152777,152778,152781,152783],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152779,152780],{"class":55},"Value ",[49,152782,600],{"class":59},[49,152784,65334],{"class":55},[20,152786,152787,152788,109],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[72,152789,65344],{"href":65343},[35,152791,8092,152792,1017,152794],{"id":64911},[15,152793,35565],{},[15,152795,52162],{},[20,152797,150,152798,1017,152800,152802],{},[15,152799,35565],{},[15,152801,52162],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152804,152805],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152807,1244],{},[40,152809,152811],{"className":42,"code":152810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152812,152813,152841,152845,152866,152890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152814,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152816,3495],{"class":55},[49,152818,60],{"class":59},[49,152820,8907],{"class":63},[49,152822,1807],{"class":80},[49,152824,84],{"class":63},[49,152826,5677],{"class":80},[49,152828,84],{"class":63},[49,152830,4279],{"class":80},[49,152832,84],{"class":63},[49,152834,7462],{"class":80},[49,152836,84],{"class":63},[49,152838,4279],{"class":80},[49,152840,335],{"class":63},[49,152842,152843],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,152844,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,152846,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,152848,123],{"class":122},[49,152850,126],{"class":63},[49,152852,5031],{"class":112},[49,152854,109],{"class":63},[49,152856,35338],{"class":112},[49,152858,126],{"class":63},[49,152860,1807],{"class":80},[49,152862,5034],{"class":63},[49,152864,152865],{"class":134},"        # 0\n",[49,152867,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,152869,123],{"class":122},[49,152871,126],{"class":63},[49,152873,5031],{"class":112},[49,152875,109],{"class":63},[49,152877,35338],{"class":112},[49,152879,126],{"class":63},[49,152881,1807],{"class":80},[49,152883,84],{"class":63},[49,152885,81],{"class":80},[49,152887,5034],{"class":63},[49,152889,50453],{"class":134},[49,152891,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,152893,123],{"class":122},[49,152895,126],{"class":63},[49,152897,5031],{"class":112},[49,152899,109],{"class":63},[49,152901,35338],{"class":112},[49,152903,126],{"class":63},[49,152905,1807],{"class":80},[49,152907,84],{"class":63},[49,152909,2120],{"class":80},[49,152911,84],{"class":63},[49,152913,4279],{"class":80},[49,152915,5034],{"class":63},[49,152917,50436],{"class":134},[591,152919,152921],{"id":152920},"how-it-works","How it works",[155,152923,152924,152929,152934],{},[158,152925,152926,152928],{},[15,152927,35565],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[158,152930,152931,152933],{},[15,152932,52162],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[158,152935,150,152936,152938],{},[15,152937,52162],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152940,1244],{},[40,152942,152944],{"className":42,"code":152943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152945,152946,152974,152978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152947,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152949,3495],{"class":55},[49,152951,60],{"class":59},[49,152953,8907],{"class":63},[49,152955,1807],{"class":80},[49,152957,84],{"class":63},[49,152959,5677],{"class":80},[49,152961,84],{"class":63},[49,152963,4279],{"class":80},[49,152965,84],{"class":63},[49,152967,7462],{"class":80},[49,152969,84],{"class":63},[49,152971,4279],{"class":80},[49,152973,335],{"class":63},[49,152975,152976],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,152977,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,152979,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,152981,123],{"class":122},[49,152983,126],{"class":63},[49,152985,5031],{"class":112},[49,152987,109],{"class":63},[49,152989,35338],{"class":112},[49,152991,126],{"class":63},[49,152993,1807],{"class":80},[49,152995,84],{"class":63},[49,152997,81],{"class":80},[49,152999,84],{"class":63},[49,153001,2126],{"class":80},[49,153003,1436],{"class":63},[20,153005,573],{},[40,153007,153008],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,153009,153010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153011,153012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153013,16537],{"class":80},[20,153015,153016,153017,1858,153019,16553,153021,153023,153024,109],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153018,2659],{},[15,153020,1725],{},[15,153022,1731],{},", but not ",[15,153025,2174],{},[35,153027,153029],{"id":153028},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153031,153032,153033,77],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153034,148699],{},[155,153036,153037,153045,153050,153057],{},[158,153038,153039,153040,153042,153043],{},"Do not confuse the ",[30,153041,2142],{}," with the ",[30,153044,35338],{},[158,153046,153047,153048],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153049,1790],{},[158,153051,1762,153052,153056],{},[72,153053,148725,153054,1571],{"href":148777},[15,153055,56793],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[158,153058,153059,153060,153062],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153061,152589],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153064,153065],{},"Example of value vs index:",[40,153067,153069],{"className":42,"code":153068,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153070,153071,153103,153107,153131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153072,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153074,35732],{"class":55},[49,153076,60],{"class":59},[49,153078,8907],{"class":63},[49,153080,68],{"class":67},[49,153082,3751],{"class":71},[49,153084,68],{"class":67},[49,153086,84],{"class":63},[49,153088,87],{"class":67},[49,153090,3760],{"class":71},[49,153092,68],{"class":67},[49,153094,84],{"class":63},[49,153096,87],{"class":67},[49,153098,32710],{"class":71},[49,153100,68],{"class":67},[49,153102,335],{"class":63},[49,153104,153105],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,153106,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,153108,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,153110,123],{"class":122},[49,153112,126],{"class":63},[49,153114,35784],{"class":112},[49,153116,109],{"class":63},[49,153118,35338],{"class":112},[49,153120,126],{"class":63},[49,153122,68],{"class":67},[49,153124,3760],{"class":71},[49,153126,68],{"class":67},[49,153128,5034],{"class":63},[49,153130,27266],{"class":134},[49,153132,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143,153145],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,153134,123],{"class":122},[49,153136,126],{"class":63},[49,153138,35784],{"class":112},[49,153140,3573],{"class":63},[49,153142,2659],{"class":80},[49,153144,19929],{"class":63},[49,153146,153147],{"class":134},"               # banana\n",[20,153149,1197],{},[155,153151,153152,153156],{},[158,153153,153154,14726],{},[15,153155,64779],{},[158,153157,153158,153160],{},[15,153159,2659],{}," is the index",[35,153162,1376],{"id":1375},[20,153164,105623,153165,77],{},[15,153166,148699],{},[155,153168,153169,153172,153177,153182,153189],{},[158,153170,153171],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[158,153173,1392,153174,153176],{},[15,153175,58471],{}," to return all matching positions",[158,153178,153179,153180],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153181,1790],{},[158,153183,153184,153185,1017,153187],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153186,35565],{},[15,153188,52162],{},[158,153190,36698,153191,153193],{},[15,153192,148699],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[591,153195,60214],{"id":60213},[20,153197,93885],{},[40,153199,153201],{"className":42,"code":153200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153202,153203,153213,153227,153242,153260],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153204,153205,153207,153209,153211],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153206,123],{"class":122},[49,153208,126],{"class":63},[49,153210,147512],{"class":112},[49,153212,335],{"class":63},[49,153214,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,153216,123],{"class":122},[49,153218,126],{"class":63},[49,153220,10824],{"class":122},[49,153222,126],{"class":63},[49,153224,147512],{"class":112},[49,153226,1436],{"class":63},[49,153228,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153240],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,153230,123],{"class":122},[49,153232,126],{"class":63},[49,153234,2115],{"class":112},[49,153236,3555],{"class":973},[49,153238,153239],{"class":112}," my_tuple",[49,153241,335],{"class":63},[49,153243,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,153245,123],{"class":122},[49,153247,126],{"class":63},[49,153249,147512],{"class":112},[49,153251,109],{"class":63},[49,153253,40756],{"class":112},[49,153255,126],{"class":63},[49,153257,2142],{"class":112},[49,153259,1436],{"class":63},[49,153261,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,153263,123],{"class":122},[49,153265,126],{"class":63},[49,153267,147512],{"class":112},[49,153269,109],{"class":63},[49,153271,35338],{"class":112},[49,153273,126],{"class":63},[49,153275,2142],{"class":112},[49,153277,1436],{"class":63},[20,153279,153280,153281,83902,153283,153285],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153282,40200],{},[15,153284,2142],{}," is missing.",[20,153287,129129],{},[40,153289,153291],{"className":42,"code":153290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153292,153293,153305,153323,153329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153294,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153296,6668],{"class":973},[49,153298,21068],{"class":55},[49,153300,3555],{"class":59},[49,153302,153239],{"class":55},[49,153304,6067],{"class":63},[49,153306,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,153308,7742],{"class":122},[49,153310,126],{"class":63},[49,153312,147512],{"class":112},[49,153314,109],{"class":63},[49,153316,35338],{"class":112},[49,153318,126],{"class":63},[49,153320,2142],{"class":112},[49,153322,1436],{"class":63},[49,153324,153325,153327],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,153326,26920],{"class":973},[49,153328,6067],{"class":63},[49,153330,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,153332,7742],{"class":122},[49,153334,126],{"class":63},[49,153336,68],{"class":67},[49,153338,152764],{"class":71},[49,153340,68],{"class":67},[49,153342,335],{"class":63},[35,153344,1498],{"id":1497},[591,153346,1512,153348,1515],{"id":153347},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153349,148699],{},[20,153351,153352],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[591,153354,153356],{"id":153355},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153358,153359,152226],{},[15,153360,148699],{},[591,153362,148678],{"id":148677},[20,153364,76363,153365,109],{},[15,153366,40200],{},[591,153368,153370],{"id":153369},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153372,153373,153374,1017,153376,153378],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153375,35565],{},[15,153377,52162],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[591,153380,14382,153382,56708,153384,1529],{"id":153381},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153383,148699],{},[15,153385,64370],{},[20,153387,153388],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[35,153390,1550],{"id":1549},[155,153392,153393,153399,153403,153408,153412],{},[158,153394,153395],{},[72,153396,148725,153397,1571],{"href":148777},[15,153398,56793],{},[158,153400,153401],{},[72,153402,149167],{"href":152593},[158,153404,153405],{},[72,153406,153407],{"href":150473},"Creating a tuple in Python",[158,153409,153410],{},[72,153411,65344],{"href":65343},[158,153413,153414],{},[72,153415,150421],{"href":152231},[1597,153417,153418],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189,"children":153425},[153426],{"id":16875,"depth":119,"text":16876},{"id":102884,"depth":103,"text":102885},{"id":152568,"depth":103,"text":152569},{"id":65134,"depth":103,"text":65135},{"id":64911,"depth":103,"text":65694,"children":153431},[153432],{"id":152920,"depth":119,"text":152921},{"id":153028,"depth":103,"text":153029},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376,"children":153435},[153436],{"id":60213,"depth":119,"text":60214},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":153438},[153439,153441,153442,153443,153444],{"id":153347,"depth":119,"text":153440},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153355,"depth":119,"text":153356},{"id":148677,"depth":119,"text":148678},{"id":153369,"depth":119,"text":153370},{"id":153381,"depth":119,"text":153445},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152033,"description":153447},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153454,"title":153455,"body":153456,"description":154851,"extension":1632,"meta":154852,"navigation":312,"path":152593,"seo":154853,"stem":154854,"__hash__":154855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153457,"toc":154833},[153458,153461,153464,153467,153481,153483,153486,153580,153590,153596,153600,153603,153606,153608,153626,153628,153699,153701,153718,153722,153726,153729,153746,153749,153764,153766,153857,153860,153864,153867,153884,153886,153981,153984,153987,153991,153994,154088,154090,154109,154112,154116,154119,154121,154176,154178,154213,154216,154230,154238,154331,154340,154344,154347,154354,154357,154404,154406,154414,154417,154468,154470,154487,154492,154496,154499,154502,154504,154555,154558,154613,154616,154619,154621,154624,154644,154646,154719,154722,154735,154737,154741,154746,154750,154755,154772,154776,154779,154796,154800,154803,154805,154830],[10,153459,153455],{"id":153460},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153462,153463],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153465,153466],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[155,153468,153469,153472,153475,153478],{},[158,153470,153471],{},"positive indexes",[158,153473,153474],{},"negative indexes",[158,153476,153477],{},"common indexing mistakes",[158,153479,153480],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[35,153482,3281],{"id":3280},[20,153484,153485],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[40,153487,153489],{"className":42,"code":153488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153490,153491,153523,153527,153544,153561],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153492,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153494,12553],{"class":55},[49,153496,60],{"class":59},[49,153498,8907],{"class":63},[49,153500,68],{"class":67},[49,153502,12570],{"class":71},[49,153504,68],{"class":67},[49,153506,84],{"class":63},[49,153508,87],{"class":67},[49,153510,16937],{"class":71},[49,153512,68],{"class":67},[49,153514,84],{"class":63},[49,153516,87],{"class":67},[49,153518,12587],{"class":71},[49,153520,68],{"class":67},[49,153522,335],{"class":63},[49,153524,153525],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,153526,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,153528,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,153530,123],{"class":122},[49,153532,126],{"class":63},[49,153534,16984],{"class":112},[49,153536,3573],{"class":63},[49,153538,1790],{"class":80},[49,153540,19929],{"class":63},[49,153542,153543],{"class":134},"   # red\n",[49,153545,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,153547,123],{"class":122},[49,153549,126],{"class":63},[49,153551,16984],{"class":112},[49,153553,3573],{"class":63},[49,153555,2659],{"class":80},[49,153557,19929],{"class":63},[49,153559,153560],{"class":134},"   # green\n",[49,153562,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,153564,123],{"class":122},[49,153566,126],{"class":63},[49,153568,16984],{"class":112},[49,153570,3573],{"class":63},[49,153572,1690],{"class":59},[49,153574,2659],{"class":80},[49,153576,19929],{"class":63},[49,153578,153579],{"class":134},"  # blue\n",[155,153581,153582,153587],{},[158,153583,131918,153584,153586],{},[15,153585,1790],{}," is the first item.",[158,153588,153589],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153591,153592,153593,109],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[72,153594,153595],{"href":147497},"how to create a tuple in Python",[35,153597,153599],{"id":153598},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153601,153602],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153604,153605],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153607,208],{},[155,153609,153610,153613,153620,153623],{},[158,153611,153612],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[158,153614,153615,153616,18446,153618],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153617,1790],{},[15,153619,2659],{},[158,153621,153622],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[158,153624,153625],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153627,1244],{},[40,153629,153631],{"className":42,"code":153630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153632,153633,153653,153657,153671,153685],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153634,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153636,3291],{"class":55},[49,153638,60],{"class":59},[49,153640,8907],{"class":63},[49,153642,1999],{"class":80},[49,153644,84],{"class":63},[49,153646,7462],{"class":80},[49,153648,84],{"class":63},[49,153650,7467],{"class":80},[49,153652,335],{"class":63},[49,153654,153655],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,153656,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,153658,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,153660,123],{"class":122},[49,153662,126],{"class":63},[49,153664,3323],{"class":112},[49,153666,3573],{"class":63},[49,153668,1790],{"class":80},[49,153670,3561],{"class":63},[49,153672,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,153674,123],{"class":122},[49,153676,126],{"class":63},[49,153678,3323],{"class":112},[49,153680,3573],{"class":63},[49,153682,2659],{"class":80},[49,153684,3561],{"class":63},[49,153686,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,153688,123],{"class":122},[49,153690,126],{"class":63},[49,153692,3323],{"class":112},[49,153694,3573],{"class":63},[49,153696,1725],{"class":80},[49,153698,3561],{"class":63},[20,153700,573],{},[40,153702,153704],{"className":42,"code":153703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153705,153706,153710,153714],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153707,153708],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153709,2045],{"class":80},[49,153711,153712],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,153713,70729],{"class":80},[49,153715,153716],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,153717,69345],{"class":80},[20,153719,58896,153720,109],{},[72,153721,147494],{"href":147493},[35,153723,153725],{"id":153724},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153727,153728],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[155,153730,153731,153736,153741],{},[158,153732,153733,153735],{},[15,153734,1790],{}," = first item",[158,153737,153738,153740],{},[15,153739,2659],{}," = second item",[158,153742,153743,153745],{},[15,153744,1725],{}," = third item",[20,153747,153748],{},"Pattern:",[40,153750,153752],{"className":42,"code":153751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153753,153754],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153755,153756,153758,153760,153762],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153757,152249],{"class":55},[49,153759,3573],{"class":63},[49,153761,35338],{"class":55},[49,153763,3309],{"class":63},[20,153765,1244],{},[40,153767,153769],{"className":42,"code":153768,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153770,153771,153803,153807,153824,153840],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153772,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799,153801],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153774,35732],{"class":55},[49,153776,60],{"class":59},[49,153778,8907],{"class":63},[49,153780,68],{"class":67},[49,153782,3751],{"class":71},[49,153784,68],{"class":67},[49,153786,84],{"class":63},[49,153788,87],{"class":67},[49,153790,3760],{"class":71},[49,153792,68],{"class":67},[49,153794,84],{"class":63},[49,153796,87],{"class":67},[49,153798,3769],{"class":71},[49,153800,68],{"class":67},[49,153802,335],{"class":63},[49,153804,153805],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,153806,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,153808,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,153810,123],{"class":122},[49,153812,126],{"class":63},[49,153814,35784],{"class":112},[49,153816,3573],{"class":63},[49,153818,1790],{"class":80},[49,153820,19929],{"class":63},[49,153822,153823],{"class":134},"  # apple\n",[49,153825,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,153827,123],{"class":122},[49,153829,126],{"class":63},[49,153831,35784],{"class":112},[49,153833,3573],{"class":63},[49,153835,2659],{"class":80},[49,153837,19929],{"class":63},[49,153839,50987],{"class":134},[49,153841,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,153843,123],{"class":122},[49,153845,126],{"class":63},[49,153847,35784],{"class":112},[49,153849,3573],{"class":63},[49,153851,1725],{"class":80},[49,153853,19929],{"class":63},[49,153855,153856],{"class":134},"  # cherry\n",[20,153858,153859],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[35,153861,153863],{"id":153862},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153865,153866],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[155,153868,153869,153874,153879],{},[158,153870,153871,153873],{},[15,153872,65359],{}," = last item",[158,153875,153876,153878],{},[15,153877,94915],{}," = second-to-last item",[158,153880,153881,153883],{},[15,153882,47170],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153885,1244],{},[40,153887,153889],{"className":42,"code":153888,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153890,153891,153923,153927,153945,153963],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153892,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919,153921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153894,35732],{"class":55},[49,153896,60],{"class":59},[49,153898,8907],{"class":63},[49,153900,68],{"class":67},[49,153902,3751],{"class":71},[49,153904,68],{"class":67},[49,153906,84],{"class":63},[49,153908,87],{"class":67},[49,153910,3760],{"class":71},[49,153912,68],{"class":67},[49,153914,84],{"class":63},[49,153916,87],{"class":67},[49,153918,3769],{"class":71},[49,153920,68],{"class":67},[49,153922,335],{"class":63},[49,153924,153925],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,153926,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,153928,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,153930,123],{"class":122},[49,153932,126],{"class":63},[49,153934,35784],{"class":112},[49,153936,3573],{"class":63},[49,153938,1690],{"class":59},[49,153940,2659],{"class":80},[49,153942,19929],{"class":63},[49,153944,153856],{"class":134},[49,153946,153947,153949,153951,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,153948,123],{"class":122},[49,153950,126],{"class":63},[49,153952,35784],{"class":112},[49,153954,3573],{"class":63},[49,153956,1690],{"class":59},[49,153958,1725],{"class":80},[49,153960,19929],{"class":63},[49,153962,50987],{"class":134},[49,153964,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,153966,123],{"class":122},[49,153968,126],{"class":63},[49,153970,35784],{"class":112},[49,153972,3573],{"class":63},[49,153974,1690],{"class":59},[49,153976,1731],{"class":80},[49,153978,19929],{"class":63},[49,153980,153823],{"class":134},[20,153982,153983],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153985,153986],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[35,153988,153990],{"id":153989},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153992,153993],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[40,153995,153997],{"className":42,"code":153996,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153998,153999,154031,154035,154052,154069],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154000,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154002,4668],{"class":55},[49,154004,60],{"class":59},[49,154006,8907],{"class":63},[49,154008,68],{"class":67},[49,154010,12357],{"class":71},[49,154012,68],{"class":67},[49,154014,84],{"class":63},[49,154016,87],{"class":67},[49,154018,35433],{"class":71},[49,154020,68],{"class":67},[49,154022,84],{"class":63},[49,154024,87],{"class":67},[49,154026,35442],{"class":71},[49,154028,68],{"class":67},[49,154030,335],{"class":63},[49,154032,154033],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154034,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,154036,154037,154039,154041,154043,154045,154047,154049],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,154038,123],{"class":122},[49,154040,126],{"class":63},[49,154042,4712],{"class":112},[49,154044,3573],{"class":63},[49,154046,1790],{"class":80},[49,154048,19929],{"class":63},[49,154050,154051],{"class":134},"   # first item\n",[49,154053,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,154055,123],{"class":122},[49,154057,126],{"class":63},[49,154059,4712],{"class":112},[49,154061,3573],{"class":63},[49,154063,2659],{"class":80},[49,154065,19929],{"class":63},[49,154067,154068],{"class":134},"   # middle item\n",[49,154070,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083,154085],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,154072,123],{"class":122},[49,154074,126],{"class":63},[49,154076,4712],{"class":112},[49,154078,3573],{"class":63},[49,154080,1690],{"class":59},[49,154082,2659],{"class":80},[49,154084,19929],{"class":63},[49,154086,154087],{"class":134},"  # last item\n",[20,154089,573],{},[40,154091,154093],{"className":42,"code":154092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154094,154095,154099,154104],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154096,154097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154098,49540],{"class":55},[49,154100,154101],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154102,154103],{"class":55},"Ben\n",[49,154105,154106],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,154107,154108],{"class":55},"Cara\n",[20,154110,154111],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[35,154113,154115],{"id":154114},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154117,154118],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154120,1244],{},[40,154122,154124],{"className":42,"code":154123,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154125,154126,154158,154162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154127,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154129,35583],{"class":55},[49,154131,60],{"class":59},[49,154133,8907],{"class":63},[49,154135,68],{"class":67},[49,154137,72],{"class":71},[49,154139,68],{"class":67},[49,154141,84],{"class":63},[49,154143,87],{"class":67},[49,154145,90],{"class":71},[49,154147,68],{"class":67},[49,154149,84],{"class":63},[49,154151,87],{"class":67},[49,154153,9406],{"class":71},[49,154155,68],{"class":67},[49,154157,335],{"class":63},[49,154159,154160],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154161,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,154163,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,154165,123],{"class":122},[49,154167,126],{"class":63},[49,154169,35636],{"class":112},[49,154171,3573],{"class":63},[49,154173,1807],{"class":80},[49,154175,3561],{"class":63},[20,154177,573],{},[40,154179,154181],{"className":42,"code":154180,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154182,154183,154195,154200],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154184,154185,154188,154190,154193],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154186,154187],{"class":112},"Traceback ",[49,154189,126],{"class":63},[49,154191,154192],{"class":112},"most recent call last",[49,154194,8016],{"class":63},[49,154196,154197],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154198,154199],{"class":33943},"  ...\n",[49,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154211],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,154203,70236],{"class":1428},[49,154205,77],{"class":63},[49,154207,148860],{"class":1428},[49,154209,154210],{"class":55}," index out of ",[49,154212,70428],{"class":122},[20,154214,154215],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[155,154217,154218,154222,154226],{},[158,154219,154220],{},[15,154221,1790],{},[158,154223,154224],{},[15,154225,2659],{},[158,154227,154228],{},[15,154229,1725],{},[20,154231,154232,154233,109],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[72,154234,154235,154237],{"href":148732},[15,154236,41858],{}," on a tuple",[40,154239,154241],{"className":42,"code":154240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154242,154243,154275,154279,154295,154299,154317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154244,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154246,35583],{"class":55},[49,154248,60],{"class":59},[49,154250,8907],{"class":63},[49,154252,68],{"class":67},[49,154254,72],{"class":71},[49,154256,68],{"class":67},[49,154258,84],{"class":63},[49,154260,87],{"class":67},[49,154262,90],{"class":71},[49,154264,68],{"class":67},[49,154266,84],{"class":63},[49,154268,87],{"class":67},[49,154270,9406],{"class":71},[49,154272,68],{"class":67},[49,154274,335],{"class":63},[49,154276,154277],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154278,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,154280,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,154282,123],{"class":122},[49,154284,126],{"class":63},[49,154286,10824],{"class":122},[49,154288,126],{"class":63},[49,154290,35636],{"class":112},[49,154292,5034],{"class":63},[49,154294,50271],{"class":134},[49,154296,154297],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,154298,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,154300,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,154302,6668],{"class":973},[49,154304,37881],{"class":122},[49,154306,126],{"class":63},[49,154308,35636],{"class":112},[49,154310,131],{"class":63},[49,154312,37891],{"class":59},[49,154314,97],{"class":80},[49,154316,6067],{"class":63},[49,154318,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,154320,7742],{"class":122},[49,154322,126],{"class":63},[49,154324,35636],{"class":112},[49,154326,3573],{"class":63},[49,154328,1725],{"class":80},[49,154330,3561],{"class":63},[20,154332,154333,154334,109],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[72,154335,25165,154337],{"href":154336},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154338,154339],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[35,154341,154343],{"id":154342},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154345,154346],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[155,154348,154349,154351],{},[158,154350,76380],{},[158,154352,154353],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154355,154356],{},"Indexing example:",[40,154358,154360],{"className":42,"code":154359,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154361,154362,154386,154390],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154363,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154365,3291],{"class":55},[49,154367,60],{"class":59},[49,154369,8907],{"class":63},[49,154371,1999],{"class":80},[49,154373,84],{"class":63},[49,154375,7462],{"class":80},[49,154377,84],{"class":63},[49,154379,7467],{"class":80},[49,154381,84],{"class":63},[49,154383,50344],{"class":80},[49,154385,335],{"class":63},[49,154387,154388],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154389,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,154391,154392,154394,154396,154398,154400,154402],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,154393,123],{"class":122},[49,154395,126],{"class":63},[49,154397,3323],{"class":112},[49,154399,3573],{"class":63},[49,154401,2659],{"class":80},[49,154403,3561],{"class":63},[20,154405,573],{},[40,154407,154408],{"className":42,"code":70729,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,154409,154410],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154411,154412],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154413,70729],{"class":80},[20,154415,154416],{},"Slicing example:",[40,154418,154420],{"className":42,"code":154419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154421,154422,154446,154450],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154423,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154425,3291],{"class":55},[49,154427,60],{"class":59},[49,154429,8907],{"class":63},[49,154431,1999],{"class":80},[49,154433,84],{"class":63},[49,154435,7462],{"class":80},[49,154437,84],{"class":63},[49,154439,7467],{"class":80},[49,154441,84],{"class":63},[49,154443,50344],{"class":80},[49,154445,335],{"class":63},[49,154447,154448],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154449,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,154451,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,154453,123],{"class":122},[49,154455,126],{"class":63},[49,154457,3323],{"class":112},[49,154459,3573],{"class":63},[49,154461,2659],{"class":80},[49,154463,77],{"class":63},[49,154465,1731],{"class":80},[49,154467,3561],{"class":63},[20,154469,573],{},[40,154471,154473],{"className":42,"code":154472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154474,154475],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154476,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154478,126],{"class":63},[49,154480,15234],{"class":80},[49,154482,84],{"class":63},[49,154484,7467],{"class":80},[49,154486,335],{"class":63},[20,154488,154489,154490,109],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[72,154491,150411],{"href":150410},[35,154493,154495],{"id":154494},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154497,154498],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154500,154501],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154503,6358],{},[40,154505,154507],{"className":42,"code":154506,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154508,154509,154541],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154510,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154512,12553],{"class":55},[49,154514,60],{"class":59},[49,154516,8907],{"class":63},[49,154518,68],{"class":67},[49,154520,12570],{"class":71},[49,154522,68],{"class":67},[49,154524,84],{"class":63},[49,154526,87],{"class":67},[49,154528,16937],{"class":71},[49,154530,68],{"class":67},[49,154532,84],{"class":63},[49,154534,87],{"class":67},[49,154536,12587],{"class":71},[49,154538,68],{"class":67},[49,154540,335],{"class":63},[49,154542,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154544,123],{"class":122},[49,154546,126],{"class":63},[49,154548,16984],{"class":112},[49,154550,3573],{"class":63},[49,154552,2659],{"class":80},[49,154554,3561],{"class":63},[20,154556,154557],{},"But this does not work:",[40,154559,154561],{"className":42,"code":154560,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154562,154563,154595],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154564,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154566,12553],{"class":55},[49,154568,60],{"class":59},[49,154570,8907],{"class":63},[49,154572,68],{"class":67},[49,154574,12570],{"class":71},[49,154576,68],{"class":67},[49,154578,84],{"class":63},[49,154580,87],{"class":67},[49,154582,16937],{"class":71},[49,154584,68],{"class":67},[49,154586,84],{"class":63},[49,154588,87],{"class":67},[49,154590,12587],{"class":71},[49,154592,68],{"class":67},[49,154594,335],{"class":63},[49,154596,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154598,16984],{"class":55},[49,154600,3573],{"class":63},[49,154602,2659],{"class":80},[49,154604,12751],{"class":63},[49,154606,12754],{"class":59},[49,154608,87],{"class":67},[49,154610,22008],{"class":71},[49,154612,301],{"class":67},[20,154614,154615],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154617,154618],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[35,154620,1376],{"id":1375},[20,154622,154623],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[155,154625,154626,154632,154635,154638],{},[158,154627,132222,154628,10754,154630],{},[15,154629,2659],{},[15,154631,1790],{},[158,154633,154634],{},"Using an index that is too large",[158,154636,154637],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[158,154639,154640,154641],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154642,154643],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154645,61799],{},[40,154647,154649],{"className":42,"code":154648,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154650,154651,154661,154675,154689,154705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154652,154653,154655,154657,154659],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154654,123],{"class":122},[49,154656,126],{"class":63},[49,154658,147512],{"class":112},[49,154660,335],{"class":63},[49,154662,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154664,123],{"class":122},[49,154666,126],{"class":63},[49,154668,10824],{"class":122},[49,154670,126],{"class":63},[49,154672,147512],{"class":112},[49,154674,1436],{"class":63},[49,154676,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,154678,123],{"class":122},[49,154680,126],{"class":63},[49,154682,147512],{"class":112},[49,154684,3573],{"class":63},[49,154686,1790],{"class":80},[49,154688,3561],{"class":63},[49,154690,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,154692,123],{"class":122},[49,154694,126],{"class":63},[49,154696,147512],{"class":112},[49,154698,3573],{"class":63},[49,154700,1690],{"class":59},[49,154702,2659],{"class":80},[49,154704,3561],{"class":63},[49,154706,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,154708,123],{"class":122},[49,154710,126],{"class":63},[49,154712,1429],{"class":1428},[49,154714,126],{"class":63},[49,154716,147512],{"class":112},[49,154718,1436],{"class":63},[20,154720,154721],{},"These can help you confirm:",[155,154723,154724,154727,154729,154732],{},[158,154725,154726],{},"what the tuple contains",[158,154728,60288],{},[158,154730,154731],{},"what the first and last items are",[158,154733,154734],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[35,154736,1498],{"id":1497},[591,154738,154740],{"id":154739},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154742,154743,154744,109],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154745,1790],{},[591,154747,154749],{"id":154748},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154751,1762,154752,154754],{},[15,154753,65359],{}," as the index:",[40,154756,154758],{"className":42,"code":154757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154759,154760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154761,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154763,147512],{"class":55},[49,154765,3573],{"class":63},[49,154767,1690],{"class":59},[49,154769,2659],{"class":80},[49,154771,3309],{"class":63},[591,154773,154775],{"id":154774},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154777,154778],{},"Python raises:",[40,154780,154782],{"className":42,"code":154781,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154783,154784],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154785,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154787,70236],{"class":1428},[49,154789,77],{"class":63},[49,154791,148860],{"class":1428},[49,154793,154210],{"class":55},[49,154795,70428],{"class":122},[591,154797,154799],{"id":154798},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154801,154802],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[35,154804,1550],{"id":1549},[155,154806,154807,154812,154816,154820,154826],{},[158,154808,154809],{},[72,154810,154811],{"href":147497},"How to create a tuple in Python",[158,154813,154814],{},[72,154815,150411],{"href":150410},[158,154817,154818],{},[72,154819,150416],{"href":148732},[158,154821,154822],{},[72,154823,25608,154824],{"href":154336},[15,154825,154339],{},[158,154827,154828],{},[72,154829,147494],{"href":147493},[1597,154831,154832],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":154834},[154835,154836,154837,154838,154839,154840,154841,154842,154843,154844,154850],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":153598,"depth":103,"text":153599},{"id":153724,"depth":103,"text":153725},{"id":153862,"depth":103,"text":153863},{"id":153989,"depth":103,"text":153990},{"id":154114,"depth":103,"text":154115},{"id":154342,"depth":103,"text":154343},{"id":154494,"depth":103,"text":154495},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":154845},[154846,154847,154848,154849],{"id":154739,"depth":119,"text":154740},{"id":154748,"depth":119,"text":154749},{"id":154774,"depth":119,"text":154775},{"id":154798,"depth":119,"text":154799},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153455,"description":154851},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154857,"title":154858,"body":154859,"description":156748,"extension":1632,"meta":156749,"navigation":312,"path":156750,"seo":156751,"stem":156752,"__hash__":156753},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154860,"toc":156705},[154861,154867,154872,154923,154927,154935,154941,154943,154959,154961,154964,154979,154981,154994,154996,155053,155057,155065,155072,155078,155084,155088,155139,155143,155151,155155,155184,155188,155196,155200,155233,155237,155245,155249,155252,155303,155307,155315,155317,155334,155338,155342,155401,155405,155413,155416,155443,155447,155455,155459,155465,155540,155544,155581,155589,155593,155656,155660,155668,155673,155677,155683,155726,155730,155738,155744,155747,155794,155798,155806,155815,155821,155876,155880,155888,155891,155895,155897,155928,155932,155951,155954,155999,156003,156026,156032,156037,156039,156086,156091,156094,156142,156146,156154,156158,156163,156167,156217,156221,156236,156240,156298,156302,156317,156321,156392,156396,156405,156409,156488,156492,156514,156522,156524,156527,156552,156554,156607,156609,156626,156628,156632,156638,156643,156648,156652,156657,156661,156666,156672,156675,156677,156702],[10,154862,154864,154865,131],{"id":154863},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154866,10824],{},[20,154868,1762,154869,154871],{},[15,154870,41858],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[40,154873,154875],{"className":42,"code":154874,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154876,154877,154909],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154878,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154880,12553],{"class":55},[49,154882,60],{"class":59},[49,154884,8907],{"class":63},[49,154886,68],{"class":67},[49,154888,12570],{"class":71},[49,154890,68],{"class":67},[49,154892,84],{"class":63},[49,154894,87],{"class":67},[49,154896,16937],{"class":71},[49,154898,68],{"class":67},[49,154900,84],{"class":63},[49,154902,87],{"class":67},[49,154904,12587],{"class":71},[49,154906,68],{"class":67},[49,154908,335],{"class":63},[49,154910,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919,154921],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,154912,123],{"class":122},[49,154914,126],{"class":63},[49,154916,10824],{"class":122},[49,154918,126],{"class":63},[49,154920,16984],{"class":112},[49,154922,1436],{"class":63},[20,154924,154925],{},[30,154926,573],{},[40,154928,154929],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,154930,154931],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154932,154933],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154934,46116],{"class":80},[20,154936,1762,154937,154940],{},[15,154938,154939],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[35,154942,14642],{"id":14641},[155,154944,154945,154950,154954,154957],{},[158,154946,3871,154947,154949],{},[15,154948,41858],{}," works with tuples",[158,154951,67763,154952,475],{},[15,154953,41858],{},[158,154955,154956],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[158,154958,4192],{},[35,154960,189],{"id":188},[20,154962,154963],{},"Use this pattern:",[40,154965,154967],{"className":42,"code":154966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154968,154969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154970,154971,154973,154975,154977],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154972,10824],{"class":122},[49,154974,126],{"class":63},[49,154976,147512],{"class":112},[49,154978,335],{"class":63},[20,154980,208],{},[155,154982,154983,154986,154989],{},[158,154984,154985],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[158,154987,154988],{},"The result is an integer",[158,154990,154991,154993],{},[15,154992,41858],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154995,1244],{},[40,154997,154999],{"className":42,"code":154998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155000,155001,155025,155039,155043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155002,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155004,3291],{"class":55},[49,155006,60],{"class":59},[49,155008,8907],{"class":63},[49,155010,1999],{"class":80},[49,155012,84],{"class":63},[49,155014,7462],{"class":80},[49,155016,84],{"class":63},[49,155018,7467],{"class":80},[49,155020,84],{"class":63},[49,155022,50344],{"class":80},[49,155024,335],{"class":63},[49,155026,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155028,40738],{"class":55},[49,155030,60],{"class":59},[49,155032,37881],{"class":122},[49,155034,126],{"class":63},[49,155036,3323],{"class":112},[49,155038,335],{"class":63},[49,155040,155041],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,155042,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,155044,155045,155047,155049,155051],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,155046,123],{"class":122},[49,155048,126],{"class":63},[49,155050,40756],{"class":112},[49,155052,335],{"class":63},[20,155054,155055],{},[30,155056,573],{},[40,155058,155059],{"className":42,"code":48150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155060,155061],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155062,155063],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155064,48150],{"class":80},[20,155066,155067,155068,109],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[72,155069,3247,155070,3180],{"href":41855},[15,155071,41858],{},[35,155073,144,155075,155077],{"id":155074},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155076,41858],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155079,155080,155081,155083],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155082,41858],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[591,155085,155087],{"id":155086},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[40,155089,155091],{"className":42,"code":155090,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155092,155093,155125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155094,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155096,35732],{"class":55},[49,155098,60],{"class":59},[49,155100,8907],{"class":63},[49,155102,68],{"class":67},[49,155104,3751],{"class":71},[49,155106,68],{"class":67},[49,155108,84],{"class":63},[49,155110,87],{"class":67},[49,155112,3760],{"class":71},[49,155114,68],{"class":67},[49,155116,84],{"class":63},[49,155118,87],{"class":67},[49,155120,32710],{"class":71},[49,155122,68],{"class":67},[49,155124,335],{"class":63},[49,155126,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155128,123],{"class":122},[49,155130,126],{"class":63},[49,155132,10824],{"class":122},[49,155134,126],{"class":63},[49,155136,35784],{"class":112},[49,155138,1436],{"class":63},[20,155140,155141],{},[30,155142,573],{},[40,155144,155145],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155146,155147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155148,155149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155150,46116],{"class":80},[591,155152,155154],{"id":155153},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[40,155156,155158],{"className":42,"code":155157,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155159,155160,155169],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155161,155162,155165,155167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155163,155164],{"class":55},"empty_tuple ",[49,155166,60],{"class":59},[49,155168,148836],{"class":63},[49,155170,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155182],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155172,123],{"class":122},[49,155174,126],{"class":63},[49,155176,10824],{"class":122},[49,155178,126],{"class":63},[49,155180,155181],{"class":112},"empty_tuple",[49,155183,1436],{"class":63},[20,155185,155186],{},[30,155187,573],{},[40,155189,155190],{"className":42,"code":46751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155191,155192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155193,155194],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155195,46751],{"class":80},[591,155197,155199],{"id":155198},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[40,155201,155203],{"className":42,"code":155202,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155204,155205,155218],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155206,155207,155210,155212,155214,155216],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155208,155209],{"class":55},"single_value ",[49,155211,60],{"class":59},[49,155213,8907],{"class":63},[49,155215,1807],{"class":80},[49,155217,148850],{"class":63},[49,155219,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155231],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155221,123],{"class":122},[49,155223,126],{"class":63},[49,155225,10824],{"class":122},[49,155227,126],{"class":63},[49,155229,155230],{"class":112},"single_value",[49,155232,1436],{"class":63},[20,155234,155235],{},[30,155236,573],{},[40,155238,155239],{"className":42,"code":46416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155240,155241],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155242,155243],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155244,46416],{"class":80},[591,155246,155248],{"id":155247},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155250,155251],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[40,155253,155255],{"className":42,"code":155254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155256,155257,155289],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155258,155259,155261,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277,155279,155281,155283,155285,155287],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155260,56],{"class":55},[49,155262,60],{"class":59},[49,155264,8907],{"class":63},[49,155266,2659],{"class":80},[49,155268,84],{"class":63},[49,155270,8907],{"class":63},[49,155272,1725],{"class":80},[49,155274,84],{"class":63},[49,155276,2120],{"class":80},[49,155278,8904],{"class":63},[49,155280,3296],{"class":63},[49,155282,2174],{"class":80},[49,155284,84],{"class":63},[49,155286,4279],{"class":80},[49,155288,3561],{"class":63},[49,155290,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155292,123],{"class":122},[49,155294,126],{"class":63},[49,155296,10824],{"class":122},[49,155298,126],{"class":63},[49,155300,106],{"class":112},[49,155302,1436],{"class":63},[20,155304,155305],{},[30,155306,573],{},[40,155308,155309],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155310,155311],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155312,155313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155314,46116],{"class":80},[20,155316,19440],{},[155,155318,155319,155324,155329],{},[158,155320,155321,155323],{},[15,155322,2659],{}," is one item",[158,155325,155326,155323],{},[15,155327,155328],{},"(2, 3)",[158,155330,155331,155323],{},[15,155332,155333],{},"[4, 5]",[35,155335,155337],{"id":155336},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[591,155339,155341],{"id":155340},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[40,155343,155345],{"className":42,"code":155344,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155346,155347,155387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155348,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155350,12553],{"class":55},[49,155352,60],{"class":59},[49,155354,8907],{"class":63},[49,155356,68],{"class":67},[49,155358,12570],{"class":71},[49,155360,68],{"class":67},[49,155362,84],{"class":63},[49,155364,87],{"class":67},[49,155366,16937],{"class":71},[49,155368,68],{"class":67},[49,155370,84],{"class":63},[49,155372,87],{"class":67},[49,155374,12587],{"class":71},[49,155376,68],{"class":67},[49,155378,84],{"class":63},[49,155380,87],{"class":67},[49,155382,22008],{"class":71},[49,155384,68],{"class":67},[49,155386,335],{"class":63},[49,155388,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155390,123],{"class":122},[49,155392,126],{"class":63},[49,155394,10824],{"class":122},[49,155396,126],{"class":63},[49,155398,16984],{"class":112},[49,155400,1436],{"class":63},[20,155402,155403],{},[30,155404,573],{},[40,155406,155407],{"className":42,"code":48150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155408,155409],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155410,155411],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155412,48150],{"class":80},[591,155414,155154],{"id":155415},"empty-tuple-1",[40,155417,155419],{"className":42,"code":155418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155420,155421,155429],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155422,155423,155425,155427],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155424,7451],{"class":55},[49,155426,60],{"class":59},[49,155428,148836],{"class":63},[49,155430,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155432,123],{"class":122},[49,155434,126],{"class":63},[49,155436,10824],{"class":122},[49,155438,126],{"class":63},[49,155440,7482],{"class":112},[49,155442,1436],{"class":63},[20,155444,155445],{},[30,155446,573],{},[40,155448,155449],{"className":42,"code":46751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155450,155451],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155452,155453],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155454,46751],{"class":80},[591,155456,155458],{"id":155457},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155460,155461,155462,155464],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[30,155463,600],{}," always a tuple.",[40,155466,155468],{"className":42,"code":155467,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155469,155470,155482,155494,155498,155512,155526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155471,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155473,2224],{"class":55},[49,155475,60],{"class":59},[49,155477,8907],{"class":63},[49,155479,1807],{"class":80},[49,155481,335],{"class":63},[49,155483,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155485,2252],{"class":55},[49,155487,60],{"class":59},[49,155489,8907],{"class":63},[49,155491,1807],{"class":80},[49,155493,148850],{"class":63},[49,155495,155496],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,155497,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,155499,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,155501,123],{"class":122},[49,155503,126],{"class":63},[49,155505,1429],{"class":1428},[49,155507,126],{"class":63},[49,155509,72],{"class":112},[49,155511,1436],{"class":63},[49,155513,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,155515,123],{"class":122},[49,155517,126],{"class":63},[49,155519,1429],{"class":1428},[49,155521,126],{"class":63},[49,155523,90],{"class":112},[49,155525,1436],{"class":63},[49,155527,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,155529,123],{"class":122},[49,155531,126],{"class":63},[49,155533,10824],{"class":122},[49,155535,126],{"class":63},[49,155537,90],{"class":112},[49,155539,1436],{"class":63},[20,155541,155542],{},[30,155543,573],{},[40,155545,155547],{"className":42,"code":155546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155548,155549,155563,155577],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155550,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155552,2962],{"class":59},[49,155554,2965],{"class":1734},[49,155556,406],{"class":67},[49,155558,1857],{"class":71},[49,155560,397],{"class":67},[49,155562,2974],{"class":59},[49,155564,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155566,2962],{"class":59},[49,155568,2965],{"class":1734},[49,155570,406],{"class":67},[49,155572,48453],{"class":71},[49,155574,397],{"class":67},[49,155576,2974],{"class":59},[49,155578,155579],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,155580,46416],{"class":80},[20,155582,155583,155584,1017,155587,109],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[72,155585,155586],{"href":147497},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[72,155588,148798],{"href":148797},[591,155590,155592],{"id":155591},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[40,155594,155596],{"className":42,"code":155595,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155597,155598,155642],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155599,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155601,58976],{"class":55},[49,155603,60],{"class":59},[49,155605,8907],{"class":63},[49,155607,68],{"class":67},[49,155609,3751],{"class":71},[49,155611,68],{"class":67},[49,155613,84],{"class":63},[49,155615,3296],{"class":63},[49,155617,2659],{"class":80},[49,155619,84],{"class":63},[49,155621,97],{"class":80},[49,155623,17544],{"class":63},[49,155625,8907],{"class":63},[49,155627,68],{"class":67},[49,155629,504],{"class":71},[49,155631,68],{"class":67},[49,155633,84],{"class":63},[49,155635,87],{"class":67},[49,155637,517],{"class":71},[49,155639,68],{"class":67},[49,155641,1436],{"class":63},[49,155643,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652,155654],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155645,123],{"class":122},[49,155647,126],{"class":63},[49,155649,10824],{"class":122},[49,155651,126],{"class":63},[49,155653,59029],{"class":112},[49,155655,1436],{"class":63},[20,155657,155658],{},[30,155659,573],{},[40,155661,155662],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155663,155664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155665,155666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155667,46116],{"class":80},[20,155669,155670,155672],{},[15,155671,41858],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[35,155674,155676],{"id":155675},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[591,155678,155680,155682],{"id":155679},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155681,41858],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[40,155684,155686],{"className":42,"code":155685,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155687,155688,155712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155689,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155691,3742],{"class":55},[49,155693,60],{"class":59},[49,155695,8907],{"class":63},[49,155697,68],{"class":67},[49,155699,63100],{"class":71},[49,155701,68],{"class":67},[49,155703,84],{"class":63},[49,155705,87],{"class":67},[49,155707,44],{"class":71},[49,155709,68],{"class":67},[49,155711,335],{"class":63},[49,155713,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722,155724],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155715,123],{"class":122},[49,155717,126],{"class":63},[49,155719,10824],{"class":122},[49,155721,126],{"class":63},[49,155723,3786],{"class":112},[49,155725,1436],{"class":63},[20,155727,155728],{},[30,155729,573],{},[40,155731,155732],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155733,155734],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155735,155736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155737,16537],{"class":80},[20,155739,155740,155741,155743],{},"This result is ",[15,155742,1725],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155745,155746],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[40,155748,155750],{"className":42,"code":155749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155751,155752,155776],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155753,155754,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155755,3742],{"class":55},[49,155757,60],{"class":59},[49,155759,8907],{"class":63},[49,155761,68],{"class":67},[49,155763,63100],{"class":71},[49,155765,68],{"class":67},[49,155767,84],{"class":63},[49,155769,87],{"class":67},[49,155771,44],{"class":71},[49,155773,68],{"class":67},[49,155775,335],{"class":63},[49,155777,155778,155780,155782,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155779,123],{"class":122},[49,155781,126],{"class":63},[49,155783,10824],{"class":122},[49,155785,126],{"class":63},[49,155787,3786],{"class":112},[49,155789,3573],{"class":63},[49,155791,1790],{"class":80},[49,155793,2670],{"class":63},[20,155795,155796],{},[30,155797,573],{},[40,155799,155800],{"className":42,"code":16537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155801,155802],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155803,155804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155805,16537],{"class":80},[20,155807,20254,155808,155811,155812,109],{},[15,155809,155810],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155813,155814],{},"\"hi\"",[591,155816,155818,155820],{"id":155817},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155819,41858],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[40,155822,155824],{"className":42,"code":155823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155825,155826,155862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155827,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155829,3495],{"class":55},[49,155831,60],{"class":59},[49,155833,9660],{"class":63},[49,155835,2659],{"class":80},[49,155837,84],{"class":63},[49,155839,97],{"class":80},[49,155841,8904],{"class":63},[49,155843,8907],{"class":63},[49,155845,1731],{"class":80},[49,155847,84],{"class":63},[49,155849,2126],{"class":80},[49,155851,8904],{"class":63},[49,155853,8907],{"class":63},[49,155855,1807],{"class":80},[49,155857,84],{"class":63},[49,155859,37138],{"class":80},[49,155861,1436],{"class":63},[49,155863,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155865,123],{"class":122},[49,155867,126],{"class":63},[49,155869,10824],{"class":122},[49,155871,126],{"class":63},[49,155873,5031],{"class":112},[49,155875,1436],{"class":63},[20,155877,155878],{},[30,155879,573],{},[40,155881,155882],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155883,155884],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155885,155886],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155887,46116],{"class":80},[20,155889,155890],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[591,155892,155894],{"id":155893},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155896,25176],{},[40,155898,155900],{"className":42,"code":155899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155901,155902,155914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155903,155904,155906,155908,155910,155912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155905,2115],{"class":55},[49,155907,60],{"class":59},[49,155909,8907],{"class":63},[49,155911,1999],{"class":80},[49,155913,335],{"class":63},[49,155915,155916,155918,155920,155922,155924,155926],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155917,123],{"class":122},[49,155919,126],{"class":63},[49,155921,1429],{"class":1428},[49,155923,126],{"class":63},[49,155925,2142],{"class":112},[49,155927,1436],{"class":63},[20,155929,155930],{},[30,155931,573],{},[40,155933,155935],{"className":42,"code":155934,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155936,155937],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155938,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155940,2962],{"class":59},[49,155942,2965],{"class":1734},[49,155944,406],{"class":67},[49,155946,1857],{"class":71},[49,155948,397],{"class":67},[49,155950,2974],{"class":59},[20,155952,155953],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[40,155955,155957],{"className":42,"code":155956,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155958,155959,155971,155985],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155960,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155962,2115],{"class":55},[49,155964,60],{"class":59},[49,155966,8907],{"class":63},[49,155968,1999],{"class":80},[49,155970,148850],{"class":63},[49,155972,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,155974,123],{"class":122},[49,155976,126],{"class":63},[49,155978,1429],{"class":1428},[49,155980,126],{"class":63},[49,155982,2142],{"class":112},[49,155984,1436],{"class":63},[49,155986,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,155988,123],{"class":122},[49,155990,126],{"class":63},[49,155992,10824],{"class":122},[49,155994,126],{"class":63},[49,155996,2142],{"class":112},[49,155998,1436],{"class":63},[20,156000,156001],{},[30,156002,573],{},[40,156004,156006],{"className":42,"code":156005,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156007,156008,156022],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156009,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018,156020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156011,2962],{"class":59},[49,156013,2965],{"class":1734},[49,156015,406],{"class":67},[49,156017,48453],{"class":71},[49,156019,397],{"class":67},[49,156021,2974],{"class":59},[49,156023,156024],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156025,46416],{"class":80},[591,156027,156029,156031],{"id":156028},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156030,10824],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156033,43927,156034,156036],{},[15,156035,10824],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156038,43958],{},[40,156040,156042],{"className":42,"code":156041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156043,156044,156052,156072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156045,156046,156048,156050],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156047,10824],{"class":122},[49,156049,12754],{"class":59},[49,156051,2257],{"class":80},[49,156053,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156055,3291],{"class":55},[49,156057,60],{"class":59},[49,156059,8907],{"class":63},[49,156061,2659],{"class":80},[49,156063,84],{"class":63},[49,156065,97],{"class":80},[49,156067,84],{"class":63},[49,156069,2120],{"class":80},[49,156071,335],{"class":63},[49,156073,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156075,123],{"class":122},[49,156077,126],{"class":63},[49,156079,10824],{"class":122},[49,156081,126],{"class":63},[49,156083,3323],{"class":112},[49,156085,1436],{"class":63},[20,156087,39149,156088,156090],{},[15,156089,10824],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156092,156093],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[40,156095,156097],{"className":42,"code":156096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156098,156099,156108,156128],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156100,156101,156104,156106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156102,156103],{"class":55},"length_value ",[49,156105,60],{"class":59},[49,156107,2257],{"class":80},[49,156109,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156111,3291],{"class":55},[49,156113,60],{"class":59},[49,156115,8907],{"class":63},[49,156117,2659],{"class":80},[49,156119,84],{"class":63},[49,156121,97],{"class":80},[49,156123,84],{"class":63},[49,156125,2120],{"class":80},[49,156127,335],{"class":63},[49,156129,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156131,123],{"class":122},[49,156133,126],{"class":63},[49,156135,10824],{"class":122},[49,156137,126],{"class":63},[49,156139,3323],{"class":112},[49,156141,1436],{"class":63},[20,156143,156144],{},[30,156145,573],{},[40,156147,156148],{"className":42,"code":46116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,156149,156150],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156151,156152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156153,46116],{"class":80},[35,156155,156157],{"id":156156},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156159,156160,156162],{},[15,156161,41858],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[591,156164,156166],{"id":156165},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[40,156168,156170],{"className":42,"code":156169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156171,156172,156180,156184,156202],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156173,156174,156176,156178],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156175,7451],{"class":55},[49,156177,60],{"class":59},[49,156179,148836],{"class":63},[49,156181,156182],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156183,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,156185,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156187,6668],{"class":973},[49,156189,37881],{"class":122},[49,156191,126],{"class":63},[49,156193,7482],{"class":112},[49,156195,131],{"class":63},[49,156197,6082],{"class":59},[49,156199,3506],{"class":80},[49,156201,6067],{"class":63},[49,156203,156204,156206,156208,156210,156213,156215],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,156205,7742],{"class":122},[49,156207,126],{"class":63},[49,156209,68],{"class":67},[49,156211,156212],{"class":71},"The tuple is empty",[49,156214,68],{"class":67},[49,156216,335],{"class":63},[20,156218,156219],{},[30,156220,573],{},[40,156222,156224],{"className":42,"code":156223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156225,156226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156227,156228,156230,156232,156234],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156229,150],{"class":55},[49,156231,48453],{"class":1428},[49,156233,7770],{"class":59},[49,156235,7776],{"class":55},[591,156237,156239],{"id":156238},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[40,156241,156243],{"className":42,"code":156242,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156244,156245,156261,156265,156283],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156246,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156248,50886],{"class":55},[49,156250,60],{"class":59},[49,156252,8907],{"class":63},[49,156254,2174],{"class":80},[49,156256,84],{"class":63},[49,156258,5666],{"class":80},[49,156260,335],{"class":63},[49,156262,156263],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156264,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,156266,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279,156281],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156268,6668],{"class":973},[49,156270,37881],{"class":122},[49,156272,126],{"class":63},[49,156274,50911],{"class":112},[49,156276,131],{"class":63},[49,156278,6082],{"class":59},[49,156280,97],{"class":80},[49,156282,6067],{"class":63},[49,156284,156285,156287,156289,156291,156294,156296],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,156286,7742],{"class":122},[49,156288,126],{"class":63},[49,156290,68],{"class":67},[49,156292,156293],{"class":71},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[49,156295,68],{"class":67},[49,156297,335],{"class":63},[20,156299,156300],{},[30,156301,573],{},[40,156303,156305],{"className":42,"code":156304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156306,156307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156308,156309,156312,156314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156310,156311],{"class":55},"This looks like an x",[49,156313,84],{"class":63},[49,156315,156316],{"class":55}," y coordinate\n",[591,156318,156320],{"id":156319},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[40,156322,156324],{"className":42,"code":156323,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156325,156326,156355,156359,156377],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156327,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156351,156353],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156329,238],{"class":55},[49,156331,60],{"class":59},[49,156333,8907],{"class":63},[49,156335,68],{"class":67},[49,156337,12357],{"class":71},[49,156339,68],{"class":67},[49,156341,84],{"class":63},[49,156343,279],{"class":80},[49,156345,84],{"class":63},[49,156347,87],{"class":67},[49,156349,156350],{"class":71},"Canada",[49,156352,68],{"class":67},[49,156354,335],{"class":63},[49,156356,156357],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156358,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,156360,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156362,6668],{"class":973},[49,156364,37881],{"class":122},[49,156366,126],{"class":63},[49,156368,346],{"class":112},[49,156370,131],{"class":63},[49,156372,6082],{"class":59},[49,156374,2120],{"class":80},[49,156376,6067],{"class":63},[49,156378,156379,156381,156383,156385,156388,156390],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,156380,7742],{"class":122},[49,156382,126],{"class":63},[49,156384,68],{"class":67},[49,156386,156387],{"class":71},"User record has the expected number of values",[49,156389,68],{"class":67},[49,156391,335],{"class":63},[20,156393,156394],{},[30,156395,573],{},[40,156397,156399],{"className":42,"code":156398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156400,156401],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156402,156403],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156404,156398],{"class":55},[591,156406,156408],{"id":156407},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[40,156410,156412],{"className":42,"code":156411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156413,156414,156446,156450,156470],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156415,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156417,35583],{"class":55},[49,156419,60],{"class":59},[49,156421,8907],{"class":63},[49,156423,68],{"class":67},[49,156425,72],{"class":71},[49,156427,68],{"class":67},[49,156429,84],{"class":63},[49,156431,87],{"class":67},[49,156433,90],{"class":71},[49,156435,68],{"class":67},[49,156437,84],{"class":63},[49,156439,87],{"class":67},[49,156441,9406],{"class":71},[49,156443,68],{"class":67},[49,156445,335],{"class":63},[49,156447,156448],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156449,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,156451,156452,156454,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156453,5630],{"class":973},[49,156455,69053],{"class":55},[49,156457,3555],{"class":973},[49,156459,53572],{"class":122},[49,156461,126],{"class":63},[49,156463,10824],{"class":122},[49,156465,126],{"class":63},[49,156467,35636],{"class":112},[49,156469,69068],{"class":63},[49,156471,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480,156482,156484,156486],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,156473,7742],{"class":122},[49,156475,126],{"class":63},[49,156477,35647],{"class":112},[49,156479,84],{"class":63},[49,156481,69601],{"class":112},[49,156483,3573],{"class":63},[49,156485,35647],{"class":112},[49,156487,3561],{"class":63},[20,156489,156490],{},[30,156491,573],{},[40,156493,156494],{"className":42,"code":35659,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,156495,156496,156502,156508],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156497,156498,156500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156499,1790],{"class":80},[49,156501,35668],{"class":55},[49,156503,156504,156506],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156505,2659],{"class":80},[49,156507,35675],{"class":55},[49,156509,156510,156512],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156511,1725],{"class":80},[49,156513,35682],{"class":55},[20,156515,156516,156517,156519,156520,109],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[72,156518,149167],{"href":149166},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[72,156521,150411],{"href":150410},[35,156523,1376],{"id":1375},[20,156525,156526],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[155,156528,156529,156537,156544,156549],{},[158,156530,156531,156532,10754,156535],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156533,156534],{},"(5)",[15,156536,149001],{},[158,156538,8092,156539,156541,156542],{},[15,156540,10824],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156543,41858],{},[158,156545,1392,156546,156548],{},[15,156547,41858],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[158,156550,156551],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156553,31571],{},[40,156555,156557],{"className":42,"code":156556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156558,156559,156569,156583,156597],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156560,156561,156563,156565,156567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156562,123],{"class":122},[49,156564,126],{"class":63},[49,156566,147512],{"class":112},[49,156568,335],{"class":63},[49,156570,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156572,123],{"class":122},[49,156574,126],{"class":63},[49,156576,1429],{"class":1428},[49,156578,126],{"class":63},[49,156580,147512],{"class":112},[49,156582,1436],{"class":63},[49,156584,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156586,123],{"class":122},[49,156588,126],{"class":63},[49,156590,10824],{"class":122},[49,156592,126],{"class":63},[49,156594,147512],{"class":112},[49,156596,1436],{"class":63},[49,156598,156599,156601,156603,156605],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,156600,31641],{"class":122},[49,156602,126],{"class":63},[49,156604,10824],{"class":122},[49,156606,335],{"class":63},[20,156608,154721],{},[155,156610,156611,156614,156617,156621],{},[158,156612,156613],{},"what value you are using",[158,156615,156616],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[158,156618,25505,156619,475],{},[15,156620,41858],{},[158,156622,122885,156623,156625],{},[15,156624,41858],{}," is documented in Python",[35,156627,1498],{"id":1497},[591,156629,156631],{"id":156630},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156633,1762,156634,156637],{},[15,156635,156636],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[591,156639,1502,156641,148671],{"id":156640},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156642,41858],{},[20,156644,45864,156645,156647],{},[15,156646,41858],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[591,156649,156651],{"id":156650},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156653,156654,156655,109],{},"The length is ",[15,156656,1790],{},[591,156658,156660],{"id":156659},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156662,150357,156663,156665],{},[15,156664,150360],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[591,156667,1502,156669,156671],{"id":156668},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156670,41858],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156673,156674],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[35,156676,1550],{"id":1549},[155,156678,156679,156685,156689,156693,156697],{},[158,156680,156681],{},[72,156682,3247,156683,3180],{"href":41855},[15,156684,41858],{},[158,156686,156687],{},[72,156688,155586],{"href":147497},[158,156690,156691],{},[72,156692,149167],{"href":149166},[158,156694,156695],{},[72,156696,150411],{"href":150410},[158,156698,156699],{},[72,156700,156701],{"href":148797},"What is a tuple in Python",[1597,156703,156704],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":156706},[156707,156708,156709,156716,156722,156731,156737,156738,156747],{"id":14641,"depth":103,"text":14642},{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":155074,"depth":103,"text":156710,"children":156711},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156712,156713,156714,156715],{"id":155086,"depth":119,"text":155087},{"id":155153,"depth":119,"text":155154},{"id":155198,"depth":119,"text":155199},{"id":155247,"depth":119,"text":155248},{"id":155336,"depth":103,"text":155337,"children":156717},[156718,156719,156720,156721],{"id":155340,"depth":119,"text":155341},{"id":155415,"depth":119,"text":155154},{"id":155457,"depth":119,"text":155458},{"id":155591,"depth":119,"text":155592},{"id":155675,"depth":103,"text":155676,"children":156723},[156724,156726,156728,156729],{"id":155679,"depth":119,"text":156725},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155817,"depth":119,"text":156727},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155893,"depth":119,"text":155894},{"id":156028,"depth":119,"text":156730},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156156,"depth":103,"text":156157,"children":156732},[156733,156734,156735,156736],{"id":156165,"depth":119,"text":156166},{"id":156238,"depth":119,"text":156239},{"id":156319,"depth":119,"text":156320},{"id":156407,"depth":119,"text":156408},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":156739},[156740,156741,156743,156744,156745],{"id":156630,"depth":119,"text":156631},{"id":156640,"depth":119,"text":156742},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156650,"depth":119,"text":156651},{"id":156659,"depth":119,"text":156660},{"id":156668,"depth":119,"text":156746},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154858,"description":156748},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156755,"title":156756,"body":156757,"description":159142,"extension":1632,"meta":159143,"navigation":312,"path":159144,"seo":159145,"stem":159146,"__hash__":159147},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156758,"toc":159103},[156759,156762,156765,156768,156791,156797,156799,156910,156914,156917,156927,156929,157028,157030,157107,157113,157117,157120,157143,157146,157163,157166,157168,157231,157233,157250,157261,157266,157268,157271,157277,157328,157330,157350,157354,157405,157407,157428,157432,157487,157489,157510,157514,157569,157571,157592,157596,157649,157651,157680,157682,157684,157687,157691,157748,157750,157771,157775,157828,157830,157855,157860,157864,157869,157887,157890,157953,157955,157976,157979,158040,158042,158063,158066,158109,158112,158116,158121,158125,158204,158206,158237,158241,158316,158318,158345,158349,158396,158398,158406,158411,158415,158418,158433,158435,158523,158525,158550,158553,158596,158605,158607,158610,158625,158628,158632,158686,158688,158708,158713,158717,158719,158757,158760,158810,158814,158887,158889,158926,158929,158931,158934,158954,158957,159026,159028,159041,159043,159047,159050,159054,159057,159062,159065,159071,159076,159078,159100],[10,156760,156756],{"id":156761},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156763,156764],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156766,156767],{},"Use this format:",[40,156769,156771],{"className":42,"code":156770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156772,156773],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156774,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156776,48453],{"class":55},[49,156778,3573],{"class":63},[49,156780,35565],{"class":55},[49,156782,77],{"class":63},[49,156784,74931],{"class":55},[49,156786,77],{"class":63},[49,156788,74934],{"class":55},[49,156790,3309],{"class":63},[20,156792,150,156793,74967,156795,109],{},[15,156794,74931],{},[30,156796,64574],{},[35,156798,38],{"id":37},[40,156800,156802],{"className":42,"code":156801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156803,156804,156832,156836,156857,156874,156891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156805,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156807,3291],{"class":55},[49,156809,60],{"class":59},[49,156811,8907],{"class":63},[49,156813,1999],{"class":80},[49,156815,84],{"class":63},[49,156817,7462],{"class":80},[49,156819,84],{"class":63},[49,156821,7467],{"class":80},[49,156823,84],{"class":63},[49,156825,50344],{"class":80},[49,156827,84],{"class":63},[49,156829,4754],{"class":80},[49,156831,335],{"class":63},[49,156833,156834],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156835,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,156837,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156839,123],{"class":122},[49,156841,126],{"class":63},[49,156843,3323],{"class":112},[49,156845,3573],{"class":63},[49,156847,2659],{"class":80},[49,156849,77],{"class":63},[49,156851,2174],{"class":80},[49,156853,19929],{"class":63},[49,156855,156856],{"class":134},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[49,156858,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,156860,123],{"class":122},[49,156862,126],{"class":63},[49,156864,3323],{"class":112},[49,156866,75040],{"class":63},[49,156868,1731],{"class":80},[49,156870,19929],{"class":63},[49,156872,156873],{"class":134},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[49,156875,156876,156878,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,156877,123],{"class":122},[49,156879,126],{"class":63},[49,156881,3323],{"class":112},[49,156883,73627],{"class":63},[49,156885,1725],{"class":80},[49,156887,19929],{"class":63},[49,156889,156890],{"class":134},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[49,156892,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,156894,123],{"class":122},[49,156896,126],{"class":63},[49,156898,3323],{"class":112},[49,156900,73627],{"class":63},[49,156902,1690],{"class":59},[49,156904,2659],{"class":80},[49,156906,19929],{"class":63},[49,156908,156909],{"class":134},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[35,156911,156913],{"id":156912},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156915,156916],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[155,156918,156919,156921,156924],{},[158,156920,75234],{},[158,156922,156923],{},"The result is a new tuple",[158,156925,156926],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156928,1244],{},[40,156930,156932],{"className":42,"code":156931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156933,156934,156982,156986,157004,157008,157018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156935,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156937,35583],{"class":55},[49,156939,60],{"class":59},[49,156941,8907],{"class":63},[49,156943,68],{"class":67},[49,156945,72],{"class":71},[49,156947,68],{"class":67},[49,156949,84],{"class":63},[49,156951,87],{"class":67},[49,156953,90],{"class":71},[49,156955,68],{"class":67},[49,156957,84],{"class":63},[49,156959,87],{"class":67},[49,156961,9406],{"class":71},[49,156963,68],{"class":67},[49,156965,84],{"class":63},[49,156967,87],{"class":67},[49,156969,18250],{"class":71},[49,156971,68],{"class":67},[49,156973,84],{"class":63},[49,156975,87],{"class":67},[49,156977,59951],{"class":71},[49,156979,68],{"class":67},[49,156981,335],{"class":63},[49,156983,156984],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,156985,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,156987,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,156989,75164],{"class":55},[49,156991,60],{"class":59},[49,156993,69601],{"class":55},[49,156995,3573],{"class":63},[49,156997,2659],{"class":80},[49,156999,77],{"class":63},[49,157001,2174],{"class":80},[49,157003,3309],{"class":63},[49,157005,157006],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,157007,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157009,157010,157012,157014,157016],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,157011,123],{"class":122},[49,157013,126],{"class":63},[49,157015,75187],{"class":112},[49,157017,335],{"class":63},[49,157019,157020,157022,157024,157026],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,157021,123],{"class":122},[49,157023,126],{"class":63},[49,157025,35636],{"class":112},[49,157027,335],{"class":63},[20,157029,573],{},[40,157031,157033],{"className":42,"code":157032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157034,157035,157063],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157036,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157038,126],{"class":63},[49,157040,397],{"class":67},[49,157042,90],{"class":71},[49,157044,397],{"class":67},[49,157046,84],{"class":63},[49,157048,406],{"class":67},[49,157050,9406],{"class":71},[49,157052,397],{"class":67},[49,157054,84],{"class":63},[49,157056,406],{"class":67},[49,157058,18250],{"class":71},[49,157060,397],{"class":67},[49,157062,335],{"class":63},[49,157064,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157066,126],{"class":63},[49,157068,397],{"class":67},[49,157070,72],{"class":71},[49,157072,397],{"class":67},[49,157074,84],{"class":63},[49,157076,406],{"class":67},[49,157078,90],{"class":71},[49,157080,397],{"class":67},[49,157082,84],{"class":63},[49,157084,406],{"class":67},[49,157086,9406],{"class":71},[49,157088,397],{"class":67},[49,157090,84],{"class":63},[49,157092,406],{"class":67},[49,157094,18250],{"class":71},[49,157096,397],{"class":67},[49,157098,84],{"class":63},[49,157100,406],{"class":67},[49,157102,59951],{"class":71},[49,157104,397],{"class":67},[49,157106,335],{"class":63},[20,157108,157109,157110,109],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[72,157111,147494],{"href":157112},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[35,157114,157116],{"id":157115},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157118,157119],{},"The full syntax is:",[40,157121,157123],{"className":42,"code":157122,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157124,157125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157126,157127,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157128,147512],{"class":55},[49,157130,3573],{"class":63},[49,157132,35565],{"class":55},[49,157134,77],{"class":63},[49,157136,74931],{"class":55},[49,157138,77],{"class":63},[49,157140,74934],{"class":55},[49,157142,3309],{"class":63},[20,157144,157145],{},"Each part has a job:",[155,157147,157148,157153,157158],{},[158,157149,157150,157152],{},[15,157151,35565],{},": where slicing begins",[158,157154,157155,157157],{},[15,157156,74931],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[158,157159,157160,157162],{},[15,157161,74934],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157164,157165],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157167,1244],{},[40,157169,157171],{"className":42,"code":157170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157172,157173,157205,157209],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157174,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157176,3291],{"class":55},[49,157178,60],{"class":59},[49,157180,8907],{"class":63},[49,157182,1999],{"class":80},[49,157184,84],{"class":63},[49,157186,7462],{"class":80},[49,157188,84],{"class":63},[49,157190,7467],{"class":80},[49,157192,84],{"class":63},[49,157194,50344],{"class":80},[49,157196,84],{"class":63},[49,157198,4754],{"class":80},[49,157200,84],{"class":63},[49,157202,75605],{"class":80},[49,157204,335],{"class":63},[49,157206,157207],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157208,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157210,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157212,123],{"class":122},[49,157214,126],{"class":63},[49,157216,3323],{"class":112},[49,157218,3573],{"class":63},[49,157220,2659],{"class":80},[49,157222,77],{"class":63},[49,157224,1807],{"class":80},[49,157226,77],{"class":63},[49,157228,1725],{"class":80},[49,157230,3561],{"class":63},[20,157232,573],{},[40,157234,157236],{"className":42,"code":157235,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157237,157238],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157239,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157241,126],{"class":63},[49,157243,15234],{"class":80},[49,157245,84],{"class":63},[49,157247,50344],{"class":80},[49,157249,335],{"class":63},[20,157251,157252,157253,157255,157256,157258,157259,109],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157254,2659],{},", stops before index ",[15,157257,1807],{},", and moves by ",[15,157260,1725],{},[20,157262,157263,157264,109],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[72,157265,149167],{"href":152593},[35,157267,75521],{"id":75520},[20,157269,157270],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[591,157272,157274,157275,5638],{"id":157273},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157276,75535],{},[40,157278,157280],{"className":42,"code":157279,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157281,157282,157310,157314],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157283,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157285,3291],{"class":55},[49,157287,60],{"class":59},[49,157289,8907],{"class":63},[49,157291,1999],{"class":80},[49,157293,84],{"class":63},[49,157295,7462],{"class":80},[49,157297,84],{"class":63},[49,157299,7467],{"class":80},[49,157301,84],{"class":63},[49,157303,50344],{"class":80},[49,157305,84],{"class":63},[49,157307,4754],{"class":80},[49,157309,335],{"class":63},[49,157311,157312],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157313,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157315,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157317,123],{"class":122},[49,157319,126],{"class":63},[49,157321,3323],{"class":112},[49,157323,75040],{"class":63},[49,157325,1731],{"class":80},[49,157327,3561],{"class":63},[20,157329,573],{},[40,157331,157332],{"className":42,"code":150859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,157333,157334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157337,126],{"class":63},[49,157339,1999],{"class":80},[49,157341,84],{"class":63},[49,157343,7462],{"class":80},[49,157345,84],{"class":63},[49,157347,7467],{"class":80},[49,157349,335],{"class":63},[591,157351,157353],{"id":157352},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[40,157355,157357],{"className":42,"code":157356,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157358,157359,157387,157391],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157360,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157362,3291],{"class":55},[49,157364,60],{"class":59},[49,157366,8907],{"class":63},[49,157368,1999],{"class":80},[49,157370,84],{"class":63},[49,157372,7462],{"class":80},[49,157374,84],{"class":63},[49,157376,7467],{"class":80},[49,157378,84],{"class":63},[49,157380,50344],{"class":80},[49,157382,84],{"class":63},[49,157384,4754],{"class":80},[49,157386,335],{"class":63},[49,157388,157389],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157390,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157392,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157394,123],{"class":122},[49,157396,126],{"class":63},[49,157398,3323],{"class":112},[49,157400,3573],{"class":63},[49,157402,1725],{"class":80},[49,157404,77221],{"class":63},[20,157406,573],{},[40,157408,157410],{"className":42,"code":157409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157411,157412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157413,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157415,126],{"class":63},[49,157417,36335],{"class":80},[49,157419,84],{"class":63},[49,157421,50344],{"class":80},[49,157423,84],{"class":63},[49,157425,4754],{"class":80},[49,157427,335],{"class":63},[591,157429,157431],{"id":157430},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[40,157433,157435],{"className":42,"code":157434,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157436,157437,157465,157469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157438,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157440,3291],{"class":55},[49,157442,60],{"class":59},[49,157444,8907],{"class":63},[49,157446,1999],{"class":80},[49,157448,84],{"class":63},[49,157450,7462],{"class":80},[49,157452,84],{"class":63},[49,157454,7467],{"class":80},[49,157456,84],{"class":63},[49,157458,50344],{"class":80},[49,157460,84],{"class":63},[49,157462,4754],{"class":80},[49,157464,335],{"class":63},[49,157466,157467],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157468,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157470,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157472,123],{"class":122},[49,157474,126],{"class":63},[49,157476,3323],{"class":112},[49,157478,3573],{"class":63},[49,157480,2659],{"class":80},[49,157482,77],{"class":63},[49,157484,2174],{"class":80},[49,157486,3561],{"class":63},[20,157488,573],{},[40,157490,157492],{"className":42,"code":157491,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157493,157494],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157495,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157497,126],{"class":63},[49,157499,15234],{"class":80},[49,157501,84],{"class":63},[49,157503,7467],{"class":80},[49,157505,84],{"class":63},[49,157507,50344],{"class":80},[49,157509,335],{"class":63},[591,157511,157513],{"id":157512},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[40,157515,157517],{"className":42,"code":157516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157518,157519,157551,157555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157520,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157522,3291],{"class":55},[49,157524,60],{"class":59},[49,157526,8907],{"class":63},[49,157528,1999],{"class":80},[49,157530,84],{"class":63},[49,157532,7462],{"class":80},[49,157534,84],{"class":63},[49,157536,7467],{"class":80},[49,157538,84],{"class":63},[49,157540,50344],{"class":80},[49,157542,84],{"class":63},[49,157544,4754],{"class":80},[49,157546,84],{"class":63},[49,157548,75605],{"class":80},[49,157550,335],{"class":63},[49,157552,157553],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157554,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157556,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157558,123],{"class":122},[49,157560,126],{"class":63},[49,157562,3323],{"class":112},[49,157564,73627],{"class":63},[49,157566,1725],{"class":80},[49,157568,3561],{"class":63},[20,157570,573],{},[40,157572,157574],{"className":42,"code":157573,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157575,157576],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157577,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157579,126],{"class":63},[49,157581,1999],{"class":80},[49,157583,84],{"class":63},[49,157585,7467],{"class":80},[49,157587,84],{"class":63},[49,157589,4754],{"class":80},[49,157591,335],{"class":63},[591,157593,157595],{"id":157594},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[40,157597,157599],{"className":42,"code":157598,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157600,157601,157629,157633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157602,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157604,3291],{"class":55},[49,157606,60],{"class":59},[49,157608,8907],{"class":63},[49,157610,1999],{"class":80},[49,157612,84],{"class":63},[49,157614,7462],{"class":80},[49,157616,84],{"class":63},[49,157618,7467],{"class":80},[49,157620,84],{"class":63},[49,157622,50344],{"class":80},[49,157624,84],{"class":63},[49,157626,4754],{"class":80},[49,157628,335],{"class":63},[49,157630,157631],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157632,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157634,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157636,123],{"class":122},[49,157638,126],{"class":63},[49,157640,3323],{"class":112},[49,157642,73627],{"class":63},[49,157644,1690],{"class":59},[49,157646,2659],{"class":80},[49,157648,3561],{"class":63},[20,157650,573],{},[40,157652,157654],{"className":42,"code":157653,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157655,157656],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157657,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157659,126],{"class":63},[49,157661,76299],{"class":80},[49,157663,84],{"class":63},[49,157665,50344],{"class":80},[49,157667,84],{"class":63},[49,157669,7467],{"class":80},[49,157671,84],{"class":63},[49,157673,7462],{"class":80},[49,157675,84],{"class":63},[49,157677,5677],{"class":80},[49,157679,335],{"class":63},[35,157681,75815],{"id":75814},[20,157683,153866],{},[20,157685,157686],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[591,157688,157690],{"id":157689},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[40,157692,157694],{"className":42,"code":157693,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157695,157696,157728,157732],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157697,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157699,3291],{"class":55},[49,157701,60],{"class":59},[49,157703,8907],{"class":63},[49,157705,1999],{"class":80},[49,157707,84],{"class":63},[49,157709,7462],{"class":80},[49,157711,84],{"class":63},[49,157713,7467],{"class":80},[49,157715,84],{"class":63},[49,157717,50344],{"class":80},[49,157719,84],{"class":63},[49,157721,4754],{"class":80},[49,157723,84],{"class":63},[49,157725,75605],{"class":80},[49,157727,335],{"class":63},[49,157729,157730],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157731,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157733,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157735,123],{"class":122},[49,157737,126],{"class":63},[49,157739,3323],{"class":112},[49,157741,3573],{"class":63},[49,157743,1690],{"class":59},[49,157745,1731],{"class":80},[49,157747,77221],{"class":63},[20,157749,573],{},[40,157751,157753],{"className":42,"code":157752,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157754,157755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157756,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157758,126],{"class":63},[49,157760,56195],{"class":80},[49,157762,84],{"class":63},[49,157764,4754],{"class":80},[49,157766,84],{"class":63},[49,157768,75605],{"class":80},[49,157770,335],{"class":63},[591,157772,157774],{"id":157773},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[40,157776,157778],{"className":42,"code":157777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157779,157780,157808,157812],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157781,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157783,3291],{"class":55},[49,157785,60],{"class":59},[49,157787,8907],{"class":63},[49,157789,1999],{"class":80},[49,157791,84],{"class":63},[49,157793,7462],{"class":80},[49,157795,84],{"class":63},[49,157797,7467],{"class":80},[49,157799,84],{"class":63},[49,157801,50344],{"class":80},[49,157803,84],{"class":63},[49,157805,4754],{"class":80},[49,157807,335],{"class":63},[49,157809,157810],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157811,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157813,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157815,123],{"class":122},[49,157817,126],{"class":63},[49,157819,3323],{"class":112},[49,157821,75040],{"class":63},[49,157823,1690],{"class":59},[49,157825,2659],{"class":80},[49,157827,3561],{"class":63},[20,157829,573],{},[40,157831,157833],{"className":42,"code":157832,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157834,157835],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157836,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157838,126],{"class":63},[49,157840,1999],{"class":80},[49,157842,84],{"class":63},[49,157844,7462],{"class":80},[49,157846,84],{"class":63},[49,157848,7467],{"class":80},[49,157850,84],{"class":63},[49,157852,50344],{"class":80},[49,157854,335],{"class":63},[20,157856,157857,157858,109],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[72,157859,150416],{"href":156750},[35,157861,157863],{"id":157862},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157865,150,157866,157868],{},[15,157867,74934],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[155,157870,157871,157873,157875,157881],{},[158,157872,76071],{},[158,157874,76074],{},[158,157876,157877,157880],{},[15,157878,157879],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[158,157882,157883,157884,157886],{},"A step of ",[15,157885,1790],{}," is not allowed",[20,157888,157889],{},"Example with a positive step:",[40,157891,157893],{"className":42,"code":157892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157894,157895,157927,157931],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157896,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157898,3291],{"class":55},[49,157900,60],{"class":59},[49,157902,8907],{"class":63},[49,157904,1999],{"class":80},[49,157906,84],{"class":63},[49,157908,7462],{"class":80},[49,157910,84],{"class":63},[49,157912,7467],{"class":80},[49,157914,84],{"class":63},[49,157916,50344],{"class":80},[49,157918,84],{"class":63},[49,157920,4754],{"class":80},[49,157922,84],{"class":63},[49,157924,75605],{"class":80},[49,157926,335],{"class":63},[49,157928,157929],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,157930,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,157932,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,157934,123],{"class":122},[49,157936,126],{"class":63},[49,157938,3323],{"class":112},[49,157940,3573],{"class":63},[49,157942,2659],{"class":80},[49,157944,77],{"class":63},[49,157946,80099],{"class":80},[49,157948,77],{"class":63},[49,157950,1725],{"class":80},[49,157952,3561],{"class":63},[20,157954,573],{},[40,157956,157958],{"className":42,"code":157957,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157959,157960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157961,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157963,126],{"class":63},[49,157965,15234],{"class":80},[49,157967,84],{"class":63},[49,157969,50344],{"class":80},[49,157971,84],{"class":63},[49,157973,75605],{"class":80},[49,157975,335],{"class":63},[20,157977,157978],{},"Example with a negative step:",[40,157980,157982],{"className":42,"code":157981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157983,157984,158012,158016],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157985,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157987,3291],{"class":55},[49,157989,60],{"class":59},[49,157991,8907],{"class":63},[49,157993,1999],{"class":80},[49,157995,84],{"class":63},[49,157997,7462],{"class":80},[49,157999,84],{"class":63},[49,158001,7467],{"class":80},[49,158003,84],{"class":63},[49,158005,50344],{"class":80},[49,158007,84],{"class":63},[49,158009,4754],{"class":80},[49,158011,335],{"class":63},[49,158013,158014],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158015,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158017,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158019,123],{"class":122},[49,158021,126],{"class":63},[49,158023,3323],{"class":112},[49,158025,3573],{"class":63},[49,158027,2174],{"class":80},[49,158029,77],{"class":63},[49,158031,2659],{"class":80},[49,158033,77],{"class":63},[49,158035,1690],{"class":59},[49,158037,2659],{"class":80},[49,158039,3561],{"class":63},[20,158041,573],{},[40,158043,158045],{"className":42,"code":158044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158046,158047],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158048,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158050,126],{"class":63},[49,158052,76299],{"class":80},[49,158054,84],{"class":63},[49,158056,50344],{"class":80},[49,158058,84],{"class":63},[49,158060,7467],{"class":80},[49,158062,335],{"class":63},[20,158064,158065],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[40,158067,158069],{"className":42,"code":158068,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158070,158071,158091,158095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158072,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158074,3291],{"class":55},[49,158076,60],{"class":59},[49,158078,8907],{"class":63},[49,158080,1999],{"class":80},[49,158082,84],{"class":63},[49,158084,7462],{"class":80},[49,158086,84],{"class":63},[49,158088,7467],{"class":80},[49,158090,335],{"class":63},[49,158092,158093],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158094,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158096,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158098,123],{"class":122},[49,158100,126],{"class":63},[49,158102,3323],{"class":112},[49,158104,73627],{"class":63},[49,158106,1790],{"class":80},[49,158108,3561],{"class":63},[20,158110,158111],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[35,158113,158115],{"id":158114},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158117,158118,158119,33231],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[30,158120,48453],{},[591,158122,158124],{"id":158123},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[40,158126,158128],{"className":42,"code":158127,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158129,158130,158154,158158,158176,158180,158190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158131,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158133,3291],{"class":55},[49,158135,60],{"class":59},[49,158137,8907],{"class":63},[49,158139,1999],{"class":80},[49,158141,84],{"class":63},[49,158143,7462],{"class":80},[49,158145,84],{"class":63},[49,158147,7467],{"class":80},[49,158149,84],{"class":63},[49,158151,50344],{"class":80},[49,158153,335],{"class":63},[49,158155,158156],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158157,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158159,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158161,534],{"class":55},[49,158163,60],{"class":59},[49,158165,3936],{"class":55},[49,158167,3573],{"class":63},[49,158169,2659],{"class":80},[49,158171,77],{"class":63},[49,158173,1731],{"class":80},[49,158175,3309],{"class":63},[49,158177,158178],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,158179,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158181,158182,158184,158186,158188],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,158183,123],{"class":122},[49,158185,126],{"class":63},[49,158187,558],{"class":112},[49,158189,335],{"class":63},[49,158191,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,158193,123],{"class":122},[49,158195,126],{"class":63},[49,158197,1429],{"class":1428},[49,158199,126],{"class":63},[49,158201,558],{"class":112},[49,158203,1436],{"class":63},[20,158205,573],{},[40,158207,158209],{"className":42,"code":158208,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158210,158211,158223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158212,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158214,126],{"class":63},[49,158216,15234],{"class":80},[49,158218,84],{"class":63},[49,158220,7467],{"class":80},[49,158222,335],{"class":63},[49,158224,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158226,2962],{"class":59},[49,158228,2965],{"class":1734},[49,158230,406],{"class":67},[49,158232,48453],{"class":71},[49,158234,397],{"class":67},[49,158236,2974],{"class":59},[591,158238,158240],{"id":158239},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[40,158242,158244],{"className":42,"code":158243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158245,158246,158266,158270,158288,158292,158302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158247,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158249,3291],{"class":55},[49,158251,60],{"class":59},[49,158253,8907],{"class":63},[49,158255,1999],{"class":80},[49,158257,84],{"class":63},[49,158259,7462],{"class":80},[49,158261,84],{"class":63},[49,158263,7467],{"class":80},[49,158265,335],{"class":63},[49,158267,158268],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158269,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158271,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158273,534],{"class":55},[49,158275,60],{"class":59},[49,158277,3936],{"class":55},[49,158279,3573],{"class":63},[49,158281,2659],{"class":80},[49,158283,77],{"class":63},[49,158285,1725],{"class":80},[49,158287,3309],{"class":63},[49,158289,158290],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,158291,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158293,158294,158296,158298,158300],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,158295,123],{"class":122},[49,158297,126],{"class":63},[49,158299,558],{"class":112},[49,158301,335],{"class":63},[49,158303,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,158305,123],{"class":122},[49,158307,126],{"class":63},[49,158309,1429],{"class":1428},[49,158311,126],{"class":63},[49,158313,558],{"class":112},[49,158315,1436],{"class":63},[20,158317,573],{},[40,158319,158321],{"className":42,"code":158320,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158322,158323,158331],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158324,158325,158327,158329],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158326,126],{"class":63},[49,158328,15234],{"class":80},[49,158330,148850],{"class":63},[49,158332,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158334,2962],{"class":59},[49,158336,2965],{"class":1734},[49,158338,406],{"class":67},[49,158340,48453],{"class":71},[49,158342,397],{"class":67},[49,158344,2974],{"class":59},[591,158346,158348],{"id":158347},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[40,158350,158352],{"className":42,"code":158351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158353,158354,158374,158378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158355,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158357,3291],{"class":55},[49,158359,60],{"class":59},[49,158361,8907],{"class":63},[49,158363,1999],{"class":80},[49,158365,84],{"class":63},[49,158367,7462],{"class":80},[49,158369,84],{"class":63},[49,158371,7467],{"class":80},[49,158373,335],{"class":63},[49,158375,158376],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158377,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158379,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158381,123],{"class":122},[49,158383,126],{"class":63},[49,158385,3323],{"class":112},[49,158387,3573],{"class":63},[49,158389,1807],{"class":80},[49,158391,77],{"class":63},[49,158393,2014],{"class":80},[49,158395,3561],{"class":63},[20,158397,573],{},[40,158399,158400],{"className":42,"code":116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158401,158402],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158403,158404],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158405,116],{"class":63},[20,158407,158408,158409,109],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[72,158410,155586],{"href":150473},[35,158412,158414],{"id":158413},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158416,158417],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[155,158419,158420,158422,158425,158430],{},[158,158421,76380],{},[158,158423,158424],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[158,158426,158427,158428],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158429,70236],{},[158,158431,158432],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158434,1244],{},[40,158436,158438],{"className":42,"code":158437,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158439,158440,158460,158464,158481,158502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158441,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158443,3291],{"class":55},[49,158445,60],{"class":59},[49,158447,8907],{"class":63},[49,158449,1999],{"class":80},[49,158451,84],{"class":63},[49,158453,7462],{"class":80},[49,158455,84],{"class":63},[49,158457,7467],{"class":80},[49,158459,335],{"class":63},[49,158461,158462],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158463,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158465,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158467,123],{"class":122},[49,158469,126],{"class":63},[49,158471,3323],{"class":112},[49,158473,3573],{"class":63},[49,158475,2659],{"class":80},[49,158477,19929],{"class":63},[49,158479,158480],{"class":134},"    # one item\n",[49,158482,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,158484,123],{"class":122},[49,158486,126],{"class":63},[49,158488,3323],{"class":112},[49,158490,3573],{"class":63},[49,158492,2659],{"class":80},[49,158494,77],{"class":63},[49,158496,1807],{"class":80},[49,158498,19929],{"class":63},[49,158500,158501],{"class":134},"  # slice\n",[49,158503,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,158505,123],{"class":122},[49,158507,126],{"class":63},[49,158509,3323],{"class":112},[49,158511,3573],{"class":63},[49,158513,1807],{"class":80},[49,158515,77],{"class":63},[49,158517,2014],{"class":80},[49,158519,19929],{"class":63},[49,158521,158522],{"class":134},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158524,573],{},[40,158526,158528],{"className":42,"code":158527,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158529,158530,158534,158546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158531,158532],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158533,70729],{"class":80},[49,158535,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158537,126],{"class":63},[49,158539,15234],{"class":80},[49,158541,84],{"class":63},[49,158543,7467],{"class":80},[49,158545,335],{"class":63},[49,158547,158548],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158549,116],{"class":63},[20,158551,158552],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[40,158554,158556],{"className":42,"code":158555,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158557,158558,158578,158582],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158559,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158561,3291],{"class":55},[49,158563,60],{"class":59},[49,158565,8907],{"class":63},[49,158567,1999],{"class":80},[49,158569,84],{"class":63},[49,158571,7462],{"class":80},[49,158573,84],{"class":63},[49,158575,7467],{"class":80},[49,158577,335],{"class":63},[49,158579,158580],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158581,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158583,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158585,123],{"class":122},[49,158587,126],{"class":63},[49,158589,3323],{"class":112},[49,158591,3573],{"class":63},[49,158593,1807],{"class":80},[49,158595,3561],{"class":63},[20,158597,158598,158599,158601,158602,109],{},"This raises an ",[15,158600,70236],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[72,158603,154339],{"href":158604},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[35,158606,14656],{"id":76647},[20,158608,158609],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[155,158611,158612,158615,158617,158620],{},[158,158613,158614],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[158,158616,60196],{},[158,158618,158619],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[158,158621,158622,158623],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158624,1790],{},[20,158626,158627],{},"Here are a few examples.",[591,158629,158631],{"id":158630},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[40,158633,158634],{"className":42,"code":157434,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158635,158636,158664,158668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158637,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158639,3291],{"class":55},[49,158641,60],{"class":59},[49,158643,8907],{"class":63},[49,158645,1999],{"class":80},[49,158647,84],{"class":63},[49,158649,7462],{"class":80},[49,158651,84],{"class":63},[49,158653,7467],{"class":80},[49,158655,84],{"class":63},[49,158657,50344],{"class":80},[49,158659,84],{"class":63},[49,158661,4754],{"class":80},[49,158663,335],{"class":63},[49,158665,158666],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158667,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158669,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158671,123],{"class":122},[49,158673,126],{"class":63},[49,158675,3323],{"class":112},[49,158677,3573],{"class":63},[49,158679,2659],{"class":80},[49,158681,77],{"class":63},[49,158683,2174],{"class":80},[49,158685,3561],{"class":63},[20,158687,573],{},[40,158689,158690],{"className":42,"code":157491,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158691,158692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158693,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158695,126],{"class":63},[49,158697,15234],{"class":80},[49,158699,84],{"class":63},[49,158701,7467],{"class":80},[49,158703,84],{"class":63},[49,158705,50344],{"class":80},[49,158707,335],{"class":63},[20,158709,131918,158710,158712],{},[15,158711,2174],{}," is not included.",[591,158714,158716],{"id":158715},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158718,4199],{},[40,158720,158722],{"className":42,"code":158721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158723,158724,158748,158752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158725,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158727,3291],{"class":55},[49,158729,60],{"class":59},[49,158731,8907],{"class":63},[49,158733,1999],{"class":80},[49,158735,84],{"class":63},[49,158737,7462],{"class":80},[49,158739,84],{"class":63},[49,158741,7467],{"class":80},[49,158743,84],{"class":63},[49,158745,50344],{"class":80},[49,158747,335],{"class":63},[49,158749,158750],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158751,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158753,158754],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158755,158756],{"class":134},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158758,158759],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[40,158761,158762],{"className":42,"code":154419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158763,158764,158788,158792],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158765,158766,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158767,3291],{"class":55},[49,158769,60],{"class":59},[49,158771,8907],{"class":63},[49,158773,1999],{"class":80},[49,158775,84],{"class":63},[49,158777,7462],{"class":80},[49,158779,84],{"class":63},[49,158781,7467],{"class":80},[49,158783,84],{"class":63},[49,158785,50344],{"class":80},[49,158787,335],{"class":63},[49,158789,158790],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158791,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158793,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802,158804,158806,158808],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158795,123],{"class":122},[49,158797,126],{"class":63},[49,158799,3323],{"class":112},[49,158801,3573],{"class":63},[49,158803,2659],{"class":80},[49,158805,77],{"class":63},[49,158807,1731],{"class":80},[49,158809,3561],{"class":63},[591,158811,158813],{"id":158812},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[40,158815,158817],{"className":42,"code":158816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158818,158819,158843,158847,158862,158866,158877],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158820,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158822,3291],{"class":55},[49,158824,60],{"class":59},[49,158826,8907],{"class":63},[49,158828,1999],{"class":80},[49,158830,84],{"class":63},[49,158832,7462],{"class":80},[49,158834,84],{"class":63},[49,158836,7467],{"class":80},[49,158838,84],{"class":63},[49,158840,50344],{"class":80},[49,158842,335],{"class":63},[49,158844,158845],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158846,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158848,158849,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158850,158851],{"class":55},"slice_result ",[49,158853,60],{"class":59},[49,158855,3936],{"class":55},[49,158857,75040],{"class":63},[49,158859,1725],{"class":80},[49,158861,3309],{"class":63},[49,158863,158864],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,158865,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,158867,158868,158870,158872,158875],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,158869,123],{"class":122},[49,158871,126],{"class":63},[49,158873,158874],{"class":112},"slice_result",[49,158876,335],{"class":63},[49,158878,158879,158881,158883,158885],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,158880,123],{"class":122},[49,158882,126],{"class":63},[49,158884,3323],{"class":112},[49,158886,335],{"class":63},[20,158888,573],{},[40,158890,158892],{"className":42,"code":158891,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158893,158894,158906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158895,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158897,126],{"class":63},[49,158899,1999],{"class":80},[49,158901,84],{"class":63},[49,158903,7462],{"class":80},[49,158905,335],{"class":63},[49,158907,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158909,126],{"class":63},[49,158911,1999],{"class":80},[49,158913,84],{"class":63},[49,158915,7462],{"class":80},[49,158917,84],{"class":63},[49,158919,7467],{"class":80},[49,158921,84],{"class":63},[49,158923,50344],{"class":80},[49,158925,335],{"class":63},[20,158927,158928],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[35,158930,113232],{"id":113231},[20,158932,158933],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[155,158935,158936,158939,158942,158948,158951],{},[158,158937,158938],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[158,158940,158941],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[158,158943,158944,158945],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158946,158947],{},"tuple[::0]",[158,158949,158950],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[158,158952,158953],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158955,158956],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[40,158958,158960],{"className":42,"code":158959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158961,158962,158972,158990,159012],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158963,158964,158966,158968,158970],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158965,123],{"class":122},[49,158967,126],{"class":63},[49,158969,147512],{"class":112},[49,158971,335],{"class":63},[49,158973,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,158975,123],{"class":122},[49,158977,126],{"class":63},[49,158979,147512],{"class":112},[49,158981,3573],{"class":63},[49,158983,2659],{"class":80},[49,158985,77],{"class":63},[49,158987,2174],{"class":80},[49,158989,3561],{"class":63},[49,158991,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,158993,123],{"class":122},[49,158995,126],{"class":63},[49,158997,1429],{"class":1428},[49,158999,126],{"class":63},[49,159001,147512],{"class":112},[49,159003,3573],{"class":63},[49,159005,2659],{"class":80},[49,159007,77],{"class":63},[49,159009,2174],{"class":80},[49,159011,2670],{"class":63},[49,159013,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,159015,123],{"class":122},[49,159017,126],{"class":63},[49,159019,10824],{"class":122},[49,159021,126],{"class":63},[49,159023,147512],{"class":112},[49,159025,1436],{"class":63},[20,159027,10833],{},[155,159029,159030,159032,159035,159038],{},[158,159031,154726],{},[158,159033,159034],{},"what the slice actually returns",[158,159036,159037],{},"that the result is a tuple",[158,159039,159040],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[35,159042,1498],{"id":1497},[591,159044,159046],{"id":159045},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159048,159049],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[591,159051,159053],{"id":159052},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159055,159056],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[591,159058,1512,159060,39456],{"id":159059},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159061,157879],{},[20,159063,159064],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[591,159066,159068,159069,1529],{"id":159067},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159070,70236],{},[20,159072,159073,159074,109],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159075,70236],{},[35,159077,1550],{"id":1549},[155,159079,159080,159084,159088,159092,159096],{},[158,159081,159082],{},[72,159083,155586],{"href":150473},[158,159085,159086],{},[72,159087,149167],{"href":152593},[158,159089,159090],{},[72,159091,150416],{"href":156750},[158,159093,159094],{},[72,159095,147494],{"href":157112},[158,159097,159098],{},[72,159099,154339],{"href":158604},[1597,159101,159102],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":159104},[159105,159106,159107,159108,159116,159120,159121,159126,159127,159132,159133,159141],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":156912,"depth":103,"text":156913},{"id":157115,"depth":103,"text":157116},{"id":75520,"depth":103,"text":75521,"children":159109},[159110,159112,159113,159114,159115],{"id":157273,"depth":119,"text":159111},"Get the first n items",{"id":157352,"depth":119,"text":157353},{"id":157430,"depth":119,"text":157431},{"id":157512,"depth":119,"text":157513},{"id":157594,"depth":119,"text":157595},{"id":75814,"depth":103,"text":75815,"children":159117},[159118,159119],{"id":157689,"depth":119,"text":157690},{"id":157773,"depth":119,"text":157774},{"id":157862,"depth":103,"text":157863},{"id":158114,"depth":103,"text":158115,"children":159122},[159123,159124,159125],{"id":158123,"depth":119,"text":158124},{"id":158239,"depth":119,"text":158240},{"id":158347,"depth":119,"text":158348},{"id":158413,"depth":103,"text":158414},{"id":76647,"depth":103,"text":14656,"children":159128},[159129,159130,159131],{"id":158630,"depth":119,"text":158631},{"id":158715,"depth":119,"text":158716},{"id":158812,"depth":119,"text":158813},{"id":113231,"depth":103,"text":113232},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":159134},[159135,159136,159137,159139],{"id":159045,"depth":119,"text":159046},{"id":159052,"depth":119,"text":159053},{"id":159059,"depth":119,"text":159138},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159067,"depth":119,"text":159140},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156756,"description":159142},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159149,"title":159150,"body":159151,"description":160974,"extension":1632,"meta":160975,"navigation":312,"path":34299,"seo":160976,"stem":160977,"__hash__":160978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159152,"toc":160940},[159153,159158,159163,159167,159185,159188,159203,159209,159211,159268,159270,159302,159314,159320,159325,159328,159363,159369,159371,159374,159388,159391,159393,159416,159418,159436,159439,159455,159457,159460,159573,159575,159664,159667,159672,159678,159681,159684,159783,159785,159844,159849,159852,159921,159925,159957,159973,159978,159985,159992,160004,160006,160055,160057,160080,160086,160134,160139,160146,160154,160160,160163,160187,160190,160192,160268,160270,160295,160301,160304,160309,160313,160327,160329,160392,160394,160426,160429,160445,160447,160453,160460,160462,160481,160483,160501,160508,160513,160520,160522,160559,160562,160569,160573,160576,160634,160637,160640,160695,160697,160709,160715,160717,160721,160754,160761,160763,160826,160829,160831,160836,160850,160857,160865,160874,160883,160889,160895,160897,160937],[10,159154,3247,159156,3251],{"id":159155},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159157,1970],{},[20,159159,31806,159160,159162],{},[15,159161,1970],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159164,62271,159165,104076],{},[15,159166,1970],{},[155,159168,159169,159172,159175,159178],{},[158,159170,159171],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[158,159173,159174],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[158,159176,159177],{},"debug confusing code",[158,159179,159180,159181],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[72,159182,159183],{"href":7893},[15,159184,2628],{},[20,159186,159187],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[40,159189,159191],{"className":42,"code":159190,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"type(object)\n",[15,159192,159193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159194,159195,159197,159199,159201],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159196,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159198,126],{"class":63},[49,159200,41896],{"class":1428},[49,159202,335],{"class":63},[20,159204,159205,159206,159208],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159207,1970],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[35,159210,3281],{"id":3280},[40,159212,159214],{"className":42,"code":159213,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159215,159216,159228,159242,159246,159254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159217,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159219,7549],{"class":55},[49,159221,60],{"class":59},[49,159223,87],{"class":67},[49,159225,4677],{"class":71},[49,159227,301],{"class":67},[49,159229,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238,159240],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,159231,123],{"class":122},[49,159233,126],{"class":63},[49,159235,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159237,126],{"class":63},[49,159239,251],{"class":112},[49,159241,1436],{"class":63},[49,159243,159244],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,159245,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,159247,159248,159250,159252],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,159249,1886],{"class":55},[49,159251,60],{"class":59},[49,159253,2257],{"class":80},[49,159255,159256,159258,159260,159262,159264,159266],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,159257,123],{"class":122},[49,159259,126],{"class":63},[49,159261,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159263,126],{"class":63},[49,159265,1908],{"class":112},[49,159267,1436],{"class":63},[20,159269,573],{},[40,159271,159272],{"className":42,"code":124579,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159273,159274,159288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159275,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159277,2962],{"class":59},[49,159279,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159281,406],{"class":67},[49,159283,3114],{"class":71},[49,159285,397],{"class":67},[49,159287,2974],{"class":59},[49,159289,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,159291,2962],{"class":59},[49,159293,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159295,406],{"class":67},[49,159297,1857],{"class":71},[49,159299,397],{"class":67},[49,159301,2974],{"class":59},[20,159303,1762,159304,159307,159308,1017,159311,109],{},[15,159305,159306],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159309,159310],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159312,159313],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[35,159315,12473,159317,159319],{"id":159316},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159318,1970],{}," function does",[20,159321,159322,159324],{},[15,159323,1970],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159326,159327],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[155,159329,159330,159335,159340,159345,159350,159355],{},[158,159331,159332,159334],{},[15,159333,3114],{}," for text",[158,159336,159337,159339],{},[15,159338,1857],{}," for whole numbers",[158,159341,159342,159344],{},[15,159343,1861],{}," for decimal numbers",[158,159346,159347,159349],{},[15,159348,7767],{}," for lists",[158,159351,159352,159354],{},[15,159353,8496],{}," for dictionaries",[158,159356,159357,68600,159359,1017,159361],{},[15,159358,3540],{},[15,159360,3276],{},[15,159362,3348],{},[20,159364,159365,159366,159368],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159367,1970],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[35,159370,189],{"id":188},[20,159372,159373],{},"The main beginner form is:",[40,159375,159376],{"className":42,"code":159190,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159377,159378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159379,159380,159382,159384,159386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159381,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159383,126],{"class":63},[49,159385,41896],{"class":1428},[49,159387,335],{"class":63},[20,159389,159390],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159392,1244],{},[40,159394,159396],{"className":42,"code":159395,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159397,159398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159399,159400,159402,159404,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159401,123],{"class":122},[49,159403,126],{"class":63},[49,159405,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159407,126],{"class":63},[49,159409,68],{"class":67},[49,159411,3518],{"class":71},[49,159413,68],{"class":67},[49,159415,1436],{"class":63},[20,159417,573],{},[40,159419,159420],{"className":42,"code":45269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159421,159422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159423,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159425,2962],{"class":59},[49,159427,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159429,406],{"class":67},[49,159431,3114],{"class":71},[49,159433,397],{"class":67},[49,159435,2974],{"class":59},[20,159437,159438],{},"You can pass either:",[155,159440,159441,159448],{},[158,159442,159443,159444,2548,159446],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159445,64039],{},[15,159447,46025],{},[158,159449,159450,159451,2548,159453],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159452,251],{},[15,159454,272],{},[35,159456,121391],{"id":121390},[20,159458,159459],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[40,159461,159463],{"className":42,"code":159462,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159464,159465,159483,159497,159511,159533,159559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159466,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159468,123],{"class":122},[49,159470,126],{"class":63},[49,159472,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159474,126],{"class":63},[49,159476,68],{"class":67},[49,159478,3518],{"class":71},[49,159480,68],{"class":67},[49,159482,1436],{"class":63},[49,159484,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,159486,123],{"class":122},[49,159488,126],{"class":63},[49,159490,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159492,126],{"class":63},[49,159494,1999],{"class":80},[49,159496,1436],{"class":63},[49,159498,159499,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,159500,123],{"class":122},[49,159502,126],{"class":63},[49,159504,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159506,126],{"class":63},[49,159508,39639],{"class":80},[49,159510,1436],{"class":63},[49,159512,159513,159515,159517,159519,159521,159523,159525,159527,159529,159531],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,159514,123],{"class":122},[49,159516,126],{"class":63},[49,159518,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159520,2656],{"class":63},[49,159522,2659],{"class":80},[49,159524,84],{"class":63},[49,159526,97],{"class":80},[49,159528,84],{"class":63},[49,159530,2120],{"class":80},[49,159532,2670],{"class":63},[49,159534,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551,159553,159555,159557],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,159536,123],{"class":122},[49,159538,126],{"class":63},[49,159540,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159542,5202],{"class":63},[49,159544,68],{"class":67},[49,159546,251],{"class":71},[49,159548,68],{"class":67},[49,159550,77],{"class":63},[49,159552,87],{"class":67},[49,159554,4677],{"class":71},[49,159556,68],{"class":67},[49,159558,5211],{"class":63},[49,159560,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,159562,123],{"class":122},[49,159564,126],{"class":63},[49,159566,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159568,126],{"class":63},[49,159570,3276],{"class":583},[49,159572,1436],{"class":63},[20,159574,573],{},[40,159576,159578],{"className":42,"code":159577,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159579,159580,159594,159608,159622,159636,159650],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159581,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590,159592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159583,2962],{"class":59},[49,159585,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159587,406],{"class":67},[49,159589,3114],{"class":71},[49,159591,397],{"class":67},[49,159593,2974],{"class":59},[49,159595,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,159597,2962],{"class":59},[49,159599,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159601,406],{"class":67},[49,159603,1857],{"class":71},[49,159605,397],{"class":67},[49,159607,2974],{"class":59},[49,159609,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,159611,2962],{"class":59},[49,159613,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159615,406],{"class":67},[49,159617,1861],{"class":71},[49,159619,397],{"class":67},[49,159621,2974],{"class":59},[49,159623,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,159625,2962],{"class":59},[49,159627,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159629,406],{"class":67},[49,159631,7767],{"class":71},[49,159633,397],{"class":67},[49,159635,2974],{"class":59},[49,159637,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,159639,2962],{"class":59},[49,159641,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159643,406],{"class":67},[49,159645,8496],{"class":71},[49,159647,397],{"class":67},[49,159649,2974],{"class":59},[49,159651,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,159653,2962],{"class":59},[49,159655,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159657,406],{"class":67},[49,159659,3540],{"class":71},[49,159661,397],{"class":67},[49,159663,2974],{"class":59},[20,159665,159666],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159668,159669,159670,109],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[72,159671,44296],{"href":48478},[35,159673,8092,159675,159677],{"id":159674},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159676,1970],{}," with variables",[20,159679,159680],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159682,159683],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[40,159685,159687],{"className":42,"code":159686,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159688,159689,159697,159715,159719,159731,159749,159753,159765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159690,159691,159693,159695],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159692,2115],{"class":55},[49,159694,60],{"class":59},[49,159696,2257],{"class":80},[49,159698,159699,159701,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,159700,123],{"class":122},[49,159702,126],{"class":63},[49,159704,2142],{"class":112},[49,159706,84],{"class":63},[49,159708,48890],{"class":1428},[49,159710,126],{"class":63},[49,159712,2142],{"class":112},[49,159714,1436],{"class":63},[49,159716,159717],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,159718,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,159720,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,159722,2115],{"class":55},[49,159724,60],{"class":59},[49,159726,87],{"class":67},[49,159728,45406],{"class":71},[49,159730,301],{"class":67},[49,159732,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,159734,123],{"class":122},[49,159736,126],{"class":63},[49,159738,2142],{"class":112},[49,159740,84],{"class":63},[49,159742,48890],{"class":1428},[49,159744,126],{"class":63},[49,159746,2142],{"class":112},[49,159748,1436],{"class":63},[49,159750,159751],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,159752,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,159754,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,159756,2115],{"class":55},[49,159758,60],{"class":59},[49,159760,3296],{"class":63},[49,159762,1999],{"class":80},[49,159764,3309],{"class":63},[49,159766,159767,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777,159779,159781],{"class":51,"line":338},[49,159768,123],{"class":122},[49,159770,126],{"class":63},[49,159772,2142],{"class":112},[49,159774,84],{"class":63},[49,159776,48890],{"class":1428},[49,159778,126],{"class":63},[49,159780,2142],{"class":112},[49,159782,1436],{"class":63},[20,159784,573],{},[40,159786,159788],{"className":42,"code":159787,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159789,159790,159807,159824],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159791,159792,159794,159797,159799,159801,159803,159805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159793,1999],{"class":80},[49,159795,159796],{"class":59}," \u003C",[49,159798,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159800,406],{"class":67},[49,159802,1857],{"class":71},[49,159804,397],{"class":67},[49,159806,2974],{"class":59},[49,159808,159809,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,159810,159811],{"class":55},"ten ",[49,159813,2962],{"class":59},[49,159815,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159817,406],{"class":67},[49,159819,3114],{"class":71},[49,159821,397],{"class":67},[49,159823,2974],{"class":59},[49,159825,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,159827,3573],{"class":63},[49,159829,1999],{"class":80},[49,159831,12751],{"class":63},[49,159833,159796],{"class":59},[49,159835,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159837,406],{"class":67},[49,159839,7767],{"class":71},[49,159841,397],{"class":67},[49,159843,2974],{"class":59},[20,159845,159846,159848],{},[15,159847,1970],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159850,159851],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[40,159853,159855],{"className":42,"code":159854,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159856,159857,159875,159889,159893,159907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159858,159859,159861,159863,159865,159867,159869,159871,159873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159860,3062],{"class":55},[49,159862,60],{"class":59},[49,159864,7916],{"class":122},[49,159866,126],{"class":63},[49,159868,68],{"class":67},[49,159870,41368],{"class":71},[49,159872,68],{"class":67},[49,159874,335],{"class":63},[49,159876,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885,159887],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,159878,123],{"class":122},[49,159880,126],{"class":63},[49,159882,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159884,126],{"class":63},[49,159886,3088],{"class":112},[49,159888,1436],{"class":63},[49,159890,159891],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,159892,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,159894,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,159896,122503],{"class":55},[49,159898,60],{"class":59},[49,159900,44775],{"class":1428},[49,159902,126],{"class":63},[49,159904,3088],{"class":112},[49,159906,335],{"class":63},[49,159908,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,159910,123],{"class":122},[49,159912,126],{"class":63},[49,159914,1429],{"class":1428},[49,159916,126],{"class":63},[49,159918,122526],{"class":112},[49,159920,1436],{"class":63},[20,159922,40617,159923,40621],{},[15,159924,8865],{},[40,159926,159927],{"className":42,"code":124579,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159928,159929,159943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159930,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939,159941],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159932,2962],{"class":59},[49,159934,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159936,406],{"class":67},[49,159938,3114],{"class":71},[49,159940,397],{"class":67},[49,159942,2974],{"class":59},[49,159944,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,159946,2962],{"class":59},[49,159948,2965],{"class":1734},[49,159950,406],{"class":67},[49,159952,1857],{"class":71},[49,159954,397],{"class":67},[49,159956,2974],{"class":59},[20,159958,45202,159959,159963,159964,2548,159968,159972],{},[72,159960,159961],{"href":7893},[15,159962,2628],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[72,159965,159966],{"href":2544},[15,159967,2547],{},[72,159969,159970],{"href":2551},[15,159971,2554],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159974,159975,159976,109],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[72,159977,8656],{"href":8655},[35,159979,159981,10249,159983],{"id":159980},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159982,1970],{},[15,159984,44304],{},[20,159986,159987,1017,159989,159991],{},[15,159988,1970],{},[15,159990,44304],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[155,159993,159994,159999],{},[158,159995,159996,159998],{},[15,159997,1970],{}," tells you the exact type",[158,160000,160001,160003],{},[15,160002,44304],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160005,1244],{},[40,160007,160009],{"className":42,"code":160008,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160010,160011,160019,160023,160037],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160012,160013,160015,160017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160014,2115],{"class":55},[49,160016,60],{"class":59},[49,160018,34333],{"class":80},[49,160020,160021],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160022,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,160026,123],{"class":122},[49,160028,126],{"class":63},[49,160030,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160032,126],{"class":63},[49,160034,2142],{"class":112},[49,160036,1436],{"class":63},[49,160038,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049,160051,160053],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,160040,123],{"class":122},[49,160042,126],{"class":63},[49,160044,48375],{"class":122},[49,160046,126],{"class":63},[49,160048,2142],{"class":112},[49,160050,84],{"class":63},[49,160052,44775],{"class":1428},[49,160054,1436],{"class":63},[20,160056,573],{},[40,160058,160060],{"className":42,"code":160059,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160061,160062,160076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160063,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160065,2962],{"class":59},[49,160067,2965],{"class":1734},[49,160069,406],{"class":67},[49,160071,1857],{"class":71},[49,160073,397],{"class":67},[49,160075,2974],{"class":59},[49,160077,160078],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160079,1007],{"class":583},[20,160081,160082,160083,160085],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160084,44304],{}," is more practical.",[40,160087,160089],{"className":42,"code":160088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160090,160091,160099,160103,160119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160092,160093,160095,160097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160094,2115],{"class":55},[49,160096,60],{"class":59},[49,160098,34333],{"class":80},[49,160100,160101],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160102,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,160104,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,160106,6668],{"class":973},[49,160108,49113],{"class":122},[49,160110,126],{"class":63},[49,160112,2142],{"class":112},[49,160114,84],{"class":63},[49,160116,44775],{"class":1428},[49,160118,8016],{"class":63},[49,160120,160121,160123,160125,160127,160130,160132],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,160122,7742],{"class":122},[49,160124,126],{"class":63},[49,160126,68],{"class":67},[49,160128,160129],{"class":71},"This is an integer",[49,160131,68],{"class":67},[49,160133,335],{"class":63},[20,160135,1762,160136,160138],{},[15,160137,1970],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160140,1762,160141,160143,160144,6843],{},[15,160142,44304],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160145,6668],{},[20,160147,160148,160149,109],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[72,160150,3247,160152,3180],{"href":160151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160153,44304],{},[35,160155,160157,160158],{"id":160156},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160159,1970],{},[20,160161,160162],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[40,160164,160166],{"className":42,"code":160165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160167,160168],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160169,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178,160181,160183,160185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160171,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160173,126],{"class":63},[49,160175,251],{"class":112},[49,160177,84],{"class":63},[49,160179,160180],{"class":112}," bases",[49,160182,84],{"class":63},[49,160184,8842],{"class":1428},[49,160186,335],{"class":63},[20,160188,160189],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160191,1244],{},[40,160193,160195],{"className":42,"code":160194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160196,160197,160240,160244,160254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160198,160199,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210,160213,160215,160217,160220,160222,160224,160227,160229,160231,160233,160236,160238],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160200,160201],{"class":55},"Person ",[49,160203,60],{"class":59},[49,160205,48890],{"class":1428},[49,160207,126],{"class":63},[49,160209,68],{"class":67},[49,160211,160212],{"class":71},"Person",[49,160214,68],{"class":67},[49,160216,84],{"class":63},[49,160218,160219],{"class":63}," (),",[49,160221,64],{"class":63},[49,160223,68],{"class":67},[49,160225,160226],{"class":71},"species",[49,160228,68],{"class":67},[49,160230,77],{"class":63},[49,160232,87],{"class":67},[49,160234,160235],{"class":71},"human",[49,160237,68],{"class":67},[49,160239,29984],{"class":63},[49,160241,160242],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160243,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,160245,160246,160248,160250,160252],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,160247,123],{"class":122},[49,160249,126],{"class":63},[49,160251,160212],{"class":112},[49,160253,335],{"class":63},[49,160255,160256,160258,160260,160262,160264,160266],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,160257,123],{"class":122},[49,160259,126],{"class":63},[49,160261,160212],{"class":112},[49,160263,109],{"class":63},[49,160265,160226],{"class":24235},[49,160267,335],{"class":63},[20,160269,573],{},[40,160271,160273],{"className":42,"code":160272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160274,160275,160290],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160276,160277,160279,160281,160283,160286,160288],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160278,2962],{"class":59},[49,160280,2965],{"class":1734},[49,160282,406],{"class":67},[49,160284,160285],{"class":71},"__main__.Person",[49,160287,397],{"class":67},[49,160289,2974],{"class":59},[49,160291,160292],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160293,160294],{"class":55},"human\n",[20,160296,160297,160298,160300],{},"Most beginners do ",[30,160299,600],{}," need this form.",[20,160302,160303],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[35,160305,1223,160307],{"id":160306},"when-to-use-type",[15,160308,1970],{},[20,160310,160311,1230],{},[15,160312,1970],{},[155,160314,160315,160318,160321,160324],{},[158,160316,160317],{},"debug unexpected values",[158,160319,160320],{},"check what a conversion produced",[158,160322,160323],{},"learn Python data types",[158,160325,160326],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160328,5145],{},[40,160330,160332],{"className":42,"code":160331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160333,160334,160346,160360,160364,160378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160335,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160337,34178],{"class":55},[49,160339,60],{"class":59},[49,160341,87],{"class":67},[49,160343,49746],{"class":71},[49,160345,301],{"class":67},[49,160347,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356,160358],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160349,1886],{"class":55},[49,160351,60],{"class":59},[49,160353,44775],{"class":1428},[49,160355,126],{"class":63},[49,160357,34199],{"class":112},[49,160359,335],{"class":63},[49,160361,160362],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,160363,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,160365,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,160367,123],{"class":122},[49,160369,126],{"class":63},[49,160371,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160373,126],{"class":63},[49,160375,34199],{"class":112},[49,160377,1436],{"class":63},[49,160379,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388,160390],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,160381,123],{"class":122},[49,160383,126],{"class":63},[49,160385,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160387,126],{"class":63},[49,160389,1908],{"class":112},[49,160391,1436],{"class":63},[20,160393,573],{},[40,160395,160396],{"className":42,"code":124579,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160397,160398,160412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160399,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160401,2962],{"class":59},[49,160403,2965],{"class":1734},[49,160405,406],{"class":67},[49,160407,3114],{"class":71},[49,160409,397],{"class":67},[49,160411,2974],{"class":59},[49,160413,160414,160416,160418,160420,160422,160424],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160415,2962],{"class":59},[49,160417,2965],{"class":1734},[49,160419,406],{"class":67},[49,160421,1857],{"class":71},[49,160423,397],{"class":67},[49,160425,2974],{"class":59},[20,160427,160428],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160430,160431,160432,1858,160436,16553,160440,160444],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[72,160433,160434],{"href":41672},[15,160435,47183],{},[72,160437,160438],{"href":2544},[15,160439,2547],{},[72,160441,160442],{"href":2551},[15,160443,2554],{}," are often the next step.",[35,160446,24843],{"id":24842},[20,160448,160449,160450,160452],{},"A few things about ",[15,160451,1970],{}," often confuse beginners.",[591,160454,160456,160459],{"id":160455},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160457,160458],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160461,64148],{},[40,160463,160465],{"className":42,"code":160464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160466,160467],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160468,160469,160471,160473,160475,160477,160479],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160470,123],{"class":122},[49,160472,126],{"class":63},[49,160474,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160476,126],{"class":63},[49,160478,1807],{"class":80},[49,160480,1436],{"class":63},[20,160482,122422],{},[40,160484,160485],{"className":42,"code":155934,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160486,160487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160488,160489,160491,160493,160495,160497,160499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160490,2962],{"class":59},[49,160492,2965],{"class":1734},[49,160494,406],{"class":67},[49,160496,1857],{"class":71},[49,160498,397],{"class":67},[49,160500,2974],{"class":59},[20,160502,40402,160503,160505,160506,109],{},[30,160504,600],{}," print just ",[15,160507,1857],{},[20,160509,6347,160510,160512],{},[15,160511,1970],{}," returns a class object.",[591,160514,160516,480,160518],{"id":160515},"input-returns-str",[15,160517,2628],{},[15,160519,3114],{},[20,160521,79047],{},[40,160523,160525],{"className":42,"code":160524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160526,160527,160545],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160528,160529,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160530,2115],{"class":55},[49,160532,60],{"class":59},[49,160534,7916],{"class":122},[49,160536,126],{"class":63},[49,160538,68],{"class":67},[49,160540,45809],{"class":71},[49,160542,68],{"class":67},[49,160544,335],{"class":63},[49,160546,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160548,123],{"class":122},[49,160550,126],{"class":63},[49,160552,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160554,126],{"class":63},[49,160556,2142],{"class":112},[49,160558,1436],{"class":63},[20,160560,160561],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160563,160564,160565,2548,160567,109],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160566,2547],{},[15,160568,2554],{},[591,160570,160572],{"id":160571},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160574,160575],{},"Avoid code like this:",[40,160577,160579],{"className":42,"code":160578,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160580,160581,160589,160593,160619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160582,160583,160585,160587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160584,2115],{"class":55},[49,160586,60],{"class":59},[49,160588,34333],{"class":80},[49,160590,160591],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160592,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,160594,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607,160609,160611,160613,160615,160617],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,160596,6668],{"class":973},[49,160598,48404],{"class":1428},[49,160600,126],{"class":63},[49,160602,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160604,126],{"class":63},[49,160606,2142],{"class":112},[49,160608,5034],{"class":63},[49,160610,6082],{"class":59},[49,160612,87],{"class":67},[49,160614,159313],{"class":71},[49,160616,68],{"class":67},[49,160618,6067],{"class":63},[49,160620,160621,160623,160625,160627,160630,160632],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,160622,7742],{"class":122},[49,160624,126],{"class":63},[49,160626,68],{"class":67},[49,160628,160629],{"class":71},"It is an int",[49,160631,68],{"class":67},[49,160633,335],{"class":63},[20,160635,160636],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160638,160639],{},"Better options:",[40,160641,160643],{"className":42,"code":160642,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160644,160645,160653,160657,160677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160646,160647,160649,160651],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160648,2115],{"class":55},[49,160650,60],{"class":59},[49,160652,34333],{"class":80},[49,160654,160655],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160656,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,160658,160659,160661,160663,160665,160667,160669,160671,160673,160675],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,160660,123],{"class":122},[49,160662,126],{"class":63},[49,160664,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160666,126],{"class":63},[49,160668,2142],{"class":112},[49,160670,131],{"class":63},[49,160672,6082],{"class":59},[49,160674,44775],{"class":1428},[49,160676,335],{"class":63},[49,160678,160679,160681,160683,160685,160687,160689,160691,160693],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,160680,123],{"class":122},[49,160682,126],{"class":63},[49,160684,48375],{"class":122},[49,160686,126],{"class":63},[49,160688,2142],{"class":112},[49,160690,84],{"class":63},[49,160692,44775],{"class":1428},[49,160694,1436],{"class":63},[20,160696,573],{},[40,160698,160699],{"className":42,"code":4178,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160700,160701,160705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160702,160703],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160704,1007],{"class":583},[49,160706,160707],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160708,1007],{"class":583},[20,160710,160711,160712,160714],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160713,44304],{}," is the more useful check.",[35,160716,1376],{"id":1375},[20,160718,14212,160719,77],{},[15,160720,1970],{},[155,160722,160723,160733,160742,160751],{},[158,160724,8092,160725,160727,160728,160732],{},[15,160726,1970],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[72,160729,160730],{"href":7893},[15,160731,2628],{}," always returns a string",[158,160734,1392,160735,160737,160738,10754,160740],{},[15,160736,1970],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160739,1857],{},[15,160741,159313],{},[158,160743,8092,160744,44128,160747,160750],{},[15,160745,160746],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160748,160749],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[158,160752,160753],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160755,160756,160757,109],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[72,160758,160760],{"href":160759},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160762,144088],{},[40,160764,160766],{"className":42,"code":160765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160767,160768,160782,160792,160806,160816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160769,160770,160772,160774,160776,160778,160780],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160771,123],{"class":122},[49,160773,126],{"class":63},[49,160775,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160777,126],{"class":63},[49,160779,2142],{"class":112},[49,160781,1436],{"class":63},[49,160783,160784,160786,160788,160790],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,160785,123],{"class":122},[49,160787,126],{"class":63},[49,160789,2142],{"class":112},[49,160791,335],{"class":63},[49,160793,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,160795,123],{"class":122},[49,160797,126],{"class":63},[49,160799,41276],{"class":122},[49,160801,126],{"class":63},[49,160803,2142],{"class":112},[49,160805,1436],{"class":63},[49,160807,160808,160810,160812,160814],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,160809,31641],{"class":122},[49,160811,126],{"class":63},[49,160813,1429],{"class":1428},[49,160815,335],{"class":63},[49,160817,160818,160820,160822,160824],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,160819,33862],{"class":122},[49,160821,126],{"class":63},[49,160823,2142],{"class":112},[49,160825,335],{"class":63},[20,160827,160828],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[35,160830,1498],{"id":1497},[591,160832,1512,160834,4818],{"id":160833},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160835,1970],{},[20,160837,160838,160839,1858,160841,1858,160843,1862,160845,160847,160848,109],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160840,3114],{},[15,160842,1857],{},[15,160844,7767],{},[15,160846,8496],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160849,159310],{},[591,160851,14382,160853,56708,160855,1529],{"id":160852},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160854,1970],{},[15,160856,44304],{},[20,160858,45864,160859,160861,160862,160864],{},[15,160860,1970],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160863,44304],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[591,160866,4830,160868,160871,160872,1529],{"id":160867},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160869,160870],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160873,3114],{},[20,160875,28548,160876,160878,160879,2548,160881,159972],{},[15,160877,2628],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160880,2547],{},[15,160882,2554],{},[591,160884,4842,160886,160888],{"id":160885},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160887,1970],{}," create classes?",[20,160890,160891,160892,109],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160893,160894],{},"type(object)",[35,160896,1550],{"id":1549},[155,160898,160899,160903,160909,160915,160919,160925,160931],{},[158,160900,160901],{},[72,160902,44296],{"href":48478},[158,160904,160905],{},[72,160906,3247,160907,3180],{"href":160151},[15,160908,44304],{},[158,160910,160911],{},[72,160912,3247,160913,3180],{"href":7893},[15,160914,2628],{},[158,160916,160917],{},[72,160918,8733],{"href":8655},[158,160920,160921],{},[72,160922,3247,160923,3180],{"href":2544},[15,160924,2547],{},[158,160926,160927],{},[72,160928,3247,160929,3180],{"href":2551},[15,160930,2554],{},[158,160932,160933],{},[72,160934,3247,160935,3180],{"href":41672},[15,160936,47183],{},[1597,160938,160939],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":160941},[160942,160943,160945,160946,160947,160949,160951,160953,160955,160962,160963,160973],{"id":3280,"depth":103,"text":3281},{"id":159316,"depth":103,"text":160944},"What the type() function does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":121390,"depth":103,"text":121391},{"id":159674,"depth":103,"text":160948},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159980,"depth":103,"text":160950},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160156,"depth":103,"text":160952},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160306,"depth":103,"text":160954},"When to use type()",{"id":24842,"depth":103,"text":24843,"children":160956},[160957,160959,160961],{"id":160455,"depth":119,"text":160958},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160515,"depth":119,"text":160960},"input() returns str",{"id":160571,"depth":119,"text":160572},{"id":1375,"depth":103,"text":1376},{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":160964},[160965,160967,160969,160971],{"id":160833,"depth":119,"text":160966},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160852,"depth":119,"text":160968},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160867,"depth":119,"text":160970},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160885,"depth":119,"text":160972},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159150,"description":160974},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160980,"title":160981,"body":160982,"description":163461,"extension":1632,"meta":163462,"navigation":312,"path":163463,"seo":163464,"stem":163465,"__hash__":163466},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160983,"toc":163418},[160984,160989,160994,161003,161005,161105,161107,161132,161137,161142,161158,161161,161163,161165,161190,161193,161196,161279,161281,161330,161333,161455,161457,161530,161534,161537,161651,161653,161679,161681,161702,161707,161711,161716,161719,161823,161825,161842,161851,161854,161941,161943,161954,161959,161965,161970,161976,161979,162072,162074,162123,162129,162132,162233,162235,162288,162293,162297,162300,162399,162401,162440,162443,162448,162450,162455,162459,162572,162576,162673,162677,162765,162767,162784,162788,162911,162917,162923,162929,162934,162937,162964,162968,162970,163064,163067,163071,163074,163161,163164,163199,163201,163238,163241,163249,163254,163259,163333,163340,163342,163347,163350,163356,163359,163365,163370,163376,163381,163385,163388,163390,163415],[10,160985,3247,160987,3251],{"id":160986},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160988,63824],{},[20,160990,160991,160993],{},[15,160992,63824],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160995,160996,160997,160999,161000,161002],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160998,63824],{}," inside a ",[15,161001,5630],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[35,161004,38],{"id":37},[40,161006,161008],{"className":42,"code":161007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161009,161010,161042,161062,161066,161091],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161011,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034,161036,161038,161040],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161013,4668],{"class":55},[49,161015,60],{"class":59},[49,161017,3296],{"class":63},[49,161019,68],{"class":67},[49,161021,12357],{"class":71},[49,161023,68],{"class":67},[49,161025,84],{"class":63},[49,161027,87],{"class":67},[49,161029,35433],{"class":71},[49,161031,68],{"class":67},[49,161033,84],{"class":63},[49,161035,87],{"class":67},[49,161037,35442],{"class":71},[49,161039,68],{"class":67},[49,161041,3309],{"class":63},[49,161043,161044,161046,161048,161050,161052,161054,161056,161058,161060],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161045,4737],{"class":55},[49,161047,60],{"class":59},[49,161049,3296],{"class":63},[49,161051,12980],{"class":80},[49,161053,84],{"class":63},[49,161055,12985],{"class":80},[49,161057,84],{"class":63},[49,161059,28407],{"class":80},[49,161061,3309],{"class":63},[49,161063,161064],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,161065,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,161067,161068,161070,161072,161074,161076,161078,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,161069,5630],{"class":973},[49,161071,35484],{"class":55},[49,161073,84],{"class":63},[49,161075,4779],{"class":55},[49,161077,3555],{"class":973},[49,161079,161080],{"class":122}," zip",[49,161082,126],{"class":63},[49,161084,4712],{"class":112},[49,161086,84],{"class":63},[49,161088,4784],{"class":112},[49,161090,8016],{"class":63},[49,161092,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,161094,7742],{"class":122},[49,161096,126],{"class":63},[49,161098,251],{"class":112},[49,161100,84],{"class":63},[49,161102,130368],{"class":112},[49,161104,335],{"class":63},[20,161106,573],{},[40,161108,161110],{"className":42,"code":161109,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161111,161112,161118,161125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161113,161114,161116],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161115,133387],{"class":55},[49,161117,32625],{"class":80},[49,161119,161120,161123],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161121,161122],{"class":55},"Ben ",[49,161124,32630],{"class":80},[49,161126,161127,161130],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,161128,161129],{"class":55},"Cara ",[49,161131,32635],{"class":80},[20,161133,1762,161134,161136],{},[15,161135,63824],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[35,161138,144,161140,147],{"id":161139},"what-zip-does",[15,161141,63824],{},[155,161143,161144,161149,161152,161155],{},[158,161145,161146,161148],{},[15,161147,63824],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[158,161150,161151],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[158,161153,161154],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[158,161156,161157],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161159,161160],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[35,161162,189],{"id":188},[20,161164,6889],{},[40,161166,161168],{"className":42,"code":161167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161169,161170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161171,161172,161174,161176,161179,161181,161184,161186,161188],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161173,63894],{"class":122},[49,161175,126],{"class":63},[49,161177,161178],{"class":112},"iterable1",[49,161180,84],{"class":63},[49,161182,161183],{"class":112}," iterable2",[49,161185,84],{"class":63},[49,161187,33944],{"class":122},[49,161189,335],{"class":63},[20,161191,161192],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161194,161195],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[40,161197,161199],{"className":42,"code":161198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161200,161201,161221,161253,161257],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161202,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161204,3291],{"class":55},[49,161206,60],{"class":59},[49,161208,3296],{"class":63},[49,161210,2659],{"class":80},[49,161212,84],{"class":63},[49,161214,97],{"class":80},[49,161216,84],{"class":63},[49,161218,2120],{"class":80},[49,161220,3309],{"class":63},[49,161222,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161224,35583],{"class":55},[49,161226,60],{"class":59},[49,161228,3296],{"class":63},[49,161230,68],{"class":67},[49,161232,72],{"class":71},[49,161234,68],{"class":67},[49,161236,84],{"class":63},[49,161238,87],{"class":67},[49,161240,90],{"class":71},[49,161242,68],{"class":67},[49,161244,84],{"class":63},[49,161246,87],{"class":67},[49,161248,9406],{"class":71},[49,161250,68],{"class":67},[49,161252,3309],{"class":63},[49,161254,161255],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,161256,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,161258,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,161260,123],{"class":122},[49,161262,126],{"class":63},[49,161264,7767],{"class":1428},[49,161266,126],{"class":63},[49,161268,63894],{"class":122},[49,161270,126],{"class":63},[49,161272,3323],{"class":112},[49,161274,84],{"class":63},[49,161276,69601],{"class":112},[49,161278,2582],{"class":63},[20,161280,573],{},[40,161282,161284],{"className":42,"code":161283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161285,161286],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161287,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161289,21224],{"class":63},[49,161291,2659],{"class":80},[49,161293,84],{"class":63},[49,161295,406],{"class":67},[49,161297,72],{"class":71},[49,161299,397],{"class":67},[49,161301,8904],{"class":63},[49,161303,8907],{"class":63},[49,161305,1725],{"class":80},[49,161307,84],{"class":63},[49,161309,406],{"class":67},[49,161311,90],{"class":71},[49,161313,397],{"class":67},[49,161315,8904],{"class":63},[49,161317,8907],{"class":63},[49,161319,1731],{"class":80},[49,161321,84],{"class":63},[49,161323,406],{"class":67},[49,161325,9406],{"class":71},[49,161327,397],{"class":67},[49,161329,8920],{"class":63},[20,161331,161332],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[40,161334,161336],{"className":42,"code":161335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161337,161338,161370,161390,161424,161428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161339,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161341,4668],{"class":55},[49,161343,60],{"class":59},[49,161345,3296],{"class":63},[49,161347,68],{"class":67},[49,161349,12357],{"class":71},[49,161351,68],{"class":67},[49,161353,84],{"class":63},[49,161355,87],{"class":67},[49,161357,35433],{"class":71},[49,161359,68],{"class":67},[49,161361,84],{"class":63},[49,161363,87],{"class":67},[49,161365,35442],{"class":71},[49,161367,68],{"class":67},[49,161369,3309],{"class":63},[49,161371,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161386,161388],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161373,4737],{"class":55},[49,161375,60],{"class":59},[49,161377,3296],{"class":63},[49,161379,12980],{"class":80},[49,161381,84],{"class":63},[49,161383,12985],{"class":80},[49,161385,84],{"class":63},[49,161387,28407],{"class":80},[49,161389,3309],{"class":63},[49,161391,161392,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411,161413,161415,161417,161420,161422],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,161393,161394],{"class":55},"grades ",[49,161396,60],{"class":59},[49,161398,3296],{"class":63},[49,161400,68],{"class":67},[49,161402,21729],{"class":71},[49,161404,68],{"class":67},[49,161406,84],{"class":63},[49,161408,87],{"class":67},[49,161410,30088],{"class":71},[49,161412,68],{"class":67},[49,161414,84],{"class":63},[49,161416,87],{"class":67},[49,161418,161419],{"class":71},"B+",[49,161421,68],{"class":67},[49,161423,3309],{"class":63},[49,161425,161426],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,161427,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,161429,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161453],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,161431,123],{"class":122},[49,161433,126],{"class":63},[49,161435,7767],{"class":1428},[49,161437,126],{"class":63},[49,161439,63894],{"class":122},[49,161441,126],{"class":63},[49,161443,4712],{"class":112},[49,161445,84],{"class":63},[49,161447,4784],{"class":112},[49,161449,84],{"class":63},[49,161451,161452],{"class":112}," grades",[49,161454,2582],{"class":63},[20,161456,573],{},[40,161458,161460],{"className":42,"code":161459,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161461,161462],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161463,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161465,21224],{"class":63},[49,161467,397],{"class":67},[49,161469,12357],{"class":71},[49,161471,397],{"class":67},[49,161473,84],{"class":63},[49,161475,19381],{"class":80},[49,161477,84],{"class":63},[49,161479,406],{"class":67},[49,161481,21729],{"class":71},[49,161483,397],{"class":67},[49,161485,8904],{"class":63},[49,161487,8907],{"class":63},[49,161489,397],{"class":67},[49,161491,35433],{"class":71},[49,161493,397],{"class":67},[49,161495,84],{"class":63},[49,161497,12985],{"class":80},[49,161499,84],{"class":63},[49,161501,406],{"class":67},[49,161503,30088],{"class":71},[49,161505,397],{"class":67},[49,161507,8904],{"class":63},[49,161509,8907],{"class":63},[49,161511,397],{"class":67},[49,161513,35442],{"class":71},[49,161515,397],{"class":67},[49,161517,84],{"class":63},[49,161519,28407],{"class":80},[49,161521,84],{"class":63},[49,161523,406],{"class":67},[49,161525,161419],{"class":71},[49,161527,397],{"class":67},[49,161529,8920],{"class":63},[35,161531,161533],{"id":161532},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161535,161536],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[40,161538,161540],{"className":42,"code":161539,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161541,161542,161574,161594,161598,161622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161543,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161545,4668],{"class":55},[49,161547,60],{"class":59},[49,161549,3296],{"class":63},[49,161551,68],{"class":67},[49,161553,12357],{"class":71},[49,161555,68],{"class":67},[49,161557,84],{"class":63},[49,161559,87],{"class":67},[49,161561,35433],{"class":71},[49,161563,68],{"class":67},[49,161565,84],{"class":63},[49,161567,87],{"class":67},[49,161569,35442],{"class":71},[49,161571,68],{"class":67},[49,161573,3309],{"class":63},[49,161575,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161577,4737],{"class":55},[49,161579,60],{"class":59},[49,161581,3296],{"class":63},[49,161583,12980],{"class":80},[49,161585,84],{"class":63},[49,161587,12985],{"class":80},[49,161589,84],{"class":63},[49,161591,28407],{"class":80},[49,161593,3309],{"class":63},[49,161595,161596],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,161597,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,161599,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,161601,5630],{"class":973},[49,161603,35484],{"class":55},[49,161605,84],{"class":63},[49,161607,4779],{"class":55},[49,161609,3555],{"class":973},[49,161611,161080],{"class":122},[49,161613,126],{"class":63},[49,161615,4712],{"class":112},[49,161617,84],{"class":63},[49,161619,4784],{"class":112},[49,161621,8016],{"class":63},[49,161623,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636,161638,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,161625,7742],{"class":122},[49,161627,126],{"class":63},[49,161629,21778],{"class":1734},[49,161631,68],{"class":71},[49,161633,8949],{"class":80},[49,161635,251],{"class":112},[49,161637,21787],{"class":80},[49,161639,161640],{"class":71}," scored ",[49,161642,8949],{"class":80},[49,161644,85025],{"class":112},[49,161646,21787],{"class":80},[49,161648,68],{"class":71},[49,161650,335],{"class":63},[20,161652,573],{},[40,161654,161656],{"className":42,"code":161655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161657,161658,161665,161672],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161659,161660,161663],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161661,161662],{"class":55},"Ana scored ",[49,161664,32625],{"class":80},[49,161666,161667,161670],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161668,161669],{"class":55},"Ben scored ",[49,161671,32630],{"class":80},[49,161673,161674,161677],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,161675,161676],{"class":55},"Cara scored ",[49,161678,32635],{"class":80},[20,161680,44429],{},[155,161682,161683,161692,161695],{},[158,161684,161685,161688,161689],{},[15,161686,161687],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161690,161691],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[158,161693,161694],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[158,161696,161697,1017,161699,161701],{},[15,161698,251],{},[15,161700,85025],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161703,161704,161705,109],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[72,161706,69118],{"href":69117},[35,161708,161710],{"id":161709},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161712,161713,161715],{},[15,161714,63824],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161717,161718],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[40,161720,161722],{"className":42,"code":161721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161723,161724,161765,161781,161785,161809],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161725,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161761,161763],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161727,4668],{"class":55},[49,161729,60],{"class":59},[49,161731,3296],{"class":63},[49,161733,68],{"class":67},[49,161735,12357],{"class":71},[49,161737,68],{"class":67},[49,161739,84],{"class":63},[49,161741,87],{"class":67},[49,161743,35433],{"class":71},[49,161745,68],{"class":67},[49,161747,84],{"class":63},[49,161749,87],{"class":67},[49,161751,35442],{"class":71},[49,161753,68],{"class":67},[49,161755,84],{"class":63},[49,161757,87],{"class":67},[49,161759,161760],{"class":71},"Dan",[49,161762,68],{"class":67},[49,161764,3309],{"class":63},[49,161766,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161768,4737],{"class":55},[49,161770,60],{"class":59},[49,161772,3296],{"class":63},[49,161774,12980],{"class":80},[49,161776,84],{"class":63},[49,161778,12985],{"class":80},[49,161780,3309],{"class":63},[49,161782,161783],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,161784,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,161786,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,161788,5630],{"class":973},[49,161790,35484],{"class":55},[49,161792,84],{"class":63},[49,161794,4779],{"class":55},[49,161796,3555],{"class":973},[49,161798,161080],{"class":122},[49,161800,126],{"class":63},[49,161802,4712],{"class":112},[49,161804,84],{"class":63},[49,161806,4784],{"class":112},[49,161808,8016],{"class":63},[49,161810,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,161812,7742],{"class":122},[49,161814,126],{"class":63},[49,161816,251],{"class":112},[49,161818,84],{"class":63},[49,161820,130368],{"class":112},[49,161822,335],{"class":63},[20,161824,573],{},[40,161826,161828],{"className":42,"code":161827,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161829,161830,161836],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161831,161832,161834],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161833,133387],{"class":55},[49,161835,32625],{"class":80},[49,161837,161838,161840],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161839,161122],{"class":55},[49,161841,32630],{"class":80},[20,161843,1954,161844,1017,161847,161850],{},[15,161845,161846],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161848,161849],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161852,161853],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[40,161855,161857],{"className":42,"code":161856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161858,161859,161899,161915,161919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161860,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161862,4668],{"class":55},[49,161864,60],{"class":59},[49,161866,3296],{"class":63},[49,161868,68],{"class":67},[49,161870,12357],{"class":71},[49,161872,68],{"class":67},[49,161874,84],{"class":63},[49,161876,87],{"class":67},[49,161878,35433],{"class":71},[49,161880,68],{"class":67},[49,161882,84],{"class":63},[49,161884,87],{"class":67},[49,161886,35442],{"class":71},[49,161888,68],{"class":67},[49,161890,84],{"class":63},[49,161892,87],{"class":67},[49,161894,161760],{"class":71},[49,161896,68],{"class":67},[49,161898,3309],{"class":63},[49,161900,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,161902,4737],{"class":55},[49,161904,60],{"class":59},[49,161906,3296],{"class":63},[49,161908,12980],{"class":80},[49,161910,84],{"class":63},[49,161912,12985],{"class":80},[49,161914,3309],{"class":63},[49,161916,161917],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,161918,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,161920,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,161922,123],{"class":122},[49,161924,126],{"class":63},[49,161926,10824],{"class":122},[49,161928,126],{"class":63},[49,161930,4712],{"class":112},[49,161932,8904],{"class":63},[49,161934,37881],{"class":122},[49,161936,126],{"class":63},[49,161938,15869],{"class":112},[49,161940,1436],{"class":63},[20,161942,573],{},[40,161944,161946],{"className":42,"code":161945,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4 2\n",[15,161947,161948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161949,161950,161952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161951,2174],{"class":80},[49,161953,45088],{"class":80},[20,161955,161956,161957,109],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161958,63824],{},[35,161960,91616,161962,161964],{"id":161961},"converting-zip-output",[15,161963,63824],{}," output",[20,161966,28548,161967,161969],{},[15,161968,63824],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[591,161971,1762,161973],{"id":161972},"use-listzip",[15,161974,161975],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161977,161978],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[40,161980,161982],{"className":42,"code":161981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161983,161984,162016,162036,162040,162062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161985,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161987,4668],{"class":55},[49,161989,60],{"class":59},[49,161991,3296],{"class":63},[49,161993,68],{"class":67},[49,161995,12357],{"class":71},[49,161997,68],{"class":67},[49,161999,84],{"class":63},[49,162001,87],{"class":67},[49,162003,35433],{"class":71},[49,162005,68],{"class":67},[49,162007,84],{"class":63},[49,162009,87],{"class":67},[49,162011,35442],{"class":71},[49,162013,68],{"class":67},[49,162015,3309],{"class":63},[49,162017,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162019,4737],{"class":55},[49,162021,60],{"class":59},[49,162023,3296],{"class":63},[49,162025,12980],{"class":80},[49,162027,84],{"class":63},[49,162029,12985],{"class":80},[49,162031,84],{"class":63},[49,162033,28407],{"class":80},[49,162035,3309],{"class":63},[49,162037,162038],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,162039,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,162041,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,162043,8886],{"class":55},[49,162045,60],{"class":59},[49,162047,22044],{"class":1428},[49,162049,126],{"class":63},[49,162051,63894],{"class":122},[49,162053,126],{"class":63},[49,162055,4712],{"class":112},[49,162057,84],{"class":63},[49,162059,4784],{"class":112},[49,162061,1436],{"class":63},[49,162063,162064,162066,162068,162070],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,162065,123],{"class":122},[49,162067,126],{"class":63},[49,162069,8933],{"class":112},[49,162071,335],{"class":63},[20,162073,573],{},[40,162075,162077],{"className":42,"code":162076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162078,162079],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162080,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162082,21224],{"class":63},[49,162084,397],{"class":67},[49,162086,12357],{"class":71},[49,162088,397],{"class":67},[49,162090,84],{"class":63},[49,162092,19381],{"class":80},[49,162094,8904],{"class":63},[49,162096,8907],{"class":63},[49,162098,397],{"class":67},[49,162100,35433],{"class":71},[49,162102,397],{"class":67},[49,162104,84],{"class":63},[49,162106,12985],{"class":80},[49,162108,8904],{"class":63},[49,162110,8907],{"class":63},[49,162112,397],{"class":67},[49,162114,35442],{"class":71},[49,162116,397],{"class":67},[49,162118,84],{"class":63},[49,162120,28407],{"class":80},[49,162122,8920],{"class":63},[591,162124,1762,162126],{"id":162125},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162127,162128],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162130,162131],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[40,162133,162135],{"className":42,"code":162134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162136,162137,162169,162197,162201,162223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162138,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162140,16723],{"class":55},[49,162142,60],{"class":59},[49,162144,3296],{"class":63},[49,162146,68],{"class":67},[49,162148,251],{"class":71},[49,162150,68],{"class":67},[49,162152,84],{"class":63},[49,162154,87],{"class":67},[49,162156,272],{"class":71},[49,162158,68],{"class":67},[49,162160,84],{"class":63},[49,162162,87],{"class":67},[49,162164,289],{"class":71},[49,162166,68],{"class":67},[49,162168,3309],{"class":63},[49,162170,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162172,3495],{"class":55},[49,162174,60],{"class":59},[49,162176,3296],{"class":63},[49,162178,68],{"class":67},[49,162180,12357],{"class":71},[49,162182,68],{"class":67},[49,162184,84],{"class":63},[49,162186,279],{"class":80},[49,162188,84],{"class":63},[49,162190,87],{"class":67},[49,162192,15511],{"class":71},[49,162194,68],{"class":67},[49,162196,3309],{"class":63},[49,162198,162199],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,162200,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,162202,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,162204,12682],{"class":55},[49,162206,60],{"class":59},[49,162208,8842],{"class":1428},[49,162210,126],{"class":63},[49,162212,63894],{"class":122},[49,162214,126],{"class":63},[49,162216,16404],{"class":112},[49,162218,84],{"class":63},[49,162220,3558],{"class":112},[49,162222,1436],{"class":63},[49,162224,162225,162227,162229,162231],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,162226,123],{"class":122},[49,162228,126],{"class":63},[49,162230,16788],{"class":112},[49,162232,335],{"class":63},[20,162234,573],{},[40,162236,162238],{"className":42,"code":162237,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162239,162240],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162241,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162243,8949],{"class":63},[49,162245,397],{"class":67},[49,162247,251],{"class":71},[49,162249,397],{"class":67},[49,162251,77],{"class":63},[49,162253,406],{"class":67},[49,162255,12357],{"class":71},[49,162257,397],{"class":67},[49,162259,84],{"class":63},[49,162261,406],{"class":67},[49,162263,272],{"class":71},[49,162265,397],{"class":67},[49,162267,77],{"class":63},[49,162269,279],{"class":80},[49,162271,84],{"class":63},[49,162273,406],{"class":67},[49,162275,289],{"class":71},[49,162277,397],{"class":67},[49,162279,77],{"class":63},[49,162281,406],{"class":67},[49,162283,15511],{"class":71},[49,162285,397],{"class":67},[49,162287,100],{"class":63},[20,162289,162290,162291,109],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[72,162292,30575],{"href":30574},[591,162294,162296],{"id":162295},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162298,162299],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[40,162301,162303],{"className":42,"code":162302,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162304,162305,162329,162345,162349,162367,162371,162385],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162306,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162308,4668],{"class":55},[49,162310,60],{"class":59},[49,162312,3296],{"class":63},[49,162314,68],{"class":67},[49,162316,12357],{"class":71},[49,162318,68],{"class":67},[49,162320,84],{"class":63},[49,162322,87],{"class":67},[49,162324,35433],{"class":71},[49,162326,68],{"class":67},[49,162328,3309],{"class":63},[49,162330,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162332,4737],{"class":55},[49,162334,60],{"class":59},[49,162336,3296],{"class":63},[49,162338,12980],{"class":80},[49,162340,84],{"class":63},[49,162342,12985],{"class":80},[49,162344,3309],{"class":63},[49,162346,162347],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,162348,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,162350,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,162352,8886],{"class":55},[49,162354,60],{"class":59},[49,162356,161080],{"class":122},[49,162358,126],{"class":63},[49,162360,4712],{"class":112},[49,162362,84],{"class":63},[49,162364,4784],{"class":112},[49,162366,335],{"class":63},[49,162368,162369],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,162370,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,162372,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,162374,123],{"class":122},[49,162376,126],{"class":63},[49,162378,7767],{"class":1428},[49,162380,126],{"class":63},[49,162382,8933],{"class":112},[49,162384,1436],{"class":63},[49,162386,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,162388,123],{"class":122},[49,162390,126],{"class":63},[49,162392,7767],{"class":1428},[49,162394,126],{"class":63},[49,162396,8933],{"class":112},[49,162398,1436],{"class":63},[20,162400,573],{},[40,162402,162404],{"className":42,"code":162403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162405,162406,162436],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162407,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162409,21224],{"class":63},[49,162411,397],{"class":67},[49,162413,12357],{"class":71},[49,162415,397],{"class":67},[49,162417,84],{"class":63},[49,162419,19381],{"class":80},[49,162421,8904],{"class":63},[49,162423,8907],{"class":63},[49,162425,397],{"class":67},[49,162427,35433],{"class":71},[49,162429,397],{"class":67},[49,162431,84],{"class":63},[49,162433,12985],{"class":80},[49,162435,8920],{"class":63},[49,162437,162438],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162439,37792],{"class":63},[20,162441,162442],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162444,162445,162446,109],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[72,162447,4810],{"href":5258},[35,162449,40542],{"id":40541},[20,162451,162452,162453,109],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162454,63824],{},[591,162456,162458],{"id":162457},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[40,162460,162462],{"className":42,"code":162461,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162463,162464,162496,162516,162520,162544],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162465,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162467,4668],{"class":55},[49,162469,60],{"class":59},[49,162471,3296],{"class":63},[49,162473,68],{"class":67},[49,162475,12357],{"class":71},[49,162477,68],{"class":67},[49,162479,84],{"class":63},[49,162481,87],{"class":67},[49,162483,35433],{"class":71},[49,162485,68],{"class":67},[49,162487,84],{"class":63},[49,162489,87],{"class":67},[49,162491,35442],{"class":71},[49,162493,68],{"class":67},[49,162495,3309],{"class":63},[49,162497,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162499,4737],{"class":55},[49,162501,60],{"class":59},[49,162503,3296],{"class":63},[49,162505,12980],{"class":80},[49,162507,84],{"class":63},[49,162509,12985],{"class":80},[49,162511,84],{"class":63},[49,162513,28407],{"class":80},[49,162515,3309],{"class":63},[49,162517,162518],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,162519,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,162521,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,162523,5630],{"class":973},[49,162525,35484],{"class":55},[49,162527,84],{"class":63},[49,162529,4779],{"class":55},[49,162531,3555],{"class":973},[49,162533,161080],{"class":122},[49,162535,126],{"class":63},[49,162537,4712],{"class":112},[49,162539,84],{"class":63},[49,162541,4784],{"class":112},[49,162543,8016],{"class":63},[49,162545,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,162547,7742],{"class":122},[49,162549,126],{"class":63},[49,162551,21778],{"class":1734},[49,162553,68],{"class":71},[49,162555,8949],{"class":80},[49,162557,251],{"class":112},[49,162559,21787],{"class":80},[49,162561,21790],{"class":71},[49,162563,8949],{"class":80},[49,162565,85025],{"class":112},[49,162567,21787],{"class":80},[49,162569,68],{"class":71},[49,162571,335],{"class":63},[591,162573,162575],{"id":162574},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[40,162577,162579],{"className":42,"code":162578,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162580,162581,162613,162637,162641,162663],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162582,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162584,16723],{"class":55},[49,162586,60],{"class":59},[49,162588,3296],{"class":63},[49,162590,68],{"class":67},[49,162592,1445],{"class":71},[49,162594,68],{"class":67},[49,162596,84],{"class":63},[49,162598,87],{"class":67},[49,162600,251],{"class":71},[49,162602,68],{"class":67},[49,162604,84],{"class":63},[49,162606,87],{"class":67},[49,162608,15301],{"class":71},[49,162610,68],{"class":67},[49,162612,3309],{"class":63},[49,162614,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162616,3495],{"class":55},[49,162618,60],{"class":59},[49,162620,3296],{"class":63},[49,162622,46091],{"class":80},[49,162624,84],{"class":63},[49,162626,87],{"class":67},[49,162628,12357],{"class":71},[49,162630,68],{"class":67},[49,162632,84],{"class":63},[49,162634,3589],{"class":583},[49,162636,3309],{"class":63},[49,162638,162639],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,162640,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,162642,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,162644,56],{"class":55},[49,162646,60],{"class":59},[49,162648,8842],{"class":1428},[49,162650,126],{"class":63},[49,162652,63894],{"class":122},[49,162654,126],{"class":63},[49,162656,16404],{"class":112},[49,162658,84],{"class":63},[49,162660,3558],{"class":112},[49,162662,1436],{"class":63},[49,162664,162665,162667,162669,162671],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,162666,123],{"class":122},[49,162668,126],{"class":63},[49,162670,106],{"class":112},[49,162672,335],{"class":63},[591,162674,162676],{"id":162675},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[40,162678,162680],{"className":42,"code":162679,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162681,162682,162702,162722,162726,162751],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162683,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162685,80163],{"class":55},[49,162687,60],{"class":59},[49,162689,3296],{"class":63},[49,162691,1999],{"class":80},[49,162693,84],{"class":63},[49,162695,7462],{"class":80},[49,162697,84],{"class":63},[49,162699,7467],{"class":80},[49,162701,3309],{"class":63},[49,162703,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716,162718,162720],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162705,80184],{"class":55},[49,162707,60],{"class":59},[49,162709,3296],{"class":63},[49,162711,1999],{"class":80},[49,162713,84],{"class":63},[49,162715,279],{"class":80},[49,162717,84],{"class":63},[49,162719,7467],{"class":80},[49,162721,3309],{"class":63},[49,162723,162724],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,162725,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,162727,162728,162730,162732,162734,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,162729,5630],{"class":973},[49,162731,56390],{"class":55},[49,162733,84],{"class":63},[49,162735,162736],{"class":55}," b ",[49,162738,3555],{"class":973},[49,162740,161080],{"class":122},[49,162742,126],{"class":63},[49,162744,111255],{"class":112},[49,162746,84],{"class":63},[49,162748,80227],{"class":112},[49,162750,8016],{"class":63},[49,162752,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,162754,7742],{"class":122},[49,162756,126],{"class":63},[49,162758,2224],{"class":112},[49,162760,4362],{"class":59},[49,162762,2229],{"class":112},[49,162764,335],{"class":63},[20,162766,573],{},[40,162768,162770],{"className":42,"code":162769,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162771,162772,162776,162780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162773,162774],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162775,1007],{"class":583},[49,162777,162778],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162779,1194],{"class":583},[49,162781,162782],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,162783,1007],{"class":583},[591,162785,162787],{"id":162786},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[40,162789,162791],{"className":42,"code":162790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162792,162793,162828,162851,162855,162882],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162794,162795,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162815,162817,162819,162821,162824,162826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162796,162797],{"class":55},"products ",[49,162799,60],{"class":59},[49,162801,3296],{"class":63},[49,162803,68],{"class":67},[49,162805,24626],{"class":71},[49,162807,68],{"class":67},[49,162809,84],{"class":63},[49,162811,87],{"class":67},[49,162813,162814],{"class":71},"Pen",[49,162816,68],{"class":67},[49,162818,84],{"class":63},[49,162820,87],{"class":67},[49,162822,162823],{"class":71},"Bag",[49,162825,68],{"class":67},[49,162827,3309],{"class":63},[49,162829,162830,162832,162834,162836,162839,162841,162844,162846,162849],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,162831,82553],{"class":55},[49,162833,60],{"class":59},[49,162835,3296],{"class":63},[49,162837,162838],{"class":80},"12.5",[49,162840,84],{"class":63},[49,162842,162843],{"class":80}," 1.2",[49,162845,84],{"class":63},[49,162847,162848],{"class":80}," 25.0",[49,162850,3309],{"class":63},[49,162852,162853],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,162854,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,162856,162857,162859,162861,162863,162866,162868,162870,162872,162875,162877,162880],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,162858,5630],{"class":973},[49,162860,24687],{"class":55},[49,162862,84],{"class":63},[49,162864,162865],{"class":55}," price ",[49,162867,3555],{"class":973},[49,162869,161080],{"class":122},[49,162871,126],{"class":63},[49,162873,162874],{"class":112},"products",[49,162876,84],{"class":63},[49,162878,162879],{"class":112}," prices",[49,162881,8016],{"class":63},[49,162883,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,162885,7742],{"class":122},[49,162887,126],{"class":63},[49,162889,21778],{"class":1734},[49,162891,68],{"class":71},[49,162893,8949],{"class":80},[49,162895,26495],{"class":112},[49,162897,21787],{"class":80},[49,162899,162900],{"class":71}," costs $",[49,162902,8949],{"class":80},[49,162904,24635],{"class":112},[49,162906,21787],{"class":80},[49,162908,68],{"class":71},[49,162910,335],{"class":63},[20,162912,36095,162913,109],{},[72,162914,162916],{"href":162915},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[35,162918,162920,162921],{"id":162919},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162922,63824],{},[591,162924,1392,162926,162928],{"id":162925},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162927,63824],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162930,162931,162933],{},[15,162932,63824],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162935,162936],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[40,162938,162940],{"className":42,"code":162939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162941,162942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162943,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162945,123],{"class":122},[49,162947,126],{"class":63},[49,162949,10824],{"class":122},[49,162951,126],{"class":63},[49,162953,111255],{"class":112},[49,162955,8904],{"class":63},[49,162957,37881],{"class":122},[49,162959,126],{"class":63},[49,162961,80450],{"class":112},[49,162963,1436],{"class":63},[591,162965,162967],{"id":162966},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162969,68341],{},[40,162971,162973],{"className":42,"code":162972,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162974,162975,163011,163015,163028,163038,163042,163054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162976,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162978,8886],{"class":55},[49,162980,60],{"class":59},[49,162982,161080],{"class":122},[49,162984,2656],{"class":63},[49,162986,2659],{"class":80},[49,162988,84],{"class":63},[49,162990,97],{"class":80},[49,162992,17544],{"class":63},[49,162994,3296],{"class":63},[49,162996,68],{"class":67},[49,162998,72],{"class":71},[49,163000,68],{"class":67},[49,163002,84],{"class":63},[49,163004,87],{"class":67},[49,163006,90],{"class":71},[49,163008,68],{"class":67},[49,163010,3561],{"class":63},[49,163012,163013],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,163014,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,163016,163017,163019,163021,163023,163026],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,163018,5630],{"class":973},[49,163020,5633],{"class":55},[49,163022,3555],{"class":973},[49,163024,163025],{"class":55}," pairs",[49,163027,6067],{"class":63},[49,163029,163030,163032,163034,163036],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,163031,7742],{"class":122},[49,163033,126],{"class":63},[49,163035,22795],{"class":112},[49,163037,335],{"class":63},[49,163039,163040],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,163041,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052],{"class":51,"line":309},[49,163045,5630],{"class":973},[49,163047,5633],{"class":55},[49,163049,3555],{"class":973},[49,163051,163025],{"class":55},[49,163053,6067],{"class":63},[49,163055,163056,163058,163060,163062],{"class":51,"line":316},[49,163057,7742],{"class":122},[49,163059,126],{"class":63},[49,163061,22795],{"class":112},[49,163063,335],{"class":63},[20,163065,163066],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[591,163068,163070],{"id":163069},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163072,163073],{},"This is correct:",[40,163075,163077],{"className":42,"code":163076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163078,163079,163103,163119,163123,163147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163080,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163082,4668],{"class":55},[49,163084,60],{"class":59},[49,163086,3296],{"class":63},[49,163088,68],{"class":67},[49,163090,12357],{"class":71},[49,163092,68],{"class":67},[49,163094,84],{"class":63},[49,163096,87],{"class":67},[49,163098,35433],{"class":71},[49,163100,68],{"class":67},[49,163102,3309],{"class":63},[49,163104,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113,163115,163117],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,163106,4737],{"class":55},[49,163108,60],{"class":59},[49,163110,3296],{"class":63},[49,163112,12980],{"class":80},[49,163114,84],{"class":63},[49,163116,12985],{"class":80},[49,163118,3309],{"class":63},[49,163120,163121],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,163122,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,163124,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,163126,5630],{"class":973},[49,163128,35484],{"class":55},[49,163130,84],{"class":63},[49,163132,4779],{"class":55},[49,163134,3555],{"class":973},[49,163136,161080],{"class":122},[49,163138,126],{"class":63},[49,163140,4712],{"class":112},[49,163142,84],{"class":63},[49,163144,4784],{"class":112},[49,163146,8016],{"class":63},[49,163148,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159],{"class":51,"line":304},[49,163150,7742],{"class":122},[49,163152,126],{"class":63},[49,163154,251],{"class":112},[49,163156,84],{"class":63},[49,163158,130368],{"class":112},[49,163160,335],{"class":63},[20,163162,163163],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[40,163165,163167],{"className":42,"code":163166,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163168,163169,163189],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163170,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163172,5630],{"class":973},[49,163174,5633],{"class":55},[49,163176,3555],{"class":973},[49,163178,161080],{"class":122},[49,163180,126],{"class":63},[49,163182,4712],{"class":112},[49,163184,84],{"class":63},[49,163186,4784],{"class":112},[49,163188,8016],{"class":63},[49,163190,163191,163193,163195,163197],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,163192,7742],{"class":122},[49,163194,126],{"class":63},[49,163196,22795],{"class":112},[49,163198,335],{"class":63},[20,163200,573],{},[40,163202,163204],{"className":42,"code":163203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163205,163206,163222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163207,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163209,126],{"class":63},[49,163211,397],{"class":67},[49,163213,12357],{"class":71},[49,163215,397],{"class":67},[49,163217,84],{"class":63},[49,163219,19381],{"class":80},[49,163221,335],{"class":63},[49,163223,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,163225,126],{"class":63},[49,163227,397],{"class":67},[49,163229,35433],{"class":71},[49,163231,397],{"class":67},[49,163233,84],{"class":63},[49,163235,12985],{"class":80},[49,163237,335],{"class":63},[20,163239,163240],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[591,163242,8092,163244,163246,163247],{"id":163243},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163245,63824],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163248,35241],{},[20,163250,1762,163251,163253],{},[15,163252,63824],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163255,1762,163256,163258],{},[15,163257,35241],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[40,163260,163261],{"className":42,"code":35410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,163262,163263,163295,163299,163319],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163264,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283,163285,163287,163289,163291,163293],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163266,4668],{"class":55},[49,163268,60],{"class":59},[49,163270,3296],{"class":63},[49,163272,68],{"class":67},[49,163274,12357],{"class":71},[49,163276,68],{"class":67},[49,163278,84],{"class":63},[49,163280,87],{"class":67},[49,163282,35433],{"class":71},[49,163284,68],{"class":67},[49,163286,84],{"class":63},[49,163288,87],{"class":67},[49,163290,35442],{"class":71},[49,163292,68],{"class":67},[49,163294,3309],{"class":63},[49,163296,163297],{"class":51,"line":103},[49,163298,313],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":312},[49,163300,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317],{"class":51,"line":119},[49,163302,5630],{"class":973},[49,163304,35313],{"class":55},[49,163306,84],{"class":63},[49,163308,35461],{"class":55},[49,163310,3555],{"class":973},[49,163312,35323],{"class":122},[49,163314,126],{"class":63},[49,163316,4712],{"class":112},[49,163318,8016],{"class":63},[49,163320,163321,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331],{"class":51,"line":284},[49,163322,7742],{"class":122},[49,163324,126],{"class":63},[49,163326,35338],{"class":112},[49,163328,84],{"class":63},[49,163330,35484],{"class":112},[49,163332,335],{"class":63},[20,163334,163335,163336,109],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[72,163337,3247,163338,3180],{"href":91528},[15,163339,35241],{},[35,163341,1498],{"id":1497},[591,163343,1512,163345,4818],{"id":163344},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163346,63824],{},[20,163348,163349],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[591,163351,1502,163353,163355],{"id":163352},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163354,63824],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163357,163358],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[591,163360,163362,163363,1529],{"id":163361},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163364,63824],{},[20,163366,163367,163368,109],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163369,161975],{},[591,163371,163373,163374,1529],{"id":163372},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163375,63824],{},[20,163377,127733,163378,163380],{},[15,163379,162128],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[591,163382,163384],{"id":163383},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163386,163387],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[35,163389,1550],{"id":1549},[155,163391,163392,163397,163403,163407,163411],{},[158,163393,163394],{},[72,163395,163396],{"href":162915},"How to use zip in Python",[158,163398,163399],{},[72,163400,3247,163401,3180],{"href":91528},[15,163402,35241],{},[158,163404,163405],{},[72,163406,4888],{"href":5258},[158,163408,163409],{},[72,163410,69194],{"href":69117},[158,163412,163413],{},[72,163414,31749],{"href":30574},[1597,163416,163417],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":163419},[163420,163421,163423,163424,163425,163426,163434,163440,163449,163460],{"id":37,"depth":103,"text":38},{"id":161139,"depth":103,"text":163422},"What zip() does",{"id":188,"depth":103,"text":189},{"id":161532,"depth":103,"text":161533},{"id":161709,"depth":103,"text":161710},{"id":161961,"depth":103,"text":163427,"children":163428},"Converting zip() output",[163429,163431,163433],{"id":161972,"depth":119,"text":163430},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162125,"depth":119,"text":163432},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162295,"depth":119,"text":162296},{"id":40541,"depth":103,"text":40542,"children":163435},[163436,163437,163438,163439],{"id":162457,"depth":119,"text":162458},{"id":162574,"depth":119,"text":162575},{"id":162675,"depth":119,"text":162676},{"id":162786,"depth":119,"text":162787},{"id":162919,"depth":103,"text":163441,"children":163442},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163443,163445,163446,163447],{"id":162925,"depth":119,"text":163444},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162966,"depth":119,"text":162967},{"id":163069,"depth":119,"text":163070},{"id":163243,"depth":119,"text":163448},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1497,"depth":103,"text":1498,"children":163450},[163451,163453,163455,163457,163459],{"id":163344,"depth":119,"text":163452},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163352,"depth":119,"text":163454},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163361,"depth":119,"text":163456},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163372,"depth":119,"text":163458},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163383,"depth":119,"text":163384},{"id":1549,"depth":103,"text":1550},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160981,"description":163461},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945125949]